1
10
13
-
https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/12165/archive/files/887a97217b8f6b38f362981df3d6fdb2.jpg?Expires=1712793600&Signature=nkVoezs8eoR0%7E5nuSYblK%7E4-7iTvwj9spRjYneXhTFqqWfQvS5tLnoG0dj0bMctV0ubTECW1Nn6ZndG0qhdHHcH9oBTXlzx17J7-rzz05Gz7CKYDSUqc17XfED-zMBzMQTulPWh-9ceDjkbLwZl66rnVqkLA1O4kUTGLjRZT9LLGFoNYJeARKQL2Og1CujQ98Ms5B-eBBJKz6aV2nlFBeLKXzScwcN72FVfdSnhoXSIOry6JBE7h8NzCGMDGLBvakGYFmKVsofvKoGU%7EX00icJlXUJyP7hANkU7dUH0-SwAoI9pryt1kHWJWPOUuXLigjxozFbZGFDWAROOjNOmY8g__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM
ef103100109fb5c03b4f1a58482a35db
https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/12165/archive/files/5f7bc8b8d2999198cf7e32ffa5d588f4.jpg?Expires=1712793600&Signature=OGWlhCOQ0eCIJbx6WnMD9jgRNhuozNraJ8J38rA-eJ5Ifn3DhReY5WTbNzgaOA5QQiK8VQBFLM8cdLsE0cUhRO88EIYAtY9WOMRx1cJPEXYAlgnfOC4gHqTdAemGI6by8jZ8Rnjv4sfeemzuQO4awoDfu5qe9mu3eEs7NyRpbgpD4wjm44pTVx8q0zaMJuX3o7WUkfQkrr0svu8H396o%7Eh%7EnKiKFDUXKaoebNXFZNilMF8x2Aqo1NSO8pM0N6dF%7EamBkowAr5aJA69Mgujf5i2buLX0H3TkNXf7sVDoiBx8CQXz8BC3oPv7wDXSescN110addxTl5ltkXjXFiCiAbg__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM
c740fa6de470a5c6a9987c16a569eeaa
https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/12165/archive/files/acdb819e99994cf257d1b5be76f36b76.pdf?Expires=1712793600&Signature=DPcjKqucz41cCPj44vbVBihTO-Czkkpk3l8cmbN68ElQr4rOxV4ExPNvvj-GCH1Iat7PurYXpk2S%7EJE4zblaz4Nhgalr6ZU7yYhhTdYU-HY1dxdSs1AoeGGafvUX7DlYWFIGyVNCZ19st5R4YjzSLBJcR0Dwr8CjJHJ-kmtUiFzd%7Evi8wNdxjx41VmO43y7I%7EzT5nojY-2eA9q5s8LT6hAHcWM3P%7E4G7Jxy2ayAxlFHpWvKtm7qiSC34bJJ81M5X-pMURT4IO8xvGioHVKXj2uuoNSwDaNJRQv7Tkpxl-XfBGE9GgPFgC9fEK4O7-pBnJ8c7YCUcqDPXGSsXAFnDGw__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM
3d115b0d170cd4db23dc0bf037aa135f
PDF Text
Text
�������1
-'llliii
t
!
Ill;
lilli
I
^
'^'
i''
''
•
I
'
'
!=0
I
iiiiiiiii'
i!"ii||
!
;:•':
(
'*ii
::im
i'"
fii
i!
ip
I'
iiiiilii!
'lllli'll''
iiii
i
lilli
!
'I'll
IHIlllll
!
i^^^.**^
I
:||{|ll!lllll!l|
—
::il
�:
THE
NEW ENGLAND
GAZETTEER;
CONTAINING
DESCRIPTIONS OF ALL THE STATES, COUNTIES AND TO^VNS
IN
ALSO
LAKES,
DESCKIPTIONS OF THE PRINCIPAL MOUNTAINS, RIVERS,
CAPES, BAYS, HARBORS, ISLANDS, AND
FASHIONABLE RESORTS
WITHIN THAT TERRITORY.
ALP
B
Y
FI
A B ET C AL L Y ARRA N G E D
I
J
Author of the
OHN HAY
WARD
,
Columbian Traveller, Religious Creeds, &c. &c.
FOURTEENTH EDITION.
CONCORD,
ISRAEL
S.
.
-^-T^cToFcG^r^
N. H.
^"^T-i::.
BOYD AND WILLIAM WHITE.
BOSTON:
JOHN H A Y W
184
1.
A R D
.
""^
'
�Entered according
to
Act
of Congress, in the year 1839,
by
JOHN HAY WARD,
in
the
Clerk's Office
of the
District
Court in Massachusetts.
STEREOTYPED AND PRINTED BY
WILLIAM WHITE,
CONCORD, N.H.
�;
PREFACE.
The preparation
patronage of
its
of a Gazetteer ot
New
England, worthy the
no easy task
those only who
can form a just conception of its difficulties. Long
enlightened citizens,
is
:
have attempted it
and wearisome journeys must be performed ; hundreds of volumes and
local histories must be consulted, and thousands of letters must be written.
Although a kind Providence has blessed the editor with health, and
with numerous friends, in all parts of New England yet, after a long
period of devotedness, he is mortified that his work is not more complete.
;
It will
be perceived that there are
many
towns, particularly in the
New
England, whose names are merely mentioned
and that notices of others, in many cases, are exceedingly deficient. Had
eastern section of
our means permitted,
fair
representations of the character and resources
of those towns might have promoted individual and public interests
enhanced the value of our volume.
northern and eastern parts of
New
;
and
There are lakes and rivers in the
England, whose beauty, volume of
water, and hydraulic power, might vie with the Winnepisiogee and Merrimack ; but whose locations and even names are but indistinctly known.
But we have the
land, perfect in
try
is
new
:
rather desii-ed than expected.
large portions of the territory of the
are yet a wilderness, and
New
EngOur counEngland States,
consolation to believe that a Gazetteer of
all its parts, is
new
New
counties and towns are very frequently
constituted.
The
progress of agricultural science, and of the mechanic arts
advancement of commerce, both
at
home and
;
the
abroad, and the increasing
success of the fisheries, united with the determination of the people of
New England to connect the trade of the western oceans with their
Atlantic borders,
by
roads of iron,
which
frosts
cannot impede, are so
great and strong, that the most devoted geographical and statistical writers
must be satisfied with following at a distance, rather than keeping pace
with the rapid car of improvement in New England.
Al
�—
PREFACE.
In the performance of our work
valuable maps and books on
New
we have
derived assistance from
Among
England.
many
number a
the
re-
Belknap's History of New
Hampshire; Williamson's Maine; Dwight's Letters; Savage's
spectful tribute
due, particularly,
is
Thacher's
Winthrop;
to
Folsom's Saco and Biddeford;
Plymouth;
Hale's Map of New England;
Benton
Statistics:
Stevens' Rhode Island; CArrigain's New Hampshire and Greenleaf's Maine:— to Worcester's Gazetteer; Thompson's Vermont;
Pease and Niles' Rhode Island and Connecticut; Spofford's Massachusetts, and Farmer and Moore's Gazetteer of New Hampshire.
From the latter work, and from its authors, the lamented John Farmer, Esq., a celebrated antiquarian and writer, and Jacob B. Moore,
and Barrey's
;
N. H., author of several valuable
Esq., of Concord,
we
cellaneous works,
in regard to
are indebted for
much
of that
and mis-
which
valuable
is
Hampshire.
a beautiful volume, entitled " Connecticut Historical Collec-
From
tions,"
New
historical
by John
Warner Barber,
Esq.,
we have been
permitted to
enrich our pages with some of their most valuable and interesting
ar-
ticles.
To Heads of Departments
at
Washington, and
to the Secretaries of the
which the work refers, for valuable public documents;
and to numerous other friends who have kindly assisted
to Postmasters
us in our labors whose names we should feel proud to mention, were it
we tender the acknowledgments of a
in accordance with their wishes
several States to
;
;
;
grateful heart.
For the purpose of enlarging our work,
our editions will he designedly small
:
as well as for its correction,
contributions are therefore respect-
fully solicited.
While
it is
our determination
to
devote our time and humble talents to
render our publications worthy of general approbation
with the assurance of co-operation from eminent
country
;
and
we
trust
with confidence
to
men
;
we
are gratified
in all parts of the
receive that patronage, which
home and abroad, invariably bestow on every
whose obvious design is usefulness.
Yankees, both
at
effort
���;
NEW ENGLAND
In
presenting the public with a Gazetteer of
proper
to
make
character of
its
a
New England, it has
few introductory remarks of
inhabitants.
They may with
seemed
a general nature, on the
great propriety be called
a peculiar people : and perhaps New England and Pennsylvania are the
only parts of the new world, which have been colonized by a class of
men, who can be regarded in that light. The whole of Spanish and Portuguese America was organized, under the direct patronage of the mother
countries, into various colonial governments, as nearly resembling those at
home
as the nature of the case
admitted.
The adventurers who sought
their fortunes beyond the sea, in those golden tropical regions, carried the
vices and the virtues with the laws and the manners of their native land,
along with them, and underwent no farther change than was unavoidably
new
physical and political condition in which they
were
same force, may
be made of the Virginia colonists they differed from Englishmen at
home in no other way, than a remote and feeble colony must of necessity
differ from a powerful metropolitan state.
Pennsylvania was settled by
a peculiar race but its peculiarity was of that character which eventually exhausts itself; and would speedily perish but for an amalgamation,
necessary though uncongenial, with the laws, the manners, and institutions of the world.
If all mankind were Friends they might subsist and
prosper.
A colony of Friends, thrown upon a savage shore and environed
incident to the
placed in America.
The same remark, with nearly
the
:
;
by
from foreign colonial establishments, would perish,
by forces and principles different from its own. In the settlers of New England alone we find a peculiar people ;
but at the same
time a people whose peculiarity was founded on safe practical principles
if
hostile influences
not upheld
—
reconcileable with the duties of
life
;
capable of improvement in the pro-
gress of civilization, and of expanding into a powerful state, as well as of
animating a poor and persecuted colony.
�NEW ENGLAND.
Had
ed
America been discovered and
not
English colonization
for
such an uninviting spot
fortunes, the world
;— nay,
as furnished
would have
which the
fathers of
have made
it
class.
A
to
men
of prosperous
noble developement of character
A
tropical climate would
would have filled it up
gold mine would have been a curse
exhibit.
uninhabitable to Puritans
with adventurers of a different
upon our continent reservit not been precisely
no temptation
lost that
New England
a tract
further, had
;
or rather
Had the fields produced cotton and sugar, they
have produced the men whom we venerate as the founders of
to the latest generation.
would not
the liberties of
New England.
Puritanism sprang up in England, but there it could not develope itself
with vigor or consist with happiness.
The conflict with the hostile institutions of society was too sharp, and admitted of the cultivation of none
but the militant or patient elements of character.
To struggle with
temporary success and to bow in permanent subjection was the necessary
fate of the persecuted sect.
So it was wisely ordained.
Had Puritanism permanently mastered the church and the throne in England, it
would have been corrupted.
It would have picked up and worn the
trampled diadem
it would have installed itself in the subjected church.
Regarding Cromwell and the Rump Parliament as the gift of Puritanism
to
:
English liberty,
most
to sigh or smile.
it is
a bequest
The
at
which we know not whether
fell by the way side
seed sown in England
and the fowls came and devoured it up. The cause of political and social
reform, which was conducted with self-denying wisdom and moderation
in the outset,
by single-hearted, honest men, degenerated
In the moment of
triumph
as
it
prospered.
sunk under the corruptions of selfishness, as a noble vessel which has braved the tempest in mid-ocean sometimes goes
to
its
it
pieces on the rocks as it'approaches land.
But the precious seeds of liberty, civil and religious, which were sown
New England, fell upon a genial soil, and brought forth worthy and
abiding fruit.
Undertaking the same work which was undertaken by
in
their brethren in England, our fathers conducted
small things, through hardships,
It is true there
trial,
it
and disasters,
were greater obstacles
to
through the days of
to a
triumphant issue.
be encountered in England, in
the resistance of established institutions.
Deep rooted errors were to be
up the towers of feudal oppression, which had stood for centuries,
were to be overthrown. But the influence of these formidable institutions
was not limited to Old England,
The rod of arbitrary power reached
torn
;
The little colonies had to struggle with the crown
and the hierarchy, with the privy council and with special commissions,
with writs and acts of parliament and they had besides to struggle with the
across the Atlantic.
;
�NEW ENGLAND.
savage foe, of a sterner
hardships of the wilderness, the dangers of the
the privations of a settler's life,
climate than that of their native land,
mother country ;— but they
the alternating neglect and oppression of the
of abuses in England, as
struggled successfully with all. The reformers
scattered a house
they claimed to be called, brought a king to the block,
with all the powers
clothed
of lords, and saw their great military leader
and in twelve years the son of that king returned to the throne,
state
of
amidst a jubilee of nanot merely by an unconditional restoration, but
All the while the
rejoicing and without one security for liberty.
;
tional
New
fathers of
extravagance
England held on
when
their cause at
their
home
even Avay
(as
;
not betrayed into
they fondly called Old Eng-
in despair at the miserable relapse which enand
not indeed live to reap the fruit of their principles
They did
sued.
reflects but the greater honor upon them that they
and it
their sacrifices
great work from a sense of duty, deep-seated, con-
land)
was triumphant; nor
;
persevered in their
while they lived, unretrolling, fearless, and not the less so although,
warded by worldly success.
actuated by the only prinIn fact the founders of New England were
It need not be said that this was
ciple sufficient to produce this result.
How easily it is uttered of our Pilgrim fathers that
principle.
religions
little in these prosperthey were actuated by religious principle ; how
description of their
all that is wrapped up in that
ous days do we realize
comprehend of others what we have not
is dithcult to
character
It
!
experienced in ourselves.
a highly
capaWe
That easy frame of mind which prevails among
is scarcely
favored people, in periods of halcyon prosperity,
with the moral heroism, the spirof being placed in sympathy
truly animated
courage, the sublime equanimity of a generation
persecution, and purified by hardby the relio^ious principle, exalted by
of the
such a period we can, by diligent contemplation
itual
ship.
Happy if in
men of
conceiving
other days, exalt our imaginations, till by
proportion as we do this,
In
form a desire to imitate their virtues
success. They did all
realize the secret of their perseverance and
venerated
we
we
!
shall
What cannot man do when
things through Christ strengthening them.
this life as a preparatory
he has learned habitually and distinctly to regard
introductory to an eternal
a brief hour,— nay a fleeting moment,
scene,—
being'?
The
means and
fathers of
New
England were enabled, with
their scanty
institutions
feeble powers, to establish the foundation of
which
hutliat they regarded
will last to the end of time, for the very reason
moral naman interests and delights as transitory. That paradox in our
triumph out of self-denial,
tures which educes strength out of weakness,
out of a stern preference of things not of
all
worldly power and success
�NEW ENGLAND.
this world, received its
pilgrim fathers of
New
most illustrious confirmation in the career of the
England.
This principle of our natures
success which attended the
There
these shores.
is
the key to the great problem of the
forlorn
hope of humanity that landed on
indeed a fanaticism, which violates
is
all
the laws
which belong
and the humbler influences which grow from the
an
of our nature, alike the higher ulterior principles
to
immortal
rela-
spirit,
It leads to surprising
tions of ordinary life.
which dazzle us with
deeds;
brilliant eccentricities.
it
forms characters
near allied
It is
to
mad-
But the religiousness of the fathers of New
It
England was a far different principle.
It was eminently practical.
allied itself with wise institutions of government; it sought the guidance
ness
;
often runs into
of education
;
it
it.
encouraged the various pursuits of industry;
for the public safety
and defence
;
it
provided
and with chaste discrimination admit-
It is difficult to say what sort of a
ted the courtesies of polished life.
commonwealth George Fox would have founded, had circumstances called him to assume the province of the legislator. It is most certain, that
in setting up an immediate divine inspiration as the guide of every man,
he maintained a principle at war with the very idea of a political system
and all its institutions nor is it less certain that the constitution which
was actually granted to Pennsylvania, by its pure and noble-spirited pro;
possessed
prietor,
little
of the
peculiarities
But the
peaceful, and equitable temper.
ped short of the point where
They pursued
of his sect but their mild,
fathers of
New
England
stop-
solemn conviction passes into enthusiasm.
the ordinary occupations of
life,
planted the
vessels and navigated the sea, and carried on the usual
field, built
mechanic
arts.
They made provision for protection against the Indians and the French.
They organized a plan of civil government; they established by law a
system of common school education, for the first time in the history of the
world, and they founded a college for the avowed purpose of training up
men, well
a class of educated
and pious ministers
grims.
who had
qualified to take the place of the learned
emigra-ted with the
These are the doings of
first
generation of
intelligent and practical
pil-
men, not of en-
and yet they are the doings of men so resolutely
thusiasts or fanatics
bent upon the exercise of the right of worshipping God according to the
;
dictates of their consciences,
home,
fortune, and
To say
all
that the fathers of
to say that
they were
that they
that the mass of
men
;
New
to
were willing
men
to sacrifice
to it
hold dear.
England were not
faultless, is
merely
say that they established no institutions,
the object of which was to bind the consciences of their successors,
praise asjust as
it is
high.
If they adhered with
undue tenacity
is
to their
�NEW ENGLAND.
own
opinions, and
least left
failed in
charity towards those
who
differed,
they
at
beforehand
their posterity free, without the attempt to secure
the control of minds in other ages by transmitted symbols and tests.
Hu-
manity mourns over the rigors practised towards Roger Williams, the
Quakers, and the unhappy persons suspected of witchcraft but let it
;
was executed at Wurzburg,
and that even in 1760 two women were thrown into the water in Leicestershire, in England, to ascertain by their sinking or swimming whether
they were witches. Above all, it may deserve thoughtful enquiry, before
we condemn the founders of New England, whether a class of men less
stern in their principles and austere in their tempers, could have accomnot be forgotten that, as late as 17.49, a witch
plished, under all the discouragements that surrounded them, against all
the obstacles
which
dence called them,
stood in their
way, the greal work
— the foundation of
to
which Provi-
a family of republics,
under
a constitution of free representative
reason
to
government.
confederated
There
is
every
believe, great and precious as are the results of their principles,
world, that the quickening power of those
more and more displayed, with every leaf that is turned
hitherto manifested to the
principles will be
in the book of Providence.
That
ses
part of the United States denominated
SIX STATES, SIXTY
EIGHTY TOWNS.
New
Eivglazvd, compri-
ONE COUNTIES, and TWELVE HUJVDRED AND
Their extent, divisions, and population
periods, are as follows
:
at several
�NEW ENGLAND.
New England
In 1830, there were in
798 blind, and 18,668
dumb
1,112 persons deaf and
The number
aliens.
;
of colored persons in 1820,
was 20,782—1830, 21,310. See Register.
New England increased in population, from 1790,
per
to 1800, 22.1
cent: from 1800, to 1810, 19.3 per cent: from 1810, to 1820, 12.7 per
cent: from 1820, to 1830, 17.7 per cent; and from" 1830,
When
cent.
it is
nally peopled by
considered, that most of the western states were origi-
New
Englanders, and that vast numbers annually emi-
grate to those states, this increase of population
with other Atlantic
is
1S37, 12.4
to
stated at 120,000
The
states.
;
in 1755, at 345,000
BouJVDARiEs AND EXTENT.
;
and in 1775,
This territory
compared
favorable,
is
New
population of
is
England
in 1700,
at 714,000.
bounded north and
northwest by Lower Canada, about 375 miles, and east by the Province of
New Brunswick, 275 miles.
Its
whole eastern, southeastern and southern
borders are washed by the Atlantic ocean and the waters of
Sound, a distance of about 600 miles.
of
New York, 280 miles.
New England is situated
Its
It is
Long
Island
bounded west by the
circumference
state
about 1,530 miles.
is
between 41°, and 48° 12' north hitiJude, and
Greenwich.
Its greatest
length is between the sources of the Madawaska, Me., and Greenwich,
Ct., about 575 miles; and its greatest breadth is between Machias, Me.,
and Highgate, Vt., 300 miles.
Its narrowest part is between Boston
and West Stockbridge, Mass., 135 miles^
65°
and 74°
55',
Name.
10'
west longitude from
During the unsuccessful attempts of
Sir
Walter Raleigh
to
plant colonies within the territory of North America, from 1584 to 1587,
the whole country was called Virginia, in honor of
was then on the
into
two
In 1606, James
British throne.
sections, JVorth
Queen
I.
Elizabeth,
who
divided the country
and South Virginia; but
the French having
taken possession of the Canadas, and founded Quebec, in 1608, and the
Dutch having established colonies at New York and Albany, in 1613,
the
intermediate
New
England,
in
to his native land,
New
the
to its
New
England
States,
who visited
first settlers
this coast in 1614.
We
England people are frequently called Yankees.
warranted in stating, from the best authority, that of the
Heckewelder,
that the
Lena Lenape,
nounced the word English, Yengees.
but in the course of years, in
Indian names and phrases,
it
late
are
learned
a tribe of Indians belonging to
the Six Nations, on the arrival of our forefathers to
spelt,
was called
luxuriance and beauty, and in honor
by the celebrated John Smith, one of the
of Virginia, in 1607; and
The
now
territory,
compliment
these shores, pro-
The word was thus
common
originally
with thousands of other
became corrupted
to
Yankee.
The
first
•
�—
NEW ENGLAND.
land
Englanders
honorable
ply
—
were English,
or
Englishmen, from Old Eng-
the term Yankee, or English,
and however
;
New
New England
of
settlers
themselves, and reproachful only
to
may be
applied to
the descendants of the Puritans consider the term
who
those
to
misap-
it.
New
Surface, Soil and Productions.
ed for
Mountains
varied surface.
its
and solitary eminences
intervales
is
distinguishspurs,
beautiful swells, extended valleys, and alluvial
;
meet the eye
England
immense ranges, bold
in
in
Large
every direction.
rivers, unrivalled for
courses and hydraulic power; brooks, rivulets, expansive
their rapid
more than
lakes, countless ponds; and a sea coast of
hundred miles,
six
decorated with delightful bays, harbors, and romantic islands, form and
beautify the outline of a picture of
The
New
soil of
sand exist in
all
England
New
fitted, in
;
a light
is
The
soij
clay, and
most gener-
brown loam, mixed with
different degrees of moisture
common
production
Loam,
as varied as its surface.
is
their varieties and mixtures.
ally diffused through this country,
gravel
England.
and dryness,
for
every
to the climate; and capable, with proper culture,
of the highest fertility.
The agricultural productions of this country are exceedingly numerThe staple articles, and such as are cultivated in all
ous and valuable.
their varieties, are grass, Indian corn, wheat,
hemp, broom corn,
peas, flax,
rye, barley, oats, beans,
potatoes, onions,
millet,
beets,
carrots,
trinips, squashes, melons, &c.
The
New
fruits of
England, both wild and cultivated, are
merous and abundant.
ces, grapes, in
butternuts
all
&c.
tiful in
New
their varieties;
walnuts, chesnuts, Madeira nuts,
This
is
but the
commencement
England, and remarkable
The forests
of
New
Among the
so great
list
of the fruits, plen-
and
flavor.
a noble variety of trees, not only
all
that a catalogue
the uses of man.
of
The number
them would cover pages.
most valuable are the varieties of the pine, cedar, oak, wal-
nut, spruce, maple, beech, birch, ash
fir,
of a
for their richness
England exhibit
delightful to the eye, but valuable for
is
nu-
strawberries, whortleberries, blackberries, mulberries, rasp-
;
berries,
of these
also
Apples, pears, peaches, plums, cherries, quin-
;
the hemlock, hacmatack, elm,
&c.
The botanical
resources of
section of our country.
New
Among
England are not
the
inferior to
any other
most beautiful native flowering
shrubs are the laurel, rose, honeysuckle, and woodbine.
MiJVERALOGy.
New
England unquestionably possesses a vast and
�NEW ENGLAND.
rich variety of minerals
but until recently
;
ploughing the ocean, or digging
in
o:i its
people have been too busy
its
surface, to search for ti'easures
its hills and valleys.
A spirit of exploration, howLearned
which promises the most favorable results.
and indefatigable men are in the fieldj and the wisdom of our legislatures
will keep them there.
within the bosom of
ever, has arisen,
Granite or sienite, in
all its
Varieties,
marble of various hues, varying
polish,
pected
is
is
abundant; coal
no wood
and
;
it is
abundant
to exist,
but
for roofing
abundant.
is
New
not.
buildings
;
Gold and silver are said
Fine clay, sandstone, manganese
and various other
Garnets, cobalt, rock
been discovered
Copper
forests.
England; and iron ore, of a pure quality,
in various sections of the country.
we hope
states:
abundant on Cape Cod, where there
found in meadows surrounded by
exists in various parts of
is
in all the
most of which, bearing a fine
found in various places, and strongly sus-
is
Peat
to exist in others.
common
is
in quality,
in various parts of
articles for
crystals,
New
;
slatestone,
necessary use are
and other minerals
have
England, and which are men-
tioned under their localities within the volume.
Climate.
The
above.
and
to
New
England is exceedingly various:
below the zero of Fahrenheit to 95°
The mercury has been known to descend from 20° to 30° below,
climate of
the temperature ranges from
102° above
;
15'^
but such cases rarely occur.
European philosophers have imagined that the coldness of this part of
America was caused by our northwest winds, proceeding, as they have
thought, /rom the great lakes, which are situated in the interior of North
America: but since it has been discovered that the great lakes lie westward of the true N. W. point, that opinion has been exploded.
A second cause to which the coldness of these winds has been attributed, is a chain of high mountains running from southwest to northeast,
in Canada and New Britain, at a great distance beyond the St. Lawrence.
A
third opinion
is
that of the
venerated Dr. Holyoke, of Salem,
supposed that the numerous evergreens in this country are the
of the peculiar cold
which
it
experiences.
coldness of these winds proceeds from
i\\e
A
fourth opinion
is,
who
source
that the
forested state of the country.
all those we have menwhich generate the peculiar cold of this
Dr. Dwight entertained an opinion different from
tioned,
viz: that the winds
country descend, in most cases,
phere.
The N. W. wind
gree of cold
is
increased.
from
the superior regions of the atmos-
rarely brings snow, but
The deepest snows
fall
when
it
does, the de-
with a N. E. wind, and
storms from that quarter are most violent and of longest duration.
the mountains, the snow
falls earlier
On
and remains later than in the low
�NEW ENGLAND.
On
grounds.
those elevated sun^.mits, the winds have greater force in
driving the snow into the long and deep gullies of the mountains, where
is
it
are seen on the south sides of
the highest
monly
it
not to be dissolved by the vernal sun.
so consolidated, as
snow
till
A
July.
southeast storm
shorter, than one from the
A
soon changes to rain.
One
common
in
its
is
If
com-
begin with snow,
it
duration
W. with snow
S.
very short.
is
Squalls of
March.
by the inhabitants
of our
derived from the frequent changes in the state of the atmos-
The temperature
phere.
Spots of
May, and on
often as violent, but
is
northeast.
of the greatest inconveniences suffered
country,
as late as
wind from the W. or
brisk
or rain, sometimes happens, but
this kind are
mountains
Changes
Changes from wet
hours.
are
to dry,
known
has been
change 44°
to
though seldom
frequent,
and from dry
to
twenty four
the same
in
wet, are
in
at
degree.
times unpleasant,
and probably unhealthy.
There is no month in the year which is not
sometimes very pleasant, and sometimes disagreeable.
In a series of
years, our most pleasant months
Often the
tember
are,
is
the 20th of September to the
The temperature
delightful.
Summer.
Some persons
be a more pleasant month than either September or October.
there are
usually a few days of intense
In
heat.
except the brilliancy and beauty of the heavens,
confessed to have the superiority over
tation
is
wonderful
literal sense,
;
and
renewing
richness and splendor.
rejoice
on every
side.
its
it
seems
all
as
others.
if
the
This
is
think June
In June,
all
other respects,
this
month must be
The
progress of vege-
creative
hand was,
in a
original plastic efforts, to adorn the
All things are alive and gay.
The
pastures are
world with
" The little hills
clothed with
valleys are also covered with corn, and shout
same time prevails
mild,
is
sweet, and the sky singularly bright and beautiful.
is
the period denominated the Indian
to
From
however, very warm.
20th of October, the weather
the air
September and October.
first three weeks in Sep-
are June,
two, and not unfrequently the
first
for
joy."
The
flocks.
Health
at the
The
in a peculiar degree.
Spring is often chilled by
by rains. The Winter months,
mantle of snow, is the season for relaxa-
easterly winds and rendered uncomfortable
when
tion
the earth
is
clad with
its
and pleasure.
The number
three to one.
of fair days in a year compared with the cloudy,
is
as
We
have had but few meteorological journals kept. For
several years past they have become more frequent, and it is hoped, that
from the increasing attention to the subject, comparative results of the
weather will become more numerous and exact.
Navigation- and Commerce.
from the
first
1*
The
people of
New
England,
settlement of the country to the present time, have been
�;
NEW ENGLAND.
celebrated for their fine ships, nautical prowess, and commercial
Their extended Atlantic sea
give them as great,
can be found in
any other country.
vessels built in the United States in 1833,
New
tonnage, 161,626 tons; of which there were built in
The number
tonnage, 95,146.
the
spirit.
forests of ship timber,
not greater facilities for these enterprises, than
if
this or
The number of
and their noble
coast,
of
seamen employed
in
was 1,188;
England 590:
navigation in
United States, was 67,744, of which 37,142 belonged
to
New
England.
In consequence of the absence of both natural and
to the fertile countries
artificial
channels
on the borders of the great lakes, and west of the
Alleghany mountains, the exports and imports of New England, compared with the whole of the United States, appear small but it must be
borne in mind that a large proportion of the ships and seamen employed
in this commerce belongsto New England, and that a vast amount of the
;
exports from other states consists of the j^roducts of the manufacturing
industry and fishery of that section of the country.
The value
of the imports of
New
England, during the year ending
SO September, 1837, was $22,052,414.
total
value cf the imports of
Exports, $11,878,324.
the United
States, in that
period,
The
was
$140,989,217; of exports, $117,419,376.
During that period the American tonnage of New England, entered,
compared with that of the United States, was as follows New England,
:
1,944 vessels, 393,877 tons: United States, 6,024 vessels, 1,299,720 tons.
During
that time there
tonnage, 122,987 tons
;
were 949 vessels built in the United States
which 389 were built in New England, meas-
of
uring 51,983 tons.
Fishery.
This important branch of industry, and one of the great-
rial,
to the American people, has, from time immemobeen almost exclusively cairied on by New England vessels, men,
and
capital.
wealth
est sources of
In 1837, there were 508 vessels in the United States engaged in the
was 127,239 tons of which number
Nev/ England states measuring 115,194 tons. The
same year there were 127,678 tons employed in the cod and mackerel
126.963 tons of which were owned in New England.
fishery
whale fishery
459 belonged
;
the total tonnage
;
to the
;
;
Manufactures.
From
the
mercial country.
the U. S.
first
settlement of the country, to the
New
England was emphatically a comDuring the long wars in Europe, when the flag of
general peace in Europe in 1815,
was the only passport among
England ships became the
the belligerent nations.
carriers of almost the
New
whole of the eastern
�NEW ENGLAND.
The change from war
continent.
land to
its
centre.
It
however
to
peace, in Europe, shook
stood firm.
During
New
Eng-
a pause, in wliich
conflicting interests in regard to the tariff on imports
resources
of
were settled, the
were examined, and it was found that a large porwhich had been accustomed to float on every gale, and
the country
tion of the capital
subjected to the caprice of every nation, might profitably be employed at
home, in supplying our own necessities, and placing our independence on
a more sure foundation.
A manufacturing spirit arose in New England,
whose power can only be excelled by the magnitude and grandeur of innumerable streams on which
it is
seen
to
move.
See Register.
�ITEMS
There
to the
are several items in this
volume which do not strictly pertain
Some of them are here noted.
general character of the work.
White Mountains,
Distances on Long Island Sound and Hudson
Routes
Saratoga and Ballston Spi'ings,
Troy, N. Y.,
-
-
Firmness of mind,
A venerable
-
-
...
...
....
-
-
N. Y.,
minister,
-
-
....
....
....
Curious Courtship,
Sound.
Maine.
briefly stated,
Sharon, Ct.
Long
Island Sound.
Hancock, Mass.
Stamford, Ct.
-
Catskill Mountains,
Bay
-
Lebanon Springs, N. Y.,
I.
White Mountains.
«
«
-
....
Confidence in God,
Long
river,
-
-
Lake George, N. Y.,
Whitehall, N. Y.,
The North Eastern Boundary Question
New
See White Mountains.
to the
Long
Island Sound.
Hartford, Ct.
Lyme,
Ct.
Fundy,
Fundy, Bay.
St. John's, N. B.,
A Congregation made Prisoners,
Darien, Ct.
Brave Women, Dustan's Island, Gorham, Me., and Dorchester, Mass.
A good shot,
Dalton, JV. H.
Goffe and Whalley,
Hadley, Mass., and Woodbridge, Ct.
Peddling,
Alexanders' Lake, and Berlin, Ct.
of
The "Old Black Bull,"
-
-
...
Faithful Missionaries,
Burning of
-
-
Fairiield,
Mount Auburn Cemetery,
-
Transplanting
-
Obookiah,
-
.
Large Apple Tree,
Thermometrical observations,
Fortunate Stageman,
Tribute
to
-
female character,
Large Pines,
-
Generals Allen and Stark,
Fairfield, Ct.
Epping,
-
-
JV*.
H.
Belchertown, Mass.
-
-
-
-
Ledyard, Ct.
Liberty and JVorridgewock, Me.
-
General Putnam and the Wolf,
Tornadoes,
•
-
Cambridge, Mass.
Fairlee and Whiting, Vt.
.
Cornwall, Ct.
Duxbury, Mass.
-
...
...
fish,
Colchester, Ct.
Gorham, Me.
Roxhury, Mass., and Haddam, Ct.
Prices of sundry articles in 1750,
Litchfield, Ct., and
-
Warner and JVew London,
-
JV. H., and
Manchester,
JV.
H.
Pomfret, Ct.
Winchendon, Mass.
�ITEMS.
See Weston, Ct.
Meteoric Stones,
Windham,
Story of the Frogs,
Smart Old Men,
A
modest
Stratford, J\\
office seeker.
Lyme,
Land Title settled by combat.
The " Devil's Den," a good ice house,
Large Trout,
-
Montville, Ct.
Village,
Ashford, Ct.
relic of olden times.
The
*'
Farmington, A^. H.
Middlebo rough, Mass.
.
_
_
Dorchester, Mass.
-
Turtle well marked,
Mohegan
A
-
Fryeburgh, Me.
.
_
.
.
Poised Rock,
New
JVew Market,
Hampshire Giant,
Purgatory Cavern,"
Ice Beds,
WJiitingham, Vt.
Wethersfield, Ct.
Singular motive for marriage,
" Lovevvell's Fight,"
Curious Epitaphs,
Strong, Me.
-
Atkinson, JV. H., and
-
H.
Ct.
Sterling, Ct.
-
-
Floating Islands,
A
Ct.
TVhitingham Vt., and Shutesbury, Mass.
.
.
J\''.
H.
Sutton, Mass.
Wallingford, Vt.
.
JVew Hartford, Ct.
Kingdom,"
JVorth JBridgewater, Mass.
Names of Towns,
Plympton, Mass.
A " South Shore" White oak,
Tiverton, R. I.
Tak, a slave, the captor of a British General,
«*
Satan's
Horrible butchery of a family,
Penobscot Indians,
"The
Wethersfield, Ct.
.
.
Orono, Me.
.
Oxford, Ct.
Pool,"
Shrewsbury, Mass.
First mail stage in the United States,
Indian
George
Mound,
III.
.
.
_
.
Roxbury, and Webster, Mass.
-
-
_
-
'
.
-
Taunton, Mass.
-
.
Wethersfield, Ct.
-
_
-
An atrocious murder,
A New England Clergyman
of 1G86,
Plymouth, Mass
Ancient Epitaphs,
runaway pond,
Lake scenery,
-
.
A worthy maiden Lady,
A Connecticut river lawsuit,
A
Mass.
White Mountains.
Stafford, Ct., and Hopkinton,
-
.
Foliage,
The Drum Rock,
Ridgefield, Ct.
-
Mineral Springs,
Avalanches,
H.
Quincy, Mass.
and John Adams,
.
The Hermitess,
Tough words for stammerers.
Autumnal
Ossipee, JV.
_
-
-
-
_
-
Warwick, R. I.
Washington, Ct.
Wenham, Mass.
and Windsor, Ct.
Glover,
Vt.
Winnepisiogee Lake^
�ITEMS.
The « Charter Oak,"
-
-
See Hartford, Ct.
-
Augusta, Me., Charlestown, Mass., Hart-
Retreats for the Insane,
ford, Ct.
Large Elm Tree,
-
-
Chocorua's Curse,
-
Volcanic Eruptions, indications
Ct.,
Gay Head,
Hardships of
and
_
_
Chesterfield, JV. H".,
of,
.Albany, JV. H.
East Haddam,
of Shoals.
Isle
first Settlers,
Relics of ancient
Hatfield, Mass.
.
>
Johnson and Hartland, Vt.
Sanbornton, JV.H.,
-
JkfoM/fon6oro' and
Indians,
and Kent, Ct.
Kilkenny, JV. H.
Sagacity of a Dog,
Ladies' Shoes,
The "
-
_
Lynn, Mass.
_
Cat Hole,"
Meriden, Ct.
White Fish,
Madison and Saybrook,
Town,
Deaf and Dumb,
Relics of an ancient
Asylum
do.
for the
for
The "
Hartford, Ct.
the Blind,
Indian Camp,
Boston,
-
-
-
Deerfield, JV.
Pool of Neipsic,"
A fruitful Rock,
A brave Man,
Glastenbury
Antrim,
-
Ancient Family Record,
Notable
First
Cost of " Victuals
_
-
Hourly Coaches
in
to last
Copperas, manufacture
one
Rock,
Strafford, Vt.
-
First Sacrifice of
An
old Frog,
human
-
Distance of the Sound of Cannon,
-
JV.
H.
ditto.
Ct.
JVorwalk and Stamford,
Ct.
American
_
-
JVew Milford,
,
_
Life for
-
-
_
_
_
White Mountains,
.
»
Ct.
Winchester, Ct.
•
.
_
_
Woodbury,
-
-
.
Indian Bargains,
_
.
-
-
Me.
Waterbury, Ct.
Wilmington, Mass.
-
-
.
Indian Palace,
Saco,
Year,'
_
-
Rogers' Rock,
a
Roxbury, Mass.
-
The « Green Woods,"
Split
Man
.
Bethel Rock,
Marlboro^ and Salisbury, Vt.
_
New England,
.
Culture of Hops,
Mass.
Roxbury, Mass.
Leicester,
of,
Good Elbow-Room,
H,
ditto.
of,
...
Women,
JV.
Saybrook, Ct.
Saybrook Platform, origin
Joseph Warren,
H.
Ct'.
,
Charlestown, JV. H.
-
-
Jewish Synagogue,
Ct.
Me.
Bristol,
_
liberty
-
Providence, R.
I.
Bridgewater, Vt.
Barnard^ Vt.
�NEW ENGLAND
Abljot,
vvock.
man.
Acton, Me.
Me.
This town lies
Piscataquis co.
76 miles N. by E. from Augusta,
130 N. by E. from Portland, and
about 40 N. N. E. from Norridgeson, E.
GAZETTEER.
It is bounded N. by Monby Guilford and S. by Park-
The
Piscataquis river passes
nearly through its centre.
It was
Population,
incorporated in 1827.
1837, 649.
An
interior town, in the
county
of York, recently taken from Shapleigh.
It lies near the head waters
of Salmon river, by which it is divided, on the W., from New-Hampshire.
It is
107 miles
S.
W.
from
Augusta, and 15 W. from Alfred.
Population, 1837, 1409.
Actoii, Vt.
Windham
This town was
1782
It has some
Plymouth co. This town is on it v/as incorporated.
the high land between Massachu- fine brooks, but no important mill
Three streams. It lies about 15 miles N.
setts and Narraganset bays.
rivers rise here, two of which emp- of Newfane, and about 90 S. of
Population 1830, 176.
ty into the Taunton, the other into Montpelier.
It Ues 19 miles S. S. E.
the North.
Acton, Mass.
from Boston, 22 N. W. from PlymMiddlesex co. This is a pleasouth, IS N. N. E. from Taunton,
and 8 S. of Wej^mouth landing. ant farming town of good soil. The
This town is noted for its manufac- Assabet river passes through it. It
tures of boots, shoes, and tacks. The is 5 miles N. W. by W. of Concord,
Incorpototal value of its manufactures, in and 21 N. W. of Boston.
one j'ear, was ,<6;S47,294, of which rated 1735. Population 1837, 1071.
Al>ingtOBi, I^Iass.
first
co.
settled in 1781, and in
the amount of .$82,000 was for tacks,
and .$746,794 ior boots and shoes.
Ac-*vortli,
Sullivan co.
There were 847 males and 470 females employed in the manufacture agricultural in
IV.
H.
This town
its
is
pursuits.
chiefly
The
Cold river,
generally good.
which rises from Cold pond in this
town, affords some good mill seats.
This town was formerly noted for
etmooskeagin.
the culture of flax, which was manAcoakset River,
ufactured by some of the inhabitants
Rises on the border of the town into the finest linen, equal to any
imported from Ireland. The town
of Fall River, and meets an arm of
Buzzard's bay, at Westport, 12 miles was settled in 1768, and incorporated in 1771. Population 1830, 1401.
S. W. of New Bedford, Mass.
of the latter.
Population, 1337,
This town was incorporated
3,057.
in 1712. Its Indian name was Man-
soil is
�—
NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
It lies 13 miles S. of
44
W.
Addisou, Me.
Newport, and
of Concord.
Washington
Adaxns, Mass.
Berkshire co. This is a flourishing agricultural and manufacturing
township, comprising two villages,
north and south, whose trade goes
It is 40 miles E. of
to New York.
Troy, N. Y., 120 W. N. W. of Boston, 29 N. of Lenox, and 7 miles S.
E. of Williamstown college. The
Hoosack river passes through this
town, and affords a great water
power. There are in this town 19
cotton mills, 4 satinet factories, and
2 calico printing establishments.
co.
This town was
incorporated in 1797.
Population,
It lies 14 miles W. by
1837, 901.
S. from Machias, and 135 E.by N.
from Augusta. Addison lies between Pleasant and Indian rivers,
and near the south entrance into
;!ispe ky reach.
Addison Point,
or Cape Split, jutting out into the
sea, off which are several small
islands, is the principal harbor and
place of trade.
Addison
Coiiiitj'',
Vt.
Mlddlehury is the chief town.
There are also in this town large This county is bounded on the N.
machine shops, 4 tanneries, 3 air and by Chittenden county; E. by Washcupola furnaces, and manufactories ington and Orange counties, and a
S. by
forks, part of Windsor county
of shovels, spades, hoes,
The total Rutland county, and W. by Lake
chairs and cabinet ware.
value of the manufactures of this Champlain. It was incoiporated in
;
place in the year ending April 1,
1837, amounted to $1,045,417.
Between the years 1746 and 1756,
this town was the scene of much
Traces of old
Indian warfare.
Furt Massachusetts are still found.
Saddle .Mountain, the summit of
which is called Gray Zoc/c, the highest of Massachusetts mountains, lies
chiefly in this town, and, although
it is 3,600 feet above the level of
the sea, is of easy ascent.
view
from Gray lock probably gives " an
idea of vastness and even of immensity" better than any other
landscape in New England, Mt.
Washington, in N. H. excepted.
The natural bridge on Hudson's
A
Brook,
worthy
in
this
town,
is
a curiosity
the notice of travellers.
The waters of this brook have worn
a fissure from 30 to 60 feet deep and
30 rods in length, through a body
of white marble, or limestone, and
formed a bridge of that material, 50
feet above the surface of the water.
1787, and contains about 700 square
Large quantities of white
miles.
and beautifully variegated marble,
which receives a fine polish, are
found in this county, and large
quantities of it are quarried and
transported to various markets.
This county is admirably well watered by Otter Creek, which rises
near its southern boundary, and extends nearly through its centi-e
by Mad and White rivers and by
Lake Champlain, wliich affords it
many navigable privileges. The
;
;
good, particularly in those
the mountains, and
bordering the lake and rivers. This
county contains 22 towns. Population, 1820, 20,469—1830, 24,940.
Inhabitants to a square mile, 35.
soil
is
towns below
Addis oil, Vt.
Addison co. This is supposed to
be the first place settled by the
whites, in this state, west of the
a cavern in this town, 30
feet long, 20 high, and 20 wide.
mountains. The town is pleasantly
located on the east side of lake
Champlain, and nearly opposite to
Incorporated 1778. Population 1820
Crown
1,836—1830, 2,648—1834, 3,000—
and in 1837, 4,191.
York. At this place the lake is
about 3 miles broad. The French,
There
is
Point, in the state of
New-
�—
NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
it is said, commenced a settlement
here in 1731 ; the same year that
they erected a fort at Crown Point.
The English came here about 1770.
mill
privileges.
These streams
were once the residence of num-
bers
of
the
beaver, otter, &c.
There are several
lofty hills and
town, 'the highest
of which is called Chocorua, and is
visible from a great extent of country.
It received its name from
Chocorua, an Indian, who was killed on the summit by a party of
hunters in time of peace, before
from Middlebury, and 40 V.'. S. W. •the settlement of
the place.
The
from Montpelier. Population 1830, predominant rock
of these hills is
Otter Creek passes into the town,
but affords no important mill sites.
The surface of the town is low and
level.
Mil4 and Pike rivers, are
small streams, which fall into the
lake opposite to Crown Point. This
town lies about 12 miles AV. N. W.
mountains in
1,306.
granite
—a
this
decomposing variecrystals and grains
of feldspar are very large. The soil
So called, being three elevations is fertile, being a sandy
loam, mixof land in York, Me., about 4 miler ed occasionally
with coarse gravel.
from the sea, and a noted land mark There are some fertile
intervale
for those on the coast to the north- lands on the
borders of Swift river.
ward and eastward of Portsmouth This town has been considerably
Agameuticus Mountain,
The highest summit is 673
above the ocean. It is said
that Saint Aspinquid died on this
mountain, in 1682, and th.l his
harbor.
feet
was celebrated by tl- Inby the sacriiice of 671". wild
funeral
dians,
animals.
The Indian name of a river in
Wareham, and of a part of Westfield
river; and the name of a village on
Westtield river, 2 miles S. W.'^from
Springfield.
Albany, Me.
CO.
This town was incor-
porated in 1803.
It lies about 17
miles W. by N. from Paris, and 58
W. from Augusta. It is the source
of Crooked river, which empties into
Sebago Lake.
Population, 1837,
598.
Albany,
]V.
H.,
Strafford co., lies 60 miles
N. by
soft,
which the
retarded by a peculiar disease which
afflicts neat cattle.
Young cattle
cannot be reared, nor can cows or
oxen be kept here for a series of
years, without being attacked by a
singular and fatal distemper.
It
commences with a loss of appetite
the animals refuse hay, grain and
salt
become emaciated an obstinate costiveness attends, but the abdomen becomes smaller than in
health, and is diminished to one third
its original bulk. After these symptoms have continued for an indefinite period, a brisk scouring comes
on, and the animals fall away and
—
Aga^vani, Blass.
Oxford
ty, in
die.
—
Though
;
superstition
may have
found a reason in the dying curse
of the murdered Chocorua, philosophy has not yet ascertained a satisfactory cause for the disease.
It is
probably owing to the properties
contained in the waters. This town
was granted Nov. 6, 1766, to Clement March, Joseph Senter and others, and until the 2d July, 1833, it
bore the name of Burton.
Popula-
E. from Concord, and 67 N. N. W.
from Dover. The principal river tion in 1830, 325.
in Albany, is Swift river, which
Albany, Vt.
passes from W, to E. into the Saco,
at Conway.
There are several
Orleans co. This town was grantsmall streams in different parts of ed in the year
1781, by the name
the town, furnishing convenient of Lutterloh
in 1815 itwas chang;
2
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
present name. It is water
by a number of ponds, and by
Black river and its branches. Albany lies 34 miles N. from Montpelier, and 9 S. of Irasburgh. Pop-
ed
to its
6(1
ulation, 1830, 683.
person gained his wealth in a manner which illustrates the antiquity
of the propensity of the inhabitants
of this state to the once honored,
yet now despised employment of
peddling, we will give the reader
a short
Albion, Me.
notice of his history.
He
came from Scotland, with a great
Kennebec co. This fine farming number of other emigrants, in a
town lies on the stage road from ship which was to land them at
Augusta to Bangor; 24 miles N. Boston. Just before leaving the
E. from the former, and 44 S. W.
Population, 1837,
from the latter.
This town produced 10,728
1609.
bushels of wheat, in 1837.
ring
Albwrgli, Vt.
Grand
Settlements com-
Isle co.
menced here by emigrants from
This town
Canada, in 1782.
lies at
N. W. corner of the state and
England 10 miles N. from
North Hero, and 79 miles N. W.
from Montpelier. It is bounded by
the waters of Lake Cham plain, except on the north, where it meets
the Canada line, in north latitude
the
of
New
;
ship he discovered a gold ring upon deck, for which he could find no
owner. Thus fortunately provided,
after his arrival he pawned the gold
for
small
articles
of trade,
which he peddled in Boston and
Roxbury. He was very prosperous, and finally became able to redeem the author of his success, and
pursue his business without embarrassment.
After a few years of
constant activity, he acquired sufficient property to purchase a planta-
of 3,500 acres in Killingly.
gold ring was transmitted as a
t.ort of talisman, to his only son
45^.
The soil is good and finely JYell, who transferred it to his only
It has a mineral spring, son JVell ; v/ho is now living at an
ti^nbercd.
of some repute in scrofulous cases. advanced age, and has already plaPopulation, 1830, 1,239.
ced it in the hands of his grandson
A^cll ; and fo it will doubtless conAlexasidePj Ble.
tinue from JYell to JVell, agreeably
Washington co. About 25 miles to the request of the first JVell,
N. by W. from Machias, and S. of until the " last knell of the race is
Baileyville, and Baring, which bor- tolled!"
der on the river St. Croix.
In this
singular tradition has been
town are some ponds, which, with handed down to iis by the aborithe large pond in Baring and Alex- gines concerning the origin of this
ander, produce a large stream which lake.
empties into Cobscook bay. PopuIn ancient times, when the red
lation, 1837, 457.
men of this quarter had long enjoyed prosperity, that is, when they
Alexainler's Lalice.
had foiind plenty of game in the
This beoAitiful sheet of water, of Avoo ls,and fish in the ponds and rivabout a mile in length and half a ers, they at length fixed a time for
mile in breadth, lies in the town of a general powwow, a sort of festival
Killingly, Ct., and was formerly for eating, drinking, smoking, singknown to the Indians by the name ing and dancing. The spot chosen
Its present name
of Mashapaug.
for this purpose was a sandy hill, or
is derived from Nell Alexander, a
mountain, covered with tall pines,
man who settled at Killingly in occupying the situation where the
1720, and became proprietor of a lake now lies. The powwow lasted
large portion of the town.
As this four days in succession, and was to
tion
The
A
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
continue longer had not the Great well
watered by the higher sources
enraged at the licentiousness of Mousum
river, which meets the
which prevailed there, resolved to sea at
Kennebunk. In this town
punish them.
Accordingly, while is a society of those
neat and industhe red people in immense numbers
trious horticulturists and artizans,
were capering about upon the sum- denominated *'
Shakers."
mit of the mountain, it suddenly
Spirit,
Alford, Mass.
"gave way" beneath them, and
sunk to a great depth, when the
Berkshire co. On the line of the
water from below rushed up and state of
New York, and watered
covered them all except one good by
branches of Green river. Some
old squaw, who occupied one of
manufactories of leather and
the
peaks, which now bears
of Loon's Island.
name
shoes.
the
Mr. Barber
in his admirable work
" Connecticut Historical
Collections," from which this account is taken, observes, " whether
entitled
the tradition
entitled to credit or
not, we will do it justice by affirming that in a clear day, when there
125 miles W. from Boston, 14 S. by
W. from Lenox, and 24 E. of Hud-
N. Y.
Population, 1837, 441.
Incorporated, 1773.
son,
AlleiistOAvn, N.
is
no wind and the surface of the
lake is smooth, the huge trunks and
leafless branches of gigantic pines
may be occasionally seen in the
deepest part of the water, some of
them reaching almost to the surface,
in such huge and fantastic forms
as
to cause the beholder to startle!"
IS
Alexandria, N. H.
Merrimack
co.
On
H.
the Suncook
river, 11 miles S. E. from
Concord,
Portsmouth, The
land generally is of an ordinary
and 38
W. from
quality, though there are some fine
farms.
The town is principally
covered with a growth of oak and
pine timber; and^great quantities of
lumber are annually taken down
the river.
Allenstown is well watered, though no large stream passes through it.
Great Bear brook
furnishes the principal mill seats.
Catamount hill is the highest land
in town.
At the E. end of this hill
is a precipice of 70 feet nearly
perpendicular, at the footof wljich is a
cavern of some extent, inclining
corporated, 1782.
On Fowler's and wards. The first settlers wei-e upllob't
Smith's rivers and several other
Buntin and others. In 1748, while
smaller streams are about 2000 acres
at work on the western bank
of the
of intervale land, which produce
Merrimack river,opposite the mouth
flax, potatoes and grass in
abund- of the Suncook, in company
with
ance. Other parts "of the town
are James Carr, Mr. Buntin and
his son,
favorable for wheat and maize.—
ten years of age, were surprised by
This town was first settled by Jona party of Indians.
Carr attempted
athan, John M. and WilHam
Cor- to escape, and was shot down.
Bunliss, in 1769.
A
Grafton co.
small part of Newfound lake lies in this town. Alexandria is 30 miles N. W. from
Concord, and 40 S. E. from Haverhill.
Population, 1830, 1,0S3.
In-
tin
Alfred, Mc.
and his son, making no
resist-
ance, were not harmed; but taken
through the wilderness to Canada,
One of the shire towns of York and
sold to a French trader at Montcounty.
It lies 24 miles N. from
real ; with whom they remained
York, 35 S. from Portland and 86
about eleven months, escaped, and
S. W. from Augusta.
Incorpora- fortunately reached home
in safety.
ted, 1808.
Population, 1837, 1,360. Andrew,
the son, continued on his
This is a good farming town and is
father's farm until the commence-
�—
NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
Alton, N. H.
ment
of the revolution, when, entering the service of his country,
he died in her defence at White
Plains, Oct. 28, 1776,
Incorporated
July 2, 1831. Population, 1830, 421.
Alna, Me.
This town lies 22
N. E. from Concord, and 25
Strafford co.
miles
N. W, from Dover, and is bounded
N. by Winnepisiogee lake and bay.
The town is rough and uneven the
;
hard and rocky, but productive
when well cultivated. The growth
of wood is chiefly oak, beech, maple
and pine. The principal elevations
are Mount-Major and Prospect Hill
Merrymeeting bay extends S. about
1800 rods into this town, where it
receives the waters of Merrymeeting river.
Half-moon pond, between Alton and Barnstead, is 300
rods long and 150 wide.
This town
soil
This town
is
situated in the coun-
10 miles N. from
Wiscasset, 54 N. E. from Portland,
and 20 S. S. E. from Augusta. Incorporated 1794.
Population, 1837,
This is a pleasant town and
1,138.
well watered by Sheepscot river.
ty of Lincoln,
Alstead, N. H.,
Cheshire co., is 12 miles S. E.
from Charlestown,14 N.from Keene was originally called JVeia Durand 50 W. by S. from Concord. ham Gore, and was settled
in 1770,
This town is well watered by small by Jacob Chamberlain and others.
streams.
Cold river passes through It was incorporated Jan.
15, 1796.
the N. W. part; and some of the Population
in 1830, 1,993.
This
branches of Ashuelot river have town has 2000 sheep.
their sources in this town.
There
Aiiieslbury, Mass.
are a number of ponds, the princiThis town is situated on the
pal of which is Warren's pond
length, 250 rods, breadth, 150. side of Merrimack river, in the
Perch and pickerel are here caught county of Essex, 40 miles N. E.
in great abundance.
The soil is from Boston, 6 N. W. from Newstrong and productive, and the farms bvu-yport, and 7 N. E. from Havergenerally well cultivated.
Manu- hill. Population, 1837, 2,567. It
factures flourish in this town, and was taken from Salisbury in 1668,
great attention is paid to education. and is separated from it by Powow
Alstead was originally called New- river, a navigable stream for vessels
pond, covering
ton, and was granted by charter, of 300 tons.
August 6, 1763, to Samuel Chase about 1000 acres, back of the town,
and 69 others. General Amos Shep- 90 feet above the sea, serves as a
ard, who was for many years a reservoir for a constant and extenmember of the General Court of sive water power. The manufacthis state, and President of the Sen- ture of flannel and satinet is very
ate from 1797 to 1804, resided in extensively pursued.
The amount
this town, and was one of its prin- of those articles manufactured in
cipal inhabitants from 1777 to the the year ending April 1, 1837, was
time of his death, Jan. 1, 1812. By $425,000. Many vessels are built
his persevering industry, his econ- here of superior timber, and the
omy and correctness in business, manufacture of boots, shoes, leathand at the same time, by a rigid ad- er, chairs, phaetons, gigs, and carherence to uprightness and integri- ryalls is very considerable.
The
ty in his dealings with his fellow total amount of the various manumen, he acquired a handsome for- factures of this place is about $500,tune, and was in many things, a 000 annually. About half the poppattern worthy of imitation.
Pop- vilation of the town is engaged in
ulation in 1830, 1,552.
This town mechanical labor. Josiah Bartlett,
has 6000 sheep.
M. D. one of the signers of the
N
;
A
�—
NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
declaration of independence
born here, ia 1729. He died
19, 1795.
Amberst,
was
May
!EIe.
Hancock co. This town is hounded on the S. by Mariaville. The
head waters of Union river pass
through it. It Ues about 25 miles E.
Population, 1837, 198.
of Bangor.
was 120, of whom a considnumber belonged to Salem,
Mass. The town was incorporated
prietors
erable
Jan. 18, 1760, when it assumed the
name of Amherst, in compliment to
Among
Lord Jeffrey Amherst.
the worthy citizens of Amherst
deserve remembrance, may be
mentioned Hon. Moses Nichols, a
native of Reading, Mass., who was
a colonel under Gen. Stark in the
Amlierst, X. H.
Battle of Bennington: Hon. Samuel
An important town, and the seat Dana, a native of Brighton, Mass.
William Gordon, eminent
of justice in Hillsborough county, Hon.
It in the
profession of the law.
is situated on Souhegan river.
is 23 miles S. from Concord, about
Hon. Robert Means, who died Jan.
the same distance from Hopkinron, 24, 1823, at the age of SO, was for
47 N. W. from Boston, 40 E. from a long period of time a resident in
Keene, 60 S. E. from Windsor, Vt. Amherst. He was a native of IreIn 1764, he came to this
and 4S4 from Washington. Souhe- land.
gan is a considerable and very im- country, where by his industry and
portant stream, and in its course application to business, he acquired
to the IMerrimack river from this a large property, and great respect.
Amherst did its duty manfully
town, affords some of the finest waBab- during the revolutionary contest.
ter privileges in the county.
boosuck, Little Babboosuck and Jo During the farst four years of that
English ponds are the largest col- war about one in seventy of its
In some parts, people died in the service. The
lections of water.
and particularly on Souhegan river, expenses of that war, to this town,
the soil is of an excellent quality, " in addition of any bounties, travel
producing abundant crops. In oth- or wages given or promised by the
er parts, on the hills elevated above State or the United States, was
the village, the soil is of a good found to he in specie, £3,511."
quality, and several valuable farms Population, 1830, 1,657.
are found under good cultivation.
Anilierst, Mass.
The village is pleasant and contains
Hampshire co. The college and
many handsome buildings. There
village in this town are on elevated
is a spacious common between the
two principal rows of houses, which ground and command a very beautiful prospect of the surrounding
is often used for public purposes.
There is what is termed a mineral country. Amherst was taken from
spring, about 1 1-2 miles E. of the Hadley, and incorporated in 1759.
The water has Population, 1837, 2,602. It lies 7
meeting house.
been found useful in rheumatic miles E. by N. from Northampton,
complaints, and in scrofulous and 108 S. from Dartmouth college, and
scorbutic habits; for poisons by ivy, 82 miles W. from Boston. There are
This town was good mill sites in this town on two
dog-wood, &.C.
granted in 1733, by Massachusetts, streams, which empty into the ConIts manufacto those persons living and the heirs necticut at Hadley.
of those not living, who were offi- tures are various, consisting of
cers and soldiers in the Narragan- woollen cloth, boots, shoes, leather,
set
war of
l.')75.
It
was
called A^ar-
raganset ^V(9.3, and afterv/ards Souhegan- IVest. The number of pro-
who
hats,
paper, chairs, cabinet
\vp.rc,
ware, axes, ploughs, palm-.'o::f
hats, carriages, wagons, (large and
tin
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
1-2 miles from the Notch of the
White Mountains, where the de
scent is 50 feet, cut through a mass
small) joiners' planes, stoves, steel
pistols, and bowie knives.
Total annual amount of manufacSee jRe^tures, about $200,000.
6
ister.
Amoskeag Falls t& Village, 'N. H.
hammers,
Amity, Me.
Wasliington co.
Township No.
10, first range of townships from the
east line of the state,
about 100
Incormiles N. E. from Bangor.
porated 1836.
Population, 1S37,
130.
This town has fine soil for
wheat.
of stratified granite.
These falls are in the Merrimack
between Goffstown on the
river;
W. and
IManchestcr on the E. The
of the river, within the
distance cf half a mile, is 54 feet,
producing a great hydraulic powcompany, with a large caper.
ital, have commenced forming canals and erecting buildings for manAiiioiioosii.ck. !RivcrS; N. H.
ufacturing purposes on a very exUpper and Lower. The Upper tensive scale. Their plan provides
Amonoosuck rises in the ungranted for 37 mills, each containing 6000
Two canals, 2 factories,
lan-ds north of the White Mountains, spindles.
and passing N. E. into Dummer, a number of dwelling houses, maapproaches to within a few miles of chine shops, &c. are now nearly
the Androscoggin; thence turn- completed. The canals are each a
ing abruptly to the S. W. it pursues mile in length, and will, when comthat direction and falls into Connec- pleted, be equal to any works of the
The village
ticut river near the centre of North- kind in our country.
Its whole length is is in Gofl'stown, 16 miles below Conumberland.
about 50 miles. The valley of the cord and 18 miles above Nashua ;
Upper Amonoosuck is 7 or S miles delightfully situated on the banks
Amoskeag
in breadth, and more than 20 in of these majestic falls.
length it is scooped out with great is already a place of considerable
beauty, the surface gently rising to business, and must eventually bethe summits of the mountains on come the mart of large manufacThe vicinity of
the N. The Lower Amonoosuck turing operations.
rises on the W. side of the White these falls was much fiequented by
—
whole
fall
A
:
Mountains, and
after
running a
course of 50 miles, falls into the
Connecticut just above Haverhill,
by a mouth 100 yards wide. At
the distance of two miles from its
mouth, it receives the Wild Amonoosuck, a stream 40 yards wide,
and, when raised by freshets, very
swift
and
furious in
of the
The waters
its
course.
Amonoosuck
pure, and its bed clean; the
current lively, and in some places
rapid.
The valley of the Lower
Amonoosuck is about half a mile
in width, and was probably once
the bed of a lake, its S. W. limit
being the rise of ground at its foot,
over which the waters descended
in their course to the Connecticut.
There is a fine fall in this river about
are
The Sachem Wonothe Indians.
The tribe unlanset resided here.
der him was sometimes molested by
the Mohawks, who carried terror
to the hearts of all the eastern InIn time of war between
dians.
these hostile tribes, the Indians living in the neighborhood of the falls,
concealed their provisions in the
large cavities of the rocks on the
island in the middle of the upper
They entertained
part of the fall.
an idea that their deity had cut out
these cavities for that purpose.
Aiidovcr, Me.
Oxford
CO.
This town was incor-
Population, 1837,
porated in 1804.
551.
It lies about 30 miles N. W.
from Paris, 61 >V. N. W. from Au-
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
gusta, and 70 N. W. from Portland.
It is finely watered by Ellis' river, a
branch of the Androscoggin. This
town is an extensive glebe of upland and intervale of excellent
quality, surrounded by White Cap,
Bald Pate, Blue and Cone mountains.
by
The town was
first
settled
industrious and intelligent farm-
Essex county, Mass., in
1790, and most of its present population maintain the characteristics
of their fathers.
ers from
Audover,
IV. II.
Merrimack co. It lies 20 miles
N. W. from Concord, and about 18
PopulaE. by N. from Newport.
The Blackwa-
Sept., 5, 1772; settled in Andover
in 1796; died Jan. 10, 1818.
possessed respectable poetical tal-
He
ents; was a writer on political subjects in the public papers, and was
eminent in his profession. Jonathan
^\'eare, Esq., a civil magistrate,
highly respected for his integrity,
died in 1816.
Mr. Joseph Noyes
was much honored for his charitable
disposition.
In 1782 a congregational church was formed and the
Rev. Jos.siah Babcock, of Milton,
Andover,
Mass., was ordained.
is well adapted for
grazing. It feeds about 4,000 bheep.
though rough,
Andover, Vt.
Emigrants from Enmade a permanent
stream
but nu- settlement in this town, in 1776. It
is the principal
merous rills and brooks find their was organized, as a town, in 1781.
way down the hills into the ponds It is a mountainous township. MarkThere are six hum and Terrible mountains lie in
or Blackwater.
ponds in Andover, the largest of the western part. The land is unewhich are Chance and Loon ponds, ven, the soil is hard, and the town
both picturesque, and their wa- possesses but few water privileges.
ters pure.
The surface of this Population, 1830, 975. It lies 20
town is extremely uneven, and miles S. W. from Windsor 37 N.
in some parts rocky and barren. E. from Bennington, and 68 S. from
The Ragged Mountains pass along Montpelicr. The number of sheep
the N., and the Kearsarge extends in this town is about 4,500.
tion, 1830,
1,324.
ter in the S.
W.
part of the town,
Windsor
field,
co.
Ct., first
;
,
ba5e along the W.
The soil is
parts of good quality, and
pleasant villages are formed in diferent parts of the town.
This town
was granted in 1746, and was called
JVcw Breton, in honor of the captors
of Cape Breton in 1745; in which
expedition several of the grantees
It retained this
were engaged.
name until June 2.5, 1779, when it
was incorporated by its present
name. The first inhabitant of Andover was Joseph Fellows, who movhe died
ed into the place in 1761
March 14, 1811, aged 84. Among
the deceased citizens who are remembered with respect by the inhal)itants, we may mention Dr. Silas
Barnard, the first phj'sician in town,
a native of Bolton, Mass., who died
June 25, 1795 Dr. Jacob B. Moore,
its
in
Andover, Mass.
many
:
:
a native of
Georgetown, Me., born
This town lies on the
south side of the Merrimack river,
and is well watered by the Shaw-
Essex
CO.
sheen river; and by Great Pond
and Haggett's Pond, covering an
area of 721 acres.
It is 20 miles
N. by. W. of Boston, 15 N. N. W.
of Salem, 10 E. of Lowell, and 43
This
S. S. E. of Concord, N. H.
town was first settled in 1643. Incorporated, 1646. Population, 1837,
This town has a valuable
4,878.
water pov.er, which is used for
manufactuiing purposes to a great
extent.
The value of its manufactures, for the year ending April 1,
1837, amounted to ,$624,450. They
consisted of woollen goods, boots,
shoes, leather, flax, soapstone, machinery, tin and cabinet wares.
�•
NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
This is a very
chairs and hats.
beautiful town of fine soil and unIt is on
der excellent cultivation.
high ground and commands a variThe
ety of beautiful landscape.
access to Andover from Boston by
the railroad, is easy and very pleasThis town has long been celant.
ebrated for its literary and theologiThere is no place
cal institutions.
England better situated
in
See
for seminaries of learning.
Hegister.
New
Androscoggin Hiver,
Its most northerly branch is the Margallaway
river which receives the waters of
Dead and Diamond riverSjand unites
with those flowing from Umbagog
lake, about a mile distant from its
From this junction, the
outlet.
confluent stream pursues a southerly course till it approaches near the
White Mountains, where it receives
several considerable tributaries, and
passes into Maine,N. of Mount MoIt there bends to the E. and
riah.
S. E. ; in which course, through a
fertile country, it passes near the
sea-coast, and turning N. runs over
falls at Brunswick, not far
the
from Bowdoin College, into Merrymeeting bay, forming a junction
with the Kennebec, 20 miles from
the sea.
Or Ameriscoggin.
Ann, Cape, Mass.
See Gloucester, Mass.
Anson, Me.
Somerset co. Anson lies about
10 miles N. E. from Norridgewock,
112 W. from Portland, and 40 N.
Incorporated,
E. from Augusta.
Population, 1837, 1,894.
1798.
It
lies at the junction of Seven Mile
Brook with the Kennebec, on the
western side of that river.
Here
are fine farms and good husbandmen. In 1837, 12,713 bushels of
wheat was
raised.
co.
It is
S.
W.
from Concord, and 67 from Boston.
The E. part of Antrim lies on Contoocook river; and though somewhat hilly, is a tract of productive
land, a considerable proportion of
On the river
which is arable.
there are valuable tracts of alluvial land. The North Branch river,
so called, a small stream originating from several ponds in Stoddard,
furnishes several valuable mill seats
and in some parts of its course, it
is bordered by tracts of intervale.
The W. part of the town is mountainous, but suitable for grass, and
affords an extensive range of good
pasturage.
There are six natural
ponds well stored with perch and
curiosity has been dispike.
covered in the middle branch of
Contoocook river, a rock, about 10
feet long and 8 feet wide, covered
with a shallow coat of moss, affording sustenance to 21 different kinds
of plants and shrubs, three of which
produce edible fruit. Antrim was
incorporated March 22, 1777. The
A
first settlement was made by Dea.
James Aiken about the year 1768.
Dea. Aiken was a native of Londonderry, where he was born in
17S1.
He died July 27, 1817. He
a professor of the christian religion more than 60 years, and
adorned it by a serious and exemplary life. Population, 1830, 1,309.
Antrim has about 4,400 sheep.
was
Appleton, Me.
Waldo
CO.
This town
lies
20
miles S. W. from Belfast, 84 N. W.
from Portland, and 35 E. by S. from
Incorporated, 1829.
Augusta.
It is situaPopulation, 1837, 839.
ted between the head waters of
the Muscongus and St. George's
rivers. Considerable wheat is grown
here.
—
Argyle, Me.
This is a new
Penobscot co.
town, but fertile, and flourishing
Antrim, N. H.
Hillsborough
N. W. from Amherst, 30
20 miles
in its agricultural pursuits.
It pro-
�—
—
NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
3,320 feet above the level of the
sea.
It consists of granite and is
nearly destitute of vegetable cov;
From Windsor, to the base,
ering.
ArLuigton, Vt.
Its ascent is generally
is 4 miles.
Bennington co. This town was steep, but travellers who delight
The time of to view rich and variegated scenefirst settled in 1763.
ry, will be amply rewarded for the
its organization is not known, as one
Bisco, a tory, the town clerk in toil of a pilgrimage to its summit.
It lies
duces the best of wheat.
89 miles N. E, from Augusta.
Population, 1S30, 326 in 1837, 601.
1777, destroyed the records.
Jt is
watered by Green river. Mill
and Warm brooks, and Roaring
branch which fall into the Battenkill, at the north part of the town.
AslilburuUaui, Mass.
finely
These streams
afford excellent mill
and on their banks are large
sites,
bodies of
superior
meadow
land.
West and Red mountains extend
This township
Tileston and
others of Dorchester, for services
in an expedition against Canada, in
For many years it
the year 1690.
was called " Dorchester Canada."
Worcester
was granted
It
co.
to
Thomas
was incorporated
as a
town in
Ashburnham lies on the
through the west part of the town 1765.
and supply a great variety of good height of land between the ConExcellent marble is found necticut and Merrimack rivers. It
timber.
considerable quantities of is watered by large ponds which
here
which are wrought and transported. furnish good mill seats. Its manuHere is a medicinal spring, and a factures consist of cotton goods,
cavern of large dimensions. The boots, shoes, leather, chairs, cabinspring is not of much note, but the et ware, fur and palm-leaf hats ; the
cavern is a great curiosity. This annual value of which is about
$100,000. This town is 30 miles
is a flourishing town in both its agricultural and manufacturing pur- N. from Worcester, 50 N. W. from
The number of sheep in Boston, and 35 W. from Lowell.
suits.
;
—
town in 1836, was 10,077. It
15 miles N. from Bennington,
106 S. W. from Montpelier, and 40
N. E. from Troy, N. Y. Population, 1830, 1,207.
this
Population, 1837, 1,758.
lies
Axoostook River.
This river rises in the interior
part of Penobscot county, Me., and
after traversing more than 100 miles,
and receiving many and powerful
tributaries in that state,
the river St. Johns in
it falls
into
Aslil>y,
Concord, 42 W. N. W. from Boston
and 8 S. E. from New Ipswich, N.
H. Population, 1837, 1,201. It has
some manufactures of palm-leaf hats
boots, shoes, chairs, wooden ware,
and curled hair.
New
Brunswick. The lands on this river and
its branches are very fertile, and are
said to be equal to the celebrated
Genesee lands
for the
culture of
AscTitiiey
Aslifield,
Moimtain, "Vt.
This mountain is situated in the
towns of Windsor ?nd Weathersfield.
It is 3,116 feet above the
Connecticut river, at Windsor \ and
Mass.
This town was
Franklin co.
settled in 1754, and, until
its
first
incorcalled
1764, it was
Population, 1837,
1,656. This town is on elevated land
between Deerfield and Westfield
rivers, to each of which it sends a
It has small mansmall tributary.
ufactures of leather, scythe snaiths,
spirits
and essences, and about
poration,
in
Huntslown.
wheat.
Mass.
a pleasant town, in the
This
county of Middlesex, on the line of
N. H. It is 25 miles N. W\ from
is
�NEW ENGLAND
It is 105 miles W. from
Boston, 12 S. ^Y. IVom Greeniicld,
and 15 N. W. from Northampton.
8000 sheep.
AsJiforcl, Ct.
Windham
co.
first settled in
ington termed him, in a general order after his death, "the gallant and
brave Col, Knowlton, who would
have been an honor to any coun.
try,"
This town was
Incorporated,
watered hy several
Asliiielot liiver,
1710.
1714.
It is
small streams which afford a water
power for one cotton and three
woollen factories. The surface of
the town is rough and stony, hut
excellent for grazing. The number of sheep in this town is about
5,000.
It lies 31 miles E. from
Hartford, and 14 N. W. from Brooklyn.
Population, 1S30, 2,GG0. The
following is said to have occurred in
this town, and is told to illustrate the
manners and customs of ancient
*'
concourse of people
times.
were assembled on the hill in front
of the meeting house, to witness
the punishment of a man who had
been convicted of neglecting to go
to meeting on the Sabbath for a peAccording
riod of three months.
to the existing law for such delinquency, the culprit was to be pubJust as
licly whipped at the post.
the whip was about to be applied,
a stranger on horseback appeared,
rode up to the crowd of spectators,
A
and enquired
GAZETTEER.
for
what purpose they
Jf. II.,
Or Ashwillet, a river in Cheshcounty, which has its source in
a pond in Washington.
It runs in
ire
a southerly course through
Marlow
Keene, where it reconsiderable branch issu-
and Gilsum,
to
ceives a
ing from ponds in Stoddard,
From
Keene it proceeds to Swanzey,
where it receives another considerable branch which originates in Jaffrey and Fitzwilliam,
It pursues
course southerly and westerly
through Yvlnchcster into Hinsdale,
where, at the distance of about 3
miles from the S. line of the state,
it empties into the Connecticut.
its
Assabet River, Mass.
This river rises in the neighborhood of Westborough
it passes
through Marlborough, Northborough and Stow, and joins Sudbury
river at Concord.
;
—
Alliens, Me.
Somerset
co.
This town was
incorporated in 1803.
Population,
1837, 1,424.
It is about 18 miles
N. N. E. from Norridgewock, 114
N. N. E. from Portland and 45 N.
were assembled. Being informed
of the state of the case, the strange
gentleman rose upright in his stirIt is watered by a
rups, and with emphasis addressed from Augusta.
the astonished multitude as follows
tributary of Kennebec river.
' You
men of Ashford, serve God
Atliens Vt.
as if the D...1 was in you
Do you
think you can whijj the grace of
Windham co. This town lies 14
God into men ? Christ will have miles N. from Newfane, 98 S. from
none but volunteers,' The people Monlpelier, 10 W. from Bellows'
stared, while the speaker, probably Falls, and about 40 N. E. from BenPopulation, 1830, 415.
not caring to be arraigned for con- nington,
tempt of court, put spurs to his This town was first settled in 1780,
horse, and was soon out of sight; by people from Rindge, N. H., and
nor was he evermore seen or heard Winchendon, Mass. They encoun" The snow
of by the good people of Ashford." tered great hardships.
Col. Thomas Knowlton was a na- was four feet deep when they came
tive of this tov/n.
He was at the into town, and they had to beat
battle of Bunker Hill, and fell at their own path for 8 miles through
small yoke of oxen
Heerlem Heights, in 1776. Wash- the woods.
:
!
A
/
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
were
the
only domestic animals
This
that they took with them."
is a good township of land, particularly for grazing. It has 2000 sheep.
Here are productive orchards, pine
timber, and a small mill stream.
Athol; Mass.
Worcester
The Indian name
co.
This
of this town was Paquoig.
pleasant place lies 60 miles W. N.
W. from Boston, 28 N. W, from
Worcester, and about 24 W. from
Fitchburg. Miller's river is a fine
stream, and affords Athol a great
water power.
The manufactures
of Athol consist of cotton goods,
hoots, shoes, leather, paper, iron
castings, scythes, ploughs, cabinet
ware, machinery, straw bonnets,
palm leaf hats, shoe pegs, harnesses,
shoe and hat boxes, pails, sashes,
annual amount
doors and blinds
about $175,000. Incorporated, 1762.
Population, 1837, 1,603.
;
—
Atldnson, Me.
Piscataquis co.
and served as chaplain in
the regiment under Col. Poor, stationed at Winter-Hill.
TllU academy in this town is one of the oldest
and most respectable institutions in
the state ; it was incorporated Feb.
" In a large meadow in
17, 1791.
this town, there is an island, containing 7 or 8 acres, which was formerly loaded with valuable pine
timber and other forest wood. When
the meadow is overflowed, by means
of an artificial dam, this island rises
in the same degree as the water
lution,
rises,
which
is
sometimes
six feet.
Near
the middle of this island, is a
small pond, which has been gradually lessening ever since it vva.s first
known, and is now almost covered
with verdure. In the water of this
pond, there have been fish in plenty ; Vviiich, when the meadow hath
been flowed, have appeared there,
and when the Avater hath been
drawn off, have been left on the
meadow at which time the island
settles to its usual place."
Population, 1830, 555.
;
This township
was incorporated in 1819. It lies
Attlelioi'ovigli, Mass.
about 35 miles N, N. W. from Bangor, 132 N. E. from Portland, and
This town lies at the N. W. cor79 N. E. from Augusta. Popula- ner of the county of Bristol
12
tion, 1837, 557.
It is bounded on miles N. from Providence, R. I., 8
the N. by Piscataquis river.
This N. W. from Taunton, and 28 S.
town has a fifood soil. Wheat crop, from Boston.
A branch of the
1-^37, 5,16S^bushels.
Pawtucket rises here, and several
;
Atl^Lnsou, N. H.
Rockingham
co.
It
is
situated
80 miles S. W. from Portsmouth,
and 32 S. E. from Concord. The
surface of Atkinson is uneven the
soil of a superior quality, and well
;
The cultivation of the
apple has received much attention
here, and the finest fruit is produced. Incorporated Sept. 3, 1767,
by its present name, in honor of
Theodore Atkinson.
Several of
the first settlers lived to a great age.
The Rev. Stephen Peabocly was the
first settled minister in Atkinson.
He was a native of Andover, Mass.
He took an active part in the revocultivated.
other rivers pass through the town.
It possesses a fine water power.
It
was first settled, 1644, and incorporated in 1694.
Population, 1837,
2,396.
The value of the manufactures at this place, for the year
ending April 1, 1837, amounted to
about^ $500,000.
That of cotton
goods alone to $229,571. The other manufactures consisted of boots,
shoes, leather, metal buttons, combs
jewelry, clocks, planing machines,
carpenter's tools, straw bonnets,
chairs and cabinet ware. This town
suffered much during the reign of
the celebrated Indian King Philip.
In 1675, Attleborough was a. frontier settlement.
�—
a
NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
AwTjiirn, Mass.
Worcester
co.
town had been
Until
must pass
1837, this
Ward,
called
in
hon-
or of General Ward, of the revoluIt was incorporated
tionary army.
Population, 1837, 1,183.
in 1778.
Auburn is a pleasant agricultural
town. French river passes through
it.
It lies 5 miles S. by W. from
W.
Worcester, and 45
S.
W.
from
Boston.
;
;
;
;
tained 6,300 inhabitants.
Its Indian name w^as Cushnoe.
There
was, in its early settlement, a fort,
and four block houses built of timber, to afford protection to the inhabitants from the Indians, who
were then very troublesome. The
was
is still
Fort Western, and
standing on the east bank of
passage
The Kennebec bridge,
uniting the
river to a level surface ; it is well
laid out, neatly built, and contains
many handsome dwelling
houses.
of the streets are decorated
—
trees, planted on each side ;
striking evidence of the good taste
of the inhabitants.
The State House is a spacious and
elegant structure, located upon a
beaviliful eminence about half a
mile from the village, on the road
towards Hallowell, and commands
an extensive and very delightful
prospect.
It is built of hammered
granite, or rather gneiss of a white
color,
and
very
much resembles
The materiof which it was built, was quarried from the spot on which it stands.
It has a spacious hall for the Representatives ; two of convenient size
for the Senate and the Executive
Departments, and rooms for all the
marble,
at a distance.
al
offices
immediately connected with
the Government.
In front is an extensive commor? 5 adorned with trees
tastefully arranged, which, when
grown into shades, will afford a delightful
promenade.
called
the river, and is
dwelling house.
now occupied
as a
This is already a
town, not only in
its agricultural pursuits, but in its
commerce and manufactures. The
tonnage of the place is about 3000
very
its
by
This delightful town, the Capital of the state, and chief town
of the county of Kennebec, is in
N. Lat. 44° 18' 43" and W. Lon.
69° 50'.
It lies 146 miles N. E.
from Concord, N. H.; 182 E. N. E.
from Montpelier, Vt. 163 N. N. E.
from Boston, Mass. 203 N. N. E.
from Providence, R. I. 260 N. E.
from Hartford, Ct. and 595 miles
N. E. from Washington. Augusta is
situated at the head of sloop navigation on Kennebec river, 43 miles
from the sea.
The town lies on
both sides of the Kennebec, and
contains an area of 8 by 6 miles.
It was first settled in 1771, and incorporated in 1797. In 1836 it con-
fort
on
east and west parts of the town is
a fine structure.
It was built in
1799; is 520 feet in length, and
The town rises by
cost $28,000.
an easy ascent on both sides of the
Many
Angiista, Me.
this place
market.
to
flourisliing
The
United
States''
Arsenal
buildings are situated upon the east
bank of the
river, in viev/ of the village, and are chiefly constructed of
stone, and present a very fine ap-
The Government has
expended large sums of money in
pearance.
Its exports are lumber of all their construction, and it is expectkinds, oats, peas, beans, hay, pota- ed that soon the Government will
toes,
wool, cider, apples, &,c.
make it an Arsenal of ConstrucWhen the extent and resources of tion. There are at present about
the noble Kennebec and its tributa- 2000 stand of arms deposited here,
ries, above tide water, are considbesides cannon and other munitions
ered, some idea may be formed of of war.
The Post is commanded by
the vast quantity of lumber that a captain of the Ordnance Depart-
tons.
�NEW ENGLAND
ment, aided by a Lieut, of the same
GAZETTEER.
new era is opened to AuThe mighty waters of the
Kennebec have been arrested in
But
a
gusta.
corps.
The State Insane Hospital. This their course. That proud stream,
splendid granite edifice, an honor
which, for ages, has rolled its rapid
to the state and to humanity, occucurrent to the ocean, unimpeded by
pies a plat of elevated ground, of
the devices of man, is destined for
seventy acres, on the east side of
ages to come, to pay perpetual
Its situation is unrivalthe river.
homage to Yankee perseverance
ed for the beauty of its scenery.
and skill, and to lend its gigantic
This building was commenced in
strength to aid the arts and sciences
1836, and will probably be completin supplying the wants of millions.
ed and prepared to receive patients,
We may perhaps, be suspected of
in 1S39.
It will cost the state, and
partiality towards this lovely Vilgome beneficent individuals, who
lage of the East, for giving it so exhave made liberal donations towards
but, as accounts
tended a notice
its erection, about $100,000.
It is
of works of great public utility are
of the model of the Lunatic Hosinteresting to most of our readers,
pital at Worcester, Mass., and is
both duty and inclination prompt us
much admired for its external arch- to give a brief desciiption of the
itecture and internal arrangement.
Keivivebec Dam; a magnificent
The centre building and wings are structure; bold in its design curilong the centre building
262 feet
ous in its workmanship, and probis 82 feet in length, 46 feet wide, 4
ably unrivaled by any work of simstories high, besides the basement
ilar character and for'similar purand attic, having a chapel in the attic
poses, in this or an\^ other country.
80 by 40.
The wings are 90 feet
Although Augusta enjoys the
long in front, and 100 in the rear,
pleasure of seeing this noble enter38 feet wide, and 3 stories high, diprise accomplished within its own
vided into 126 rooms, 120 of which
borders, and by the energy of its
are designed for patients, the reown people yet improvements of
maining 6 for water closets and oththis character are by no means loer purposes, with halls between the
The benefits
cal in (heir effects.
rooms 12 feet wide running the enof this undertaking will be felt, not
each wing, and comtire length of
only in the valley of the Kennebec,
municating with the dining rooms
but throughout the state.
in the centre building.
;
—
—
—
—
;
—
;
The Augusta High
School,
an
elegant brick building, situated upon a beautiful eminence, 2 stories
high, 65 feet long by 50 wide, having a pediment front supported by
doric columns, and contains two
large school rooms, beside a laboratory and four recitation rooms, and
cost about $7,000.
is
The above is a brief sketch of the
prominent features of this beautiful and flourishing town
such as
;
—
has become by the common efof an intelligent and enterprising people, joined to the natural advantages of the place.
it
forts
3
These woi-ks were commenced
1836, by the Kennebec Locks
and Canals Company, and com-
in
pleted in September,
cost
1S37.
was about $300,000.
Tlie
They
are about half a mile above the cenof the A'illage, and were constructed under the supeiintendence
BoARDMA]v,of
of Col.
tre
William
Nashua, N. H., as chief engineer,
from whose report many of the following facts are elicited.
The
length of the
Dam,
exclu-
abutments and
Lock, is 584 feet— the base, 127
the height ^5 feet above orfeet
It is built
dinary high watei mark.
with cribs of timber, bolted and
sive
of the
—
stone
�—
—
NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
trenailed strongly together, and is
filled with ballast, to the very top.
The upper slope is covered with
five inch pine plank, jointed and
perfectly tight ; the lower with live
and three inch hemlock plank.
The crest, terminating at the sluice,
near the middle of the overfall, is
level, and covered entirely with
stone eisfht feet in length, and
strongly secured with iron straps
and bolts. The sluice, sixty feet
in length, is covered in the same
manner, and is about twenty inches
lower than the wings. The walls
Lock are 170 feet in length,
chamber 101 feet by 2S 1-3 feet
of the
its
with a single lift; the
west wall serves as the eastern
abutment of the Dam it is 23 feet
in the clear,
—
including, the guard gates.
The
gates are of great strength, built of
heavy oak timber, and in the most
substantial manner, revolving in
stone coins, with which stone and
sheet-piling is connected, extending
across and 25 feet into each bank,
and driven 10 feet below the bottom
of the Canals.
The walls on the banks of the
river, above and below the Dam,
extending about 500 feet, are of the
same height as the Canal walls,
and 8 feet thick at the base. On
the upper side of the Dam is a
sheet of timber-piling, tongued and
grooved, and either resting on the
bare ledge, or driven as far as they
could be made to penetrate into the
solid bed v/hich covers a portion of
thick at the base, graduated to 25 its surface, and is connected with
at the top.
The head and east wails the piling which passes under and
are of corresponding strength.
acro"<s tbe Lock into the east bank,
Both are built wholly of granite. and also with that which is driven
The face courses hammered, bed in the west bank of the I'iver.
and joint, rabnitted, and laid in ce- Above this, and extending to the
ment, and the rabbit filled with top of the Dam, so as to cover the
cement. The floor of the Lock is entire planking of the upper slope,
constructed of timber fifteen inches is a mass of gravel from 20 to 30
deep, and covered with five inch feet deep.
pine plank, tongued and grooved,
2,500,000 feet of fimber and about
with an additional flooring of five 25 tons of iron have been used in
inch hard wood plank, commencing constructing the Dam, and about
at the head of the Lock and ex- 75,000 tons of ballast have been detending fourteen feet. The main posited in it.
gates of the Lock, and guard gates
The Lock, Piers, River and Mill
of the Canals, are of white oak from walls, with the Canal walls, exthe Chesapeake, and the wicket tending to and including the guard
gates of cast iron.
The large stone gates, contain about 800,000 cubic
piers above the Dam, for the pro- feet of stone.
tection of the Lock and abutments,
During the progress of the work,
are each 30 feet square on the base, and especially while the course of
graduated to 25 feet on the top, and the river was contracted to a space
about 34 feet high, and built of of 17 feet wide by 24 deep (a time
granite, clamped and strapped with peculiarly favorable for forming an
iron.
estimate, and rarely offered in a
The Canals on each side of the stream of this magnitude) repeated
river are 50 feet wide in the clear, observations were made upon the
carrying 10 feet of water from the velocity of the current, and at no
level of the top of the dam.
The time was there found a less quantiwalls are 22 feet high, 7 1-2 feet ty than 2,500 cubic feet per second.
thick at the base, and 5 feet at the It is proper to add that the seasons
top. They are finished as far as, and of 1836 and 1837, were both re-
�—
NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
markable for the small quantity of
water running in all the streams in
this vicinity.
The pond formed by
this
Dam
covers 1200 acres. It is 16 1-2 miles
in length, and its average depth is
16 feet.
Augusta presents advantages
for manufacturing establishments,
equal, if not superior to any in New
England. It is located in the heart
of a large and powerful state, rapidly increasing in population and
wealth
;
surrounded by a
—
at
very low prices.
The
facilities afforded at this
place, for transportation, are of inestimable value to a large manufac-
Cotton and other raw
materials, and manufactured goods,
may be transported by water, to and
from the very doors of the mills.
At no distant period the great eastern railroad from Boston and Portland will pass through this town,
in its course to Bangor.
At this
tiaie, steamboats pass from Augusta to Boston in eleven hours.
November to
July.
Preparations are making for the
erection of buildings for extensive
manufacturing operations.
See Ap.
Aurora, Me.
Hancock
co.
This town
lies
106
miles from Augusta. With a population of only 140, this town produced, in 1S37, among its agricultural products, 855 bushels of wheat.
Avcrill, Vt.
Essex
Canada
CO.
line,
Guildhall.
This town lies on the
about 30 miles N. of
It has several
large
ponds and a branch
river.
'of
Nulhegan
Some
of these waters pass
to the Connecticut, and some to the
river St. Francis. The soil of Averill is cold and broken, with few cultivators.
turing town.
Avon, Me.
Franklin co. Avon lies 35 miles
from Norridgewock, and
50 N. N. W. from Augusta. It
W. by N.
was incorporated
in
1802.
Popu-
watered by
some of the head branches of Sanlation, 1837, 767.
It is
dy river. In 1837, this town produced 3,220 bushels of wheat.
The greatest consideration, however, in regai-d to Augusta, as a
manufacturing town, is its unfailing suppli/ of water.
branch of tb.e Kennebec
surplus power from
inexhaustible
fertile
country, rich in every necessary
agricultural product, and stored with
granite, clay, lumber, lime, iron
ore
every building material ; all
of which are found near the spot,
and
'
Avon,
Ct.
Hartford co.
The main en
fi-om
This town was takFarmington, in 1830. Pop-
ulation, 1,025.
It lies between two
mountainous ridges and has considerable rich level land on the borders of Farmington river.
This is
of water.
On its passage to Augus- a handsome agricultural town and
ta, Dead river. Seven Mile Brook,
possesses some very beautiful scentlie Sandy, Sebasticook, and many
ery.
The view from Monte Video,
other less powerful streams pay their on Talcott mountain, nearly 1000
tribute to it.
Indeed, all the waters feet above the waters of the Conis the outlet
lake, with numerous powerful tributaries, connected
with other lakes or large reservoirs
of an inunense
of the extensive valley of the Kennebec, above the Dam, meet at this
place.
It may be said with safety,
that this place possesses a water
power amply sufficient to drive
200,000 spindles, day and night,
throughout the year; and an almost
necticut,
is
quite
enchanting.
"Wardsworth's Tower," or Monte
Video, is much resorted to by parof pleasure in summer months.
is 6 miles N. from Farmington, and 9 W. N. W. from Hartties
Avon
ford.
�'
NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
Baclielder, Me.
Oxford
This township lies
between two moinUains on the line
of New Hampshire, 20 miles W.
by N. from Paris, and 60 W. from
Augusta.
CO.
Baileyville, Me.
Washington
This town is on
the line of New Brunswick, about
45 miles N. by W. from Machias,
and 80 E. N. E. from Bangor. Inco.
corporated, 1828. Population, 1837,
331.
BaileyviJle is watered on the
E. by the St. Croix, and on the N.
by the outlet of Schoodic lakes.
Baker's River, N. H.
Baker's river, a considerable
stream in Grafton county, is formed of two branches. The N. branch
has its source near Moosehillock
mountain in Coventry.
It runs
southerly through Warren into
Wentvvorth, where it unites with
the S. branch which originates
in
Orange. After the union of these
branches, the river pursues a S. E.
and an easterly course through the
S. part of Rumney and the N.
part
of Plymouth, where it forms a junction with Pemigewaset river
just
above Plymouth village.
It was
on this river, in the township of
ber of ponds, affording fish of various kinds.
Baldwin was incorporated
in
1,133.
1802.
It
is
Population, 1837,
26 miles W. S. W.
froju Portland.
Ealtiniore, Vt.
Windsor co. This town was taken from Cavendish in 1793. Hawk
mountain is the division line. The
soil iswai-m but stony.
1,200 sheep.
An abundance of gneiss and granite
is found here.
It'is 10 miles^N. W.
from Windsor and about 65 S. from
Montpelier. Population, 1830, 179.
Eaiigor, Me.
This
is
the chief town of Penob-
scot county.
It lies in N. lat. 44°
47' 50"., W. long. 6S° 47'.
It lies
66 miles E. N. E. from Augusta,
120 N. E. by E. from Portland, 230
N. E. from Boston, Mass., 115 S.
from Easlport, and 675 N. E. fj-om
Washington. The first settlement
in this place, by the whites,
was
made in the winter of 1769 1770,
In 1772,the Piantation,Kenduskeagj
as it was then called, consisted
of
twelve families. In 1790, the population of Banoor was 169
in 1800
277; in 1810,850; in 1820, 1,221;'
in 1830, 2,868, and in 1837,
9,20l!
This place is situated at the head ol
Rumney, that General Stark was navigation on the
v/est side of Pecaptured by the Indians, on the 28th nobscot
river, 30 miles N. by E.
of April, 1752.
from Belfast bay, 60 to Matawamkeag Point, 120 to Houlton, and
Bakersiield, Vt.,
about 60 miles from the open sea.
Franklin co., lies 30 miles N. E. The compact
part of the population
from Burlington, 38 N. N. W. from reside
on both sides of Kenduskeag
Montpelier, and 15 miles E. from stream,
about 190 yards in width at
St. Albans.
Branches of Missis- its mouth, over which are
three
que river pass through it.
This bridges, and on which, at the foot
town is well timbered with hard of the falls,
about a mile from the
wood the land is warm, but some- city, are
numerous mills.
The
what broken. 4,000 sheep. First bridge across
the Penobscot, 100
settled about 1789.
Population, rods above the mouth of the Ken1830, 1,087.
duskeag, is about 440 yards in
length. It cost $50,000. The basin
Ealdwim, Me.
at and below the mouth of the KenCumberland co.
This town is duskeag, where the shipping
lie
bounded E. by Sebago pond and W. to receive their
cargoes, is 80 rods
by Saco river. It contains a num- in width, and
affords good anchor,
;
J
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
age.
The tide generally rises about
Ship building is extensively pursued at this place
but
commerce in lumber, of all the va17
feet.
;
rious kinds in use, is the principal
occupation of the inhabitants. An
immense amount of that article is
annually rafted down the rivers,
and transported to almost all parts
of the world.
Bangor is the greatest depot for lumber on the continent of America.
On the Penobscot river and its
tributary streams, above Bangor,
are more than 250 saw-mills, capable of cutting at least two hundred
million feet of boards a year; all
of Vv'bich, except what is used in
building, must be shipped at the
harbor of Bangor.
The value of
the boards, timber, clapboards, shingles, oars, scantling, wood, &c.,
shipped at this port, varies from a
million to a million and a half of
dollars, annually.
About 1200 vessels of about 110 tons burthen are
annually employed during the season of navigation, in freighting lumber, timber, &c., to various places.
There are belonging to this place,
about 100 sail of coasting vessels,
50 engaged in foreign commerce,
and 15 or 20 other vessels engaged
in the tisheries.
boats ply to and from Portland and
Boston, during the season of navigation, which generally continues
eight months in the year.
The
great eastern railroad from Boston
will doubtless reach this eastern city
before the lapse of many years.
On the banks of the Penobscot,
within the city, three miles above
the mouth of the Kenduskeag, is
what is called " Fort Hill," the site
of a fortification, supposed to be the
ancient "Negas," destroyed by Captain Heath, with a party of men,
in 1725, who, it is said, " fell on a
village of about 50 Indian houses,
and committed them to the flames.
The Indians becoming alarmed, deserted them."
Bangor is on one of the noblest
rivers in the Northern States ;
the
product of an almost innumerable
number of tributary streams. Na-
—
ture has seated Bangor at the natural outlet of these mightj' waters,
as the mart of one of the most extensive, and one of the richest alluvial basins east of the Ohio valley.
It is true that this section of
country is in a high degree of latitude, and that the icy chains of
winter are felt with greater force
and for a longer period than in more
southern climes. But this seeming
town disadvantage is more than compensated by the unrivalled purity of
two of the inIts government is under a Mayor the air and water,
and seven Aldermen, who consti- dispensable requisitions of health
and twen- and longevit3^ There is probably
tute the upper Board
ty-one Common Council men, who, no portion of counti-y in the world
when they have elected a Presi- where the great staples of wheat,
Bangor was incorporated
in 1791.
In 1S34
it
as a
became
a city.
—
;
dent, constitute the lower Board.
city court sets every Monday.
The site of the city is pleasant,
commanding fine views of the rivers and the adjoining country. The
buildings, both public and private,
are constructed with neatness and
taste, and some in a style of supe-
A
elegance.
Conveyances for
travellers from the city are frequent
and comfortable ; both by land and
water.
railroad is in operation
to Oldtown, 12 miles, and steamrior
A
s'
beef and wool can be produced with
greater
facilitj^
duce can
;
where surplus pro-
market at less expense, or where the industrious agriculturalist can reap a more sur©
When the present popureward.
lation of this immense territory,
find a
extending from tide water to Madawaska, is compared with that of
older settlements of a less fertile
soil, of less navigable facilities, and
in nearly as high a degree of latix
tude, the mind is favorably sti'uck
�—
NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
with the flattering prospects of the
valley of the Penobscot, and with
pleasing anticipations of the prosSee Register.
perity of its city.
Baring, Me.
izens of other towns, similarly situated, and of all toicns, who may
wish more full descriptions of their
i-esources, &c. than we are able, at
present, to give, are also requested
to
Washington co.
This town is
hounded N. by the St. Croix river,
E. by Calais and Robinston, and W.
by a large and beautiful pond which
empties into the
Croix.
Incorporated, 1825.
Population, 1837,
286.
The railroad froni Calais, 4
miles, will soon be completed to
this place.
209 miles N. E. by E.
St.
from Augusta.
Barkliaiifipsteail, Ct.
Litchfield CO.
This town is watered by branches of Farmington
river.
The soil is more particularconsiderable
ly adapted to grazing
beef and the products of the dairy
are sent to market.
It is 26 miles
N. W. from Hartford, and 20 N. N.
Population,
E. from Litchfield.
First settled, 1746.
1830, 1,715.
Incorporated, 1779.
Granite, iron
ore and limestone are found here.
The hilly part of the town presents
:
some
fine scenery.
HitchcockviUe,
north of the centre of the town, is
a flourishing; manufacturina: vi!lag;e,
with great water privileges.
Barnard, Me.
All the knowledge we can obtain
in regard to this town is, that it lies
in the county of Piscataquis, 108
miles from Augusta
that in 1837,
there were 132 people in the town,
and that they raised 444 bushels of
wheat, the same year;- that this
town received ^264 of the surplus
;
—
—
revenue;
forward their communications.
Barnard, Vt.
Windsor
W. Walker
act of the legislature for quarrying
slate, and that Stephen Palmer is,
or was, Postmaster.
Now, the good people of Barnard
are hereby respectfully requested
to give the editor their latitude and
longitude, and other necessary infoiTnatiQii for future editions.
Cit-
First settled, 1774.
Population,
1778.
watered by
Broad Brook which empties into
White river in Sharon and by Locust Creek, which also empties inIt
is
;
to
White river
in Bethel.
On
this
Creek, during the revolutionaiy war,
there was erected a Fort, where
the militia of this and other towns
were stationed as a defence against
Indian depredations they having
surprised and carried to Canada a
—
number
of its first settlers, in 1780.
In the centre of this town is the
village, and a beautiful pond, from
which issues a stieam on which
On this Creek is
there are mills.
an establishment for the manufacThis
ture of starch from potatoes.
stream joins its waters with the
Creek one mile from the pond. The
The
surface of this town is hilly.
soil is well adapted to grazing; and
there are but few towns that turn
otT yearly more cattle, butter and
cheese, sheep and wool. The number of sheep is about 6,000. It lies
10 miles north of Woodstock, and
40 miles south of Monlpelier.
It is stated as a singular fact, that
the firing on Bunker Hill, on the
17th of June, 1775, was distinctly
heard in this tov/n, 130 miles N.
W.
— that in
1837, Augustus
and others, obtained an
co.
Incorporated,
1830, 1,881.
from Charlestown.
Barnet, Vt.
Caledonia co. This town lies on
Connecticut river, at the 15 mile
falls, and opposite to Lyman, N. H.
It has a good soil, and is an excellent farming town, with slate and
iron ore.
It lies 35 milos E. from
Montpolier, 10 S. by E. from Danville, and 65 N. by E. from Windsor.
Population, in 1830, 1,764.
�—
NE\7 ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
Many of
First settled, about 1763.
the inhabitants are of Scotch descent. This town has a great waier
power on Passuaipsic and Stevens'
On
rivers.
the
latter, are falls of
100 feet, in the distance of 10 rods.
This vvater power is improved by
three ilannel and other manufacto-
There area number of pleas-
ries.
ant and
fertile
islands in the river
between this place and Lyman, and
some beautiful ponds in Barnet,
which afford tish of various kinds.
quite a romantic place, and
lies at the head of navigation on
In 183o,
the Connecticut river.
the product of the farms, carried to
market, amounted to $26, 3S1. One
farmer sold 3,000 lbs. of butter, and
There are about
3,000 ibs. of pork.
4,000 sheep in the town.
This
is
Barustal>le County, Mass.
Barnstable is the chief town.
This county was incorporated, 1685.
Population* 1820, 24 046—1330, 23525— and in 1837, 31,109; area,
about 330 square miles. This county includes the whole of Cape Cod,
extending E. and N. into tlie Atlantic ocean, and which Gosnold
discovered in 1602.
It is bounded
N. W. by Plymouth county, and
W. by Buzzard's bay. Cape Cod
lies in the form of an arm, half open
the elbow is at Chatham, 20 miles
the hand, the
E. of Barnstable
wrist inclining inward, is at Race
Point, 23 miles N. by V.'. of ChatThe whole length of the
ham.
Cape is 65 miles, and the average
This count}" is
breadth about 5.
principally diluvium.
Below the
town of Barnstable the county is
quite sandy, so much so that the
people are generally dependant on
Boston and other towns for a large
proportion of their meats and breadThis deticit is amply comstuffs.
pensated by the unrivalled privileges enjoyed, and well improved
by them, in the cod, mackerel and
other fisheries.
This county has
but little wood, but it is well stored
;
;
with peat.
About two
millions of
dollars are invested in the
manufac-
ture of salt.
There were manufactured in this county in the year
ending April 1, 1837, 669,064 bushels of^salt, valued at .$219,870. The
manufactures of cotton and woollen
goods, boots, shoes, iron castings,
glass, cabinet and tin wares, cordage, &c., amounted to $496,602.
There are in this county 370 vessels employed in the whale, cod
and mackerel iisher5\ The tonnage,
24,373 tons. The value of the fishery, in one year previous to April,
Tonnage of
1837, was $557,737.
the District,' 1836, 30,278 tons. "The
annual amount of tonnage of vessels
built is about 1,000 tons; value,
Total annual value of
$63,318.
the fisheries and manufactures, $1,The number of sheep in
337,527.
the county in 1837, was 7,332.
Barnstable county is noted for its
fine sailors and men of superior nau-
The
tical talents.
brated for their
ladies are cele-
fair
and good housewifery
;
complexions
but are pe-
culiarly subject to the vicissitudes
pertaining to a maritime situation.
By a statement recently made, it
appears that there were in this
county nearly a thousand widows
living, who had lost their husbands
by the dangers of the sea. In two
towns, (Harwich and Wellfleet,)
there were 223 widows who had
This
lost their companions.
county has 13 towns and 91 inhabitants to a square mile.
thus
;
Barnstable, Mass.
This
the chief tow^n of Barnand a port of entry.
It is 65 miles from Boston.
Sandy
JVeck, on the N. side, forms a good
harbor for vessels of 8 feet of water.
Hyannis, on the S. side, 6 miles S.
E. of Barnstable C. H., is now a
is
stable county,
good harbor but by an expensive
Breakioater, constructing at that
place by the U. S. government, it
will soon become perfectly safe
fix)m all winds, for all classes of
;
�—
NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
vessels navigating the Sound, and
passing round the Cape. The " Pilgrim Fathers" landed here, Nov.
11, 1620, and borrowed some corn
The
of the Mattacheeset Indians.
celebrated patriot, James Otis, was
born here, Feb. 5, 1725. He died
at Andover, May 23, 178.3.
The
manufacture of salt was commenced
here as early as 1779. It then sold
There were made
for ,$6 a bushel.
27,125 bushels of salt in this town
Between 50 and 60 sail of
in 1837.
fishing and coasting vessels belong
This town has nuto this place.
merous ponds, a considerable water
power, some
fine upland,
and wooden ware, amounted in one
year to $56,562. Pop. 1837, 4,017.
'N.
H.
Belknap co. This town lies 26
miles W. by N. from Dover, 36 N.
W. from Portsmouth, and 20 N. E.
from Concord. Incorporated, 1767.
Population, 1830, 2,047. Barnstead
is not mountainous, but has large
swells of land, good for grazing.
About 2,500 sheep are kept here.
The soil is easy and productive.
There are several ponds in this town
the largest are the two Suncook
ponds, which lie near each other,
Brindle pond, and Half-moon pond,
on Alton line. These waters are
stocked with fish, and are discharged into the Suncook.
Barnstead
was granted May 20, 1727, to the
Rev. Joseph Adams and others.
Settlements commenced in 1767.
—
Barre, Vt.
A
branches of Onion river, which afford
Inexhaustigood mill privileges.
ble quantities of granite are found
here, of the excellent quality with
which the capitol at Montpelier is
built.
This is a great thoroughfare
for travellers, particularly for large
teams from the north to Boston, by
the Gulf road.
A large number of
these noted six and eight horse
teams are owned here. Barre was
first settled in 1788.
Present population, about 2,500.
Barre, Mass.
and ex-
The manutensive salt marshes.
facture of vessels, salt, boots, shoes,
hats, leather, cabinet ware, chairs,
Barzistead,
7,000 sheep are kept here.
It is
well watered by Stevens' and Jail,
pleasant and flourishing town
in Washington county, six miles
S. of Montpelier, and 48 N. by W.
This is considered
of Windsor.
one of the best farming towns in
the state. Large quantities of pot
and pearl ashes, beef, pork, butter
and cheese, are annually taken from
this place to Boston market. About
Worcester
This excellent agis on high land,
and is well watered, particularly by
Ware river, on which are many
mills.
The manufactures of Barre
for the year ending April 1, 1837,
amounted to about '$365,000. The
articles manufactured were woollen
and cotton goods, ($161,600) copper
CO.
ricultural township
pumps,
boots,
shoes, carriages,
leather, paim-leaf hats, ($167,200)
straw bonnets, axes, scythes, and
gunpowder.
Large quantities of
beef, butter, cheese, &c., are an-
nually sent from this town to Boston market.
It was incorporated in
1774.
Population, 1837, 2,713.
It
lies 65 miles W. by S. from Boston,
24 N. by W. from Worcester, and
15 N. E. from Ware. Barre took its
name in honor of Col. Barre, an eloquent friend of America in the
British Parliament.
Earriiigton, N. H.
It lies 20 miles N.
from Portsmouth, 10 W. from
Dover, and 30 E. from Concord.
The surface of Barringlon is somewhat broken and rocky, the soil be-
Strafford co.
W.
ing principally a gravelly loam.
The town is abundantly supplied
with ponds, of which there are no
less than thirteen of considerable
magnitude, from whence issue
streams affording excellent mill
seats.
At one of these mill seats.
�—
NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
on the
perpen-
I«in2;lass river, is a
of 30 feet.
There is,
about two miles from the centre of
the town, a remarkable cavern, or
fissure in a rock, commonly called
the DeviVs den.
The entrance is
on the side of a hill, and is sufficiently large to admit a person in a
stooping posture.
Having entered
5 feet in a horizontal direction,
there is a descent of 4 or 5 feet, on
an angle of 45'-', lai-ge enough only
to admit the bodj- of a middling sizdicular
fall
ed man.
After squeezing through
passage, you enter a chamber
60 feet in length, from 10 to 15 in
height, and from 3 to S in width.
Communicating with this, are several other fissures of equal height,
and from 10 to 15 in length. Barrington was incorporated May 10,
1722, and the settlement commenced in 1732.
Population, 1830,
this
1,895.
BarriiigtoU; R.
Bristol CO.
cord, and 85
N. N. W. from
mouth.
lies
Portsthe foot of the
White Mountains, on the eastern
side.
Its soil is various, and, on the
This
Saco, in some parts, good.
river meanders through the centre
of the town.
Bartlett was incorporated June 16, 1790.
Population,
1830, 644.
Bai'toii, Vt.
by Barton
and by an inlet of Warren river, over which is a bridge.
er's
river,
The
soil
of the
town
is
of
a fertile,
river,
which
rises
in
Glover, and empties into Memphremagog lake.
Here are several
ponds containing good fish. Barton
is a thriving town, with a good hydraulic power, and about 3,000
sheep.
It lies 9 miles S. E. from
Irasburgh, and 40 N. E. from Montpelier. "Population, 1830, 729.
Basin
IIai-1>or,
Vt.
See Ferrishurgh.
about 8 square miles, originally belonged to Massachusetts. It was
attached to Rhode Island in 1746,
and incorporated in 1771.
It is
bounded southerly by Narraganset
bay, and is well watered by Palm-
at
Orleans co.
This town derived
its name from Gen. William Barton,
of R. I., and was first settled in
1796.
The town is well watered
I.
This small town, of
It
Baskaliegau River, Me.
This
i-iver rises in a large lake of
the same name, in the county of
Washington, near the line of New
Brunswick it passes westerly 15 or
20 miles, and falls into the Matawamkeag, a tributary of the Penobscot.
;
sandy loam, and quite productive.
Batli, Me.,
Large quantities of sea-weed are
collected on its shores.
A large In the county of Lincoln, is situtract in Barrington, called " the ated on the west bank of Kennebec
cove," now covered with water to river, 12 miles from the sea, 32 N.
a considerable depth, is supposed to E. of Portland, and 31 S. from Auhave once been a forest, as timber gusta. It is bounded E. by Kenand fuel are obtained from its bot- nebec river, S. by Phipsburg, W.
tom.
Some salt is made in this by New Meadows river and Brunstown, and shell and other fish are wick, and N. by Merry meeting
abundant. Barrington lies 8 miles
E. S. E. from Providence, and
about 7 miles N. by W. fiom Bristol.
Population, 1830, 612.
Bartlett, N. H.,
Coos
45 miles S. E. from
Lancaster, 82 N. N. E. fi-om ConCO., is
Population, in 1830, 3,773;
and in 1837,4,523.
Incorporated, 1780.
An attempt
was made by a missionary to settle
this place, and preach to the fishermen, as early as 1670. But the Inperdians would not permit it.
manent settlement was made in
bav.
in ^^1835, 4,200,
A
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
The
1756.
principal business of
verhill,
Mass.
Population, 1830,
commerce, trade and shipbuilding, for which it is admirably
There belonged to
well located.
1,627.
ships 32''brigs,
51 schooners, and smaller vessels.
Tonnaoe of the distiict of Bath, ineluding the waters of Kennebec
Total
river, in 1S37, 41,728 tons.
number of vessels belonging to the
district of Bath, in 1835, 37 ships, 94
brigs, 195 schooners, 10 sloops, and
This river is about 45 miles in
length. It rises in Dorset, and passing Manchester, Sunderland and
Arlington, it
receives
Roaring
Brook and other tributaries in Vermont; it then passes into the state
of
York, and falls into the
Hudson, three miles below Fort
Miller, and about 35 miles N. from
Bath
is
this port in 1835, 26
1
steam-boat.
Total, 337.
The
harbor of Bath is seldom obstructed
Regular lines of steamby ice.
boats ply between this place and
Portland and Boston, about threefourths
of the year.
Batli, N. H.,
Battenltill River.
New
Albany, N. Y.
Bays and Harbors.
The bays and harbors in
Camp River, N. H.,
formed of several branches rising on the south side of Sandwich
The two
and Albany mountains.
principal branches unite in Ossipee,
and fall into Ossipee lake on its
western border.
Bear
Grafton co., on Connecticut river,
is 32 miles N. of Dartmouth College, 82 N. W. of Concord, and 9
N. of Haverhill. Bath is pleasantly situated in the vale of the Connecticut, between the Green moun-
on the W., and the White
Mountains on the E., by which it is
effectually shielded from high winds
and long storms. The Amonoosuck
Is
tains
river waters the S. E. part, affording many fine mill seats and water
The Amonoosuck has
privileges.
a very convenient fall at the village,
macalculated to accommodate
chinery to any extent. Two mills
for the manufacture of cassimere,
and other machinery, are already
erected. -At the principal village,
(which is very pleasant,) there is a
considerable bridge over the Amonoosuck, of 350 feet in length, built
The soil on the hills is
in 1807.
generally a reddish loam, on a bed
In the valof marl, or hard pan.
leys, it is alluvial. About one-sixth
part of the whole town is intervale
land.
in
Bear River, Me.,
Rises in the highlands, near Umpasses Newry, and
empties into the Androscoggin, opposite to Bethel,
bagog lake,
Beclcet, Mass.,
An elevated farming townsliip
oh the Green mountain range, in
Berkshire county. Westfield, Farmington and Housatonick rivers receive the waters of several ponds in
It has some small manthis town.
ufactures, and about 7,000 sheep.
The town was
agriculture of this
place 5,550. sheep are kept here.
The town was granted, 1761, and
the first settlement was made in
the
:
Ha-
incoiporated in 1765,
and lies 110 miles W. from Boston,
15 E. S. E. from Lenox, and 23 W.
Population,
from Northampton.
1837, 957.
Beddingtoii, Me.
Much improvement has been
made
1765, by John Herriman from
New
England are generally mentioned
under the places pertaining to them.
Washington
co.
There are sev-
ponds in this town, which are
among the head waters of Pleasant
and Narraguagus rivers. Incorpo-
eral
rated, 1833.
Population, 1837, 169.
�NL.V^
ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
35 miles N. W. from Machiand about 40 E. tVom Bangor,
It lies
as,
Bedford,
This
]V.
H.
town
a pleasant
in Hills3 miles N.
S. b> E. from
Concord. Merrimack and Piscataquoag are the only rivers in this
town. The latter passes through
its N. E. corner, where there is the
pleasant and flourishing village of
is
borough county. It
E. from Amherst, 20
is
Piscataquoag. This town has considerable very productive intervale
land.
It has been noted for the
cultivation of hops and for its fine
domestic manufactures. On the W.
line of Bedford, are a remarkable
gulf and precipice, which are objects of curiosity.
considerable
brook passes over the precipice, and
falls about 200 feet within the distance of 100 yards. Here are found
several excavations in solid stone,
which are sufficiently large to contain many persons.
In mineralogy,
this town aifords a great variety of
specimens.
Iron ore is found in
different places, and in several vari-
A
eties.
Sulphuretof
iron,
imbedded
in common granite, and red oxide
of iron, combined with alumine, are
common.
Black lead, pyritous cophornblende, epidote,
talc, mic?i, black, yellow and green
gneiss, crystallized quartz, &c. are
found here. The first child born in
town was Silas Barron, sonof Capt.
.per,
schorl,
Population, 1837, 858.
It lies 15
miles N. \V. from Boston, and 5 N.
E. from Concord. Bedford is bounded N. by Concord river. It has
some manufactures
;
principally of
boots and shoes.
Belcliertoira, Mass.,
A
beautiful
town
in
Hampshire
county, originally called " Cold
Spring," 75 miles W. from Eo.-,ton,
11 E. from Northampton, and 27 E.
from Pittsfield. Population, 1837,
2,593.
First settled, 1732.
Incorporated, 1761.
The soil of the
town is of an excellent quality, and
well improved. Large quantities
of wool are grown in this town.
It
is separated from Ware by Swift
river, on the N.
The principal
manufacture is that of pleasure
wagons, of which about 600 are annually made. Mr. A, Shumway, of
this place, has driven the sta^re be.
•
tween Belchertown and Northampton 25 successive years.
In that
period he made 15,000 trips, travelled 218,400 miles, and carried at
least 124,000 passengers; yet, although his hours of travelling were
early in the morning and late in
the evening, he never broke a limb,
overturned his coach, or met with
any serious accident whatever, during his whole career.
Belfast, Me.,
town of Waldo counMoses Barron, in 1741. The town ty, and a portof entr}% and is beauwas incorporated. May 19, 1750. tifully situated on Belfast bay, on
Bedford was the residence of many the W. side of Penobscot river. It
Indians in former times.
Near lies 40 miles E. from Augusta, SO
Goffe's falls is a spot of ground, S. from Bangor, SO N. from Thomabout ten rods long and four wide,
which is supposed to have been an
Indian burial place.
Population,
1S30, 1,554.
Bedford, Mass.
This is a pleasant town in Middlesex county, and the source of Shawsheen river. This town was formerly parts of Concord and Billerica, and was incorporated in 1729.
Is the chief
aston, and, across Belfast bay, 12
from Castine.
The town was
W.
in-
corporated in 1773, but not permanently settled until about the year
17S5.
There is considerable good
land in Belfast.
In 1837 it produced 3,492 bushels of as good
wheat as ever grew on the prairies
the "boundless West."
The
Paasaggassawakeag river passes
near the centre of the town, and
of
�—
NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
much to
The
the appearance of the
harbor is very good
it is guarded hy Long and Sears'
islands, and has anchorage for a
adds
place.
great
numberof vessels of the
The proximity of
est class.
larg-
Bel-
fast to the sea, its site in relation to
Penobscot river, and its excellent
which was never known to
have been obstructed by ice, but
twice, (1780—1815,) give it peculiar advantages for foreign commerce, the coasting trade, and the
harbor,
fisheries.
Considerable ship building is carj'ied on at this place. The
tonnage of the district of Belfast in
1837, was 29,342 tons. The principal
exports are lumber and fish.
Population, 1810,1,259; 1820, 2,026;
1830, 3,077, and in 1837, about
Belfast, although irregular4,000.
ly built, is a pleasant town, and is
an important winter mart of the
trade of Penobscot river.
Belgrade, Me.
Kennebec
co.
In this town are
of three large and beautiful
ponds or lakes, well stored with tish.
They are connected v^'ith each other, and find an outlet at Waterville.
The scenery on the borders of these
waters is truly delightful.
It produced in 1837, 6,340 bushels of
wheat. Belgrade was incorporated
in 1796.
Population, 1837, 1,4S3.
It lies 10 miles N. W. from Augusta, and 69 N. by E. from Portland.
The village at Belgrade Mills, 6
miles from the centre of the town,
and 16 miles from Augusta, is a
very flourishing place.
parts
Bellaiiay
A
river,
Bank, N.
II.
one branch of which
is-
sues from Chesley's pond, in Barrington, and the other fi-om low and
marshy lands in the vicinity ; these
unite in Madbury, and after meandering through the town, the waters fall into the Piscataqua, on the
W. side of Dover Neck, where the
stream
is
called
Back
river.
Belliiigliam, Mass.
Norfolk CO. The soil of this town
light and sandy, and not very
good for agricultural purposes. It
is finely watered by Charles river,
and has a good hydraulic power.
Its manufactures, consisting of cotton and woollen goods, straw bonnets, boots and shoes, amounted, in
one year, to $127,837. It Hes 18
miles S. W. fiom Dedham, 17 N.
by W. from Providence, R. I., and
28 S. W. from Boston.
Population,
Incorporated, 1719.
1837, 1,159.
Iron ore is found here.
is
Bellows' Falls.
See TValpole, JV. H.
Bclnioiit,
Me.
This tow^n is well watered by the
Paasaggassawakeag, which rises
there in a pond of that name, and
empties at Belfast, about 6 miles N.
It lies 34 miles E. by N. fi-om Augusta.
In 1837, Belmont produced
3,435 bushels of wheat, and considerable wool. Waldo county.
Belvidere, Vt.
Lamoille co.
A mountainous
township on the west side of the
Green ^fountains, 32 miles N. E.
from Burlington, 32 N. from Montpelier, 27 E. by S. from St, Albans,
and watered by branches of Lamoille i-iver.
Incorporated, 1791.
Population, 1830, 185.
Eeiiaiiisgtoii
Bennington
Comity, Vt.
Sim]
the chief towns.
Manchester are
This
is
the oldest
county in Vt., on the west side of
the Gi'een Mountoins.
It is bounded on the north by Rutland county,
on the east by Windham county,
on the south by Berkshire county,
Mass., and on the west by the state
of New York.
It is 39 miles long
and 20 wide.
Area, 610 square
Population, in 1820, 16,125 ;
1830, 17,468. Inhabitants to square
mile, 28
The low lands are excelmiles.
�!
NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
lentjand produce good crops, but the
largest portion of the county is
mountainous, and fit only for grazMany streams rise in the
ing.
mountains and descend to the ocean,
some by the Hudson and some by
the Connecticut, affording a great
hydrauhc power. Lead and iron
ores of good quality are found in
this county, and large quarries of
beautiful white marble.
The number of sheep in this county in 1837
was
69,823.
Beuniiigtoii; Vt.
One
of the chief towns of Ben-
nington county. It lies 120 miles
S. W. by S. from Montpelier, 25 S.
from Manchester, and 30 east from
Troy, N. Y.
Population, 1330,
Present population, about
3,419.
4,200. First settled, ITGl. The town
is situated high above the great rivers and the ocean, yet we find it of
good alluvial soil, delightfully encircled by ever-green mountains. It
abounds in iron ore, manganese,
ochre and marble.
The streams
are numerous and afford excellent
mill sites.
The products of the
soil consist
mon
to
of
New
all
the varieties com-
England.
Great
at-
the rearing of
sheep about 7000 of those useful
animals feed on the hills and valleys.
There are in Bennington, 6 cotton
and 3 woollen factories, a very extensive iron foundry, 2 furnaces, a
tention
is
paid
to
:
paper
mill, flouring mills, &.c.
The
public schools justly sustain an elevated rank. Bennington is finely
On the borlocated for the muses.
der of this town, about 6 miles W.
of the court house, the gallant
Stark, with a small band of " Northern
Yeomen," celebrated for
their bravery, gained an important
victory over the British, August 16,
1777.
The fame of that battle is
as imperishable as the mountains
which overshadov/ the ground.
Shame to the country
there is
not a stone to mark the spot
:
—
Benson,
.Vt.
Rutland co. This town, on Lake
Champlain, was first settled in 1783.
Population, 1830, 1,493.
It lies 75
miles S. W. from Montpelier, 20. W.
N. W. from Rutland, and opposite
to Putnam, N. Y.
The lake at this
place
is
The
about a mile in width.
town has some streams
affording
but none of great importance. The waters are generally
brackish and unpleasant.
stream
issues from a swamp in this town,
and after running a short distance,
passes through the base of a high
hill, a distance of more than half a
Benson has good pine, mamile.
ple, walnut, oak and beech timber,
and a bog of marl resembling fuller's earth.
There are about 14,000
mill sites,
A
sheep in
this
town.
Bci-'kley, Pilass.
Berkley lies 37 miles
from Boston, 18 E. from Providence, and 5 S. from Taunton. Population, in 1837, 873.
Taken from
Dighton in 1735, from which it is
Bristol CO.
S.
separated by Taunton river.
Some
coasting vessels belong to this place,
and some ship building is carried on.
Assonet village, on Taunton river,
at Dighton and
Berkley bridge,
is
the principal place of business.
Berkshire County, Mass.
Lenox is
countv was
the chief town.
incorporated in
This
1770.
Population, 1820,35,666; 1830,37area, 860
825, and in 1837, 39,101
square miles. Bounded N. by Bennington county, Vt., V/. by Rensselaer and Columbia counties, N. Y.,
S. by Litchfield county, Ct., and
E. by Franklin, Hampshire and
Hampden counties. This county
;
is
rough and hilly
but
it
in
many
affords considerable
parts,
very
fine
produces much wool,
all sorts of grain, and exports great
quantities of beef, pork, butter, &c.
The number of sheep in this counBerkshire
ty in 1837, was 136,962.
land,
and
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
is
the most elevated county in the
to
1829, was called Maynesborough.
The Green and Taughkannic The
state.
Mountains
cross
it
from N.
to S.;
the average height of which is about
1,200 feet above the level of the
The Housatonick and Hooits chief rivers.
The former empties into Long Island Sound;
29
the latter into the Hudson
sea.
Androscoggin and Amonoosuck rivers pass through it. It is
about 20 miles E. from Lancaster,
and 125 N. fiom Concord. Population, 1830, 73.
sick are
Berlini, "Vt.
This is a pleasant town in Wash45 inhabitants to a square ington county, watered by Onion and
" This county possesses, in Dog rivers, Stevens' branch, and a
mile.
rich and inexhaustible abundance, number of ponds, furnishing good
three of the most important articles mill sites, and excellent fishing.
of the commerce of the world, Iron, The land is somewhat broken, but,
Marble and Lime, and its wood and of strong soil and good for tillage.
water power are fully sufficient to Considerable manufactures are proenable it to fit them for the pur- duced in this town, and about 6,000
There is a mineral spring
poses of life." The tonnage of this sheep.
county to its marts of trade, princi- here of little note. First settled in
Population, 1830, 1,664.—
pally on the Hudson, amounted, in 1786.
1834, to no less than 34,075 tons. Berlin is bounded N. by MontpeAt the present time it probably ex- lier and E. by Barre.
ceeds 40,000 tons. The enterprize
Berlin, Mass.
of a railroad from Boston to Albany
Worcester co. T'aken from Bolwill soon be accomplished, and canPopulation, 1837,
not fail of being exceedingly benefi- ton, in 1784.
It lies 15 miles N. E. from
cial, not only to this county, but to 724.
Worcester, 31 W. by N. from Bosthe commonwealth at large.
ton, and 7 S. E. from Lancaster.
BerJtslili'e, Vt.
branch of the Assabet affords
Franklin co. Elihu M. Royce, this town good water privileges.
son of Stephen Royce, was the first Large quantities of hops are prosome wool, and some
child born in this town. That event duced here
On Missisque baskets.
occurred in 1793.
and Trout rivers, which water this
Berlin, Ct.
town, is some fine intervale land.
Hartford co. Taken from FarPike river, from Canada, atFords
•Berkshire a great water power. mington, inl785. Population, 1830,
This town lies 11 miles S.
This town lies 50 miles N. W. from 3,047.
Montpelier, 22 N. E. by E. from from Hartford, and 23 N. from New
Haven.
The surface of Berlin
St. Albans, and 31 N. E. by N.
from Burlington. Population, 1830, is hilly, but productive of grass,
grain and fruits.
There are in the
About 3,000 sheep.
1,303.
town about 2,000 sheep. The vilBerlin, Me.
lages of Worthington and JVew
Oxford CO. This town is bounded Britain are very pleasant, and the
E. by Phillips, S. by Weld and W. manufactures of brass, tin and othby Byron. It lies 100 miles N. er wares, there pursued, are very
from Portland, 45 N. W. from Au- extensive and flourishing. The first
gusta, and about 40 N. from Paris. manufacture of tin
ware in this
Population, 1837, 470. Wheat crop, country was commenced
at this
same year, 2,175 bushels.
place, in about the year 1770, by
Berlin, N. H.
Edvt^ard Patterson, a native of IreCoos CO. This town, from 1771 land. Mr. Patterson peddled his
:
towns
;
A
;
�V
v
NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
ware about the country, on foot, in
baskets ; his successors in the manufacture did the same, until the uses
and value of the article becoming
known, and the demand increasing,
horses and wagons were employed
and thus this important manufacture of New England v/as transported to all parts of the country.
;
Bei'iiardstoii,
Franklin
co.
This
Mass.
a township
is
of
superior land for agricultural
purposes, considerably elevated, between Fall and Connecticut rivers.
Bethany and Naugatuck
sents some
features.
river, pre-
wild and picturesque
Bethel, Me.
Oxford CO. Incorporated in 1796.
Population, 1837, 1,864.
Bethel
lies 18 miles N. V*^. from Paris, 61
N. W. from Portland, and 63 W.
from Augusta. This town is bounded N. and W. by Androscoggin river, and S. by Greenwood.
This is
a fine farming town, and produced
5,214 bushels of wheat in 1837.
Betliel, Vt.
It was formerly called Fall Toicn.
Windsor CO. This town was first
There was a fort here in 1746,
when this part of the county was settled in 1780, and was the fir^t
peopled mostly by Indians. It was town chartered by the governr i"i;L
incorporated, by its present name, of Vermont.
It lies 31 miles S.
W. from Montpelier, and 30 N. Vv
in 1764.
It lies 96 miles W. by N.
from Boston, and 7 N. from Green- from Windsor.
Population, 1830,
l-
Population, 1S37,S7S. Bald
and West mountains afford delightful scenery
the former is 630 feet
above the waters of the Connectifield.
:
cut.
Here
—
are springs
containing
magnesia, sulphur and iron. Bernardston produced, in one year,
16,000 bushels of corn and rye, and
5,000 barrels of cider.
There are
3,022 sheep in this town, and some
manufactures of shoes, leather,palmleaf hats, and scythe snaiths.
Berwicic, Me.
York
This town
porated, 1713.
Population, 1837,
Betliaiiy, Ct.
co.
Woodbridge, in 1832.
miles N. by ^^\ from
the largest.
lies
1,799.
New Haven
:
is
on the
E. side of Salmon river, about 14
miles S. S. W. from Alfred, 45 S.
W. from Portland, and 9S S. W.
from Augusta. Berwick has considerable trade in lumber.
IncorCO.
1,240.
Bethel is watered by
branches of White river, and possesses good mill sites.
Soap stone
is found here in groat quantities
and of good quality much of it is
sawed and transported. Garnet in
small, but perfect crystals, is also
comm^on. The surface of Bethel is
broken and mountainous, but the
soil is warm and good for grazing.
It has about 8,000 sheep.
Considerable business is done at both villages. East and West ; the latter
Taken from
It
lies
New
10
Hatown
ven. Some portion of this
is good land and well cultivated,
but a large part of it is mountainous, and fit only for the growth of
wood. Beacon mountain, between
Betliel, Ct.
Fairfield co.
This is a pleasant
and flourishing village, in the town
of Danbury, and about 3 miles N.
W. from
the centre of that town.
There are about fifty dwelling houses in the village, and about thirty
work shops or factories. The manufacture of hats and combs is the
principal business of the place, and
large quantities of both are annually transported to Boston,
York and other places.
New
Betlileliem, N. H.,
Grafton co., is bounded N. by
Whitefield and Dalton, E. by Car-
�—
NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
by Fran- the " Flower of Essex," a compaN. W. by- ny of young iiien from this county,
It is watered by Great and who were, with their leader,
Littleton.
Amonoosuck river. The soil pro- almost wholly cut off" by the Inroll
and ungrauted land,
S.
conia and Lisbon, and
duces good crops of grass and grain. dians, at Bloody Brook, in 1675.
There is plenty of pine timber and
Biddeford, Me.
sugar maple. Iron ore, both of the
mountain and bog kind, has been ocYork CO. On the S. side of Saco
casionally found.
Two mineral river, and connected with the town
springs have been discovered.
of Saco by a bridge.
The town
Bethlehem was settled in 17.90. extends down the river to the sea,
It was incorporated Dec. 27, 1799. and includes a point of land called
" Fletcher's Neck," off" which are
Population, 1830, 665.
several small islands; on one of
Hetlileliem, Ct.
which. Wood Island, is a revolving
Litchfield co.
This town is 38 light. This is a good township for
miles W. S. W. from Hartford, 32 agricultural pursuits, the coasting
N. W. by W. from New Haven, trade, ship building, and the fishand 8 S. from Litchfield.
It was ery.
It lies 38 miles N. E. from
taken from Woodbury in 1787. It York, 15 S. W. from Portland, and
is hilly, with a gravelly loam, and
69 S. W. from Augusta.
First
Incorfit for grazing and the growth of permanently settled, 1630.
rye.
Popu- porated, 1718.
It lias 2,000 sheep.
Population, 1837,
lation, 1830, 906.
The town is wa- 2,278. See Saco.
tered by Pomperaug river, a branch
Billerica, Mass.
of the Housatonick.
Middlesex co. This town is waBeverly, Mass.
tered by the Concord and ShawEssex CO. This tov»rn lies N. of sheen rivers, and has a pleasant vilSalem, a-nd is united to it by abridge lage, on high ground, near the cenacross the North river, built in 1783, tre.
Its soil is good and well imThe people proved. The Middlesex canal and
1,500 feet in length.
of this town are noted for their en- the Boston and Lowell rail road pass
terprise in commerce and the fish- through the easterly part of the
eries.
There are some merchant town. First settled, 1653. IncorPopulation, 1837,
vessels belonging to this place, porated, 1655.
about 50 sail of fishermen, and 20 1,498. Here are some manufactures
coasters.
The annual value of the of woolen cloth, boots, leather,
fisheries at Beverly is about $100,- wooden ware, straw bonnets, shav000. The manufactures, consisting ing and splitting knives, bed bindBillerica
of Britannia ware, tin and cabinet ing, soft soap, and spirits.
wares, chairs, hats, boots, hair, mus- fies 18 miles N. W. from Boston,
tard and bricks, amounted in one 7 S. S. E. from Lowell, and 7 N. E.
year to about $120,000. The pros- by N. from Concord.
perity of this town has not suffered
the growth of luxury or excess of
trade ; its fisheries and manufacturing concerns are steady and progressive.
First settled, 1626.
Incorporated, 1688. Population, 1830,
4,079—1837, 4,609. Among many
distinguished men who have lived
and died at Beverly, was Captain
Bimgliaian,
Thomas Lothrop, who commanded
Me.
On
by
the
Somerset co.
bank of Kennebec
river,
eastern
opposite
Concord, 26 miles N. from Norridgewock, 118 N. N. E. from Portland, and 55 N. from Augusta. In-
to
corporated, 1812. Population, 1837,
701.
In 1837, 2,548 bushels of
wheat was raised in this town.
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
Black Rivers.
Blaiidford, Mass.
Hampden co. Branches of WestBlack river, in Windsor county,
Vt. is 35 miles in length.
field river rise in this town and give
It rises
Blandford
in Plymouth, passes Ludlow, Cav- it a good water power.
endish and Weathersfield, and falls was incorporated in 1741. It was
into the Connecticut at Springfield. originally settled by a company from
This river passes through many nat- the north of Ireland. It lies 114
ural ponds, and affords a great num- miles W. by S. from Boston, and 15
W, by N. from Springfield. Popuber of mill seats.
Black river, in Orleans county, lation, 1837, 1,443. The manufacVt. is about 30 miles in length. It tures of the place consist of woolen
Annual
rises in some ponds in Craftsbury, cloth, paper and leather.
and passing through Albany, Iras- amount, $50,500.
The agricultuburg, and Coventry, it falls into ral products sent to market in 1836,
amounted to ^22,340. There were
Memphremagog lake at Salem.
Black river, in Somei'set county. in the town 1,535 cows and 1,822
Me. is one of the head branches of merino sheep.
the Walloostook.
Block Islaud, R. I.
Blackstoiie River, Mass.
The most
river rises
Bloody Brook, Mass.
between Paxton and Hol-
den.
It passes Worcester, and tlie
ponds in Shrewsbury pay it the tribute of their waters. After passing Auburn, Grafton, Millbury,
Sutton, Northbrido;e. Uxbrid2;e and
Mendon, it passes into the state of
Rhode Island, where it changes its
name to Pawtucket, and meets the
tide
See JVew Slioreham.
inland branch of this
waters in Providence river.
See Deerfield.
BloomHeld, Me.
Somerset
fine
BlacltAvater River,
Blackwater
from
river,
Bf.
N. H.
H.
This town was
in-
township of land, and produced
in 1837 5,080 bushels of wheat.
so called
dark appearance, is formed
by two small streams, one of which
rises in Danburj^ and the other issues from Pleasant pond, in New
London.
These branches unite
soon after crossing the W. line of
Andover, and form the Blackwater,
which passes through the S. W. part
of that town
from thence through
the W. part of the towns of Salisbury and Boscawen into Hopkinton,
where it empties into Contoocook
co.
corporated in 1814, and lies on Kennebec river, 33 miles N. from Augusta and 7 below Norridgewock,
opposite to Skowhegan.
Population, 1837, 1,053.
Bloomfield is a
Blooniiield, Vt.
its
Essex
W.
CO.
Bloomfield
lies
on the
side of Connecticut river, and is
watered by branches of the
Nulhegan. Population, 1830, 150.
It is about 20 miles N. from Guildhall, and 60 N. E. from Montpelier.
also
BloomHeld,
Ct.
;
river,
Blaucliard, Me.
This was formerly
Windsor, called Wintonbury. It derived its name from the
circumstance of the parish being
formed from Windsor, Farmington
and Simsbury the name Win-tonbury being a part of the name of
each of those towns. It was incorHartford co.
a parish in
;
Piscataquis CO. This town lies 116
miles from Augusta.
In 1837, 795
bushels of wheat was raised here.
Population, same year, 261.
See
Barnard, Me.
4*
porated into a town in 1835.
The
inhabitants enjoy a fine soil, and cultivate it with great industry, pro-
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
ducing large crops of grass and
grain, with an abundance of choice
tween Concord and Nashua rivers.
Here are good limestone, and small
about six miles N.
Population, about
manufactures of boots, shoes, leather and combs.
fruit.
It
lies
from Hartford.
1,400.
Bolton, Ct.
Eliie Hill
Hancock
and Bay, Me.
co.
The town
lies
at
the head of a large bay, of the same
name, 12 miles E. from Castine,
and 78 E. from Augusta. There
are several large ponds in Blue Hill,
and a hill of 960 feet in height, from
which
delightful marine scenery
is
presented. Incorporated 1789. Population, 1837, 1,808.
The bay has
Long and other islands inside and
outside, Burntcoat, and a group of
smaller islands. Blue Hill bay is
;
connected with Penobscot bay and
river by a passage between the
islands and main land, of about 12
miles.
It lies about 16 miles W.
from Frenchman's bay.
Blme
Hills.
Tolland co. This town lies 14
miles E. from Hartford, and 10 milep
S, by W. from Tolland.
Popula-
The soil is a coarse,
hard, gravelly loam, fit only for
grazing.
It is within the granite
region of the eastern section of the
tion, 1830, 744.
The Bolton
state.
Stone Quarry
is
" Tlie stone is a spequite noted.
cies of slate, of a brilliant light
gray color, composed of mica and
quartz, and is excellent for flagging
and other purposes. It is extensively used in the principal cities of the
United States. For strength it exceeds any other known in this country, and the demand for it is rapidly
increasing." The supply is inexhaustible.
Boon
Island, Me.,
The first range of mountains on
the eastern coast of
Hampshire and Maine ; and the elevated
lands in Milton, Mass. are thus denominated, in consequence of their
blue or cloud-like appearance, at a
distance, on the ocean.
ledge of rocks, with a lighthouse thereon ; about 9 miles E.
from Kittery. Near this island the
steamboat New England, on her
passage from Boston to Gardiner,
Boar's Head, W. M.
contact with a loaded coaster, on the
night of the 28st of May, 1838, by
New
See Hampton.
Bolton, Vt.
Chittenden co. Population, 1830,
452,
17 miles S. E. from Burlington, and 17 N. W. from Montpelier.
Incorporated, 1763.
Bolton lies on
the western side of the Green
Mountains.
Onion river passes
through the town, on the banks of
which most of the inhabitants reside.
Bolton, Mass.
A
good farming town in the county of Worcester, 31 miles W. by N,
from Boston, and 15 N. N. E. from
Worcester.
Incorporated,
1738.
Population, 1837, 1 ,185.
It lies be-
A
met
'a
fatal disaster,
by coming
which many valuable
lives
in
were
jeopardized.
EootliTSjay,
Me.
co.
This town is boundby the mouth of Sheepscot
river, N. by Edgecomb, E. by
Damariscotta river, and S. by the
ocean.
It is nearly surrounded by
Lincoln
ed
W
.
water, and is noted for its excellent
harbor.
Its maritime situation renders it a place of considerable business in the coasting trade and fisheries.
This town lies 39 miles S. S.
E. from Augusta, 12 E. N. E. from
¥/iscasset, 60 E. N. E. from Portland, and about 40 miles S. W. by
W. from Owl's Head, by water.
Boothbay is a fine watering place.
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
and many visit it, in summer months,
for health or pleasure.
Here may
be found all the enjoyments of sea
fishing and fowlair and bathing
ing; ocean and island scenery; for
which JVahant, in Massachusetts
bay, is justly celebrated. Incorpo;
rated, 1764. Population, 1837, 2,5(32.
BoscaAveu, N. M.
Merrimack
co.
Boscawen
is sit-
uated between Concord and Salisbury, on the W. side of Merrimack
river.
Bo'cawen is 3 miles N. W.
from Concord. Besides the J^.Ierrimack, the west part of this town is
watered by Blackwater river, running nearly parallel with the former, through the whole extent of
the town, and about five miles distant from it. It is not a large stream,
but very important, both on account
the fertile fields of champaign
borders, and the numerous water privileges it affords.
There are
tw^o ponds of some note. Great pond,
near the centre of the town, Long
pond, in the west part, and mill seats
at the outlet of each.
Boscawen is
of a deep, productive soil, affording
many excellent farms delightfully
situated.
The surface, when view-
of
on
its
ed from its highest parts, appears
uncommonl}'^ level. From the numerous streams of living water, and
from the peculiar direction of the
swells of the hills, this town probably derives that pure air and uniform temperature which are so conducive to health.
The principal
village is in the east section of the
town.
It is situated on a spacious
street nearly two miles in length,
very straight and level. Here the
eye of the traveller
is
attracted and
delighted by the fertile intervales
and windings of the river Merrimack. There is another village on
a pleasant eminence near the west
meeting house.
Boscawen was
granted by Massachusetts in 1733.
The proprietors gave to it the name
of Contoocook, after the Indian
name of the river. It received its
present name when it was incorporated, April 22, 1760, from Edward
Boscawen, a celebrated English admiral then on the American station.
The first settlement commenced
early in the season of 1734.
Abigail Danforth was the first child
born in the town.
The Indians
made frequent predatory incursions
on the inhabitants. See Duston's
Island.
Among the deceased citizens of
this place entitled to respectful notice, are, Geoi'ge Jackman, Esq.,
the first town clerk, who continued
in office 36 years.
He was appointed a justice of the peace under
Geo. II. and continued in that office
during air successive changes down
to ISIS.
Rev. Samuel Wood, D. D., for
more than half a century the minister of Boscawen, was distinguished for his learning and piety.
Hon. Ezekiel Webster, a native
of Salisbury, resided here many
years.
He was an eminent barrister at law, of extraordinary talents,
and great private worth. He died
in the court house, at Concord,
April 10, 1829, aged 49, beloved
and lamented by
character.
all
who knew
his
Population, 1830, 2,093.
�—
NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
County of
dom,
The
Suffolk.
sachusetts, and of
New
ancient city of Bostgiv, the capital of Mas-
England, and the birth place of Aiaerican Free-
Old Boston, South Boston,
naturally divided into three sections
is
and East Boston, situated
western extremity of Massachusetts
The peninsula on which Old Boston is built, extends from Roxbu-
Bay.
ry, on the south, to
at the
Winnesimet Ferry, on the north, and
rounded by the waters of Boston harbor on the
on the north and west.
Its
breadth about one mile.
length
is
east,
is
nearly sur-
and Charles river
nearly three miles, and
its
average
contained about 700 acres, but
It originally
its
been greatly extended, by filling up around its borders. Its
quite uneven.
It has numerous eminences, rising from 50 to
territory has
surface
is
110 feet above the sea, affording admirable
to
it
a peculiarly romantic appearance.
sites for building,
It is in
north Lat.
W.
and giving
42^^ 21'
23"
Me.
N. H. 160 S. E. by S, from Montpelier, Vt.
158 E. (19' S.) from Albany, N. Y. 40 N. N. E. from Providence, R. I.
97 E. N. E. from Hartford, Ct.
207 N. E. by E. from New York, and
432 miles N. E. by E. from Washington.
Its Indian name was Shawmut. It was called by the first settlers Tramount, Tremont, or Triand west Lon. 71°
63
S. S.
4' 9".
It lies 163 miles S. S.
E. from Concord,
from Augusta,
;
;
;
mountain, from three hills nearly in its centre. It took its present name
on the 7th of Sept., 1630, in honor of the Rev. John Cotton, second minister of the first church, who came from Boston, in England.
The original proprietor of this territory
was John Blackstone, who, soon
after its
settlement by Winthrop and others, removed to Rhode Island.
was incorporated
as a city,
Boston
February 23, 1S22.
South. Boston.
This part of Boston was set off from Dorcheste'r, by legislative enactment, March the 6th, 1804. It is bounded south by Dorchester Bay,
and spreads about two miles on the south side of the harbor, above the
forts.
It contains
squares.
The
about 600 acres, and
is
laid out into
surface of this part of Boston
is
reguJar streets and
exceedingly picturesque.
In about the centre of this tract, and about two miles from the City Hall,
the memorable " Dorchester Heights" rear their heads 130 feet above
the sea, from which is presented a splendid view of Boston, its harbor,
and the surrounding country.
It is
bridges.
This part of Boston
wealth.
The Washington House,
near the "Heights,"
is
is
connected with Old Boston by two
rapidly increasing in population and
now
the
Asylum
for
the
a noble building, and a delightful residence.
blind,
�NEW ENGLAND
GAZETTEER.
East Boston.
This section of the city, until recently, had been called A'^oddle's IslIt lies about 660 yards N. E. from Old Boston, and about the same
and.
distance from Charlestown.
It is
divided from Chelsea by Chelsea Creek,
which
600 feet wide, over which
is
road to the Salem turnpike.
The Eastern rail-road,
East Boston. The island
commences
ryport, &c.,
at
a bridge, and from
acres of land, and a large body of
ny
of enterprizing
1833, and the
A
ing
is
first
is
between
established
each side every
A
and Charlestown.
a
compa-
ferry
The
is
this place
and Old Boston,
in cross-
about being established between
surface of the island
is
pleasingly va-
dwelling houses and gardens
for
manufactories of vari-
particularly for ship building, and
;
all
those branches of
This place
is
The Maverick Hotel
commpdious
site.
is
me-
See Appendix.
chanics connected with navigation.
who owned
was purchased by
well located
moderate prices.
ous kinds
Newbu-
contains about 660
The time occupied
five minutes.
riegated, and affords delightful sites for
at
an excellent
They were incorporated in March,
house was commenced in October of the same year.
about three minutes.
this island
is
Salem,
gentlemen in 1832.
steam-boat ferry
starting from
It
flats.
to
a large and splendid building, occupying a
This house
is
named
in
honor of Samuel Maverick,
the island and resided there in 1630, and
who
is
said to
have
—
made " some figure in the history of after times a man of very loving
and courteous behavior, and very ready to entertain strangers."
Boston Harbor,
Extends across Light House Channel and Broad Sound, from Point Alderton on Nantasket, to Point Shirley in Chelsea, a distance, between the
islands, of about 4 miles.
est navy.
It is safe,
The most important
and of ample capacity
part of this harbor
is
for the larg-
entered by a narrow
between two and three miles below the city and Navy Yard; and is
well protected by two powerful forts Independence and Warren. The
outer harbor, below these forts, will shortly be protected by a very powerful fortress now erecting on George's Island, at a great expense, by the
pass,
—
government of the United
of great beaut)', and
is
States.
Boston harbor contains
many
islands
the reservoir of the Mystic, Charles, JVeponset,
Manatiquot and other rivers. Its borders are environed by the towns
Hingham, Weymouth, Braintree, Quincy, Dorchester, Roxbuand the numerous
ry, Brookline, Cambridge, Charlestown, and Chelsea
of Hull,
;
small bays, coves and inlets, indenting their shores, give great variety,
much to the scenery of this delightful harbor.
Owing to the almost insular situation of Boston, and
and add
its
population appears small.
But
it
must be
its
limited extent,
couvsidered that the neigh-
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
borini?
towns of Quincy, Dorchester, Milton, Roxbury, Biookline, BrighCambridge, Charlestown, Medford, Maiden, and Chel-
ton, Watcrtovvn,
sea, although not included in the city charter, are
and are as
city,
turing, literary,
much
and
associated with
social
it
in all
component parts of the
commercial, manufac-
relations and feelings, as
New
and Harlem are with the city of
hattanville,
its
Greenwich, Man-
York; or Southwark
and the Northern Liberties with Philadelphia.
The
population of Boston in 1700,
was 7,000—1722, 10,567—1765,
15,520—1790, 18,033—1800, 24,937—1810, 33,250-1320,43,298-1830,
61,391—1837, 80,325, and in 1840, 93,470.
Avenues.
The
many
peninsular situation of Boston requires
and from the surrounding country.
Boston and Roxbury, one mile and 117 feet in
sage
to
it
by
land..
On
was incorporated, March
breadth,
bridge by
to
Charlestown, was opened
9, 1735.
avenues
This bridge
is
Charles
Rwer
for travel.
It
1,503 feet in length, 42
and cost $50,000.
its
to
Neck," between
length, was the only pas-
the 17th June, of that year, the
Bridge, leading from Boston
in
artificial
Until 1736, the "
Net revenue in 1834, $9,383.
charter becomes state property in 1856.
This
West Boston Bridge, leading to Cambridge, was opened on the 23d
November, 1793. It was incorporated March 9, 1792. Length of
the bridge, 2,758 feet— abutment and causeway, 3,432— total
length,
6,190 feet. Cost, $76,667. Net revenue in 1834, $12,928. This bridge
of
become
will
state property in 1879.
South Boston Bridge, leading from Boston Neck to South Boston,
was
March 6, 1804, and opened for travel in July, 1805. Length,
1,550 feet— width, 40.
It cost the proprietors about
incorporated
city property
$50,000.
— free.
It is
now
Canal Bridge, from Boston to Lechmere Point, in East
Cambridge,
was incorporated February 27, 1807, and opened for
travel in August,'
1809.
this to
Net
Length, 2,796 feet— width, 40. A lateral bridge
extends from
Prison Point, Charlestown. Length,
1,820— width 35 feet
receipts in 1834, $3,173.
1879.
This bridge will become state property in
^
^
The Western Avenue, leading from Beacon
in Brookline,
was
was incorporated June
14, 1814,
street to SeivelVs Point,
and commenced in ISls'
opened for travel, July 2, 1821. This
avenue is a substantial dam
across Charles river bay, about
a mile and a half in length, and from
60
to 100 feet in width.
This dam encloses about 600 acres of
flats over
winch the tide formerly flowed from
7 to 10 feet.
partition dam divides this enclosure, and forms,
by the aid of flood and ebb gates, a full
It
A
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
and receiving basin; thereby producing, at all times, a great hydraulic
power. The cross dam also forms an excellent avenue from the main
dam
The
to
Roxbury.
by
4,
receipts in 1834, $6,133.
avenue claim a perpetual franchise.
Boston Free Bridge, from Sea
March
Net
Cost, about $700,000.
proprietors of this
1826— completed,
proprietors of lands in
street to
South Boston.
Length,
1828.
the vicinity.
500— width,
Incorporated,
38 feet.
Built
City property.
—
Warren Bridge, leading to Charlestown. Length, 1,390 feet width,
Incorporated March 12, 1823, and opened on the December follow44.
The net receipts of this bridge in 1834,
ing.
It is now state property.
were $16,427.
All the above avenues are lighted with lamps,
make
when
necessary, and
a beautiful appearance.
Public Buildings.
Some of those of the most prominent character only can be mentioned.
The City Hall, or " the Old State House," on State and Washington
streets, now occupied by the city government, Post-Office, Reading-Room,
&c.,
is
110 feet in length, 38 in breadth, and 3 stories high.
ings on this spot have been destroyed by
tire.
the second in 1714, and the present in 1748.
The
first
was
Two
build-
built in 1659,
Until the erection of the
present State Flouse, this building had ever been used for governmental
purposes, both colonial and state.
Faneuil Hall, or the "Cradle of Liberty," in Dock Square, is three
by 80, and was the gift of Peter Faneuil, Esq. to
The building was enlarged in 1805, and until the
the town, in 1742.
new Market was built the lower part of it was used for meat stalls. It is
stories high, 100 feet
now improved
for stores.
The Hall
patriots, warriors
is
76 feet square, 28 feet high, and
It is
has deep galleries on three sides.
adorned with superb paintings of
and statesmen.
The
This building
on an open square, on Eeacon-street,
third story
is
improved
for
armo-
ries.
State House.
is
common. Its foundation is 110 feet above the level of the sea.
It was commenced in 1795, and completed and occupied
Cost, $133,333.
Length, 173 feet— breadth, 61. On the area
in 1798.
of the lower hall stands the beautiful Statue of Washington, by Chantry.
From the top of the dome on this building, 52 feet in diameter, and
fronting the malls and
230 feet above the level of the harbor, the
with
all its
crooked streets,
its
""vhole city
extended avenu'^s,
its
appears beneath,
splendid buildings,
and the malls and common, crossed Avith romantic walks, and shaded by
centurian elms.
sents
its
On
numerous
the north and west the county of Middlesex pre-
villas,
and a rich array of agricultural
taste
and beau-
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
ty.
Here
field of
granite
are
viewed the hallowed
liiils
Harvard, and the sacred
the south the county of Norfolk appears, with
On
Bunker.
halls of
its
and luxuriant vales, chequered with a thousand farm houses,
On the east, the city, with its lofty
splendid mansions.
cottages, and
harbor and the ocean,
spires, the
all
conspire to render this the most en-
chanting scene, west of the Bay of Naples.
The Massachusetts Hospital
at the
western part of the
feet in length, and
on the banks of Charles river.
Commenced
54 in breadth.
This building
1821.
city,
on an open plot of ground of 4 acres,
is
of granite, and
is
is
It is
16S
181S, completed in
in
a beautiful
monument
of taste
and beneficence.
Faneuil Hall Market.
The corner
of
stone
superb granite
this
building was laid on the 27ih of April, 1S25, and completed in 1827.
^150,000, exclusive of land.
square, 536 feet, and
ing, 74
77 feet
fish
ranged
The
50 feet in width.
is
The
to
lov/er floor
The upper
and vegetable market.
rises
feet,
exclusively appropriated as a
is
be divided into compartments
Cost,
Dock
centre part of the build-
by 55, projects two o-r three feet on the north and south, and
from the ground, to a beautiful dome. The wings are 31
and two stories high.
meat,
extends east of Faneuil Hall, on
It
story
is
one vast
ware-rooms and
for
hall, ar-
lara-e sales.
On the sides of this building are JVorth Market street, 65, and South
Market street, 102 feet in width on each of which is a range of spacious ware-houses, with granite fronts.
On the east, across Commercial
street, is a commodious wharf, belonging to the city.
The hall in the
;
centre of the building
L.L. D., the
late
is
called
indefatigable
Quincy Hall, in honor of Josiah Quincy,
mayor of the city, and now president of
Harvard University.
Tremont House. This superb hotel,. on Tremont and Beacon streets,
was commenced on the 4Lh of July, 1828, and completed 16th of October,
182J)..
Its granite front
The wings
on Ti-emont street
are four stories high
;
that on
is
160 feet, and 3 stories high.
Beacon
and that on the south, fronting an open square,
building contains 180 rooms.
high.
The dining
hall
street
is
is
is
84 by 34 feet;
110 by 40
feet.
This
70 by 31, and 14 feet
Cost, $68,000, without the land.
JVew Court House. The corner stone of this building, in Court
square, between Court and School streets, for the accomm-odation of all
the couits of law for the county, city, and the United States, offices of
record, &c.,
was
laid Sept. 28, 1833.-
the Quincy quarry.
10 inches,
and
Its
length
is
It is of cut, or
hewn granite, from
;— width, 53 feet
175 feet 10 inches
height 57 feet 3 inches.
A
portico of nearly the
same
model of the Doric portico at Athens, adorns its north and south fronts.
There are four columns of fluted granite at each of these porticos, meas-
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
uring 25 feet 4 inches in length, and 4 feet 5 inches in diameter. They
The interior contains four court rooms, 50 feet by
tons each.
weigh 25
40, and large and
commodious
departments.
offices for all the respective
Houses of Industry, Correction, and Reformation.
These houses are
delightfully situated on a plot of ground of about 61 acres, situated at
South Boston, on the margin of the harbor, and near the brow of Dorchester Heights.
Trinity Church, in
Summer
Paul's Church and the Ma^
Washington Bank, in Washingerected by the Suffolk Bank, the
street, St.
sonic Temple, in Tremont street, the
ton street, the granite building lately
United States Bank, in State street, and the Steeple of Park street
Church, are some of the best specimens of architecture in Boston.
Schools aud Institutions.
The
civil
New
of
first settlers
England were exceedingly tenacious of their
knew that knov;ledge was an
preserve those rights, and transmit them to their
and religious rights, and they well
all-powerful engine to
They
posterity.
which
schools, of
therefore very early laid the foundation of those /ree
all
the sons and daughters of
New
England are justly
Exclusive of Infant and Sabbath school scholars, about a quar°
proud.
ter part of the population of Boston
is
kept
brated for
its
schools, but for
its
institutions for moral, religious,
throughout the
school
at
year, at an annual expense of about $200,000.
Boston
is
not only cele-
munificent donations in support of
and literary purposes.
its
Since the year
1800, not less than two millions of dollars have thus been appropriated
by the
citizens of Boston.
NeAV England Institution for the Education of the BUnd.
This Institution was incorporated in 1S29
until 1832,
when
Dr.
Howe
;
but,
little
was accomplished
accompanied by a
returned from Europe
blind teacher; manifesting that zeal in the cause of the blind
distinguished his philanthropic labors, in another sphere,
He opened
land.
of those children
a school with six blind
was
so great,
young
interested.
By
gift of a
progress
citizens,
generally,
became
public and private donations, particularly by the
influence of ladies in several parts of
cent
The
and the value of an Institution of the
kind so apparent, that legislatures and
much
scholars.
which had
in a distant
New
England, and by the munifi-
splendid building in Pearl street,
by the Hon. Thomas H.
Perkins, the Institution has increased, both in reputation and funds, with
unparalleled success.
common
The
in other schools,
literature.
Music
is
scholars are instructed in
the study of
and enjoyed by the pupils.
5
all
those branches
and some of them in the higher branches of
all.
Mechanical labors are taught
Musical instruments of
all
kinds, and other
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
A printing
Implements are provided for their convenience and use.
press is established, and several books have been printed in embossed
It is exceedingly delightletters, which are superior to any in Europe.
ful to see these interesting
youth, whose lives once seemed a dreary
waste, and to witness their improvement in acquiring useful knowledge,
partaking of
all
those recreations, natural and proper for their age, sex,
and condition, and
Institution
is
fitting
themselves
managed by
governments of
all
the
a
for useful stations in society.
board of trustees, and
is
The
patronized by the
New England States.
Eye and Ear
Infirmary.
This Institution was commenced in Boston, by Drs. Jeffries and Reynolds, in 1824, from a conviction of
its utility
and importance, derived
from what they had seen and known of similar establishments in Europe.
Those gentlemen conducted the establishment at their own expense for
some time, during which large numbers received the most important
benefits.
In 1827, by the philanthropic exerlions of those, and other
gentlemen, an act of incorporation was obtained, and some funds wer©
raised.
As early as 1828, 2,610 cases were treated at the Infirmary, of
which about five-sixths were cured. Of these cases about one-sixth
were for diseases of the ear. Since that time the number of applicants
has increased annually; and this Institution, whose merits are not surpassed by any other in the city, has now a beautiful and commodious
building in Bowdoin square for the reception of patients.
Theatres.
The Boston Theatre, on Federal and Franklin
streets,
was burnt, February 2, 1798
and re-opened on the 29th of October, the same year.
ed February
3, 1794.
It
;
was first openwas re-built,
it
It is of brick,
152
now denominated
*' The Odeon," and is consecrated
to the worship of God.
A huge w ooden building was erected on Tremont street, and opened as the " HayMarket Theatre," December 26, 1796. The citizens in its neighborfeet long, 61 wide,
and 40 high.
hood being fearful of
its
This building
conflagration, caused
its
is
demolition,
by subscrip-
and the block of elegant brick dwelling-houses, near, and north of
Eoylston street, now occupy the spot.
tion,
The Tremont
Tlieatre, on
Tremont
with a granite front 135 feet by 79.
opened September 24, 1827.
The
streets,
ing was
It
street, is a
very neat building,
was commenced
J^Tational Theatre, at the junction
of Portland
near the Warren bridge, was constructed in 1831.
first
in July, and
Cost, about $120,000.
used for equestrian performances.
and Traverse
This build-
�NEW EXGLAND GAZETTEER.
Boston Common.
This
is
considered one of the most delightful promenades in the world.
It comprises
about 75 acres of land, of variegated surface, beautifully
shaded by trees of various kinds, particularly in
which surround
dred years ago.
Some of
The malls
it.
those trees
t?i8
malls, or walks
were planted more than a hun-
are wide, beveled, graveled, and
the waters of Charles river, and the romantic scenery beyond
prospect.
which
The whole
by
common
the city, that
it
are in
enclosed by an iron fence, on the outside of
is
The
are wide streets and beautiful buildings.
the malls and
smooth;
it,
is
about a mile.
can never be appropriated
to
around
distance
This plot of ground
is
any other than
so held
its
pres-
ent healthful and pleasing purposes.
The
foundation of a large
laid in 1837,
by
and splendid
Botanic GardejV was
the subscription of funds for that purpose.
It is located
on the city lands, on the west side of the Common. This will be a
great ornament to the city, and an honor to the taste and judgment of its
projectors.
Finances.
The
public debt of the city of Boston on the 1st of
$1,497,200.
The
1836, to 30th
April,
May,
1837, was
receipts, during the financial year, from the 30th of
April,
1837,
was $926,350— the expenditures,
Besides the public property in public buildings, city and other
$904,065.
wharves, &c. &c., both improved
for city purposes,
and rented, the city
has about 7,000,000 square feet of land on the Neck, exclusive of
streets,
public squares, and malls, and a very large property in other lands in
various parts of the city, which are rapidly increasing in value.
amount of
this property
cannot be stated, but
it is
ceed the city debt, exclusive of that part which
known
is
The
greatly to ex-
wanted
for the uses
of the city.
Commerce.
The
citizens of Boston
mercial enterprise.
have ever sustained a high rank
for their
com-
After whitening every sea with their canvass, and
extending their commerce with
all
nations of the globe, they are
now
westward and northward, and constructing new and artificial
channels, to enable them not only to compete with other Atlantic cities
for the already immense commerce of the western world, but to intercept it on its passage down the St. Lawrence.
The number of vessels entered at this port the year ending September
30, 1837, was 1,544— tonnage, 242,277 tons— crews, 11,503 :— cleared,
1,367, tonnage, 184,373 tons
crews, 9,177. The registered, enrolled and
licensed tonnage of this port, the same year, was 201,005 tons. A large
amount of tonnage, owned at Boston, is registered at southern ports.
looking
—
�NEW ENGLAND
GAZETTEER.
Commercial Accommodations.
There
probably no place in the world better accommodated for
commercial operations than Boston. The whole length of
the harbor on the
east and north is lined with about 200 docks
and wharves.
few of
them only can be noticed,
is
A
India Wharf, at the foot of Fort Hill, was constructed in
1805.
It
extends into the harbor 980 feet, and is 246 to 2S0 feet
in width.
In the
centre is a range of 39 stores, 22 by 80, and 4 stories
in height.
Central Wliarf, between India and Long wharves, was built
in 1816.
.54 ware-houses, 23 by 50, 4 stories high.
It is 1,379
feet in length, and 150 in width.
Over a spacious hall in the centre of
this range of stores, is one of the best
observatories in the United States.
In the centre are
North of
this is
Long Wharf,
at the foot of State street,
commenced
in 1710.
This wharf extends into the harbor 1,800 feet, is 200
feet in
width, and has 76 spacious ware-houses. About
(he centre of th s wh-.rf
IS a well of fresh water, 90 feet in
depth.
Passing the City wharf on the north, we come
to
Commercial Wliarf
1,100 feet in length, and 160 in width.
On the centre of this wharf is
a range of 34 granite ware-houses, 25 by 60
feet, and are unequalleJ by
any thing of the kind in the United States for
convenience
or grandeur
Cost, $500,000.
On the west, and in front of this tier of wharves,
which run into the
harbor nearly parallel to each other, are
India and
Commercial
streets,
having the east end of Faneuil Hall Market
nearly in the centre. These
streets are wide; they serve as wharves,
and their west sides are covered with large and convenient stores. It
is contemplated to extend India
street, on the south, to the Free Bridge
on Sea street; and Commercial
street, on the north, to Winnesimet
Ferry.
(See Hale's Map of Boston.)
The Marine Raihoays,
city, afford great
established in
accommodations
new and splendid Custom House
Long and
is
1820, at the north part of the
to those
now
A
engaged in navigation
erecting on India street, between
An Exchange, for the accommodation of
City Hall, are contemplated.
Central wharves.
merchants, and a
new
Manufactures.
Although Boston has never been
considered a manufacturino-
city
yet, since the general peace in
Europe, in 1515, and the passage of the*
present tariff laws, in 1833, its
manufacturing interests have considerably
•'
increased.
The
following are
the manufactures of Boston
for the year ending
1837, with the value of each, the
number of hands employed!
and the amount of capital invested,
so far as can be ascertained.
It may be proper to observe,
that the following account is
doubtless
April
1,
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
accurate, as far
it
extends, but
chusetts the whole amount
it is
known
that in
some towns in Massabeen stated by
of their manufactures has not
the assessors.
I
Value.
ARTICLES.
$102,641
228,000
Boots and Shoes,
Leather,
Hats,
Iron Castings,
Combs,
Tin Ware,
194,673
372,000
7,500
48,000
148,100
41,000
112,032
Spirits,
926,8.56
Axes,
Glass,
Chairs and Cabinet Ware,
Straw Bonnets,
Vessels, (average for 5 years,)
Axletrees,
Beer,
Soap and Candles,
Whale
Oil,
Copper and Brass,
Organs and Piano-fortes,
Brushes,
Gold and Silver Leaf,
Carriages and Harnesses,
Refined Sugar,
Silver Ware and Jewelry,
Chain Cables,
Umbrellas,
Saddles, Trunks and Whips,
Granite, Marble, &c.
Machinery,
Blank Books and Stationary,
Gas,
Looking Glasses and Frames,
Lasts,
Neck
Stocks, &c.
Types and Stereotypes,
Printed Books,
Clothing,
Hard Ware,
Baskets, &c.
Totals,
Hands employed
iMales-lFemales.
304
50
95
289
8
77
164
25
116
19
Capital Invested.
55
$60,000
68
665,000
2,000
47,000
16
121,000
438
182,450
124,400
10,000
12,000
93,000
135,000
756,754
302,700
93,000
43,000
318,805
976,454
228,100
60,000
65,000
177,000
336,000
326,000
78,000
100,000
147.500
40,000
122,000
157,000
925,000
1,887,666
40,000
93,000
200
220
79
22
298
92
88
20
37
120
400
287
43
40
42
29
$10,010,631
4,655
17
6
8
29
16
21
185
500
542
29
138
59
14
26
17
435
30
400
2402
6,000
30,000
125,000
100,000
316,300
163,500
38,000
11,200
82,200
303,653
111,050
75,000
36,500
83,000
165,500
183,775
49,000
375,000
55,600
18,000
58,200
140,000
850,000
769,094
18,000
38,000
•
3,967
Fisheries.
The
city of Boston
is
so limited, in regard to territory, as to
be exclud-
Much capied, in a great measure, from participating in the fisheries.
ports, in this imis, however, invested, at the out
tal of the Bostonians
During
portant branch of the resources of the wealth of New England.
5*
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
the year ending April
1, 1837, there were belonging to this city
four vesengaged in the whale fishery, and 152 in the cod
and mackerel fisheries, employing 1,919 hands.
Total tonnage, 11,253
sels
tons.
ceeds, $824,898.
Total pro-
its bills
of mortality,
Capital employed, $748,200.
Health.
To judge
of the health of a city
we must compare
for a series of years,
with those of some other city. We have ever
believed
that the climate of Boston, and of New
England generally, was as conductive to health as any portion of our country;
but having heard it
often asserted that the climate of Boston
was more favorable to some
diseases, particularly those of a pulmonary
character, or what is commonly called consumption, than that of our sister
city New York, we
have examined with great care the authenticated
bills
each city
of mortality of
for five successive years,
(1830— 1834, inclusive.) The population of Boston, in 1830, was
61,391— of New York, 202,589— a fraction less than 3 1-3 in New York to 1 in
Boston. From 1820 to 1830, the
average increase of the population of Boston was
a fraction less thin 4
annum— that of New York a fraction less than 6 1-3 per
cent, per annum.
The aggregate number of deaths in Boston during
per cent, per
those
five years,
New
m
York
Boston,
was 7,340-New York, 35,087 :-a
to 1 in
fraction
more than 4 2-3
in
Boston. In that period, the aggregate
by consumption, was 1,128— in
New York to 1 in Boston.
than 5 1-3 in
New
number of deaths
York 6,124 :— more
Fires.
common with all large towns which are chiefly
built
suffered very much by fire.
Fifty years ago the buildings
Boston, in
wood, has
of
in
the town were principally of that material;
but by efficient measures
adopted by the citizens, particularly the law
of 1803, prohibiting the construction of wooden buildings of a greater
height than 10 feet, a large portion of the old buildings have been
taken down, and their places
with
thousands of others on new sites, now present
to that destructive element
solid walls of brick and stone.
few of the most memorable fires are
here given. In October 1711, a fire broke
out in Williams' Court and
destroyed most of the buildings on both
sides of Cornhill, now Washing.
ton street, from School street to Market
square.
On the 20th of March
1760, 174 dwelling-houses, 175 warehouses,
shops, &c. were burnt
This fire was in the centre of the town,
(Cornhill,
A
State and Congress
and the amount of property consumed,
was estimated
at £100,000 sterling.
April 24, 1787, a fire commenced in
Beach street
and extending south, destroyed about
60 dwelling-houses, 40 other buildings, and the church in Hollis street.
July 30, 1794. Seven rope-walks
between Pearl and Atkinson streets, and
about 90 other
streets to Fort Hill,)
buildings in that
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
Loss estimated at more than $200,000.
On the 3d of November, 1818, the Boston Exchange Coffee-House,
This building covered 12,fire.
in Congress-square, was destroyed by
high, and from the floor to the top of
753 feet of land. It was 7 stories
apartments, and cost about half
the dome was 83 feet. It contained 210
The conflagration occurred in the evening, and the
dollars.
neighborhood were destroyed.
a million of
was awfully sublime.
sight
almost a gale,)
the 7th of July, 1824, at noon, (the wind blowing
Charles and Chesnut
15 costly dwelling-houses were burnt, on Beacon,
On
streets.
commenced on Doane street, April 7th, 1824,
ware-houses, in that part of the city, with a great amount
53 large
A very destructive fire
when
of merchandize,
were destroyed.
of buildings, containing about 35 lawyers' offices, and 20
1825.
stores and shops, on Court street, were burnt, Nov. 10,
inclusive, there were 226 fires^—the
years, 1830—1834,
A
number
During five
was
amount of property destroyed was $274,278 :— of which $140,943
In that year 71 fires
The most destructive fires were in 1833.
insured.
occurred, $89,970 value of property was destroyed, of which $57,040
was insured.
The present Fire Department was organized
in 1826.
It is
always in
to this dethe most perfect state of preparation for service. Attached
By the most powerful
are 24 engines, and 16,000 feet of hose.
partment
thrown over the
of these engines, with 250 feet of hose, water can be
grasshopper, on the cupola of Faneuil Hall, 84 feet above the pavement
Water.
The
subject of pure water
for all
the various uses of
life
has ever been
one of the first and most important considerations with settlers in all counfor comIt frequently happens that those places most suitable
tries.
ready acquirement of that indispensable element consequently the ingenuity and skill of man have devised
and executed those stupendous aqueducts, and tanks or reservoirs, both in
ancient and modern times, which have made some of the most desolate
merce are the
least favorable to the
;
parts of the globe the greatest marts of trade and most splendid cities.
Governor Winthrop and his associates located themselves at Charlestown,
and would have continued there had not the waters of Shawmut been
more agreable to their tastes. Their change of situation, on that account,
is
no compliment
town
influenced them
**
to their
chemical knowledge,
are decidedly the best.
;
for
for the
waters of Charles-
Possibly " the magic of a name'* might have
Shawmut,
in the Indian language,
is
said to
mean
springs of living waters."
The
city council, in 1834, took the long neglected subject of introduc
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
ing
soft
and pure water in+o the
city, into consideration.
By
analyses of
the waters of Boston, one of the best wells in the city was found to contain
3.6 grains of the salts of sulphate of lime, muriate of soda and muriate of
on the side of a
above
An
The well is 30 feet deep, and is situate high
Some wells were found to contain 7.5 grains of the
pound of water.
lime, to the
hill.
and many others a
salts,
much
greater quantity of noxious matter.
were 2,767 w.ells in
which number 2,085 were drinkable, and 682 bad and that
only 7 of the whole number were occasionally used for washing. The
engineer also stated that " all the dug or Artesian wells of Boston, are
in strata of different materials in very irregular position, so that whatever
may be the success in making one well, no certain result can be predicaThe wells in
ted upon another trial at a short distance from the tirst.
town are polluted by the dirty water at the surface being absorbed, setor are adulterated by mixture
tling and mingling with the veins below
able engineer stated that in October 1834, there
the city
of
;
;
;
with
little
streams of sea-water."
The Boston Aqueduct
commenced
Corporation
operations for convey-
ing water into the city from Jamaica pond, in Roxbury, in 1795.
distance from Boston to the pond
logs laid in the city
is
is
four miles, and the
72,000, or about 18 miles.
The
number
The
of feet of
greatest quantity
of water that can be supplied from this source
is
50,000 gallons daily, and
can be raised in the city
is
49 feet above tide-water.
the greatest height
According
to
it
the estimates of the quantity of water used in
London and
Philadelphia, about 28 gallons daily would be required for every person
This includes
in the city.
that is
all
ing streets, the extinguishment of
The
purposes.
is
therefore about 2,500,000
;
dollars.
in Natick, 16 miles
with
soft
all
other
;
Spot pond in Stoneham, 8
Charlestown and Medford, 7 miles
in
;
or the waters of Charles river, taken at
would almost inundate the misnamed
at an expense of about a million of
city,
and pure water,
by her incomparable water works, has added a
name New York is following her noble example,
Philadelphia,
lustre to her bright
;
by bringing the Croton
expense of
river,
45 miles,
five millions of dollars
main insensible
its
gallons, daily.
Mystic pond
Watertown, 7 miles from the
Shawmut
for stables, wash.-
manufacturing, and
quantity of water necessary for the present population
miles from the city
Long pond,
commonly used
fires, for
;
to
the
centre of the city, at an
and Boston cannot
much
longer re-
of the value of pure water, to the health and comfort of
people.
Antiquities.
Boston was described by Johnson in his " Wonder Working Provi-
dence," about the year 1663, in the following words
" Invironed
it is
with brinish
floods,
:
saving one small Istmos, which
�NEW ENGLAND
GAZETTEER.
gives free access to the neighboring towns by land, on the south side, on
northwest and northeast.
the
Two
The form
of this
constant fairs
are kept for daily
town is like a heart, naturally sithaving two hills on the fi-ontier part there jt next
uated for fortifications,
the sea, the one well fortified on the superficies thereof, with store of
tralique thereunto.
great artillery well mounted.
The
other hath a very strong battery built
of whole timber, and filled with earth
;
at the
descent of the
extreme poyut thereof betwixt these two strong arms
on which the chief part of
jiill
this
town
is
built,
hill, in
the
a cove or bay,
overtopped with a third
these like overtopping towers, keep a constant watch to see the
all
;
lies
approach of foreign dangers, being furnished with a beacon and loud
babbling guns
to
give notice by their redoubled echo
The chief
towns.
edifice of this city-like
town
and large, some
fairly set forth
with brick
all
the sister
crowded on the sea-
;
the buildings beau-
tile,
stone and slate, and
hanks, and wharfed out with great labour and cost
tiful
to
is
orderly placed with semely streets, whose continual enlargement pre-
But now behold the admirable
sageth some sumptuous city.
Christ, at this his people's landing
were such
all
;
up their young from the- eyes of
where the streets are full of girls and
that wolves and bears nurst
beholders, in those very places
boys, sporting up and
down with continued concourse
store of shipping is here yearly built,
town
here
is
acts of
the hideous thickets in this place
and some very
of people.
fair
ones.
the very mart of the land; Dutch, French, and Portugal Is
Good
This
come
to trafique."
Present condition of Boston.
Perhaps at no period since the settlement of Boston has its prosperity
been so flattering as for the last seven years. It is true that Boston increased in population and wealth with great rapidity during the wars in
Europe, from 1794
gent
;
it
to 1807.
But that growth was unnatural and contindepended solely on the caprice of the belligerent powers, who
viewed us rather
The
peace.
as servants to their necessities, than
present state of things
We
is
altogether diiFerent.
with respect.
The world
is at
look for no besieged city to supply with bread, neither do
we
seek to run the gauntlet of a blockading squadron to furnish a starving
country with the growth and produce of its own colonies. We now rely
—
on our own resources agriculture, manufactures, the fisheries, and commerce with all nations with whom we can exchange our commodities at
fair prices.
So long as we are blessed with union, good schools, good
laws, and with all those moral, religious and charitable institutions, which
make mankind wiser and better, our city, under Providence, will
continue on in the forward path to prosperity and happiness.
tend to
The
location of Boston always
gave
it
the
command
of a greater coast-
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
ing trade than any other port in the United States
;
but the great arteries
to an immense, wide-spread and rapidly increasing interior commerce
were never opened
until the rail-roads to the north, the west, the south,
and the east were constructed and in operation. By thesQ devices of human wisdom, and by the continuance of the two former crossing the wa-
—
ters of our
own Connecticut
tre of a large
and
to the
noble Hudson, and piercing the cen-
great western
Lawrence, Boston, with its enterprize and
country, to the outlet of the
fertile
oceans on the banks of the
St.
wealth, located 160 miles nearer the British capital than
not
any
fail
New
York, can-
of sustaining a fair and successful competition for this trade with
American
city on the
continent.
Motto of the City.
Sicut patj'ibus sit
Deus
nobis.
As God was with our fathers,
WITH
Bow,
Merrimack
ar.
co.,
H.,
now
poi'tion
originally
compre-
of the ter-
Pembroke
bounded N. E.
by Merrimack river, which divides
it from Pembroke, S. E. by
Hooksett, S. W. by Dunbarton, N. W.
by Concord and a part of Hopkinton.
The soil is very uneven and
ritory
constituting
and Concord.
hard, but
It is
productive
may he
be
US.
Samuel Welch,
was
laid out nine miles square,
hending a great
so
when
well
the oldest native
died in
Bow on the 5th of April, 1823, at
the age of 113 years.
He was born
at Kingston, Sept. 1st, 1710, where
he spent the early part of his life
he lived subsequently a while at
Pembroke ; but for 50 years preceding his death he resided at Bow,
in an obscure corner, and steadily
cultivated his little farm, till the
frosts of a century had whitened
his locks, and the chills of a huncitizen of
New Hampshire,
managed.
There is but one pond
of any size, called Turee pond. dred winters had benumbed his
Turkey river empties into the Mer- frame. His life was marked by no
rimack at Turkey falls, near the N. extraordinary vicissitude he was
E. part of Bow. About a mile be- never in battle, or in any public
low are Garven's falls, now passable service he was a man of industry
—
;
locks on Bow side.
Bow canal
is
situated on the Merrimack, 3
miles below Concord ; the perpendicular measurement around which
it is carried is 25 feet
its length
1-3 of a mile.
It passes through
a ledge of granite, and is for the
most part imperishable.
Its cost
was $13,860 ; and about $2,000 of
its first income were appropriated
towards clearing channels through
Turkey falls, &c. Pop. 1830, 1,065.
by
—
and temperance.
Bowbacic Mountain.
See Stratford, JV. H.
BoTvdoin, Me.
Lincoln co.
This agricultural
township is bounded on the S. E.
by Bowdoinham, and S. by Tops-
ham. It was incorporated in 1788,
and lies 17 miles W. from Wiscasset, 37 N. N. E. from Portland, and
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
20
W. from Augusta.
S. S.
Popu-
lation, 1837, 2,173.
BoAvdoiuliam, Me.
A
Lincoln co.
pleasant town
on the west side of Kennebec river,
Here is
and north of Topsham.
considerable business in the lumber trade and ship building. Twenty miles S. by W. from Augusta,
Population,
and 12 N. from Bath.
Incorporated, 1762.
1837, 2,218.
on which
are two pleasant and
flourishing villages, Bozrahville
and Fitchville, at both of which
are manufactories for cotton.
This town experienced a terrible
hail storm on the 15th of July, 1799,
by w^hich much property was lost
and many cattle injured. The hail
fell in immense quantities, someparticles of which measured six
inches in circumference. Population, 1830, 1,073.
Boxborougli, Mass.
Middlesex
Incorporated, 1783.
Population, 1837, 433. Some shoe-s,
palm-leaf hats and straw bonnets
co.
are manufactured in this town, and
large quantities of hops are grown.
It lies 25 miles N. W. by W. from
Boston, and 9 W. by N. from ConGood lime-stone is found
cord.
here.
Boxford, Mass.
This town lies 28
CO.
N. from Boston, 13 S. W.
from Newburyport, and 10 W. by
N. from Ipswich.
The annual
amount of manufactures of cotton
Essex
miles
wicking, boots, shoes and ploughs
is about
Population,
$100,000.
1837, 964.
Incoi-porated, 1685.
Boylstoii, Mass.
Worcester co. Incorporated, 1786.
Population, 1837,821.
It lies 40
miles W. from Boston, and 8 N. by
E. from Worcester.
Boylston is
watered by Nashua river, and has
iron ore and a ledge of crystalized
Fr-re are some manufacquartz.
tures of c .nbs, palm-leaf hats,
boots and shoes ;
several ponds
—
and
fine fish.
Bozrali, Ct.
New London co.
This town was
taken from Norwich in 1786. It
was formerly called New Concord.
It lies 33 miles E. S. E. from Hartford, and 5 W. from Norwich. The
soil is a gravelly loam, rich and fertile.
It is watered by Yantic river,
Bradford, Me.
Penobscot co.
This town lies
87 miles from Augusta. 4,944 bushels of wheat was raised here in
1837, with a population of 770.
See Barnard, Me.
Bradford, N. H.
Merrimack co. Situated about midway between the Merrimack and
Connecticut rivers, bounded N. by
Newbury and Sutton, E. by Warner,
S. by Henniker and Hillsborough,
W. by W^ashington \i 31 miles from
Amherst, 25 from Concord, and 80
from Boston. This town is watered
by small streams, which principally
issue from ponds,
of which the
;
—
Todd's pond, lying in
Bradford and Newbury. This pond
is supplied with water from the
hills and mountains in Newbury.
In it are a number of floating
largest
islands,
is
which
are
deemed
objects
forms the
northern branch of Vrarner river.
Pleasant, or Bradford pond, is on
the E. side of the town.
It is about
550 rods long and 150 wide.
It
communicates with Warner river
by an outlet at the N. end of it.
In this pond are several islands,
which, with the rugged declivities
on the E. bank, the waters below,
and the cottages and cultivated
fields on the west bank, present to
view, in the summer season, a wild
Many
and variegated landscape.
parts of Bradford are hilly. A large
proportion of the town, however,
lies in a valley, about thr»o dalles
of curiosity.
Its outlet
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
in width.
Near
moun-
the Sunapee
on the N. W.,is an extensive
plain, more than a mile long and
The soil
about half a mile wide.
tains,
differs in quality.
It is light,
loamy
In the easterly part are
Bradford
valuable stone quarries.
was granted to John Peirce and
or rough.
This town lies
28 miles N. from Boston, 10 W. S.
W. from Newburyport, 18 N. by W.
from Salem, and about IS miles N.
branch of the
E. from Lowell.
Boston and Lowell rail-road passes
through Bradford to Haverhill.
ulation, 1837, 2275.
A
Bradley, Me.
George
Its first
Jaffrey, in 1765.
settlement was made in 1771, by
Dea. William Presbury and his
They were soon followed
family.
by several inhabitants from Bradford in Mass., from which circumIt was
stance it derived its name.
incorporated Sept. 27, 1787, and is
mentioned in the act as including
New Bradford, Washington Gore,
and part of Washington.
Popula-
tion in 1S30, 1,285.
Bradford, Vt.
This town lies on
the W. side of Connecticut river,
25 miles S. E. from Monrpelier, 7
S. from Newbury, and 15 E. N. E.
from Chelsea.
Population, 1830,
1,507.
Bradford is a pleasant farming town, of good soil, and is well
watered by Wait's river.
About
4,500 sheep.
Orange
CO.
This
town on the south
is
a very pleasant
side of
Merrimack
and united to Haverhill by a
bridge of 650 feet in length. The
surface of the town is uneven and
the soil various
but much of the
land is of a superior quality.
Sevriver,
;
of the hills exhibit beautiful
scenery.
Bradford is celebrated for
its excellent schools and seminaries
of learning. Here are several ponds,
good fishing, and a pleasant stream
of water.
Some bricks are made
here, and considerable leather tanned but the principal manufacture
of the place is of boots and shoes, of
which, during the year ending April
1, 1837, the value of $381,748 was
made. Total amount of manufactures
that year,$394,448. Hands employed, 1,096. Incorporated, 1G75. Poperal
;
co. First settled, 1796.
Incorporated, 1835.
Population,
See Barnard, Me.
1837, 338.
Bradleyvale, Vt.,
An
unincorporated township in
Caledonia county, chartered in 1791,
containing about 4000 acres. Moose
river passes through it. It is bounded on the west by Kirby.
Most of
the land is on a mountain. It never
had more than 21 inhabitants.
Braiutree, Vt.
co.
Bradford, Mass.
Essex
Penobscot
Orange co. This is a good farming town, and produces considerable
butter, cheese, beef and pork.
It
lies 21 miles S. from Montpelier,
and 14 W. by S. from Chelsea. Population, 1830, 1209.
Branches of
White river pass through the town.
Braiutree, Mass.
Norfolk CO. This town formerly
included Quincy and Randolph, and
was first called Mount Wollaston.
It is celebrated for the antiquity of
its settlement, (1625)
and for the
eminent men it has produced, both
in church and state.
The surface
of the town is variegated by hill
and dale, presenting many delightful views of Boston, its harbor and
the adjacent country.
The soil is
a strong gravelly loam, and very
Excellent
productive.
granite
abounds here, of which large quanannually quarried and
tities are
transported
and some of the best
;
merchant ships are built of native
white oak and cedar.
The
holley
tree (Ilex aquifolium) is indigenous.
Indications of coal have been so
strong as to warrant an attempt at
mining.
The
Manatiquot river,
�NEV/
ENGLAND GAZETTEEH.
after
ia Randolph,
meanderino- through this town and
and
receivins; the waters of Great
ponds, meets the tide waters
Little
which
Braiiford, Ct.
rises
landof Boston harbor, at Braintrec
11
ia^, on Wevaiouth Fore river,
Bonon. At this place
miles from
there is considerable trade in lumber and bread stuffs, and some navigation is employed in the coasting
New Haven
New
by E. from Boston, and 12
from Dedham.
1,752
;
Population,
islands
and
The town
in the fishery.
in 1644.
Population,
beautiful pond,
1S30, 2,332.
called Saltonstall's lake, lies between Branford and East Haven.
wa's
settled
A
Brattletooroiigli, Vt.
Vrindham
co.
This town
is situ-
ated in the southeasterly quarter of
is bounded
the state and county
by Connecticut river, S. by VerE.
non and Guilford, W. by aMarlboro',
;
and N. by Dummerston.
town
At the
section of the town is the
military
site of the once famous
Fort Dummer, nothing of
post,
which is now retained but the
N. E.
excellent mill site- ; some of which
and are
lie near ship navigation,
Brain+ree was invaluable.
very
It lies 10 miles
corporated in 1640.
S.
Haven. Thimble
gaged
endin:? April 1, 1837, amounted to
$371,987. The value of boots and
shoes amounted to $202,333, and
gave emplovment to 830 persons.
affords this
An uneven
Indian islands lie within the limits
Here are fish of vaof the town.
rious kinds, a small stream of waenter, a harbor, and some vessels
The manufactrade and tisheries.
tures of Braintree consist of boots,
shoes, cotton and woolen goods, paper, leather, .nails, axes, cotton
ginns, chocolate, carriages, granv/are, and
ite, straw bonnets, tin
The value of these artivessels.
cles of manufacture, for the year
The Manatiquot
co.
township, of strong soil, on Long
Island Sound, about 7 miles E. from
At
name, Dummer Meadows.
the mouth of Whetstone brook is a
commodious landing place for river
E.
1830,
S.
1S37, 2,237.
Brattleborough is connected
with Hinsdale and Chesterfield by
a handsome covered bridge, spanning the Connecticut, and terminatthe
ino-"at its western abutment in
craft.
Bran tl on, Vt.
This
is
town
a flourishing
in Rut-
land county, 40 miles S. W. from
Montpelier, IS N. by W. from Rutland, and 16 S. from Middlebury.
and orIt was first settled in 1775,
ganized in 17S4. Populauon,1330,
linely watered
by Otter creek. Mill river, and
Spring pond ; on which streams are
l,9iO.
Brandon
is
good mill seats. Some of the land
soil, but
is level, with rather a light
that on Otter creek is the best alluBog iron ore, of an excellent
vial.
quality, is found here copperas and
;
marble are also found. There are
two curious caverns in this town.
The largest contains two apartments, each from 16 to 20 feet
It is entered by descendsquare.
ing from the surface about 20 feet.
They are formed of limestone.
1
I
I
the
east village, where the north,
south, the east, and the west lines
The
of mail stages concentrate.
town and vicinity are noticed for
salubrious air, pure water,
and fine mountain scenery. It is
watered on the east by the Connecticut, and is intersected by West
river. Whetstone brook, and nume-
their
rous smaller streams.
There are
water power on tho
larger streams, unoccupied, and in-
many
sites for
The east vilvitfng to enterprize.
lage is the general business mart
Of its
for the surrounding towns.
own internal business and industry,
one instance is given of many of
"The Brattleboro*
less amount.
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
Typof^ranhic Co." was incorporated
Capital, $150,000.
Oct. 2J, "1338.
Tlie Company is extensively cngao-e<i in the manufactare of paper
and books. Their paper mill is furnished with the bast machinery,
and is capable of turning out from
40 to 50 reams of the largest printing paper, or from 150 to 200 reams
of letter paper per day.
Their
printing oliice contains eight power
prer.sc3.
There are employed in
the estalilishment from (iO to 70
male and female operatives.
So
great are their facilities, that they
have taken rags and manufactured
them into paper, and printed it, on
the same day.
Probably there i? no
esta!)li3hment in the count.-y which
combines so many facilities for carrying on the book business as this.
The Company publish a variety of
bibles and other valuable works.
The value of business done at this
estaMi.:hment, in 1S36, is stated to
Kingston. The soil is better adapted to grass than grain, although
some
made
none
in
to its size,
is
second
have been
Exeter river
qualities.
its
passes nearly through the centre
of the town, and there are other
streams of less magnitude connect-
Pick-pocket falls, on
town, and
near them are situated an extensive cotton factory, and a number
of mills.
card i'acory has been
established here, which promises
to be of great utility
and also an
iron furnace for casting machinery.
ing with
Exeter
it.
river, are in this
A
;
Quantities of iron ore have been
found, and it was formerly worked
with success.
Vitriol, combined
in masses with sulphur, has also
been found here, lirentwood was
incorporated June 2G, 1742.
Population, in 1830, S91.
Erewcr, Me.
Penobscot co. Brewer lies on
the Penobscot river, opposite to the
city of Bangor.
It was taken from
have amounted to .|;.500,000.
It i< presumed that this village,
according
improvements
in
Orin2;ton in
1337, 1,622.
to
the state foi- business or
The surface of the town
1812.
Population, in
It is
watered by the
diversified by hills, vales, and
plains ; is of good soil, and generally well improved.
It is 12 miles
Segeunkedunk, on which are mills
Considerable
of various kinds.
quantities of lumber, hay, potatoes,
tanners' bark and wood, are annu-
S. E. from Newfane, 96 S. from
Montpelier, 90 W. of Boston, and
16 E. N. E. from Albany. Popu-
town was named in compliment to
Col. Jolin Brewer, one of the first
wealth.
is
lation, 1320,
2,017— 1S30',
ISremeii,
ally exported from this town.
2,141.
Worcester,
M.ass.
privileges at this
place are equal to those at Bangor.
settlers,
The navigable
Me.
Lincoln co. This town was formerly a part of Bristol. It is bounded N. by Nobleborough, west by
Bristol, south by Pemmaquid point
in Bi-i<tol, and east by Muscongu?
Erewster, Mass.
island in Muscongus bay.
It lies
iabout -40 miles S. E. fvam Augusta,
and 15 E. S. E. from Wiscasselt, and
possesses great navioable privileges.
Population, 1837, 773.
Brentwood, N, H.
Rockingham co. Brentwood is
bounded E. by Exeter, N. by Eppiiig, W. by Poplin, and S. by
from
The
i
Barnst.'ble co.
This town was
the Indian Saivkatucket.
It was
taken from Harwich, in 1830, and
took its name from Elder,Brewster,
one of the first settlers of Plymouth ; a man of great learning and
piety, who died, 1044.
In common with all the towns on Cape
Cod, a large number of ship-masters, sailing to foreign ports, belong
here.
From three ponds in this
town, coverin,"; about 1,000 acres, a
aever-ioiling stream of water is pro-
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
of which a very large amount is annually made and transported.
rail-road from this place is in contemplation, to pass up the Housatonick river, and meet the Boston
and Albany rail-road at West StockThe populatioa
bridge, in" Mass.
of the borough of Bridgeport, in
The present pop1830, was 1,800.
ulation of the city exceeds 4,000.
E.
Bridgeport lies 62 miles N.
York, 17 S. W. from
from
Haven, and 4 E. by N. from
The distance from this
Fairfield.
place to Setauket, on Long l^land,
across the Sound, is about IS miles.
duced; on which are a cotton mill,
carding inili, luacliino sliop and othThe value of the
er small mill?.
manuf.ictures of cotton gooils, boot's,
A
shoes, leather, axes, chairj, cabinet
and tin warej, laiupblack, Ep>om
and
common
salt>,
amounted,
in
one
Product of the
year, to $52,072.
cod and mackerel fishery, $9,050.
Brewster lies on the north side of
the Cape, IG miles E. by N. from
E;irnstable, and G
New
N. N. W. from
New
Population, 1S37, 1,534.
are about 1,000 sheep.
Chatham.
Here
Bridgeport, Ct.
The town of Bridgewas formerly a part of Stratford, and was incorporr ud by its
it contains
present name in 1821.
Fairfield co.
Ericl^^ctou, Die.,
port
Cumberland
co.,
is
pleasantly-
situated on the border of Long pond,
and near the head of navigation to
about 10 square miles, of a strong
and fertile soil, under excellent culThat part of Bridgeport
tivation.
Portland, by the Cumberiand and
The distance fio-m
canal.
this place to Portland, by navigable
The toil
waters, is about 50 miles.
of Bridgeton is good, and produced
in 1837 4,000 bushels of wheat.
Its location affords it great fnoiliMes
Oxford
the city now stands was
called the village of Newfield, until 1800, when it was incorporated
as a borough by its present name.
In 183() it became a city. This is
one of those beautiful and flourishEngland, the
ing places in
where
for
inland
trade.
Long
poi;d
is
about 10 miles in length and 1 in
It empties into Crooked
breadth.
New
pride of Yankees and the admiraIt is located on
tion of strangers.
an elevated plain, on the west side
of an arm of Long Island Sound,
which passes into Scbago
This town lies 74 miles S.
W. by W. from Augusta, and 40
N. W, from Portland, by the road.
river,
pond.
and commands extended views oi
Long Island and the surrounding
country. The city is built in a style
of great neatness and some elegance. The harbor is safe, but the
naviijation for large vessels is impeded by a bar at its mouth, of
about 13 feet draught of water at
large business is
high tides.
done here in the coasting trade
son\e in foreign commerce, and
some in the whale and other fish-
A
;
Population, 1837, 1,863.
Eridge^vater, N. H.
Originally part of
Grafion co.
New Chester; now Hill, wa-< incorIt is bounded N.
porated, 1738.
by Plynjouth and Hebron, on the E.
by Pen.igewa-^set river, dividing it
from part of Holderness and New
Hampton, on
the S. by
(he W. by
which separates
on
Bri'ii^tol,
and
Newfound pond,
it from Alexandria.
watered by the
some water The soil is well adapted to grazPequanork, affording
There is a commodious ing, and few townships in this vipower.
in this respect.
bridge across the harbor, 412 yards cinity exceed it
Mayhew turnpike pa-ses
for the The
in length, with a draw
This is an im- throujrh the W. part, near Newpassa2;e of vessels.
manufacturing city, par- found pond, and the main road from
portant
Plymouth through the
ticularly of saddlery and carriages. Concord to
eries.
The
city
is
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
E.
part near
The
first
Pemigewasset
settlement wo.s
river.
made
in
1763, by Thomas Crawford, Esq.,
the tract comprised the whole
of Nev/ Ciiester, Bridgewater, and
Bristol.
Population, in 1S30, 783.
when
Bridgewater, Vt.
Windsor co. This town is bounded E. by Vfoodstock, and lies 45
miles S. from Montpelier, 17 N.
W. from Windsor, and 60 N. E.
from Bennias-ton. Population, 1820,
1,125; 1830; 2,320.
The settlement of the town commenced in
1780.
In 1785 the town was organized.
There are many good
mill seats in this town, on Waterqueechy river, and considerable
fine intervale lies on the borders of
that stream.
The high lands are
good, and produce valuable crops.
It feeds about 6,000 sheep.
Here
are found iron ore, garnets, rock
mica slate, gneiss, limestone, quartz, and excellent soapstone.
In 1822, a living frog was
crystal,
taken from 26 feet below the surface of the ground, about 30 rods
from the river. ^
Bridge^vater, Mass.
Plymouth co.
was formerly very
This township
large.
It is
now
divided into four distinct towns.
Not content with attaching the cardinal points of the compass to the
names of three divisions of this
ancient and respectable town, this
remnant of the old territory is often
improperly called South Bridgewater.
The Indian name of thi^ township was JWmketest.
Bridgewater contains some very good land,
and is well watered by branches of
Taunton river.
It lies 27 miles S.
by E. from Boston, 20 S. S. W.
from Plymouth, and 17 S. from
Weymouth
landing.
Population,
This
1,855; 1837, 2,092.
town was first settled in 1651, and
incorporated in 1656.
The settlements were nearly all destroyed by
1830,
the Indians, in 1676.
Manufactur
ing operations commenced here at
an early period.
Hugh Orr, an
eminent Scotchman, carried on the
manufacture of cannon and small
arms duj-ing the revolutionary war.
The present manufactures consist
of boots, shoes, hats, paper, anchors,
bar iron (from native ore,) iron
castings, nails, tacks, axes,
cotton
ginns, straw bonnets, &c.
The
va^ue of these manufactures, in
one year, amounted to about $250,000, and gave employment to 400
hands.
Bridport, Vt.
Addison
co.
Bridport
was
first
and organized as a
town in 1785. It is bounded on the
W. by lake Champlain, and is op-
settled
in 1768,
posite to
Crown
Point, in the state
New
York.
It is 12 miles W.
by S. from Middlebury, 37 S. from
Burlington, and 45 S. W. from
Montpelier. Population,1830, 1,774.
The surface is nearly level, with
a loamy soil and sandstone.
The
water is bad to the taste, and contains Epsom salts.
It has a harbor
on the lake, and the business of the
town is considerable.
Across the
lake to Crown Point is about 2
of
A
miles.
visit to the ruins of this
ancient fortress, so renowned in the
annals of the revolutionary war, and
elevated 47 feet above the level of
the lake, is a great treat to the
contemplative traveller, or the lo\'er
of splendid scenery.
From these
warlike ruins to those of Ticonderoga, is 15 miles, S.
BrigJiton, Me.
This town is situated in the
county of Somerset and boundIt was ined by Athens on the S.
corporated in 1316, and is 120 miles
N. N. \N. from Portland, 50 N.
from Augusta, and about 30 W.
from Dover.
Population, 1837,
798.
The same year it produced
5,203 bushels of wheat.
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
Brigliton, Vt.
tion, 1830, 105.
miles E.
by N. from
Springfield, 50
W. N. W. from Providence,
and 70 W. by S. from Boston.
See Barnard. Me.
A town in Essex county.
Popula-
ulation, 1837, 1,599.
Briglxtoii) Mass.
Middlesex co. This was formerly a part of Cambridge, and called
"
Little
Cambridge"
poration
until its incor-
It lies 5 miles
in 1807.
S. W. from Boston, 13 S. E. from
Concord, 35 E. from Worcester, 8
N. by E. from Dedham, and 15 N.
W. by N. from Weymouth landing.
Population, 1830, 972
1837, 1,337.
The western and northern bounda;
ries of this
Store do.
Sheep,
Swine,
13,685,
132,697,
19,639,
203,788,
1837.
Beef
154,564.
215,618.
70,971.
$1,419,143.
Value.
J\ro.
cattle,
Store do.
Sheep,
Swine,
32,664,
16,210,
110,206,
17,052,
$1,567,872.
486,480.
275,515.
119,364.
I.,
Pop-
First settled,
1714.
Incorporated, 1731. This is
a fine farming town, with a good
and is well watered by Chickopee and Quinebaugh rivers. The
articles manufactured in this town,
in one year, amounted to $105,262.
The manufactures consisted of cotsoil,
ton
goods,
boots,
shoes,
leather,
palm-leaf hats, chairs and cabinet
ware. The value of wool grown,
in one year, was $4,067.
town are washed by
Charles river. The soil is excellent and highly cultivated, and, in
common with all the towns in the
vicinity of Boston, Brighton has become the residence of many people of wealth and taste, who possess
beautiful country seats and splendid gardens.
Winship's garden
is noted throughout the country for
its nursery of fruit-trees and shrubbery, and for its grand display of
plants and flowers of every variety.
Brighton is the largest cattle market
in New England.
Monday is the
market day,when sellers and buyers
meet in throngs to traffic in live
stock, both for slaughter and domestic use.
The sales in 1830 and 1837
are here given.
1830.
JVo.
Value.
Beef cattle, 37,767,
$977,990.
R.
Bristol County-) Mass.
Taunton and JVew Bedford
the county towns.
The surface of
somewhat
level.
Its
this
county
are
is
broken, but generally
soil in many parts is of
an inferior quality. There are 12,468 sheep. Area, 600 square miles.
It has a maritime coast of considerable extent, audits people are extensively
engaged
The tonnage
in
of the
navigation.
two
districts
county (New Bedford and
Dighton) is 94,163 tons. This county gives rise to many important
streams that fall into Massachusetts
and Narraganset bays, and its water power is abundant in almost every town. It abounds in excellent
iron ore, and in no section of our
country, of its extent, are more extensive manufactures of that matein this
almost all the uses of man.
This county is bounded N. by Norfolk CO., E. by Plymouth co., S. E.
by Buzzard's bay, and W. by the
counties of Providence, Bristol,
and Newport, R. I. In king Philip's time this part of the country
rial, for
was called Pawcunnawcutt.
It
was incorporated in 1685. Population, in 1820,
40,908
1830, 49,474 ;
and in 1837, 58,152 97 inhabitants
to a square mile. Value of the manufactures, for the year ending April
1 1837, $7,929,479. Product of the
;
:
176,132,
$2,449,231.
,
Brimiieltl, Mass.
Hampden
co.
This town
6*
lied
19
fishery, $2,188,656.
The TauntoQ
and Pawtucket are its chief rivers.
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
Bristol County, R.
Bristol
is
I.
the chief town.
The
county in
New England, except the county
of Suffolk, in Massachusetts, belonged to the colony of Massachusetts until 1746.
It is bounded on
the N. by Bristol county, Mass.,
E. by Mount Hope bay, and S. and
W. by the upper waters of Narraganset b-ay. Area, 25 square miles.
The location of this county, on the
beautiful waters of Mount Hope
and Narragansetbays, affords it unterritory of this smallest
rivalled
for navigation.
generally a deep gravelly
loam and very fertile, producing various kinds of grain and fruits ; and
has about 4,000 sheep. The rocks
are mostly granite.
Bristol county
affords some of the best scenery in
New England, and is otherwise interesting as being, for many years,
the residence of the brave and cruel
Philip.
Population, 1830, 5,466:
218 inhabitants to a square mile.
The
facilities
soil is
Bristol, Me.
Lincoln co. This town is bounded N. by Nobleborough and Bremen, W. by Damariscotta river, S.
by the sea, and E. by Muscongus
bay. " Bristol Mills," so called, is
the centre of the town, or the chief
of business.
The town is
finely watered by the Damariscotta
and Pemmaquid, and possesses great
place
hydraulic power and navigable
cilities.
There are
a
number
fa-
of
islands in the waters around Bristol,
which make a beautiful appearance;
some of them are quite large, and
inhabited.
The surface of Bristol
not mountainous, but elevated,
"with a good soil.
number of
square rigged vessels belong to this
town ; about 20 sail are engaged in
the coasting trade, and a great number of smaller vessels are employed in the bank and shore fisheries.
Bristol lies 15 miles S. E. from Wiscasset, GO N. E. from Portland, and
32 S. E. from Augusta. Populais
A
tion, 1837, 2,788.
This town was
incorporated in 1765. There was
a temporary settlement here as early as 1625.
In an old fort, on the
banks of the Pemmaquid, once called William Henry, and afterwards
Frederick George, built of stone, in
1692, and taken by the French in
1696, " are found grave stones of a
very early date, and streets regularly laid out and paved, in the vicinity of the fort.
On the side of
the river, opposite to the fort, tan
pits have been discovered, the plank
remaining in a state of preservation..
In other places coffins have
been dug up, which bear indubitable evidence of a remote antiquity."
"A considerable portion of
the inhabitants of Bristol are of
Irish extraction, a small part of
Scotch, a few of German and English.
The predominant characteristics of the inhabitants are frankness and hospitality, a generous liberality of sentiment, and an ardent
love of liberty and independence.
There are few of that class of men
who are esteemed opulent. The
most wealthy are those who labor
daily with their hands, and raise by
their own individual exertions the
bread they consume. On the other
hand, the population of the miserably poor is very small, and the
town
is
burthened with but few
Bristol was the resiCommodore Samuel Tuck-
paupers."
dence
oi
er, distinguished for his bravery in
the revolutionary war.
Bristol, N.
H.
Bristol, in the S. E. part of Graf-
N. by Bridgewater, E. by Pemigewasset river,
and W.by Hill. It is 16 miles S.from
Plymouth, and SON. from Concord.
The land is hilly, but has, in genNewfound pond,
eral, a good soil.
about 6 miles in length and from
2 to 3 miles in width, lies in Ibis
town and in Hebron. Its waters
are discharged through Newfound
river, a stream about 2 miles long
ton county, is bounded
�GAZETTEER.
NEW ENGLAND
and 100 feet wide, into Pemigewasof
set river. At the confluence
these rivers is a pleasant village,
of
a cotton factory, and a number
Bristol was
mill seats.
valuable
a deep, gravelly loam, very
and productive. Great quanfertile
tities of onions are produced here;
the cultivation of which gives a
soil is
lucrative
employment
to
a
great
number of the inhabitants. Poputaken from Bridgewater and New
lation, in 1830, 3,054.
Chester, and incorporated .June 24,
Mount Hope lies about 2 miles
settlement was
tirst
The
1819.
N. E. of the court house. It is of
made in 1770. Population, in 1830,
a conical form, and though not more
799.
than 300 feet above tide water, preBristol, Vt.
sents a view of great interest and
Addison co. It is 25 miles S. W.
from Montpelier, 11 N. from Middlebury, and 25 S. E. from BurlingThe town is mountainous;
ton.
some parts of it, about the " Hog's
Back" and " South Mountain," are
On the west
unfit for cultivation.
the mountains is some fine
side of
About 2,200 sheep are kept
land.
Bristol is watered by New
here.
Haven river, Baldwin and Lewis'
beauty.
Mount Hope bay is an arm of
Narraganset bay it extends N. E.
from Bristol to Fall river and Somerset, and receives the waters of
;
Taunton
river.
Bristol, Ct.
Hartford co. This town was taken from Farmington in 1785. It
which
is watered by some streams
and
natural flow into Farmington river,
creek, and some beautiful
within its limits
Here is a good water pow- there are found
ponds.
Pop- iron and copper ores, and granite.
er, and some manufactures.
The copper mine is very rich and
ulation, in 1830, 1,247.
productive, and will probably beBristol, R. I.
come a source of great wealth.
" The surface of the town is uneThis is the chief town of Bristol
a gravPocanocket of the In- ven and hilly, and the soil is
county the
;
dians.
It
is
delightfully
situated
on the waters of Narraganset and
lat. 41° 39'
Mount Hope bavs,
53" N., Ion. 71° 19' W. It lies 15
miles S. from Providence, 15 N.
from Newport, and 56 S. S. W.
from Boston. Its navigable advan-
m
The comtages are unrivalled.
merce of this place is not so extenstill there is consive as formerly
It has
siderable maritime trade.
engaged in the whale
IS vessels
fishery, 15 or 20 sail in the merchant service, and a lar^e number
;
The amount
in the coasting trade.
of tonnage in this district in 1837,
was 16,627 tons. Much of the capmanital of this town is employed in
ufacturing concerns at other places.
The town comprises an area of
about 12 square miles, including
Mount Hope, once the residence of
the celebrated king Philip. The
elly loam, and considerably fertile,
producing all kinds of grain, grass
and fruit, common to this region.
is a manufacturing town, and
inhabitants are distinguished
for their enterprize and industry.
There are at present sixteen clock
factories, in which nearly 100,000
brass and wooden clocks have been
manufactured in a single year.
The manufacture of buttons is also
Bristol
carried on in this place."
Hartford,
is 16 miles W. by S. from
This
the
and 28 N. from
ulation,
1830,
New Haven.
Pop-
1,707; 1837, about
2,500.
Brookfield, N. H.
It is 45 miles from
Strafford co.
Concord, and 90 from Boston ; was
originally a part of Middleton, from
which it was separated and incor-
porated Dec. 30, 1794.
The
soil is
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
good.
of the
Cook's pond
is the source
of Salmon-Fall
river.
There is also another small
pond, covering about 15 acres, directly on the top of Moose mountain, which has always about the
same quantity of water, and a variety of fish in it.
Population, in
1830, 679.
W. branch
springs, but has no important mill
privileges.
This is a fine grazing
town, and feeds about 10,000 sheep.
The products of the dairy are considerable.
Here are some manufactures, and an inexhaustible bed
which lime
first
is
made.
settled in 1779,
and organized in 1781.
Brookiield, Ct.
Fairfield co.
This town
Population,
1880, 1,677.
lies
33
W. from New Haven, 24
N. by W. from Fairfield, and 6 N.
miles S.
from
Orange co. On the high lands
between Onion and White rivers
40 miles N. by W. from Windsor,
16 S. from Montpelier, and bounded
by Chelsea on the S. E. It is watered by a number of ponds and
The town was
silk.
by E. from Danbury.
Brookiield, Vt.
of marl, from
These manufactures, for the
year ending April 1, 1837, amounted to $248,502, exclusive of the
legs.
It
New
was taken
Milford, Danbury, and
Newtown, in 1788, and named after the first minister. Rev. Thomas
Brooks, who was ordained when
the church was organized, in 1758.
The surface of the town is somewhat broken, but the soil is strong,
and well adapted to the culture
of grain.
The rocks in many parts
of the town are limestone, and afford marble.
The N. E.^^boundary
is washed by the Housatonick river, over which is a bridge to Milford ; and Still river passes nearly
through its centre. Fish, particularly shad, are taken in its waters.
Population, 1830, 1,261.
Bi-ookfield, Mass.
Brookline, N. H.
Worcester co. The Indian Quaboag, a large, fertile and beautiful
township, in two parishes, well wa-
On the S. line
7 miles from Amherst, 35 from Concord, and 43 from
Boston.
Nisitissit is the only river
in Brookline.
It rises in the N. E.
part of Mason
passes through the
S. part of Milford into Brookline,
pursuing a S. E. course to Potanipo
pond. From the pond it runs S. E.
to Hollis, passing through the S. W.
corner of that town into Pepperell,
where it empties into Nashua river.
Potanipo, or Tanapus pond, is situated near the meeting house.
It is
about a mile long and one third of a
mile wide. Brookline formerly belonged to Massachusetts. It wag
incorporated March 30, 17(59, by
the name of Baby.
In Nov. 1798,
the name was altered by an act of
the legislature to Brookline.
Population, in 1830, 627.
tered by several large ponds, which
give rise to a principal branch of
Chickopee river. For about forty
years after its first settlement, in
1660, this town suffered exceedingly by the Indians.
The ponds afford fine fish of various kinds, and
in this town is a mineral spring of
some celebrity. It lies 58 miles
W. from Boston, 18 W. from Worcester, and 7 E. from Ware.
Incorporated, 1673. Population, 1830,
2,342; 1837,2,514. The agricultural products of this town are butter, cheese, wool, and fine beef cattle.
The manufactures consist of
boots, shoes, leather, iron castings,
ploughs, chairs, cabinet ware, palmleaf hats, silver plate, shoe makers rolling and shingle machines,
sleighs, carpenters' hammers, coach
wrenches, sewing
silkj
and wooden
Hillsborough
of the state.
co.
It is
;
Brookline, Vt.
Windham
co.
Set off from Put-
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
of this brave man. Dr.
ney and Athens in 1794. The east- Speaking
observes," During the gayDwight
erly part of the town is elevated
A
deep valley
and unproductive.
runs through the town, in which
Its principal
is some good land.
stream is Grassy brook, a branch of
West river. An exten-^ive bed of
Popporcelain clay is found here.
35 miles S.
ulation, 1830, .376.
from Windsor, 10 N. E. from Newfane, and IS N. from Brattleborough.
and most thoughtless period of
he regarded religion with
profound reverence, and read the
scriptures with the greatest atten-
est
his life,
tion."
Brooks Me.
;
Waldo CO. This town is 11 miles
N. N. W. from Belfast, and 45 N.
It produced in
E. from Augusta.
1837, 3 ,475 bushels of wheat. From
Paasaggassawakeag pond issues a
Brool^Lae, Mass.
of the same name, which
Norfolk CO. This delightful town stream
setby the passes into Belfast bay. First
is connected with Boston
Incorporated, 1816.
1798.
tled,
mill-dam across Charles river bay
1837, 800.
one of the most beautiful and ex- Population,
pensive avenues leading to the city^.
Brooksville, Me.
5
It is distant from Boston about
Hancock co. On the E. side of
miles S. W., and from DedhamS
Penobscot bay, opposite to Islesbomiles N. N. E. Incorporated, 1705.
This town rough and Casline. It is bounded
Population, 1837,1,083.
bay,
surface, on ^he N. by an arm of that
is remarkable for its varied
This
includes cape Rosico.
state of cultivation, elegant and
high
well located for navigation
country seats and gardens, excel- town is
fisheries. It lies 80 miles E.
roods, and for its rich and pic- and the
lent
Many gentle- from Augusta, and about 25 S. E.
turesque scenery.
Population, 1837,
men of taste and fortune make this from Ellsworth.
;
i
1,192.
their residence.
Brooklyn,
Shire town of
Bro\^'nlielcl,
Ct.
Windham
This
co.
town is finely watered by Quinnebaug river, and Blackw^elTs stream.
CanIt was taken from Pomfret and
;
Incorporated,
1837, 1,178.
44 W. from Providence, R. I.,
and about 20 N. by E. from Norwich. Population, 1S30, 1,451.
Good landscapes are obtained from
the Gray Mare and Tetnuck hills.
Here is" a cave called the Lion's
Ben, and a mineral spring of some
ford,
The
171S.
He
died
Chartered, 1790. Population,
It is divided from Iras1830, 412.
burs, on the W., by Barton river.
In this town are about 1,500 sheep.
ton.
celebrated hero.
May
29,
1790.
Population,
Orleans co. Willoughby river, a
branch of Barton river, furnishes
this town with a good mill stream.
MontIt lies 45 miles N.^N. E. from
pelier, and 57 N. E. from Burling-
.
General Israel Putnam, lived many
He
year? and died in this town.
was born at Salem, Mass., Jan. 7,
1802.
BrOAvnington, Vt.
the varieties common to
This
a fertile erazing country.
lies 30 miles E. from Harttown
all
notoriety.
Me.
Oxford CO. Bounded E. by Sacc
river, and contains several ponds
and streams 81 miles S. E. from
Augusta, and 30 S. W\ from Paris.
terbury in 1786. The land is uneven, and somewhat stony; but the
abundsoil is strong, producing in
ance
Incorporated, 1817.
BroAViiville,
I
Me.
Bounded on the
Piscataquis co.
N. and E. by Pleasant river, S. by
Williamsburgh, and
W. by Vaug-
�NEW ENGLAND
han.
Incorporated, 1824.
lation, 1S37, 532.
It lies
Popuabout 20
miles N. from Dover, 97 N. N. E.
from Augusta, and 171 N. N. E.
from Portland. This is a good township of land, and produced, in 1837,
o,252 bushels of wheat.
Brujis^vicls,
descend the Androscoggin to this
place, and lumber of all kinds is
sent to Bath in gondolas, or transported by land to the sea board.
rail-road, of about 4 miles in length,
is contemplated, for the transportation of lumber. There are 30 board
saw mills at this place, exclusive of
those in Topsham. Two cotton and
woolen factories were erected here
but they were both burnt in 1824.
Another factory was built in JS34,
calculated for 4,000 spindles.
It is
of stone, five stories high, and 174
by 45 feet. Other factories are contemplated.
This place, possessing
A
;
such an eshaustless water power,
and situated on navigable waters,
and on a large and beautiful river,
extending 140 miles info the heart
of a fertile and healthy country,
cannot fail of very soon becoming
one of our largest manufacturing
towns.
Bi-unswick was first settled in
1627, and incorporated in 1739.
It
has been the scene of much savage
aggression.
See Register.
This town was
Oxford CO. This town is finely
watered by a branch of AndroscogIt is bounded on the W.
gin river.
by Paris, and is 34 miles W. by S.
from Augusta, and 50 N. by W.
Population, 1837,
from Portland.
1,618. The soil of this town is very
Among its agricultural progood.
duct-, in 1837, it yielded 5,613 bushels of wheat.
Euclcland, Mass.
This is a pleasant
Franklin co.
town and is separated from Charle-
mont by Deerfiehi river.
It lies
102 miles W. by N. from Boston,
10
W. from
S. E.
1779.
Greenfield, and 20 E.
Incorporated,
Population, 1837, 1,051.—
from Adams.
This is a good farming town, and
produces a considerable quantity of
wool.
Biiclcsport,
Hancock
Me.
This town lies on
the E. side of Penobscot river, 15
miles below Bangor, 61 N. E. by
E. from Augusta, and about 18 W.
by N. from Ellsworth.
It has a
fine harbor for vessels of the largest class, and which is seldom obco.
structed by ice.
The soil is good,
and the town is watered by a number of ponds and streams. Considerable shipping belong to this place,
and the trade is quite extensive,
particularly in the lumber business.
has some manufactures.
From
1792 to 1816, Bucksport was called
Buckstoion. Ths is a very beautiful town, elevated, healthy, and
It
Brunswick, Vt.
CO.
BuckJield, Me.
co.
substantial bridge. It is 27 miles N.
E. from Portland, 30 S. of Augusta,
and 3 W. from Bath. Population, in
1830, 3,747; and in 1837, 4,136. It
lies at the head of the tide waters,
where vessels of 400 tons are built.
Vast quantities of timber and logs
Essex
Nulhegan river, and Wheeler
There are
and Paul's streams.
some beautiful ponds in town, and
a mineral spring said to contain medicinal virtues. It is 55 miles N. E.
from Montpelier, 14 N. from Guildhall,
and opposite to Stratford,
of
N. H.
Me.
This town is on
the S. side of Androscoggin river,
and connected with Topshajn by a
Cumberland
GAZETTEER.
first
settled in 1780.
Population, 1830,
160.
It lies on the W. side of
Connecticut river, and has some
excellent mill sites on the waters
flourishing.
It
is
situated
just
above the head of Orphan's island.
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
a Ibrt is to be erected.
PopuIation,lS30, 2,237; 1837,2,825.
on wLich
Biu-ke, Vt.
about the year 1786. The
surface of the township is agreeably diversified, and is so much elevated above the lake that the air is
officers
A mountain, 3,500
pure and wholesome.
This town is not surpassed in
beauty of location by any one in
New England. It lies on the east
shore of Burlington bay, and occupies a gentle declivity, descending
towards the west and terminated by
The prinstone (novacuUte) is found on an the waters of the lake.
cipal streets, running east and west
in Memphremagog lake.—
island
and these
stones are brought in their are one mile in length,
Caledonia co.
divides this town
from Victory, on the E. Branches
of Passumpriic river pass through it,
and afford a good water power.
This is a phice" of some manufacturcs,pa;-ticularly of oil stones. Tiiis
feet in height,
The
and their quality is
said to equal those from Turkey.
The soil of the town is good, and
abounds with hard-wood and ever-
rough
state,
A
large number of sheejj
greens.
Burke was tirst setare kept here.
Population, 1S30,
tled in 17S0.
8fi8.
It lies 40 miles N. E. from
Montpelier, and 19 N. E. from Danville.
co.
and St. Johns and between this
and Plattsburgh, besides numerous
of
arrivals of irregular boats, sloops,
in 1837,
Three extensive wharves,
&c.
with slore-hou-es, have been constructed and most of the merchandize designed for the north-eastern
The number
town
inhabitants in
was 277. They produced the
year 2,106 bushels of wheat.
this
same
See
Barnard, Me.
Burlington, Vt.
This is the chief town in the
county of Chittenden. It is delightfully situated upon the tongue
of land formed by the confluence
of the Winoo>ki,or Onion river, with
This is the most
lake Champlain.
It
important town in Vermont.
lies in lat. 44° 27' N. and in Ion.
73=* 15' W.
It is 38 miles W. N.
W. from Montpelier, 62 S. by E.'
from St. Johns, L. C, 80 S. S. E.
from Montreal, 70 N. from Whitehall, 22 S. E. from Pittsburgh, 10
miles across the lake to Port Kent,
N. Y. and 440 from Washington.
Although some beginnings were
made before that event, no permanent settlement was effected in this
township till about ihe close of the
revolution in 1783.
A
the business on lake Champlain
centres at this place, and the town
is rapidly increasing in wealth and
There are regular
consequence.
daily lines of steam-boats between
this place and Whitehall, between
this
Burlington, Me.
Penobscot
are intersected at right angles by
streets running north and south,
and cutting the whole village into
lai-ge share of
regular squares.
The town was
organized by the election of town
section of Vermont is landed here.
The trade is principally with the
York, although Montcity of
For
real and Troy have a share.
the safety of the navigation, a light-
New
house has been erected on Juniper
island, at the entrance of Burlington bay, and for the security of the
harbor, a breakwater has been commenced here at the expense of the
There are
oencral t!;overnmcnt.
of mail stages which arrive and depart daily, besides three
ifour lines
or four others which come in and
go out twice or thrice a week.
The public buildings are six
churches, the University of Ver-
mont, the Episcopal Institute, the
court house, two banks, the Academy and two female seminaries.
The University consists of four
spacious ediljces, located upon the
summit at the eastern extremity of
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER,
villasfe, more than 250 feet
above the level of the lake, and commands one of the finest prospects
in the United States.
The village,
the lake, with its bays and islands
its steam-boats and sloops,
the
Winooski river, dashing through
frightl\il chasms and then winding
among the beautiful meadows, and
the distant and lofty mountains
which form the great outline,
render the view from the dome of
the University one of the most variegated and interesting to be met
with in our country.
As a part of Burlington may be
mentioned the village called "Win-
the
—
—
ooski City."
It is situated on both
sides of the Winooski river, partly
in Burlington and partly in Colchester, and is one mile from the
village of Burlington.
The water
power here
is
some purpose.
mills, a large
Besides two saw
grist mill, a
machine
shop and numerous smaller works,
there is a large satinet factory and
extensive block factory now in
successful operation, and a woolen
m
factory of the
first
class is to
com-
mence running
the present season.
substantial covered bridge connects the two sides of the river; a
handsome church, and several stores
have been erected, and 'Winooski
City' bids fair to become a place of
business and importance. See Reg-
A
ister.
Burlington, Mass.
Middlesex co. This town is watered by Vine brook, a branch of
the Shawsheen river.
It lies 11
miles S. E. from Lowell, 10 N. E.
from Concord, and 1.3 N. W. by N.
from Boston.
Population, 1837,
522,
Some shoes are made here.
The soil is light, and suitable for
the growth of rye and hops.
Eurliiigtoii, Ct.
Hartford co.
An
agricultural
Me.
Biirjiliani,
Waldo
CO.
It lies 37 miles N.
E. from Augusta, and about 30
N.'
W. from Belfast.
W. by Sebasticook
It is
bounded
river,
Troy.
s!
and E. by
Incorporated, 1824.
Popu1S37, 602.
It produced
2,297 bushels of wheat in 1837.
lation,
Eiiriiliain's
See
sufficient for propel-
ling almost any amount of machinery, and is beginning to be employed
to
township, with a soil of gravelly
loam, pleasantly diversified by
hills
and vales, 17 miles W. from
Hartlord, and .3G N. from New
Haven
Population, 1830, 1,301. It is water
ed by Farmington rivei-,and was
taken from Bristol in 1806. This
town
has some manufactui-es. and
has
been noted for the equality of its
inhabitants, in regard to property.
Lyman,
River, W. H.
JS''.
H.
Burnt Coat Island, Me.
Hancock
co.
A
large island, surolhers of a smaller
size, lying off Blue Hill bay,
E. by
S. from Deer island about
13 miles,
and about 6 miles S. by W. from
the town of Mount Desert.
It has
a light-house and good harbors,
and
is a fine location for the
shore fishery.
rounded by
Biirrilville,
R.
I.
Providence co. This town was
taken from Gloucester in 1808. It
is finely watered by
Branch river,
with many branches; one branch
of which lises in Allum pond,
partly in this town and partly in Douglas,
Mass. This river is an important tributary \o the Blackstone.
Manufacturing villages are scattered over this farge town in almost
every direction, and a vast amount
of manufactures of various kinds
is
annually produced. The face of
the town is rough, but the soil
is
adapted to grazing, and produces
large quantities of^beef, pork,
butter,
cheese, &c.
Herring and Ed-
dy's ponds are pleasant "sheets
of
water.
Burrilville lies 24 miles
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
N. W. from Providence, and 27 S.
by E. from Worcester. Population,
1830, 2,196.
1830, 1,304.
Buxtou, Me.
York
on the
CO.
S.
This town
W. by Saco
mathematician. Cabot lies 12 miles
N. E. from Montpelier, and bounded E. by Danville. Population,
is
At
the Saco falls about SO
and produces a great hydraulic power, which is partly improved for manufacturing establishments.
It lies 8 miles N. W. from
Saco, 16 N. E. from Alfred, 18 W.
from Portland, and 71 S. AV. from
Augusta. Incorporated, 1772. Population, 1837 2,SS8.
this place
feet,
Calais,
bounded
river.
Me.
Washington co. At the head of
navigation on the Schoodic, or St.
Croix river, nearly opposite to
St.
The Ujyjjer village, or Mill Town, is about two
miles from tide water.
At the
Lower village, below the falls, is a
Andrews, N. B.
Calais
bridge lo the British side.
lies 28 miles above Eastport, about
35 N. by E. from Machias, and 204
This is a
E. N. E. from Augusta.
Blizzard's Bay, Mass.
great mart for lumber of all kinds.
This bay lies N. W. from Dukes About 40 saw mills and other macounty, W. from Barnstable county, chinery are in operation by the
and S. by E. from the counties of great fall of the river. The tide
Plymouth and Bristol. The length rises here about 20 feet, and large
of the bay is about 30 miles from vessels ascend to the lower village.
rail-road is in operation between
N. E. to S. W., and its average
breadth about 7 miles. From the the two villages; it is to extend to
head of this bay, across Cape Cod Baring. Incorporated, 1809. Popto Massachusetts bay, (the place
ulation, 1830, 1,686; 1837, 3,027.
proposed for a canal,) is 5 miles.
Calais, Vt.
Bjrfleld, Mass.
A
Washington
See JVewhury.
Byraiu River.
See Greenwich, Ct.
lock
Abijah Whee-
co.
and others
first
settled
this
town in 1737. It lies 36 miles E.
by S. from Burlington, and 12 N. E.
from Montpelier. Population, 1830,
Calais has a number of
1,539.
Oxford CO. See Barnard, Me.
streams, branches of Onion river,
and several fine ponds. Two thouCaljot, Vt.
sand pounds of trout have been takCaledonia co. On the height of en in a season. There is some manland between Onion and Connecti- ufacturing carried on in the town,
cut rivers. " The Plain" is delight- and it feeds about 6,000 sheep.
fully situated, having the Green
Caledonia Comity, Vt.
and White mountains in prospect.
Several branches of the Onion rivDanville is the chief town.
er water this town, and afford it Bounded E. by Connecticut river
some water power.
Here is Jo and Essex county S. by Orange
and Molly'' s pond, and a sulphur county W. by Washington counspring.
The surface is broken and ty, and N. by the county of Orleans.
hard, but good for sheep, of wliich It contains about 700 square miles.
about 6,000 are reared. The town Population, 1820, 16,669; 1S30,
was first ssttled in 1785. The first 19,943.
Inhabitants to a square
females who came here came on mile, 28. Incorporated, 1792. The
snow-shoes. This is the birth place eastern range of the Green mounof Zerah Colhurn, the celebrated tains extends through the western
Byron, Me.
;
;
.
�NEW ENGLAND
part of the county.
It is watered
fine streams, but the Connecticut and Passumpsic are its
chief rivers.
large part of the
by many
A
county
is
high and good land
;
that
GAZETTEER.
bridge- Port is a coTnpact, flourishing village, about midway between
the University and the bridge. East
Cambridge is of newer growth, and
is
very tlourishing place.
a
It is
along the rivers is excellent. It the
seat of the county courts, and
produces wheat and other grain, is immediately
connected with Bosbeef cattle, horses, and about 60,- ton by
Canal bridge and the viaduct
000 sheep. There are some sul- of the
Boston and Lowell rail-road,
phur springs in this county ; lime- over Charles
river.
This town was
stone and granite are abundant.
incorporated by the name of New-
Cajiitoi-itlge,
ton in 1630.
Me.
It
took the
name
of
Cambridge
in 1638. The first printing press in America was establish-
Somerset co. In the year 1S37
the town had a population of 431, ed here, by
Stephen Day, in 1639.
and raised, the same year, 2,890 The first work
printed was the
bushels of wheat. See Barnard. " Freeman's Oath."
In this town
Me.
are various and extensive
manu-
Cambridge,
Coos
CO., is
K".
H.,
an uninhabited town-
ship, of 23,160 acres, granted
19, 1773, to Nathanier Rogers and
others.
It is bounded N. by the
May
township of Errol and
Umbagog
by the state of Maine, S.
by Success and Milan, and W. by
lake, E.
Dummer.
This tract has an une-
ven surface, but might be advantageously cultivated. Several streams
and fall into the Ameriscoggin, which passes through the
N. W. part of the town.
rise here,
Caiifil>i*idg-e,
Vt.
Lamoille co. It lies 30 miles N.
W. from Montpelier, and about 16
W. from Hydepark. Population,
1830,
1,613.
First
settled,
17,83.
The Lamoille and
other streams
affoi-d this town a good
water power.
There is some good intervale
in the town, but the land is rough,
and chiefly valuable for grazing
it feeds about 7,000 sheep.
blacking, tin ware, chairs and cabinet ware, rail-road cars, chaises,
coaches, and other carriages; iron
axletrees, harnesses, organs, carpenters' tools, clothing, pumps and
blocks, cigars, brass and britannia
ware, bricks, ropes and twine, soap,
brushes,
varnish,
confectionary,
stamped and stained paper, stoves,
sheet iron, glue, pocket books, and'
m.edicine. The value of these manufactures the year ending April
1,
1837, amounted to $930,6G6.
The'
amount of glass, which is considered of admirable quality, exceed-
ed $450,000.
This tov/n
may
be
divided into three parts
Old
Cambridge, the seat of the most
ancient and best endowed college,
in the LTnited States, is 3 miles
from'
:
West Boston bridge, whirh
Cambridge from Boston.
divides
Cam-
is
very
Besides the buildings of the University, it contains" the
United
States' arsenal, other handsome public buildings, and many very
elegant private residences. Pop.^1830,
1,072 1837, 7,631. See Re^/ater.
;
about a mile
co.
Cambridge
pleasant, although not so elevated
as some of the neighboring towns.
Mount Auburn
Cambridge, Mass.
Middlesex
factories.
They consist of glass,
hats, leather, boots and shoes,
shoe
Cemetery,
lies
W.
of the University, in the towns of Cambridge and
Watertown. It contains about 100
acres of land, and is laid out with
gravelled walks, and planted and
embellished with all the varieties
of trees, shrubbery, and flowers.
Lots of ground, of 300 square feet.
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
at
suitable
distances
along
the
winding passages, are appropriated
as family burial places, with the
perpetual right to purchasers of
enclosing, decorating, and using
them for that purpose. Numerous
monuments of exquisite workmanship are already erected, which
add, if possible, to the melancholy
grandeur of the scene. It is an enchanting spot ; a magnificent restThis cemeing place of the dead.
tery was dedicated Sept. 24, 1831.
We cannot deny ourselves the
gratification of quoting a few lines
from the descriptive part of Judge
Story's admirable address on that
—
occasion.
*'
rural cemetery seems to combine in itself all the advantages
which can be proposed to gratify
human feelings, or tranquilize human fears; to secure the best religious influences, and to cherish
all those associations which cast a
cheerful light over the darkness of
the grave.
" And what spot can be more appropriate than this, for such a purpose ? Nature seems to point it out
with significant energy, as the favorite retirement for the dead.
There are around us all the vai'ied
features of her beauty and grandeur the forest-crowned height
the abrupt acclivity ; the sheltered
valley; the deep glen; the grassy
glade, and the silent grove.
Here
are the lofty oak, the beech, that
' wreaths
its old fantastic roots so
high,' the rustling pine, and the
drooping willow, the tree, that
sheds its pale leaves with every
autumn, a fit emblem of our own
and the evertransitory bloom
green, with its perennial shoots, instructing us, that ' the wintry blast
of death kills not the buds of virtue.'
Here is the thick shrubbery,
to protect and conceal the newmade grave ; and there is the wildflower creeping along the narrow
path, and planting its seeds in the
upturned earth. All around us
A
—
—
;
there breaths a solemn calm, as if
we Avere in the bosom of a wilderness, broken only by the breeze aa
it murmurs through the tops of the
forest, or by the notes of the warb-
pouring forth his matin or his
evening song.
" Ascend but a few steps, and
what a change of scenery to surprise and delight us.
We seem, as
it were, in an instant, to pass from
ler,
the confines of death to the bright
and balmy regions of life. Below us
flows tke winding Charles, Avith its
rippling current, like the stream of
time hastening to the ocean of eternity.
In the distance, the city,
at once the object of our admiration
and our love, rears its proud emi-
—
nences, its glittering spires, its lofty
towers, its graceful mansions, its
curling smoke, its crowded haunts
of business and pleasure, which
speak to the eye, and yet leave a
noiseless loneliness on the ear.
Again we turn, and the walls of
our venerable University rise before
us, with
happy
many
a recollection
passed there in the
interchange of study and friendof
daj-s
many a grateful thought
affluence of its learning,
ship, and
of
the
which has adorned and nourished
literature of our country.
turn, and the cultivated
farm, the neat cottage, the village
church, the spai-kling lake, the rich
valley, and the distant hills, are before us through opening vistas ; and
the
Again we
we
breathe amidst the fresh and
A'aried labors of
"There
man.
therefore, within our
reach, every variety of natural and
artificial
is,
scenery, which is fitted to
of the highest and
awaken emotions
most affecting character. We stand,
as it were, upon the borders of two
worlds and as the mood of our
minds may be, v/e may gather lessons of profound wisdom by contrasting the one with the other, or
indulge in the dreams of hope and
ambition, or solace our hearts by
melancholy meditations."
;
�NEW ENGLAND
Camden, Me.
This sea-port is finely located for navigation, with two
beautiful harbors, on tlie W. side of
Penobscot bay, 10 miles N. from
Thomaston, 17 S. from Belfast, and
40 E. S. E. from Augusta. Population, 1837, 2,991.
this place has
"Waldo CO.
GAZETTEER.
brook on the W. The land in the
is generally good, and there
is some good intervale.
The high
land is good for grazing. The forest trees are mostly deciduous. No
white oak or pitch pine is found N.
of the centre of the town.
Iron
ore of an inferior quality is found
valleys
The towns of
engaged in the in some places.
coasting trade and fisheries, and Campton and Rumney were both
considerable ship building is carri- granted in Oct. 1761, to Capt. Jabez
ed on but the principal business Spencer, of East Haddam, Conn.,
but he dying before a settlement
is the manufacture of lime from inexhaustible quarries of marble, or was effected, his heirs, in conjunclime stone. About 200,000 casks tion with others, obtained a new
The first
of lime is annually shipped from charter, Jan. 5, 1767.
this place to all parts of the United settlement was made in 1765, by
States.
This lime is noted for mak- two families of the names of Fox
ing a cement of a superior quality. and Taylor. The proprietors held
The Megunticook river waters a their first meeting Nov, 2, 1769,
part of the town, and gives it a and the inhabitants theirs, Dec. 16,
From the circumstance of
great water power, which might 1771.
be well applied to manufacturing the first proprietors building a ca?np
purposes.
From a mountain in the when they went to survey Camprear of the town a beautiful pros- ton and Rumney, this town derives
In the revolutionary
pect is presented of Penobscot bay its name.
and its numerous islands. Camden war, this town, though in its infanis a pleasant
retreat in summer cy, furnished nine or ten soldiers,
i\ve of whom died in the service,
months.
and three were living in 1822. PopCamel's Bacic aioiiiatain, Vt.
ulation, in 1830, 1,318.
some navigation
;
This most elevated summit of the
Green mountains
ton, 17 miles
lies
in
Huuiing-
W. from
Montpehel-,
25 N. E. from Middlebury, and 20
S. E. from Burlington.
It is 4,188
feet above the sea.
Camptoii, W. H.,
Grafton co., Is bounded N. by
Thornton, E. by Sandwich, S. by
Holderness and Plymouth, W. by
Rumney; is 50 miles from Concord, and 75 from Portsmouth.
Its
surface is broken and uneven,
abounding with rocky ledges, and
Canaan, Me.
Somerset
This town was first
and incorporated in
1788.
It formerly embraced the
territory of Skowhegan and Bloomfield.
It is a good farming town,
and produced, in 1837, 5,444 bushels
of wheat.
It lies on the east side
of Kennebec river, 13 miles E. from
Norridgewock, and 34 N. from Auco.
settled in 1774,
gusta.
Population, 1837, 1,347.
Canaau, N. H.
Grafton
Bounded N. by
which separates it
from Dorchester, E. by Orange, S.
by Enfield, and W. by Hanover,
Dame's
co.
gore,
having several mountainous tracts.
Besides Pemigewasset river, running N. and S. through nearly the and is
situated on the height of land
centre of the town, it is watered by
between the rivers Connecticut and
Mad and Beebe's rivers, which fail Merrimack. It is 16 miles
E. from
into the Pemigewasset on the E.,
Dartmouth college, 30 S. E. from
and by West Branch river and Bo<^ Haverhill,
25 S. W. from Plymouth,
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
and 40 N, W. from Concord. The
only stream of consequence is the
rises in the N.W.
part of Dorchester, and after a meandering course of 8 or 10 miles,
falls into Mascomy pond in Enfield.
Indian stream river rises in the S.
E. corner of Dorchester, and running about 8 miles, mingles with
the waters of Mascomy, near the
Mascomy, which
centre of the town. Heart pond,
so called from its figure, is situated
in the centre of the town, and upon
a swell of land so elevated that
at a distance it presents the appearance of a sheet of water on a hill.
It is about 500 rods in length and
200 in width, and the only natural
cuiiosity of any note, is the mound,
or bank of earth, which nearly surIt is from 4 to
rounds this pond.
5 feet high, and from its uniforju
height and regular construction
would seem to be the work of art
but from frequent annual observation, it is found to have been produced by the drifting of the ice
when breaking up in the spring.
there are Goose,
Besides this,
Clark's, Mud and Bear ponds. The
land is not so broken as in some of
There is but
the adjoining towns.
little
not capable of cultivation.
The soil is tolerably fertile, and
produces wheat, rye, corn, flax, &c.
Canaan was granted by charter,
July 9, 1761, to 62 persons, all of
whom except ten belonged to Connecticut.
It derived its name from
Canaan in that state. The first permanent settlement was made in the
winter, in 1766 or 7, by John Scofield, who conveyed what effects
he possessed the distance of 14 miles
over a crust of snow upon a handsled.
Among
settlers,
others of the
first
were George Harris, Tho-
mas Miner, Joshua Harris, and
Samuel Jones. The first proprietors' meeting was held July 19,
1768.
Population, in 1830, 1,428.
Canaau, Vt.
Essex
CO.
Bounded N. by Can-
7*
ada, and E.
by Stewartstown, N,
31 miles N. from Guildhall,
and 112 N. E. from Montpelier.
First settled, 1785.
Population,
The land in this town
1830, 373.
H.
;
broken and cold. Leed's pond
produces an abundance of fish.
Canaan produces more fish than
is
grain.
Canaan,
Ct.
First settled in
Litchfield CO.
1738. Incorporated, 1739. Canaan
lies 41 miles N. W. from Hartford,
and IS N. N. W. from Litchfield.
Population, 1830, 2,301. The town
lies on the E. side of Housatonick
river, opposite to Salisbury.
ledge of limestone rocks crosses the
river at this place, about 30 rods in
length, causing a perpendicular fall
The river is rapid, both
of 60 feet.
above and below this beautiful cataract.
The whole descent of the
A
Canaan, is about 130 feet,
" nobly arranged and distributed,
and comprehending a remarkable
variety of beauty and grandeur."
The township is mountainous, with
river, in
some arable land along the streams
About 4,000 sheep are kept hei-e.
This section of country is noted for
its
excellent mutton. Limestone
and iron ore are abundant the latter is of a very fine qualit^^
Iron
works, on an extensive scale, are
established here
a satinet factory
and other machinery.
;
;
Canals in Ne^v flugland*
See Register.
Candia, N. H.)
Rockingham co.. Was detached
from the N. part of Chester and incorporated, 1763. The soil is naturally hard of cultivation
but the
industry of the inhabitants has made
it fruitful.
It was originally covered with a thick growth of oak, ash,
maple, birch, &c. The site of this
town is elevated, and commands
an extensive view of the rich scenery of the adjacent country the
;
—
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
White Hills, the Wachusett, and
other mountains, the lights on Plum
island, and the ocean being visible.
In the W. part of the town is a
ridge of land extending from N. to
S., which is the highest elevation
between JMerrimack river and the
ocean. On the E. side of this ridge,
two branches of Lamprey river
take their rise.
Cantlia lies 15
miles from Concord. This town
among others contributed largely
to the attainment of independence
and the names of 69 soldiers of the
revolution are found on its records.
The inhabitants are mostly industrious farmers, many of whom are
wealthy. Population, 1830, 1,362.
;
Canterbury, N. H.
Merrimack co.
Canterbury,
though an uneven township, is not
mountainous. The soil is generally
good
the more uneven parts af;
fording excellent pasturage. There
are no large streams in this town
but several ponds give rise to smaller streams, furnishing good mill
sites, and near which are cut great
quantities of hay. Two bridges over
the Merrimack connect this town
with Eoscawen. The town was settled about 1727, and for a long time
the inhabitants were exposed to the
inroads of the savages.
The husbandman cleared and tilled his land
under the protection of a guard,
uncertain whether the seed he committed to the ground might not be
watered by his blood, or that of an
enemy. Canterbury lies 8 miles
N. from Concord.
Population,
1836, 16G3.
The Hon. Ariel. Foster deserves a particular notice. He possessed in a great degree the esteem
and confidence of the people ; and
soon after he left the pastoral care
of the church, he was called to arduous duties as a magistrate and
In 1783, he was elected
legislator.
and for three years
to Congress
was a member of that body under
tho old cunfederation. He was suc;
cessively returned a member for
all
the time until 1804;
when he retired to private life and
nearly
domestic traquillity.
He was an
ardent lover of his country, and
faithfully served his constituents—
by whom his memory will long be
cherished.
He died in Feb., 1806.
Canterbury, from its elevated situation, lias ever been a healthy town.
In the S. E. part of this town,
on an elevated and beautiful site, is
the village of the "Shakers." At
present it consists of more than two
hundred members.
They have a
meeting-house open at all times of
public worship, where any discreet
and decent spectator is allowed to
attend.
They have a " Trustees'
Office," where all their public business is transacted, and where strangez's are at first received on their visits to the society.
They have also
neat dweliing-houses, of two and
three stoiies, and several workshops both for men and women.
Their mills and various kinds of
machinery are moved by water on
an artificial stream.
They manufacture many articles for sale,
which are remarkable for neatness
and durability. Their gardens are
perhaps the most productive of any
in the country ; and indeed all their
improved lands exhibit the pleasing
eflects of industry and rural economy. They cultivate garden seeds
and take much pains to propagate those of the best kind.
They occupy more than 1,500 acres
of land, lying principally in a body,
which they have consecrated to
the Lord,' and which they enjoy
They cheerfully pay
in common.
their proportion of public taxes,
and share all the burthens of government, except the bearing of
arms, which they deem to be contrary to the gospel ; and in return
they claim from government only
that protection and support guarantied to other citizens. The income
of their manufactures, together
with their agricultural products.
'
�NE W ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
yields their temporal support
and
;
possessed ot
what they become
more than is necessary
to
their
wants, they devote to charitable
purposes, agreeably to their church
It should be mentioned
covenant.
practice highly creditable
as a
sect, that the
of their societies never
to
this
It lies on
Population, 1837, 827.
both sides of the Androscoggin rivAuer, 32 miles W. N. W. from
gusta, and 24 N. E. from Paris.
Canton produced, in 1837, 3,114
bushels of wheat.
Canton, Mass.
members
make use
Norfolk CO. Neponset river and
several large ponds give this town
It lies 15
a great water power.
S.
miles S. W. from Boston, and -5
by E. from Dedham. Incorporated,
Another
Population, 1830, 1,517;
trust- 1797.
imitation i.^, they refuse to be
manufactures of
sum. They 1837, 2,185. The
ed even in the smallest
of
Canton' the year ending 1st
with
transact their secular concerns
amounted to $695,they April, 1837,
great uprightness ; and though
They consisted of cotton and
180.
may have suffered reproach from woolen goods, shoes, palm-leaf hats,
mantheir singularity of life and
thread, candlefor copper, wicking,
ners,they have become a proverb
trying
sticks, hoes, iron castings,
industry, justice and benevolence.
" shapes." The bells
account of the re- squares, and
For a particular
place are of
singular peo- manufactured at this
lio-ious tenets of this
This
metal and sound.
and Sta- superior
pfe, see Religious Creeds
the
place is easily approached from
tistics.
Provicapital by the Boston and
The viaduct, or*.
Canterbury, Ct.
dence rail-road.
this place,
settlers bridge, on that road at
Windham co. The first
the company about $80,000.
from cost''
of this town were principally
600
of massive hewn granite,
Dorchester, Mass. and its neighbor- It is
above the
the feet in length ; 63 feet
They came here about
hood.
sucfoundation, on 6 arches, with a
year 1690. The soil of the town is
It is an
fertile cession of arches at top.
a gravelly loam, generally
piece of workmanship.
It lies 40 miles admirable
and productive.
in cases of
of ardent spirits, except
being aware of the evils
sickness,
intemperance brings upon society.
practice not unworthy of
S
E. by S. from Hartford, and 6
Population, 1830,
from Brooklyn.
The Quinnebaug is here
1,SS1.
It
a'large and beautiful stream.
annually overflows
its
banks, and
borfertilizes a large tract upon its
Bates'
ders. There is fine ti shin g in
Considerable excitement
pond.
manifested itself in this town, in
1832, in consequence of a Miss
Crandall proposing to open a school
for the instruction
of "
Young
la-
misses of color.''—
Although no one seemed to question
the purity of Miss Crandall's mothe
tives, yet the people doubted
dies and
little
expediency of the measure.
Cautoii, Me.
Oxford
CO.
Incorporated, 1821.
Canton,
Ct.
Hartford co. First settled, 1740.
Population,
Incorporated, 1806.
CoUinsville is the
1830, 1,437.
at
principal village in the town,
which a large amount of axes, of a
superior quality, are annually made.
16 miles N. W. by W. from
Hartford, and 16 N. E. from Litcha beaufield. This village presents
a noble
tiful appearance, and is
specimen of individual enterprize.
The soil of Canton is coarse and
It lies
Farmstony, and the surface hilly.
river passes through its S.
ington
W. corner.
Carlisle, Mass.
Middlesex
co.
This town
lies
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
20 miles N. W. f,om Boston, and
5
Concord.
Incorporated,
some of the best harbors ih
the
world.
It is said that Casco
bay
1837, 596.
It
contains as many islands as
IS bounded S. E. by
there
Concord river. are days in the
year ; however
1 his IS a poor town, and
its manumay be, we know that they that
lactures are very triflino-.
are
^evy numerous, some very
lar^e
fertile, and well
Carmel, Me.
cultivated; and
that a survey of them from
the hiffh
Penobscot co. Population,
1837 grounds in Portland,
Falmouth,
""^ '''^^^^' «^"^« year,'
(.umberland, or Yarmouth, afford*
iSon K
1,890 bushels.
a
71 miles from Autreat of island and ocean
gusta.
ii\r^
Population,
1805.
rJ^
See Sowadabscook Stream
Carroll,
.
^
ing
]V.
Castiiie,
base of the White
Moun-
on the N. W., having Jefferson and Whitelield N.,
Whitefield
and Bethlehem W.,and the
un-ranted lands, and Nash and
Sawyer's
Location on the S. It was
granted
Feb. 8, 1772, to Sir Thomas
Wentworth, Bart., Rev. Samuel
Lana-don
and 81 others. Its surface
is uneven and its appearance
dreary.—
tains,
Population, in 1S30, 108.
Cartilage, Me.
Franklin co. Incorporated,
1826
Population, 1837, 455.
46 miles
|rom Augusta, and 73 from
Port
land.
See Barnard, Me.
Carver, Mass.
Plymouth
transcendent beauty.
H.
township in Coos county, ly-
at the
scenery
ot
Hancock
name Irom
Me.
co.
Castine derived its
a French baron of
that
name, who resided here
upwards of
twenty years after 1667.
This
peninsula, jutting out into
Belfast
hay, at the mouth of
Penobscot
nver, was formerly called
"Major
Biguyduce,"
duce
The
pronounced, J^agapeninsula embraces
2,o00 acres of land, and
was first
settled by the English,
in 1760
The British occupied this place
in
both ot the wars with the
U. S
It
was the shire, or chief town,
of the
county from 1789 to 1838,
when
the courts were removed
to Ellsworth.
Castine possesses an excellent maritime position,
but its trade
Irom the country is limited,
being
cut off by the more inland
towns
however, is considerable.
Ihe lumber and coasting
Tn^^^Jo
trade,
with the fisheries, give active
and 8 S. W. by S. from
emPlymouth. ployment to its
people.
Ihere are a number of
78 miles
pleasant i^. Irom Augusta,
and about 25 S.
ponds in this town. The
soil is not
W. from Ellsworth.
very productive.
Population '
The manufac 1830,l,li55;
CO.
^^^^-
Setoff from PlvPopulation, 1837,
tures of Carver consist
of iron cast
ings, boots, shoes, boxes,
and wil-
Wbaske.,;
annual amount abou,
Casco Bay, Me.
This
the
is
one of the finest bays on
American coast. Its western
boundary is Cape Elizabeth;
its
eastern. Cape Small
Point.
The
distance between those
capes is
about 20 miles.
Its indentation
not exceed 15 miles.
Within
does
it
are
Its trade,
1837, 1,168.^
Castleton, Vt.
Rutland, CO. This is a flourishing town, watered by a river
of the
same name; 11 miles W. from
Rutland, 72 S. W. from
Montpelier.
and 14 E. from Whitehall.
Populahon, 1830, 1,783.
First settled,
17/0.
The surface of the town is
rough and hilly, but there is
some
rich land.
It feeds about
9,000
sheep.
Mill shrTiH)'! abound in
Castleton, on which are
a woolen
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
«nd other manufacturing establishments. Lake Bombazine, 7 miles
settlements were made by Ebenezer Chamberlain, in 1765, and
PopCol. Joseph Senter, in 1767.
first
chiefin len2;th and 2 in breadth, is
It is stored with
in this town.
ly
cenfish, and has an island near its
The vilof exquisite beauty.
lage of Castleton is elevated, neatly built, and presents a great variety of rich and beautiful scenery.
ulation, in 1830, 577.
Ciiaiiiplain. Ijake.
ti-e
Cavendisli, Vt.
"Windsor co. There are two flourishing villages in Cavendish, Button's village and Proctorsville. It
Twenis watered by Black river and
good
ty Mile Stream, which afford a
hydrauUc power. Here are in op-
is
tenden, Addison, and a part of Rutland, in the state of Vermont, lie
on the E. At the N. it extends a
few miles into Lower Canada, and
receives the waters of Pike river.
Lawrence
It discharges into the St.
by the Richelieu, Sorcl, or Chambly
excellent; the high land is
good, but best adapted to grazing.
Here are about 6,000 sheep. The
channel of Black river, at the falls,
has been worn down 100 feet. The
effects of the water, at this place,
soil is
town from
Balti-
ulation, 1830, 1,498.
Centre-Harljor,
is
IV.
H.,
pleasantly situa-
and
ted between Winnepisiogee
Squam lakes distant from Concord,
Boston
39 miles, Portsmouth 60,
this
104. Measley pond is partly in
Squam lake furnishes fine
town.
valutrout, and has several islands
The soil is very
able for grazing.
Centre
good, mostly a rich loam.
;
a dehghtful resting place,
during the warm season, of tourists,
and the
to the White Mountains,
great resort of those, visiting the
Winnepisiogee lake and the great
Harbor
is
Among
river.
its
tributaries from
are the Missisque, LamOnion, Otter, and Pawlet rivoille,
Vermont
New
York it receives
From
the waters of the Chazy, Saranac,
Sable, Bouquet, and Wood rivers,
and of Lake George. Its length is
about 130 miles its breadth varies
ers.
:
average breadth
It abounds with
about 3 miles.
salmon, trout, pickerel and other
It is navigable for vessels
fish.
of 90 tons burthen, and splendid steamboats are continually plying, in the season of navigation,
from Whitehall, along its beautiful
shores, to St. John's in Canada.—
This lake contains about 60 islands,
splendid sceneis remarkable for its
and
ry, and renowned in ancient
modern stories for its scenes of warLake Chamlike achievements.
buis a great resort, both for
plain
Hawk's moun- from
more. Cavendish, in common with
most of the towns in Vermont, presents a great variety of mountain
scenery. It lies 10 miles S. W.
from Windsor, and 60 S. from MontPopFirst settled, 1769.
pelier.
Strafford co.,
New
York and Vermont. Vermont embraces about two thirds of its surNew York is on the W. side,
face.
and the counties of Frankhn, Chit-
eration 4 large woolen factories,
iron works, manufactures of tin,
and many other branches of meAlong the streams the
chanics.
are very curious.
tain separates this
This delightful expanse of water
the boundary line between
1 to
12 miles
:
siness and pleasure.
In the Register, under Burlingmay be found some notes for
ton,
travellers.
Cliaplin, Ct.
Windham co. Taken from MansHampton and Windham, in
field,
It is watered by Natchaug
which passes nearly through
The town is small, but
the adjoining its centre.
The the soil is good, and populated by
natural curiosities in
town of Moultonborough.
1832.
river,
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
industrious farmers, who, by their
practice of keeping a large number
of sheep, seem to be convinced of
the fact that wool is one of the most
important staples of
England.
It lies 10 miles W. by N. from
Brooklyn, and 30 E. by N. from
Hartford.
bushels.
Cliia-rlestoii,
New
Cliai'lemosit, Mass.
Franklin co. Deerfield river meanders through this town, and 2;ives
!t a good water power.
Garrisons
were erected here in 1754, against
the savage French and Indians.
Their remains are now visible. Incorporated, 1765. Population, 1837,
994.
It lies 110 miles W. N. W.
from Boston, and 14 W. by N. from
Greenfield.
Although this is a
mountainous township, it contains
much valuable land. It maintains
about 5,000 merino and other sheep.
Its manufactures consist of boots,
shoes, leather, iron castings, axes,
hoes, palm-leaf
hats,
saddlery,
scythe snaiths, and lather boxes.
Cliarles Rivers.
Charles river, in Massachusetts,
the Quinobequin of the Indians.
This river rises on the borders of
Hopkinton and Milford, and after
is
meandering through
Bellingham,
Medfield, Sher-
Franklin, Medway,
burne, Dover, Dedham, Needham, Natick, Newton, Waltham
and Watcrtown, it meets the tide
waters, and forms a part of Boston
harbor.
It is navigable to Watertown, 7 miles W. from Boston.
Charles river, in R. I., has its
source in Warden's pond, in South
Kingston, and empties into the
Pawcatuck, at Westerly.
Incorporated, 18.11.
Pop-
ulation, 1837, 1,140.
Vt.
Echo pond, the
Orleans co.
out-
Seymour, waters this
town.
Lake Seymour is a large
slieet of water, and passes N. into
of lake
let
Memphremagog. Charleston
about 35 miles N.E. from Hydepark, 55 N. N. E. from Montpelier,
and 15 S. of Canada line. Population, 1830, 564.
lake
lies
Cliarlesto-vyja, N. H.,
Sullivan co., is situated on Connecticut river, 51 miles from Concord, 100 from Boston, 100 from
Albany, 110 from Hartford, Conn.,
and 13 miles from Windsor, Vt.
The only rivers in Charlestown
are the Connecticut and Little Sugar rivers.
In the former, there
are three islands within the limits
of this town, the largest of which
contains about ten acres, and is called Sartwell's island. The others
contain about six acres each, and
have a rich loamy soil. Sartwell's
is under a high cultivation
There are no falls in this river within the limits of Charlestown which
island
interrupt the
boat navigation, al-
though some
is experienced
little
inconvenience
low water from
what are called " Sugar river bars."
Little Sugar river waters the north
part of Charlestown, and empties
into Connecticut river about two
in
miles south of the S. line of Claremont. This town has but few factory or mill
is
extremely
privileges.
various.
The soil
West of
the great road leading from Walpole to Claremont, are not less than
1,500 acres of fine intervale land,
Cliarlcston, Me.
generally of a deep, rich and loamy
Penobscot co. At the source of soil, and favorable for the culture
Pushawlake. Bounded W. by Gar- and growth of most of the various
land.
It lies 25 miles S. W. from kinds of grass and grain.
In the
Belfast, and 73 N. W. from Augus- E. and N. E. parts of the town, the
ta.
This township is fine wheat soil of the upland is good the natland ; it yielded, in 1S37, 7,606 ural growth of wood, consisting
—
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
Indians were at peace but a small
From their
portion of that time.
infancy, the settlers had been lamiliar with danger, and had acquirparts stony, land, east of the river
to posteralmost the whole ed a hardihood unknown
road, extending
When they attended pubUc
ity.
is
length of the town, and which
worship, or cultivated their lands,
considered unfit for settlements.
prepared
town appears they sallied from the fort
The south part of the
of beech, birch, oak,
and hemlock. There is a
maple
ridge of hard, broken, and in some
principally
have a
to
diiferentsoil,
and
is
favor-
for battle,
and worshipped or labor-
ed under the protection of a sentiable for yielding the lighter grains.
In their warfare, the Indians
parishes, nel.
Charlestown contains two
prisoners to scalps, and
are divided by a line run- preferred
which
those who atbridge S. 87=' few were killed but
ning from Cheshire
tempted to escape, or appeared too
and
E., to the corner of Ac worth
formidable to be encountered with
Unity. In the south parish, there
The first child born in
delightfully success.
is a handsome village,
Charlestown was Ehzabeth, the
at the distance of about
situated,
daughter of Isaac Parker. She was
half a mile from Connecticut river,
born 1744, and died in 1806.—
and parallel with it. In the north
favored with
meeting-house and a Charlestown has been
parish is a
a number of eminent men, only
Cheshire bridge,
small village.
about 2 miles N. of the S. meetinghouse, connects this town with
From this bridge
Springfield, Vt.
Cheshire turnpike leads southerly
the
through
principal
village, to
Keene. Charlestown was granted
by Massachusetts, Dec. 31, 17.35,
by
is
the
name
of J\''iunber 4,
sometimes applied
to it
which
at the
present day.
On the 2d July, 1753, No. 4 was
incorporated by the name of Charlestown. The charter was granted by
Gov. Benning Vv'entworth to Joseph Wells, Phinehas Stevens and
others, v/ho were purchasers under
the old grantees. In 1754,the French
war commenced and the inhabitants were obhged to take up their
residence in the fort. The first settlers of Charlestown, like the first
inhabitants of almost every frontier
—
New
England, were, prior
savage cruFor twenty years after the
elty.
on
first settlement, their neighbors
the N. were the French in Canada,
on tlie W. the Dutch, near the
Hudson, on the E. the settlements
on Merrimack river, and on the S.
fev/ were found until arrived at
Norlhfield, in Massachusetts, a distance cS more than 40 miles. The
town
in
to 1760, the victims of
one of which
we have room
to
men-
Capt. Phinehas Stevens
one of the first settlers. The
was
town when in its infancy was pro-
tion.
He was
tected by his intrepidity.
a native of Sudbury, Mass., from
whence his father removed to RutAt the age of 16, while his
land.
father was making hay, he, with
three little brothers, followed him
meadows. They were ambushed bv the Indians, who killed
to the
of his brothers, took him prisoner, and were preparing to kill his
younaest brother, a child four years
Indians,
old. "He, by signs to the
tvv^o
made them
understand
if
they
would spare him, he would carry
him on his back— and he carried
him to Canada. They v/ere redeemed and both returned. He received several commissions from Gov.
Shirley, and rendered important
services in protecting the frontiers.
In 1747, when Charlestown was
abandoned by the inhabitants, he
was ordered to occupy the fort with
SO men. On the 4th of April, he
was attacked by 400 French and Indians, under Mens. Debeline. The
Indian
assault lasted three days.
stratagem and French skill, with
combustible
fire applied to every
.
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
about the
fort, had not the desired
of leather, was $390,000. The ar
The heroic band were not tides manufactui-ed
appaJled.
They refused to capitu- lows: soap, candles, were as folboots, shoes,
late.
At length an interview be- hats, morocco,
chairs, cabinet ware,
tween the commanders took place. vessels,
combs, tin ware, and spirits.
The Frenchman shewed his forces,
and described the horrid massacre'
The United States' JVavy Yard
-
elTect.
that
must ensue unless the
surrendered.
"My
afraid to die," w^as the
men
fort
was
are
not
answer made
was
first
established in this
town
about the year 1798. The yard is
situated on the N. side of Charles
river, on a plot of ground of
about
60 acres.
It is enclosed by a high
wall of durable masonry, and contains several ware-houses, dwelling-houses for the officers, and a
large amount of naval stores, live
oak and other timber. It also contains three large ship-houses,
in
which are the Vermont and Carolina of 74, and the Cumberland
frigate of 44 guns.
These ships
can be launched and ready for sea
by Capt. Stevens. The attack continued with Increased fury until
tlie end of the third day,
when the
enemy returned to Canada, and left
Capt. Stevens in possession of the
fort.
Capt. Stevens, for his gallantry on this occ-asion, was presented
by Sir Charles Knowles with an elegant sword; and from this circumstance the township, when it was
incorporated, in 1753, took the name
of Charlestown.
Population, in
1830, 1,778.
in a very short time.
The dry dock at this place is of
Cliarlestown, Mass.
hewn granite, and of unrivalled
Middlesex co. The Indian name masonry.
It is 341 feet in length,
of this town v/as Mishaimm.
First SO in width, and SO in
depth.* It
settled, 1628.
Incorporated, 1629. cost $670,089.
This dock was comPopulation,
1820, 6,591
1830, pleted and received the
Constitu8,787; 1837,10,101.
Charlestown tion on the 24th of June,
1833.—
is a peninsula, formed by Charles
Connected with this establishment
and Mystic rivers, and is united are
a naval hospital and magazine,
to Boston by Charles and Warren
at Chelsea, and a large ropewalk
in
bridges.
It is also united to Boston
the yard ; other additions are conas a port of entry, and in its various
templated.
This is considered one
commercial and manufacturing pur- of the best
naval depots in the Unisuits.
This town is noted for its ted States.
sacrifices in the cause of liberty
and its soil will ever be dear to the
McLean Asylmn. This estabpatriot's bosom.
The town is not lishment is located on a
beautiful
so regularly laid out as Philadelrise of ground, in Charlestown, near
phia, yet it is neatly built, and conEast Cambridge, and about a mile
tains many elegant public and priand a half from the City Flail, in
vate edifices.
The streets are wide Boston. The buildings
are large,
and airy, and many of them have and
exceedingly well adapted " to
recently been planted with trees
their philanthropic design.
They
for shade.
Considerable shipping cost about
$186,000. This House
is owned here, engaged in foreign
was opened for patients on the 6th
and domestic commerce. The an- of
October, 1818.
nual value of the cod and mackerel
Belonging to, and surrounding
fisheries is about $40,000.
The tins Asylum, are about 15 acres of
value of the manufactures, in laud,
appropriated to courts and garCharlestown, the year en-Ung April dens. These
are laid out wilh grav1, 1837, exclusive of a large amount
elled walks. The former are furnish;
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
summer
houses, and the the vocal and instrumental music
ornamented with groves of the occasion a part of this numof fruit and ornamental trees, shrub- ber also attend church on the Sabbery and tlowers. Surrounding the bath, in company with the nurses
lower garden and within the enclo- and attendants, and dine with the
ed with
latter are
sure,
is
tients
;
a carriage path, where pataken to ride. In the
are
centre is a small fresh water pond,
containing several hundred gold and
silver tish, and immediately contiguous is a summer house, where the
patients at times resort for games
and amusements.
The system of moral treatment
adopted and pursued, is founded upon principles of elevated benevolence and philanthropy, and an acquaintance with hunian nature and
the capabilities and wants of the
The previous tastes, habinsane:
its and pursuits, and the present inclinations and feelings of each individual, are habitually consulted.
library for the use of the patients
has been purchased, and those of
them who are disposed to read, are
permitted at stated periods to send
in their names and the number of
the book desired ; the list is examined and approved by the physician,
and the books are distributed by the
In the same way, writlibrarian.
ing materials are distributed, and
patients are engaged in keeping
journals writing sketches of their
A
lives
—
— poetry — addressing letters
to
Some
their friends, drawing, &c.
engage in games, as bowling
throwing the ring battledore grachess
ces ^jumping the rope
draughts back gammon, &c., or
are occupied in walking and riding
into the country, or in making lishing excursions in the company of
their attendants ; while others are
working on the farm and in the
garden.
The female patients, besides being employed in various
kinds of needle and ornamental
work, are engaged in various do-
—
—
—
——
mestic labors. The quiet and convalescent patients regularly attend
the religious exercises of the family, and a portion of them join in
family.
A
regulated
intercourse
with the family and society is regarded as an important auxiliary in
the means of cure, and on suitable
occasions they are invited into the
house, where parties are made for
their special amusement and benefit.
John" McLlean, Esq., late of
Boston, an eminent merchant, bequeathed a large amount of property to this institution ; hence its
name.
Bunker Hill Monument. On the
17th of June, 1825, the corner stone
of an Obelisk was laid on the heights
in this town, by the illustrious La
Fayette, to commemorate the battle
between the Americans and British on the 17th of June, 1775.
In
449 Americans and
were slain. Charlestown was bui-nt by the British the
same day. The site of the Monument is 62 feet above t4ie level of
that
battle,
1,055 Britons
the sea.
It is of hewn granite,
and, when completed, will be 30
feet square at the base, 15 feet
square at the top, and 220 feet in
height.
It is now raised about 60
and will probably be completed in one or two years.
The cost
of it will be about $100,000.
feet,
The State Prison. This instituwas founded in 1800, and soon
tion
located on a point of land in
town, near East Cambridge,
and which is connected with Canal
after
this
bridge by a lateral bridge of 1,820
feet in length.
After having struggled with manj' and great difficulties attendant on the establishment
of an institution so entirely new,
the state, by the agency of suitable
men, have so placed it as to effect
all the objects proposed, without
any expense to the commonwealth.
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
Cliarlestown, R.
Washington
i.
Charlestown lies
on the sea, opposite to Block Ishind.
co.
has five large ponds, which cover an area of 7 square miles.—
It
Charlestown and
Conaquetogue
ponds are salt water, and Posquissett,Watchaug and Cochumpaug are
fresh water.
These waters afford a
great variety of
sea, the land
rior of the
is
fish.
Near the
is
growth of wood.
romantic appearance.
Cliarltott,
Worcester co. Charlton was set
from Oxford, 1754.
It lies 53
miles S. W. from Boston, and 12
W. N. W. from Worcester. Population, 1837, 2,469.
There is a
cotton mill in this town, and
some
This town con-
manufactures of leather and shoes.
more
fit
dreaded Naraganset Indians.
They
possessed a considerable tract of
land in this town, but owing
to
a dislike to agricultural pursuits,
and by intermarriages with the
whites and negroes, their race as a
distinct people has long since
become extinct.
Charles river passea through the town, and gives
it
mill privileges.
Charlestown lies
about 8 miles W. S. W. from South
Kingston, and 40 S. W. from Providence. Population, 1830, 1,284.
Cliarlotte,
Me.
Washington co.
Incorporated,
1825. Population, 1837,612. About
25 miles N. W. from Machias, and
184 E. by N. from Augusta. Charlotte contains a pond, the
waters
of which pass through Dennysville
Cliatliam, N. H.,
Strafford co.,
E. side of the
Cliarlotte,
a pleasant
"Vt.
town, in Chit-
county, on lake Chamand opposite to Essex, N.
Y. In Essex, about 3 miles across
the lake, is Split Hock, a great
natural curiosity.
Charlotte lies 49
plain,
miles W. of Montpelier, 11 S. of
Burlington and 21 N. W. of Middlebury.
part of this town gradually slopes toward the lake,
and
is very productive.
Its trade is
chiefly with Canada.
From the
principal village, " The Four Cor-
A
is
situated on the
White Mountains,
and adjoining the line which divides
this state from Maine.
It has Con-
way on the S., Bartlett and Jackson
on the W., Mount Royse on the
N. Chatham was granted to Peter
Livius and others, Feb. 7, 1767.
There are several ponds in Chatham, and some considerable streams.
The surface is mountainous and
rocky, and can never sustain
a
great population.
Betv/een Chatham and Jackson, Carter's mountain rises so high as to prevent
the
opening a road between the two
towns so that in holding an intercourse with the rest of the county,
;
the inhabitants
are obliged to pass
through part of the state of Maine.
Population, in 1830, 419.
and empty in Cobscook bay.
is
Mass.
off
tains the graves of the
remnant of
the tribe of the once powerful and
This
tenden
Population,
in 1830, 1,702.
for the
arable, but the inte-
town
ners,'^ the lake, and the
mountains
that skirt its borders, present a
very
CliatJiam, Mass.,
Barnstable co., lies on the elbow of Cape Cod, south side. Pleasant bay, inside of Chatham beach,
forms a good harbor.
Chatham is
20 miles E. from Barnstable, and
32 S. S. E. from Pit)vincetown.
Incorporated, 1712.
Population,
1837, 2,271.
The value of the cod
and mackerel fisheries, for the year
ending April 1, 1837, was $'56,100; value of salt made, $8,220;
value of boots and shoes made'
—
—
$1,500.
this place,
men
There
are, belonging to
sail of fisher-
about 20
and 30 coasters.
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
covered
Cliatliani, Ct.
earth.
Middlesex co. The township of
Chatham embraces Chatham par-
feet of
as
many
twelve hands have been sometimes
Vessels come to this
employed.
and the above quarry, and load from
The bed of stone in
the bank.
which these and the smaller openings in the neighborhood have been
made is immense, and lies at different depths from the surface in difIt has been discovferent places.
ered in sinking wells, for half a
mile in northern and southern directions, and has been opened at a
(formerly East Middletown,)
the greater part of Middle Haddam
parish, the parish of East Hampton
and a part af the parish of West
It lies 16 miles S. from
Chester.
Hartford, and opposite to Middletown, from which it was taken in
Population, 1830, 3,646.
1767.
ish,
is watered by Salmon and
Pine brooks and several ponds.
Chatham
about 2 miles in circumference, has no outlet. It rises
and falls about 15 feet. It rises for
six or twelve months, and then falls
It is highabout the same period.
Job's pond,
est in the driest season of the year,
and lowest when there is most rain.
with about ten
In this opening as
j
greater distance eastward. Whereever found, the stone possesses the
same general properties, but varies,
like the freestone in Middletown,
in the fineness of its texture."
Clielmsford) Mass.
60 feet deep. ChatMiddlesex co. On the south side
for its valuable quarham
of Merrimack river, and connect" For forty years
ries of freestone.
ed with Dracut by a bridge.
past it has been extensively improvIncorporated,
settled, 1753.
depth of First
ed, and the stone, to the
Population, 1837, 1,613. It
1655.
thirty feet from the surface, are now
lies 25 miles N. W. from Boston,
removed over an area of an acre and 4 S. W. from Lowell. Chelmsand a half, back from the river. ford abounds in limestone and granThe stone in this quarry is covered ite ; considerable of the latter is
in some places with four or five
transported to Boston by the Midfeet of earth, and in others with
dlesex canal, which passes through
four or five feet more of shelly rock.
The manufactures of
the town.
lies in
It is not perfectly solid, but
this town, during the year ending
blocks, eight or ten feet thick, and
April 1, 1837, amounted to about
It is
from 40
is noted
to
and sixty feet long. The seams
$100,000 ;— principally of glass and
and joints facilitate the process of
ironremoving these from their beds;
Chelsea, Vt.
they are reducand when removed,
ed by the wedge and chisel to any
County town of Orange county.
In
size or form which is wished.
Chelsea is a
hands have been First settled, 1785.
this quarry thirty
pleasemployed for several years, eight township of good land, with a
is wathe year, and from four ant village in the centre. It
months in
by the head branches of White
to six teams. The quantity of stone tered
hydraulic powprepared for market, and sold to the river and has a good
Its manufactures consist of
and the neigh- er.
inhabitants of this
leather, iron, &c.
boring towns, and exported to dis- cassimere, satinet,
all the various
tant parts of the country, has been Chelsea produces
yielded a hand- commodities common to the climate,
very great; and has
It lies
Fifty rods south of and feeds about 6,000 sheep.
some profit.
quarry an opening was made 20 miles S. by E. from Montpelier.
this
fifty
about 1783,
half an acre.
now
spreading
Here the
over
stone
is
Population, 1830, 1,958.
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
Chelsea, Mass.
Suffolk CO.
This town was
for-
merly a ward of Boston.
Incorporated, 173S.
Population, 1837,
The centre of the town lies
1,659.
from Boston about 3 miles N. E.,
across Charles river, and 3 miles
E. of Charlestown.
The manufactures of Chelsea consist of upholstery, stone ware, snuff, segars,
wood and copper engravings,
carriages, bricks, vessels, salt, boots,
shoes, &c. ;
annual value, about
—
$90,000.
The United States Marine Hospital in this town, is on a large plot
of ground, in a delightful and airy
situation, and affords a comfortable
retreat for sick and disabled seamen.
Point Shirley, extending southeasterly, forms the northern "part of Boston harbor. Winnesimet Ferry, leading from the foot of Hanover street,
in Boiton, to this town, is probably
the oldest establishment of the kind
in America.
The first grant was
setts, and W. by Vermont.
This
county contains 727 square miles.
Throughout the whole extent on
the west, it is watered by the Connecticut, the western bank of which
forms the boundary line between
New Hampshire and Vermont.
Ashuelot river is a considerable
stream, and is tributary to Connecticut river.
It has its source from
a pond in Washington, and after receiving two branches in Keene and
Swanzey, and several smaller
streams in Winchester, empties
iu'o Connecticut river at Hinsdale.
Spafford's Lake, a beautiful collec-
tion of water, of about 8 mile? in
circumference, is situated in Ches-
There
terfield.
is
a pleasant island
in the lake, containing about eio-ht
acres.
The Grand Monadnock^in
Dublin and Jafficy, is the highest
mountain, its attitude having been
repeatedly found to be more than
3,000 feet above the level of the
sea.
Bellows' Falls' in Connecticut river, at Walpole, have been
given to Thomas Williams, in 1631. regarded as one of the
greatest natThe distance across Charles river is ural curiosities in this county.
about a mile and a half. Neat and
The earliest settlement in this
commodious steam-boats are con- county was made about the
year
tinually running across this delight- 1732, at
Hinsdale, then a part of
ful stream, making the
Winnesi- Northfield, and under the governmet of the Indians the Hoboken of ment of Massachusetts. The counBoston.
ty was formed March 19, 1771, and
it probably received its name from
Clierryfield, Me.
Cheshire, one of the western counWashington co. At the head of ties in England.
The population
tide water, on both sides of Narra- of Cheshire
county in 1790, was
guagus river, with a handsome vil- 19,665, in 1800, 24,288, in
1810,
lage, and considerable trade. Incor- 24,673, in
1820,
porated, 1815.
Population, 1837,
1,000.
116 miles E. by N. from
Augusta, and about 35
Machias.
Clieslxire
W.
from
County, N. H.
Cheshire is one of the western
counties in this state.
Its length
is 31 miles
its greatest breadth 26
miles and its least breadth 15. It
is bounded N. by the county of
Sullivan, E. by Hillsborough county, S. by the state of Massachu:
:
26,843, in 1830,
27,016.
It has 22 towns :— 39 inhabitants to a square mile.
Keene,
the chief town, is nearly in the
centre of the county, and lies in
N.
lat.
42°
57'.
Cliesliire,
Mass.
Berkshire co. Cheshire has rendered itself worthy of its name by
its production of cheese of fine flavor and quality.
In 1801, the good
people of this place sent a cheese
to Mr. Jefferson, weighing about
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
1200 pounds. The value of wool,
the growth of 1836, sold for $5,522.
The Hoosack river passes through
the town. Although a mountainous township, the soil has been
rendered productive by the industry
It has some manuof the people.
125
factures of leather and shoes.
miles W. N. W. from Boston, and
16 N. by E. from Lenox. Population, 1837, 924. Incorporated, 1793.
CliesliLre , Ct.
New Haven co. Taken from
Wallingford in 1780.
It lies 14
miles N. from New Haven, and 25
Population,
S. E. from Hartford.
The Quinnipiac river
1880, 1,780.
and Farmington canal pass through
Cheshire has an unthe town.
even, but good soil, with a very
pleasant village, and an Episcopal
academy, 54 by 34 feet; a brick
building of considerable taste. Agriculture is the chief occupation of
—
the inhabitants.
Cbester, Me.
none in the state. There are several large and valuable meadows. In
this town are two caves, sometimes
visited by strangers.
That which
was earliest noticed,
Mine hill, near the
situated in
east side of
is
Massabesick pond.
The entrance
about 5 feet high and 2 1-2 wide.
The cavern extends into the hill, in
a northern direction, about 80 feet,
of sufficient dimensions to admit a
person to pass. Its form is very irregular, and its height and breadth
various, from 2 to 12 feet. The other is in the westerly side of Rattlesnake hill, in the S. W. part of the
town, in a ledge of coarse granite,
It has two
nearly 40 feet high.
entrances.
The north entrance is
about 11 feet high and 4 broad.
Native sulphur is found in this town
in small quantities, imbedded in
Granite and gneiss are
tremolite.
the prevailing rocks, and handsome
specimens of graphic granite are
The village in
sometimes found.
this town is pleasant, and stands
chiefly on a long street.
It is the
is
Penobscot CO, Incorporated, 1834.
Population, 1837, 323.
See Bar-
principal place of business in this
part of the county, and is situated
nard, Me.
on an elevated rise, commanding
one of the most extensive prospects
From this hill,
in New England.
the ocean, though more than 20
Chester, X. H.,
Rockingham
co., is
17 miles
W.
S.
W.
from Exeter, 30 W. S. W. from
Portsmouth, 17 N. W. from Haverhill, and 23 S. E. from Concord.
A branch of Exeter river, called
"The Branch," flows through the
E. part of Chester, beside which
there is no stream deserving menMassabesick pond is the largtion.
est body of fresh water in the county, and contains about 1,500 acres.
N.
The
line between
Manchester passes
town and
more than 2
this
miles through the westerly part of
The Indians had a setthis pond.
tlement of 10 or 12 wigwams on an
island in this pond, vestiges of
it is said, may still be seen,
considerable portion of the town
possesses a good soil, and many of
the large swells yield in fertility to
which,
A
8*
miles distant, may, in a clear day,
Population,
be distinctly seen.
1830,2,039. Incorporated, 1722.
Cliester, Vt.
Windsor
First settled, 1764.
Population, 1830, 2,320.
Three
considerable streams form William's
river and give Chester a good water
power.
The land is uneven, but
fertile and productive.
This is a
very pleasant town, with two handsome villages, manufactures of various kinds, and about 10,000 sheep.
This is a great thoroughfare for travellers from the eastern part of New
England to the Hudson river, near
Troy, N. Y. The passage over the
Green
co.
JNIountains, from Chester to
is considered the best
Manchester,
�NEW ENGLAND
in
tliis
lies 16
part of the state.
Chester
miles S. S. W. from Wind-
79 S. from Montpelier, and
about 30 E. N. E. from Manchester.
sor,
Chester, Mass.
Hampden
co.
Thi^s is a mountainous township, but good for grazing.
In 1837, it had 3,720 sheep
their wool weighed 10,325 pounds,
and sold for $5,818.
There are
2 cotton mills in Chester, 3 tanneries, and a window blind foctory.
Total amount of manufactures, in
one year, $47,975.
Branches of
Westfield river pass through the
tov/n.
Incorporated, 1765,
Population, 1S37, 1,290.
115 miles W.
by S. from Boston, and 20 N. W.
from Springfield.
;
Chesterfield, N. H.,
Cheshire co., is 11 miles S. W.
from Keene, and 65 S. W. from
Concord. Few towns on Connecticut river have so little intervale
land.
For the whole six miles that
it lies upon the river, the hills approach near the river's side. There
much good
upland, well adapted
grazing and the production of
Indian corn.
The chief articles
is
for
carried to market are beef, pork,
butter and cheese.
Cat's Bane
brook is a stream of great importance, as it furnishes many mill seats.
SpafFord's lake is a beautiful collection of water, situated about one
mile N. from the meeting-house.
it contains a surface of about 526
acres.
It is fed by springs in its
bosom. Its waters are remarkably
clear and pure, its bed being a white
sand.
In this lake there is an island of about six acres, which forms
a delightful retreat.
On its E. side
issues a stream called Partridge's
brook, sutTiciently large to cai-ry
the machinery of a cotton factory,
saw-mills, &c.
West river mountain lies in this town and Hinsdale.
It
is
supposed
to
have been once
subject to a volcanic eruption, and
GAZETTEER.
there is at present a considerable
quantity of lava near its crater.
It
is said by those who live near the
mountain, that it frequently trembles, and a rumbling noise is heard
in its bowels.
Chesterfield has 3
villages.
The principal one, leading from Hartford to Hanover, is situated near the centre of the town,
and 3 miles E. from Connecticut river.
Here are several dwellinghouses, the meeting-house and a
flourishing academy, which was
opened Aug. 14, 1794. The first
settlement was made Nov. 25, 1761,
on the banks of the Connecticut, by
Moses Smith and William Thomas,
with their families.
od, the river afforded
At
that peri-
abundance of
shad and salmon, and the forests
were well stocked with deer, bears
and other game, so that the inhabexperience those privations so common in new settlements. Population, 1830, 2,040.
itants did not
Chesterfield, Mass.
A
Hampshire co.
township of
rough, elevated land, 97 miles W.
from Boston, and 11 V/. N. W. from
Northampton watered by a branch
of Westfield river.
It has a good
;
power, 1 woolen mill, 2 tansome curious minerals, and
a water course, worn very deep
through solid rock.
Population,
There were sheared
1837, 1,158.
Vv^ater
neries,
Chesterfield, in 1837,
7,100
sheep, producing 20,800 pounds of
noble
wool, valued at $12,480.
in
A
example.
Chesterville, Me.
Franklin
co.
W^ilson's
stream
passes through this town, and empties below the falls of Sandy river.
Incorporated,
First settled, 1782.
Population, 1837, 1,040.—
1802.
This is an excellent township of
land. It yielded, in 1837, 4,046
bushels of wheat. It lies about 24
miles N. E. from Augusta, and 12
N. E. from Farmins;ton.
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
this
town,
Gay Head, in
yard.
of the island; it
is the south point
is
the sea, and is
the county of Piscataquis,
is 150 feet above
In
sheet of water through crowned with one of the five hghta lar-e
river passes
houses in this county.
which' the Penobscot
receives the Kahkoguamook
Gay Head is about 60 miles E
It also
Ihis
rivers.
E of Montauk, on Long Island,
and Umbazookskus
long and S and bears marks of having been
lake is about 25 miles
country around subject to volcanic eruptions. Ihe
miles wide. The
ot minfertile, and as
place abounds in specimens
this fine lake is very
wool
of geoloadapted to the growing of
erals worthy the notice
well
ot the
This part of the island is ingists.
and wheat as any portion
of the
is about
Its central point
habited by some descendants
elobe.
W. N. W. from Augusta. native Indians, who own part ot the
130 miles
Cliesuucoolc
Lialte,
Me.,
N
miles
co., is situated 8
Concord. It was granted
salt
manutac-
Gookin
was
Cliina,
e
the cultivator. There
any considerable
land, nor are there
The east part of the
elevations.
Suncook
town is watered by the
which affords its mill seats
is little
in-
Population,
corporated in
It lies 92 miles S. b.
700.
1S37,
Nantucket,
from Boston, 33 W. from
Bedford,
23 S E by S. from New
Edgarton.
S. W. by S. from
and 12
1714.
;
The
Chilmark was
sheep are kept.
20, 1727, to Nathaniel
was
others but the settlement
and
until 175S, when
not commenced
the woods.
Paul Morrill settled in
repays
ffood, and richly
soil is
May
some
is
about 7,000
tured at this place, and
Merrimack
E. from
There
lands.
Cliicliester, N. H.,
river,
intervale.—
and some productive
In variPopulation, 1830, 1,081.
the town are still to be
ous parts of
settlements
seen traces of Indian
;
Me.
Kennebec co. This is a townwhich proship of excellent land,
bushes of
in 1837, 12,953
duced,
la.ie,
is watered by a
wheat. China
Pond," a fine
or " Twelve Mile
Skaneminiature of the beautiful
New\or.v.
ateles,in the state of
into the
\t the outlet of this pond,
are excellent mill priv-
stone, chisels, Kennebec,
and implements of
the pond
frequently been ileges. On the bank of
axes. &c., have
once the is a very flourishing village, a steam
was
found. The vicinity
A vistribe, the saw-mill, and an academy.
residence of a powerful
Albion, Clinton,
plantations ot
to this place,
it
Penacooks, and their
neighboring
on the banks Dixmont, and the
corn, &c., were made
a doltowns, where wheat is worth
of the Suncook.
barn,
and a half a bushel in the
lar
Cliicltopee River, Mass.
against the ivestis a good specific
A trip from Boston to
Lei- ern fever.
river rises in Spencer,
This
back again may be perreceives the China and
cester and Paxton, and
number of hours
Broo*<- formed in the same
of Quaboag pond, in
waters
either ot the
it takes to go up
Warren. that
It passes through
field
miles, towards an unwaters canals 100
At Palmer it receives the and en- seen country. China lies 20 miles
and Swift rivers,
of Ware
from Augusta, 48 S. W. from
at the N. part N E.
ters the Connecticut
Boston. PopSouth Bano-or, and 138 from
from
S.
of Springfield, 7 miles
Hadley.
Cliilmark, Mass.
Dukes CO.
S.
and
W.
This town lies on the
part of Martha's Vine-
ulatfon, 1837, 2,641.
Chittenden County, Vt.
Burlington
This
county
is
is
the chief town.
bounded N. by
�NEW
ENiJLAND GAZETTEER,
Franklin county, E. by Washino-by Addison county
and W. by Champlain lake. Area'
500 square miles. Population, 182o'
16,055; 1830, 21,765.
Population
to a square mile, about
44.
ton county, S.
A
few settlements commenced in this
county before the revolution, but
they were all abandoned durinothe
war.
Incorporated, 1782.
vanes from rich
to
and
light
beautiful
Its soil
meadows
The
alluvial
sandy plains.
Champlain
washinoit great
western boundary gives
its
fa-
rivers are rich and luxuriant.
The
agricultural products are large
and
valuable.
The houses and buildings present a very favorable
appearance, and indicate the wealth
and prosperity of the town. In
this
town are a number of manufactories of cloth, paper,
leather, &c.
Claremont was granted in 1764.
In this town are "fine beds
of iron
ore and limestone.
It received
its name from the
country seat of
Lord Clive, an English
general.
Ihe
first
settlement
was made
in
cilities for trade to New
York and 1762, by Moses Spafford and
David
Canada. Its agricultural and manLynde. Many eminent men have
ufacturing products are considerresided in this town. The Hon.
Caable.
In IS37 there were in this leb
Ellis came to reside in
Clarecounty about 80,000 sheep.
La- inont about 1800. In
1804, he was
moille river passes through its N.W.
chosen a member of congress
from
corner, and Onion river pierces
its
this state
in 1S09 and ISIO, a memcentre. These streams, with severber of the executive council:
in
al others of smaller size,
afford the
1812, an elector of president and
county a good water power.
vice-president of the U. S. In
1813,
he was appointed judge of the
Cliittemleii, Vt.
;
su-
Rutland
in this
co.
town
lie
Most of the lands
on the Green moun-
Some of the branches of
river pass through it.
Near
the head of the Philadelphia branch,
so called, is a mineral spring,
said'
to contain some good
qualities.—
tains.
perior court, in
Manganese
oi an excellent quality
found here. In 1837 there were
in Chittenden about 700 people,
and
3,000 sheep.
About 12 miles N.
by E. from Rutland, and 40 N. by
E. from Montpelier.
Sullivan co., is 12 miles N. from
Charlestown, 8 W. from Newport
47 N. N. W. from Concord, and 97
W. N. W. from Portsmouth. This
town is watered by Connecticut and
summits.
on the
miles
from Boston, and 27 N.
from Lenox.
Incorpora-
W. by N.
by E.
ted, 1798.
hills are sloping
intervales
A
branch of Hoosick river passes through this
moun
tainous township.
It fies 125
Population, 1837, 386.
Clarksburghhas a small cotton mill,
5 saw mills, and 255 sheep.
crowned with elegant
The
soil is a gravelly loam,
with considerable alluvial meadow along
its
streams.
There are some manufacturing establishments in
Clai-ksbiirgli, Mass.
rivers,
besides numerous
brooks and rivulets.
Claremont is
a fine undulating tract of territory,
covered with a rich gravelly loam,'
converted into the best meadows'
The
ClarciitlcM, Vt.
Rutland CO. Otter creek. Mill
and Cold rivers and several
brooks
give this town good mill
privileges.
Here are good marble, a mineral
spring, and a curious cave.
The
Berkshire co.
Sugar
and pastures.
he re-
Clarenden, and about 13,000 sheep.
Pop.
ulafion, J.S30, 1,585. It lies 55
miles
S. from Montpelier, and
7 S. from
Rutland.
Claremont, N. H.,
acclivities,
office
mained till his death. May 9,
1816,
aged 49. Population, 1830, 2,526.'
White
is
which
,
�NEW ENGLAND
GAZETTEER.
have only to add that Cape Cod light
42° 2' 22"; W. Ion
i> in N. lat.
Clarksville, N. H.
This town was incorporated in 70^ 4' 22".
It liad before that lime borne
1S32.
Cape Cod bay is in Massachuthe name of tlie First College setts bay, and is formed by the half
Grant. It was granted to the trus- extended arm of the cape. See
tees of Dartmouth Coileoe, Feb. 5, Barnstable county.
It contains 40,li60 acres, and
17S9.
Colxasset, Mass.
river, in
is situated on Connecticut
Coos county, N. of Stewartstown.
town on MassaNorfolk CO.
88.
Its population, in 1830, was
chusetts bay, noted for its rocky
6
coast and numerous shipwrecks.
Clintou, Me.
miles E. from Hingham, 20 E. by
Kennebec co. This iine town- S. from Dedham, and about 16 SIncorship is hounded on the E. by Ken- E. from Boston, by water.
A
nebec river. The Seba-iicook passes through the town, and, at the
great
falls on that river, ahords it a
It has a neat and
hydraulic power.
pleasant village on the bank of the
manufactures,
Sebasticook, fome
and large agricultural products. In
1837 this town produced a considerable quantity of wool, and 10,807
Incorporated,
bushels of wheat.
1837, 2,642.
Population,
1795.
Clinton lies 24 miles N. by E. from
Augusta, and about 12 S. by E.
fiom Skowhegan.
Cobbessecontee "Waters, Me.
The pond is a fine sheet of walying
ter,
VV.
of Hallowell,
and
connected with smaller ponds in
Monmouth, Winthrop, Readfield,
The outlet
and Mount Vernon.
same
of the pond is a river of the
into a beautisee on the stage road
and empties into the
name, which passes
ful
pond
we
Richmond,
Kennebec
at
Gardiner.
m
These wa-
power,
ters afford a great hydraulic
an abundance of fish, and much delightful scenery.
Cobscook Bay, Me.
A
large bay, the recipient of a
number of large ponds, on the S.
W. side of Eastport, in Passamaquoddy bay. See Eastport.
Coa, Cape and Eay.
Having brietly described this
cape, under Barnstable county, we
porated,
1770.
Population,
1837,
This place has about 40 sail
of merchant, coasting and fishing
vessels, and a large tide-water powCob asset has become a great
er.
resort for citizens and strangers, in
summer months, to enjoy the maand
rine scenery, exhilarating air,
JVaall those pleasures for which
The value of
hajit is celebrated.
the fisheries, for the year ending
April 1, 1837, was $75,536. The
value of salt, vessels, boots, shoes,
and wooden ware manufactured,
1,331.
was $35,920.
Colcliester, Vt.,
Chittenden CO., is pleasantly situated at the head of a bay on the
E. side of lake Champlain, 36 miles
N. W. from Montpclier, and 6 N.
from Burlington. This town is well
watered by Onion river, and some
Colchester has
smaller streams.
some good and some poor land, some
trade on the lake, and about 4,000
First settled by Gen. Ira
sheep.
Allen, in 1774. Population, 1830,
1,489.
Colcliester, Ct.
New
London co. This is a pleatown the site of Bacon academy. It lies 20 miles N. W. from
sant
;
London, and 23 S. E. from
Hartford. First settled, 1701. PopThe surface
ulation, 1830, 2,068.
of the town is uneven, with a strong
New
�NEW ENGLAND
gravelly soil.
is found here.
Excellent iron ore
GAZETTEER.
a watchful guard over the
Devil^
the old black bull, who has done so
much hurt of late. All perceived
the wisdom and fitness of Mr. Bulkley's advice, and resolved to be
gov-
Rev. John Bulkley, a grandson
of president Chauncy, was the
first
settled minister in this place.
Mr.
Bulkley was a very distinguished
scholar.
He died in 1731. He
published a curious treatise, in
vvhich he contended that the
Indians had nojust claims to any lands
erned by
all
improved by their own
labor.
afflicted
told in
church."
Coletorook, N. H.,
an old book.
is
The consequence was,
animosities subsided, and
harmony was restored to the long
but such as they had subdued and
following story
it.
the
The
Coos CO., on Connecticut river
about 35 miles N. of Lancaster.
It
" The Rev. Mr. Bulkley of Colchester, Conn., was famous in his
day as a casuist and sage counsel-
watered by the Mohawk river
and Beaver brook. The soil here
is rich, and capable
of culture.
Inlor.
church in his neighborhood tervales of
good quality stretch
had fallen into unhappy divisions along
the Connecticut.
Colebrook
and contentions, which they were
was originally granted to Sir George
unable to adjust among themselves.
Colebrook
They deputed one of their number corporated and others, and was inDec. 1, 1790. There is
to the venerable Bulkley,
for his an academy in this
town, incorposervices, with a request that he
rated in 1833.
Population, 1830,
would send it to them in writing. 542.
The matters were taken into serious
consideration, and the advice, with
Colebrook, Ct.
much deliberation, committed to
Litchfield CO. An elevated townwriting.
It so happened, that Mr.
ship of a hard gravelly soil and
unBulkley had a farm in an extreme
even surface, on the line of Maspart of the town, upon which
he sachusetts 31 miles N. W.
from
entrusted a tenant.
In superscrib- Hartford, and 18
N. E. from Litching the two letters, the one for the
field.
The eastern part of the town
church was directed to the tenant,
is watered by Farmington
river.
and the one for the tenant to the
Here are a number of good mill
church. The church was convenseats, and a manufactory of
broaded to hear the advice which was to
cloth.
The village is very pleasettle all their disputes.
The mod- sant, having Mount Pisgah
in the
erator read as
IS
A
i
I
;
follows : You will see
to the repair of the fences, that they
be built high and strong, and you
loill take special care
of the old
black bull.
This mystical advice
puzzled the church at first, but an
interpreter
among
the
more
dis-
cerning ones was soon found, who
said, Brethren, this is the very
advice we most need ; the directions
to repair the fences is to admonish
us to take good heed in the admission and government of our members we must guard the church
by our Master's laws, and keep out
strange cattle from the fold. And
:
we must
in a particular
manner
set
rear.
First settled,
lation, 1830, 1,332.
1765.
Popu-
Coleraine, Mass.
Franklin co. This town was first
settled by a colony from the
north
of Ireland, about the j'^ear 1736.
It
lies 105 miles N. W. from
Boston
and 9 N. W. from Greenfield. It
IS watered by a branch of
Deerfield
river, which produces a water
power for 3 cotton mills and
several
other manufactories. The manufactures consist of cotton goods,
iron
castings, leather, hats, chairs,
cabinet ware, ploughs, spades, shovels,
forks,
and hoes
j
total
valucj in one
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
for the instruction
He removed his
of Indian youth.
family and pupils to Hanover, N.
H., in the autumn of 1770. The
opened a school
This is a fine graztownship, and produced, in
1837, 16,123 pounds of wool, valued at $9,133, the fleeces of 5,754
Population, 1837, 1,998.
sheep.
year, $91,000.
ins;
snow was very deep, and Hanover
" Sometimes
was a wilderness.
Colleges in Ne^v England.
standing in the open
air, at
the head
of his numerous fami'ly, Dr. Wheelock presented to God their mornthe suring and evening prayers
rounding forests, for the first time,
reverberated the solemn sounds of
See Register.
Colmu'bia, Me.
:
Washington co. At the head of
tide water, on the W. side of PleaIt is a very large townsant river.
ship, well provided with mill seats,
and was settled soon after the revIt lies 15 miles W.
olutionary war.
from Machias, and 120 E. by N.
from Augusta. Columbia has con-
siderable trade, particularly in lumPopulation, 1837, 793.
ber.
Colimiljia,
IV.
H.,
In the county of Coos, lies on the
E. bank of Connecticut river, 30
miles N. of Lancaster, and 147 N.
The surface of the
of Concord.
town is quite uneven, the mountains of Stratford lying along the
S. From these a number of streams
descend north-westerly into the
Connecticut, furnishing many fine
mill seats.
There arc
also several
small ponds in town. On the borders of one, called Lime pond, vast
quantities of shells are found, from
which a species of lime is made
answers for some uses. It
was incorporated 1797. Population,
that
1830, 442.
Colimi'bia, Ct.
Tolland co. Taken from LebaIt is 22 miles E. from
non, in 1800.
Hartford, and about 14 S. by E.
Population, 1830,
from Tolland.
Columbia is watered by a
branch of the Willimantic, and has
a satinet factory, and other ope962.
rations
by water.
The
surface
is
the soil hard and gravelly,
In this
but excellent for grazing.
place, about the year 1741, the Rev.
Dr. Eleazar Wheelock, the first
president of Dartmouth College,
uneven
;
supplication ajid praise." This good
man died in 1779, aged 69.
Concord, Me.
Somerset
co.
Incorporated
in
1821. Population, 1837, 524. Concord lies on the V*'. side of Kennebec river, 55 miles N. from Augusta, and about 20 N. from Norridgewock. This is a good township,
and produced, in 1837, 3,121 bushels of wheat.
Concoi'd, W. H.,
capitolof the state, and shire
of the county of Merrimack.
It lies on both sides of the INIerrimack river, in N. lat. 43° 12' 29",
The
town
W. Ion. 71° 29'; and is 146
miles S. W. from Augusta, Me.
97 S. E. from Montpelier, Vt.; 153
N. E. from Albany, N. Y. 65 N.
N. W. from Boston, Mass. 103 N.
from Providence, R. I. ; 139 N. N.
E. from Hartford, Conn., and 474
N. E. by E. from Washington.
There are five ponds in Concord,
the largest of which are Turkey, in
the S. W., and Long pond in the
N. W. parts of the town, on the
streams passing from which are
some valuable mills and privileges.
The Contoocook river enters the W.
corner of the town, and uniting
with the Merrimack on the N. W.
line, forms at its junction the celebrated Buston's Island. On the
borders of the Merrimack, which
is the principal river of this region,
are rich intervale lands, highly valued by the inhabitants, and well
Soon after «nt6ring
cultivated.
and
;
;
�NEW ENGLAND
Concord, the river passes over Sewor rapids, below which is
Sewall's island. Fro:a thence the
river has no natural obstruction until it reaches the falls at the S. E.
extremity of the town, where is a
fill's falls,
water power, now owned by the
Amoskeag Manufacturing Company, almost sufficient to move the
machinery of another Lowell.
Locks are here constructed, and
navigation by boats lias been open
since 1815 during the boating seasou, adding much to the business and
importance of the place. The river is aliout 100 yards wide opposite
the town
but during the great
;
freshets which sometimes occur
here, the river rises 20 feet above
the ordinary level, presenting to
the eye a body of water a niilc in
width. There are two handsome
bridges thrown across the river.
The principal village, and seat
of most of the business of the town,
is on the western side of llie river,
extending nearly two miles between
the two bridges
and is one of the
most healthy and pleasantly situated villages in Ncav England. The
state house, state prison and court
Louse, and five very comn:iodiou3
and handsome structures for public
worship, are in this village. The
state house occupies a beautiful site
in the centre of the village, and is
;
GAZETTEER.
will create a vast and valuable wapower at this village, that must
ultimately prove of immense imter
portance to the town.
Another
handsome village has grown up iu
the west part of the town.
The
intercourse with Lowell and Boston,
by way of the canal on the Merrimack, has been open since 1815,
and a very large amount of business in freights has been tlone on
The Concord rail-road,
the river.
to connect with the Lowell railroad, has also been sui-veyed, and
will doubtless soon be put in progress.
This is a link in the great
chain of noithern lailways, which
must ultimately extend fiom Boston
to connect with the western waters
at the outlet of lake Ontario.
The
importance of extending the railroad to the heart of New Hampsliire has by no means been fully
estimated by the public.
Concord
is the great thoroughfai-e for travellers from the north, and the freight
by horses and baggage wagons is
immense.
The
roil
of this
town
is
gcnei'al-
and the intervales very
productive.
Large masses of gianite suitable for the purposes of building exist here, the most important of
ly good,
The J\'ew Hampshire
name by which in an act of
incorporation an immense mass of
which
Ledge,
is
a
constructed of hewn granite.
It is
126 feet in length, 49 in width, 50
feet of the centre of the buildinghaving a projection of 4 feet on
granite in the N.W. part of the tow^n
has been designated. This ledge is
situated about 1 1-2 miles N. ^V of
the state house, and about 200 rods
each front.
It rises two stories
above the basement. The height
from the ground to the eagle on the
distant froni
top of the cupola is 120 feet.
The
cost of the building and append:iThe state prison is
ges, $80,000.
also a solid structure of nmssive
granite.
On the east side of the
river is the second principal village,
where the Sewall's f alls Locks and
Canal Company, recently chartered,
their
have commenced
works,
which, by taking the waters of the
river in a canal from Sewall's falls,
.
Merrimack
river, which
navigable to (his place with boats.
The course of the ledge is from N.
E. to S. W. and its rise about 45°
fiom a plane of the horizon, and its
height about 350 feet.
It pjesents
a suiface of massive
primitive
granite, of uiore than 4,500 square
is
The rift of this stone is very
perfect, smooth and regular; splits
are easily made to the depth of 12
rotls.
20 feet, and of almost any required length. And unlike much
of the building stone now in the
to
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
it has been ascertained by
a recent examination (made by Mr.
A. H. Hayes, of Roxbury, Mass.,
market,
and
other eminent
chemists and
geologists,) that the stone from this
quarry is perfectly free from those
oxides, or other mineral substances,
which on exposure to the atmosphere, mar the beauty of much of
This
England granite.
the
stone quarries easily ; the great elevation and dip of the ledge, and its
proximity to the river, giving it facilities of working and transportation,
it is believed unequalled. From the
base of the ledge to the bank of the
New
name
of Rumford, which name
retained until 7th June, 1765,
when the town was incorporated
by its present name. This town
suffered much from incursions of
the savages. Several of the inhab-
it
were
itants
into
killed,
captivity,
and
otiier?
taken
between the years
1740 and 1750. The manufactures
of Concord are numerous and viluable.
They consist of books, furniture of all kinds, boots, aiioe?,
granite, lumber, and a variety oi
other articles.
The manufacture
of books is very extensive, and annually increasing.
Population in 1775, 1,052 ; in 17S0,
Merrimack, a rail-way is contemplated, the proprietors of the ledge 1,747; in ISOO, 2,052; in ISIO,
having already obtained a charter 2,393 in 1820, 2,838 and in 1830,
for that purpose.
As the great fa- 3,727. The present population is
cility of transportation by way of between 4 and 5 thousand.
Among the early inhabitants and
the river to the markets, becomes
known, together with the fact, that distinguished citizens of this town,
the upward freight would, during a may t)e mentioned the following
great portion of the j'ear, go far
Hon. Timothy Walker, son
towards remunerating the cost of of the first minister of Concord, an
ti-nnsportation of this stone to the active patriot during the revolution,
seaboard the situation, extent, and member of the convention of 1784,
value of this quarry will be seen a legislator, and judge of the comand appreciated. On several large mon pleas. He died May 5, 1822,
perpendicular faces of the ledge, aged 85.
protected by shelving rocks from
Dr, Philip Carrigaik, an
vegetable stains, but exposed for eminent physician, who died iu
ages perhaps to the atmosphere, the 1806,
stone is found to be entirely free
Hon. Thot-ias W, Tkompsox,
from any coloring or stain, preserv- a distinguished lawyer and politiing its natural color.
The amount cian, who died 1 Oct., 1S21, aged
of the whole mass, when wrought, 57.
can scarcely be estimated.
This
Sir
Ben-jamin Thompson
representation is derived from gen- (known to the world as Coun^t
tlemen of Concord not at all in- Rumford) settled and married
terested in the quarry, and is here here in early life.
given, with the sole qualification,
Joii:\' Fart.ier, Esq,, an eminthat if the quality of the stone is as ent antiquary and genealogist, repure as is stated, there is no danger sided here for the last seventeen
of over-estimating the value of the years of his life, and died 13 Aug.,
quarry.
specimen of this granite 1838, aged 49. Mr. Farmer's health
is with the editor for examination.
was always exceedingly delicate
Concord, originally called Pena- he therefore, partly of necessity and
cook, was granted by Massachu- partly of clioice, adopted a very
setts to a company of settlers, 17th sedentary roode of life.
He colJan., 1725, and the settlement began lected around him books of ancient
the year following.
In 1733, the date gathered together earlj'^ recplantation was incorporated by the ords of towns notices of the first
;
;
:
—
A
:
—
9
—
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
settlers
—
the country inquired
names, ages, characters,
of
into the
and deaths of distinguished men of
every profession entered into extensive correspondence with men
v/ho might be able to furnish him
with facts rehitive to the subjects of
his inquiry.
In short, Mr. Farmer
—
known as an Antiquarian, distinguisiied far beyond
soon became
fellow
his
al!
knowledge of
for exact
and events rel-
citizens,
facts
New
ative to the history of
England.
His mind was a wonderful
repository of names and dates and
particular incidents, not stored up
indeed for private gratiiication, but
always open for the benefit of othSo general and well established was his reputation for accuracy,
er?.
that his authority was relied on, as
decisive in historical and genealogical facts.
Feelings of personal attachment
and obligations for numerous invaluable tokens of friendship, received
editor, v/ould seem to require
a full length portrait of the character of this distinguished man and
estimable christian even in a work
of this kind ; and it should be given, had not an abler pen performed
that act of justice.
See American
by the
—
Quarterly Register.
Coiicord, Vt.
Essex
First
17SS.
the
Vv\ side of Connecticut river: 38
miles E. by N. from Montpelier,
and 18 S. V/. from Guildhall. Moose
river, a branch of the Passumpsic,
waters the north part of the town.
Hall's and Mile ponds are beautiful sheets of water, and afford a
variety of fish. The soil of the town
is pretty good, and keeps about 3,000
CO.
Population,
1830,
settled,
l,Ora.
On
sheep.
Co5icor«3, Mass.
One
of the
cliief
towns of Mid-
This town is situdlesex county.
ated on the river of the same name,
17 miles W. N. W. from Boston,
14 S. S. W. from Lowell, and 30 E.
N. £. from "Worcester, incorpo1635.
Population,
rated,
1820,
1,788
1837,2,023. This town was
the first inland settlement in the
colony of Massachusetts Bay. The
township was originally six miles
square, and derives its name from
the harmony in which it was purchased of the natives.
Its Indian
5
Musketaquid. It took an
active part in the prosecution of the
war against king Philip, in 1675-6,
and in April of the latter j'^ear, 10
or 12 of its citizens were killed, in
the attack made by the Indians on
the neighboring town of Sudbury.
title viTd.s
The general court has frequently
held its sessions in this town, and
in the year 1774 the provincial congress selected
On
meeting.
it
as their place of
the
li)th of April,
1775, a detachment of Bi'itish troops,
sent X3ut by Gen. Gage for the purpose of seizing a quantity of military stores which were deposited
here by the province, were met at
the North bridge by the citizens of
Concord and the neighboring towns,
and forcibly repulsed. It was at
this spot that the first regular and
effectual resistance was made, and
the first British life was taken, in
the war of the revolution.
The
graves of two of the British soldiers,
who Vfere killed at this place, are
still
marked, and a suitable monu-
ment
is erected near the site of the
bridge, to commemorate the event.
The monument is of granite, in the
form of an obelisk ; its height about
25 feet; the base, which is square,
is a large block 5 1-2 feet broad,
and about 3 in height. On the west
side of the next block, is inlaid a
i'lab of white
Italian marble, on
which is engraved the following in-
scription
:
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER^
consist of cotton goodSj satinet and
flannel, hoots, shoes, hats, ploughs,
Here,
On the
19th of April,
)77o,
Was made
The first forcible resistance
To British aggression.
On the opposite Bank,
lead pipe, chairs and cabinet ware.
value, in one year, exclusive of cotton goods, amounted to
The whole
$156,012.
Stood the American Militia.
Concord River.
Here stood the invading Array,
And on
this spot
of the enemy fell
In the War of that Revolution
Which gave
The
first
Independence
To
these United States,
And
In the love of freedom,
This Monument
Was erected
A. D. 1836.
of
:
'.-
In gratitude to God,
The manufactures
This river is formed by the union
Assabet and Sudbury rivers at
Concord after passing through the
towns of Bedford, Billerica, and
Chelmsford, it fails into the Merrimack between Lowell and Tewk?bury. This river furnishestheM'
dlesex canal with most of its ,> ..-
of
Concord
C5j-'i2'<
ters.
Counaiiicut Island*
See Jamestown, R.
I.
iTiCiCT.
-is bounded N. by ^Massachusetts, E. by Rhode Island,
Situated between
by Lung Island Sound, and W, by New York.
40° 58' and 42° 1' N. lat. and 72° 37' and 71° 43' W. Ion.
This state
S.
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
The
territory of Connecticut
The colony
and A''ew Haven.
was formerly two
Connecticut
colonies
was planted by
of Connecticut
citizens
of Massachusetts, at Windsor, in 1633, and at Hartford and Wethersfield,
The colony
in 1635 and 1636.
men,
till
was
settled
by English-
This charter was the basis of the gov-
granted by Charles the Second.
ernment
New Haven
of
In 1665, the two colomes were united by a charter
in 1638.
1818,
when
the present constitution
was formed.
The executive power of this State is vested in a Governor, and a Lieutenant-Governor, who is also President of the Senate.
The legislative power is vested in a Senate and a House of RepresenThe Senate
tatives, which together are called T7i,e General Jtssemhiy.
lowns may choose two Representatives
;
the others one each.
All the
Monday
of April.
above are elected annually by the people on the
The General Assembly has one
first Wednesday in May.
first
commencing
stated session in each year,
on the
the years of even numbers at
Most of the
more than 24 members.
consists of not less than 18 and not
These
New
sessions are held alternately, in
Haven, and in the years
of odd
num-
bers at Hartford.
The electors
who have
age,
are
the
all
white male citizens, of twenty-one years of
resided in the
town
in
which they vote
months next
six
preceding, and have a freehold estate of the value of seven dollars
who have performed
previous to the voting
Those
voting.
;
or
regular military duty in said town for one year next
;
or
who shall have
paid a tax within a year of his
entitled to be electors, before voting
must be qualified by
taking the oath prescribed by law.
No
person
one he
port.
is
is
liable
He may
obliged to join any religious society
by law
to
;
but having joined
pay his proportion of the charges
separate himself from such society
for its sup-
by leaving with the
clerk thereof notice of his determination to close his connextion with
them.
The
judicial
department of the government embraces the Supreme
Court of Errors, the Superior Court, a County Court in each county, a
City Court in each city, a Court of Probate in each probate
as in other states in
New
district,
and
England, an indefinite number of Justices of
the Peace in each county.
The Supreme Court
pointed
of Errors
consists of five
by the General Assembly, and hold
behavior, but not after seventy years of age.
Judges,
who
are ap-
their offices during good
They
are
subject to re-
moval by impeachment, and by the Governor, on the address of two thirds
of the members of each House of the General Assembly.
This court
has
final
and exclusive jurisdiction of writs of error, brought
to revise
the judgment on decrees of the Superior Court, in law or equity, wherein
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
the errors complained of appear from the
term
in
Though
each county annually.
nizance only of writs of error, yet, as
all
the
It holds
and records.
files
this
one
body, as a court, has cog-
members
are Judges of the
Superior Court, a convenient opportunity is afforded, while they are
thus assembled, for hearing argumencs on motions for new trials and cases
stated.
The
These, of course, occupy a considerable portion of the term
them are given by waj?^ of advice to
opinions of the Judges upon
the Superior Court, in
which the cases
are respectively pending.
This
being understood as settling the law.
is always followed, it
Judge of the Superior Court of Errors, designated by that court
the purpose, constitutes the Superior Court; two terms of which are
advice
A
for
This court has cognizance of
held in each county annually.
civil actions
law brought by appeal from the County, City, and Probate Courts,
and of suits for relief in chancery, wherein the value of the matter in
at
demand exceeds $335.
In criminal causes
it
has exclusive jurisdiction
of Oifences punishable with death or imprisonment for
rent with the
County Courts, of
Peace.
of the
jurisdiction of the Justices
and of
for divorce,
petitions for
new
and, concur-
It
has also cognizance of
;
of
of scire facias, audita querela, and
v.'rits
trials relative
;
decisions of inferior tribunals
writs of error brought to revise the
petitions
life
other offences not committed to the
all
matters in or issuing from the court.
to
In capital cases, the Judge holding the court
is to call to
his
assistance
one or more of the other Judges.
The County Courts
Judges,
who
Chief Judge and two Associate
This
consist of one
are appointed
annually by the General Assembly.
court has original jurisdiction of
all
civil
actions at law,
wherein the
value of the matter in demand exceeds $35, and appellate jurisdiction
It has
of all such actions wherein the value in demand exceeds $7.
also original
and
final jurisdiction of suits for relief in equity,
demand does not exceed ,$335, except
judgment rendered on a cause depending at law
the value in
a
wherein
suits for relief against
in the Superior
Court.
In criminal jurisdiction,
it
has cognizance of
all
ofTences above the
jurisdiction of a Justice of the Peace, and not exclusively within that
of the Superior Court.
It is also
vested with powers relative to the
granting licences, the appointment of
laying out of roads,
survey-
ors, &.C.
Justices of the Peace have cognizance of
nature, wherein the value in
offences and crimes punishable
onment not exceeding
In each of the six
demand does
by
fine not
all
actions at
law of a
civil
not exceed .$35, and of
exceeding
i^l, or
all
by impris-
thirty days, or both.
cities
— Hartford,
9#
New
Haven,
New
London, Nor-
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
"
wich, Middletown, and Bridgeport— there is a City Court, consisting of
Mayor and two senior Aldermen, having cognizance of all civil
the
wherein the
actions
of land
title
is
not concerned.
Succession of Governors since the Union of the Colonies under
the Charter in 1G65.
John Winthrop, 1665—1676.
Treat, 1683-1693.
Fitz-John
William Leet, 1676—1683.
Winthrop, 169S— 1707.
Robert
Gurdon Sal-
1708—1724.
Joseph Talcott, 1725—1741.
Jonathan Law,
Roger Wolcott, 1751—1754. Thomas Filch, 1754—1766.
William Pitkin, 1766—1769.
Jonathan Trumbull, 1769—1784. Matthew Griswold, 1734—1786. Samuel Huntington, 1786—1795. Oliver
Wolcott, 1796,1797. Jonathan Trumbull, 1798-1809. John Treadwell,
1809—1811. Roger Griswold, 1811, 1812. John Cotton Smith, 1813—
1817.
Oliver Wolcott, 1317—1827.
Gideon Tomlinson, 1827—1831.
John S. Peters, 1831—1833. Henry \V. Edwards, 1833, 1834. Samuel
A. Foot, 1834—1836. Henry W. Edv/ards, 1836—1839. William W.
tonstall,
1742—1751.
Ellsworth,
1839—
Succession of Chief Justices.
Eliphalet Dyer, 1789—1793.
Andrew
Richard Law, 1785—1789.
Adams, 1793—1797. Jesse Root, 1798-1807. Stephen M. Mitchell,
1807—1814.
Tapping Reeve, 1814, 1815.
Stephen T. Hosmer, 1819—1833.
1319.
Thomas
S.
WilUams, 1835—
Connecticut
New
Haven,
is
divided into the eight following counties
New
The
and Tolland.
valleys.
Zephaniah Swift, 1815—
David Daggett, 1833—1835.
— Hartford,
London, Fairfield, Windham, Litchfield, Middlesex,
face of the state
In general
it is
so
greatly diversified
is
by
hills
exceeding undulating or uneven, as
sent an everchanging variety of objects.
the north, which terminate near
New
The ranges
Haven,
and
to pre-
of mountains from
are not remarkable for their
is finely watered by the noble river
name, by the Thames, Housa'.^nick, NaugaThe soil varies from a gravelly loam
tuck, and other smaller streams.
elevation in this state.
fi-om
which
on the
former
it
derives
hills, to a rich
is
Connecticut
its
and exceedingly
more particularly adapted
lands, in possession of an industrious
abundance,
all
The mineral
class of
the varieties of products
resources of the
state are
freemen, yield,
common
to a
celebrated.
These
in
The mineral waters
at
;
great
northern climate.
not yet fully developed
iron and copper ores of excellent qualities are found
marble and freestone.
The
fertile alluvial in the valleys.
to grazing, the latter to tillage.
;
but
also, lead, cobalt,
Siaffbrd
are the
most
Manufacturing establishments are scattered over the state.
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
on
its
numerous delightful streams
trade, and
fisheries,
;
and foreign commerce, the coasting
enjoy an enviable position on the waters of Long
Island Sound.
Blessed with a salubrious climate and
Connecticut probably enjoy as
of
Her
any part of the
human
her domain
not extensive, no Atlantic
is
family.
fertile
much
country, the
happiness as
population
is
state
always
is
full,
has sent so
children, or so large a share of intellectual wealth,
people
allotted
to
and although
many
to the
of her
western
country, as Connecticut.
If the
love
of liberty, literature
and the
arts,
moral worth has an asylum on earth, Connecticut
to
be found within her bosom.
Connecticut River.
feeling and
boast that
it is
of Queechy, just below the
mouth of Waterqueechy river the
White river falls, below Hanover,
and the Fifteen Mile Falls, in N. H.
and Vt.; the falls at Montague and
falls
;
head, north of latitude 45°, it falls
Long Island Sound, in latitude
41° 16'. The breadth of this river,
at its entrance into Vermont, is
about 150 feet, and in its course of
60 miles it increases to about 390
feet.
In Massachusetts and Connecticut, its breadth may be estimated from 450 to 1,050 feet. It is
navigable to Hartford, 45 miles, for
vessels of considerable burthen, and
to Middletown, 30 miles from the
sea, for vessels drawing 12 feet of
water. By means of canals and other improvements, it has been made
navigable for boats to Fifteen Mile
Falls, nearly 250 miles above Hartford.
The most considerable rapids
in this river, are Bellows' Falls, the
into
may
See Register.
This beautiful river, the Quonektacut of the Indians, and the pride
of the Yankees, has it sources in
New Hampshire and the mountainous tracts in Lower Canada. Its
name in the Indian language is said
to signify Long River, or, as some
render it, River of Pines.
Its
general course is north and south.
After foi-ming the boundary line
between New Hampshire and Vermont, it crosses the western part of
Massachusetts, passes the slate of
Connecticut, nearly in its centre
and, after a fall of 1,600 feet, from
its
of social
;
—
South Hadley, in Mass., and the
Enfield, in Ct., where it
The perpentide water.
dicular height of the falls which
falls
at
meets the
have been overcome by dams and
locks
between Springfield, in Mass.,
in N. H., a distance
and Hanover,
Bars of
is 240 feet.
sand and gravel extend across this
river in various places, over which
boats with difficulty pass in low
The most important tribuwater.
taries to the Connecticut, in New
of 130 miles,
Hampshire, are Upper and Lower
Amonoosuck, Israel's, John's, Mascomy, Sugar, and Ashuelot rivers:
in Vermont, Nulhegan,Passumpsic,
Wells, Wait's, Ompomponoosuck,
W^hite, Waterqueechy, Black, Williams, Sexton's, and West rivers
:
in
Massachusetts,
field,
Agawam,
V/estfield rivers
;
DeerChickopee, and
and the FarmingMiller's,
ton, in Connecticut.
The intervales are generally
spread upon one or both sides of the
river, nearly on a level with its
banks, and extending from half a
mile to five miles in breadth ; but
its borders are in some places high.
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
1-ocky
and
spring
it
In the
banks, antl,
through its winding course of" nearly
400 miles, forms and fertilizes a
In point
vast tract of rich meadow.
of length, utility, and beauty, this
river forms a distinguished feature
of New England.
Large quantities of shad are taken
in this river, but the salmon, which
lormerly were very plenty, have
entirely disappeared.
Connecticut
river passes through a basin or valley of about 12,000 square miles
it is decorated, on each side, with
towns and villages of superior
beauty, and presents to the eye a
wonderful variety of enchantingscenery.
Con-ivay, N. H.,
precipitous.
overflows
its
;
Connecticut
laalce,
The source of one of the principal branches of Connecticut river,
is situated in latitude 4.5° 2' ; and is
5 1-2 miles in length, and 2 1-2 in
width.
It is supplied by several
small streams, rising in the highlands north of the lake.
Contoocook River, W.
II.,
Carroll co., on Saco river, is 72
miles N. N. E. from Concord, 60
N. by W. from Dover,and 57 N. W.
from Portland, Me. Swift river, a
considerable and very rapid stream,
Pequawkett river, and a stream taking its rise in Walker's pond, the
two
last
affording mill
privileges,
discharge themselves into Saco river in this town.
Saco river here is
from 10 to 12 rods wide, and about
2 feet deep ; its current rapid and
broken by falls.
This river has
been known to rise 27 and even
.30 feet in the course of 24 hours.
The largest collections of v/ater in
Conway are a part of Walker's
pond, and Little Pequawkett pond,
which lie in the south part of the
town. There is a detached block
of granite on the southern side of
Pine hill, the largest perhaps in the
state.
spring near the centre of
the town,on the bank of Cold brook,
strongly impregnated with sulphur,
has been viLsited frequently by the
infirm, and in many instances found
A
There are also in this
town large quantities of magnesia
beneficial.
A stream of considerable length and fuller's earth. The intervale
and importance, waters most of the
along the river is from 50 to 220
towns in the W. part of the county
rods wide.
The plain, when propof Hillsborough.
It has its origin
produces large
erly
cultivated,
from several ponds in JafFrey and
crops of corn and rye.
Conway is
Rindge, and in its course north requite a resort for travellers from the
ceives numerous streams from Dubeast and south to the White Mounlin,
Peterborough, Sharon, Neltains.
From Conway village to
son, Stoddard, Vv'ashington, Antrim,
Crawford's house, at the Notch, is
Deering, and Hillsborough.
In 34 miles N. W. Daniel Foster, in
Hillsborough it takes a N. E. and
1765, obtained a grant of this towneasterly direction, and proceeds
ship, containing 21,040 acres, on
through Henniker to Hopkinton,
condition that each grantee should
where it receives Warner and Black- pay
a rent of one ear of Indian corn
water rivers.
From Hopkinton, annually for the space of ten years,
it pursues a
meandering course if demanded. Pop. IbSO, 1,601.
through Concord, and discharges
Con^tvay, Mass.
itself into the Merrimack between
Concord and Boscawen. Near the
Franklin co. This town is dividmouth of this river is Dustoti's ed from Shelburne, on the north,
Island, celebrated as the spot where by Deerfield river. It lies 100 miles
Mrs. Duston destroyed several In- W. by N. from Boston, and 7 S. W.
dians, in
from Greenfield.
Incorporated,
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
A
Population, 1837, 1,4-15.
1767.
tributary of Deerfield river passes
The manuits northern border.
factures of Conway consist of cotton
and woolen goods, leather, boots,
shoes, hats, chairs and cabinet
Total amount, year ending;
ware.
and Kilkenny; Pilot and Mill mountains in Stark
Cape Horn in Northumberland, and Pondicherry, S. W.
;
of JeiFerson, are all of considerable
magnitude, and partake of the grandeur of the While Hills. In the
neighborliood of high mountains are
April 1, 1837, $22,475. The value generally found the ioupces of our
of wool grown, the same j'car, was greater rivers.
Three of the prinEngland, the
^5,072, comprising 4,830 fleeces, cipal rivers of
weighing 14,490 pounds.
Connecticut, Androscoggin and Saco, take their rise in this county.
Cooper, Me.
There are numerous other streams
Washington co. Denny's river, which become tributary to these
emptying into Meddybemps lake, rivers, the principal of which are
and both discharging into the river the Mohawk, Amonoo-uck, Israel's
St. Croix at Baring, water the north and John's rivers.
The Margallapart of this town.
It lies 164 miles way, after receiving the waters of
E. N. E. from Augusta, and about Dead and Diamond rivers, unites
Popu- with the Androscoggin, near Um3fi miles N. from Machias.
lation, 1837, 571.
bagog lake. This lake lies principally in Maine.
Lake ConnectiCoos County, N. H.
cut is situated north of the 45th deCoos is the largest county in
gree of latitude, and is one of the
Hampshire, and within its limits sources of Connecticut river. The
are situated the contested Indian largest pond in this county lies N.
Stream territory and the greater of lake Connecticut, and is connectpart of the ungranted lands. Large ed with it by an outlet.
portions of this county are exceedThe first settlement in the coun-
New
New
was made at Lancaster in 1763.
The county was incorporated Dec.
settled.
This county extends from 24, 1803, and the name is of Indian
lat. 43^ 58' to the extreme north
origin, although the same name ocbeing 76 miles in curs in the New Testament. The
part of the state
length, and having a mean width population in 1820 was 5,549
and
The area of in 1830, 8,3&0. Coos contains 23
of about 20 miles.
ingly mountainous, cannot be cultivated, and will probably never be
ty
—
;
county is estimated to contain
1600 square miles, or, in round
this
towns, and five inhabitants to a
square mile. Lancaster, Shiretown.
numbers, 1,000,000 of acres. It is
Corin.ua, Me.
bounded N. by Lower Canada, E.
Situated 53 miles
Somerset co.
by Maine, S. by the county of
Sti-afFord, W. by Grafton county
N. E. from Au<rusta. and about 35
and the state of Vermont. Besides E. N. E. from Norridgewock. Inthe stupendous pile of the Vv'hite
Mountains, which distinguishes this
county, there arc several other
mountains of no inconsiderable
height.
Those in Shelburne, Jackson and Chatham, on the east side
of the White Mountains, are bold
and abrupt. The Peak and Bowback mountains in Stratford the
elevations in Dixville, Columbia
;
corporated, 1816. Population, 1837,
1,513.
In 1837, 8,864 bushels of
wheat were raised in this valuable
township.
Corintli,
Me.
This delightful
Penobscot co.
81 miles IS.
E.
township lies
from Augusta, and about 25 N. W.
It is watered by
from Bangor.
�\
NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
Kentluskeag stream, and produced,
1837, 9,017 bushels of wheat.
in
Population, same year, 1,232.
Corintli, Vt.
Two branches of
water this town. It is
20 miles S. E. from Montpelier, and
10 N. E. from Chelsea.
First setOrange
co.
way
of experiment, raised 7000
bushels of wheat.
Incoi-porated,
1793.
Population, 1837, 2,112.
Bounded S. by Skowhegan: 38 miles
N. from Augusta, and about 13 N.
E. from Norridgewock.
"Wait's river
tled, 1777.
Population, 1S30, 1,953.
pleasant, with a rough,
Corinth is
strong soil, and very healthy; it
has some water power and keeps
about 7,000 sheep.
Coriiisli,
York
CO.
Me.
Bounded N. by the Saeo
and Great Ossipee rivers. 83 miles
S. W. from Augusta, 32 W. by N.
from Portland, and 25 N. from Alfred.
Incorporated, 1794. Population, 1337, 1,130.
Cornish produces
§ood crops of wheat and some wool.
Coin wall, Vt.
Addison
This is a level townCO.
ship of excellent land, watered by
Otter creek and Lemonfair river, but
without any good mill sites.
Notwithstanding there is a very large
swamp in this town, the people are
healthy, and many live to a very
great age.
Veiy beautiful calcareous spar, in rhomboidal crystals, is
found here.
The population of
Cornwall, in 1830, was 1,264. The
number of sheep, in 1337, was about
16,000.
It lies 75 miles S. W. from
Montpelier, and bounded N. E. by
Middlebury. First settled, 1774.
Covnisli, W. H.,
Coi'n^vall, Ct.
Sullivan co., is 17 miles N.
from Charlcstown, 50 N. W. by W.
from Concord, and 12 N. W. from
Ne wpoj-t. Connecticut river waters
the west part of this town, and by
means of a bridge connects Cornish
This mountainous
township lies on the east side of
Housatonick river, 38 miles W.
from Hartford, 48 N. from New Haven, and 13 N. by W. from Litch-
with Windsor, Vt.
The
soil is
gen-
erally fertile.
The town is hilly,
with the exception of that part
which lies on the river. Blow-me-
down and Bryant's brooks are the
only streams of any magnitude
these aiford good mill privileges,
which
are improved for a woolen
factory, a large number of saw, and
other mills.
The agricultural products of this town are very considerable.
Cornish was granted June
21, 1763, to Rev. Samuel McClintock, of Greenland, and 09 others.
The town was
settled in 1765.
Population, 1330, 1,687.
much choice
land in Cornville.
in 1837,
First settled, 1740.
A
by
Popu-
1830, 1,714.
The scenery
about the south village is very beau" The cheerful appearance
tiful.
of the church and the little cluster
of white buildings surrounding it,
at the bottom of a deep valley, is
uncommonly pleasing. The mounlation,
and lofty hills which rise immediately on almost every side,
shutting out, in a sense, the most of
the world from this apparently retired spot, present a bold and most
striking feature in the landscape."
This village is the place where a
Foreign Mission School was estabtains
lished in 1318.
Comville, Me,
few of the inhabitants,
field.
"This school had
from the attempt to qualify
Obookiaa, a pious Owyheean youth,
and others, for missionaries to their
native lands, Obookiah was brought
to this country in 1308, and came to
New Haven. Vf bile here, Samuel
J. Mills, a student in Yale Colits rise
Somerset co. This town is well
watered by the Wessaransett river,
a branch of the Kennebec.
There
is
Litchfield co.
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
revolutionary
Population, 1330, 441.
commencement of the
pious persons, comlege, and other
instructed
miserating bis condition,
the Christian '-f'^-^o"-him in
war.
Coventry, Vt.
hopeluby
Ooookiah soon became
advocated a mispious, and strongly
Other nasion to his countrymen.
and
island were found
tives of his
for their
a school was established
In 1^20 the
benefit at Cornwall.
was
number of pupils in this school
19 were American In2y, of wbom
islands ot tne
dians, and 6 from the
This is a good townBaris watered by
Black rivers, two good
ton's and
north into
mill streams, running
Orleans co.
ship of land, and
Memphremagog
First
lake.
set-
Population, 18o0, /-.».
tled 1800.
lies in
The south part of the lake
and gives it some trade
Coventry,
Here are abou 2,o00
Obookiah sicKeiiod to Canada.
ocean.
Pacific
Coventrv lies 47 miles JN.
sh-eo
be
and died in Cornwall in 1S18. 1
Montpelier, and has Irason his by E. from
following is the inscription
burgh on the south.
grave
monument in the village
yard.
Coventry, K.
^,
a native of
.
.
a very large
of
rise to the l-or
country gave
which he
ei-n Missimi School, of
this
was
a
worthy member.
He was
designed
once an Idolater, and was
Priest but by the grace
for a Pa-an
and inGod, and bv the prayers
;
of
became
structions of pious friends,he
He was eminent tor
a Christian.
VV
zeal.
piety and missionary
I.
^
Henry Oooolao.t,
Owyhee. His arrival in
"In memory
hen
return to his naalmost prepared
the go?pel, bod
tive isle to preach
In his last
to himself.
him
Kent CO. This is
the nor h
township, extending to
and admirably
line of Connecticut,
and by
watered by numerous ponds
important branch ol
Vlat river, an
Coventry has long
the Pawtucket.
vafor the number and
been noted
manufactures, particuriety of its
1 he soil
wool.
larly of cotton and
well adapted to agriof the town is
pursuits it is well i.nprovcultural
:
of the proed and a large amount
&c., is annually
ducts of the dairy,
took
There are a number ot
and prayed :ov produced.
Coventry, all
sickness he wept
we nlpa.ant villages in
both
Owyhee, but was submissive,
Lf'which are ^flourishing
a heavenly
i hjs
died without fear, with
and ti-ade.
and glory manufacturing
for its pat..mile on his countenance
was distinguished
1818, aged town
revolutionaiy
in his soul, Feb. ITtb,
,io^-m during the
26."
Coventry was incorporacontest.
\.
It lies 10 miles fe.
Coventry, N. H.,
ted in 1742.
Providence, and 8 N.W.trom
N. N. fPom
Grafton co., is 70 miles
Population, iboO,
t. b. £.. East Greenwich.
from Concord, and 12
town is wa- 3,851.
from Haverhill. This
Oliverian broo^i
co"i'«-i^*i'y> ct.
tered bv branches of
Amonoosuck rivers. In
Wangombog, a
and Wild
Tolland CO. The
is Moosethe S. E. part of Coventry
and the Skungamug,
Owl-head moun- beautiful pond,
give
hillock mountain.
and Willimantic rivers,
W. part of this town Hop
power. In
tain lies in the
a good water
rough and Coventry
Coventry presents a
town are two
the south part of the
and the soil
to
m
W
m
mountainous aspect,
several parts
tivation.
is
not capable
ol
cul-
ed
This town was gran
Theopbi us Fi ch
Jan. 31, 1764, to
and others, and was settled
after the
manufacto-
cotfon and two woolen
and otncr imries a machine shop
operations by
portant mechanical
gut ot a
This town was the
water.
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
Mohegan Sachem, and was first setThe surface is un-
tled in 1700.
even, and the
Coventry
soil a
lies
gravelly loam.
18 ^niles E. from
Hartford, and bounded N. by
Tolland. Population,
1830,2,119. This
town is celebrated as the birth
place
of Capt.
Nathan Hale,
unteered his services
who
vol-
Washino-ton
to discover the position
of the
my on Long Island. He fell a eneto
mar-
tyr to American liberty.
Sent 22 '
^
1776, aged 22.
LoRKjvzo Dow, an itinerart
preacher, celebrated for his
eccentricity was born in Coventry,
October, 16, 1777. It is said
that durinthe 38 years of his ministry he
travel
1
duction of fruits and vegetableg
than for grain.
Some parts of the
town are very fertile, but considerable of the land is rough and
uneven.
Providence market
is
suppUed with
a considerable amount
of the products of the town.
The manufacture of cotton is very
extensively
of the
Pawtuxet and Powchasset are constant and abundant.
Cranston is a
very pleasant town, and its
proximity to Providence, (only
five miles
south west) gives it peculiar
privileges.
Population, 1830, 2,653.
pursued.
The water power
Cra-%vfoi-tl,
Washington
Me.
m this and foreign countries two 1828. This is a
good township of
hundred thousand miles. He died
at land, and was foi-merly
called AdGeorgetown, D. C, Feb. 2, 1834
ams. A large pond in
Crawford
and apart of another are the
Craftstowry, Vt.
sources ol a branch of East
Machias
Orleans co. Col. Ebenezer Crafts
river.
Population, 1837, 311. Lowas the father of this little
led
co.
Incorporated,
repub- cated about 30 miles N.
from Mahonored, in chias and 140 E.
N. E. from AuCraftsbury was gusta.
It lies 25 miles S
of the Canada line, 25
Crooked River, Me.,
miles N. from
Montpelier, and about 15 S. S
Rises in ponds in Oxford county:
from Irasburgh. Population,
1830^ passes through Harrison,
Otisfield
^^^^ *°^^" ^"^ ^"^ly watered and
Raymond, and joins the outlet
? Black
by ;„
river, Wild Branch, and
ol Long poad into
Sebago lake.
5 large natural ponds well stored
witn trout. The village in
Cross Island, Me.
the cen-
^^
^'^^'
1810, aged 70.
settled in 1789.
,o*
™"^h
W
tre
of the town is elevated,
coma delightful prospect.
manding
Craitljei-2-y
A
Islands.
Hancock co. These islands were
^tached to the town of
Moun^
large island, off
Machias bay,
attached to the town of Cutler.
Croydon,
Siillivan co.,
is
li,
44
M.,
m.iles
N. N.
W. from Concord, and 8 N. from
when thev were Newport. The N.
branch of Suincorporated. They lie a
few miles gar river waters this town.
On this
i^. by S,
from Mount Desert and
stream is a woolen
pesert unlil 1830,
embrace Great and
Little
ry
Cranber-
Sutton's and Baker's
islands.
islands afTord good harbors
and are well located for
the shore
tishery.
Population, 1837, 183.
These
Cranston, R,
Providence
town
is
co.
The
more favorable
I.
of thi'^
for the prosoil
factory and other
mills.
Croydon mountain is of considerable elevation, on which
are
two small ponds. The soil of Croydon is moist and rocky, and pioduces valuable ciops.
Croydon was
granted by charter to Samuel Chase,
and others. May 31, 1763. It
was
settled in 1766.
1,057.
Population, 1830.
*
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
Cumberland County, Me.
Portland, chief town. Bounded
N. by Oxford county, E. by Lincoln county, S. by the Atlantic
ocean, and W. by York county and
Area about 990
a part of Oxford.
Population, 1820,
square miles.
49,445; 1330,60,113; 1837,67,619.
This is an excellent county of land,
and under good cultivation. The
commerce and manufactures of
Portland and neighboring towns
Casco bay is
is very extensive.
within the county, and affords it
unrivalled privileges for navigation
and the fisheries. It is watered by
several large mill streams and the
Cumberland and Oxford canal to
Sebago lake, within the count\%
gives to its chief town considerable
inland trade.
In 1837 there were
37,803 bushels of wheat raised in
the county, and it contained 71,000
sheep.
;
Cuuiberlaiid, Me.
Cumberland co. Setoff from the
westerly part of North Yarmouth
in 1821.
Population, 1837, \,51o.
54 miles S. Vv\ from Augusta, and
10 N. from Portland.
Cumberland
is pleasantly situated on Casco bay,
and enjoys many navigable facili-
Westfield river. It is a mountainous township but excellent for grazing.
It produced, in 1837, 12,486
pounds of merino wool, the weight
of 4,162 fleeces, valued at $7,492.
The manufactures of Cummington
consist of cotton and woolen goods,
leather, palm-leaf hats, and scythe
snaiths.
Total value, in one year,
J^9S,000.
Iron ore and soapstone.
Lincoln co.
Situated on Saint
George's river, opposite to the town
of St. George
45 miles N. E. from
Augusta, and about 12 miles S. from
Warren. This place was settled by
emigrants from Ireland, as early as
;
1733.
Here was the celebrated
stone fort, erected by Maj. Burton.
Incorporated, 1789.
Population,
1837, 732.
Cutler, Me.
Washington
co.
Cumberland, R.
Providence
I.
The manufac-
co.
ture of cotton and boat building
i
-
extensively puisued in this town.
Pawtucket, Mill and Peter's rivers,
and Abbot's run, afford the town
a good hydraulic power.
There is
some good land in Cumberland,
producing a variety of articles for
Providence market from v/hich it
is distant 8 miles N.
Population,
1830, 3,675. See Smithfield.
;
Cummiugtan, Mass.
Hampshire
co. Located 110 miles
from Boston, and 20 \V. N. W.
from Northampton. Incorporated,
1779.
Population, 1837, 1,204. In
this town are cood mill seats oa
W.
10
S.
by
Little river, and is bounded "W, by
Machias bay.
Cutler has a good
harbor, and a population of 667
164 miles E. by N. from Augusta,
and 10 S. E. from Machias.
Dalton,
ties.
Bounded
the Atlantic Ocean, and about 20
miles S. W. from Yv'. Quoddy Head.
It contains Little Machias bay and
-X.
H.,
Coos CO., lies between Lancaster and Littleton, on Connecticut
river, and is 110 miles N. by Y/.
from Concord. The Great, or Fifteen Mile Falls, on Connecticut
river, commence in Dalton, and
rush tumultuously along its northwest boundary. The town is also
watered by John's river and several large brooks.
The western and
southern parts of this town are hilly.
Along the borders of John's river
the majestic white pine abounds.
The soil on the highlands is deep,
and well adapted to grazing is
generally good, and in some parts
easy of cultivation. Blake's pond,
the only one in town, lies at the S.
E. corner.
Moses Blake and Wal-
—
�NEW ENGLAND
were the first settlers of
Dalton, and, with their families, for
a long time the only inhabitants.
Dalton was incorporated Nov. 4,
17S1.
Population, 1S30, 532.
iJlake was a famous hunter, and
the moose which frequented the
GAZETTEER.
ter Bloss
pond called by his name often fell
by the accuracy of his shots. Blake
and Capt. Bucknam, (one of the
of Lancaster,) on a
hunting excursion, fiied at a mark,
settlers
first
on asmdlbet. Bucknam fired hist,
and cut, at the distance of twenty
rods, near the centie of a mark
not larger than a dollar.
Blake
then fired, and on going to the tree
on which the mark was made, no
trace of the ball could be discovered.
Bucknam exulted: "Cutout
your ball," said Blake, " and you'll
find mine o'top on't."
The operation being performed, the two balls
were found, the one safely lodged
upon the other,
IPaltoii,
boots and shoes.
Total amount in
one year, $47,813. In 1837, the
product of 4,2.38 sheep was 11,852
pounds of wool, valued at $5,725.
Me.
This river has its source in ponds
in Jefferson and Nobleborough
its
general course is southerly between
Newcastle, Edgecomb and Boothhay, on the west, and Bristol on the
east.
It is navigable for vessels of
any burthen 16 miles, to the bridge
;
crosses
it
between
New-
and Nobleborough. Large
quantities of lumber descend, and
many merchant ships arc built on
this broad and navigable arm of the
castle
sea.
Woi'ccster co. Dana lies 65 miles
from Boston, and 27 W. N. W.
from \Vorcester.
branch of Swift
river passes through the town.
Some leather is tanned in Dana;
and 70,000 palm-leaf hats were
A
made
in
1836',
Inccporated,
1837,
valued
1781.
$10,500.
Population,
at
6()0.
Danbiiry, W. H.,
Is in the S. part of
and
It is
Grafton county,
the form of a diamond.
IG miles S. by W. from Ply-
lies
in
mouth, and 30 N. W. from Concord.
This town is generally hilly, although thei-e are some intervales.
In the N. E. part is a large hill.
eastern section is watered by
Smith's river.
The first settlement was made in Nov. 1771, and
incoiporated June 18, 1795.
Population, 1830, 786.
The
DaiilJiiry, Ct.
consist of woolen cloth, iron castings,
paper, ($37,500,) leather,
I5am«i.-lscotta Hiver,
Mass.
W.
Mass.
Berkshire co. Dalton lies 120
miles W. from Boston, and 13 N.
by E. from Lenox. Incorporated,
17S4.
Population, 1837, 830.
It
is watered by the E. branch of Housatonick liver.
Its manufactures
which
IDaiia,
One
of the shire towns of Fair-
county.
Danbury, the Pahqvioque of the Indians, was first
settled in 1684.
The soil of the
town is good, and agreeably diverfield
sified by hills and valleys.
The
borough or village is vei-y pleasantly situated in a valley, and is me-
moi-able for its sacrifices in the
revolutionary war.
It was nearly
destroyed by the British, with a
large amount of continental stores,
April, 1777.
It lies 22 miles N.
from Norwalk, 86 S. S. W. from
Litchfield, and 55 S. W. by W.
from Hartford.
Robert Sandemaat, the founder of a religious sect,died at Danbury in 1771, aged 53. See Bethel, Ct.
Daiiby, Vt.
Rutland co. Situated near the
head waters of Otter creek, 17 miles
S. from Rutland, and QS S. S. W.
Fii-st
from Montpelier.
settled,
Population, 1830, 1,362.—
176S.
The surface of the town is rough
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
and mountainous, but productive
of
extraordinary feed
Some
of
the
country are
in
best
cattle.
for
dairies
Danby.
in
the
of butter and cheese, of supeare annually sent to
There are some curious
market.
caverns in this town, one of great
rior quality,
—
depth.
This flourishing town
N. W. from Salem, to
which it was attached until 1757,
and called " Salem Village." It is
very pleasant, and has some mill and
The manunavigable privileges.
Essex
CO.
miles
factures, for the year
ending April
amounted to $354,300.
articles manufactured were
1837,
The
Chief town of Caledonia county.
Danville village is very pleasantly
situated near the centre of the town,
and is suirounded by a beautiful
farming country first settled, 1784.
Charles Hacket brought the first
woman into town, in 1785. PopuIt lies 28 miles
lation, 1830, 2,631.
N. E. from Montpelier. Here is a
and Jo's pond,
medicinal spi-ing
covering 1,000 acres, lies mostly
Several tributaries of
in the town.
the Passumpsic give the town a good
This is a place of
water power.
considerable manufactures and domestic trade.
:
Daiivers, Mass.
1,
Pop-
Danville, Vt.
Large quan-
tities
lies 2
cord, and 10 S. W. of Exeter.
ulation, 1830, 528.
boots and shoes ($435,1)00,) leather,
($264,400,) nails, bricks, pottery
ware, glue, lasts, morocco, chocolate, shoe pegs, shoe and soap boxes,
soap and candles. Population, 1830,
4,228 ; 1837, 4,804.
Danville, Me.
;
Darien, Ct.
Until 1820, Darien
Fairfield co.
was a parish in the tOAvn of Stam-
The soil is excellent, and well
adapted to tillage and grazing. It
lies 5 miles W. from Norwalk, and
42 S. W. from New Haven. Population, 1830, 1,201.
ford.
Cumberland co. This town, forDuring divine service, on Sunmerly called Pejepsco, was set off
from the westerly part of North day, 22d of July, 1781, a party of
Population, British troops surrounded the meetYarmouth, in 1802.
ing house at this place, and made
the whole congregation prisoners.
Farming is the principal The males were tied, two and two,
land.
they and the Rev. Moses Mather, D. D.,
business of the inhabitants
raised, in 1837, 1,218 bushels of a man distinguished for his learning
and piety, placed at their head.
wheat.
They were marched to the shore,
Danville, ]V. H.
taken to Long Island, and afterBockingham CO. It was incorpo- wards to New York, where they
rated February 22, 1760 ; formerly suffered a cruel imprisonment.
a part of Kingston, and until re- Some of them never returned.
cently known by the name of
Dartnioutli, Mass.
Hawice. The soil is uneven, but in
The Aponiganset of
Bristol CO.
some parts good. Acchusnut river
sea-port on Buzpasses over the north west corner. the Indians.
Long pond lies in the east part, and zard's bay, on the W. side of AcThe cushnet river, 56 miles S. from BosCub pond on the west side.
ton, and 3 W. from New Bedford.
first settlements were made by JonPopulation,
athan Sanborn, Jacob Hook, and Incorporated, 1664.
There are 5 vessels
others, between 1735 and 1739. 1837, 3.958.
Danville lies 33 miles S. E. of Con- belonging to this place engaged in
It lies 32 miles S. W.
1837, 1,282.
from Augusta, and 29 N. from Port-
;
—
A
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
the whaling business, and a number ia coasting;, and other fisheries.
The pioduct of the whale, cod and
mackerel fisheries the year ending April 1, 1837, amounted to
^93,103. The value of wool grown
was $2,110.
The value of salt
manufactured, of vessels built, of
leather tanned, and of boots and
shoes made, was $27,910.
Population,
river, in
Maine,
Hancock
is
an im-
;
Dead
river, in
New
co.
Incorporated, 1837.
bounded on the W. by Ellsworth. Union river passes through
In 1837 it had
its N. W. corner.
a population of 427, and produced
It
is
1,550 bushels of wheat.
Dedliam, Mass.
portant tributary to the Kennebec.
It rises on the border of Lower
Canada, in the county of Franklin.
It passes in a S. E. direction 40 or
50 miles ; then N. about 10 it then
changes to the E., and after passing
about 15 miles it falls into the Kennebec, about 20 miles below Moose
Head lake. The lands on Dead
river and its numerous tributaries
are very fertile and heavily wooded.
Dead Stream, in Maine, is a considerable tributary to the Penobscot, from the west.
It empties at
Orono, opposite to the Indian village.
rises in the
15 miles
Dedliam, Me.
Dead Rivers.
Dead
1837, 799.
N. from Augusta.
Hampshire,
N. W. corner
of the
Coos county, and after receiving several tributaries it falls
into the Margallaway.
state, in
Deanfield, Me.
at the
N. W. corner
Hancock county, between Passadumkeag river and Olammon
stream.
See Barnard, Me,
Located
of
Dearborn, Me.
Norfolk CO. County town. This
town is on Charles river, with a good
water power. It is 10 miles S. W.
from Boston, 35 E. from Worcester,
35 N. W. from Plymouth, 26 N. by
W. from Taunton, and 30 N. E.
from Providence. It has a beautiful court house of hewn granite.
railIts Indian name was Tiot.
road from the centre of the town
meets the Boston and Providence
rail-road, about two miles at the
eastward.
The manufactures of
Dedham the year ending April 1,
1837, amounted to $510,755. They
consisted of cotton and woolen goods,
leather, boots, shoes, paper, mar-
A
bled paper, iron castings, chairs,
cabinet wares, straw bonnets, palmleaf hats, and silk goods.
The value of silk goods manufactured was
$10,000. Dedham village is very
pleasant, and possesses every inducement to render it a desirable
residence for the mechanic or man
of leisure. Population, 1837, 3,532.
Deerfield,
]V.
H.,
Rockingham
co., is 18 miles E.
E. from Concord, and 30 W. by
N. from Portsmouth. This town
has a number of very pleasant ponds
which afford fish of various kinds.
Moulton's pond is situated at the
W. part of the town. This pond,
although small, is noted on account
S.
Kennebec co. The soil of this
town is excellent, particularly
around Great pond, which covers
a large portion of the surface, and
has a number of islands of great
beauty. This pond is connected
with other large sheets of water
in Belgrade, Mount Vernon, and
Rome, which render this part of
the county highly picturesque.
Dearborn was incorporated in 1812.
of its having no visible inlet, and
therefore is supposed to be supplied
by a subterraneous passage, as the
water is always of nearly an equal
depth. The outlets of the pond run
�WEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
This pond
remarkable on account of
having been often sounded witliIn
opposite directions.
is
also
A
out discovering any bottom.
branch of Lamprey river passes S.
and S. E. through Deertield. The
surface of this town is uneven, the
and fertile, although
soil durable
hard
to cultivate.
The Tuckawaj^,
and a place of considerable commerce.
The manufactures of this
place, for one year, amounted to
$147,190. They consisted of leather, boots, shoes, cutlery, ($100,000)
chairs, cabinet w' are, palm-leaf hats,
lead pipe, hair cloth and beds, wagons and carriages, pocket books,
wallets, and corn-broorns. The value of wool grown, the same year,
between Deertield and NottingFrom the
ham, the Saddleback,between Deer- (1836) was $2,708.
tield
and Northwood, and Fort mountains in this vicinity, delightmountain on the
V/., are the prin-
In the W. part
of this town, on the southerly side
of a ridge of rocks which extend
3-4 of a mile, is a natural formation
in the rock, for sixty years designated as the " Indian Camp." Its
sides are irregular, and the top is
covered by a canopy of granite
projecting about 14 feet, affording
a shelter from the sun and rain.
cipal elevations.
On
the E. side of this camp is a
natural tlight of steps, or stones
resembling steps, by w'hich persons may easily ascend to the top
of the rock.
Deerfield was once
a place of favorite resort for deer,
great numbers of which were taken.
While the petition for the
town was pending, a Mr. Batchelder killed a deer, and presenting it
to Gov. Wentworth, obtained the
act under the name of Deer-field.
The town was
and
Robertson, Benjamin Batchelder and others. During the Indian wars the inhabitants
lived in garrisons, but no serious
mischiefs were experienced.
Population, 1830, 2,086.
settled in 1756
1758, by John
Deei'iield, Mass.
Franklin co. At the junction of
Connecticut and Deerfield rivers,
on the west side of the former, and
on both sides of the latter.
The
Pocumfuck
of the Indians.
It is
95 miles W. by N. from Boston, 4
S. from Greenfield, and 17 N. from
Northampton.
First settled, 166S.
Incorporated, 1G82.
Population, in
1837, 1,952.
very pleasant town,
A
10*
ful
views are obtained.
Deerfield
Mountain is 700 feet above the
plain. Sugar Loaf Mountain rears
conical peak of red sandstone 500
above the river, and overlooks
the ground of many sanguinary
battles between the whites and InThis is a place of great indians.
While the traveller lingers
terest.
here, enjoying the beautiful scenery, and hospitality of the people of
tills quiet town, he cannot fail of
contrasting the present scenes with
those of former j'cars ; particularly
its
feet
Bloody Brook, xn 1675,
of 90 young men
from, the county of Essex were slain
by ruthless savages. A monument,
commemorating this event, was
with \h^{
when
a
Vit
company
erected in 1S38.
Deerfield River.
This beautiful and important Indian stream joins the Connecticut between Greenfield and Deertield.
It rises in the liigh grounds
of Windham county, near Stratton, Dover and Somerset, Vermont; and proceeding in a S. E.
course, it passes through Monroe,
Florida, Rowe, Charlemont, Hawley, Buckland, Shelburne and Conway. The most important tributaries to this stream are Cold river;
a river from Heath and Coleraine
one from Leyden, via Greenfield,
and a river from Conway. Its whole
length is about 50 miles. In some
places Deerfield river is rapid, and
Its pasits banks very precipitous.
sage through the mountains is verv
curious and romantic.
;
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
Deering,
K". 11.^
23 miles S. "W.
Hillsborough
from Concord, and 22 N. W. from
It is diversified with
Amherst.
hills and valleys ; is well watered,
and its soil is favorable to the several purposes of agriculture. There
are tliree ponds, Dudley, Pecker'?,
and Fulton's. The two former are
sources of the N. branch of Piscatco.,
aquog" river.
There are some man-
ufactures in this town, and bricks
are mads in a considerable quantiDeering was incorporated Jan.
ty.
The name was given by
17, 1774.
several beautiful ponds.
The principal business of the inhabitants is
agricultural, for which they have
a fertile soil,
and which produced,
wheat.
in 1S37, 2,560 bushels of
Deiaiiis,
Mass.
Barnstable co. This town crosses
the cape, and was token from Yai"Population, 1837,
mouth in 1793.
It hes 8 miles E. by N.
2,750.
from Barnstable, and 7 W. from
Harwich. The first salt produced
by solar evaporation in this country
was made in this town, by John
Sears and others, in 1776.
About
whose maiden name was 7,000 tons of shipping belong to this
Dering. The first permanent set- town, principally engaged in fishtlement was made in 1765, byAIex- ing and coasting, and all manned by
Bass river,
ander Robinson. Population, 1S30, natives of the town.
Gov. John Wentwortb, in honor of
his wife,
1,227.
from a pond, affords a small
water power. 150 ship-masters belong to this town, sailing from various ports in the Union, The products of the cod and mackerel tishing, in one year, amounted to $50,899.
The manufacture of common salt, Epsom salts, vessels, and
lampblack, amounted to ,4p25,975.
ri.--ing
Beer
Hancock
co.
Isle,
Me.
This town
is
con-
stituted of three principal Islands
Deer Island, Little Deer Island,
and the Isle of Haut, They com-
prise about 17,000 acres, and v/ere
inhabited before the revolutionaiy
war. Incorporated, 1789.
Population, 1S37, 2,473.
The principal
island lies about 2 miles S. W. from
Sedgewick harbor, and 95 miles E.
by S. from Augusta. These islands
have good harbors, and are well located for the shore fishery.
Although they are situated near the
sea they produce good crops and
Deiiaiysvillc,
Washington co.
This town is
bounded on the S. by Cobscook
bay, and watered by a river of the
same name.
It lies 172 miles E.
N. E. from Augusta, and 22 N. E.
from Machias.
wheat.
Islaiatis,
W. H.
In Connecticut river, between
and Barnet, Vt., are five
in number,
The largest contains
38 acres.
Lyman
DesiaiarSi, Ble.
Oxford CO.
Incorporated, 1S07.
Population, 1837, 1,0»2.
It lies S5
miles S. W. by W. from Augusta,
about 28 S. W. from Paris, and 47
N. W. from Portland. Denmark is
finely
Population, 1837,
Dei-lby,
Beer
watered by Saco river and
Me.
Orleans co.
Vt.
First settled, 1795.
bounded on the N. by Lower
Canada, and on the W. by Memphremagog lake. Clyde liver, the
It is
Salem pond, affords it a
This town is
good water power.
very pleasant, level and fertile ;
the
it
has some manufactures
farmers are industrious and rear a
outlet of
;
—
number of sheep. Derby is
50 miles N. N. E. from Monfpelier, and 15 N. N.E. from Irasburgh.
Population, 1830, 1,469.
large
�NEW ENGLAND
Derby,
New Haven
Ct.
township, taken from Londonderry
The
co.
Indian
name
It
of this town was Paugasset.
was purchased of the Indians,
and incorporated in 1675. The suris uneven, with
some fertile meadow on the banks of
the rivers. Derby is watered by the
Housatonick and Naugatuck rivers.
Derby Landing, Smithville and
Humphreysville, are the principal
face of the t-own
places of business.
The Landing is on the east side
of the Housatonick, just below the
junction of that river with the
Naugatuck, and is 8 miles N. W.
from
Haven, and 14 from the
mouth of the river at Stratford, on
Long Island Sound. Vessels of 10
feet draught of water can pass to
New
the Landing, fi-om which wood and
other commodities are transported
by water.
Smithville is located in view of
the Landing, and commands a beautiful prospect.
It has extensive
manufactures of copper, in sheets
and wire, augurs, carriage springs
and-'asletrees, nails and tacks, flannels, satinets, and other operations
by the waters of the Naugatuck,
passing through a canal of about
a mile in length. This village was
commenced
in
1S34, and
is
very
flourishing.
Hiwiphreysville is located in a
valley, on the Naugatuck
river, about 4 miles from the Landsmall
GAZETTEER.
The principal manufaclinen thread and cloth,
palm-leaf hats and shoes.
The
village is very handsome, and a
great thoroughfare for travellers.
The soil is very productive, and the
inhabitants are remarkable for their
industry, general wealth and longevity.
Derry lies 18 miles W.
in 1828.
tures are
S. W. from Exeter, and 25 S. E.
from Concord.
Population, 1830,
2,176.
Dexter, Me.
Penobscot
first
co.
settled in 1801.
This town was
Incorporated,
67 miles N. E. from
Augusta, and 35 N. W. from Ban1815.
It lies
Population, 1S37, 1,401. Dexa valuable township of land.
The farmers reap a rich reward for
their labors. In 1837, 7000 bushels
of wheat was raised.
In this town
is a pond covering 500 acres,
at
the outlet of which are mills and a
beautiful village.
gor.
ter
is
Diamond River,
N. H.
Diamond river has its
source in Diamond pond,
artstown.
From thence
principal
in
Stew-
passes
through Dixville, and after receiving several tributaries, falls into the
Dead river near its junction with
the Margallaway.
it
Digliton, Mass.
A
Bristol CO.
port of entry, on
The Humphreysville Manuthe west side of Taunton river, oppofacturing Company was incorporated in 1810.
The building is 4 sto- site to Berkley. Population, 1837,
In this 1,453. 40 miles S. from Boston, 8
ries high and 100 feet long.
S. from Taunton, and 20 N. W. by
village and around it is some of the
W. from
Bedford, There are
most beautiful and romantic scenein this place three cotton factories,
ry in
England. This village
a woolen mill, a furnace, and other
derived its name from the Hon.
David Humphreys, a native of iron works. Tonnage of the dis"
Derby, a poet, an aid to Washing- trict, 9,032 tons. The noted Dighton Rock," so called, on which are
ton, and a minister to Spain.
He
inscriptions difficult to decypher,
died at New Haven, February 21,
in fact lies on the Berkley side of
1818, aged 66.
the river.
The value of cotton and
Derry, X. H.
woolen goods, boots and shoes,
Rockingham co.
fine grazing pig iron and wooden ware manu-
ing.
New
New
A
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
factured, and vessels huilt in Dighton, in one year, was $30,000.
Dixneia, Me.
Oxibrd CO. This is a good farming
town on the north bank of ths Androscoggin river, 42 miles N. W.
by W. from Augusta, and 25 N. by
Incorporated, 1S03.
E. from Paris.
Population, 1837, 1,148.
In 1837,
5,522 bushels of wheat was raised
in Dixfield.
Dixmout, Me.
This town derived its nam.e from Dr. Elijah Dix,
late of Boston, one of the original
propi-ietors, and from a hill or mountain in the town, beautifully wooded to its summit. It is on the height
of land between the Kennebec and
Penobscot.
The surface of the
town is undulating the soil excellent and of easy cultivation.
It annually produces large quantities of
hay, some corn, rye and wool.
In'l837, a bounty "of $649 40 was
obtained for raising 932 1-2 bushels
of wheat.
There is a pond in the
town and some mill privileges.
Dixmont lies 44 miles N. E. from
Augusta, and 24 S. W. from Ban-
Penobscot
co.
;
gor.
Incorporated,
1807.
Popu-
lation, 1830, 1,323.
Dixville, N. H.,
was granted in 1805,
Col.
Timothy Dix,
jr., of Boscawen.
comprises
It
31,023 acres of uneven land. Numerous streams meander through
this town
from the surrounding
Coos
to
the
CO.,
late
heights.
Dixville lies about 40
miles N. N. E. from Lancaster.
[n 1810 it had a population of 12
and in 1830, of only 2.
;
Dorcliester, N.
Grafton
highlands
co.,
is
II.,
situated on the
between Connecticut
and Merrimack rivers, 12 miles
from the former, and 8 from the
latter.
It is 23 miles S. by E.
from Haverhill, 50 N. W. from
Concord, and 90 N. \V. by W. from
Portsmouth. The piincipal streams
are the S. branch of Baker's river,
a branch of Mascomy, and Rocky
branch. There are two considerable ponds, both in the W. part of
The soil in some parts
the town.
vei-y fertile ; paiticularly the intervales on the branch of Baker's
river.
The highlands are very uneven, and the greater part rocky.
First settled about the year 1772.
Population, 1830, 702.
is
Dorcliester, Mass.
Norfolk CO.
This ancient and
respectable town lies on Dorchester bay, in Boston harbor, 5 miles S.
from Boston, and 7 N. E. from Dedham. Population, 1837, 4,564. It
was first settled by a party of Puritans from England. These pilgrims
landed from the ship Mary and
John, at Nantasket, on the 11th of
June, 1630, and on the 17th day of
that month they located themselves
at the Indian Mattapan, and called
it Dorchester, in honor of their pious and learned friend, the Rev.
John White, of Dorchester, 120
The town
miles W. from London.
was incorporated on the 7th of
September following, and included
most of the territory of the towns
of Milton, Canton, Stoughton, Sharon, and that part of Boston on which
stand " Dorchester Heights," memorable for their sudden conversion
into a fortress, for the protection of
Boston harbor, by order of Washington, on the night of March 4,
These lands were obtained
1776.
fjom the Indians by purchase, not
by combat. The present limits of
the town are about 6 by 3 1-2
Dorchester furnished piomiles.
neers for the settlement of many
party from
parts of ihe country.
this town crossed the trackless wilderness in 14 days, and settled Hartford, on Connecticut river, in 1635.
In 1695, another party emigrated
from this place, and settled Dorchester, in South Carolina, and af-
A
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
terwards Medway, in Georgia. The
but vesoil of Dorchester is rocky,
of
ry fertile and under a high state
It is exceedingly procultivation.
ductive, particularly of vegetables,
Its surface is
and flowers.
greatly variegated, presenting a
continual succession of picturesque
and delightful views of the coun-
fruits
try, city, and sea. Its hill-tops and
valleys"^are decked with farm houses and tasteful villas, and no where
can be found the union of town and
country enjoyments more complete.
beautiful Neponset washes the
whole of the southern border of
The
the town, and besides its navigable
privileges, affords it a large and val-
uable water power.
The
first
wa-
ter mill in America was erected in
this town, in 1633 ; and here, about
the same time, the cod fishery, the
New England, was first
commenced. There are now 4 vessels employed in the whale, and 16
boast of
Toin the cod and other fisheries.
Capital
tal tonnage, 2,210 tons.
Product, in
invested,^ $190,000.
The manuone year, $138,349.
factures of Dorchester consist of
cotton goods, boots, shoes, hats, paper, cabinet w^are, block tin, tin
ware, leather, wearing apparel,
soap, candles, chocolate, and playing cards ; the aggregate amount of
which, in one year, was $457,400.
The first settlers of Dorchester
''Here
lies
Suffolk
A
our Captain and Major of
was
witlial,
Godly Magistrate was he and Major General,
troops of horse with him here
came, such worth his love did crave,
Ten companies of foot also, mourning
Two
to his grave.
that read be sure to
faith as he has done 5
marched
Let
keep the
all
With Christ he lives now crowned,
name was Humphrey Atherton."
his
the grave of three brothers, by
the name of Clarke.
"Here lies three Clarks, their accounts
are even.
Entered on earth, carried up to heav-
On
en."
Johnson, in his " Wonder Working Providence," thus speaks of
Dorchester in 1654.
" The forme of this Towne is almost like a Serpent turning her
head to the Northward ; over
against Tompson's Island, and the
c'astle,
her body and wings being
chiefly built on, are filled somewhat thick of Houses, onely that
one of her Wings is clift, herTayle
being of such large extent that
Shee can hardly draw it after her.
Her houses for dwelling are about
one hundred and forty Orchards
and Gardens, full of Fruit-trees,
plenty of Corne Land, although
much of it hath been long in tillage,
yet hath it ordinarily good crops ;
came a regularly organized church, the number of trees are near upon
They 1500. Cowes and other Cattell of
with its pastor and officers.
Thus hath
soon erected a house of public wor- that kinde about 450.
ship but it is a singular fact that the Lord been pleased to increase
" none can tell the precise spot his poore dispersed people, whose
where the first meeting-house was number in this Flock are n.ear about
Their first Pastor called to
located, nor does a single stone re- 150.
main to designate the site of the feede them was the Reverend and
There godly Mr. Maveruck."
original burying ground."
Among the first settlers of Dorare, however, some mementos of
The earliest date in chester was George Minot, a rulolden times.
the present ancient cemetery that ing elder of the church for thirty
can be distinctly traced,is 1644. We years. He erected a dwelling-house
copy the following from among ma- in that part of Dorchester where
ny singular effusions, found on the the pleasant village of Neponset
grave-stones in that cemetery, in now stands. That house is now
standing, and is doubtless one of
commemoration of the dead.
;
;
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
the oldest houses in the country.
It is in good repair, and has ever
remained in possession of Mr. P^Iinot's lineal descendants.
Mr. Minot died December 24, 1671, aged
This house is more celebrated
78.
for the female heroism displayed
within its walls, than for its anti-
A
quity.
pai'ty of Narraganset Indians, hunting on the borders of Neponset river, stopped at elder Minot's house and demanded food and
drink.
On being refused they
threatened vengeance, and the sachem, or chief of the party, left an
Indian in ambush to watch an op-
portunity to effect
in the absence of
except a young
it.
all
Soon
the
woman
after,
family,
and two
small children, the Indian attacked
the house and fired at the young-
woman, but missed
his
mark.
The
placed the children under two
brass kettles and bade them be siShe then loaded Mr. Minot's
lent.
gun and shot the Indian in the
shoulder.
He again attacked the
house, and in attempting to enter
the window, the girl threw a shovel
full of live coals into his face and
lodged them in liis blanket. On
The next day
this the Indian fled.
he was found dead in the woods.
The Indian's name was Chickataubut, but not the Narraganset sachem of that name. The government of Massachusetts bay presented this brave young woman with a
silver wristband, on which her name
was engraved, with this motto,
«< She slew the JVarrhaganset hungirl
terr
There
is
a
cavern in the south part
town of some note.
It is
entered by an aperture nearly 10
feet square, " which opens into a
spacious room nine rods in length
and four wide. At the further end
of this apartment are two openings
which are about 30 feet apart. The
of the
one on the right is three feet from
the floor, and is about 20 inches by
six feet in length.
It leads to an
apartment 20 feet long, 12 wide and
From
12 high.
this
room there
is
an opening sufhcient to admit a man
to pass through sideways about 20
feet, when it opens into a large hall
80 feet long and 30 wide. The
other aperture from the first room
is about as large as a common door,
and leads to an apartment 12 feet
square, out of which is a passage to
another considerable room, in which
is a spring of water.
This cavern
is said to have been explored 40 or
50 rods without arriving at the end."
Dorset lies 26 miles N. from Bennington and 91 S. S. W. from Montpelier.
Population, 1830, 1,507.
Douglas, Mass.
Worcester co.
This town lies
47 miles W. S. W. from Boston, 17
S. E. from Worcester, and 21 N.
W. from Providence. Population,
Here is good mead1830, 1,742.
ow land, iron ore, and valuable
water privileges on Mumford river.
In this town was manufactured, in
1836, $55,000 value of cotton goods;
leather,
boots and shoes, $5,250
$1,500 and $116,400 of axes and
;
;
hatchets besides large quantities
of hatchet handles and shoe lasts.
Incorporated, 1731.
;
Dorset, Vt.
Bennington
co.
This town was
1768, and organized
Paulet and
the following year.
Battenkill rivers rise in this town,
and, with the waters of Otter creek,
which pass the northern part, afford
some mill privileges,which are used
for manufacturing purposes. There
are two mountains partly in this
town, the Dorset and Equinox.
Dover, Me.
first settled in
Bounded N. by
Piscataquis co.
Piscataquis river, S. by Garland,
W. by Sangerville and E. by Atkinson. It lies 77 miles N. by E. from
Augusta, and about 35 miles N. W.
from Bangor. Incorporated, 1822.
Dover is
Population, 1837, 1,042.
the shire town of this new county.
�NEW ENGLAND
and remarkable for its beauty. It
produced, in 1837, 10,290 bushels
of wheat.
Dover, N. H.
This is one of the roost interesting and important towns in New
Hampshire. It is one of the county
towns of Strafford county, and lies
40 miles E. from Concord, 12 N.
W. by N. from Portsmouth, and 45
Population,
S. W. from Portland.
1830, 5,549. The principal streams
of Dover, are the Cocheco, and
Bellamy Bank, or Back
river.
They
a S. E. course through the
town, and unite with other waters
to form the Piscataqua.
Cocheco, or Quochecho river,
has its rise from several small
take
streams in
New
Durham, which
unite in Farmington, whence the
river meanders through Rochester,
there receiving the Isinglass, a tributary, and thence passes through
Dover into the Newichwannock,nr
Salmon Fall river, the principal
bianch of the Piscataqua.
The
Cocheco is a beautiful river, and
very important to the inhabitants of
Rochester and Dover. Passing over
town in any direction, the traveller finds no rugged mountains, nor
extensive bariyin plains, but occasionally ascends gentle swells of
land, fro.m the height of which the
eye meets some delightful object;
this
a w'inding stream, a well cultivated
farm, or a distant village.
In the
S. part of the town is a neck of
land about 2 miles long and half a
mile broad, having Piscataqua on
one side, and Back river on the
other.
From the road on either
hand, the land gradually descends
to the rivei's.
It commands a very
delightful, variegated, and extensive prospect of bays, adjacent
shores, and distant mountains.
On
this neck the first settlement of
the town was made, in 1623, by a
company in England, whose dt-ign
it was to plant a colony, and estab-
GAZETTEER.
a fishery around the Piscatafor which purpose they sent
over, with several others, Edward
and William Hilton, fishmongers,
of London. These men commenced
their operations on the Neck at a
place by the Indians called Winilish
qua
;
chaJianat ,whichthey caWed jYortham, and afteiwards Dover,
For
several years, this spot embraced
the principal part of the population
of the town
here was erected the
first meeting-house, afterwards surrounded with an entrenchn^ent, and
;
remains of which are
here the people assembled to worship, and to transact
their public business.
In process
of time, the business and population of the town began to centre
around Cocheco falls, about 4 miles
N. V/. from the neck. These fit! Is
are in the river whose name they
bear, and give to the water that passes over them a sudden descent of
32 1-2 feet.
Situate at the head of
navigation, about 12 miles from the
ocean, having a fertile country on
the north, west, and south, they are
considered among the most valuable in New England.
Around
flankarts, the
still
visible
these
falls
;
the beautiful village of
Dover is situated, containing many
handsome buildings.
The Dover "Cotton Factory Companj," at Cocheco falls,- was incorporated in 1820.
They have one
brick mill of 420 feet by 45, 7 stories
high, and two otlier mills of the
same material, 154 by 43 feet, one
5 and the other 6 stoiies high.
These mills contain 25,040 spindles
and 768 looms, and manufacture annually 5,000,000 yards of cotton
cloth
the principal part of which
is bleached, and printed into calico
by the company.
This company
employ a capital of more than a
million of dollars, and about 1,000
persons.
There are other manufacturing establishments at Dover,
but this i? the principal.
society of Friends was estab;
A
�NEW ENGLAND
lished here at an earlj^ period, and
formerly comprised about one third
of the population.
congregational church was organized in 1638.
Mr. Leverich,
a worthy puritan, was their first
minister, and probably the first ordained minister that preached the
gospel in
Hampshire.
Mr.
Leverich soon removed, and until
the settlement of the pious Daniel
Maud, in 1642, the church was
much oppressed by the bad character of their ministers.
A
A
New
The Rev. Jeremy Belkt*^ap,
I).
D. the celebrated historian of
GAZETTEER.
23 persons svere killed, and
prisoners.
The Indians
were soon overtaken and nearly the
whole party destroyed.
affair,
made
29
Dover, Vt.
Windham
co.
This town was a
part of Wardsborough, until 1810.
It lies 12 miles N. Vv. from Brattle-
borough, 17 N. E. from Bennington, and 120 S. by W. from Moutpelier.
The land in Dover is high
and uneven
more fit for pasturage than tillage.
It is the source
of several branches of VVest, and a
branch of Deerfield river.
Serpentine and chlorite slate are found
;
iMew Hampshire, was ordained in
this town in 1767.
He removed to here.
Boston, and was settled there April
He died in Boston, June
4, 1787.
20, 1798, aged 54.
This town in its early years was
greatly frequented by the Indians
and experienced many sufferings
in their repeated attacks upon the
inhabitants.
In 1675, Maj. Waldron by a stratagem secured about
200 Indians
at
Dover,
who had
at
times exhibited signs of hostility.
Seven or eight of them, who had
been guilty of some atrocities, were
immediately hanged, and the rest
sold into slavery.
The Indians
abroad rega-ded this act of Waldron
—
Population, 1830, 831.
Bover, Mass.
Norfolk CO.
Dover lies 5 miles
from Dedham, and 14 S. S. W.
from Boston.
It was taken from
Dedham in 1784. This town is
bounded northeily by Charles river,
and in it are manufactures of nails,
iron hoops and rods, ploughs, brushes, boots and shoes.
Total amount
of manufactures in 1836, $99,658,
Vy\
The surface of Dover is uneven,
and a large part of it covered Vvitu
wood. Population, 1837, 518.
EJo«-ii East, Tile,
breach of faith, and swore
TVe crave the facor of a letter
against him implacable revenge.
In 1689, after a lapse of 13 yea^rs, frcra our friends " Down East."
they determined to execute their See Barnard, Me.
project.
Previous to the fatal night
I>raciit, Mass.
(27th of June) some hints had been
thrown out by the squaws, but they
Middlesex co. Dracut is united
were either misunderstood or dis- to Lowell by a bridge over Merriregarded and the people sufiered mack river. The town is pleasantthem to sleep in their garrisons as ly situated on the N. side, on the
usual.
In the stillness of night the line of N. H., with a tolerable soil
doors of the garrisons were opened, and some water power, by Beaver
and the Indians, at a concerted sig- river. It lies 27 miles N. fiom Eosnal, rose from their lurking places, ton, and 16 N. by E. from Concord.
and rushed upon the defenceless in- Incorporated, ITOl.
Population,
habitants. Waldron, though 80 years 1837, 1,898.
The manufactures of
of age, made a gallant defence, but Dracut consist of woolen goods,
was overwhelmed by the superior leather, cutlery, boots and shoes.
numbers of his adversaries, who Annual amount, exclusive of woolliterally cut hirn to pieces.
In this en goods, about ^'25,000.
as a
;
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
Dresden, Me.
Lincoln co. On the E. bank of
Kennebec river, near the head of
Swan Island, 9 miles N. W. from
Wiscasset, 14 S. from Augusta, and
59 N. E. from Portland, This is a
large agricultural township, with
some trade on the river. Previous
to the division of the county, in
1789, Dresden was the shire town
or place where all the courts in
Maine were holden, E. of Kenne-
bec
Dresden was incorpo-
river.
Popula-
rated as a town in 1794.
tion, 1S37, 1,570.
TValjiole,
Dviljlin,
who shall statedly preach in
Dublin. The first settlements were
in 1762, by John Alexander, and
others. Population, 1S30, 1,218.
ister,
Dudley, Mass.
Dre%vsville, N. H.
See
land in general is much better for
grazing than tillage. The late Rev.
Edward Sprague bequeathed nearly 8,000 dollars for the support of
public schools, the annual interest
of which is to be applied to this obHe also left the town $5,000,
ject.
the interest of which, paid quarterly, is to be applied to the support
of an ordained congregational min-
Worcester co. This good farming town was called by the Indians
Chahanaknngkomwn.
H.
It is finely
by the Qiiinnebaug and
excelCheshire co. It is 10 miles E. other stream?, and possesses
During the
S. W. lent mill privileges.
by S. from Keene, and 50
trie valfrom Concord. Dublin is situated year ending April 3, 1837,
Dudley
heio-htof land between Con- ue of the nian'.if.ic'ures of
on the
The artinecticut and Merrimack rivers. Its amounted to $346,826.
were woolen
streams are small those on the W. cles manufactured
]^f.
watered
;
side run into the Ashuelot, those on
The
the E. into Contoocook river.
rain which falls on the roof of the
goods, leather, sIjoos, scythe snaiths,
The valchairs, and cabinet ware.
ue of wool grown was .$1,585.
Dudley lies 55 miles S. W. from
church is shared by the rivers.
and
There is a pond near the middle of Boston, IS S. from Worcester,
pond, one 34 N. W. from Providence. Incorpothe town called Centre
1837, 1,415.
mile in length and about the same rated, 1731. Population,
A
large portion of the
lies in the N. W.
part of Dublin, and near the centre of the town is Breed's mounMonadnock was formerly cotain.
vered with a growth of small tim-
in breadth.
Grand Monadnock
ber and shrubbery, but tires having run over it at different times,
than ragged
it presents little more
Between the rocks, howthere are low whortleberry
bushes, which produce great quantities of fruit of a very rich flavor.
The season for ripening is the latter part of August, and to those
rocks.
ever,
who
son
ascend the summit at this seathey are peculiarly grateful.
This mountain is not difficult of acThe view from its summit
cess.
Its height is 3,718 feet
is sublime.
above the level of the sea. The
11
Duke's County,
Ma ,s.
Edgarton is the county town.
This county is formed of the islands
of Martha's Vineyard, ChappequidIslands, and No
dic, Elizabeth
latter of which
the southern extremity of MasThese islands lie off
sachusetts.
and S. of Barnstable county and
Buzzard's bay, and contain about
120 square miles. The principal
island, Martha's Vineyard, the In-
Man's Land— the
is
dian J\"ope, or Capaivock, was first
settled by the whites, at Edgarton,
in 1641, and is 21 miles in length
and 6 in breadth. Although a large
portion of this county is Avoodhmd,
and many of the people engaged
in the fisheries and coasting trade,
yet considerable exports are annu-
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
made of wool, v/oolen cloth,
and grain. This county suffered much during the revolutionnry
war.
In 1778, the people were
compelled to surrender their lire
arms and 2,300 head of cattle to the
British.
Incorporated, l(>y5. Population, 1S20, 3,2</2; 1830,3,518;
1837, 3,735: 32 inhabitants to a
square rnile. There were on these
ally
salt
islands, in 1S37, 11,281 sheep.
©miinier, K.
II.,
ants of Scotch Irish, so called, from
the North of Ireland.
Their posterity still retain many traits of
character peculiar to that people.
Dunbartcn was granted in 1751, to
Archibald Stark and others.
Its
present name is deiived fiom Bumbarton, in Scotland, from whence
Stark emigrated.
The lirst settlement was made about 17-19.
William Stinson, born in Ireland, came
to
Londonderry with
his father.
He
was much respected and was a useCoos CO., is bounded N by Mills- ful man. James Rogers was
from
field and Errol, and comprises 23,Ireland, and father toMajor Robert
040 acres.
it was granted March
Rogers.
Me was shot in the woods,
8, 1773, and is watered by the Ambeing niistaken fo!' a bear.
monoosuck and Androscoggin.
Bxiniiioi-e Italic, Vt.
Population, 1830, G5.
See Salisbury.
UiisiaMicrstosi, Vt.
Windham
co.
Biiii3tal>le, JJass.
"West river passes
through this town and gives it a
Middlesex co. Nashua river wagood v/ater power. The surface is ters the N. W. part
of the town,
rough and hilly, but adapted to graz- and passes into Nashua, N.
H. The
ing. Black mountain, near tiie cen- surface
of the town is level
some
tre, is a vast body of granite. Good
part of it is good land, but generalslate for buildings, and primitive
ly it is light and sandy.
It has no
liineslone ai-e found.
There are in manufactures, and only 315 sheep.
Dummerston some manufacturing Popuhition, 1837, 570. Incorporaconcerns. and a considerable nuxiiber ted, leSo.
Dunstable lies 27 miles
;
of sheep.
Population, 1330, 1,592:
90 miles S. from Montpelier, and 8
S. E. from Newfanc.
N. W. from Boston, IS N. by W.
from Concord, and 6 S. from Nashua.
Diii-Iiani,
UiiiiUjartcii,
Merrimack
K. H.
This town lies
W. from Concoid, and 7
Hopkiajon.
Population,
co.
9 miles S.
S. E. fj'om
1830, 1,0G7.
The situation of the
toAvn is somewhat elevated, though
there are but fav/ hiiis, nor anv
The air is clear, the
good, and the health of its
inhabitants is seldom interrupted by
sickness.
The soil is good, peculiarly suited for corn, wheat and orcharding. Almost every lot in town
is capable of m.aking a good farm.
mountains.
water
is
The farmei-s here have good buildings and are excellent husbandmen.
The advantages in point of water
privileges arc not great.
The inhabitants are principally Uviscend-
—
Me.
Cumberland co. Located on the
Androscoggin river, and
S. side of
united v.ith Lisbon by a bridge.
This is a township of good land, and
farming is the piincipal occupation
of the
inhabitants.
Durham
lies
25 miles N. from Portland and 31
S. W. from Augusta.
Population,
1837, 1,832.
Incorporated, 1789.
is 32 miles E. by
from Concord, 11 ?/. N. W. from
Portsmouth, and 7 S. fiom Dover.
Population, 1830,1,606.
The situation of this town, upon tlie Piscataqua and its branches, is very favorable both as to water power and
transportation. Oyster river, one of
Stratford co.,
S.
•
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
the branches of the Piscataqua, issues from Wheelwright's pond, in
Lee, and after running nearly its
whole course in Durham, furnishing
in its progress several convenient
mill seats, falls into the
main river
near Piscataqua bridge. This bridge
is 2,600 feet in length and 40 in
width.
It cost $65,400.
The tide
flows in this branch of the river up
to the falls near the meeting-house
in the village,
amount
where business
to a
annually transacted.
This village is a very central depot
for the lumber and produce of the
adjacent country.
Lamprey river,
another branch of the Piscataqua,
runs through the westerly part of
this town, over several falls remarkably well adapted for mill seats, into
the town of New Market, wheie it
falls into the Great Bay.
Upon both
sides of Oyster river, a deep argillaceous loam prevails, which is peculiarly favorable to the production
large
is
of the grasses, of which very heavy
crops are cut, and hay is an article
of considerable export.
Extensive
ledges of excellent granite, with
which
this
town abounds, have been
much profitable em-
the source of
ployment
A
to the inhabitants.
large block of detached granite in
the southeast part of this town was
formerly placed in a very singular
situation.
Its weight was 60 or 70
tons, and it was poised so exactly
upon two other stones as to be visibly moved by the wind.
It was
some years since dislodged from
this extraordinary position by the
barbarous curiosity of some visitors.
Durham was originally a part
of Dover; but soon after its settlement was formed into a distinct parish by thf. name of Oyster river,
from the stream which passes
thi-ough it.
From the abundance
of excellent oysters found in its
waters, this river probably derived
its name, and it was a famous rendezvous of the Indians. For many
years this place suffered exceedingly by Indian depredations and mur-
ders.
In 1694, when a large part
of the inhabitants had marched to
the westward, the Indians, who
were dispersed in the woods about
Oyster river, having diligently obseived the number of men in one
of the garrisons, rushed upon eighteen of them, as they were going
to their morning devotions, and having cut oil" their letreat to the house,
put them all to death except one,
who fortunately escaped. They
then attacked the house, in which
there were only two boys, beside
the women and children.
The
boys kept them off for some time
and wounded several of them. At
length the Indians set fire to the
house and even then the boys would
not surrender till the Indians had
promised to spare their lives. The
however, perfidiously murthree or four children, one
of whom they fixed upon a sharp
stake in the view of its mother.
The next spring the Indians narrowly watched the fiontiers, to determine the safest and most vulnerable points of attack.
The
settlement at Oyster river was selected for destruction.
Here were
twelve garrisoned houses, amply
sufficient for the reception of the
inhabitants; but not apprehending
any danger, many of the families
remained in their unfortified houses,
and those who were in the garrisons
latter,
dered
were
siege,
indifferently
as
powder.
they
prepared for
were
a
destitute of
The enemy approachc'
the place undiscovered and halted
near the falls.
One John Dean,
whose house stood near the falls,
happening to rise very early for a
journey before the dawn of day,
was shot as he came out of his
door.
The attack now commenced
on all points where the enemy was
ready.
The enemy entered the
house of a Mr. Adams without
resistance, where they murdered
fourteen persons, whose graA'cs can
still be traced.
The house of John
Buss, the minister, was destroyed
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
together with his valuable library.
He was absent at the time, and his
wife and family fled to the woods.
Many other cruelties were perpetrated, when the Indians, fearing
that the inbabitantsfrom the neighboring settlements would collect
against them, retreated, having
killed or captured between 90 and
100 persons, and
destroyed 20
houses, 5 of wliich were garrisoned.
Minute accounts of these disasters
are given in Belknap's valuable History of New Hampshire, to which
the reader is referred.
Tbe first
preacher
who
statedly officiated in
Durham was John Buss; but he
never was ordained. He died 1736,
at the age of 108.
Rev. Hugh
Adams
settled
Maj. Gen.
March
28, 1718.
John Sullivan",
of
the revolutionary army, was a resident of this town, and died here
Jan. 23, 1795.
He was a native of
Berwick, Me. ; was a distinguished
commander during the war was
president of the state three years,
and afterwards district judge of
New Hampshire. On all occasions
he proved liimself the firm supporter of the rights of the country.
;
!Dur3iai», Ct.
Middlesex
first
settled
This town was
Its Indian
co.
in
1698.
name was Coginchaug.
It lies 7
miles S. by W. from Middletown,
and 20 S. from Hartford.
Population, 1830, 1,116.
Agriculture is
the principal employment of the
people of JDurham, for which they
have rather an uneven but fertile
" This town has been distinsoil.
guished many years for a very fine
breed of cattle.
Two oxen, presented by some of the inhabitants to
General Washington, furnished a
dinner for all the officers of the
American army
and
all
at
Valley Forge,
These oxen
hundred
their servants.
were driven almost
five
miles, through a country nearly exhausted of its forage
yet one of
them, a steer, five years old, weigh;
ed two thousand two hundred and
seventy pounds."
Capt. Israel Camp, a noted psalmodist died in Durham, in 1778.
Duston's
Islaiitl, ]^.
H.
This small island in the Merrimack
at the mouth of Contoocook river,
between Concord and Boscawen,
has become celebj-ated on account
of an exploit of a lady whose name
it
bears.
On the 15th March, 1698,
made a descent on Ha-
the Indians
verhill,
Mass. where they took Mrs.
Hannah Duston, who was
confined
her bed witii an infant only six
days old, and attended by her nurse,
Mary NifT. The Indians took Mrs.
Duston from her bed and carried
her away with the nurse and infant.
They soon despatched the latter by
dashing its head against a tree.
When they had proceeded as far as
this island, which has been justly
called Duston's island, on their way
to an Indian town situate a consid1o
erable distance above, the Indians
informed the women that they must
be stripped and run the gauntlet
through the villaoe on their arrival.
Mrs. Duston and her nurse had
been assigned to a family consisting of two stout men, three women,
and seven children, or young Indians, besides an English boy who
had been taken from Worcester.
Mrs. Duston, aware of the cruelties that awaited her, formed the
design of exterminating the whole
family, and prevailed upon the
nurse and the boy to assist her in
A
their destruction.
little before
day, finding the whole company in
a sound sleep, she awoke her confederates, and with the Indian
hatchets despatched ten of the
twelve. One of the women whom
they thought they had killed made
her escape, and a favorite boy they
designedly left. Mrs. Duston and
her companions arrived safe home
with the scalps, though their danger from the enemy and from famine in travelling so far,
must have
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
with some lakes of smalThe general court of connected
general outlet is north
grant of ler size. The
14
Massachusetts made her a
by Chipquedopskook river, about
many other
£50, and she received
the river St.
been
great.
miles in length, into
valuable presents.
John.
taken
Dwxl>Tiry, Vt.
co.
Duxbury
vation.
and was,
a branch of Taunton river,
1S23, a part of the ancient
until
It is 24 miles S, by
Brido-ewater.
First settled,
from Montpelier.
Population, 1S30, 651.
17S6.
W. from
E. ir^m Boston and 17 S.
Population, 1830, 1,653
Plymouth.
DuxlJiiry, Mass.
Plymouth
This town
co.
Massachusetts bay
bor
in
lies
on
Plymouth har-
East Bridge water
1,927.
good water power, and manhas a
ufactm-ed the year ending April 1,
goods. 1 he
1837, .$414,044 value of
—1837,
29 miles S. E. trom Bos-
It is
N. from Plymouth. Duxa good
bury aflTords some good land,
variety ot
water power and a great
was Matscenery. Its Indian name
ton and 6
\ al$69,543.
The
of vessels built, $169,048.
ue
cloth, leather,boots
value of woolen
to
castings and
shoes, salt, iron, brass
tinware manufactured, amounted
to
Some attention is paid
4il05 787.
manhere to rearing sheep, and the
cordage.
ufacture of
tree
in Duxbury an apple
There
noted
ness.
is
for its
It is
a^e, size and fruitfulof a hundred
forty feet in height,
upwards
It is
years old.
goods,
articles consisted of cotton
iron, nails,
boots, shoes, leather, bar
lead pipe, chaises, window
tacks,
boxes.
blinds, sashes and shoe
coasting
aheeset. Ship buikling, the
busiand fisheries is the chief
trade
In 1837, it had
place.
ness of the
cod and
46 vessels employed in the
fishery, the product ol
mackerel
which amounted
inches
and itscircuiT'l-ercnce, eight
Its
feet.
from the around, is 16
barin one year, has made 10
fruit,
hushels for
of cider, besides 30
Eastljrooli,
Plancock co.
See " Down East."
East
number of vessels are owned
and
here, and the coasting trade
give employment to many
t^^heries
The town is
of the inhabitants.
A
watered by Maskachug and Hunt s
nulls
rivers, on which are cotton
soil
and other manufactories. The
tovm is rather rough and
of the
of
stony, but it yields good crops
East
corn, barley and potatoes.
is noted for excellent
and cider.
The " Kentish Guards" was esproved
tablished here in 1774, and
officers,
a nursery of distinguished
General
of which the celebrated
Nathaniel Greene was one. Across
Greenwich
fruit
Me.
in the
county
Aroosof Penobsc'ot, between the
took and St.
John's rivers.
11*
It is
I.
bay, 13 miles S. from Providence, and comprises an excellent
harbor for ships of 500 tons burthen.
See Steuhen.
is
R.
set
Dyer's Bay, Me.
This large lake
GreciiAvicli,
This
Shire town of Kent co.
and
town was incorporated in 1677,
on Narraganis pleasantly located
1S37,2,7&J.
the cellar. Population,
Lalce,
Me.
Incorporated, 1837.
rels
Eagle
Brunswick.
East Briilgewatev, Mass.
Plymouth co. This town lies on
12 miles \\.
lies
New
to
This town lies
river, and is
S. side of Onion
on the
of its branches.
watered bv several
good,
The land along Onion river is
greater part of the township
hut the
and unht for cultiis mountainous
Washington
Great quantities of logs arc
sawed and sent
to this outlet,
^
milos.
the bay, to Bristol, is about 8
1,591.
Population, 1830,
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
East Haddam,
^
Middlesex
co.
A
Ct.
1,059.
First settled, 1644.
Incorporated, 1646.
The product of the
cod and mackerel iisbery in 1836,
was $30,900. The value of salt,
boots, shoes and palm-leaf hats
manufactured, was {jJ!l0,561.
town of con-
siderable trade and manufacturing
enterprise, on the east side of the
Connecticut, and at the outlet of
Salmon river. It lies 18 miles above
the moutli of Connecticut river, 14
below Middletown, and 30 S. S. E.
from Hartford. The soil is hilly and
rocky, and more fit for grazing than
tillage.
Considerabie" business is
done here in the shad fishery. It is
supposed that more leather is made
in this than in any other tov/n in the
state.
This place has line water
privileges, both for navigation and
manufactures.
short distance from
the centre of the town is a pond
covering 1,000 acres. On the river
EastliaiiiptoM, Mass.
Hampshire co.
This is a pleastown on the YV. side of Connecticut river.
The Hampshire and
ant
Hampden canal passes through it.
In the year ending April 1, 1837,
$40,000 worth of lasting buttons
were manufactured; also cotton
goods, leather, boots and shoes, to
the amount of $15,300
5 miles
A
formed by the outlet of
pond,
is precipitated over rocks
nearly 70 feet perpendicular. The
scenery around these falls is beautiful, and Vv'orthy of particular
no-
East Hartford,
this
the water
There are 6 cotton mills in East
of which manufac-
Haddam, two
ture twine.
Leesville, on
Salmon
Mechanicsville, on
river,
Moodus
and
river,
a branch of Salmon river, are very
flourishing settlements.
This place, the Indian Mackiis remarkable for frequent
slight shocks of earthquakes, producing singular noises, which the
moodus,
Indians attributed to the anger of
their gods towards the white^men.
It is said that some valuable
geological discoveries have recently been
made in
was first
Hartford co.
this quarter.
The town
settled in lG85,but not in-
corporated until 1724.
Population,
in 1835, about 3,000.
This is the
birth place of many distinguished
men.
The venerable Nathaniel
Emmons, D. D., of Franklin, Mass.
was born here.
Eastliani, Mass.,
Barnstable co., on a narrow part
of the cape, 23 miles E. by N. from
Barnstable.
Population in 1837,
Ct.
This town
is
situa-
ted opposite to Hartford, and
connected with it by a bridge across
Connecticut river.
is generally
town
lice.
S.
:
from Northampton. Pop. 1837, 793.
alluvial
meadows
The
of the
but the
on the border of
soil
fertile,
the river, of which there is a large
tract, is of a superior quality.
The
agricultural products of this town
are very considerable.
Hackanum
river furnishes the town with
a
good water power,on which are valuable manufacturing establishments
particularly of paper.
East Hartford is noted for its manufactures
in
former years.
The first powder
mill in this country, it is said,
was
erected here in 1775.
Anchors,
mill screws, nail rods, gunpowder^
paper, snuff and glass were manufactured here in 1784.
The ea?-ly
settlers found the ferocious
and war-
Podunk Indians in this
neighborhood.
One sachem commanded two hundred bowmen. This
is a very pleasant town.
The main
street, which is very long and v/ide,
like tribe of
delightfully shaded '"by stately
elms.
East Hartford was taken
from Hartford in 1784.
Population, 1830, 3,537.
is
East Haven, Vt.
Essex
CO.
Moose
river rises in
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
the easterly part of this town and
the Passumpsic passes through the
westerly part. The land is mountainous and most of it unfit for cultivation.
It lies 45 miles N. from
First settled, 1790.
Montpelier
Population, 1S30, 33.
ilBast
Haven,
Ct.
New Haven co. This town was
taken from New Haven, in 1785, and
is connected with New Haven by
abridge. Population, 1830, 1,229.
It has good navigable privileges,
and is watered by Qaianipiac river.
It has some trade, but the principal
employment
of the inhabitants is
agriculture and fishing.
This was a great resort for the
Indians in former years. On Grave
Hill was an Indian fort and cemeBones of Indians of a large
tery.
size, and domestic and warlike implements for savage use, have been
found here. The Indian Well, in a
granite rock, on an island in Stony
river, is a curiosity.
It is about 30
inches in diameter, very smooth at
the bottom.
It is now about 5 feet
in depth, but formerly it was deepIt was evidently formed by
er.
the attrition of sand and pebbles
which passed over this rock, it being
at some former period, the bed of
East Haven is pleasantthe river.
ly located, and commands a fine
prospect of Long Island Sound.
Kast Kingston, N.
Rockingham
co.
II.
Its soil is
of an
excellent quality, and well adapted
to the cultivation of grain and grass.
Powow river crosses the S. W. part
of this town, having its sources in
the ponds of Kingston.
The town
was incoi-porated Nov. 17, 173S.
Rev. Peter Cothn was
settled
here
Population, 1S30, 442. It
lies 40 miles S. E. by E. from Concord, and 20 S. S. W. from Portsin 1739.
mouth.
East
Washington
Slaciiias, 5Ie.
co.
This
is
a flour-
town on navigable waters.
was incorporated in 1S26, and is
ishing
It
eastern part of Old Machias.
on both sides of East Machias river, 149 miles E. by N. from
Augusta. Population, 1837, 1,282.
East Machias has a great water
power, a large number of mills, and
a very pleasant village.
It is extensively engaged in the lumber
the
It lies
trade.
Elaston, Mass.
Bristol CO. Two branches of Taunton river water this town, on which
arc a woolen and 4 cotton mills,
and various iron works. The manufactures consist of cotton and woolen goods, pig iron, iron castings,
wire, boots, shoes, shovels, sp ides,
forks, hoes, cutlery, palm-leaf l.ats,
straw bonnets, surveyors' instruments and shoe pegs
the value
of which in one year (exclusive of
woolen cloth, boots and shoes,)
amounted to 207,100.
The manufacture of shovels, spades, forks and
hoes, amounted to ^108,000.
Easton lies 22 miles S. from Boston and
10 N. by W. from Taunton.
Incorporated, 1725. Population, 1837,
1,976.
:
—
.
Eastport,
7»ic.
"Washington co.
The township
of Eastport embraces and is constituted of Moose, Dudley's, Frederick and Patmos islands, the chief
of which, whereon the village of
Eastport stands, is Moose island, in
sight of, and but a short distance
from, Indian and Campo Bello islands, belonging to the British. Eastport is a beautiful harbor in Passamaquoddy bay, on the eastern boundary of the United States, and noted for smuggling adventures by
strangers visiting the place during the embargo and war.
It is
about 7 miles N. by W. from West
Quoddy Head, 176 E. by N. from
Augusta, and about 30 E.N. E. from
Machias.
The tide is very rapid,
and rises 25 feet.
There are two
�NEW ENGLAND
long bridges connecting Moose island with Dennysville and Perry
each cost $10,000.
Eastport and
Lubec are the chief towns in Passamaquoddy bay, and are extensively engaged in the fisheries, and the
trade of the extensive waters of the
river St. Croix and Bay of Fundy.
Tonnage of Passamaquoddy bay,
Cobscook Bay und its trib10,712.
utary waters, on the west, give to
Eastport a large trade in lumber.
Moose Island contains 2,150 acres
;
of rough land.
It was first settled
in 1780.
In 1790 it contained only
244 inhabitants. There are now on
the Island a handsome village, containing 60 wharves, 80 stores, 5
meeting-houses, a United Slates
garrison, and 5,000 inhabitants.
East Windsor,
Ct.
Hartford co.
First settled IfiSO.
Taken from Windsor, 176S. This
is an excellent townsliip of land.
Its extensive meadows on the cast
side of Connecticut river are of
uncommon fertility and beauty.
Among the
various agricultural products vv'ith which thii town abounds,
tobacco has been cultivated with
success, and manufactured.
It is
said that 70,000 bushels of rye has
Scantic
been raised in a season.
river, a considerable mill stream,
passes through the north part of
the town, and gives it the name of
Scantic. The vilhige of iVapping
is in the S. E. section of the town.
The principal street, about a mile
back of the river, is the village,
running the whole leno;th of tlie
town, wide, neatly built and beautifully shaded.
East Windsor lies 8
miles N. from Hartford.
Population, 1830, 2,129.
Eatoia, K.
II.,
Strafford co., lies 60 miles N.
E. from Concord and 55 N. N. E.
from Dover, and is bounded E. by
Population, 1830, 1,432.
Maine.
The soil of the uplands, which are
quite uneven, is moderately good.
GAZETTEER.
and
the plains furnisli excellent
pine timber.
There are several
small ponds in this town.
Eaton
was granted Nov. 7, 1776, to Clement March and 65 others.
Eddingtoii, Me.
Penobscot
co.
This town
lies
on
the east side of Penobscot river, 6
miles above, and N. N. E. from
Bangor, and 70 N. E. by E. from
Augusta. The village is pleasantly
situated at the " Bend " of the river.
Tiie soil of the town is good and well
wooded. It produced, in 1837, 2,414
bushels of wheat. Population, ISS"?
558.
Eden, Me.,
Hancock
on the north
part of the island of Mount Desert,
and taken from the town of Mount
co., situated
Desert (which formerly comprised
the whole island) 1795.
First settled, 1763.
Eden lies 92 miles E.
from Augusta, and about 18 S. by E.
from Ellsworth. Population, 1837,
1,024.
The town has a good soil,
good harbors, and possesses great
advantages for the shore fishery.
It is said that 500 bushels of cranberries have been picked in Eden
in a season.
Cranberry isles lie
on the coast, about 3 miles south.
Eden, Vt.
Lamoille co. This township was
granted to " Col. Seth Warner and
his associates, our worthy friends,
the officers and soldiers of his regi-
ment
in the line of the continental
army," August 28, 1781.
" Our
friends," for their patriotic services,
certainly deserved a better township than this, for it is mountainous,
rocky and cold ; it is however good
for grazing, and produces some fine
beef cattle and sheep. It is watered by Green river and Wild Branch.
Several ponds in the town afford
Eden lies 30 miles
good fishing.
N. from Montpelier, and is bound-
ed S. by Hydepark.
1830, 461.
Population,
�NEW ENGLAND
Edgartowiij Mass.
Dukes
County town and
CO.
GAZETTEER.
Population, 1837, 205. See "
East."
Down
port of entry on the island of ]\Iar-
—
91 miles S. E. from
tha's Vineyard
Boston, 20 N. W. by W. from Nantucket, 28 S. E. by E. from New
Bedford, 20 S. from Falmouth, and
First set495 from "Washington.
Incorporated, 1671.
1641.
tled,
Population, 1837, 1,625. Edgartown
(Old Town) harbor is on the east
side of the town, in lat. 41° 25' N.;
This township inIon. 70° 25' W.
cludes the fertile island of Chappequiddick, on the southeast, on which
some Indians.
This island
5
miles in length and 2 1-2 in breadth.
are
is
very pleasant and forms Old
Eight whale ships
harbor.
belong to this place, and a number
This is said to
of coasting vessels.
be the only place in the state where
grouse are native. The value of
sperm oil imported, in the year endIt is
Town
1837, was ^65,598.
of salt, oil casks, ])oats
and hats manufactured the same
The value of
year, was $7,260.
wool, the product of 2,150 sheep,
ing April
The value
1,
was $1,590.
^Cdgecoml), Me.
Lincoln co. This town is bounded by Damariscotta river on the E.
and Sheepscot river on the W., and
lies nearly opposite to Wiscasset
26 miles S.
across the latter river.
Population,
S. E. from Augusta.
This town enjoys
1837, 1,282.
great facilities for navigation, the
fisheries, ship building and the lumber business. It is a place of considerable trade. First settled, 1744.
There are several
Strafford co.
mountains of considerable elevation
in this town.
The Ossipee river
passes through the town, over which
is a toll-bridge.
Province pond lies
between Effingham and Wakelield.
Etfingham was settled a few years
prior to
the
revolution.
vitt's
Penobscot
Me.
Incorporated, 1835.
See " Down
Population, 1837, 89.
East."
co.
fidmouds, Me.;
Washington co., situated between
Cobscook bay and East Machias.
wag
Effingham borders W.
18, 1773.
on Ossipee lake and E. on Maine.
It lies 58 miles N. E. from Concord
and 25 N. E. by E. from Gilford.
Population, 1830, 1,911.
I^gremout, Mass.
A
mountainous
Berkshire co.
township, watered by branches of
Incorporated,
Housatonick river.
140 miles W. from Boston
1760.
and 15 S. S. W. from Lenox. Population, 1S37, 968.
The manufdc-
tures of Egremont consist of wheat
flour, leather, boots, shoes, harnesses, stone, (sawed,) chairs and cabTotal amount in one
inet ware.
Value of 1,790
year, $29,100.
fleeces of wool, $2,770.
Eliialbeth.,Cape, Me.
This celebrated cape
lies in
the
town of Cape Elizabeth, and forms
the
western limits of Casco bay.
the point of the cape is a
Near
light-house,
50 feet in height, in
N. lat. 43° 33', W. Ion. 70° 11'.
For the toicn of Cape Eliza-
beth,
see Register.
Elixalieth. Islands,
Ediiibiirgli,
It
known by the name of LeaTown. Incorporated, Aug.
then
These
islands
are
Mass.
attached to
and lie between
Buzzard's bay and Vineyard sound.
Dukes county,
They are 16 in number. The largest, Nashawn and Nashawenna, are
inhabited.
Gosnold, the discoverer
of Cape Cod, spent the Avinter of
1602-3, on one of these islands.
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
Ellington, Ct.
Tolland CO. Ellington was taken
from East Windsor in 17S6, and was
that part of East Windsor called the
streams which again unite,
into the Saco at Bartlett.
it
fall*
Elligo Fond, Vt.
This beautiful sheet of water,
Great Marsh. The soil is light
two miles in length and half a mile
and dry, but considerably fertile.
in breadth, lies partly in Craftsbury
It is generally level, but the eastand partly in Greensborough, Orern part is hilly and mountainous.
leans county.
Its northern outlet
Foi-merly the lands in this town
passes to Black river
its southern
were held in low estimation, but by
There are two
to the Lamoille.
the industry of the people in their
small islands in the lake.
This was
cultivation they have risen in char" The scenery in a favorite resort for the Indians, and
acter and value.
;
this
town embraces considerable va-
uncommonly interesting
and beautiful." The " Ellington
riety and
is
School" for boys, situated in a very
neat village, is in high repute. PopEllington lies
12 miles N. E. from Hartford, and
ulation, 1830, 1,455.
is
bounded
S. E.
by Tolland.
Me.
Elliot,
York CO. This town lies on the
N. W. of Kittery of which it constituted a part until 1810.
It adjoins Salmon Fall river on the S.
W. by which
it
New
is
—
separated
fiom
now attracts numerous lovers of tine
trout and delightful scenery to it3
borders.
EIlsAVortli,
Me.
Chief town of Hancock co. This
a pleasant and flourishing town
on boih sides of Union river, at the
head of navigation. The village is
principally on the E. side, where
there is a good bridge across the
river, 3 miles above the entrance
of the river into the waters connected with Blue Hill bay. The
tide rises at the bridge 10 or 12 feet,
and Ellsworth possesses an enviable
position for maritime and inland
trade.
The location of the courts
is
Hampshire and is bounded
N. by South Berwick, and E. by
York. It is a good farming town
for this
and probably contains
Castine to this place in 1838.
great a
proportion of valuable tillage land
as any in the county according to
its size.
Population, 1837, 1,859.
Elliot is 108 miles S. W. from Auas
gusta.
Elliotsville,
Somerset
co.
Me.
This place
See "
miles from Augusta.
East."
is
81
Down
Maine,
house
The
eligibly situated on
the W. side of the river.
Ellsworth
is quite an agricultural township.
It has a good soil, and considerable
attention is given to the growth of
coui-t
is
wheat and wool. It lies 81 miles
E. by N. from Augusta, and 30 N.
E. byE. from Bangor.
Population,
1830, 1,385—1837, 2,195.
Ellsvvortli, N. H.,
Ellis' Rivers.
Ellis' river, in
county was changed from
is
a tribu-
tary to the Androscoggin.
It rises
N. of Rumford, in the county of
Oxford, and passes through that
town. Ellis' river, in JVeto Hamjjshire, rises on the E. side of the
White mountains, in several small
streams, near the sources of Peabody river, and separating into two
Grafton co., is 52 miles N. N.W.
from Concord and 20 S. E. from
Haverhill.
It is
Population, 1830, 234.
a mountainous tract of territo-
The most prominent elevation
small stream
Carr's mountain.
issues from West Branch pond and
runs into the Pemigewasset at
ry.
A
is
Campton.
parts
The
sterile,
soil, though in some
produces wheat, rye
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEEn.
Maple sugar
and corn.
is
made
here, and clover seed is raised in
considerable quantities. This town,
formerly called Trecothick, was
granted May 1, 1769, to Barlow
Trecothick.
Slmore, Vt.
Lamoille
co.
First settled, 1790.
I
|
one above another for some disAlong the western bank,
between the pond and Mont Calm,
within a few rods of the water, ex-
rise
tance.
tends the turnpike road, the whole
distance through a beautiful village, shaded to the N. on either
side
my
by a growth of trees. Mascoriver empties into this pond in
N. W. part. This pond is supposed to have once been much higher than it now is, and the plain and
five ponds in this town, the waters villages to the south are supposed
of which, the town beinsj very high, to have been the bed of it.
This
descend partly to Lamoille and part- fact is suiTiciently evident from the
ly to Onion rivers.
Some cattle and ancient shore still remaining round
some wool are sent to market.
the pond, about 30 feet above high
water, and from logs having been
iHnilsdeii, Me.
frequently found 12 feet below the
Somerset co.
fine township surface of the plain once flowed.
of land with two pleasant villages, On the W. bank, near the southern
on the W. side of Kennebec liver. extremity, is the Shakers' settleSeven Mile brook passes through ment, situated on a fertile plain.
the S. W. corner of the town.
The structure of the buildings, tho'
Embden produced, in 1S37, 6,400 not lofty, are neat and convenient.
bushels of wheat and considerable They occupy about 1,000 acres of
wool.
Incorporated, 1804.
Popu- land, and their number consists of
lation, 1837, 1,043.
about 240. They are agriculturalIt is 46 miles
N. N. W. from Augusta and about ists and mechanics. Garden seeds
13 miles N. by W. from Norridge- arc grown, and Vvooden v/arc, whips,
wock.
corn broon^s, leather, and various
other articles, are manufactured by
Enfield, Me.
them with peculiar neatness. See
Penobscot co.
Incorporated, Canterburt/.
1S35.
See " Down East."
r^Iountain pond, on the summit of
Mont Calm, is 200 rods long, and
JEnlield, N. II.
100 wide. At the outlets of ths
Grafton co.
Enfield comprises ponds are mills of various kinds.
24,060 acres, of which about 2,500 The town was formerly called lielacres arc water.
It is 10 miles S.
han, and was incorporated by charE. from Dartmouth College and 40 ter, granted to Jedcdiah Dana and
N. W. fi-om Concoi'd. Its surface others, Julv 4th, 1761. Population,
is diversified with hills and valleys,
1830, 1,492.
and watered by a vaiiety of ponds
Enfield, Mass.
and streams, stored with lish of every species coinmon to tlie country.
Hampshire co. Swift river passJ.iascomy pond, which has acquir- es through this town, and adds much
ed from travellers the appellation to its beauty and importance.
of Pleasant pond, is a beautiful col- The manufactures of this place, the
lection of water, 4 miles in length year ending April 1, 1837, amountand of various breadth, interspersed ed to $182^669.
The articles conwith islands and checkered with sisted of cotton and woolen goods,
inlets.
Its eastern banks are covleather, boots, shoes, hats, hoes,
ered with trees ; the hills gradually shingle machines, palm-leaf hats.
lies 16 miles N. from Montpelier and 10 S. from Hydepark.
Population, 1830, 442.
There are
Elmore
A
the
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
wool cards, cotton batting and wickThe value of wool grov/n
ing.
miles N. by E. from Montpelier,
and 20 N. E. from St. Albans.
was $1,090.
Enfield lies 71 miles
Boston, and 15 E, from
Northampton.
Population, 1837,
W.
1,053.
JSnlielfl, Ct.
This tov/n M'as
Hartford co.
settled, 1631,
first
:
necticut river was built in ISOS,
connecting Enfield with Sufficld.
The surface is genei-ally level and
The
the soil moist and fertile.
street, where most of tlie inhabitants reside, is very pleasant, wide
and well shaded. The village near
the river was commenced about
1831, at which the manufacture of
carpeting is extensively pursued.
About 120 looms are employed,
making about 800 yards daily. The
manufacture of ploughs is also an
important pursuit in Enfield. It is
watered bv Scantick river.
Population, 1S30, 2,129.
It i-: 18 miles
N. from Hartford, and 8 S. from
Springfield, Mass.
EiiglisliiKiaia's I?ny, Tile.
few miles W. of
Washington counIt receives the waters of Chand-
This bay is
Machias bay,
a
in
considerable stream
contains a number of islands, and
Head
furnishes many fine harbors
haibor, an island otf Jonesborough,
ler's river, a
:
it
is its
western
limits.
EiiosTSjiirsli,
t.
Franklin co.
Missisquo Trout
and other streams give this town
excellent water privileges, and
manufacturing establishments flour-
The surface of the town is
pleasantly diversified by hills and
valleys, and well ad.ipted for grazThe products of the town are
ing.
cattle, buttei', cheese and wool.
Population,
First settled, 1797..
Enosburgli lies 43
1830, 1,560.
ish.
Ilockingham co., lies 29 miles S.
E. from Concord, 20 W. from Portsmouth, and 8 N. W. from Exeter.
It was formerlj^ a part of Exeter,
and was incorporated Feb, 12, 1741.
by emigrants from Sa- The
lem, Mass.
it formerly belonged
to Mass. and was a part of Springfield.
The first bridge across Con-
ty.
E^jping, N. H.,
I'rom
tov/n contains 12,760 acres,
being nearly 20 square miles. The
soil, in general, is very good, and
well suited to j-aise the various pro-
ductions
Lamprey
grow
that
in the
state.
river, at tiie west, receives
the Patuckaway, and runs through
the whole length of the town.
Another river runs through the N.
part of the town, and from that circumstance is called North river.
Py observations taken at 6 in the
forenoon, at 1 and 9 o'clock in the
afternoon, from Fahrenheit's thermometer placed in the open air, 13
feet from the ground, and where
the sun does not shine on the thermometer, the annual average of
heat for 10 years in succession, was
44 1-12^.
During that period the
annual average of rain that fell, was
2 feet 10 inches, and of snow, G feet
7 inches.
William Plxjmer, one of its
most distinguished and estimable
citizens, resides in this town.
(on-iderable portion of his life has
been employed in the service of the
people, in the several stations of
representative and senator in the
legislature, president of the senate,
speaker of the house of j-epresentatives, representative and senator in
congress, and for four years as chiefmagistrate of the state.
Population, 1S30, 1,208.
A
Merrimack
co.
This town
lies
12 miles E. from Concord.
Population, 1830, 1,418.
The surface of
the town is generally uneven. The
eminences are
called
M'Coy's, Fort, Nat's, and Notting-
pi'incipal
ham aiountains.
The
soil is in
gea-
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
eral good, and well adapted for grazing or grain. Great and Little Suncook are the only streams deserving
Here are three
the name of rivers.
ponds, Chesnut, Round, and Odiorne's.
Brown oxide, and suiphuret of iron are found, the lattermost
frequently in its decomposed state.
Varieties of quartz, feldspar and
schorl are also found.
An alluvial
deposite has been discovered, which
has been ascertained to be terra de
senna; it constitutes a very handsome and durable paint for cabinet
work.
Epsom was granted May
IS, 1727, to Theodore Atkinson and
others.
Like all other frontier
towns, Epsom was exposed, in its
early settlement, to the Indians.
Maj.
AivBREW M'CL,ARY,ana^
tive of this town, fell
at the battle
June 17, 1775.
Like the illustrious Roman, he left
his plough on the news of the masof
Breed's
Hill,
sacre at Lexington, and in the action when he lost his life displayed
great coolness and bravery.
Srrol,
Coos
]V.
H.
This town
situated
on (he W, of Umbagog lake.
It
contains about 35,000 acres,of which
2,500 are water.
Several considerable streams here unite with the
Androscoo-gin.
Errol was granted
Feb. 28, 1774, to Timothy Ruggles
and others.
Population, 1330,82.
CO.
is
It lies about 30 miles N. N. E. from
Lancaster.
Erving, Mass.
This township reuntil April
Previously it had been
17, 1838.
known by the name of " Erving's
Grant." It is bounded S. by Miller's and W. by Connecticut rivers.
Erving contains some excellent
land, and a great water power. The
year previous to its incorporation,
the manufactures of the town, consisting of satinet, boots, shoes, palmFranklin
co.
mained unincorporated
&c., amounted to
Population, 1837, 292.
leaf hats,
185.
12
^';35,-
Er-
ving lies 95 miles N. N. W. from
Boston, and 10 E. from Greenfield.
Essex County,
"Vt.
Guildhall is the county town.
This county is bounded N. by Lower Canada, W. by the counties of
Orleans and Caledonia, and S. and
E. by Connecticut river.
Area
680 square miles.
This is considered the poorest county in the state ;
but although much of the land is
hilly and mountainous, there is considerable good soil, and a large portion of it is well adapted for grazing.
There were, in 18.36, about 8,000
sheep in the county, and a considerable number of beef cattle and
horses were sent to market.
The
principal streams are the Nulhegan,
which is exclusively in Essex county
the Passumpsic, Moose and
Clvde. Incorporated, 1792.
Population, 1820,3,334; 1830,3,981.
About 6 inhabitants to a square
;
—
mile.
Essex
Coxuitj',
Mass.
Salem, Jpsu-ich, and jYewhuryThis
port are the shire towns.
county is bounded N. W. by Rockingham county. New Hampshire,
S. W. by Middlesex county, E. and
N. E. by the Atlantic ocean, and
S. E. by Massachusetts bay. There
is much good
land in this county,
but its surface is rocky and uneven.
It has an extensive sea coast, indented with numerous bays, inlets,
and capacious harbors.
It is more
densely populated than an}- county
of its size in the United States.
It
has great wealth, and its commerce
and fisheries ai-e unrivalled by any
section of country, of its extent, on
the elobc. Population, 1820, 73,930;
1830, 82,8S7, and in 1837, 93,689.
This county comprises an area of
360 square miles ; the numbei- of
inhabitants to a sqi.are mile is 2G0.
Essex county, although of stubborn
soil, has many very delightful farms,
and furnishes great quantities of
—
hay and vegetables
for
market.
It
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
has
many
manding
board
is
beautiful ponds and comelevations, and its seathe delight of every beHowever fruitful the cit-
coasting trade and the fisheries.
The manufactures of vessels, leather, boots, shoes, bar iron, barrels,
coidage, pump^> and blocks, in the
yeai ending April 1, 1837, amount-
holder.
izens may have rendered the soil
by their industry, this county is essentially a commercial and manufacturing section of
England.
The tonnage of the tive districts, in
1837, was 85,933 tons. The amount
of manufactures, for the year ending April 1, 1837, was $10,21(i,.300 ;
and the amount of the whale, cod
ed to ^102,271. The tonnage employed in the cod and mackerel fishery was 878 tons. Population, 1837,
Essex is a pleasant and
1,402.
flourishing town.
New
Etna, Me.
Penobscot co. This is an excel
lent farming town with no important streams.
It lies 63 miles N. E.
from Augusta, 17 W. from Bangor,
and bounded by Dixmont on the
S.
Incorporated, 1820.
Population, 1830, 362—1837, 626.
Etna
is fine wheat land
it produced, in
and mackerel tisheries, amounted
The principal riv$1,378,144.
ers in Essex county are the Merrito
mack and Shavvsheen. Essex counwas incorporated in 1643, and has
to some of the most distinguished merchants in the United
ty
given birth
Among many
:
may
be mentioned William Gray,
Israel Thorndike, and Wil-
1837, 2,421 bushels.
liam Parsons.
co. Exeter is 65 miles
E. from Augusta, and 25 S.W.
from Bango!'. It was incorporated in
1811.
Population, 1830, 1,438—
1837, 1,920.
At the "Four Corners," in the northerly pai-t of the
town, is a pleasant village with considerable trade and some mills. The
people of Exeter in 1837, with a
soil not above mediocrity, proved
without effort, by raising 12,058
bushels of wheat, that the state of
States.
others
Exeter, Ble.
Penobscot
N.N.
Essex, Vt.
Chittenden co. This town is fineby Onion river on the
S. and Brown's river, a branch of
the Lamoille, on the N,
It is also
watered by other smaller streams.
At Hubbell's falls, on Onion river,
are admirable mill sites, at v>'hich
are manufactures of some extent.
ly watered
The
surface of the town is level
a considerable portion of the soil is
dry and somewhat sandy, but produces good crops of corn and rye.
Alqng Onion river are some tracts
of beautiful intervale.
Essex was
first settled in 1783.
It lies 31 miles
N. W. from Montpelier, and 8 N.
N. E. from Burlington.
Population, 1830, 1,664.
;
|
I
|
i
\
i
Maine
j
I
is abundantly able, by means
within itself, to supply the whole
family of Yankees with bj-ead stuffs,
and have some to spare to their^
western brethren.
Exeter, N. H.
Rockingham co.
town lies 40 miles
This beautiful
E. by E. from
W, from Ports-
S.
Concord and 14 S.
mouth. The compact part of the
Essex CO. This town lies at the town lies about tiie falls, which sephead of Chebacco river, running in- arate the fresh from the tide water
to Squam bay, 13 miles N. E. from of a branch of the Piscataqua, callBoston, and 5 miles S. E. from Ips- ed by the natives Swamscot, and
wich, from which it was taken in now known by the name of Exeter
Bssex, Mass.
1819.
Many vessels of 50 to 120
tons are built in this town, and many small vessels are employed in the
Above the falls this stream
assumes the name of Great river,
to distinguish it from one of its
river.
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
smaller branches, called Little rivGreat river has its source in
er.
Chester, whence it runs through
several towns before it meets the
tide water in the centre of Exeter.
On thi^ river are many valuable
mill privileges.
and the improve*
the style of husbandry
tially agricultural,
ment
in
has been very great. The number
of industrious and enterprising mechanics, to whom Exeter is indebted for her prosperity, is very rapidly increasing.
See Register.
Phillips' academy, in Exeter, was
The Exeter Cotton ManufacturCompany commenced opera- founded by the liberal donations of
ing
tions April 1, 1830.
Their principal building is of brick, 175 feet by
They have 5,000 spindles, employ 212 girls and 40 men and boys.
They manufacture annually about
1,400,000 yards of sheeting. They
consume about 1,200 bales of cotton, 300 cords of wood and 22,500
pounds of potatoe starch annually.
They have a steam engine, 40 horse
power, to operate when the water
power fails.
This probably consumes annually about 150 chaldrons
45.
LL. D.,in 1781, who
death, in 1795, bequeathed to
the institution a large portion of his
John
Phillips,
at his
estate.
Bejvjamix Abbott, LL. D.
of Sidney coal.
The capital invested in lands, buildings, machinery,
has discharged the duties of principal with distinguished ability for
more than fifty years. The building stands on a plain, near the centre of the town, and is well provided with accommodations for the
ditferent branches of instruction,
and a large iiall for declamation and
the annual exhibitions.
The settlement of Exeter com-
&c.
menced
about $210,000.
mill has been in operation about two years, and will
manufacture from 130 to 150 tons
of powder annually.
A
is
powder
The manufacture
was commenced
of potatoe starch
in 1824.
The
es-
tablishment has been twice burnt,
but is rebuilt with brick, and starch
is now manufactured from wheat as
well as from potatoes. The amount
of sales of starch and gum is about
$10,000 annually.
In the westerly part of the town
is a paper mill, which manufactures
paper to the value of ,-^20,000 annually.
The manufacture of books,
blank books, &c. in Exeter, is very
extensive.
About $100,000 value
of shoes and boots are made annually, and a large amount of leather.
There are also establishments far
the manufacture of morocco leather, cairiages, of various kinds,
brushes, tin and pottery wares.
The soil of Exeter is in general
good, though comprehending every
variety, from that of the best quality to tiie least productive.
Like
most towns in the state, it is essen-
in
1638, by John
Wheel-
wright and other3,who formed themselves into a body politic, chose their
magistrates, and bound the people to
obedience.
Their laws were made
in popular assemblies
and the combination thus entered into subsisted
about three years.
From 1675 to
1712, Exeter, like most of the early
settlements, suffered from the at;
tacks of the Indians.
Hon. Samuel Tenn^ey, M. D
was an original member of the N.
H. Medical Society, its vice president several years, and a member of congress in 1800 and 1804.
Gen.
Nathaniel Peabody
was an original member
H. medical society; was
of the
a
N.
member
of the old congress; a senator of
the N. H. legislature in 1792 ; and
speaker of the house in 1793.
Hon. Nicholas
a
member
Gilman was
of the old congress, and
a senator in congress from
his death in 1814.
Gen.
1805
Nathaniel Folsom
member
to
was
of the old congress, and
a valuable revolutionary officer.
Hon. Jeremiah Smith, a naa
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
of Peterborough, was one of
representatives to congress
under the Federal government, was
appointed Judge of S. C. of N. H.
in 1802, was chief justice, and continued such till 1809, when he was
elected governor.
He was appointed chief justice of S. J. C. in 1813.
live
the
first
Hon. John
Taylor Gilmajv,
a descendant of
one of the princi-
was an active
supporter of the revolution a member of the old congress
filled at
times the offices of representative
and state treasurer; and for fourteen years, between 1794 and 1816,
wss governor of the state.
Exeter has at all periods of its
history possessed eminent and useful men ; and some of the first lawyers and jurists, antiquarians and
scholars, have received their early
education at its literary institution.
Population, 1830, 2,759.
on Lamoille river, at this place,
are singular and worthy of the tra
veller's notice.
The land is generally level and of a good quality.
considerable amount of agricultural products is sent to market, and
about 6,000 sheep are reared. There
are some manufactures at the falls.
Fairfax is a place of considerable
business.
falls
A
pal settlers at Exeter,
Fairfield,
Me.
;
;
Exeter, R.
I.
Washington co. This is an agricultural and manufacturing town,
situated 24 miles S. W. from Providence, and from its centre about 10
miles N. W. from South Kingston.
The town is very large, being 12 by
5 miles.
The
versified
by
surface
hills
is
much
and valleys
a gravelly loam, and
productive of all the varieties
soil
is
mon
;
di-
the
very
com-
the clitaate.
The products
dairy are considerable.
Branches of Wood river give this
of
to
the
town
a good water power, which
well improved by cotton mills and
other manufactories.
Exeter was
incorporated in 1743.
Population,
1830, 2,383.
IS
Fairfax, Vt.
Bounded S. by La37 miles N. W. from
Montpelier, and 12 S. E. from St.
Albans. First settled, 1763. PopFranklin
co.
Somerset
CO. This beautiful townlocated on the W. side of
Kennebec river, and S. of Bloomfield.
Fairfield is the most southern township in the county.
It is
watei-ed by a small stream running
into the Kennebec, and by a branch
of Waterville river.
This town is
ship
is
favored with a fine soil, and navigable privileges to Augusta.
It has
a pleasant
village,
considerable
trade, and, in 1837, produced 11,-
531 bushels of wheat, and a large
quantity of wool. Population, 1837,
2,203.
Distant from Augusta, 26.
miles N., and from Norridgewock,
10 S. E.
Incorporated, 178S.
Fairfield, Vt.
This town was first
It is well watered
by Smithfield pond, Fairfield river.
Black creek, and branches of Missisque river, and abounds in mill
Fairfield has a good strong
sites.
soil and generally suitable for cultivation. It is a pleasant place, with
some trade and considerable manufactures.
It produces good beef
cattle and horses, and pastures about
Franklin co.
settled in 1789.
7,000 sheep.
By Parme1830, 1,729.
lee's and Stone's brooks. Brown's
river, and the Lamoille, this town
enjoys a good water power. The
N. W.
from Montpelier, 27 N. N. E. from
Burlington, and is bounded W. by
St. Albans.
,noille river:
ulation,
Population, 1830, 2,-
Fairfield lies 45 miles
270.
Fairfield County, Ct.
Fairfield and
Danhury
are the
shire towns. This county is bounded N. by Litchfield county, N. E.
and E. by Housatonick river, S. E.
and
S.
by Long Island Sound, and
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
state of New York. This
fanning section of country, asjreeably diversified in regard
to surface, with a strong fertile soil,
and possesses great natural agriculFairlieid county
tural resources.
extends nearly 40 miles on longIsland Sound, and enjoys great facilities for navigation and the tishThe beautiful Housatonick
eries.
washes its noi-theastern boundary,
and the Saugatuck, Norwalk, Mill,
Pequonuck and other rivers afford
The manit an ample water power.
ufacturing interests of the county
It
are valuable and increasing.
W. by the
is
a tine
contains
many
villages of superior
beauty, and abounds in scenery of
an interesting character. First settled, l(>3y. Area, 630 square miles.
Population, 1820, 42,73.9; 1S30,
75 inhabitants to a square
46,950
In 1837 there were in this
mile.
county about 22,000 sheep.
:
Fairlieid, Ct.
Shire town, Fairfield co.
This
ancient and patriotic town comprises three parishes, Fairfield, the
seat of justice. Green's Farms and
Greenfield.
Fairfield lies 21 miles
S.
W.
New Haven, and 5S N.
New York. Population,
fi-om
E. from
1S30, 4,243.
Its
Unquowa.
The
Indian name was
surface of the
town is undulating and very pleasant.
The soil i^ fertile, well cultivated and productive of wheat and
rye, and a great variety of fruits
and vegetables for New York market.
Black Rock harbor is safe and
easy of entrance for vessel? drawing 19 feet of water at common tides.
The tide usually rises in Long Island Sound about 5 feet. There is
but little water power in Fairfield,
except that produced by the tide.
The tonnage of Fairfield district,
in 1837, was 11,983 tons. The principal business in navigation is the
coasting trade.
In the year
the tract of
forms the town
of Fairfield was discovered by cap-
country which
1637,
now
12*
tain
Mason and
the troops of
Mas-
Connecticut under
his command, when they pursued
the Pequots to the swamp in this
town, bearing the name of " Pequot
Swamp." This is the spot made
sachusetts and
memorable by the great fight that
took place there, between those
troops and the Pequots, terminating
in the almost entire destruction of
that once powerful and warlike nation of savages.
There are no In-
dian
marks
left
by
which
this
swamp can be
traced as the place
of their extermination, except a
mound of earth in the centre of it,
considered as a place of safety, evidently the effect of art, with a raised foot path leading from it to the
surrounding high grounds. In that
expedition this region attracted the
notice of adventurers.
In the year
1639 a few families removed hither
from Windsor, commenced a settlement, and, in a short period afterwards, were joined by several perWatertown and Concord,
Mass. After Connecticut obtained
her charter, the general assembly
2:ranted these people a patent, then
including the towns now Reading
and Weston.
Fairfield is distinguished for its
ardent attachment to American liberty, and for its sacrifices during the
contest for independence.
In 1779,
when Tryon, a British governor, demanded a surrender of the town,
sons from
under a threat of its destruction,
the answer of the inhabitants was,
" We will never voluntarily lay
down our arms till we have obtained
the object for which they have been
taken up. The village is in your
power plunder and burn it if you
will, and take along with your plunder the infamy of which it cannot
;
be divested."
" On the 7th July, 1779, goverernor Tryon, with a large and
vengeful army, sailed from New
Haven to Fairfield ; and the next
morning disembarked upon the
beach.
few militia assembled to
A
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
oppose them ; and, in a desultory,
scattered manner, fought with great
intrepidity through most of the day.
They killed some ; took several priBut
soners; and wounded more.
the expedition was so sudden and
unexpected, that the efforts, made
in this manner, were necessarily
The town was plundered ; a great part of the houses, together with the two churches, the
court house, jail, and school houses,
were burnt. The barns had been
just filled with wheat, and other
produce. The inhabitants, therefore, were turned out into the world,
almost literally destitute.
fruitless.
" While the town was in flames,
a thunder storm overspread the heaThe
vens, just as night came on.
conflagration of near two hundred
houses illumined the earth, the
skirts of the clouds, and the waves
of the Sound, with an union of
gloom and grandeur, at once inexawful and magnificent.
pressibly
The sky speedily was hung with
the deepest darkness, wherever the
clouds were not tinged by the melancholy lustre of the flames. At
intervals the lightnings blazed with
The
a livid and terrible splendor.
Beneath,
thunder rolled above.
the roaring of the fires filled up the
intervals with a deep and hollow
sound, which seemed to be the pro-
murmur
of the thunder, reverberated from one end of heaven
Add to this convulto the other.
sion of the elements, and these
dreadful effects of vindictive and
wanton devastation, the trembling
of the earth ; the sharp sound of
muskets, occasionally discharged;
the groans, here and there, of the
wounded and dying ; and the shouts
of triumph: then place before your
eyes crowds of the miserable sufferers, mingled with bodies of the
militia, and from the neighboring
hills taking a farewell prospect of
their property and their dwellings,
their happiness and their hopes;
and you will form a just but impertracted
burning of Fairneeded no great effort of
fect picture of the
field.
It
imagination
day
to
believe that the final
had arrived
amid
morning
would speedily dawn, to which no
night would ever succeed; the
graves yield up their inhabitants
and the trial commence, at which
;
and
that
this funeral darkness, the
was
to
be finally settled the destiny
of man.
" The next morning the troops
re-embarked
and, proceeding to
Green's Farms, set fire to the
church, and consumed it together
with fifteen dwelling houses, eleven barns, and several stores."
;
;
Fairliaveu, Vt.
Rutland
co.
First settled, 1779.
Population, 1830, 675. The soil is
generally productive, particularly
along the banks of the streams. It
is watered by Castleton and Poultney rivers, the former of which receives the waters of lake Bomba-
a large pond between FairCastleton.
On these
streams are considerable falls, and
mill sites.
Fairhaven lies 16 miles
W. from Rutland, and 9 N. E. from
zine,
haven and
Whitehall, N. Y.
Fairliaven, Mass.
Bristol CO.
This pleasant town
was taken from
1812.
river,
New
Bedford, in
across Acushnett
about a mile east of
It lies
New
united to New Bodford by abridge 3,960 feet in length,
and is associated with it in many of
First settled, 1764.
its enterpi-ises.
Population, 1830,
1837,
3,034;
There are 37 vessels be3,649.
longing to this place engaged in
the whale fishery, the tonnage of
The value
which is 11,564 tons.
of whale oil and bone imported into this place the year ending April
The num1, 1837, was $322,272.
ber of hands employed in the fishCapital invested,
ery was 945.
The Acushnett produ$957,000.
ces some water power,on which ara
Bedford.
It is
�NEW ENGLAND
QAZETTEEft.
two cotton millg, a paper mill, and
The
other operations by water.
value of cotton goods, leather, boots,
est ships.
shoes, tin ware, vessels, salt, wooden ware, chairs and cabinet ware
ing vessels.
marine rail-way wa3
constructed here in 1834.
This town has an abundance of
fine granite, equal to the Quiucy.
A rail-road is in progress to meet the
manufactured, amounted
to
§40,363.
Fairlee, Vt.
Orange
co.
A rough and
moun-
tainous township, with very little
productive land, on the west side of
Connecticut river, and connected
with Orford, N. H. by a bridge
across that river.
First settled,
Population, 1830, 656. This
176S.
town lies about 17 miles E. S. E.
from Chelsea, and 31 S. E. from
Montpelier.
Fairlee pond is two miles in length
and about three fourths of a mile
wide.
It formeily had no fish.
Some years ago a gentleman placed
some pickerel in it, and the legislature passed a law protecting the
fish from molestation foi- two years.
Since that time the pond has had
an abundance of pickerel of good
size
Fall River, Blass.
of Troy, in 1S03. It was formerly a part of Freetown. In 1834,
the name was changed to that of
the river within its borders, at the
union of which and Taunton river
the town is very pleasantly situa-
This tov/n is without a paralon the continent of America, in
regard to the union of hydraulic
powers and navigable facilities.
Fall river rises in Wattuppa ponds;
one of which is 11 miles in length
and 1 in breadth. These ponds are
produced by perpetual springs, and
lie about two miles east of the town.
The descent of this v'witv is 136
The volume of water is confeet.
stant, not liable to excess, and of
ted.
lel
power for the
largest
A
Boston and Providence, at Seekonk,
13 miles.
The Pocasset Hotel, belonging
to a company of gentlemen, is a
splendid building, constructed in
1833.
No house in the country affords better accommodations.
regular steamboat line is established between this place and Piovidence
distance, by
water, 28
A
:
—
miles.
The value
of the manufactures
for the year ending
April 1, 1837, amounted to ^2,863,378, exclusive of large nianufactures of machinery, iron hoops and
rods, stoves, brass, copper, and tin
The ten cotton mills prowares.
duced 7,767,614 yards of cloth, val-
of Fall River
The
valued
This town took the
name
sufficient
It
ued at $668,028. The woolen mill
produced 150,000 yards of cloth,
and quality.
Bristol CO.
Six ships from this port
engaged in the whale fishery.
has also some merchant and coast-
are
man-
at
ticles
manufactured consisted
other arof
leather, boots, shoes, iron castings,
hats, nails, chairs, cabinet ware
and vessels. The two print ivorks
printed twelve millici yards of calThe number of hands emico.
ployed in all the factories Avas 1,819.
The product of the whale fi.shery,
the same year, was $68, TOO. Hands
employed in the fishery, 120.
Fall River lies 49 miles S. from
Boston, 17 S. from Taunton, 14 W.
Bedford, IS S. E. from
from
Providence, R. I. and 190 E. from
New York. Population, in 1820,
1,594; 1830, 4,159; 1837, 6,352.—
The surface of Fall River is elevated, rough and uneven, and considered a healthy location for a manufacturing town.
New
ufactories.
Falmoutli; Me.
The harbor on Taunton
river is
safe and easy of access, and of sufficient depth of water for the larg-
$180,000.
Cumberland co. This is a pleastown at the head of Casco bay.
ant
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
6 miles N. from Portland, and 47 S.
W. {"roin Augusta. It is watered
by Presumscut river, and has a number of vessels employed in coasting
and fishino;. The soil on the whole
coast of Maine is not so fertile as in
the interior parts of the state, yet
Falmouth comprises a considerable
quantity of good land.
The town
was incorporated as early as 1718,
and included the territory of the
city of Portland until 1783.
Population, 1837, 2,0(JS.
Falnioutli, Mass.
Barnstable co. A pleasant town on
Vineyard Sound. There are belongin:^ to this towri 9 whale-ships, and
about 40 sail in the coasting trade and
fi-^hery.
Two streams afford a watei- power, on which are two woolen mills and other manufactories.
There are about 40 ponds in this
town, some salt and some fresh
these, with the views of the islands
in the Sound, form a variety of
:
—
agreeable scenery. "Wood's Hole"
harbor, at the S. W. extremity of
the town, is a good harbor and
much frequented by vessels, and by
invalids in search of health.
The
value of oil imported into Falmouth,
the year ending April 1, 1837,
amounted to $146,600. The value
of vessels, salt, woolen goods, boots,
shoes and leather, manufactured the
same year, was ,"158,657. Falmouth
lies 71 miles S. E. by E. from Boston, and 22 S. W. from Barnstable.
*' Woods' Hole " is 4 miles W. from
the centre of
the
town
and
«' Holmes'
Hole" harbor, on Martha's Vineyard, is 6 miles S.
Population, 1837, 2,580.
Incorporated,
1688.
;
Parmiugtou; Me.
of justice.
Farther up the Sandy,
about 5 miles, is anothei' beautiful
village, the seat of a nourishing
academy. The soil of Farmington
being of a superior quality, the
inhabitants are induced to devote
much attention to agricultural pursuits yet it is a place of some manufactures, and considerable trade in
lumber and other merchandize.
The agricultural products of Fai-mington are various and valuable.
in 1S37 it produced 12,400 bushels
of as good wheat as ever grew on
Incorporatthe banks of the Ohio.
ed, 1794.
Population, 1837, 2,507.
;
Farmington,
'N.
H.,
Strafford co., was formerly a part
of Rochester, but was incorporated
a? a distinct town, Dec. 1, 1798.
It lies 36 miles E. N. E. from Concord, and 17 N. W. by ,N. from
Dover.
The
through the N.
The Blue hills
extend nearly
under different
Cocheco
meanders
E. partof the town.
or Frost mountains
through the town
names. From the
summit of the ridge in the S. E.
part, ships may be seen by the na-
ked eye off Portsmouth harbor ;
while to the N. and W. the White
Plills and the Monadnock, with hundreds of smaller mountains, meet
the eye of the beholder.
Thei-e is,
not far from the village in Farmington, a rock supposed to weigh
from 00 to 80 tons, so exactly poised on other rocks, that it may be
caused to vibrate several inches by
the hand.
At the bank of the Cocheco, a little more than a mile S.
E. from the principal village, is a
place
called
the Dock,
so
named
from the circumstance that the
settlers usually deposited their
ber here
to
be floated
down
first
lum-
the riv-
County town of Franklin CO. This er. This name is some times ignovery beautiful town lies 29 miles rantly applied to the village.
Hon. Aaron Wingate, for maN. W. from Augusta, and is watered by Sandy and Little Norridge- ny years a member of the legislarivers.
At the union of these
rivers are excellent mill privileges,
and a delightful village, the seat
wock
ture, a counsellor from 1797 to 1803,
and for sometime chief-justice of
the
common
pleas in Strafford, died
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
here in 1S22, aged 78 years.
Pop-
Farmiugtou,
Hartfoi'J
The
CO.
Ct.
first
settlers
of this town were from Hartford,
being emigrants fVom the neighborhood of l^oUon, Mass. They located themselves, in 1640, on the luxui-iant meadows of the Tunxis, or
Farmington river, 10 miles W. from
The township was purHartford.
chased of the Tunxis Indians, a numerous and waiiike tribe. At its
incorporation, in 1615, the township
comprised hfteen miles .square ;
since which the pleasant towns of
Southington, Berlin, Bristol, Burlington and Avon have been taken
from the original territory of Farmingfon.
Farmington river rises in the high
lands in the N. part of Litchtield
county, and after meandeiing delightfully through the towns of
New Hartford and Burlington, in a
S. E. direction, it changes its course
at Farmington to the N., and passing Avon and Simsbury to the border of Granby, it again turns abruptly to the E. and meets the ConThis is a
necticut at Windsor.
beautiful and fertilizing stream, and
gives to the towns through which
it passes, but particularly to Farmington, large tracts of rich alluvial
meadows.
Farmington
village
is
which covered the whole of the
present n^.eadows. The population
of Farmingron has varied but little
from 2,000\vithin the last 30 years.
ulation, 1330, 1,465,
a delight-
on an elevated plain, surrounded by high hills. The street
is about two miles in length, beaucontains, betifully shaded, au
sides two churches and an academy, about 100 neat dwelling houses,
some of which are tasteful and eleThe Farmington canal passgant.
es through the village.
Fayette, Me.
This town conco.
some beautiful ponds and is
the source' of a branch of Sandy
It lies 17 miles W. N. W.
river.
from Augusta, and is bounded E. by
Kennebec
tains
Incorporated, 1795.
Readtield.
This is a
Population, 1837, 1,006.
good township of land ; it produced,
in 1837, 4,438 bushels of wheat and
some wool.
Fayston, Vt.
Washington
co.
Fayston
is
gen-
erally too mountainous to be much
Along the borders of
cultivated.
some of the branches of Mad river,
here, is some arable
l6 miles W. S. W.
from Montpelier, and 25 S. E. from
First settled, 1793.
Burlino-ton.
Population, 1830, 458.
which
land.
rise
It lies
Ferdinand, Vt.
Essex
tered
square
CO.
This town was charand contains 23
1761,
miles;
in
it
is
bounded
S.
stream
affords it a good water power, but
the land is ?o mountainous, rocky,
cold and swampy that people do not
choose to cultivate it.
E.
by Maidstone.
Paul's
Fei'risburgli, Vt.
ful place,
i
Round
Hill,
near the village,
osity.
It
rises
in
is
the
meadows,
a natural curi-
abruptly,
to
the
height of 60 feet, is nearly circular
It
in its form and covers 12 acres.
is thought that this hill was formerly an island in the centre of a lake,
Addison
co.
This township pos-
sesses a good soil, an excellent water power by Otter, Little Otter
and Lewis creeks ; and navigable
privileges on the waters of the outlets of those creeks and lake ChamBasin Harbor in this town
plain.
from
is deep and well protected
winds, and is a place of considerable navigation and comm.ercial importance. Across the lake to Essex,
N. Y. is about t\vo miles. Large
crops of grain are produced here,
and Ferrisburgh is noted for its fine
butter, cheese, pork, and fat cattle.
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
There
are some woolen and other
Fitz William, W. H.
mnnufactures on its streams, and
Cheshire CO. Fitzwilliam lies 13
about 10,000 sheep graze in its pasmiles S. E. from Keene, 60 S. W,
tures.
Large quantities of fish are
from Concord, and 65 N. W. from
annually taken in the season of
Boston.
Camp and Piiest brooks,
spring.
First settled, 17S4.
Pop- running
in a S. direction, are the
ulalion, 1S30, 1,822.
Ferrisburgh
principal streams.
South pond, 230
lie^ li) miles S. from Burlington,
rods long and of various width
16 N. W. from Middlebury, and 34
Sip's pond, 200 rods long and 100
W. from Montpelier.
wide Rockwood's pond and Col;
FitcSibiirgli,
"Worcester co.
first granted
wa?
Mass.
This township
by " the Great
and General Court of His Majesty's
Province of Massachusetts Bay,
Nov. 4, 1719." The township thus
granted included the territory of
gome of the neighboring towns.
The town was
A
incorporated in 1764.
large branch of the
pond, are the only natural collections of water.
The surface of
this town is hilly
the foil is rocky.
There is a con;-iderable quantity of
very productive and highly valualin's
Nashua and
:
ble meadow land.
The soil is suitable for grazing and tillage.
Beef,
pork, butter and cheese are the sta-
The farmers have of late turned their attention to the raising of
sheep. Near the centi-e of the town
is a large hill, remarkable for the
beautifully I'omantic prospect it afples.
two smaller streams pass through
the town, and afford it an extensive
and constant water power.
Over fords.
Gap mountain, which at a
the Nashua, in the distance of two
distance, appears to be a part of the
miles, are eleven dams for the acMonadnock, and on which are found
commodation of manufactories. This
various kinds of stones suitable for
is a very ilourishing town, and exwhetstones, lies partly in Troy and
hibits in a striking
manner the
ef-
water power on the increase,
wealth and respectability of many
of our interior towns.
There are
fect of
many
valuable
place
still
mill
sites
unimproved.
at this
In
the
in^.mediate vicinity of the principal
village is an immense quarry of ex-
cellent granite.
This town
lies
47
miles W. N. W. from Boston, 24 N.
from Worcester, 30 W. by S. from
Lowell, and 60 N. E. from Spring-
There
are in Fitchburgh 4
cotton, 3 woolen, and 2 paper mills.
The manufactures for the year endfield.
ing April
1,
1837,
amounted
to
^4-29,640.
The manufactures consisted of cotton and woolen goods,
paper, leather, boots, shoes, hats,
scythes, bellows, palm-leaf hats,
straw bonnets, chairs, tin and cabinet wares.
The surface of the
town
is hilly, but the soil is strong
and productive. Population, 1830,
2,169; 1837,2,662.
partly in the N. E. part of 'Fitzwilliam.
Population, 1830, 1,229.
Flctclier, Vt.
Franklin co.
There are some
small streams in this town and some
manufacturing operations. The soil
is broken, hard, and not very productive.
It lies 22 miles N. N. E
fi-om Montpelier,and about 18 S. E
from St. Albans. Population, 1830,
793.
Florida, Mass.
A
Berkshire co.
mountainous
township, 125 miles W, by N.from
Boston, 27 N. N. E. from Lenox,
and 7 E. from Adams. Florida is
watered by Deerfield river, and exhibits some fine Alpine scenery.
Population, 1837, 457. Inc. 1805.
Foster, R.
I.
Providence co. This is a large agricultural and mauufacturing town.
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
bank
by Hemlock brook, very pleasantly located on the
Moo^up rivers. of the rfver, and has the appearance
Poaongansett and
Foxcroft lies 77
The sm-face of the town, in many of prosperity.
Augusta.
rough and uneven, but the niile^ N. N. E. from
parts, is
finely watered
I
|
well calculated for the proIn the westductions of the dairy.
ern part are extensive forests of valuable timber. There are a number
of pleasant villages on the borders
of the numerous streams, most of
soil is
Population, 1830, 677; 1837,907.
Incorporated, 1812.
Fox
See Vinalhaven.
Framingliam, Mass.
are largely engaged in manufacturing operations, particularly of
cotton. "'Foster was tirst settled in
which
1717;
named
incorporated
in
in
compliment
1781,
to the
A
large and flourMiddlesex co.
ishing manufacturing town, v*ith a
20
fine soil, and pleasant ponds:
miles W. S. W. from Boston, and 13
—
and
Hon.
W. from Concord. The ponds
and Sudbury river give this town a
The value of
o-ood waterpower.
The maauiactures, the year ending
April 1, 1837, amounted to $i21,S. S.
formerly a
senator of the United States. It lies
15 miles W. by S. from Providence,
and 50 E. froin Hartford, Ct. Pop-
Theodore Foster,
ulation, 1830, 2,672.
The
111.
Foiborongli, Blass.
Norfolk CO. This town was
It is
en from Dorchester in 177S.
watered by Rumford and Cocasset
rivers, branches of the Taunton, on
which are milh of various kinds.
The manufactures of Foxborouidi
the year ending April 1, 1S37,
amounted to $231,136 :— they consisted of cotton and woolen goods,
valued
ful
lies
at
cloth,
$311,800; boots, shoes,
town, and a'pproached by the
It has
rail-road with great case.
become an agreeable resort forfishing, fowling^and other rural sports.
Population, in
Incorporated, 1700.
I
1
1
1
j
1830, 2,313
i
24
miles S. S.W. from Boston, 15 S. from
Dedham, and 13 E. N. E. from
Providence. Pt. I. Population, 1830,
1,099; 1837,1,416.
This town
Piscataquis co.
uated on the north side of PiscataThe
quis river, opposite to Dover.
of prosoil of the town is capable
ducing all the varieties common to
A part of Sebec pond
the cUmate.
in the north parj*: of tiie town.
lies
1837, 2,831.
i
Hillsborough co.
It is
12 miles
N. W. from Amherst, and 27 S. V/.
from Concord. The two S. branches
j
of the Piscataquog rise in this (own ;
the largest branch from Pleasant
Poxcroft, Me.
is sit-
;
Frasicestown, K. H.
|
Foxborough
manufactured
leather, hats, paper,($48,000) straw
bonnets, chairs, tin and cabinet
wares. Framingham is a delight-
boots, shoos, leather, iron castings,
straw bonnets, shovels, spades, hoes
forks.
articles
were 2GS,640 yards of woolen
tak-
and
Islands, Me.
i
pond, the other from Haunted pond.
The former branch passes near the
Pleasant
village in Franceslown.
and Haunted ponds are con;nderablc
The land is
collections of water.
uneven, and in many parts stony,
but the quaUties of the soil are
warm and moist. There are some
very
of wheat was small intervales, which are
In 1837, 5,574 bushels
About 7,000 she^p
This i^. a fine section of productive.
raised.
The streams of wacountry for the growth of beef and are kept here.
settled in ter are not large, and almost every
Foxcroft was first
wool.
situated on rivers that take
1305, and was named in compliment mill is
withE. Foxcroft. their rise from hills and ponds
to the Hon. Joseph
The
limits of the town.
with an academy, is in the
The
village,
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
highest land is Crotched mountain,
the summit of which is more than
600 feet above the level of the
common in the centre of the town.
One
of the
summits of
this
moun-
covered with wood ; the other
is almost a solid ledge of rocks, affording a very extensive prospect to
tain
is
W. There is in the easterly part of this town a very extensive and valuable quarry of freethe S.
It is of a dark greyish coland when polished strongly resembles the variegated marble of
Vermont.
In the N. part of this
town black lead has been found of
a good quality
and in the S. part
some beautiful specimens of rock
crystal.
The common garnet is
On
met with in various places.
the N. side of Haunted pond, there
stone.
or,
—
bar of 20 rods in length, 6 feet
high, and .3 or 4 feet through ; but
for what purpose or by what means
is a
this barrier
was
raised,
is
a
matter
of conjecture only.
The local situation of this town is very eligible
for business, being near the centre
of the county, and on the great
thoroughfare from Windsor to Boston, and on a leading road from the
S. ¥>''. part of the state to Concord.
The village is very pleasant, neatly
huilt and flourishing. Francestown
derived its name from Frances, the
wife of the last Gov. Wentworth.
The fir.-t settlement was made about
1760, by John Carson, a Scotch-
man.
Mr. James
Woodbury, who
died March 3, 1823, at the age of
85, closed his life in this town. He
Was an active soldier in the old
French war, and engaged by the
side of Gen. Wolfe, when he was
killed at the memorable siege of
Quebec. He was one of the truly
inviiieible rangers under the immortal Stark, and discharged CA^ery
duty in a prompt and courageous
manner. Population, 183'0, 1541.
JPraiiconia,
Grafton co.
It is
'N,
H.
28 miles N* E.
from Haverhill, and 74 N. from
Concord.
large proportion of
this town is mountainous.
Its
streams are branches of the Lower
Amonoosuck river, and rise on the
A
mountainous
tracts to the east.
are several ponds
one of
which, called Ferrin's pond, is the
source of the middle branch of Pem-
Here
igewasset river.
:
The mountains
adjoining the Notch, through which
the road passes, are most conspicuous.
These are called Mounts La
Fayette and Jackson.
On the latter is the celebrated " Profile, " or
" Old Man of the Mountain." It is
situated on a peak of solid rock,
1,000 feet in height and almost perpendicular.
On this peak, nature,
in her wildest mood, exhibits the
profile of the human face, of which
every feature is delineated with
W'onderful exactness.
The Franconia mountain pass presents to the
traveller some of the wildestscenery in our country, and must ever remain a great thoroughfare between
the upper waters of the Connecticut river and the ocean.
There are two iron establish-
ments in this town.
The lower
works are situated on the S. branch
Amonoosuck river, and are owned by the New Hampshij-e Iron
Factory Company; incorporated,
Dec. 18, 1805, which was composed
of
principally of gentlemen in Salem
and Boston.
Their establishment
is very extensive, consisting of a
blast furnace, erected in 1808, an
air furnace, a forge and trip-hammer shop. There are also near, or
connected with the establishment,
grain and saw-mills, a large store,
several shops, and other buildings,
vv'hich make a small village.
The
ore is obtained from a mountain in
the east part of Lisbon, N. H., three
miles from the furnace, and is considered the richest in the United
States, yielding from 5G to 63 per
cent ; and the mine is said to be inexhaustible.
First settled, 1774.
Population,1830, 447.
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
Franlvfort, Me.
Waldo
CO.
;
This excellent town-
ship of land is situated on the W.
side of Penobscot river, 57 miles
N. E. by E. from Augusta, 12 S.
from Bangor, and IS N. from BelIt is well watered by Marsh
on which are two beautiful
fast.
river,
The
villages.
largest
village
is
near the Penobscot, on Marsh bay.
The other village is at the head of
the tide, on Marsh river, about 4
miles S. W. from the Penobscot, and
with excellent
is accommodated
The
location of
Frankfort is exceeding favorable to
the navigation and trade of Penobscot river, particularly so in the
winter season, a? it is the highest
point on the river to which vessels
can ascend during the icy season of
The prospects of Frankthe year.
fort in its commercial and agricultural pursuits are very promising
indeed it bids fair to become an important depot on one of our largest
rivers.
Among the agricultural
products of this town, in 1837, was
9,33v0 bushels of wheat.
Populamill
privileges.
tion, 1830, 2,487
;
1837,3,223.
In-
corporated, 1789.
Fraulvliii
of Oxford and Industry, NewVineyard, Strong, Avon, Pliillips, Freeman, Salem, Kingfield, townships
numbered four in the first range
west of Kingfield, three and four
in the second range, and the south
half of township numbered four in
the third range of the Bingham
Purchase, in the county of Somerset, be and hereby are, &:c."
This county is therefore bounded
N. by Lower Canada, E. by the
county of Somerset, S. by Kennebec and Oxford counties, and W. by
County, Me.
Oxford county. This county has
no navigable waters, but is interspersed with numerous ponds and
mill streams.
Its surface is generally undulating, with some mounIts soil, for the most
tainous tracts.
part, is excellent, and cannot fail
in remunerating the industrious farmer by its products of wheat, beef,
and wool.
FTaiiklln County, Vt.
St. Albans, county town.
This
county is bounded N. by Lower
Canada, E. by Orleans count}', S.
E. and S. by Lamoille county, S.
by Chittenden county, and W.
by lake Champlain. Incorporated,
1792.
Population,
The Missisque
Farmington is the county town.
This'county was incorporated March
the
20, 1S3S.
section.
The following is the legislative
description of its territory:
" The towns of
Sharon,
Chesterville, Wilton, Temple and
Farmington in the county of Ken-
New
nebec
;
and Jay, Carthage, Weld,
Berlin, Madrid, townships numbered six, letter E. and D. in the county of Oxford, thence extending
northerly from the north.-west corner of letter D. on the line betwixt townships numbered three
and four, through the several ranges of townships to Canada line, so
a'* to include three tiers of townships west of the west line of the
Bingham Purchase in said county
J3
1830, 22,034.
river passes through
part of the county,
northern
and the Lamoille
The
its
most southern
principal part of the
trade of this county goes to Canada,
by lake Champlain, which
it
many
facilities in
affords
transportation.
Although the surface
is
somewhat
broken and in some parts mountainous, yet the soil
wheat and
grass.
is
productive of
JNIany cattle are
annually taken from this county to
market, and in 1837 it had 63,000
sheep.
In this county, marble and
iron ore of excellent qualities are
found.
Fraukliii County, Mass.
Greenfield, county town. Bounded N. by Windham county, Vt.,and
a part of Cheshire county, N.
H
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
E. by Worcester county, S. by
Hampshire county, and W. by Berk-
Area, 650 square
shire county.
The Connecticut river passmiles.
es nearly through the centre of this
county. It produces, in great abundance, all sorts of grain, fruits and
vegetables common to its climate ;
and exports considerable quantities
of beef, pork, and products of the
dairy.
Manufactures are increasing in value and importance ; and
this county yields to no other in the
state in the extent of its hydraulic
powers, or in the richness and variety of its scenery. There are 44
inhabitants to a square mile. Chief
rivers, Connecticut, Deerfield, and
Taken from Hampshire
Miller's.
county in 1811. Population, 1820,
29,268; 1830, 29,344; 1837,28,655.
The value of the manufactures of
this county, for the year ending
April 1, 1837, was $787,900. The
value of wool grown, the product
of 55,713 fleeces, was $70,513.
Franklin, Me.
Hancock
co.
Franklin
lies at
the
head of Taunton bay, the most
northerly waters of Frenchman's
It is bounded S. by Sullivan,
bay.
and contains several large ponds
and good mill sites. Franklin is
about 15 miles E. from Ellsworth.
Population, 1837, 474. Incorporated, 1825.
streams an extensive and valuable
water power. It is probable that
within a few years the river will
be rendered navigable, by means
of locks and canals, as far up as
Franklin, in which event it would
become one of the most flourishing
inteiior
co.
in
New
Hampshire.
Vt.
Fraiiltliii,
This town was formerly called Huntsburgh, and was
tirst settled in 1789.
It lies 50
miles N, W. fiom Montpelier, 17
N. N. E. from St. Albans, and
bounded N. by Canada. The surface of the town is rough, but the
soil is tolerably well adapted for
sheep, of which about 3,500 are
Franklin
kept.
co.
Population, 1830, 1,129.
Franltlin, Mass.
Norfolk CO. Charles river and
its branches afford Franklin a good
water power. It was taken from
Wrenthamin 1778. There are live
cotton mills in the town, and manufactures of straw bonnets, shoes,
boots, boxes and boats total amount
of manufactures in one year, $210,472, of which $160,186 were for
;
straw bonnets, for which this town
celebrated. Franklin lies 27 miles
S. W. by S. from Boston, and 17 S.
Population,
S. W. from Dedham.
1837, 1,696.
is
Franlclin, N. H.
Merrimack
towns
Population, in 1830, 1,370.
Fraiililiiij Ct.
This town was
New
London
CO.
Shetucket
riv-
incorporated in 1S2S, from parts of
the towns of Salisbury, Andover,
is 18
Sanbornton, and Nortbfield
miles from Concord, 63 from Portsmouth, and 73 from Boston. Franklin is a place of considerable and
incz-easing business; has a cotton
factory, two paper nulls, an iron
foundry, and other manufacturing
The junction of
establishments.
er separates tliis town from Lisbon.
The surface of Franklin is uneven;
the soil a gravelly loam, more fit
he
ford,
:
Winnepisiogee and Pemigewasthis town, foitu the
noble Merrimack, creating on both
set rivers, in
for
grazing than
tillage.
There
is
a woolen factory on Beaver brook,
a branch of the Shetucket, but the
chief business of the people is rearing sheep, and other agricultural
Population, 1830, 1,194.
pursuits.
It lies 34 miles E. S. E. from Hart-
and 7 N. by W. from Norwich.
Franklin was taken from Norwich
in 1786.
�NEW ENGLAND
FreetoTrn, Mass.
Freedom, Me.
Waldo
CO.
Previous
I
to its incor-
poration, in 1313, the territor}^ of
Freedom was called " Beaver Hill."
It i^ a
It was first settled in 1794,
good township of land, and bound-
Albion, and E. by Knox.
about 20 miles E. S. E. from
Belfast, and 25 N. E. from AuicusFreedom, in 1837, with a popta.
ulation of 1,058, produced 6,084
bushels of wheat.
ed
W. by
It is
Freedom, X. H.
This town, formerStrafford co.
ly JVorih Ejfingham, was incorporated by its present name, Dec. 6,
It is an uneven township,
1832.
It is
but has some good farms.
bounded
in part
by the Ossipee
lake,
and river, which discharge eastwardly into the Saco. Distant 60
miles N. N.E. from Concord. Population, in 1833, about 900.
Freeman, Me.
Franklin co. This small town
of only 17,000 acres, most of which
woodland, with a population
is
of 805, produced 6,485 bushels of
wheat
in
1337.
Freeman
is
the
source of a small branch of Sandy
It lies 62 miles N. W. from
river.
Augusta, and 15 N. from Farmington.
Freeport, Me.
Cumberland CO. This is a respecttown with a plea'-.nnt village,
able
and small harbor at the head of Casco bay, on the road from Portland
to Brunswick, 18 miles N. by E.
from the former, 9 S. W. from the
latter, and 36 S. S. W. from AugusFreeport was taken from North
ta.
Yarmouth in 1789, and was formerly called the Harrasecket Settlement, from the name of the river
This is a
that passes through it.
place of some navigation, ship building, and agricultural enterprize.
Population, 1S37, 2,659.
GAZETTEER.
Bristol CO.
This tow^n
lies
on the
E. side of Taunton river, 8 miles
S. from Taunton, 12 N. by W. from
New Bedford, and 40 S. from BosIncorFirst settled, 1659.
ton.
Population, 1837,
porated, 1633.
It is watered by a branch
1,779.
of Taunton river, and has some navigation. The manufactures of Freetown consist of iron castings, cut-
axes, shovels, spades, hoes,
nails, leather, boots, shoes,
vessels, chairs, and cabinet ware.
Total amount, in one year, $43,820.
The soil is light, and keeps, among
other cattle, about 1,000 sheep.
lery,
forks,
French. River.
This river rises in Leicester, Mass.
It passes through Auburn, Oxford,
and Dudley; it then enters the state
of Connecticut and joins the Quin-
ebaugh
at
Thompson. Some French
protestants settled on this river in
1635.
Frencliman'8 Bay, Me.
This important bay, in the county
of Hancock, containing a number
of excellent harbors and beautiful
is bounded W. by Baker's
one of the Cranberry islands,
and E. by a peninsula in Goldsborough, on the W. side of which is
islands,
island,
The distance
INIusquito harbor.
across this bay, from Baker's island
to Goldsborough point, is 10 miles.
This bay juts in from the Atlantic
ocean about 20 miles, and is environed by the towns of Eden, Trenton,
Hancock, Franklin, Sullivan,
and Goldsborough, and is the recipIt
ient of many valuable streams.
is easy of access, never obstructed
by ice, and is one of the best retreats
in a storm on the American coast.
Friendsbip, Me.
Lincoln co. This is an Atlantic
town, containing several islands, at
head of Muscongus bay. It
was formerly called the Meduncook
the
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
Settlement, as lying between a rivname and the Muscongus.
Friendship is a place of considerable navigation and trade.
It lies
48 miles S. E. from Augusta, and
10 miles S. W. from Vv^arren. Population, 1837, 662.
er of that
Fryelmrgii, Me.
Oxford CO. This interesting and
pleasant town lies on both sides of
Saco river, on the line of
Hampshire.
The uplands are not
remarkable for their fertility, but
the intervales on the Saco are of the
choicest kind.
Fryeburgh is only 6
miles square, yet the Saco here is
so fantastic in its course that it winds
itself between .30 and 40 miles within its limits.
This town, the Indian
Pequawket, lies 75 miles W. N. W.
from Augusta, 47 N. W. from Port-
New
land, and 28 S.
W.
from Paris.
Population, 1837, 1,444.
Incorpo-
rated, 1777.
The principal village
is situated on a plain, surrounded by
lofty hills, and watered by the Saco it bears evident marks of anti:
quity, and has an academy *' with
a cabinet of rare curiosities, collected with much diligence."
Lovewell's pond lies a short distance
This beautiful
from the village.
sheet of water, now the resort for
innocent amusements, was once the
scene of bloody combat, and of the
overthrow of a powerful Indian
They fought
till Lovewell and Paugus were killed, and all Lovewell's
men but nine were either killed or
wounded dangerously.
The savages having lost, as was supposed,
60 of their number out of 80, and
being convinced of the fierce and
determined resolution of their foes,
at length retreated and left thera
masters of the ground. The scene
of this desperate and bloody action,
took place in the town which
called Fryeburgh, is often
visited with interest to this day,
and the names of those who fell,
and those who survived, are yet repeated with emotions of grateful
exultation."
which
is
now
Fundy, May
of.
This bay washes a part of the
Maine and as it
is an important channel of commerce between the United States
and the British provinces of New
Brunswick and Nova Scotia, it may
be useful to notice it. This large
and important bay sets up N. E.
round cape Sable, the most southern point of Nova Scotia, in N. lat.
43° 24', W. Ion. 65° 39', and crosseastern shore of
;
es to the shore of Maine a little W.
of Frenchman's bay.
From the
mouth of Frenchman's bay to Cape
Sable is about 150 miles ; from
Eastport to St. John's, N. B. is 60
miles from St. John's to Annapolis, in a bay of that name, on the
tribe.
The story of LoveiveU's Fight Nova Scotia side, is 40 miles from
has been told thousands of times, thence to Halifax, by land, is 80
From Eastport direct to
but as it is identified with the town miles.
of which we treat, we quote a brief Annapolis, across the bay, is about
The Bay of Fundy is
notice of the event from the North 70 miles.
divided near its head by cape ChigAmerican Review.
" It was on the 18th of April, necto. The N. W. part is called
1725, that Capt. John Love well, of Chignecto bay ; the S. E. part the
Dunstable, Massachusetts, with 34 Basin of Mines. From Eastport to
men, fought a famous Indian chief, Cumberland, at the head of Chignamed Paugus, at the head of about necto bay, is about 170 miles; to
80 savages, near the shores of a V/indsor, at the head of the Basin
From
Lovewell's of Mines, is about 150.
pond in Pequawket,
men were determined to conquer Windsor to Halifax in N. lat. 44°
or die, although out-numbered by 39' 20", W. Ion. 63° 36' 40", is 45
the Indians more than one half. miles.
;
;
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
good
bay with prevail, and the absence of
ha-bors between Eastport and St.
our friends and neighbors, the EngWhile John's, and from St. John's to cape
lish, is very considerable.
The commerce on
this
Chignecto, render the navigation
they receive bread stuffs and other
difficult and often dangerous.
productions of our soil, we are inThe harbor of St. John's is easy
vast quantities
debted to them for
exsharp- of access, safe, and of sufficient
of grindstones and gypsum to
fleet of any draught
and renovate the soil. panse for a large
en our tools
The city of St. John's
The gypsum is principally from the of water.
contains about 15,000 inhabitants.
Basin of Mines;— it lies embedded
the
shores It is located at the outlet of
in elevated masses along the
of the bay
;— it
is
whose name
great river
easily quarried
it
bears, in
45° 20', W. Ion. 66°. This
It
city is a very flourishing place.
largest resource for timber and
is the
lumber that Queen Victoria has in
N.
and taken on board of vessels by
the sides of the cliffs. This gypsum
doubtful
is of a tine quaUty, and it is
whether any has been discovered
in our own country as good.
The grindstones from Cumberland, or Chignecto bay, are every
lat.
her possessions.
St. John's river rises in Canada
and the northern part of Maine. It
Madawaska, St. Franwhere celebrated. The source is receives the
many other valthe manufacture cis, Aroostook, and
inexhaustible, and
uable tributaries, from Maine; it
immense.
portion of its northThe tides in the bay of Fundy waters a large
many valua greater ern territory, and bears
are supposed to rise to
productions of that state to its
height than in any other part of the able
" This river is 350 miles
Their elevation increases mouth.
world.
long the tide flows up about 80
At Eastas you ascend the bay.
for boats 200
at St. John's miles ; it is navigable
port they rise 25 feet
Windsor, miles, and for sloops of 50 tons 80
80 at Cape Split, 55 at
This river and its branches
miles.
60, and at Cumberland, at the head
excellent
they rise to the water a large tract of
of Chignecto bay,
country. About 30 miles from its
enormous height of 71 feet. These
commences a fine level countides announce themselves some mouth
by a try of rich meadow lands,well clothtime before their approach,
The river furnishsound resembling that of a rushing ed with timber.
bass
dash against es a great quantity of salmon,
wind in a forest they
About a mile above
sturgeon.
the shore with a reddish hue, the and
city of St. John's is the only
color of the clay bottom over which the
entrance into this river. It is about
violence
they pass, with frightful
80 or 100 yards wide, 400 yards
at tirst, to the height of from 8 to
of the river.
all within long, called the falls
10 feet, overwhelming
It being narrow, and a ridge of rocks
their reach.
bottom of the
There are but few islands with- running across the
and a channel, on which there are not
Grand Menan,
in this bay.
feet of water, it is not sufcluster of small islands round it, off above 17
;
;
;
;
:
;
ficiently spacious to discharge the
the river above.
near Eastport, are the principal. fresh waters of
The common tides here rising above
belong to the British.
They
waters of the river at
small island about 5 miles off the 20 feet, the
water are about 20 feet higher
S. W. part of cape Chignecto, call- low
of the sea ; at high
ed Isle de Haut, contains beauti- than the waters
water the waters of the sea are
ful specimens of asbestos.
of
The rapidity of the tides within about 5 feet higher than those
frequently the river so that at every tide there
this bay, the fogs whicJi
West Quoddy Head,and Campo Bello,
A
:
13*
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
are
two
falJs, one outwards
and one
inwards. The only time of
passing with safety is when the
waters
of the river and of the sea
are
superior architecture.
Population
1837, .3,709.
The present^popS
tion is about 5,000.
lev-
el, which is twice
in a tide, and
continues only about 20
minutes
each time."
Frederickton, the capital of New
Brunswick,
iTiiles
S',
from
W.
Ion.
Gardner, Mass.
Worcester co. Otter river, a
congiderable stream, a branch
of Miller's river, rises partly
in this town,
and affords good mill seats.
On this
river is some good intervale
land •
the high lands are rough,
but good
or grazing.
The value of palm-
on this river, 80
mouth, in N, lat 46°
6G° 45'.
lies
its
Gardiaei", Me.
ieat
Kennebec co.
Gardiner was formerly a part of Pittston, and lies
on the W. side of Kennebec river,
6 miles S. from Au.crusta, and 4 below Hallowell. It is located at the
hats,
straw bonnets, chairs
wooden wares, leather, boots and shoes,
manufactured
in one year, amounted
to $132,272.
The cabinet ware and chairs
amounted to $109,000.
Gardner
was incorporated in 1785, and
lies
54 miles N. W. by W. from Boston
and 23 N. W. by N. from
Worcescabinet and
head of large navigation, and in regard to its commerce, manufacturing and agricultural interests,
it is
considered one of the most flourishter.
Population, 1837, 1,276.
ing towns in Maine. It was
incorchurch was formed here
porated in 1S03, and was named
in
in
and the Rev. Jonathan Osgood
honor of Dr. Sylvester Gardi- 1786,
was ordained. He died in 1825
KER, one of the proprietors of the
af-
A
old
Plymouth
ter sustaining the vocations
of
patent.
The Cobbessecontee waters meet
the Kennebec river at this
place,
and produce a water power of
usefulness and extent.
mills for sawing
lumber of
are
all di-
mensions, and here are vessels of
from SO to 120 tons burthen, lading
It
for transportation to
its various
are also manuf\ictures of various other kinds.
This
markets.
Here
town, Hallowell and Augusta,lie in
a most favored section of our
country.
What we have said in regard
to the location of Hallowell
and
Augusta, may be applied to Gardiner.
These towns are on the same
side of a noble river, united
by the
interests and feelings, and will
same
soon be connected by a rail-road
passing between them. The
village of Gardiner is very
pleasant
The business part lying on the river, 13 full of activity
and enterprise.
buildings, on a gentle rise from
the river, are beautifully located.
They command a delightful prospect, and some of them are
of
The
Gariaiid, Me.
g-reat
Here
jms-
tor,2^hysician and school master,
30
years,
Penobscot
CO.
Garland is watered by some of the head
branches
ot Kenduskeag stream.
It lies 74
miles N. E. by N. from
Augusta,
and 27 N. W. from Bangor,
fucorporated, 1811.
Population, 1830
621 ; 1837, 932. This is an excellent township of land
it produced
1837, 6,521 bushels of wheat. '
;
m
Gay Head, Mass.
See Chilmark.
Georgetown, Me.
Lincoln
Georgetown is contwo considerable islands
lying at the mouth of Kennebec
river.
These islands have Kennebec river on the W., Sheepscot rivco.
stituted of
er on the
E., and separated
from
Woolwich on the N. by a navigable passage between those two
rivers.
It is a Httle
the opposite
shore.
below Bath, on
This is one
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
Gilead, Me.
of the most ancient settlements in
Maine. The town was incorporatedinl716. Population, 1S37, 1,355.
Oxford CO. Between two mounon both sides of Androscoggin
There is some good land on
river.
tains
46 miles S. from Augusta,
W. from Wiscasset. This
has excellent harbors, and postown
It lies
and 12
the river, but the chief part of the
township is fit only for grazing.
The expense of transportation of
S.
sesses peculiar privileges for
all
oc-
cupations connected with navigation and the fisheries.
fuel
71 miles W. from Augusta, and
25 S. S. W. from Paris. IncorporaPopulation, 1837, 374.
ted, 1804.
Georgetown was the
It was called
W.
JS'ew Rowley for some years, unCO.
part of Rowley".
til
its
the mountains, in a slipGilead
is very trifling.
lies
Georgeto^vii, Mass.
Essex
down
pery time,
Gilford,
]V.
H.,
One of the four shire towns for
Straflbrd county, is situated on the
side of Winnepisiogee lake.
S.
incorporation as a separate
town, in 1838. Georgetown is watered hy a branch of Parker's river, and is almost entirely engaged
in manufactures and the mechanic
It is a pleasant town and higharts.
This town lies 26 miles^N. N. E.
from Concord, and 48 N. W. from
Portsmouth. The soil is generally
There are two ponds
productive.
in this town, Little and Chattleborough. Gunstock and Mile's rivers,
rising in Suncook mountains and
Population, about
ly flourishing.
It lies 30 miles N. from
1,500.
Boston, and 10 S. W. from NewbuThe people of Georgetown
ryport.
flowi'ng N. into the lake, are the
The N. source
principal streams.
of the Suncook river is on the S.
are probably more extensively engaged in the manufacture of boots
and shoes than at any other place,
of these mountains, which extend
in a lofty pile over the E. part of
the town, from Gilmanton line nearly to the lake. There are seven islands in the lake, belonging to GilGeorgia, Vt.
ford, one of which has been connected to the main land by abridge
Population, 1S30,
Franklin co.
This town,
30 rods in length.
1,897." Georgia lies 40 miles N.
which was formerly a part of GilW. from Montpelier, and 8 S. from manton, was incorporated June 16,
First settled, 1784.
St. Albans.
It was settled in 1778.
1812.
The soil of Georgia is various but Here are manufactories of cotton
It feeds about
generally fertile.
goods, besides other useful mills
11,000 sheep. The Lamoille pass- and machinery.
Four bridges
es through the S. E. corner of the across the Winnepisiogee connect
toAvn, which, with other streams,
The vilthe town with Meredith.
give it an ample water power. This lage at this place is thriving and
trade and
is a place of considerable
Population, 1830, 1,872.
pleasant.
The
population, in America.
value of boots and shoes manufactured, and leather tanned, is said to
exceed $500,000 annually.
of
its
Over Stone
some manufactures.
Bridge brook is a stone bridge,—
a curious piece of nature's mechanGeorgia is washed on the ^\
ism.
by Lake Champlain the village is
.
:
pleasantly located, and commands
some very pretty lake and mountain scenery.
Gill,
Mass.
A mountainous
Franklin co.
township on the W. side of Connecticut river 86 miles W. by N.
from Boston, and 5 E. N. E. from
;
Greenfield.
Gill contains a
fine
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
tract of rich intervale on a bend
The people
of the Connecticut,
are generally engaged in farming.
The town is divided from Greenfield
It has some manuby Fall river.
factures of combs, wooden ware,
leather and palm-leaf hats.
The
fleeces of 1,809 sheep weighed
5,627 pounds, and were valued, in
Population, 1837,
1837, at $2,214.
809.
Taken from Deerfield in
1793.
Gilmaiitoii; N.
II.
One
of the shire towns in Strafford county, 17 miles N. N. E. from
Concord, and 45 W. N. W. fi-om
Portsmouth. It is bounded N. and
N. E, by Gilford and Alton. Population, 1830, 3,816.
Beside the
Winnepisiogee, this town is water»ed by the Suncook and Soucook
theological seminary at this place
is connected with the academy, and
is a flourishing institution.
Oilsum, N. H.
A
small township in Cheshire
county, situated about 10 miles E.
from the Connecticut. The soil is,
many parts, fertile, and produces
good crops of grass and grain.
Ashuelot river runs through this
town and affords a good supply of
water for mills, which is improved for cotton and other manufactures.
Gilsum was granted July
13, 1763, to Messrs. Gilbert, Sumner and others.
From the comin
bination of the first syllables of the
names of these men, it derives the
name of Gil-sum. The first settlement was made in 1764.
Gilsum
lies 55 miles S. W. by W. from
which have their sources in Concord, and about 9 N. from
Gilmanton. The Suncook rises in a Keene. Population, 1830, 642.
rivers,
pond near the top of one of the
Suncook mountains, elevated 900
Gleuburn, Me.
feet above its base.
The water of
Penobscot co.
This territory
this pond falls into another at the
was called Dutton, from 1822 to
foot of the mountain, of 1 mile in
1837.
It lies 76 miles N. E. from
length and 1-2 mile wide. Passing
Augusta, and 10 N. N. W. from
from this, it falls into another, covBangor.
Population, 1837, 717.
ering about 500 acres, from which
Glenburn is situated on both sides
it meanders through the town, reof the great bend of Kenduskeag
ceiving several streams in its course.
The Soucook rises from Loon, stream. It has a water power, but
Rocky and Shellcamp ponds,
town.
S. part of the
in the
This town
is
The soil is wheat
when properly
very hilly and rocky.
hard, but fruitful,
cultivated.
the inhabitants are mostly farmers.
soil is good, and considerable
The
The geology
of
is
raised.
GlastenTbury, Vt.
this
Bennington co.
This is a towntown presents many varieties.
There are several springs in Gilman- ship of 40 square miles of mounton, termed mineral one of which tainous land, more fit for the resi;
has proved efficacious in cutaneous dence of wild beasts than human
It is 9 miles N. E. from
and bilious affections.
This town beings.
was granted May 20, 1727, to 24 Bennington. Population, 1830, 59.
persons of the name of Gilman, and
Glastenlmry, Ct.
152 others.
In Dec. 1761, Benjamin and John Mudgett, with their
Hartford co.
This town, prefamilies,
settled here.
Dorothy
first child, was born here
"Weed, the
Oct. 13, 1762.
An academy
was
founded here in 1764. Its productive funds are about $11,000. The
incorporation in 1690,
to Wethersfield.
It lies Oft the east side of Connecticut river opposite to Wethersfield,
8 miles S. from Hartford.
It has
vious to
its
had been attached
�NEW ENGLAND
GAZETTEER.
on Connecticut rivis rough
vessels.
The lights on Thatcher's
island bear about northeast 6 miles
About
but generally productive.
a mile and a half from Connecticut
river, and 8 miles from Chatham
freestone quarry, in a romantic spot
from East Point, the eastern boundary of Gloucester harbor.
As
early as 1794 the exports from this
place, in one year, amounted to
ij^230,000. Here are immense quarries of light and grayish granite,
which is split with great ease, and
in large regularly formed blocks.
This stone is of a fine grain, is easily dressed, and can be put on board
of vessels with little expense. The
some
er.
fine land
The
face of the uphvuds
between the
hillji,is
a beautiful vil-
lage connected with
the Hartford
Manufacturing Company.
Roar-
ing
passes
brook,
at
this
place,
through a very narrow
defile, afford-
ing a great and constant water powCotton ii manufactured here
er.
to a considerable extent, and the
From
village is very flourishing.
the hills around this village a great
variety of delightful scenery is observable.
Population, 1S30, 2,980.
" In the eastern part of the town
there is a pond of about a mile in
circumference, called ' Diamond
pond,' from the circumstance of
there being small pebbles or stones
around its margin, having a peNear the cenculiar brilliancy.
tre of the town there is a mineral
spring, which, though it has acquired no celebrity abroad, has been
thought by men of science who
have examined it, to possess valuable medicinal qualities ; and for
more than one hundred years has
been known by the name of the
'
Pool of Neipseic' "
Gloucester, Mass.
Essex CO.
This is a maritime
township, comprising the whole of
Cape Ann, and celebrated for the
enterprise of its people in the fisheries and commercial pursuits.
It
is one of the oldest fishing establishments in the state.
Tliis cape
extends about 8 miles into the sea,
and forms the northern boundary of
Massachusetts bay.
Its harbor is
capacious, easy of access at any
season, and of sufficient water for
ships of great burthen. Gloucester
harbor and the chief settlements
are on the south side.
Sandy and
Squam bays lie on the north side,
about 4 miles fi-om the south harbor, and afford harbors for small
demand
for this stone is rapidly increasing, and the quarrying, hammering, and transporting it gives
employment to many men and vessels.
The canal across the neck
of the cape has failed of that success which was anticipated.
The
manufacture of palm-leaf hats,
boots, shoes, hats, vessels, chairs,
tin and cabinet wares, in the year
ending April 1, 1837, amounted to
In that year there were
$46,726.
221 vesrels employed in the cod
and mackerel fishery, the tornage
of which was 9,824 tons.
They
took 55,181 quintals of cod fish, and
43,934 barrels of mackerel
113,760 bushels of salt was used, and
1,580 hands employed. The value
of the cod and mackerel taken was
There are belonging to
$;522,082.
this place a great number of vessels
engaged in foreign and domestic
trade.
The total tonnage of the
district in 1837 was 18,802 tons.
:
This town lies in N. lat. 42° 36',
W. Ion. 70° 40', and was incorpora1639.
Population, 1820,
1830, 7,513; 1837, 8,822.
It lies 29 miles N. E. from Boston,
and 16 N. E. by E. from Salem.
Gloucester is a very pleasant town,
and a delightful retreat in summer
ted
in
6,-384;
months,
Gloucestei*,
R.. I.
Providence co.
This large and
respectable manufacturing town
lies 16 miles W. S. W. from Providence, and 50 E. by N. from Hartford. First settled, 1700.
Incorpo-
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
rated, 1730.
town
is
but the
The
surface of the
somewhat broken by
soil is
well adapted
hills,
to agri-
cultural purposes, particularly to
grazing. Gloucester furnishes large
supplies of various products for
market.
There are tine forests in
several parts of the town, and large
quantities of ship and other timber
are conveyed to Providence and
other places. The Chepachet and
ning in a northerly direction.
It
happened that the northern barrier
of the pond consisted entirely of
quicksand, except an encrusting of
The sand
clay next the water.
was immediately removed by the
current, and a large channel formed.
The basin formed by the encrusting
of clay was incapable of sustaining
the incumbent mass of waters, and
it brake.
The whole pond immesome smaller streams give Glou- diately took a northerly course, and,
cester a good water power.
Man- in fifteen minutes from this time, its
ufacturing establishments are very bed was left entirely bare. It was
numerous, and Gloucester yields to discharged so suddenly that the
but few towns in
England in country below was instantly inunthe value of this branch of indus- dated.
The deluge advanced like
try, particularly in the manufac- a wall of waters, 60 or 70 feet in
ture of cotton.
Population, 1830, height, and 20 rods in width, leveling the forests and the hills, and
2,522.
filling up the valleys, and sweeping
Glover, Vt.
off mills, houses, barns, fences, catOrleans co. Glover was first set- tle, horses and sheep as it passed,
tled in 1797.
It lies 33 miles N.
for the distance of more than ten
N. E. from Montpelier, and 12 S. miles, and barely giving the inhabby E. from Irasburgh,
The town itants sufficient notice of its apis hilly, and the soil is more fit for
proach to escape with their lives ingrazing than tillage.
There are to the mountains.
rock, supposabout 3,200 sheep in the town. ed to weigh more than 100 tons,
There are in the town branches of was removed half a mile from its
Barton's, Passumpsic, Lamoille, and bed.
The waters removed so rapBlack rivers, and several ponds. idly as to reach Memphremagog
On these streams are some manu- lake, distance 27 miles, in about
factures, but none of any great six hours from the time they left
Nothing now remains
importance. Population, 1830,902. the pond.
copy an account of the run- of the pond but its bed, a part of
ning off of Long Pond, from which is cultivated and a part overThompson's valuable Gazetteer of grown with bushes and wild grass,
Vermont.
with a small brook running through
"Long pond was situated partly it, which is now the head branch
The channel
in this township and partly in of Barton river.
Greensborough.
This pond was through which the waters escaped
one and a half miles long, and about is 127 feet in depth and several
pond, some dishalf a mile wide, and discharged its rods in width.
waters to the south, forming one of tance below, was, at first, entirely
the head branches of the river La- filled with sand, which has since
moille.
On the 6th of June, 1810, settled down, and it is now about
about 60 persons w^ent to this pond one half its former dimensions.
for the purpose of opening an outMarks of the ravages are still to be
Jet to the north into Barton river, seen through nearly the whole
that the mills, on that stream, might course of Barton river."
receive an occasional supply of waGoffstown, N. H.,
small channel was excavater.
Hillsborough co., is 12 miles N.
ted, and the water commenced run-
New
A
We
A
A
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
by E. from Amherst, and 16
S. from
Piscataquog river, the
tributary branches of which unite
near the W. line of the town, runs
through its centre in an E. direction, and falls into Merrimack river at Piscataquog village in Bed-
Concord.
gusta, 27 S. E. from Ellsworth, and
bounded by Sullivan on the N.
Incorporated, 1789.
Popula';ion,
1830, 880; 1837, 1,047.
is
Gorliam, Me.
Cumberland
co.
This town li
Large quantities of lumber watered on the N. E. side by Preare annually floated down this riv- sumpscut river, and the Cumberland
er to the Merrimack, and most of and Oxford canal. It is 9 miles W.
the mill privileges are derived from N. W. from Portland, and 63 S. W.
this valuable stream.
There are from Augusta. Gorham was first
two considerable elevations in the settled in 1736, bj"^ John Phinney
S. W. part of the town, which ob- and others from Barnstable county,
tained from the Indians the name iSIass.
jNIaine was at that time
of Un-can-nu-nuc.
On the rivers almost a wilderness. Portland, Saare considerable tracts of valuable co and Scarborough were very feeintervale.
Back from the rivers ble in consequence of the depredacommence extensive plains, easy of tions of the Indians.
These peocultivation, and producing abun- ple endured great privations, and
dant crops of Indian corn and rye. for many years were in constant
ford.
From
apprehension of attack by the sav" The wives and daughages.
into large swells.
In this town ters of the first settlers of Gorham
there is an extemive cotton factory. shared in all the toils and wants of
The Goffstown Manufacturing Com- their husbands and fithers ; they
pany are erecting a large woolen used to labor in the field, carry burfactory at a flourishing village, in dens, go to mill, and aid in defence
the W. part of the town, on Piscat- of their property.
One time when
aquog river.
Population, 1S30, most of the men were away, the
Indians attacked the fort, and the
2,213.
Dr. JoxATHAr^j- Gove, a man wife of Hugh McLellan rallied the
distinguished for his urbanity, his women in the garrison, shut the
talonts and professional skill, resid- gates, mounted the walls, fired uped in this town.
He was one of on the Indians, and by her courage
the oldest practitioners of medicine and activity baffled the enemy till
in the county. He was many years succor arrived."
an active member of the legislaRev. Solomon Lombard, a native
of Truro, Mass., was the first setture.
tled minister.
His annual salary
Goldsboroiigli, Z5Ie.
was £53, 6s. Sd. He was ordained
Hancock co.
This is a large Dec. 26, 1750.
One hundred and
township, on the Atlantic ocean, twenty dollars were raised to defray
containing a number of excellent the expenses of the ordination.
harbors, and nearly surrounded by
copy the following from the
water.
It is admirably located for list of supplies for that occasion, to
all the various pursuits in navigashow the prices of some articles at
tion.
Goldsborough harbor, on the that period.
E. side of the town, is capacious and
1 barrel of flour,
£14 7s. 6d.
easy of approach by almost any
3 bushels of apples, 2 8
wind.
Frenchman's bay extends
2 barrels of cider,
9
on the W. side of the town and af2 gallons of brandy, 5
fords it many commercial advanta5
1 bottle of vinegar,
ges.
It lies 99 mileg E. from Au2 cheeses, 6d. per lb.
these
plains the land
rises
on each side of Piscataquog river
We
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
lbs. of pork, 7J, per lb.
6 candles,
£0 Is. Od.
1 oz. of nutmegs,
8 fowls,
1 16
29 lbs. sugar,
8 14
1 tea pot,
1 10
4 gallons of rum,
5 4
2 bushels cranberries, 2
1 lb. of tea,
10
1 lb. of ginger,
2
6 gals, molasses, 2s. 8<^. per gal.
4 oz. of pepper,
6
54^
10
Gorham
is
very pleasantly loca-
its soil is of a superior qualited
it has a flourishing academy, on
ty
a solid foundation
it is a place of
considerable trade, and of extensive manufactures of cotton, wool,
leather, starch, and gunpowder.
Gorham has produced many men of
:
:
:
among which were eminent
and statesmen. It is noted
attachment to the principles
talents,
jurists
for its
of the revolution.
From 1807 to 1834, twenty persons died in Gorham, whose average age was 94 years. Population,
1837, 3,022.
Gorliani,
K".
H.,
rough and unproductive township lying on the northCoos
CO., is a
erly base of the
and bounded E.
by Berlin, and
and
is
V.
bite mountains,
ny small streams, which unite
The
Goslieii, N. H.,
co., is bounded N. by
Newport and Wendell, E. by Newbury, S. by Washington, and W. by
Sullivan
Lempster and Unity. It is 42 miles
W. by N. from Concord. Croydon
turnpike passes through Goshen.
From Sunapce mountain, lying in
the E. part of this town, spring ma-
|
particularly calculated
for the production of grass.
It was
The
incorporated Dec. 27, 1791.
first settlement was made about the
year 1769, by Capt. Benjamin Rand,
William Lang, and Daniel Grindle,
whose sufferings and hardships were
very great. The crops of the first
settlers were greatly injured, and
sometimes entirely destroyed by
early frosts.
In such cases they
procured grain from Walpole and
other places.
At a certain time of
scarcity, Capt. Rand went to that
place after grain, and being detained by a violent snow storm, his
family was obliged to live without
provision for six days, during which
time Mrs. Rand sustained one of
his children, 5 years old, by the milk
from her breast, having a short time
before buried her infant child. Population in 1830, 772.
soil is
i
j
I
''
;
\
\
!!
!
Croslieu, Vt.
Addison
First settled, 1800.
co.
Goshen lies
Population, 1830, 555.
30 milc3 S. W. from Montpelier,
and 15 S. E. from Middlebury. Leicester and Philadelphia rivers supply the town with mill privileges.
The lands along the rivers are very
good, but in general they are too
by Shelburne, N.
W. by Randolph,
96 miles N. from Concord. mountainous
Several streams descend from the
mountains through this town into
the Androscoggin.
It was formerly called Shelburne Addition, but
was incorporated by its present
name June 18, 1836. Population
in 1830, 111.
in
forming Sugar river. Rand's pond
is in the
N. E. part of the town.
tion.
this
cultivaare found in
for profitable
Some minerals
town.
Goslieu, Mass.
Hampshire
A
co.
mountainous
town, 103 miles W. by N. fj-om Boston, and 12 N. W. from NorthampSome valuable minerals are
ton.
found here, such as emeralds, lead,
and tin. The manufactures of Goshen are small, chiefly of boots and
The value of 3,048 fleeces
shoes.
of wool, produced in 1837, was sold
Population, 1837, 560.
for $4,500.
GoslicH, Ct.
Litchfield co.
First settled, 1738.
_
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
Incorporated,
1830, 1,734.
1749.
Goshen
Population,
miles
lies 6
N. from Litcliiield, 42 N. N. W.
from New Haven, and 32 W. from
Great attention is paid
Hartford.
in this town to the education of
Ivy mountain, in Goshen,
youth.
is considered the most elevated point
of land in the state ; its summit presents an extensive and delightful
" Goshen is the most elepro'jpect.
vated township in the state,' but not
been much celebrated
for its pic-
turesque beauties. Its numerous
angular projections, the variety of
its islands covered with wood, and
the vicinity of lofty mountains, render it an object peculiarly interest-
There are numerous elevaing.
tions which come under the name
Those of the most
of mountains.
importance are Gardner's in Ly-
generally mountainous ; the surface
being undulating, aflbrding an in-
njan, Peaked in Bethlehem, Moosehillock in Coventry, Cushman's and
the Blue mount in Peeling, Carr's
in Warren and Ellsworth, Moose in
teresting diversity of hills and vales.
Hanover, and Cardigan
The
soil
is
a gravelly loam, deep,
strong and fertile, admirably adapted for grazing. This is one of the
best towns for the dairy business in
the state. Large quantities of cheese
are annually made, the fame of
which is V, idely and Justly celebrated, and the inhabitants are generally in prosperous circumstances. In
neatness, in and about their dwellings, and in the appearance of general comfort and prosperity, they
are not exceeded, if equalled, by
any tov»*n in the state."
Gosport,
See
Isles
]V. II.
of Shoals.
Grafton Coimty, K. H.
IlaverhUl and Plymouth are the
county towns.
This county extends from lat. 43°
N.
58 miles in
length, and its greatest breadth is
SO miles. It contains 828,623 acres,
besides a large tract of ungranted
land. It is bounded N. by the coun27' to 44=" 22''
ty of Coos, E.
A
was made
Strafford, S.
by
Orange.
at
Lebanon, and
this
was
settlement on Connecticut
It was
river north of Charlestown.
constituted a county, wlarch 19,
1771, and received its name in
honor of Augustus Henry Fitzroy,
Duke of Grafton. Population in
1775, 3..597; in 1790, 12,449; in
1800, 20,171; in 1810,28,402; in
and in 1830, 38,691.
1820, 32,989
the
first
;
It is
by
in
Grafton county
is mouniainous and hilly, but this
circumstance does not prevent its
It presents fine
productiveness.
tracts for pasturage, a large proportion of arable land, and on the rivers, extenjive and fertile intervales.
This county is emphatically a
wool growing county, and there
were, in 18.37, more"^ than 120,000
sheep within its borders.
The first settlement in this county
larsre portion of
Graft OM, N. U.,
Grafton co., is bounded N. E. by
Orange, S. E. by Banbury, S. W.
by Springfield, and N. W. by EnIt is 36 miles N. W. from
field.
Concord, and 13 S. E. from Dart-
Merrimack, and V.'. by the state
It is watered by
of Vermont. Grafton county is wa- mouth college.
tered by Connecticut river, on branches of Smith's and Mascomy
which are several pleasant and rivers. Heard's liver, a small tribby Pemigewas- utary to Smith's river, waters the
flourishing towns
There are 5 ponds.
set, and Lower Amonoosuck rivers, S. E. part.
Tb.e largest, containing from 200 to
and by many smaller streams.
;
Squam and Newfound
300 acres,
largest
Two
lakes are the
The
collections of water.
former, of which a considerable
part lies in Strafford county, has
14
is
called Grafton
pond.
The
are named Mud ponds.
surface of Grafton is very hilly, in
some parts very mountainous ; and
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
the soil is so rocky as, in many
places, to be unlit for culiivation.
There
however, some
are,
tracts of land.
good
The Gi-afton turnfrom Andover to Or-
pike, leadingford bridge, passes through the E.
part, and the 4th N. H. turnpike,
from Concord (o Hanover, tiirough
the V/. part.
In this town there is
a remarkable ledge, called the Pinnacle, on the S. side of which the
ground rises by a gradual ascent to
the summit; but on the N. side, it
falls nearly 150 feet, within the disIsinglass, as
tance of 6 or 8 feet.
it
is
commonly
called,
is
found in a
state of great purity in Glass Hiil
mountain. It adheres in the form
of lamina to rocks of white and yellow quartz. The usual size of these
lamina is about G inches square, but
some have been found much larger.
It requires much labor to obtain
which, when prepared,
transported to Boston, and from
this glass,
is
variety of mineral treasure.
Its
surface is uneven with a strong and
productive soil. Grafton was first
settled, 1780.
Population, 1830,
It lies 90 miles S. from
1,439.
Montpelier, and 18 N. from Newfane.
Grafton, Mass.
Worcester co.
This important
manufacturing town, the Hassanamiseo of the Indians, was incorpoIt lies 36 miles S.
Boston, and 9 S. E.
from ^\'orcester. Population, 1830,
1,839; 1837, 2,910. Blackstone river and several large ponds give this
town a constant and valuable water
power. There are 5 cotton and 1
woolen mills. The total amount of
the manufoctui-es of Grafton, the year
ending April 1, 1837, was $1,052,
448.
The manufactures consisted
of cotton and woolen goods, boots,
shoes, leather, scythes, chairs, tin,
cabinet and wooden wares, shoe
rated in 1735,
W. by W. from
thence exported to England. It is
found on the E. side of the mountain, which is 200 feet high. Gnifton was granted Aug. 14, 1761,
to Ephraim Sherman and others.
The first permanent settlement was
and bricks.
The manufacture of boots and shoes amounted
to ^614,141, employing 1,392 males
and females.
Grafton has a fine
soil, is beautifully located, and ex-
made
ceedingly nourishing.
in J^Iay, 1772,
by Capt. Jo-
seph Hoyt, from Poplin.
Capt.
Alexander Pixley and wife we-c
the second family who settled here.
Incorporated in 177S.
Population
Essex
allied to
This town is nearly
Ferdinand, both in loca-
CO.
and the character of the soil.
lies the next town S. of it,
and 97 people, it is said, reside within the limits of Granby.
Granby
Grafton, Vt.
Grafton
co.
is
finely
watered by Sexton's river, which is
formed in the town by the union of
several streams
and by a branch
;
of Williams' river. On these streams
are manufactui-es of woolen and
other goods.
Soap-stone of an excellent quality is very abundant in
this place.
It is man-ifactured by
water power for various uses to a
great extent
it is bored for aqueducts and sold at a very low price.
This town contains two pleasant
and flourishing villages, and a great
:
Giranljy, Vt.
tion
in 1830, 1,207.
Windham
tools
Oraiiby, Mass.
Hampshire co.
This town lies
90 miles W. by S. from Boston, and
9 S. E. from Northampton.
Incorporated, 1763.
It has good fish
ponds and two small streams. There
are two woolen mills in the town
and 2,067 sheep.
The wool, in
Population,
1837, sold for $3,670.
1837, 922.
It is said that copper
ore of a good quality is found in
Granby.
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
Granby,
Ct.
all sides by Lake Champlain except on the S., where it is
bounded on
Hartford co. This town was
corporated in 1786, and \vns that
part of Simsbury which contains
the famous Simsbury mines the old
The
state prison of Connecticut.
cavern, once occupied as a prison,
is now worked, as formerly, as a
copper mine. This odious place,
unlit for the residence of the worst
of criminals, is 16 miles N. N.
W. from Hartford. The pit or cavern is more than 50 feet in depth,
The worst
dark, damp and dismal.
stigma that can be cast on the good
people of Connecticut is, that this
infernal region was suffered to remain nearly 40 years the abode
There are
of their fellow beings.
some hills in Granby of considerain-
;
Barn door hills rise
ble elevation.
between four and five hundred feet,
and have the appearance of having
been separated by some convulsion
Turkey hills and Salof nature.
mon brook are pleasant villages, and
have the appearance of prosperity.
Farmington river w-aters the former, and a branch of that river, the
Population, 1830, 2,722.
latter.
Grand Isle County, Vt.
JVorth Hero is the county town.
This county comprises a group of
islands in Lake Champlain, and a
bounded by South Hero, from which
taken in 1809.
it was
It lies 50
miles N. W. from Montpelier, and
18 N. by W. from Burlington.
Population,
of the town is
very fertile ; it produces fine crops
of grain and an abundance of fruit
and cider. Marble, lime-stone, rock
crystals. Sec, are found here, and
Grand Isle contains the only water
This is a fine
mill in the county.
place for fishing and fowling.
First
settled,
1830, 643.
17S3.
The
soil
Grand Lake*
is a large collection of walying partly in the county of
This
ter,
Washington, Me., and partly in
New Brunswick. It contains a large
number
it receives the
small lakes and
is the chief source of the
Croix.
It lies about 90
E. from Bangor.
of islands:
waters of
rivers, and
river St.
miles
N.
many
Gi'antliam.,
]V.
H.,
Sullivan co., is bounded
Enfield, E. by Springfield,
Croydon,
and
which separates
W. by
N. by
S. by
Plainfield,
from Connecticut
It is 12 miles S. E. from
river.
Dartmouth college, and 45 N. W.
from Concord. There are 7 or 8
it
ponds, the largest of which lies in
the S. E. part of the town and is
called Eastman's pond, containing
nearly 300 acres. Another, lying
near the centre of the town, contains nearly 200 acres.
Croydon
mountain extends through the westing and tillage. This county has erly part of Grantham in a direcno considerable streams, but its nav- tion from S. W. to N. E. The soil
It is productive, especially on the "VV.
igable facilities are very great.
was first settled about the close of of the mountain. It seems to be
Incorpora- more favorable for wheat than any
the revolutionary war.
It contained, in 1837, other species of grain.
ted, 1802.
The mounabout 16,000 sheep.
Population, tain affords good pasturage, and the
1820, 3,527; 1830, 3,696.
Popula- lower land yields grass in abundtion to a square mile, 46.
ance.
On the E. side of the mountain is a spring supposed to possess
Grand Isle, Vt.
medicinal qualities, visited by hunGrand Isle co.
This town is dreds of valetudinarians in the sum-
point of land jutling into the N.
part of that lake on the S. side of
the Canada line, on which Alburgh
This county contains
is situated.
about 80 square miles most of the
land is level and excellent for graz:
�NEW ENGLAND
mer
GAZETTEER.
On
the summit of variegated marble, and a good mill
a natural pond, stream.
The soil on the banks of
containing about 5u acres. This the Housatonick is fertile and the
town was first granted July 11, uplands are well adapted for graz1761, but the proprietors not fuifill- ing.
The manufactures consist of
ing the conditions of the charter, it cotton and woolen goods, boots,
was forfeited. In 1767, it was re- shoes, leather, hats, pig iron, lasts,
granted to Col. William Symmes and tin ware, bevils and guages.
To63 others, by the name of Gran- tal amount of manufactures in one
tham. Incoi'poraied in 1761. Pop- year, $122,369.
This town the
same year (1837) produced 2,657
ulation, in 1830, 1,079.
fleeces of merino wool, valued at
season.
Croydon mountain
is
Gfi-aiivllle,
Vt.
SP"3
Addison
co.
See Barnard, Me.
Graiaville, Mass.
Hampden
The
This is a mountainous township, 110 miles W. S.
W. from Boston, and 14 W. from
Springfield.
It contains good soapThe wool
stone and 1,500 sheep.
There are
sold in 1837 for $2,572.
some manufactures in Granville of
pocket books, hoots, shoes, leather,
Although the
and silver ware.
co.
high, the soil in many parts
The
is very good and productive.
village is very pleasant. IncorporaPopulation, 1837,1,439.
ted, 1754.
land
Gr«at-]Says, N. H.
is
largest is that lying E. from
Market, formed by the united
v/aters of Swamscot, Winnicut, and
Laniprey rivers. It is 4 miles wide,
and at some seasons is picturesque
as connected with the surrounding
scenery.
This bay has Newington
on the E., Greenland and Stratham
on the S., and New Market and
New
Durham W, its waters pass N. E.
through Little bay, where Oyster
river unites with the current which
:
passes into the Piscataqua.
Great-Bay, between Sanbornton
and Meredith, is a body of water, connected with Winnepisiogee
Cumberland co. This is a fine farm- lake, and dischai-ging its waters ining town, watered by branches of to Winnepisiogee river. Round and
North Yarmouth and Presumpscot Long bays are situated between the
rivers, and containing a large part of lake and Great Bay, and there are
Little Sebago pond. It lies 17 miles two small bays on the river below
N. by W. from Portland and 44 S.
Great Island, N. H.
W. from Augusta. Incorporated,
Population, 1337, 1,671.
1778.
See JVew Castle.
Gi-ay is a pleasant town and a place
Great IVorks Stream, Me.
of considerable trade and some manufactures.
This stream has anumber of tributaries, and is an important branch
Great Earriiigtoii, Mass.
of the Penobscot.
It has many sites
Berkshire co.
very pleasant for mills, and falls into the Penobtown in the valley of Housatonick scot, on the E. side, opposite to the
river, 12.5 miles Y*.^ by S. from Bos- Indian settlement at Oldtown.
At
ton, and 14 S. from Lenox.
Incor- its confluence with the Penobscot
Gray, Me.
A
porated,
2,440.
1761.
Population, 1837,
Monument mountain,
there
is
a considerable village.
some wild and picturesque scenery.
There is another stream of this
name, which rises in York county,
and passes to Salmon Fall river, at
Here
South Berwick.
this
town,
is
quite lofty
:
it
in
presents
are good iron ore, beautifully
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
Greene, Me.
Kennebec
CO.
a favorite
Greene has several
ponds, but no good mill privileges.
It lies on the E. side of Androscoggin river, 6 miles above Lewiston,
and 22 S. W. from Augusta. It is
an excellent farming town, and
produced, in 1S37, 3,27S bushels of
wheat. Incorporated, 178S. Population, 1837, 1,366.
Greeiil)us!i,
Penobscot
CO.
This territory was
the Olammon Plantation,
until its incorporation in 1834.
Olammon stream, one of the most
beautiful tributaries of the Penobscot, joins that river, on the E. side,
in Greenbush, affording an extensive hydraulic power.
Greenbush
is a flourishing place, and lies about
25 miles N. by E. from Bangor.
Population, 1830, 333; 1837, h'oQ.
Greenfield, Me.
co.
five
Greenfield, Mass.
Me.
called
Hancock
sons of the
ponds ; the
largest about one mile in length,
and one third of its length in width.
The first settlement commenced in
1771, by Capt. Alexander Parker, Slajor A. Whittemore, Simeon
Fletcher, and others. It was incorporated June 15, 1791. Population,
in 1830, 946.
spot of the
There are
forest.
This town was in-
corporated in 1834.
It was No. 38
on the Bingham Purchase. See
" Down East."
Greenfield, N, H.,
Hillsborough co., is bounded N.
by Francestown and Society-Land,
E. by Francestown and Lyndeborough, S. by Lyndeborough and
Temple, and W. by Peterborough
County town, Franklin co. This
town lies on the W. side of Connecticut river, and is washed by Green
an excellent mill stream, a
branch of the Deerfield. The village is situated about 2 miles from
Connecticut liver, and is very beautiful and flourishing.
There is a
woolen mill in Greenfield with four
sets of machinery
and manufacriver,
;
tures of boots, shoes, leather, hats,
iron castings, chairs, cabinet and
tin wares, saddles, harnesses,trunks,
stove and lead aqueduct pipe, iron
work, guns, pistols, rifles, coaches, wagons, books, &,c.
The total
amount of manufactures, for the
year ending April 1, 1837, was
,$164,844. ^The'value of wool, the
pioductof 2,153 fleeces, sheared in
There is an
1837, was $3,404.
academy
for
young
ladies in this
town, a farming school for young
men, and some iron and copper ores.
Greenfield lies 95 miles W. by N.
from Boston, and 22 N. from Northampton. Incorporated, 1753. Pop-
and Hancock. It is 14 miles W.
N. W. from Amherst, and 33 S. AV.
from Concord.
Contoocook river ulation, 1S30, 1,540; 1837, 1,840
forms part of the W. boundary, and
Greenland, N. H.,
separates this town from Hancock,
The
generally fertile.
The
excellent pasturage the
valleys and plains are favorable for
grain.
Hops are raised in great
abundance.
part of Crotchcd
mountain rises from the N. part,
soil is
hills afford
;
A
Rockingham
co., is situated five
miles W.S.W. from Portsmouth, and
45 E.S.E. from Concord it is bounded N. by the Great-Bay and Newington, E. by Portsmouth and Rye,
:
S. by North-IIampion, and "\V. by
and part of Lyndeborough mountain Stratham. The soil is remarkably
from the S. and E. sections of this good. The orchards and gardens
town.
There are some valuable of this town are valuable, and yield
meadows in one of them have annual profits to the farmers.
been found many Indian relics, from Greenland, originally a part of Portswhich it is conjectured that it was mouth, was incorporated as a dis;
14*
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
tinct
town
in
1703,
commenced early, and
were 329
Settlements
1705 there
in
inhabitants.
Samuel M'Cl,intock,
Rev.
D. D., who died in the 48th
of his ministry, was hoi-n at
Mass.,
year
Med-
May
1, 1732; graduaJersey college in
1751; ordained in 1756; and died
April 27, 1804, aged 72. His fa-
ford,
ted at the
New
ther was a native of Ireland.
Dr.
M'Clintock was a sound divine, eminent as a preacher, and distinguished for his attachment to the cause
of his country.
He served as a
chaplain in tlie army of the revolution.
Population in 1830, GSl.
Green Momiataiais.
For his good fortune in
respect, the proprietors of the
township gave him 100 acres of
" Beautiful lake " and seveland.
ral other lakes and ponds in this
town, form a part of the head waters of the river Lamoille.
This
town is v/ell timbered
the surface is not very elevated
the soil
in general is good, particularly for
grazing.
It produces some fine catthis
town.
tliis
:
;
tle, and keeps about 4,000 sheep.
Population, 1830, 784.
Greenville, BIc.
The " Haskell
Piscataquis co.
Plantation," incorporated in 1836.
109 miles from Augusta.
Population, 1837, 132.
See " Down East."
This range of mountains rises in
Lower Canada.
pass nearly
through the centre of Vermont,
from N. to S., and the westerly
parts of the states of Massachusetts
and Connecticut, and terminate near
NcAV Haven, on Long Island Sound.
From their green appearance they
give the name to Vermont, and decrease in height as they approach
The
north peak, in Mansfield, Vt., is the greatest elevation,
being 4,279 feet above the surface
of lake Champlain.
the south.
Green
Kivei-s.
river, in Massacliit setts,
high lands at the N. W.
corner of Berkshire county it passes N. W. through Williamstovvn,
and the S. W. corner of Vermont,
and joins the Hoosick in N. Y.
There are several smaller streams
rises in the
;
in
New England
of the
Hampshire
co.
same name.
Greeaislsoi'oiigla, "Vt.
Orleans oo. Vf'^illiam Scott Shepard, born March 25, 1789, was the
first white child brought forth in
There are anum-
ponds in this town, by which,
and Swift river passing through it,
a good water power is acquired.
There is a woolen mill in the town,
and manufactures of shoes, boots,
palm-leaf hats, and scythes.
In-
bei- of
corporated, 1754. Population, 1837,
842.
Greenwich lies 75 miles W.
fi'om Boston, and 17 N. E. from
Northampton.
Greeii^vicli, Ct.
Fairfield co.
Green, or Quodotchquoik river,
in the N. E. part of Penobscot county, Maine, is an important branch
of the St. John's, and joins that river about 24 miles W. from the line
of New Brunswick.
Green
GrceiiAvicli. Mass.
They
The settlement
of
town commenced in 1640, and
was incorporated by Stuyvesant,
the Dutch governor at New York,
in 16G5. Greenwich comprises three
parishes or villages,
West Greenwich, Greenwich on the E. and
Stanwich on the N. West Greenwich, on Horse JYech, so called
from a peninsula on the Sound forthis
—
mei'ly used as a horse pasture, is the
largest and most important part of
Greenwich is watered
the town.
by By ran river, the boundaiy line
between the town and state of
York, and the most southern part of
England.
At the outlet of
York side,
Byran river, on the
is a place called Satvpits, a noted
landing place on the Sound, 28 miles
New
New
New
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
New York. Miannus
and other smaller streams
water the town.
N. E IVom
number
handsom« buildings.
of
said to be very
manufacturing and
It lies 8
concerns.
great battle took place between commercial
and 46
Dutch and Indians at Horse miles N. E. from Norwich,
the
There are
action was E. S. E. from Hartford.
The
Neck, in 1646.
manufactories of cotton in
long and severe, both parties light- other
The this town, and some of wool. The
much obstinacy.
ing with
its soil
is hilly
Dutch with much dilhculty kept suiface of Griswoid
some produce is
o-raveliy loam
field, and the Indians with- a
the
and about 3,000
drew. Great numbers were slain sent to "market,
Population, 1S30,
on both sides, and tlie graves of the sheep are kept.
dead, for a century or more, appeared like a number of small hills.
Grotoii, K. H.,
" Putnam's Hill is situated in
Grafton co., is bound N. by RumWest Greenvvdch, about five miles
Orange,
W. from Stamford, on the main road ncy, E. by Hebron, S. by It is 10
York. This place is cele- and W. by Dorchester.
to New
W. from Plymouth, 45 N.
brated for the daring exploit of Gen- miles S.
Vr. from Concord, and 15 S. E. from
eral Putnam, who descended this
The north part is v. aprecipice when pursued by the Brit- Hanover.
tered by a branch of Baker's river,
ish dragoons."
has sevGreenwich is a rough and uneven and the southerly part
creek
This
little
city
prOL-perous in
is
its
A
;
:
township, with
productive
a
soil.
some wild scenery along
and many beautiful views
It presents
the road,
of Long Island Sound.
miles W. S. W. from
It
New
and 20
W.
S.
W.
lies
48
Haven,
from Fairfield.
Population, 1830, 3,S05.
Greeu^ivood, Ble.
Incorporated, 1815.
Oxford
It lies 53
Population, 1837, 754.
miles W. by S. fiom Augusta, and
CO.
This is a
7 N, W. from Paris.
The
township of excellent land.
inhabitants are generally engaged
eral
which fall into
There is but one
small streams,
Newfound
lake.
pond of any consequence lying wholly in thistown, and that is situated
about a mile N. E. of the meetingGroton was granted July
house.
8, 1761, to George Abbot and others
It
by the name of Cochernioutk.
was re-granted, about five years afterwards, to Col. John Hale and others, and the first settlement was
commenced in 1770. Incorporated
by the name of Groton, Dec. 1796.
Population, in 1830, 639.
Groton, Vt.
in agricultural pursuits.
Caledonia co.
First settled, 1787.
Griswolcl, Ct.
Wells river and its branches afford
town this town a good water power.—
New London co. This
number of ponds in
was taken from Preston in 1815, There are a
Lisbon by Groton, well stored with excellent
and is separated from
large and
Quennebaugh river. The Pochaug, fish, some of which are
of the town is
stream, passes through handsome. The soil
a sluggish
the town.
The
principal village,
very neat and pretty, containing about yOO inhabitants, is
which
is
called Jeii^ett City.
The
city lies
on the east side of the Quonnebaug,
at this place a very powerful stream,
and contains three extensive cotton
factories, a church, bank, and a
generally hard, but there is some
choice land along the streams, and
good timber.
The wife of a Mr. Page, of this
town, in the year 1819, produced
four lusty " green mountain boys"
Svhen domestic manu-
at a birth.
factures
of
this
description
and
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
amount, are adduced as evidence
of the prosperity of a town, it is
useless to talk about water power,
cotton factories, or wool growing.
Groton lies 16 miles E. by S. from
Moutpelier, and 15 S. by W. from
Danville.
Population, 1830, 836.
Ciro'toa,
Mass.
Middlesex co. This is a delighttown, with an extraordinary good
soil; 32 miles N. W. from Boston,
and 13 W. by S. from Lowell.
Groton was settled soon after
Concord.
It was for some years a
frontier settlement, and much exful
posed
to
the Indians.
In 1G7G, the
town was attacked by 400 Indians,
and all the buildings plundered and
burnt, except four garrison houses.
A
ty into Long Island Sound.
number of whale ships and coasting vessels are owned in this town.
This
is a place of some trade, and considerable quantities of the produce of
the county is shipped to
York
market. Ship building is carried
on to a considerable extent, on
the Mystic, wiiich is navigable for
large vessels about tu'o miles from
the Sound.
About 300 men and
boys are employed in navigation.
Previous to its incorporation, in
1705, Groton was a part of NewLoadon. Population, 1830, 4,705.
" Groton will ever be memorable as the theatre of the most important
and interesting military
transactions which have taken place
in the state.
In the early settlement of the country, the fate of
New
The town is finely watered by
Nashua and Squanecook rivers Connecticut was decided by the
and a number of beautiful ponds. sword on Pequot hill, within the
The buildings are in a style of lin:iits of this town, and the Pequots,
the
great neatness and taste, and some
of elegance.
Tliis town has a female seminary of high reputation,
and a number of moral and religious institutions.
The local beauties of Groton and its facilities for
education are so great as to induce
many wealthy families to made it
their residence. The manufactures
of Groton consist of paper, axletrees, soap-stone pumps, mathematical instruments, clothing, palmleaf hats, chairs, cabinet ware,
leather, boots and shoes.
Incorporated, 1655.
Population, 1830,
2,057.
CJrotosi, Ct.
New
London
co.
Groton
lies at
the mouth of the river Thames, in
the harbor of New London, and opposite to that city, on the E.
The
lands are generally hilly and rocky,
with some fertile tracts on the margin of the Thames.
There are several villages, Groton Bank, opposite
London, Portersville, on
New
Mystic
river,
the most haughty and warlike tribe
of savages in
England, efFectually crushed by a single blow,
and their existence as a nation annihilated.
In the war of the revolution, another of the
high places
of Groton became an Aceldama',
and the tiower of her sons were sacrificed to the vengeance of an infuriated enemy.
" On the 6th of September, 1781,
a body of British troops, about 800
in number, under the command
of Lieut. Col. Eyre, landed on the
Groton side, opposite the light-
New
'
house, and having found a lame boy
collecting cattle, compelled him to
show them the cart path to the fort.
They landed about 9 o'clock in the
morning of a most delightful day,
Fort Griswold was
clear and still.
under the command of Lieut. Col.
William Ledyard, brother of the
celebrated traveller of the same
name. He resided on Groton bank,
New
opposite
London,
and
was
much beloved and respected by his
and Pequonnuck. neighbors. On the advance of the
The Pequonnuck and Mystic
ers pass through the town, and
riv-
emp-
enemy,
Col. Ledyard,
about 150
men
having but
with him in the fort.
�NEW ENGLAND
sent out on officer to get assistance,
as tljoie w^i-c a nuuiber of hundreds
of people collected in the vicinity
:
GAZETTEER.
some
parts of the
parade ground.
wagoQ
was loaded with wounded AmeiiSoon
after the suriender, a
by drinking too much, cans, and set off down the hill ; it
intoxicated, and no rein- struck an apple tree with great force,
forcement \vas obtained. On the and knocked several of these bleedrejection of a summons to surren- ing men out, and caused their inder, the I3rilish extended their lines, stant death.
One of these distress60 that they were scattered over the ed men having been thrown ouc of
fields, and rushed on to the attack the wagon, and while crawling towith trailed arms, under the lire of wards the fence on his hands and
the Americans, to the assault of knees, was brutally knocked on the
Having head by the butt end of a musket,
the fort on three sides.
effected a lodgment in the ditch, by one of the refugees who were
they cut away the pickets, and hav- attached to the British army. The
ing scaling ladders, they entered British embarked at the foot of the
the fort and knocketl away the gate hill, near the ferry, and took off a
on the inside. While tiie British number of prisoners with them.
were in the ditch, they had cold As they left the fort, they set fire
shot thrown on them, and as they to a train, intending to blow up the
were entering the embrazures, the magazine, in which were about 100
garrison changed their weapons and barrels of powder.
Fortunately it
fought desperately with spears or was extinguished by our people,
pikes, 15 or IG feet in length, which who entered the fort soon after the
did considerable execution. Unfor- enemy left it.
It is stated that the
tunately they had lent the greater enemy lost in the attack on the for*^
part of the pikes belonging to the 54 killed and 143 wounded, several
fort to a privateer a few days before.
of whom afterwards died of their
Major Montgomery was hoisted up wounds. The killed of the enemy
on the walls of the fort by his sol- were buried by their comrades at
diers.
As he was flourishing his the gate of the fort, and were so
sword on his entrance, he was mor- slightly covered that many of their
tally wounded by Jordan Freeman, legs and
arms remained above
a colored man, who pierced him ground. Our people who were killthrough witli a spear. Another of- ed at the fort, were stripped, and so
ficer was killed by a musket ball, disfigured, covered with blood and
while in the fort. As he fell, he ex- dust, that with the exception of
claimed ' Put every one to death, tvvo or three, they could not be redoii't spare one.'
Col. Ledyard, cognized by their friends, except
finding further resistance useless, by some particular marks on their
this officer,
became
:
presented his sword to an officer,
who asked liim who commanded the
'I did,' said
fort.
'
Col.
you do now.'
but
Ledyard,
The
officer
(Capt. Bloomfield) took his sword
and plunged it into his bosom. Col.
Ledyard fell on his face and instantly expired. An indiscriminate mas-
sacre
now
took place,
till
a British
exclaimed ' ]\Iy soul cannot bear such destruction,' and ordered a parley to be beat.
Such
had been the butchery in the fort,
that it was over shoes in blood in
officer
:
persons."
The monument onGroton Heights,
in
commemoration
of Groton and
of the destruction
London by the
New
Arnold, " has its foundation
stone at an elevation of about 1.30
feet above tide v/ater: the monutraitor
ment itself is one hundred and twenty seven feet in height.
The pedestal rises about eighteen or twenty feet, and is twenty three feet
square
on the pedestal rises an
obelisk square, ninety two feet in
height, twenty two feet square at its
:
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
eleven feet at the top.
ascended by one hundred and
Giiilfoi'd,
base, and
It is
sixty five stone steps, inserted into
tlie outer wall, rising in a circular
form, their inner ends supported by
an iron rail and bannister. The monument is constructed of granite, of
which there is an abundance in the
vicinity.
The expense of its erec-
was eleven thousand dollars
amount was raised by a lottery,
granted by the state for this pur-
tion
this
Me.
Piscataquis CO. This town is finewatered by the Piscataquis and
some of its upper branches. It is
of fine soil, and produced in 1837,
4,965 bushels of wheat.
It has a
pleasant village, a number of mills,
and considerable trade.
Guilford
is 71 miles N. by E. from Augusta,
45 N. W. from 'Bangor, and 12 N.
W. from Dover. Incorporated, 1816.
Population, 1837, 799.
ly
pose.
Guilford, Vt.
The
following is the inscription,
on marble, placed over the entrance
of the monument.
" This Pvlonument
was erected under the patronage
of the
State of Connecticut,
A. D. 1830,
and in the 55th year of the Independence of the U. S. A.
In memory of the brave Patriots
who
fell
massacre at Fort Griswold,
near this spot,
on the Gth of September, A. D. 1781,
in the
when
the
under the command
of the traitor, Benedict Arnold,
burnt the towns of
New London and Groton,
and spread desolation and woe
throughout this region."
British,
Gnildliall, Vt.
County town of Essex
co.
W.
1,760.
The people of this town
took an active part in defending the
rights of Vermont against the claims
of jurisdiction set up by the state
of
Yoi'k, about the years
1783-4.
Guilford produced a number of patriots in this as also in the
revolutionary cause. The soil of
the town is warm and fertile, exceedingly productive of grain, fruits,
maple sugar, butter, cheese, pork,
sheep, horses, and beef cattle.
It
has good mill seats on Green river
and branches of Broad brook, a
number of manufactories, a medicinal spring, and various kinds of
minerals.
New
Guild-
situated on the
Windham co. This town was first
permanently settled in 1760. It lies
125 miles S. from Monlpelier, 15
S. by E. from Newfane, and 30 E.
from Bennington. Population, 1830,
side of
hall
is
Guilford, Ct.
New Haven co. This town, the
Menunkatuc of the Indians, was
wa- first settled in 1639. The town was
Connecticut river, and is united to
Lancaster, N. H., by two bridges
across the river.
The town is
tered by several small streams.
The soil of the town is quite uneven
and stony, except a tract of intervale on the river.
Cow and Burnside mountains are considerable elevations, and afford excellent views
of the meanderings of the ConnecGuildhall lies 50 miles N.
ticut.
E. from Montpelier, and 90 N. by
First settled,
E. from Windsor.
Population, 1830, 481.
1789.
by a party of Non-Conformfrom England, at the head of
which was the Rev. Henry Whitfield.
Mr. Whitfield's house, built
settled
ists
is now standing,
occupied, and in good repair. The
cement used in building it, is said
to be harder than the stone itself.
This building was used by the first
settlers as a fort and place of refuge
against the attacks of the natives.
of stone, in 1640,
�NEW ENGLAND
The
first inarriasje
in the
Menunkatuc. The buildings in the
borough are neat, but somewhat
antiquated in their appearance.
Guilford is a place of resort for sea
air and bathing. The accommodations are very good.
The scenery
in the vicinity of
Sachem's Head
wild and picturesque. The soil
of Guilford is well adapted to agricultural pursuits, to which, and some
coasting trade, the principal part of
the inhabitants are devoted.
It lies
16 miles E. from New Haven, and
36 S. from Hartford.
Population,
1830, 2,344.
is
Maddaiu,
river.
Haddam Society, on
the W. side, is the largest part of
the town, and the seat of justice.
That part of Haddam on the E. side
ticut
called
is
but
Haddam Neck.
little
The
dam.
township is
If the greatness of a character
be estimated by the object it
pursues, the danger it braves, the
difficulties it encounters, and the
purity and energy of its motives,
David Brainerd is one of the greatest characters that ever appeared
in the world.
Compared with this
standard of greatness, what little
things are the Alexanders, the Caesars, the conquerors of the whole
earth.
nobler object no human
or angelic mind could ever propose
to itself than to promote the glory
of the great Governor of the Universe, in studying and laboring to
diffuse purity and happiness among
his unholy and miserable creatures.
" His life and diary among the
Indians,' says a celebrated English
divine, ' exliibits a perfect pattern
of the qualities which should distinguish the instructor of rude and
barbarous tribes the most invincible patience and self denial, the
profoundest humility, exquisite prudence, indefatigable industry, and
such a devotedness to God, or rather such an absorption of the whole
soul in zeal for the divine glory
and the salvation of men, as is
scarcely paralleled since the age of
"
the apostles.'
This faithful servant of Christ
died at the house of the Rev. Jonathan Edwards, at Northampton,
Mass., October 10, 1747, aged 30.
is
to
A
'
;
Ct.
One of the county towns of Middlesex CO. Incorporated, 166S. This
town lies on both sides of Connec-
is
"
town was
solemnized in this building. The
treat on the occasion was pork and
peas. Guilford borough was incorporated in 1S15.
It is handsomely
located two miles from Long Island
Sound, on a tract of alluvial plain,
and near a small stream called the
GAZETTEER.
There
land in Hadprincipal part of the
hilly and stony, with
alluvial
considerable forests.
There are
valuable quarries of granite on both
sides of the river. About 150 men
are annually employed in quarrying it, and about $70,000 worth of
There
stone is annually exported.
are many vessels built at Haddam.
The timber in this quarter of the
county is well adapted for that purpose.
The village of Haddam is
pleasant, and has a good prospect
of the river.
It lies 23 miles S.
from Hartford, and 8 S. E. from
Middletown. Population, 1830, 2,830.
David Braixerd, the devoted
missionary among the Indians, first
drew his breath in Haddam.
Hatllcy, Mass.
Hampshire co. This is
sant town on the E. bank
a pleaof Connecticut river, and unites with
Northampton by a beautiful bridge,
1,030 feet in length.
It was first
settled in 1647. Incorporated, 1661.
Population, 1837, 1,805.
It lies 88
miles W. from Boston.
Two small
streams afford the town some water
power. Hadley contains a lai-ge and
tract of alluvial meadow.
village, situated on the river,
is pleasant, and contains many neat
and valuable buildings.
Hadley was a retreat of the celefertile
The
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
about ,fUoO,000.
Halifax was incorporated in 1734.
Population,
heated Goffe and Whalley, two of
the judges who condemned Charies
They remained
I. for execution.
secluded here more than fifteen
Goffc
years, when Whalley died.
died and was buried at New Haven, Ct., some years after.
The manufactures of Hadley consist of leather, boot.?, shoes, hats,
glue, palm-leaf hats, wire, chairs,
cabinet ware, brooms, and brushes.
Total value the year endino- April
This town is
1, 1837, $117,850.
celebrated for raising broom corn.
1837, 781.
Ilallo-well,
Kennebec
al
to
W.
This town?hip
is
rather elevated, but of good soil,
finely adapted for grazing.
It is
a place of considerable trade, and
of manufactures on its numerous
streams.
Its principal streams are
Green river and a branch of the
Deerfield.
There are some handsome falls of \Ajater in Halifax, and
a curious cave called Dun''s Den.
)(' the
The produotlc''
tov;n are
butter, cheese, pork, sheep and othThe cause of education
er cattle.
flourishes here, and the people are
generally independent cultivators
of the soil.
Halifax lies 125 miles
S. from Montpelier, and 15 S. from
Nev/fane.
First settled, 1761.
Population, 1830, 1,562.
Plymouth co. The Indian name
of this place was Monponset.
It
lies 28~^mile3 S. S. E. from Boston,
and 12 W. by S. fj-om Plymouth.
The surface of the town is generally level, with considerable good
soil.
Monponset and other ponds
are large collections of water, and
the sources of valuable mill privileges.
There are a cotton and woolen mill in the town, and manufacture > of shoes and straw brold
streets
number of vessels are engaged in
the freighting business, and others
run as packets to various places.
The principal exports are lumber,
granite, and all the common productions of a fertile northern cliThe gr;initc quarries at
mate.
a
;
annual amount of maaufactuics
The
sented from the high grounds on
each side of the village, form an exhibiiion of scenery of uncommon
excellence.
Hallowell is about 3
miles in width, and extends back on
each side of the river 5 miles. It
was incorporated in 1771, and included all the territory of Augusta
and a part of Gardiner. From this
place the brave but traitorous Arnold marched on an expeullion
against Canada, in 1776.
There is one water mill in the
town ; tv/o saw mills, an iron foundry and machine shop, worked by
steam.
Steam boats ply from this
place to Poi-tland and Boston, during the sca'^on of navigation. There
is considerable tonnage at this place:
Halifax, Mass.
total
side of the river.
pally of brick.
Most of the dwelling houses are on the back or elevated streets: they are built, as are
the churches, with great taste, and
being surrounded by beautiful
groves, make a fine appearance.
The varied views of the river, the
neighboring towns, and of a fertile country of hills and vales, pre-
other places.
co.
de-
run parallel with the river, and the
ground ascends 200 fr,^et from the
lower street, or burliness part of the
village.
On this street are 60 commodious stores, constructed princi-
Halifax, Vt.
Windham
is
and Gardiner, two miles below the
former and four miles above the latter.
The principal village is on the
unmanufactured materi-
was scut
Kallowell
lightfully situated on both sides of
Kennebec river, between Augusta
The value of brooms manufactured
was $Sy,248. A considerable quantity of the
co.
Me.
I
Hallov/fU have i)Ci'n vvorki^il for
years with great success.
iifteen
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
Whitneysville, about two miles
from New Haven, is admirably located for manufacturing opperations.
The manufactures at the Cannel
of a light color and
in some years
it hasheen trans"Vessels drawing 9 feet of
ported.
water can come to the wharves in
The
granite
is
wrought:
^100,000 worth of
easily
tvorks, consist of paper, carriages,
coach and elipfic springs, steps,
the centre of the village.
As Ilallowell and Augusta are
so closely united in all their various interests and pursuits, a repetition of what we have said of the
favorable position of Augusta, and
of its future prospects, is unneces-
Mount
axletrees, brass work, &c.
Carmel, a noted elevation, 8 miles
Haven, exhibits an
N. from
New
extensive prospect.
1830, 1,669.
Population,
j
With common success in our
sary.
national aflflurs, and with a continuation of that spirit of enterprize,
Hamilton, Mass.
This is a beautiful
Essex CO.
farming town, and most of the in-
employed in cultivatevery day manifested on the banks habitants are
There are some vessels
ino- it.
of the Kennebec, it requires no
Mormon siiectacles to foresee that hmlt here, and some manufactures
The
boots, and shoes.
within a very few years there will of leather,
Population,
quite small.
be a continuous village from the town is
Ipswich in
Kennebec dam to the mouth of the 1837, 827. Taken from
It lies 8 miles N. by E. from
1793.
Cobbessecontee. Population, IS20,
The present Salem.
1830, 3,964.
2,919
population is about 5,009.
Haniptieii, Me.
Hallowell was, for many years,
Penobscot co. Hampden lies on
the residence of Be^tjamin Vaugthe west side of Penobscot, below
HAN, LL. D. a gentleman highly
It is also
Bangor.
distinguished for his learning, pub- and adjoining
rivvirtues. watered by the Sowadabscook
lic benefactions and private
large and valuable mill stream.
er, a
Hall's stream, ?I. II.,
This is an important township in its
on the Penobscot, its
Rises in the highland? which sep- commerce
manufacture of lumber, and its agthat state from the British doarate
It is one
productions.
minions, and forms the N. W. boun- ricultural
most tlourishing towns on the
dary between New Hampshire and of the
quantity of wheat proLower Canada, from its source to river. The
duced by the farmers, in 1837, was
at
its junction with the Connecticut
Population, 1830,
5,664 bushels.
Stewartstown.
is
;
I
j
I
2,020
Haniileii, Ct.
New Haven co. This
New Haven
taken from
from which
It is
town was
in 1786,
about 6 miles N.
between the East and
it lies
situated
West Rock ranges of mountains,
the southern terminus of the Green
The soil in many
mouiiiain range.
parts is easy of cultivation, but in
general it is more adapted to grazr>Iinerals are
ing than tillage.
found here, among wiiich are specimens of very pure copper. Mill
liver affords
numerous
ter works.
15
;
1837, 2,520.
6'niiles S.
sites for
wa-
Hampden
from Bangor, and 62 E.
N. E. from Augusta.
Hampden County, Mass.
Springfield is the chief town.
This county is very fertile and well
cultivated, and in common with all
the counties on Connecticut river,
presents a rich array of delightful
Its rivers afford an abunscenery.
dant water power; and this county
has become noted for its various and
Much
exten'^ive manufactures.
inland trade is brought to the banks
of the Connecticut,and large exports
it
�NEW ENGLAND
are made from tliis county, the product both of the soil and mechanical labor.
This county was taken
from Hampshire county in 1812.
Population, 1820, 28,021 1830, .31,6 10 18-37, 33,627. Area, 585 square
miles.
Bounded S. by Tolland and
Hartford counties, Connecticut W.
;
;
;
by Berkshire county
;
N. by Hamp-
GAZETTEER.
the
er,
Merrimack through Spiggot rivwhich flows from Wash pond,
near the centre of the town. Anglypond is in the N. E. part of the
town, the waters of which pass into
Powow river. Island pond, in the
S. W, part of the town, contains a
valuable farm of 300 acres.
The
town was granted by Gov. Benning
shire county, and E. by Worcester
county
57 inhabitants to a square
mile.
The Connecticut, Westlield,
named by him
19, 1749, and
after a pleasant vil-
lage live miles
N.
Chickopee, and Quinebaugh are
land.
:
its
chief rivers.
The value
of the manufactures
county, the year ending
April 1,1837, v/as $3,056,302. The
value of wool, the product of 29,950
sheep, was f 44,786.
of
Wentworth, January
of London,
Eng-
He
reserved the island before mentioned for his own farm.
Population in 1830, 913.
this
Mampsliire Comity, Mass.
Mamptoii,
See "
Down
Ble.
East."
Ilainptosi, N. H.,
Rockingham co., lies on the seathe chief town. coast, bounded N. E. by NorthThis ancient county, although its Hampton, S, E. by the Atlantic, S.
limits have been greatly reduced by W. by Hampton Falls,
N, W. by
the production of Franklin and Hampton Falls and part of Exeter
Hampden counties, is still increas- Distant 13 miles S. W. from Portsing in agricultural, commercial and mouth, 7 S. E. from Exeter, and 50
manufacturing strength.
Located S. E. from Concord. The soil is
In the centre of the alluvial basin well adapted to tillage and
mowing,
of the noble Connecticut; blessed and about one fifth of the territory
with a rich and variegated soil, and is a salt marsh. Hampton is pleasgreat water power, this must ever antly situated ; many eminences in
remain one of the most independ- the town affording romantic views
ent counties in New England.
of the ocean. Isles of Shoals, and
Area, 532 square miles. Popula- sea-coast from Cape Ann to Portstion, 1820, 26,447; 1830,30,210; mouth.
Its beaches have long been
1837, 30,413.
Incorporated, 1662. the resort of invalids and parties of
This county is bounded S. by Hamp- pleasure, and are little inferior to the
den, W. by Berkshire, N. by Franlt- famous Nahant beach near Boston.
lin, and E. by Worcester counties
Boar's Head is an abrupt emi57 inhabitants to a square mile. nence extending into the sea, and diThe Connecticut, Westlield, and viding the beaches about halfway
Swift, are its chief rivers.
The between the rivei-'s mouth and the
manufactures of this county, the N. E. corner of the town. On the
year ending April 1, 1837, amount- N. beach are numerous tish-houses,
ed to $2,335,052.
The value of from which the winter and summer
wool, the fleeces of 64,274 sheep, fisheries have been carried on with
amounted to f 103,751.
much success. Great quantities of
the winter fish are carried frozen
Hampstead, N. H.,
into the interior, and to Vermont
Rockingham co., lies partly on and Canada.
the height of land between MerriThe Indian name of this town
mack and Piscataqua rivers. Most was Winnicumet ; it was first setof the waters descend S W. into tled in 1638, by emigrants from
the
JVorthampton
is
:
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
The islands of great beauty, some of
county of Norfolk, England.
which are large, fertile and well
first house was erected in 1635, by
Nicholas Easton, and was called the cultivated
it comprises also nuBound-house.
The town was in- merous bays, and a vast number of
corporated in 1636, and then inclu- coves, inlets and spacious harbors.
Perhaps there is no district of its
ded within its limits what now constitutes the towns of North Hamp- extent on the American coast, that
ton, Hampton Falls, Kensington and offers greater facilities for navigation, in all its various branches, than
Scab rook.
This town was formerly the scene the county of Hancock. The tonof Indian depredations. On the 17th nage of Frenchman's bay, in this
;
county, in 1837, was 13,184 tons.
soil of the county is generally
"whom was a widow Mussey, cele- of an excellent quality, particularly
brated as a preacher among the in the interior. There are a great
number of ponds in the county evFriends.
The Hon. Chuistopher Top- ery section of it is watered by mill
pan died here in Feb., 1819, aged streams, and Union river, nearly
84 he was a very useful and dis- in its centre, affords the interior
tinguished citizen.
Population in part great facilities for transportation.
This county contains an area
1830, 1,103.
of about 1,850 square miles.
PopHampton, Ct.
ulation, 1830, 24,347; 1837, 28,120.
Windham co. This town was Population to a square mile, 15.
taken from Windham and Pomfret This county produced, in 1837, 21,The people are generally 446 bushels of wheat, and containin 1786.
agriculturalists, with a good strong ed 38,870 sheep.
soil of an uneven surface.
The
Hancock, Me.
village is pleasantly situated on high
ground, 33 miles E. from Hartford
Hancock co. This town was takand 6 from Brooklyn.
Hampton en from Sullivan and Trenton in
has good mill seats on a branch of 1828. It is situated between those
Shetucket river. Population, 1830, towns, and is nearly surrounded by
1,101.
the head waters of Frenchman's
bay.
It is a place of some navigaHampton. Falls, N. II.,
tion ; 85 miles E. from Augusta,
Rockingham co., is situated 45 and bounded easterly by Ellsworth.
miles S. E. from Concord, and 16 Population, 1837, 653.
S, W. from Portsmouth.
The soil
Hancock, Hi. H.
is generally good.
Hampton Falls
was originally a part of Hampton,
Hillsborough co.
It is 35 miles
from which it was separated and from Concord, 22 from Amherst,
incorporated, in 1712.
Population, and 19 from Keene.
The W. part
1830, 582.
of the town is mountainous, but affords excellent pasturing and many
Hancock County, Me.
good farms. The other parts of the
Ellsworth is the chief town. This town are agreeably diversified with
county is bounded N. by Penobscot plains, hills and valleys.
On the
cnunty, E. by Washington county, Contoocook, and some of its tribS. by the Atlantic ocean, and W. utary streams, there are several
by Penobscot bay and river, and a tracts of excellent intervale. There
part by Penobscot county.
Its exare two considerable ponds, one of
tent on the ocean is between 50 and which is in the centre, a few rods
60 miles: it comprises numerous N. of the meeting-house.
There
Aug.
1703, a party of Indians
kill-
ed 5 persons in Hampton, among
The
:
:
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
a cotton factory, a paper mill, and
several other manufacturing establishments here ; also a flourishingacademy. Hancock was incorporated Nov. 5, 1779.
It was named
after Gov. Hancock, of Boston, who
was one of the original proprietors.
The first settlement was begun in
1764.
Population, 1830, 1,316.
is
ship,
which
highly improved by
and cuTheir village is about
is
this industrious, hospitable,
rious people.
two miles southeast of the springs.
The Springs
are on the side of a
and are so abundant as to supply a small water power. The waters are tasteless, pure as crystal,
and appear to differ in no respect
from other pure mountain waters,
Haucoclc, Vt.
except in temperature, which is
Addison co.
Several branches always at 72° of Fahrenheit.
of Otter creek rise in this town.
This is a great resort for visitors
Hancock is wholly on the moun- from all directions
some to enjoy
tains, and most of the land fit only the romantic scenery with which
for grazing.
First settled, 1778. this region abounds, and others the
Population, 1830, 472.
benign influence of the waters. The
It lies 30
miles S. W. from Montpelier, and public resorts are well located, and
15 S. E. from Middlebury.
afford excellent accommodations.
New Lebanon is 134 miles W. from
Hancock, Mass*
Boston, 24 E. from Albany, 25 N.
Berkshire co.
This is a moun- E. from Hudson, 7 W. from Pittstainous township, on the line of the field, 23 S. by W. from Williamsstate of New York, the source of town, 156 N. by E. from New
the Housatonick, and the residence York, and 68 N. W. by W. from
of a family of " Shakers."
It lies
Hartford. Ct.
129 miles W. from Boston, 15 N.
Hanover, ]V. H.
by W. from Lenox, and 5 E. from
New Lebanon, New York. IncorGrafton co.
The Connecticut
porated, 1776.
Population, 1S37, river separates it fiom Norwich,
975.
Vermont.
It is 53 miles N. W.
There are one cotton and three from Concord, and 102 from Portswoolen mills in the town, and some mouth.
In this town there is no
manufactures of leather, boots, river nor any considerable stream
shoes, iron castings, and wooden besides the Connecticut.
Mink
ware.
The value of 5,445 fleeces brook, running in aS. W. direction.
of wool, sheared in 1837, amounted Slate brook in a W. course, and
Goose-Pond brook in the N. E. part
to $11,544.
of the town, are among the princiAs we are so near the lovely val- pal streams. Neither of them is
hill,
:
New
Lebanon, its tepid
ley of
springs, and a large family of our
friends, the Shakers, we must be
permitted to cross the line a moment, "just to take a look."
JVew Lebanon,
New
York,
is
in
the county of Columbia, and situated in a delightful valley, surrounded by cultivated hills, which
present scenery greatly variegated
and peculiarly pleasing.
community of Shakers, of between 500 and 600, own about 3,000
acres of excellent land in this town-
A
—
large enough for permanent mill
privileges. There are several small
islands in Connecticut river within
the limits of Hanover, the largest
of which is Parker's island, containing about 20 acres. There are no
natural
Hanover
with
hills
ponds.
The
surface
of
agreeably diversified
and valleys, and the greatis
est part is suitable for farms.
There
but a small proportion of waste
land; less, perhaps, than in any other
It is estown in Grafton county.
timated that ntarly one half is un-
is
'
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
der improvement.
Moose moun-
a considerable elevation, extending across the town from N.
to S., at the distance of about five
tain
is
tacks,
180 feet above the level of its waVegetable substances are
ters.
found in different parts of this plain
at a depth of from 50 to 80 feet.
The principal houses are erected
round a square, level area, of 12
The remainder stand on
acres.
different streets, leading from the
green in all directions.
In this pleasant village
is
may be mentioned
the following
Rev.
D.,
Eleazar Wheelock, D.
who
died April 24, 1779, aged
69.
Hon. John Wheelock, LL. D.,
president of the college 35 years,
who died April 4, 1817, aged 63.
Hon. Bezaleel.
boots,
shoes,
and
annual amount,
Pop. 1837, 1,435.
total
Hanson, Mass.
Plymouth co. This town is waby a branch of North river
and several ponds. It was taken
from Pembroke in 1820, and lies in
tered
the vicinity of large beds of excel-
The manufactures
lent iron ore.
of Hanson consist of ship anchors
and knees, nails, carriage springs,
iron castings, leather, shoes, sawed
total annual
boxes and shingles
amount, about $70,000. Population,
It lies 24 miles S. S.
1837, 1,058.
E. from Boston, and 15 N. N. W.
from Plymouth.
:
Hard^viclc, Vt.
located
Dartmouth College.
See Register.
Among the worthy men who
have finished their earthly career
in this place,
:
about $75,000.
A
miles from Connecticut river.
handsome bridge connects the S.
W, part of the town with Norwich.
The principal village is in the S.
W. corner of the town, on a beautiful and extensive plain, half a
mile from Connecticut river, and
leather,
woolen cloth
Woodward,
Caledonia co. Hardwick is finely watered by Lamoille river, which
gives the town valuable mill sites,
and v/hich are well improved for
manufacturing purposes. The soil
of the town is generally very good,
and produces a variety of exports.
Between six and seven thousand
sheep, and many other cattle, are
kept in the town, a large amount
of which are annually fattened and
sent to market.
Among
the
first
settlers of the
town, in 1790, was Mr. Gideon SaAug. 1804.
Rev. John" Smith, D. D., who bin, whose wife became the mother
who
died
died April, 1809.
Hon. John
Hubbard, who died
in Sept. 1810.
Francis Brown, D. D.,
died July 27, 1820, aged 36.
These gentlemen were all connectPopulation,
ed with the college.
Rev.
who
1830, 2,361.
Hauover, Mass.
Plymouth co. Hanover is bounded S. by North river, which furIt was innishes good mill sites.
corporated in 1727. It lies 23 miles
S. E. from Boston, and 12 N. AV.
from Plymouth. The manufactures
of Hanover consist of bar iron, iron
castings, anchors, ploughs, vessels,
15*
Population, 1830,
of 26 children.
Hardwick lies 20 miles N.
1,216.
N. E. from Montpelier, and 13 N.
W.
from Danville.
Hard^vick, Mass.
Worcester co. Ware river and a
smaller stream pass through the
S. part of this town, and furnish
It lies 62
good mill privileges.
miles W. from Boston and 22 W. by
N. from Worcester. Incorporated,
Population, 1837, 1,818.—
1738.
There are 2 paper mills in the town,
and manufactures of straw bonnets,
palm-leaf hats, boots,shoes, ploughs,
leather, chairs and cabinet ware
annual amount about $ 50,000.
:
�NEW ENGLAND
Hardwick
good
soil,
is
town, of
a pleasant
with
a tine fish
pond.
Harmony, Me.
Somerset co.
This town has an
excellent soil, and is well watered by
a large and beautiful pond, and b3'
other sources of Sebasticook river.
In iS37 it had a population of 1,048,
and produced 6,836 bushels of
wheat.
It
was incorporated in
1803, and lies 53 miles N. by E.
from Augusta, and 23 N. E. from
Norridgewock.
IlarpsTvell,
Me.
Cumberland co. This township
comprises a promontory in Casco
bay, formerly Jllerryconeag, and
several islands surrounding it, the
largest of wiiich is called Sebascodcgaji.
The waters which enclose
this
territory are so situated, at the
northern and eastern extremity of
Casco bay, that a canal of about a
mile in length would unite them
with Kennebec river, near Bath.
The
of Harpswell is very ferand the location delightful in
susnmer. It is a resort for invalids
and parties of pleasure. The peosoil
GAZETTEER.
Long pond are its
western boundary. Tbis is a good
township of land, and produced, in
1837, 3,180 bushels of wheat.
In
the waters of
corporated, 1805. Population, 1837,
Harrison has Otisiield on
1,161.
the E., and is 75 miles W. S. W.
from Augusta, and 45 N.
W.
from
Portland.
Hartford, Me.
Oxford
CO.
This excellent town-
ship is watered by ponds and small
streams, and produced, in 1837, 9,318 bushels of wheat. It lies 31
miles W. from Augusta, and 15 N.
E. from Paris.
Population, 1830,
Incorporated, 17.98.
1,453.
Hartford, Vt.
Windsor co. This town is on the
west side of the Connecticut, and is
otherwise finely watered by White
and Waterqueechy rivers. It lies
42 miles S. S. E. from Montpelier,
and 14 N. from Windsor. First settled, 1764. Population, 1830, 2,044.
The
town is uneven,
warm, and very
The two principal vil-
surface of the
tile,
but the
engaged in farming and fishing.
It lies 22 miles
N. E. from Portland by water, and
4 miles S. E. from Brunswick. Incorporated, 1753. Population, 1837,
productive.
lages are pleasantly located on the
banks of the rivers that meet the
Connecticut at this place, both of
which are flourishing in manufactures and trade. Many cattle, beside
pork, butter, cheese, &c., are sent
to market from Hartford.
In 1837
it had 13,207 sheep.
ple are principally
1,344.
Harrington, Me.
Washington co.
This town is
bounded on the S. and E. by the
waters of Narraguagus bay, and W.
by the river of that name. It has
good mill privileges, excellent harbors, considerable navigation and
trade,
incorporated, 1797.
Popu1837, 1,354.—
Harrington lies 118 miles E. from
Augusta, and 25 W. S. W. from
Machias.
lation, 1830, 1,118;
Harrison, Me.
Cumberland
co.
Crooked river
passes the E. side of this town, and
soil is rich,
Hartford Connty,
Ct.
Hartford is the chief town. This
county is bounded N. by Hampden
count j^ Mass., E. by Tolland county, S. by the counties of Middlesex
and New Haven, and W. by the
county of Litchfield. This is considered the most important and valuable county in the state, in regard to the variety and richness of
its soil, and the high state of culture it has attained.
It was constituted in 16G6, since which, Tolland county and parts of Middlesex, Windham, Litchfield, and New
�NEAV
ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
Its
London have been detached.
present limits compiise an area of
Besides
about 727 square miles.
the Connecticut, which traverses
its whole length, the Farmington,
Hackanum, Podunk, Scaniic, and
otlier streams, water the county in
On these
almost every direction.
streams important manufacturingestablishments have sprung up, and
unite with the agricultural interest
and river trade in rendering tiiis
county the centre of a large and
flourishing business. In 1S37 there
were in the county 29,o7(> sheep.
Population, 1820, 47,261 ;
1830,
51,141: 70 inhabitants to a square
.^ile.
Hartford, Ct.
Tht
first
English settlement in
was commenced in 1635,
by Mr. John Steel and his associates
from Newtown, (now Cainbridge)in
Massachusetts. The main body of
the first settlers, with Mr. Hooker
Hartfori}
at their head, did not arrive
till
had no guide but their compass,
and made their way over mountains,
through swamps, thickets and rivers, vvhich were not passable but
with great difficulty. They had no
cover but the heavens, nor any
lodgings but those that simple naThey droA^e
ture afforded them.
with tliem a hundred and sixty head
of cattle, and by the way s'.ibsisted
Mrs.
on the milk of their cows.
Hooker was borne through the wilThe people
derness upon a litter.
carried their packs, arms, and some
utensils. They were nearly a fortnight on their journe^^
This adventure was the more remarkable,
many
of the
company were
A
Samuel Stone and William Goodwin, who appear to have acted in
behalf of the
first settlers.
The town
N.
of Hartford is bounded
by Windsor and Bloomfield, E.
by Connecticut river, S. by Wethersfield, and W, by Farmington and
Avon.
It is about six miles in
length from north to south, and aveThe
rages about five in breadth.
western part of the town has a soil
of red gravelly earth, very rich and
That part near the
productive.
river is covered with a strong clay,
The latter
or a rich black mould.
is principally in the valuable tract
of meadow adjacent to Connecticut
river.
the
following year.
"About the beginning of June,
(says Dr. Trumbull,) Mr. Hooker,
Mr. Stone, and about one hundred
men, women and children, took
their departure from Cambridge,
and traveled more than a hundred
miles, through a hideous and trackThey
less wilderness, to Hartford.
as
sons of figure, who had lived in
England, in honor, atHuence and
delicacy, and were entire strangers
to fatigue and danger."
The Indian name of Hartford was
Suckiag.
deed appears to have
been given by Sunckquasson, the
sacJiem of the place, about 1636, to
per-
Hartford City,
incorporated
over a mile in length
upon the river, and about three
The
fourths of a mile in bi-eadth.
in 17S4,
is
alluvial flat
upon the river
is
nar-
row, being from 40 to 100 rods, and
is connected with the upland by a
very gradual elevation. It is situated on the west side of Connecticut river, 45 miles from its mouth.
It is in N. lat. 41° 45' 59'', ^Y.
Ion. 72° 40'.
It is 260 miles S.
W. from Augusta, Maine ; 139 S.
S. W. from Concord, New Hampshire ; 205 S. from Montpelier, Vermont; 97 W. S. W. from Boston,
Massachusetts ; 64 W. from Providence, Rhode Island; 110 N. E.
from the city of New York, and
335 E. from Washington.
The
legislature of the state as-
sembles alternatel}^ at Hartford and
New Haven, the odd years at Hartford.
The
city
is
ratlier irregular-
ly laid out, and is divided at the S.
part by Mill, or Little river. Across
this
stream a fine bridge of free-
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
stone has been thrown, which connects the two parts of the city.
This structure is 100 feet wide,
supported by a single arch, 7 feet
in thickness at the base, and 3 feet
3 inches at the centre, the chord or
span of which is 104 feet; elevavation from the bed of the river to
the top of the arch, 30 feet 9 inches.
Another bridge, across Connecticut river, 1,000 feet long, and
which cost over $100,000, unites the
city with East Hartford.
Hartford
very advantageously situated for
business, is surrounded by an extensive and wealthy district, and
communicates with the towns and
villages on the Connecticut above
by small steam-boats, two of which,
for passengers, ply daily between
Hartford and Springfield. The remainder are employed in towing flat
bottomed boats, of 15 to 30 tons
is
burthen, as far as Wells' river, 220
miles above the city.
The coasting trade is very considerable, and
there
on.
is
some foreign trade carried
A daily line of steam-boats pass
between Hartford and
The manufactures
New
York.
of this city ex-
ceed $900,000 per annum among
these are various manufactures of
tin, copper, and sheet iron
block
tin and pewter ware ; printing presses and ink ; a manufactory of iron
machinery ; iron foundries, saddlery, carriages, joiners' tools, paperhangings, looking-glasses, umbrellas, stone ware, a brewery, a web
manufactory,
cabinet furniture,
boots and shoes, hats, clothing for
exportation, soap and candles, manufactories of machine and other
wire cards, operated by dogs, &c.
More than twice as many books, it
is stated, are published here, annu;
;
are manufactured in any
other place of equal population in
ally, as
the United States.
The city is well built, and contains many elegant public and private edifices. The state-house, in
which are the public offices of the
state, is surmounted by a cupola.
and
is
a
very handsome and spa-
cious building.
The
city hall, built
purposes, is also spacious
and elegant ; it has two fronts, with
supported each by six
porticos,
for
city
—
massive columns. The American
Asylum for the deaf and dumb, the
Retreat for the insane, and WashCollege, are all beautifully
located, in the immediate vicinity
The population withof the city.
in the city limits, in September,
1S35, was nine thousand and eight
ington
hundred.
" The American Asylum
for the
education and instruction of deaf
and dumb persons, was founded by
an association of gentlemen in HartTheir attenford, Conn., in 1S15.
tion was called to this important
charity by a case of deafness in the
family of one of their number.
An interesting child of the late Dr.
Cogswell, who had lost her hearing
at the age of two years, and her
speech soon after, was, under Providence, the cause of its establishment.
Her father, ever ready to
sympathize with the afflicted, and
prompt to relieve human suffering,
embraced in his plans for the education of his own daughter, all who
might be similarly unfortunate.
The co-operation of the benevolent
was easily secured, and measures
were taken to obtain from Europe
a knowledge of the difficult art,
unknown in this country, of teach-
ing written language through the
mediixm of signs, to the deaf and
dumb. For this purpose, the Rev.
Thomas H. Gallaudet visited England and Scotland, and applied at
the institutions in those countries
system but
meeting with unexpected ditficulties, he repaired to France, and obtained, at the Royal Institution at
Paris, those qualifications for an
instructor of the deaf and dumb,
which a selfish and mistaken policy had refused him in Great I3ritain. Accompanied by Mr. Laurent
for instruction in their
;
�NEW ENGLAND
Clerc, himself deaf and dumb, and
years a successful teacher under the Abbe Sicard, Mr. Gallaudet returned to this country in
August, 181f). The Asylum had,
in May preceding, been incorporaSome
ted by the state legislature.
months were spent bj' Messrs. Gallaudet and Clerc in obtaining funds
for the benefit ot the institution,
and in the spring of 1S17 the Asylum was opened for the reception of
those for whom it was designed, and
the course of instruction commenced
for several
with seven pupils.
" As the knowledge of the
in-
extended, and the facilities for obtaining its
advantages
were multiplied, the number of pupils increased from seven to one
hundred and forty, which for several years past has not been much
above the average number; and
since its con)meucement, in lS17,to
1837, instiuctioH has been imparted
to four hundred and seventy-seven
deaf and dumb persons.
" In 1819, Congress granted the institution a township of land in Alabama, the proceeds of which have
stitution
been invested
as a permanent fund.
principal building was erected
in 1820, and the pupils removed to
it in the spring of the following
year.
It is one hundred and thirty
feet long, fifty feet wide, and, including the basement, four stories
The
Other buildings have been
subsequently erected, as the in-
high.
creasing number of pupils made it
necessary; the principal of which
is a dining hall and workshops for
Attached to the
the male pupils.
institution are eight or ten acres of
land, which afford ample room for
exercise, and the cultivation of vegetables and fruits for the pupils.
" The system of instruction adopted at this institution is substantially
the same as that of the French
school at Paris.
It has, however,
been materially improved and modified
by Mr. Gallaudet and his asThis system, and indeed
sociates.
GAZETTEER.
other rational system of
teaching the deaf and dumb, is based upon the natural language of
every
signs.
By this we mean those gestures which a deaf and dumb person will naturally use to express his
ideas, and to
make known
his
wants
Tiiese
previous to instruction.
gestures and signs are rather />/cforial, that is, an exact outline of the
object, delineated by the hands in
the air; or descriptive, giving an
idea of an object by presenting
some of its prominent and striking
features ; or conventional, such as
may have been agreed upon by a
deaf and dumb person and his associates.
As there are very few
objects which can be expressed
with sufficient clearness by the delineation of its outline alone, a descriptive sign is usually connected
with it.
Thus, in making a sign
for a book, the outline is first delineated by the fore finger of both
hands. To this is added the descriptive signs of opening a book, placing it before the eyes, and moving
It may
the lips as in reading.
therefore simplify the classification
of natural signs if the first two divisions be united
and it will be
sufficiently accurate to say that all
the signs used by the deaf and dumb
are either descriptive or conventional.
By far the greater part of
these signs belong to the former
class; as it includes the signs for
;
most
common
A
objects, actions
and
emotions.
deaf and dumb child
constructs his language upon the
same principle as the child who can
hear ; that of imitation.
" In the school-room, the instructor makes use of natural signs to
communicate ideas to his pupils, of
systematic signs to enable them to
translate their own into written language ; of the tnanual alphabet^
or signs of the hand, corresponding
to the letters of the alphabet ; and
of v^ritten symbols to express the
grammatical lelations of words.
" The pupils usually remain at
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
the
Asylum
four or five years, in
which time an intelligent child will
acquire aknowiedgeof the common
operations of arithmetic, of geography, grammar, history, biography,
and of written language, so as to
enable him to understand the Scriptures, and books written in a familiar style. He will of course be able
to converse with others by writing,
and to manage his own affairs as a
farmer or mechanic.
There are
workshops connected with the institution, in which the boys have
the opportunity of learning a trade,
and many of them, by devoting four
hours each day to this objeci.. be-
" This site was selected as one
pre-eminently calculated to attract
and engage the attention, and soothe
and appease the morbid fancies and
feelings of the
ulties are not
patient Vvhose fac-
sunk below or raised
above the sphere of relations that
And if he is
originally existed.
not beyond the reach of genial sen-
connected with external
he will undoubtedly feel the
conscious evidence that this situa
tion most happily unites the tranquilizing influence of seclusion and
retirement, wiih the cheering eftect
of an animated picture of active
life, continually passing in review
come skillful workmen, and when before his eyes, while himself is
they leave the Asylum find no dif- remote, and secure from the annoyficulty in supporting themselves. ance of its bustle and noise.
" The edifice for the accommodaThe annual charge to each pupil is
one hundred dollars.
tion of the patients, and ihose who
'* The department
of instruction have the care of them, is constructis under the control of the principal
ed of unhewn free-stone, covered
of the institution, who has also a with a smooth, whrte, water-proof
general oversight of the other de- cement.
Its style of architecture
partments. The pupils ars distrib- is perfectly plain and simple, and
uted into eight or nine classes^ the interesLs only by its symmetrical
immediate care m wnich is com- beaut}', and perhaps by the idea ii
mitted to the same number of as- impresses of durability and strength,
sistant instructotv.
Wiien out of derived from the massy solidity of
school, the pu ils are under tne care its materials.
Yet notv/ithstanding
of a steward and matron.'*
these, its general aspect is remarkably airy and cheerful, from the
Retreat for the Insane. " This amplitude of its lights, and the brilinstitution is situated on a command- liant whiteness of its exterior. The
ing eminence> at the distance of a whole building is divided into commile and a quarter, in a southwest- modious and spacious apartments,
erly direction, from the State House
in Hartford.
It was opened April
The elevation overlooks
1, 1824.
an ample range of fertile country,
presenting on every side a most interesting landscape, adou^ed with
every beauty of rural scenery,
that can be found in rich and cultivated fields, and meadows of unrivalled verdure 5 in extensive groves
and picturesque groups of forest,
fruit and ornamental trees ; and
above all, in the charming diversity of level, sloping and undulating
surfaces, terminating by distant
hills, and more distant mountains.
sations,
objects,
adapted to various descriptions of
cases, according to their sex, nature
and disease, habits of life, and the
wishes of their friends. The male
and female apartments are entirely separated, and either sex is completely secluded from the view of
the other.
Rooms are provided in
both male and female apartments
for the accommodation of the sick,
where they are removed from any
annoyance, and can continually receive the kind attentions of their
immediate relations an'' friends.
Attached to the building are about
seventeen acres of excellent land.
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
" Sir Edmund Andros being appointed the first governor-general
Bosover New England, arrived in
From this place
ion in Dec. 16S6.
he wrote to the colony of Connectiwithcut to resign their charter, but
met
out success. " ' The assembly
October, and the govLs usual, in
ernment continued according to
month.
charter, until the last of the
is laid
the principal part of which
walks, ornamental grounds
out in
each
and extensive gardens. With
wing and block of the building is
connected a court-yard, encompassed by high fences, and handsomely
the benlaid out,''designed to afford
and fresh
efit of exercise, pastime
safely be
air, to those who cannot^^
range abroad."
allowed to
The mode of treatment at this
adopted
institution is similar to that
Charlesat the McLean Asylum,
with
this time. Sir Edmund,
sixty reguhis suite and more than
Harttord when
lar troops, came to
About
and dethe assembly were sitting,
manded the charter, and declared
town, Mass.
« Washington College. This inIt
stitution was founded in 1826
has two edifices of free stone one
sto143 feet long by 43 wide, and 4
the
hi"-h, containing 48 rooms;
ries
stories
other 87 feet by 55, and 3
;
librahigh, containing the chapel,
mincralogical cabinet, philoryt
and
sophical chamber, laboratory
See Register.
rooms.
recitation
be
dis-
The assembly were
ex-
the o-overnment under
solved.
it
to
retremely reluctant and slow with
surrender
spect to any resolve -o
to any
the charter, or with respect
The trait forth.
motion to bring
Treat strongis, that governor
dition
expense
ly represented the great
in
and hardships of the colonists
planting the
and treasure
country;
the blood
which they had ex-
it, both against
This tree pended in defending
Charter Oalc.
savages and foreigners to what
the
stands on the beautiful elevation
exhardships he himself haa been
which rises above the south meadthat it
posed for that purpose anu
ows, a few rods north of the ancient
now to
The was like giving up his life,
seat of the Wyllys family.
privileges
and surrender the patent and
tree is still in a vigorous state,
so long enjoycentury. so dearly bought and
Tlie
:
;
may
fiourisli
for
another
"That venerable
tree,
which
concealed the charter of our rights,"
ylsays a daughter of Secretary ^\
Wyllys
lys, "stands at the foot of
The first inhabitant of that
hill.
name found it standing in the height
The important affair was deed
until the
bated and kept in suspense
when the charter was
evening,
table
brought and laid upon the
where the assembly were sitting.
By this time great numbers of peomen suthhave ple were assembled, and
bold to enterprise whatever
ciently
Age seems to
of its glory.
not
curtailed its branches, yet it is
exceeded in the height of its colorThe
ing, or richness of its foliage.
measures twenty one feet in
trunk
circumference, and near seven
was
diameter. The cavity, which
near
the asylum of our charter, was
to adthe roots, and large enough
of
mit a child. Within the space
closed,
eight years, that cavity has
m
as^if
it
had
fulfilled the divine pur-
pose for which
The
is
it
had been reared."
story of the " Charter
thus told by Mr. Barber.
Oak"
might be necessary or expedient.
The
lights
were
instantly
extin-
guished, and one Capt. V/adsworth,
and
of Hartford, in the most silent
manner, carried off the charsecret
large holter, and secreted it in a
Hon.
low tree, fronting the house of
Wyllys, then one of the
Samuel
Ihe
magistrates of the colony.
peaceable and
all appeared
people
The candles were offiorderly.
patent
ciously re-lighted, but the
and no discovery could
was gone,
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
be made of it, or the persons
canied it away.' "
who
bushels of wheat in 1837, some
wool and other valuable commodities,
it was incorporated in 1820.
Population, 1837, 890.
It lies 42
miles N. by E. from Augusta, and
18 N. E. from Norridgewock.
West Hartford, or, as it was
formerly called, West Division, is
a fine tract of land. The inhabitants are mostly substantial farmers,
Hartland, Vt.
and the general appearance of the
place denotes an unusual share of
Windsor co. Timothy Lull was
equalized wealth and prosperity. the father of this flourishing reThe venerable Nathan Per- public.
He took his family from
kins, D. D., still continues his la- Dunimerston, up Connecticut river
bors in the ministry in this place. about 50 miles, in a log canoe, in
In 1S33, his sixtieth anniversary 1763. He landed at the mouth of
sermon was published. In that ser- a beautiful stream, called Lull's
mon he says, " I am now the oldest Brook. His nearest neigh Ijors were
olficiating minister of the gospel in more than 20 miles distant.
He
this state, and, as far as I can learn, commenced a settlement on laull's
in the United States.
And I can- Brook, and, after acquiring a handnot learn, from the history of church- some property, died there at the
es in Connecticut, that there has age of 81.
Timothy Lull, jr., was
ever been an instance of one of its the first child born in the town.
ministers preaching for sixty years On the occasion of his birth, a miduninterruptedly to the same con- wife was drawn 23 miles on a hand
sled.
^l^gregation."
Dr. Perkins stated, as we are informed, that from the commence-
ment
of his
ministry,
that in his
church there had been one thousand deaths and one thousand baptisms that he had delivered four
thousand written sermons, and three
thousand extemporaneous ones, on
other occasions of worship that he
had attended sixty ordinations and
installations, and had preached 20
ordination sermons, twelve of which
had been published by request that
he had attended one hundred eccle-
—
—
;
siastical councils, to heal difficulties
in the churches, and that he had
fitted for college one hundred and
fifty students, and more than thirty
for the gospel ministry.
Hartland, Me.
Somerset co.
This excellent
township is watered on its eastern
boundary by one of the principal
branches of Sebasticook river. The
inhabitants are principally engaged
in agricultural pursuits, and the soil
richly rewards them for their industry.
Hartland produced 4,836
This is a rich farming town, pleasantly diversified by hills and valleys.
Hartland produces
many
cat-
ten thousand sheep graze in
its pastures.
It lies on the west
bank of Connecticut river. Waterqueechy river, at the N. part of the
town, and Lull's Brook, at the S.,
give it a water power of great value.
On these streams are neat villages and flourishing manufacturing establishments,
Hartland lies
50 miles S. S. E. from Montpelier
and 9 N. from Windsor.
Population, 1830, 2,503.
tle
:
Hai'tlaiid, Ct.
Hartford co.
This town is 22
miles N, W. from Hartford,
It lies
in a mountainous part of the state
most of the land is cold and fit only
for grazing.
branch of Farmington river passes through the
town, and forms M'hat is called
Hartland holloiv, a deep ravine,
presenting some bold and picturesque scenery. Hartland was incorporated in 1761.
First settled,
1753.
Population, 1830- 1,221.
A
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
Harvard, Mass.
Worcester co.
This town was
taken from Stow, Groton and Lancaster, in 1732.
It is washed on
situated on high ground, abounding
with granite rocks and more fit for
grazing than
tillage.
Hatfield, Mass.
by Nashua river. It
Hampshire co. This is a weallies 30 miles N. W. from Boston,
thy agricultural township, noted
20 N. E. from Worcester, and 13
W. from Concord. Here are two for its good soil and fine beef cattle.
the
W.
side
large ponds with fine fish, and quarries of slate used for monuments.
About 200 of that industrious sect,
called shakers, reside here, and own
a considerable tract of excellent
land.
They live about 3 miles N.
E. from the centre of the town, and
supply the market with a great variety of wares, fruits, seeds, herbs,
&.C. &c., the product of their mechanical ingenuity and horticultural skill.
There are three paper mills in
Harvard, and manufactures of palmleaf hats, boots, shoes, leather and
grave stones: annual value about
Large quantities of hops
$40,000.
have been raised in this place.
Population, 1837, 1,566.
Har^vicli, Mass.,
Barnstable co., on the S. side of
Cape Cod, 14 miles E. from Barnstable.
Incorporated, 1694.
Population, 1830, 2,464; 1837,2,771.
On Herring river, the outlet of
Long pond, are cotton and other
mills.
Some vessels are built here
and some salt manufactured.
The
product of the cod and mackerel
fishery the year ending April 1,
1S37, was $33,000.
Harwich is a
the village makes
pleasant town
a good appearance from the sea.
:
Harwinton,
Ct.
Litchfield co.
Har-win-ton derived its name from three syllables
taken from the names of Hartford,
AVindsor and Farmington.
It was
first settled in 1731
incorporated,
1737.
Population, 1830,1,516.
It
lies 23 miles W. from Hartford, 40
N. by W. from
Haven, and 8
;
New
E. from Litchfield.
16
Harwinton
is
on the W. side of Connecticut river, 5 miles N. from Northampton, and 95 W. from Boston.
Incorporated, 1"')70.
Population,
The manufactures of
1837, 937.
the town consist of corn brooms,
boots, shoes, palm-leaf hats, and carriages annual value about $50,000.
There is an elm tree in Hatfield
It lies
;
which
is said to measure, two feet
from the ground, thirty four feet in
circumference.
Haverliill, N. H.,
Grafton co., is one of the shire
towns.
It lies 31 miles N. W. from
Plymouth, and 70 N. N. W. from
Concord.
It is watered by OliveHaverhill
rian and Hazen brooks.
The soil is suitis a pleasant town.
ed to every species of cultivation.
There is a quarry of granite suitable for mill stones and buildings,
and a bed of iron ore, on the W.
side of Coventry, bordering this
town.
The
principal village
is at
the S.
W.
angle of the town, and known
by the name of Haverhill Corner.
is a beautiful common in this
village, laid out in an oblong square,
There
around which the buildings regu-
The site is a handsome
larly stand.
elevation, overlooking the adjacent
many miles N. and S., and
not less than 6 or 7 miles E. and W.
From the street, the ground slopes
with unusual elegance to the W.,
country
and
is
vales.
succeeded by broad interThe prospect here is de-
There is another village
AV. angle of the town, on
a street nearly a mile in length,
straight and very level.
lightful.
at the
N.
Haverhill was granted, 1764. Its
settlement was made in 1764,
first
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
by Capt. John Hazen, who settled
on the Little Ox Bow, near where
there had formerly been an Indian
and burying ground, and where
Indian skulls and relics have
been found. Several of the early
settlers were from Newbury and
Haverhill, Mass., and from the last
place, this town derived its name.
Its former name was Lower Coos.
Hon. Moses Dow was one of the
most distinguished citizens of this
fort
many
place.
Hon.
Charles Johnston, who
died March 5, 1813, aged 76, resided here.
He was a valuable officer in the revolution, and was many years judge of probate in Grafton county.
Haverhill is so situated as to command an extensive inland trade it
is easily approached from Boston
:
by the Andover and Wilmington
rail-road, which is extending to Exeter,
N. H., and from thence
to
Maine.
Haverhill, the Indian Pentuckwas first settled in 1641 it was
a frontier settlement for nearly half
a century and suffered great calamities by savage depredations.
It was incorporated in 1645.
Population, 1820, 3,070; 1830, 3,896; 1837, 4,726.
ett,
:
Hawley, Mass.
Franklin co. Hawley is on elevated ground, and watered by
Hon. James Woodward and Hon. branches of Deerfield river. The
Ezekiel Ladd were among the early soil is good for grazing, and feeds
considersettlers, and were judges of the old about 3,000 sheep.
county court. Population, in 1S30, able quantity of leather is tanned
Incorporated, 1792.
in this town.
2,153.
Population, 1837, 995.
Hawley
Haverliill, Ma&s.
has good iron ore and some iron
Essex CO. This ancient, respect- works. It lies 107 miles W. by N.
able and flourishing manufacturing from Boston, and 14 W. by S. from
town, lies on the N. side of the Greenfield.
A
Merrimack river, at the head of
navigation, and united to Bradford by
two beautiful bridges. It is 30 miles
N. from Boston, 31 N. N. W. from
Salem, 12 W. by S. from Newburyport, 18 N. E. from Lowell, 30
S. W. from Portsmouth, N. II. and
40 S. E. from Concord, N. H. Little river passing through the town
affords a good hydraulic power, on
which are manufacturing establish-
ments of various kinds. The manufactures consist of woolen goods,
leather, boots, shoes, hats, shovels,
spades, forks, hoes, chairs, cabinet
ware, combs, ploughs,
tin
ware,
vessels, pahn-leaf hats, shoe lasts,
spirits, morocco leather, chaises and
harnesses: total amount the year
ending April 1, 1837, $1,357,526.
Haverhill is delightfully located,
handsomely built, and has been the
birth place and residence of many
of the most valuable and distinguished citizens of New England.
Haynesville, Me.
Washington county. See "
Down
East."
Heatli, Mass.
A
mountainous
Franklin co.
township good for grazing sheep, of
which 2,312 were kept in 1837.
There are
in
Heath some manufac-
tures of leather, boots, shoes and
palm-leaf hats. Incoiporated, 1785.
It lies 125
Population, 1837, 953.
miles W. N. W. from Boston, and
13 W. N. W. from Greenfield.
Hetiron, Me.
Oxford CO, This is a good farming town, lying S. E. from Paris
about 7 miles, and 42 W. S. W.
from Augusta. Incorporated, 1792.
Population, 1837, 972.
Ilelbvon, N. H.,
Grafton co.,
lies
9 miles S.
W
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
Henniker was granted in 1752,
under the name of JVumber 6. Its
from Plymouth, and 40 N. W. from
A considerable part of
Concord.
Newfound
lake
lies in
part of this town.
It
the S. E.
has no river,
nor any important streams. Nearincluly one half of this town was
ded in the grant of Cocke rmouth,
now Groton. The remaining part
was taken from Plymouth. It was
Population in
incorporated, 1792.
It
settlement commenced in 1761.
was incorporated in 1768, when it
received its present name from Gov.
in honor of his friend
Henniker, probably John Henniker, Esq., a merchant in London and
Wentworth,
member of
a
at that time.
1,725.
1830, 538.
Ilenuon, Me.
Heljroii, Ct.
Tolland co. Hop river, a branch
town.
of the Willimantic, waters this
The village of Hebron, with its
Gothic church, 20 miles S. E. from
Hartford, and 14 S. from Tolland,
a good
is pleasant and commands
There
prospect.
are in the
town
2
Penobscot
ulation, 1837, 535.
Higligate, Vt.
;
The
ufactories.
is
pond in the
S.
surface
of
fertile.
handsome sheet of water. Hebron
was first settled, 1704. Incorporated, 1707. Population, 1830,1,939.
Heiiu.ik.er, N.
Franklin CO.
the
North
part of the town is a
hillv, but
H.
Merrimack co. It is 23 miles N.
TV. from Amherst, and 15 W. from
Contoocook river passes
Concord.
easterly through its centre, and divides the town into nearly equal
portions of territory and population.
Its course is rather circuitous, and
in many places presents scenes of
considerable interest and beauty.
Few places afford better prospects
of wafor the successful operation
Long pond
is
This town
lies
on
the E. side of Lake Champlain, at
Engthe N. W. corner of
It
land, and of the United States.
Montpeis 60 miles N. W. from
Albans.
lier, and 12 N. from St.
The soil
First settled, about 1784.
some parts
is generally sandy, in
New
Bog iron ore, of a good
There are
quality, is found here.
many mill privileges in Highgate,
particularly at a fall of the river
Missisque, where are iron works,
swampy.
The
and other manufactories.
scenery at this place is quite wild
and picturesque. Population, 1830,
Highgate is a place of con2,038.
siderable trade with Canada, and
down
There
ter machinery than this.
are several ponds of considerable
size.
A good township
A
co.
of land, 7 miles W. from Bangor.
large pond and the Sowadabscook
In
river water its S. W. corner.
1,870 bushel of wheat was
1837,
PopIncorporated, 1814.
raised.
cotton, 1 woolen, and 1 paper, mills
a large iron furnace and other man-
town
the British parliament
Population, in 1830,
the lake.
Hill, N.
H.
This town is 24 miles
Grafton
N. N. W. from Concord, and 44 S.
S. E. from Haverhill. It is watered
by Pemigewasset and Smith's
co.
the largest, be-
ing between 1 and 2 miles in length,
and from 40 to 80 rods wide— situated 1 mile N.of the centre village.
and several small streams.
Eagle pond is the only one of note.
Ragged mountain is a considerable
elevation, and but little inferior to
Kearsarge. Viewed from the suinhills, this
produce good mit of tlie neighboring
wheat— the valleys
appears very uneven, yet
town
rivers,
the principal elevation, and embraces a large portion
of territory on the S. of the town.
It is mostly in a state of cultivation.
The soil of the hills is favorable for
Craney
hill
is
crops of corn.
;
�NEW ENGLAND
there are many fine tracts converted
The soil in
into productive farms.
some parts is rich and fertile it is
—
GAZETTEER.
lake, the Massabesick, on the E.
boundary of Manchester. Besides
these there are numerous ponds,
There is at the S. interspersed through the whole exgenerally good.
Some of the
E, section of the town, a flourish- tent of territory.
ing village, situated on a spacious largest of these are Gregg's pond,
in Antrim, Pleasant pond, in Franstreet 1 mile in length.
This town was granted Sept. 14, cestown, Babboosuck pond, in Am1753, to 87 proprietors, who held herst, and Potanipo, in Brookline.
their first meeting at Chester, and as There are several mineral springs
the greater part of the inhabitants which have been found serviceable
belonged to that place, it was called in cutaneous affections, but no one
New Chester; which name it retain- has yet acquired general celebrity.
ed until Jan. 1837, when it was Minerals have been found in varichanged to the name of Hill, in ous places, but not in great abuncompliment to the then governor dance.
Hill.
The first settlement was in This county possesses many advan1768.
In Dec. 1820, six children of Mr.
William Follansbee were consumed in the flames of his house, while
he and his wife were absent. Incorporated, 1778. Population, 1830,
1,090.
Hillslboroiigli
County, N. H.
Amherst is the shire town. Hillsborough has Merrimack county on
the N., Rockingham on the E., the
state of Massachusetts on the S.,
and Cheshire county on the W.
The surface of this county is gensrally uneven, though there are but
Lyndebofew lofty mountains.
rough mountain, in the township of
Lyndeborough, the Unconoonock,
in Goffstown, Crotched, in Francestown and Society Land, are of considerable altitude.
This section of
New
The
Hampshire
noble and majestic Merrimack passes its southeastern border.
At Nashua, the
Nashua, a beautiful stream from
Massachusetts, discharges its waNorth of
ters into the Merrimack.
the Nashua, the Souhegan and Piscataquog,streams of much value and
consequence to the manufacturing
interests, discharge themselves into the Merrimack ; the former in
the township of Merrimack, the
Part of a large
latter in Bedford.
collection of vyater, denominated a
is
well watered.
tages for manufacturing establishments, and it is gratifying to find
that many of its citizens are turning their attention to this branch of
national and individual wealth.
The settlement of this county
was made at Nashua, lately Dunsome years before the war
with king Philip, in 1675.
It was
constituted a county by an act of
the General Assembly, 19 March,
1771.
It received its name from
stable,
the Earl of Hillsborough, one of
the privy council of George III.
The population, in 1775, was 13,132; in 1790, 24,536; in 1800, 31,260; in 1810, 34,410; in 1820,
In
35,761; and in 1830, 37,762.
1837, there were 45,511 sheep in
this county.
Hillslborougli, N.
Hillsborough co.
It is
H.
23 miles
N. W. from Amherst, 24 W. S. W.
from Concord.
This town is well
Contoocook river passes
watered.
through the S. E. corner, and affords
several excellent water privileges.
Hillsborough river has its source
from ponds in Washington runs in a
S. E. course through the whole extent of Hillsborough, receiving the
outlets of several ponds on the E.,
and forms a junction with the Contoocook, on the S. line of this town.
The land here is uneven, but it affords many good farms.
There is
;
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
New
2(1
a pleasant village on the
Hampshire turnpike, which passes
through this town, contain-
N. W.
number
ing a
stores, mills,
of dwelling houses,
and a cotton and wool-
en
Hillsborough was formerly known
factory.
of vessels belong to
are engaged in
the cod and mackerel fishery, and
coasting trade ;— aggregate tonnage
About 80
this place,
sail
which
about 5,000 tons.
In this town is an iron foundry,
considerable ship building, a steam
and large quantibucket factory
name "of .Vumber 7 of fronwooden wares are
The tirst settlement ties of other'
tier towns.
manufactured, and some salt.
tirst chilThe
was made in 1741.
The amount of manufactures of
born in Hillsborough were
by
;
the
dren
JNIary Gibson,
intermarried, and received as
John M'Calley and
who
prina gift a tract of land, from the
It was incorpocipal proprietor.
Population, 1830,
rated in 1772.
1,792.
Hiiiesl>urs'->
"*"*•
Chittenden co. Piatt river and
Lewis creek water this town.
part of the town is mountainous,
but the soil is generally very good,
A
About
grazing.
and
9,000 sheep are kept here,
products of the farms are exsome
Hinesbureh contains a
ported.
for
particularly
pleasant
and
village,
numerous
manufacturing operations are found
First settled about
on its streams.
It
Population, 1S30, 1,669.
1785.
Burlinglies 13 miles S. S. E. from
ton,
and 26
W.
from Montpeher.
Hiiis'^a»»> Mass.
Plymouth
co.
A
pleasant tov/n
on Boston harbor, and an agreeable
strangers.
resort for citizens and
miles S. E. from Boston,
It lies 11
by water, and 14 by
land.
Hing-
cove is 5 miles S. W. from
Nantasket beach, about 6 W. trom
W.
Cohasset harbor, and 24 N. N.
Plymouth. First settled, 1633.
from
ham
Population, in
Incorporated, 1635.
1830,3,357; 1837,3,445.
Major-general
coln, was born
Benjamin Lin-
in
this
town, Jan.
1810.
23, 1733; he died May 9,
its
This town is remarkable for
Durhealthiness and longevity.
in one
ing 50 years, 8 persons died
was 84
ho^ise, whose average age
years.
for the year ending April
1337, was $237,078. They coniron
sisted of leather, boots, shoes,
tin
castings, hats, ploughs, cabinet,
and wooden wares, silk, salt, vesblocks,
sels, umbrellas, spars and
Hino-ham,
1,
cordage, carriages, hammers, and
The product of the cod
hatchets.
and mackerel tir-hery, the same
Total amount
year, was $1 13,700.
the
of
fishery
and manufactures
$350,773.
Derby Academy,
a tree
school,
and the JVillard Private Academy,
seminaries,
are highly respectable
and promise great privileges to parents.
A commodious steam-boat phes
between this and Boston, in summer months, two or three times a
and
The hotels are large,
day.
furnish excellent accommodations.
and
Baker's Hill presents extensive
harbor.
delightful views of Boston
An
excursion
to
Hingham
is
very
pleasant.
Hiusdale, N. H.
It is 75 miles S.
Cheshire co.
It is well
from Concord.
with springs and rivulets
watered
W. by W.
The Connecwashes its western border;
and the Ashuelot runs through the
of the purest water.
ticut
the
centre, forming a junction with
a little below the great
Connecticut,
Kilcalled Cooper's point.
*end,
burn brook
Pisgah mounAshuelot
Ash-swamp brook rises |a
river.
West river mountain, runs a S. V.
Connexticourse, and tails into the
tain,
rises in
runs S. and
falls into
Hinsdale's fort
cut, near the side of
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
There are several islands in the Connecticut in thii town.
On the N.
line of Hinsdale, is West river
mountain, which extends from the
bank? of the Connecticut, E. across
the whole width of the town.
Its
greatest elevation
Pre-ident
is
D wight
at the
W.
end,
states the height
above low water mark to be from
80a to 900 feet. In this mountain is
found iron ore, and some other minerals and fossils.
South of AshueJot, is Stebbins' hill, a tract of
excellent land, and principally in a
high
state
of cultivation.
The intervales here are extensive, and
of an excellent quality.
On the
point of a bill, not far from Connecticut river, there is to be seen
the remains of an Indian fortitication, constructed prior to the settlement of the town.
There is a
deep trench drawn across the hill,
to separate it from the plain back,
an
continued to the river.
Hinsdale was incorporated
1
is
in
It
The former name
as 1633.
W.
Hiram, Me.
Oxford
CO.
This town
lies
on
both sides of a branch of Saco river, 88 miles W. S. W. from Augus-
and 40 S. W. from Paris.
The
township is fertile and productive
of wool and wheat.
Incorporated,
ta,
1807.
Population, 1830, 1,148.
Hotlgdoii, Me.
Washington
co.
Incorporated,
179 miles from Augusta. In
1837, with a population of 552, it
produced 3,iS4 bushels of wheat.
:See " Down East."
1S32
:
Holden, Mass.
Worcester
co.
This town
is
fine-
ly watered by branches of Blackstone and Nashua rivers.
It has a
valuable water power on QuinipoxIt has some good meadow land on the borders of the
streams.
There are 5 cotton and
et river.
was originally a part of
North field, ^ind was settled as early
1753.
Vv", from Boston, and 15
N. N.
from Lenox.
of this
2 woolen mills in the town, and
manufactures of leather,boots,shoes,
straw bonnets, and palm-leaf hats
p!ace was Fort Bummer and Bridg;
m'ln's Fort.
This town encoun- total amount of the manufactures
tered all the difficulties of the In- for the year
ending April 1, 1837,
dian wars, and struggled with oili- $201,960.
Holden is 43 miles W.
er hardships incident to frontier fi-om Boston, and
6 N. W. from
settlements, begun in the wilder- Worcester.
Incorporated, 1740.
ness and remote from cultivated Population, 1837,
1,789.
lands.
Population, 1830, 937.
Holdemess, N. H.
Hinsdale,
3Ia!$s.
Berkshire co.
Hinsdale is the
source of a branch of Housatonick
river.
It is an elevated township,
and well adapted for grazing.
There
are
Hinsdale,
two woolen joills in
and manufactures of
hoots, shoes, leather, hats, chairs,
and cabinet ware
one year $86,550.
:
amount
in
The value
of
total
11,020 fleeces of wool, sheared in
Hinsdale in 1837, v/eighing 32,116
pounds, was $19,266.
This town
was incorporated
tion, 1837,
832.
in 1804.
It lies
Popula125 miles
Grafton co.
It is 65 miles N. W.
from Portsmouth, and 40 N. fioni
Concord. The soil is hard and not
easily cultivated, but when sub-
dued
is tolerably productive.
From
the sap of the sugar maple, a considerable quantity of sugar is made.
The Pernigevvasset ijnparts a portion of its benefits to this place, and
there are various other streams
which serve to fertilize the soil, and
to furnish mill seats.
Squam river,
the outlet of Squam ppnds, runs in
a S. W. direction and empties into
the Pemigewasset near the S. W.
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
an^le of the town. This stream
excellent mill privileges,
having on it 2 paper mills and other machinery.
There are 3 ponds
ponds.
There is a pieasant village
near the centre of the town, on a
site somewhat elevated.
The original name of Hollis was J\lsUissit, its Indian name.
The first
settlement was made in 1731.
It
was incorporated in April, 1746.
The name is either derived from
Thomas Hollis, a distinguished benefactor of Harvard college, or from
the Duke of
Castle.
Population, 1830, 1,501.
affords
or lakes.
The road from
Plymouth through
place to Winnepisiogee lake,
and along the horders of that lake
tliis
to Wolfeborough is highly interesting displaying scenery which is
scarcely equalled in this part of
our country. Holderness was first
granted in 1751. The tirst settlement was made about the year
1763.
Population, 1830, 1,429.
;
New
Holliston, Mass.
Middlesex co. First settled, 1710,
Incorporated, 1724.
Population in
1837, 1,775.
It lies 24 miles S. W.
by W. from Boston, and 21 S. from
Hollaud, Vt.
Orleans co. This is an excellent
township of land, producing in great
Concord.
There is a woolen mill
town, and some manufactures
the varieties common
to the climate.
Previous to the
year 1800, it was a wilderness. It
is bounded N. by Canada
56 miles
N. N. E. from Montpelier and 20
N. E. from Irasburgh. Population,
1830, 432.
abundance
in the
all
of boots, shoes, leather, chairs and
cabinet ware, combs, ploughs, straw
bonnets, books, clothing, wagons
:
and harnesses
total value in one
year $335,948. The value of boots
and shoes amounted to $241,626,
employing 461 hands.
Holliston
is watered by a small branch of
Charles river.
:
Holland, Mass.
Hampden co. Holland was taken from Brimfieldin 1785.
It lies
70 miles S. W. by W. from Boston,
and 20 E. by S. from Springiield.
Population, 1837, 495.
Holland
has several ponds, and
is
Holmes' Hole, Mass.
See Tishury.
Hooksett, N. H.
otherwise
Merrimack
watered by Quinnebaugh river.
There is a cotton mill in the town,
and 658 sheep.
Hollis, Me.
York CO. This town lies on the
W. bank of Saco river, and contains
numerous mill sites. Incorporated,
A
1812.
Population, 1837, 2,374.
It
72 miles S. W. from Augusta,
lies
and 30 N. from York.
Hollis, N. H.
Hillsborough co. It is 8 miles
S. from Amherst, and 86 S. from
Concord. Nashua river waters the
S. E. part, and Nisitissit crosses
the S. W. extremity.
There are 4
ponds, known by the name of
Flint's, Penichook, Long and Rocky
co.
It lies nine miles
E. from Concord.
The river
Merrimack, whose course here is
nearly N. and S., passes through
this town a little W. of the centre.
Here are those beautiful falls,known
by the name of Hooksett Falls.
The descent of water is about 16
feet perpendicular in 80 rods.
high rock divides the stream, and a
smaller rock lies between that and
the western shore.
There is a
pleasant village on the W. side of
the ri^er.
There is a strong and
well built bridge over Merrimack
river.
Hooksett canal is in this
town. It is 1-4 of a mile long rthe
fall is 16 feet perpendicular.
Hooksett was detached from Chester,
Goffstown and Dunbarton, and inS. S.
—
]
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
Merrimack river at Concord.
these streams are some valuable
tracts of intervale and meadow lands
owned by the Amoskeag Company. The principal village in Hopkinton
Population, 1830, 880.
is 7 miles from the state-house in
this town the county
Hoosack Rivei* and Mountain. Concord. In
In the W. part of
jail is located.
Two branches of the Hoosack, the town is a thriving village on
Hosick, or Hoosick river, rise in the Contoocook river, known as
England
one in the high HilVs Bridge, or Contoocookville,
lands in the county of Berkshire, where is a valuable water power,
Mass. ; the other in the mountain- and several mills. Hopkinton was
ous tracts of Bennington county, granted Jan. 16, 1735, lo John Jones
These branches unite near and others, and was called jYianber
Vt.
Hoosack Falls, in the state of New 5, and afterwards JVew- Hopkinton.
York, about 3 miles W. of the cel- The first settlement was made about
ebrated Bennington battle ground. 1740, by emigrants from Hopkinton,
Hoosack river meets the Hudson Mass. This town suffered from InPopulation in
at Schagthicoke, 15 miles N. of dian depredations.
Troy, N. Y. This stream, in many 1830, 2,474.
places, is exceedingly rapid in its
Hopkinton, Mass.
course, and affords a great number
of mill sites,
Middlesex county. Branches of
Hoosack 7lioiintain lies princi- Charles and Mill rivers rise in this
pally in Clarksburgh and Berkshire, town, on which are manufacturing
Mass., and is the source of a branch establishments. There are 3 cotIts elevation is ton mills in Hopkinton, and manuof Hoosack river.
from 1,500 to 2,000 feet from its factures of boots and shoes, ($152,base.
300,) leather, ploughs, and straw
bonnets total value, the vear endHope, Me.
ing April 1, 1837, $217,550. The
Waldo CO. Hope is a township town was incorporated in 1715.
of choice land, having Camden and Population,
1830, 1,809 ;
1837,
Megunticook lake on its south-east- 2,166.
The mineral spring in this town
ern border.
It lies 44 miles E. S.
It conE. from Augusta, and 16 S. by W. has become celebrated.
from Belfast, Hope produced in tains carbonic acid, and carbonate
1837, 3,142 bushels of wheat. Pop- of lime and iron. It is situated near
Incor- White Hall pond, which abounds
ulation, same year, 1,733.
The
in fine fish of various kinds.
porated, 1804.
Boston and Worcester rail road
Kopkinton, N. H.
passes within 3 1-2 miles of it, at
Merrimack co. It is 28 miles N. Westborough, and it is 7 miles from
from Amherst, 7 W. from Concord, the Blackstone canal, at NorthIt is 30 miles W. S. W.
46 N. E. from Keene, 30 S. E. from bridge,
Newport, 50 W. fron» Portsmouth, from Boston, 14 E. by S. from Worand 65 N. N.W. from Boston. Con- cester, and 30 N. by W. from ProThere is a large and
toocook river flows from Henniker vidence, R. I.
into the south-westerly part of this convenient hotel at this place, at
town, and meanders in a N. E. di- which visitors for health or pleatrip
In its course it receiv^s sure are kindly entertained.
rection.
Warner and Blackwater rivers, and to Hopkinton springs is both pleaseveral large brooks, and empties sant and fashionable.
corporated
as a separate
town
in
June, 1822. On the E. side of tlie
river is an extensive cotton factory,
New
into
On
:
:
,
A
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
Hopkiiiton, R.
Fred-
week.
rickton, three times a
I.
80 miles N. N. W. from
erickton
good road betweea
St. Johns.
Houlton and Calais, on the river
distant, is
•<it. Croix, about 90 miles
now open for travel. This town is
well watered by branches of Meduxnekeag river, which empties
is
Washington
Wood
co.
river, a
A
valuable mill stream, passes through
cotton and
this town, on which are
woolen mills, iron works, and varisoil
ous other manufactories. The
adaptof the town is generally well
cultivation into the St. John's.
The garrison is
*>d for grazing, and the
of grain. It produces large quanti- located about a mile north of the
cider.
village, and has generally containties of fruit and excellent
Shad and alewives are taken in ed four companies of infantry. In
Pawcatuck river. There are seve- this town the courts of probate are
Con- held, and the office of registry of
ral ponds within the town.
wood and timber are sent deeds kept for the northern district
siderable
to market from this place.
of Washington county.
Hopkinton City, at the south
The soil of Houlton and its vicinpart of the town, on the Tommaquaug branch of Charies river, is
very pleasant and flourishing. It
lies 35 miles S. W. from Provi-
dence, and 15 W. from South
Kingston. Hopkinton was first setIncorporated, 1757.
Population, 1830, 1,777.
tled in 1660.
Hoiaton, Me.
Washington
co.
Twenity is of a superior quality.
ty-five bushels of wheat to the acre
is
an average crop
is
situated on the east line of the state
and of the United States, on the
border of the Province of
New
40 bushels to
year 1837.
We have heard it is said that persons might go so far " down east"
,
"jump
jumping
as to
This town
:
acre is^frequently obtained.
Houlton, with a population of 667,
raised 5,869 bushels of wheat in the
the
the
If Houlton is
off place, we advise
off."
some of our western brethren
and view the precipice.
Ilousatoniclc River.
to
go
Brunswick. It lies 120 miles N_.
The sources of this river are in
N. E. from Bangor, and about 75
and
the the towns of Lanesborough
W. N. W. from Frederickton,
Windsor, Berkshire county, Mass.
The
capital of New Brunswick.
branches meet at Pittstown was first settled in 1803, and The two
then
cut field, where the river forms it
for twenty years it was entirely
south, through Berkshire
the passes
off from all communication with
and enters the state of Conwestern part of the state by a dense county,
necticut. After meandering through
miles in
;
wilderness of neariy 100
extent.
In 1829, a military post, the "Hancock Barracks," was established
the
county of Litchfield, in that
state,
it
separates the counties of
and Fairfield, and
meets the tide water at Derby, 14
miles above its entrance into Long
The source of this
Island Sound.
mountain stream is more than 1,000
the ocean; and in its
The great thoroughfare between feet above
150 miles, it afStates and the British course, of nearly
the United
fords numerous mill sites, and preis
Province of New Brunswick
pleasant and well culthrough th^"? town. The roads be- sents many
of waHoulton are ex- tivated towns. The volume
tween Bangor and
large
ter of this river is not very
cellent: stages pass and repass from
when
Houlton to Frede- except in seasons of freshet,
Bangor through
government, and
here by the U.
roads
in 1334 the military and state
Bangor and Houlton were
between
completed and opened for travel.
S.
New
Haven
�NEW ENGLAND
the rains from the mountains that
environ its borders, inundate the
valleys and greatly fertilize the soil.
The scenery on the Housatonick
ir
exceedingly beautiful in some
places it is enchanting. The romantic cataract at Canaan, Conn., of 60
feet perpendicular, is well worthy
;
the notice of travellers.
The Indian name of this river, signifies
over the mountains.
vocabulary of Indian names, so beautiful and
expressive, would be not only curious but valuable.
A
GAZETTEER.
on elevated ground, and the source
of several branches of
There
power
:
at
the
mouth
of the for-
are several saw mills.
The
banks of the river are low and veHowland was incorry beavitiful.
porated in 1S26.
It lies 117 miles
scot,
N. E. from Augusta, and 34 N. from
Bangor.
Population, 1830, 329;
1837, 507.
Hubbardston, Vt.
Rutland co. Elizabeth Hickok,
the daughter of Elizabeth and Uriah
Hickok, was the first white child
born in this town. This event occurred in 1774. The face of the
town
is uneven, and in some parts
mountainous. It is watered by several ponds, the largest of which,
lying partly in Sudbury, is Grego-
ry's pond, the outlet of which is
called Huhhardston river.
This
river empties into Lake Champlain
West Haven, and
stream. The
is
an excellent
village at the
northwesterly part of the town is
it conpleasant and flourishing
tains mills for the manufacture of
mill
:
various articles.
Huhhardston lies 50 miles S. W.
from Montpelier, and 10 N. W. from
Rutland. Population, 1830, 865.
Ilubbardston, Mass.
Worcester
co.
river.
wooden wares. Hubbardston lies
54 miles W. from Boston, and 22
S. from Worcester.
Hudson, N. H.
mer, about 50 rods from the Penob-
at
Ware
much unimproved water
in the town.
There are considerable tracts of valuable meadow land, and the uplands are good
It was incorporated
for grazing.
Population, 1837, 1,780.
in 1767.
The manufactures of the town consist of copperas, leather, boots, shoes,
palm-leaf hats, chairs, cabinet and
Howland, Me.
Penobscot co. This is a large
township of good land, in which the
Piscataquis and Seboois rivers form
a junction
is
Huhhardston
is
Hillsborough
co.
This town
lies
17 miles S. E. from Amherst, and
38 S. from Concord. The land here
is of easy cultivation.
On the river
are fine intervales, of a deep rich
Distant from the river, the
land is hilly and somewhat broken.
There are two ponds, known by the
name of Little Massabesick, and
soil.
Otternick ponds. This town was
included in the grant of Dunstable,
and was settled as early as 1710.
The first settlements were made on
the banks of the river, where the
Indians had cleared fields for cultivating corn. The first inhabitants
While the men
lived in garrisons.
were abroad in the fields and forests,
the women and children were lodged in these places of security.
Near the Indian cornfields have
been found cinders of a blacksmith*s
forge, which have led to the conjecture that they employed a smith
to manufacture their implements of
war and agriculture. Incorporated,
1746, by the name of NottinghamWest, which it retained until July
1, 1830, when it was changed to
Hudson. Population in 1830, 1,282.
Hull, Mass.
Plymouth co. Hull was first setIncortled about the year 1625.
Populi^tion, 1837,
porated, 1644.
This town comprises the pen180.
insula of Nantasket, which forma
the S. E. side of Boston harbor. It
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
advantageously
5 some of which is
extends N. by W. from Cohasset,
The soil is generally of
for its beau- improved.
miles, and is celebrated
and easily cultivain length, and a good quality
tiful beaeb, 4 miles
The ted. It lies 24 miles N. from Montfish and sea fowl.
for its shell
pelier, and 32 N. E. from Burlingtown lies between two hills of fine
Population, 1830, 823. First
opposite ton.
land, near point Alderton,
It lies 9 miles settled, 1787.
Boston light-house.
water, and
Indian Rivers.
E. S. E. from Boston, by
On one
via Hingham.
22 by land,
Indian river. Me., Washington
a well
of the hills in this place, is
county, is a small stream in the town
90 feet in depth, which is frequently
Capital in- of Addison.
almost full of water.
/utZmw sfrcam, N. H., Coos counsalt,
vested in the manufacture of
most northty, is the principal and
$12,500.
of Connecticut river,
for the una- erly source
Hull is remarkable
the N.
among rising in the highlands near
nimity which always prevails
the state, and pursuing aldeliberative limit^of
its inhabitants in their
most a direct S. W. course to its
assemblies, and for a spirit of comjunction with the E. branch flowpromise manifest on all occasions in
ing from lake Connecticut.
pubUc servants.
their selection of
Huntington, Vt.
First
co.
Chittenden
Ru'^Indian river, Vt., rises in
and falls into the Pawlet. AnVt.,
other stream of this name, in
into Colrises in Essex, and falls
pert,
settled,
Population, in 1830, 929.
Huntington lies 20 miles W. from
Montpelier, and 15 S. E. from BurlHuntington river passes
ington.
1786.
through this town; it is a branch
course,
of Onion river, is rapid in its
several towns an abundaffording
The soil of Hunant water povv'er.
tington is poor its surface is gen:
erally
hilly for cultivation.
Back mountain lies in the
too
Camel's
chester bay.
Indian Stream Territory.
of
Lake Connecticut and
363 acres.
several considerable ponds are
uated within this
to agricultural
purposes, to
Fairfield,
Haven.
and 12
This town borders
river, and is a
It lies 32
valuable tract of land.
is
miles N. W. from Augusta, and
bounded S. W. by Farmington.
Industry w^as incorporated in 1803:
village, and raised,
it has a pleasant
6,078 bushels of wheat,
in 1837,
Franklin
which
dethe inhabitants are principally
Huntington was incorporavoted.
It lies 4 miles W.
ted in 1789.
Derby Landing, 12 N. E. from
from
Population, 1830, 1,371.
Hyannis IlarTbor, Mass.
See Barnstable.
Vt.
County town. The
Lamoille CO.
Lamoille, Green, and other rivers
give this town a great water power,
co.
N. W. on Sandy
W. from New with
Hyde Park,
sit-
tract.
Industry, Me.
Ct.
This is a township
Fairfield co.
uneven surface, but well adapt-
ed
N
New
Hampshire
Is a tract in
British
of lat. 45°, extending to the
It was
possessions in I-. Canada.
surveyed in 1805, and contains 160,-
eastern part of the town.
Hnntington,
i
a population of 1,014.
IpsAvich, Mass.
This is one of the
Essex CO.
towns of the county, and a
shire
of the
port of entry, on a river
same name, sometimes called Aga-
wam, the
Indian
name
of the place.
Ipswich village is very pleasant,
is well
and the country around it
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
cultivated, and beautifully variegated.
There is a cotton mill in
the town, and a number of vessels
are engaged in the coasting trade
and fishery.
The manufactures
consist of cotton goods, hosiery,
vessels, leather, boots, shoes, chairs,
—
and cabinet ware
total annual
amount, about $120,000. Ipswich
is 12 miles N. by E. from Salem,
10 S. from Newburyport, and 26
First
N. E. by N. from Boston.
:
Incorporated, 1634.
Population, 1820,2,553: 1837, 2,855.
settled, 16o3.
Ira, Vt.
Rutland
This township
co.
is
elevated it contains good land for
rearing cattle it has about 5,000
sheep.
Castleton river and Ira
brook wash a part of the town, but
afford no valuable mill privileges.
Ira lies 60 miles S. S. W. from
Montpelier, and 8 S. W. from Rutland.
Population, 1830, 442.
:
:
Population,
settled in 1799.
1830, 860.
It lies 40 miles N. by
E. from Montpelier, and 30 N. by
W. from Danville. The surface of
the town is undulating, with an
easy soil to cultivate, and generalBlack and Barton rivly fertile.
ers water the town, but move too
sluggishly to produce any valuable
first
power.
Isinglass lilver, N. H.,
rise
from Long pond
Barrington, and Bow pond in
Strafford, and, after receiving the
w^aters of several other ponds, unites
with the Cocheco near the S. part
of Rochester.
in
Isles
and
Star, Duck, White,
Londonner islands.
Hog
its
contains 350 acres of rock, and
greatest elevation is 57 feet above
high water mark.
Smutty Nose
contains about 250 acres of rock
and soil greatest elevation 45 feet.
—
Star island contains about 180 acres
of rock and soil, and its height is 55
feet.
These islands, as a town, are
called Gosport.
Star and Smutty
Nose are inhabited by fishermen,
who carry on considerable business
way supplying Portsmouth
and the neighboring towns with
fresh fish, and sending large quantities of cured fish to Boston and
in their
;
other places.
The
celebrated
dun
found here, which have
heretofore been considered a disfish
are
tinct
species of
differ
the cod.
They
however from the common
only in the circumstance of
being caught and cured in
winter.
Star island and Smutty
Nose are connected by a sea wall,
cod
their
expense of government,
purpose of breaking a strong
south east current passing between
them, and forming a safe anchorage on the north west side of it.
for the
Shire town of Orleans county.
This township was granted to Ira
Allen and others, in 17S1. It was
its
Malaga,
built at the
Irasbiii'gli, Vt.
Takes
Smutty Nose,
of Slioals.
These islands, 8 miles from the
mouth of Portsmouth harbor, N. H.
Hog,
are seven in number, viz
:
These objects have been attained,
and the miniature fleet of the Shoalers, riding at anchor in this artificial harbor, is no unpleasant sight.
Smutty Nose and Malaga are connected by a sea wall, built at the
expense of Mr. Haley, " the King
This wall, 14 rods
of the Shoals."
in length, 13 feet in height, and
from 20 to 30 feet in width, effectually secures Haley's inlet and
wharf from the easterly storms,
although the waves not unfrequently break over it in a severe storm.
islands are composed of ledges
of gneiss, bearing evidence of their
igneous origin, as they are often
traversed by veins of quartz, trap,
and iron stone.
There are a few spots of dry soil
upon them under cultivation. The
Shoals are a pleasant resort for
water parties, and their delightful
These
�NEW ENGLAND
bracing air, cannot be otherwise
than advantageous to those who are
The
in want of pure sea breezes.
present population is about 100.
These islands were discovered
by the celebrated John Smith, in
1614, and were named by him
The line between
Smith's Isles.
Maine and New Hampshire passes
through these islands, leaving the
largest on the side of Maine.
Up-
them are chasms in the
having the appearance of
being caused by earthquakes. The
most remarkable is on Star island,
(Gosport) in which one Betty Moody
on
all
of
rocks,
secreted herself when the Indians
visited the island and took away
many female captives and thence
;
called to this day " Betty Moody's
hole."
For more than a century
previous to the revolution, these
islands were populous, containing
They had
from 300 to 600 souls.
a court-house on Haley's island
a meeting-house, tirst on Hog island, and afterwards on Star island.
From 3 to 4 thousand quintals fish
were annually caught and cured
here, and 7 or 8 schooners, besides
;
numerous
boats,
were employed
in
the business.
The business has
since very greatly decreased.
William Pepperell and a Mr. Gibbons, from Topsham, England, were
among the first settlers at the Shoals;
the former an ancestor of the celebrated Sir William Pepperell.
woman, of the name of Pulsey, died in Gosport, in 1795, aged
90.
In her life time she kept two
The hay on which they
cows.
fed in winter, she used to cut in
summer, among the rocks, with a
Her
knife, with her own hands.
GAZETTEER.
and several islands in its
This island has excellent
harbors, and is much frequented by
fishermen and coasters. The inhabitants are independent farmers and
fishermen, who are accustomed to
render their insular situation a
place of comfort to the wayfarer,
or the invalid in pursuit of ocean
scot bay,
vicinity.
breezes. Islesborough lies 10 miles
E. from Belfast, and 56 E. from
Augusta.
Incorporated, 1789.
Population, 1837, 674.
S.
Israel's River, N. H.,
CO., is formed by the waters
which descend in cataracts from the
summits of Mounts Adams and Jefferson, and running N. W. it passes
through Randolph and Jefferson,
discharging itself into the Connec-
Coos
near the centre of Lancaster.
stream, and received its name from Israel Glines, a
hunter, who with his brother frequented these regions, long before
the settlement of the county.
ticut
It is a beautiful
(Fadsson, Me.
Waldo
A
cows, it was said, were always in
good order. They were taken from
her, but paid for, by the British, in
1775, and killed, to the no small
grief of the good old woman.
IslesborongK; Me.
Waldo CO. This town comprises
a large and fertile island, in Penob*
17
CO.
An
interior
township
of good land that produced, in 1837,
4,898 bushels of as fine wheat as
can be raised in Tennessee. PopJackson
ulation, same year, 523.
is 49 miles N. E. from Augusta, and
Incor15 N. N. W. from Belfast.
porated, 1818.
Jackson,
7i. II.)
Coos CO., situated on the E. side
The surof the White mountains.
face of the town is uneven, but the
It is
is rich and productive.
watered principally by the two
branches of Ellis' river, passing
from the N. and uniting on the S.
border near Spruce mountain.
soil
The
principal elevations are called
Black, Baldface, and Thorn mountains.
settler;
Benjamin Copp was the first
he moved into Jackson in
1779, and with his family buffeted
the terrors of the wilderness four-
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
teen years, before any other person
The town was
settled there.
in-
corpoiated December 4, 1800, by
the name of Adams, which name
it retained until 1829, when it was
Population,
changed to Jackson.
in 1S30, 515.
JafTrcy,
Z&. II.
This town lies 62
miles N. W. from Boston, and 40 S.
W. by S. from Concord. The Grand
Cheshire
Monadnock
part of this
co.
situated in the N. W.
in Dublin.
streams of water issue
is
town and
Innumerable
from the mountain. Those which
issue from the western side discharge themselves into the Connecticut river; those from tiie eastern form the head waters of ConThe largest stream
toocook river.
rises about 100 rods from the summit, and descends in a S. E. direction.
With
and fatigued
brook, the thirsty
this
visitors of the
moun-
most pleasing re-
tain associate the
collections.
The
Jaflrey, affording
uneven soil of
numerous metul-
ows, and early and rich pastures,
is peculiarly adapted to raising catThere are several ponds in
tle.
Out of 3, issue streams
this town.
sufficient to carry mills erected near
their outlets, in the largest, which
is 400 rods long, and 140 wide, is
an island comprising about 10 acres.
About 1 1-2 miles S. E. from the
mountain is the " Monadnock mine-
The spring is slightly
ral spring."
impregnated with carbonate of iron
and sulphate of soda. It preserves
so uniform a temperature as
to
have
Where
been
known
never
freeze.
the spring issues from the
to
earth, yellow ochre is thrown out.
In this town are a cotton and woolen factory, and various mills. The
first
permanent settlement was made
Jaffrey was incorporated
in 1758.
in 1773,
receiving
its
West river waters
co.
town, and gives good mill seats.
At a pleasa.it village near the centre of the iwvvn are valuable manufacturing establishments. The surface of the town is very uneven
in some parts mountainous, but the
soil is generally good and producLime-stone of a good qualitytive.
Jamaica was first
is found here.
Population, 1830,
settled in 1780.
It lies 90 miles S. from
1,523.
Montpelier, and 14 N. W. from
Newfane.
(famesto^x'ii,
Newport co.
H.
I.
This town compris-
es Connanicut, a beautiful island
in Narraganset bay, about 8 miles
length
its average breadth is
about a mile. The soil is a rich
loam, and peculiarly adapted for
grazing and the production of Indian corn and barley.
in
:
The
inhabitants of this island are
for their industry and
agricultural skill, which, united
with the fertility of the soil and the
location of the island, renders it a
delightful place. The distance from
the town or island to Newport and
remarkable
South Kingston is about a nale each
to each of those places a fer;
way
ry
is
established.
The
island
was
purchased of the Indians in 1657.
was incorporated
Population, 1830, 415.
Jamestown
1678.
in
Jay, Me.
Jay lies at a bendAndroscoggin river, 29 miles W.
by N. from Augusta, and 12 S. S. W-.
from Farmington. There is much
Franklin co.
of
valuable land in Jay.
The inhab-
are principally farmers, and
cultivate the soil with much indusitants
The town produced, in 1837,
try.
name from 8,129 bushels of wheat, and con-
George Jaffrey, Esq., of Portsmouth,
one of the original proprietors. Population in 1830, 1,354.
Windham
this
Population, 1830,
siderable wool.
Incorporated,
1,276; 1837, 1,685.
1795.
•
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
Jay, Vt.
Orleans co, A part of this town
Jay's p-3ak
is very mountainous
lying in the S. W. part; the other
part is good arable huid, and would
produce good crops if well cultinumber of streams issue
vated.
from the mountain and produce an
ample water power. Jay was chartered in 1792, but it was not permanently settled until about ISIG.
It lies 50 miles N. from Alontpelier, and 15 N. ^V.. from Irasburgh.
Population, 1S30, 196.
—
A
Jefferson, Me*
embracer
a large body of water.
otherwise watered by several
ponds producing streams for mill
seats, which give to Jefierson great
facilities for sawing and transporting lumber. This is a flourishing
town in its trade and agricultural
pursuits; it produced 3,361 bushels
of wheat in 1837.
Incorporated,
1807.
Population, 1837, 2,246. It
lies 28 miles E. S. E. from Augusta, and 15 N. E. from Wiscasset.
It is
Jefferson, X. H.
Coos CO. Pondicherry pond, in
this town, is about 200 rods in diameter, and is the principal source
of John's river.
Pondicherry bay
is abouc 200 rods wide and 100 lony.
Mount Pliny lies in the easterly
part of this town, and around its
base there is excellent grazing and
tillage land.
On
the S.
mountain are several
W.
is
a pleasant village at the falls,
Brown's
river,
side of
fine farms,
on
and some manufac-
tories.
Jolinsoii, Vt.
Johnson was first
by a levolutionary
hero, of the name of Samuel Eaton.
Mr. Eaton frequently passed
Lamoille
Lincoln co. This town lies at
the head of Damariscotta river, and
this
Population, 1830, 1,654. Jerico lies
25 miles N. W. from Montpelier,
and 12 E. from Burlington. This
town lies on the N. side of Onion
river, and is otherwise finely supplied with mill seats by Brown's
river and other streams.
The soil
varies in quality, from good intervale, on the streams, to common
grazing pastures, on the hills. There
co.
settled in 1784,
through this township, while scouting between Connecticut river and
lake Champlain
and several times
encamped on the same flat which
he afterwards occupied as a farm, it
being a beautiful tract of intervale.
Like many other settlers of this
;
state,
he had many
encounter.
difficulties
and with a numerous family,
he loaded his little all upon an old
horse, and set out in search of that
favorite spot which he had selected
ces,
in
his
had
more youthful days.
rael's
river passe.^ throiigii Jeffer-
Jerico, Vt.
Chittenden
CO. First settled, 1774.
He
nearly 70 miles through
the wilderness, guided by the trees
which had been marked by the
scouts, and opening a path as he
passed along.
He depended, for
some time after he arrived at Johnson, entirely upon hunting and fishing for the support of himself and
to travel
familj-.
which command a iiiost delightful
The river Lamoille enters
view of the White mountains. Is- township near the southeast
son from S. E. to N. W., and here
receives a considerable branch. The
town was first settled about the year
1773. Jefferson is 77 miles N. from
Concord, and 9 S E. from Lancaster.
Population, 1«30, 495.
to
In indigent circumstan-
this
cor-
and running westerly about
two miles, through a rich tract of
ner,
intervale, falls over a ledge of rocks
about 15 feet in height into a basin
below. This is called J\r ConiicVs
falls.
Thence it runs northwesterly over a bed of rocks, about 100
rods, narrowing its channel and in-
creasing its velocity, when it forms
a whirlpool and sinks under a bar-
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
which extends across
the river.
The arch is of solid
rock, is about eight feet wide, and
at low water is passed over by
Jonesborougli, Me.
rier of rocks,
footmen with safety.
The water
below through numerous apertures, exhibiting the appearance of
rises
the boiling of a pot.
The suiface of this township
is
uneven, being thrown into ridges,
which are covered with hemlock,
spruce and hard wood. The soil is
a dark, or yellow loam, mixed with
a light sand, is easily tilled, and
very productive. The alluvial flats
are considerably extensive, but back
from the river the lands are, in
some parts rather stony.
In the
northeastern part has been discovered a quantity of soapstone.
The village, in Johnson, is very
pleasant, and contains a number of
mills, for the manufacture of various
Johnson
articles.
lies
28 miles
N. by W. from Montpelier, and 6
N. W. from Hyde Park. Popula-
Washington co. This town hag
Chandler's river and the head of
Englishman's bay on the E., Joresport on the S., and the town of Addison on the W. Incorporated, 1809.
Population, 1837, 435.
It lies 134
miles E. by N. from Augusta, and
12 S. W. from Machias.
Joiiesport, Me.
Washington co. Taken from Jonesborough in 1836, and is bounded N.
by Jonesborough, E. by Englishman's bay, S. by Mispeeky reach,
and W. by Addison bay and harbor.
This place has an excellent
harbor, and is finely located for ship
building, the fisheries and coasting
trade.
It lies 138 miles E. by N.
from Augusta, and 16 S. W. from
Machias.
Population, 1837, 581
Beal and Head islands lie off S.
from Jonesport.
Judith Point, R.
tion, 1830, 1,079.
Jolinston, R.
I.
Providence co. This town lies
5 miles W. from Providence, from
which it was taken in 1759. It is
pleasantly variegated by hills and
vales, with a soil adapted to the culture of corn and barley, and particularly to
and
all
fruits, of
vegetables
sorts of
which large
quantities
annually sent to Providence
market. The quarries of freestone
they supin Johnston are valuable
ply the wants, not only of the city
and immediate vicinity, but distant
places, with that useful material.
The Wonasquatucket and Pochasset
rivers with their tributary streams
give this town a good hydraulic powBeautiful manufacturing viler.
lages are scattered along the banks
of these waters, presenting to the
are
;
eye of the traveller the pleasant
union of our agricultural and manufacturing interests.
1830, 2,113.
Population,
I.
A noted headland in South Kingston, 11 miles S.
in
N.
lat.
41°
S.W. from Newport,
24',
W.
Ion.
71°
35'.
A
light-house was erected here in
1810, the tower of which is 3.^ feet
in height.
This point opens to the
ocean about midway between Vineyard and Long Island Sounds.
When off this place, travellers unaccustomed to the sea frequently
experience some little inconvenience for a few miles. From this
light, Montauk, on Long Island,
bears about S. W. 30 miles, and Gay
Head, on Martha's Vineyard, about
E. by S., 35 miles.
K^atalidiu Mountain, Me.
celebrated mountain, the
greatest elevation in the state, lies
between the eastern and western
branches of Penobscot river, in the
county of Piscataquis, about eighty
miles N. N. W. from Bangor, and
120 N. N. E. from Augusta. Dr.
Jackson has ascertained its height
This
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
be 5,390 feet above the level of
The Indians had a notion
the sea.
that this mountain was the abode
It is steep
of supernatural beings.
and rugged, and stands in almost
to
It may be seen
solitary grandeur.
Tho,-c
in a clear day from Baugor.
who have visited its summit pro-
nounce the scenery um-ivalled
in
sublimity.
level,
and
is
well ornamented with
The
buildings are good and
well arranged
some of them are
elegant.
Keene is a place of considerable business.
It has 2 glass
houses, a woolen factory, iron foundry, and manj' other valuable manuficturing establishments.
Its first
settlement commenced about the
year 1734, by Jeremiah Hall and
trees.
;
name was Upwas incorporated
In the county of Merrimack, sit- with its present name, April 11,
uated between the towns of J^^ntton 1753, which is derived from Sir
and Salisbury, extending into both Benjamin Keene, British niinister
towns. The line between \\ ihuot at Spain, and contemporary with
and Warner passes over the sum- Gov. B. Wentworth.
Kearsarge ZTomitain, N. H.,
Kearsarge is elevated 2,481
mit.
feet above the level of the sea, and
is the highest mountain in Merri-
mack
county.
Its
summit
is
now
a bare mass of granite, presenting
an irregular and broken surface
the sides are covered with a thick
growth of wood. The prospect from
this mountain, in a clear sky, is
very wide and beautiful.
Keene, K.
II.,
Chief town of Cheshire co., is one
most flourishing tov.ns in
N. H. It is 80 miles W.^N. W. from
Boston, (10 S. from Dartmouth college, 43 S. S. E. from Windsor, Yt.,
40 W. from Amherst, and 55 W. S.
W. from Concord. Tb.e soil is of various kinds and generally good.
Ashueloi river has its source in a
pond in Vv'ashington. and discharges
itself into the Connecticut, at Hinsdale, 20 miles distant from Keene.
Keene has been called one of the
" prettiest villages" in New England; and president Dwight, in his
travels, pronounces it one of the
pleasantest inland towns he had
of the
seen.
The
principal village
is sit-
uated on a flat, E. of the A^huelot,
nearly equidistant from that and the
upland.
It is particularly entitled
to notice for the extent, width, and
uniform level of its streets. The
main street, extending one nule in
a straiaht line, is almost a perfect
17*
others.
Its original
per Ashueloi.
It
In 1786 the settlement had so
increased, that a meeting-house was
erected and in two years after, a
minister was settled. But the usual
scourge, which attended the frontier settlements, visited this town
In 1745 the Indians killed Josiah
Fisher, a deacon of the church
in 1746, they attacked the fort, the
only protection of the inhabitants.
They were, however, discovered
by Capt. Ephraim Dorman in season to prevent their taking it.
He was attacked by two Indians,
but defended himself successfully
against them, and reached the fort.
An action ensued, in which John
:
BuUard was killed ; Mrs. M'Kenney, who being out of the fort, was
stabbed and died and Nathan Blake
taken prisoner, carried to Canada,
where he remoincd two years. Mr.
Blake afterwards returned to Keene,
where he lived till his death,in 1811,
at the age of 99 years and 5 months.
Vv'henhewas 94 he married a widow of 60. The Indians burnt all the
;
buildings in the settlement, including the meeting-house.
The inhabitants continued in the fort until April, 1747, when the town was
abandoned.
In 1753 they returned, and re-con. menced their settlements.
In 1755 the Indians again
Their number
attacked the fort.
was great, and the onset violent,
but the vigilance and courage of
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
Syms successfully defended
After burning several buildings, killing cattle, &c., they withThey again invaded the
drew.
town, but with little success.
Col. Isaac Wyman, an active
and influential man, marched the
tirst detachment of men from this
town, in the war of the revolution,
and was present at the battle of
Breed's Hill.
Population, in 1830,
is more than 1,000 feet,
hydraulic power, with that
Capt.
of this river
it.
and
2,371.
lieiidiiskeag Streain, Me.
This stream rises in Dexter and
Garland, and after meandering very
circuitously through Corinth, Levant and Dutton, it falls into the
Penobscot river, at the centre of
the city of Bangor.
This is a valuable mill stream; it has numerous
its banks are
romantic and beautiful.
tributaries
;
KeiiiieTjec River,
The
first
fertile,
Me.
source of this import-
Moose Head lake, of
the outlet. From thence
it passes in a S. W. course nearly
20 miles, where it receives the waters of Dead river ; it then proceeds
S. to Starks, about 40 miles, where
it receives the v/aters of the Sandy :
here it changes its course easterly,
about 12 miles, passing Norridgewock and Skowhegan : it then again
changes its course to the S. till it
receives the waters of the Sebastlcook, about 15 miles it continues
to descend in nearly a S. course to
Hallowell, tibout 20 miles ; here
it inclines to the E. a few miles,
and then resuming a S. course, and
passing through Aierrymeeting bay,
where it receives the Andi-oscoggia river, it passes Bath and meets
the ocean.
The wliole lenglli of
this river, from Moose Head lake
to the
sea, is about 150 miles.
The tributaries already named are
the most considerable ; but there
are many others that would be considered important rivers in other
sections of country. The whole fall
ant river
which
is
it is
:
of
its
tributaries, is incalculable.
its
We
are enabled to state that the
average, or mean time, of the closing of this river by ice, at Hallowell, for 45 successive years, was
December 12th, and of its opening,
April 3d.
The most remarkable
years were, 1792, when the river closed November 4th, and opened April Ist, the following year
and 1831, when it closed January
10th, and opened April loth, 1832.
Since the \ear 1786 the Kennebec
has not been obstructed by ice in
any spring after the 20th of April.
IveniieTSjec Cowiity,
Me.
Augusta is the shire town. This
county is bounded N. by Franklin,
Somerset, and Penobscot counties,
E. by Waldo and a part of Lincoln
counties, S. by Lincoln county, and
W. by Oxford county. This county
is watered by numerous ponds and
rivers, but principally by the noble
Kennebec,
which passes nearly
centre, from which the
name of the county is derived. The
i'ace of the county is undulating,
not hilly; its soil is of a superior
quality, producing, in great abundance, all the variety of grasses,
grains, vegetables and fruits common to its climate. The union of
through
its
hydraulic power with navigable
waters, which this county enjoys
its fertility, locality, and other natural advantages, render it a highly
favored section of our country.
Area, about 1,050 square miles. In
1837 this county contained 101,238
sheep, and produced 186,876 bushels of wheat. Population, 1837,62,375 59 inhabitants to a square mile.
:
Kemielnmlc, Me.
York
on the
bunk
This town
CO.
S.
W.
river,
side
and
is
is
situated
of the
Kenne-
regarded as one
New
of the pleasantest towns in
England. Population, 1837, 2,343.
In former ve3r<« the business of the
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
town was mostly of a commercial
character, there being a large number of vessels owned here, which
were engaged in the West India
trade.
But this trade is now nearly abandoned, and the navigation is
engaged in the freighting, coiisting,
Ship buildand iishing business.
ing has been carried on here to a
great extent, for about seventy
years, and some of the finest ships
in the country have been built in
this place within the last fe v.' year-.
There is one large cotton factory in
operation, and other privileges for
hirge manufacturing establishments
on the Kennebunk, and the Mousum, a pleasant stream which meets
Kennethe ocean in this town.
bunk is a port of entry tonnage of
the district, in 18.3?', 6,964 tons.
Incorporated, 1820. It lies SO miles
:
S.
W.
from Augusta, 25 S. W. from
and 15 N. N. E. from
Portland,
maritime pursuits, and both enjoy
a good harbor for shipping.
Population, 183.7, 2,730.
Ixeusington, N« H.,
co., is 45 miles N.
from Boston, 15 S. W, from Portsmouth, and 40 S. E. from Concord.
This town has no streams of any
note; its surface is pretty even.
Kensington was settled at an early
period, and was originally a part of
Hampton, from which it was detached in 1737. Population, 1830,
Rockingham
717.
Ivent County, R.
I.
East Greenwich is the county
town. Kent county is bounded N.
by Providence county, E. by Providence bay, S. by Washington
county, and W. by the state of ConThe surface of the counnecticut.
ty is generally rough and uneven:
in the eastern part are tracts of leThe soil is either a gravel land.
York.
I£enue1>iink: Port, Me.,
ve Ih- or Fandy loam, and very productive of Indian grain, rye, fruits,
The grazing busiE. side of the Kennebunk river. and A-egetables.
This town was formerly extensive- ness is extensively pursued in this
ly engaged in the Vvest India trade, county.
The Pawtuxet and Flat
^ut its navigation is now employed rivers are the principal, but a numin the freighting, coasting, and iish- ber of large ponds produce smaller
ing business. The extensive gran- streams in abundance. The manuite quarries here are likely to befacturing interests of this county,
come a source of considerable busi- particularly of cotton and wool, are
ness.
The stone, bearing a strong very extensive, and probably purresemblance to the Quincy, finds sued with as much spirit and suca ready market where granite is cess as in any portion of the state.
made use of in building. Thirty Some navigation is employed on the
years ago, this town, and Kenne- bay in tlie coasting trade and fishbunk, on the opposite side of the ery.
Kent county comprises an
river, were the niost active and busy area of 186 square miles.
Populabut the tide of tion, 1820, 10,228; 1830, 12,789.
ports in Maine
emigration has carried off most of Population to a square mile, 69.
the young men, leaving a surplus
Kent, Ct.
of girls; so that v.-hatever activity
there now is in the place, is of a
Litchfield co. First settled, 1738.
Population,
domestic character, not creating Incorporated, 1739.
that noise and bustle incident to the 1830, 2,001.
Kent is 50 miles W.
operations of the other sex.
Ken- from Hartfoi-d, 50 N. W. from New
nebunk Port lies about 4 miles N. Haven, and 15 W. from Litchfield.
E. from Kennebunk.
This town This is a mountainous township,
and Kennebunk are much united in with some fine land on the banks
York
CO., is
situated on
;
the
N.
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
of the Housatonick,
which passes
western border. Good
iron ore is found here.
There are
three furnaces in town, but the
manufacture of iron is not so extensive as formerly.
The Housatonick, cahii and still, winding gracefully at the foot of a high and rugged mountain, renders the scenery
from the neat and quiet village,
highly picturesque and beautiful.
•• There is in this (own," says
Dr.
Trumbull, " convincing evidence
that it was a grand seat of the nathrough
stantly return.
Willard being, on
the second or third day, nearly exhausted with fatigue and hunger,
its
inhabitants of this counti-y,
before Indians, who more lately inhabited it, had any residence in it.
There are arrow heads, stone pots,
and a sort of knives, and various
kinds of utensils, frequently found
by the English, of such curious
workmanship as exceeds all the
skill of any Indians since the Engtive
put himself under the guidance of
who in a short time conducted him in safety to his camp.
his dog,
liillingly, Ct.
Vvindham
I
co.
This town
lies
45
miles E. from Hartford, 25 W. from
Providence, R. I., and 5 N. E. from
Brooklyn.
First settled in 1700.
The first white person known to
have been bui-ied here was Mr.
Nell Alexander's great-grand-moLake.) This
town is rough and hilly, but there
is a great deal of beauty about it,
and its history is full of romantic
ther. (See jilexonder's
stories relating to the first settlers
and the red men.
The town is
well watered by the Quinnebaugand
its branches.
There are three villages. Pleasant Valley, Daysville,
and Danielsonville, all pleasant and
lish came into this country, and
became acquainted with them.
These were not only found when flourishing manufacturing places.
the town was first settled, but they They contain 14 cotton and 3 wool-
are still found on the sides of
tonic river."
Kousa-
Killingly contains excellent quarries of freestone, and of a slate rock
Kilkenny, N. H.
This place was granted
and contained, in 1830, but
27 inhabitants. They are poor, and
for aught that appears to the contrary, must always remain so, as they
may be deemed actual trespassers
on that part of creation destined by
its author for the residence of bears,
wolves, moose, and other animals
Coos
CO.
in 1774,
of the forest.
An exception, however, may possibly be mace in favor of a narrow strip of land along
Pithe S. boundary of the town.
lot and Willard's mountains, so called from a dog and his master, cover a considerable part of this town.
Willard, a hunter, had been lost
two or three days on these mountains, on the east side of which his
camp was
situated.
en mills, a furnace, an axe factory,
and other mechanical operations.
Each day he
observed his dog Pilot left him, as
he supposed in pursuit of game
but towards night he would con;
resembling granite,
wrought;
soft,
and easily
also of a slate rock
com-
posed of granular quartz, almost
lich bed of porcelain
white.
clay is found on Mashentuck hill,
said to equal French or Chinese
Population, 1S3G, 4,000.
clay.
A
KiilingtoM Peak, Vt.
This noted elevation of the Green
Mountain range, .3,924 feet above
the ocean, lies ip Sherburne, 10
miles £. from Rutland.
ICilliiigivortli, Ct.
Middlesex
Indian
settled
co.
This town, the
Hammoimasset, was
The central
in 1663.
first
part
of the town is 38 miles S. E. from
LonHartford, 27 W. from
New
17 S. by E. from MidPopulation,' 1830, 2,484.
Long Island
lies on
tov.'n
don, and
dletown.
This
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
Sound with
seis.
a harbor for small v^esvessels are built at
Many
There is 1,000 acres
this place.
of good salt meadow in Killingworth, and the soil of the uplands,
although hard and uneven, are rendered productive by industry and
called the Great hill and Rockrimon are the highest. The soil of
The
is generally loamy.
charter of Kingston was granted,
1694.
The grant also comprehended what now forms the towns of
East Kingston, Danville, and SanKingston
management. The village down. This town suffered in comvery pleasant, with a wide street mon with others in the vicinity, from
Many Indian
a mile and a half in length, crossed Indian depredations.
about midway by Indian river, a implements, with some ancient
small stream which enters the har- French coin, have been ploughed
This was a great resort for up in the vicinity of the ponds.
bor.
Immense masses
the Indians.
Maj. Ebejvezer Stevens, one
of mouldering shells still point out of the early settlers, was a very
the places where they dwelt." distinguished and useful citizen.
Killingworth is a healthful, interThis town was also the residence
skillful
is
'•'
of the Hon. Josiah Bartlett,
one of the first worthies of the state,
and an eminent physician.
His
esting place.
Kiliuarnoclc, Me.
This town is
Piscataquis co.
well watered by Piscataquis river
and the outlet of Scootum lake. It
lies 103 miles N. E. from Augusta,
and 22 N. N. E. from Dover. Incorporated, 1824. Population, 1830,
138; 1837, 313.
lixa.sS.eld,
Me.
public career
Kingsbury, Me.
Incorporated, 1836.
East."
See
ica.
He was
This town is
distant from Concord 37 miles S. E.,
from Exeter 6, and from Portsmouth
20.
There are several ponds in
this town.
The largest is Great
pond, which lies on the W. of the
village, and contains upwards of
300 acres, with an island of 10 or 12
acres, covered with wood.
There
are no high hills in Kingston ; those
co.
the
first
Amer-
governor of
the state under its free constitution.
He died in 1795, aged 65. Population, 1830, 929.
Kingston, Vt.
Addison
co.
A mountainous town-
ship settled soon after the revolutionary war. Population, 1830, 403.
White river is formed in Kingston
by the union of several streams.
Here is a beautiful v/ater fall of
100 feet, 50 of which is perpendicular.
At the bottom of the fall the
water has worn a hole 10 feet in
Kingston lies 21 miles S.
depth.
"Down W.
Kingston, N. H.
Rockingham
in 1765,
supporter of the liberties of
A
Franklin co.
fine farming
township, east of Mount Abraham,
and watered by Seven Mile brook
and one of its tributaries. It lies
55 miles N. W. by N. from Augusta, and 25 N. from Farmington.
Population, 1837, 614.
Incorporated, 1803.
Wheat crop of 1837,
3,877 bushels.
commenced
and from that time to his death he
was an unwearied advocate and
from Montpelier, and 14 E. from
Middlebury.
Kingston, Mass.
Plymouth co.
This town lies
within Plymouth harbor, 4 miles
N. W. from Plymouth, and 31 S.
E. from Boston.
Kingston has a
good harbor, a considerable stream
of water and some excellent land.
There are a number of vessels engaged in the coasting trade, and
some in foreign commerce. Many
vessels are built here of the south
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
shore white oak, noted for its
During
strength and durability.
the year ending April 1,1837, there
were 19 vessels engaged in the cod
and mackerel fishery.
They
took
14,214 quintals of cod fish, and 886
barrels of mackerel, the value of
which amounted
to ,^48,590. There
mill in Kingston, and
manufactures of bar iron, nails, axes, cutlery, anchors, leather, shoes,
pa!ra-leaf hats, and shingles
total
is
a
cotton
:
value inone year $105,.302. Monk's
hill presents an excellent vievt' of
Plymouth harbor.
Kingston was
incorporated in 1726.
Population,
1837, 1,371.
Kii'ljy, Vt.
Caledonia co. First settled, 1799.
Population, 1830, 401.
There are
some tracts of good land in Kirby,
but the township is generally either
wet and
cold, or too
mountainous
for
ing trade and fishery, and formerly
considerable trade was carried on
with the West Indies from this
place
but there is little or none
;
—
at present.
Kittery point was the residence
of Sir William Pepperell, who commanded the
England troops in
the celebrated expedition to Cape
Breton, in 1745, which resulted in
the captu!-e of Louis'hurg.
It is
divided from Poi-tsmouth, N. H. by
the Piscataqua.
bridge connects
it with that place.
Another bridge
New
A
connects
it
with Badger's island, on
the United States Navy
Yard. Kittery lies 103 miles S. W.
from Augusta, and 50 S. W, from
Incorporated, 1653.
Portland.
Population, 1837, 2,322.
which
is
I^nox, Me.
A
Waldo CO.
beautiful farming
town, named in honor of Gen. Hen-
ry Knox, a patriot of the revoluwho died at Thomaston, 1806,
This is one of the many
N. aged 53.
cultivation.
It has a number of
springs, brooks, and a good fish
pond.
The town lies 36 miles
E. from Montpeher, and 14 N. E.
from Danville.
lOrklaiid, Me.
Penobscot CO. Kirkland is finely
watered by Dead stream, Pushavv
lake and its principal tributary river.
It lies 83 miles N. E. from
Augusta, and 15 N. N. W. from
Bangor. Incorporated, 1823. Population, 1837, 258.
Kittery, Me.
A
York CO.
sea port town on
the N. E. bank of the Piscataqua
river, being the extreme southwestern boundary of the state on the
Atlantic, adjoining York on the N.
It is
E. and Elliot on the N. W.
one of the earliest settlements in
the province, or state, and had its
share of trial and suffering with
others of their days, from repeated
incursions of the Indians.
The
river or inlet, called Spruce creek,
affords a convenient harbor for vessels usually employed in the coast-
tion,
in Maine fast rising in wealth
and respectability, by the fertility of
the soil and industry of the people.
It lies 32 miles N. E. by E. from
Augusta, and 14 S. W. from Belfast.
Incorporated, 1819.
Popu-
towns
lation,
1837,
815.
Wheat
crop,
same year, 4,037 bushels.
liagraiige,
Me.
Population, 1837, 287.
Wheat
same year, 1,749 bushels.
See " Down East."
crop,
liamoille Cowiity, Vt.
Hyde Park
is
the shire
town.—
This county was established in 1836.
It is bounded N. by Franklin and
Orleans counties, E. by Orleans and
Caledonia counties, S. by Washington county, and W. by Chittenden
and a part of Franklin counties.
This county lies on the Green mountain range, and is the source of maThe river Lamoille
ny streams.
passes nearly through its centre,
and, with its tributaries, give the
,
�NEW ENGLAND GAZKTTKER.
hydraulic power.
The elevation of the county renfor grazders the soil more adapted
tillage, yet there are
ing than for
meadow
lar<re tracts of excellent
county a
2;reat
Manufacstreams.
and the exports ol
beef cattle and the products of the
annually
dairy are valuable, and
In 1837, there were
increasing.
Population, 1830,
sheep.
boi^dering
tures
its
flourish,
meadow hills; and the land in
the S. E. part lies too high up the
tin
soil
along the Connecticut is alluvial,
the meadows extending back nearat
ly three-fourths of a mile ; and
the mouth of Israel's river much
farther.
The village, or
28,677
8,930.
most compact part
of the town, lies on a street extendu)g from the bridge across Israel's
river northwardly :— it is pleasant,
manufacturis the site of some
ing estabhshments. Lancaster was
granted and settled in 1763. The
war of the revolution tended to retown.—
tard the settlement of the
After the war closed, the town setand
tled with considerable rapidity,
in
has since aradually increased
Population,
wealth and "business.
and
liainoille
River, Vt.
This river is formed in Greensborough. Its general course is N.
W. It passes through Hardwick,
Wolcott, Morriston, Johnston, Camand
bridge, Fairfax and Georgia,
Champlain at Milfalls'into Lake
N. from Burlington.
numerous tributaries:
has several falls, which produce
ton, 12 miles
This river hai
it
The
for cultivation.
mountains
1830, 1,187.
Ijaacaster, Mass.
banks
Its
a valuable water power.
fertile.
in many parts are very
It
was discovered by Champlain
in
1609.
Lancaster, K. H.
Coos CO. Shire town of the counsoutheastern
ty, and situated on the
bank of Connecticut river, which
forms and washes its N. W. boundIt hes
ary, a distance of 10 miles.
distant 110 miles W. from Portland,
130 N. from Portsmouth, 95 N.
from Concord, and 75 above DartBesides the Conmouth College.
necticut, which is deep and about
22 rods in width while it passes
Worcester
This town, the
co.
J\''asav;ogg of the Indians, is the
was
oldest town in the county ; it
years a frontier settlement,
for m.any
and greatly harrassed by the na-
In 1676. the town was at1,500 Indians; many
were killed on both sides the town
was destroyed, and a number car-
tives.
tacked
by
;
ried into
v.-a5
Mrs.
Lancaster
celebrated
Roivlandson.
both sides of
a
among whom
captivity,
the
remarkably
Nashua
fine,
river,
Mary
on
and has
lies
alluvial soil, in
Per-
a high state of cultivation.
hapAhere
is
no inland town
New
in
England that possesses more natuthrough Lancaster, the town is wathe eye
and several ral beauties, or that strikes
tered by Israel's river,
the traveller more agreeably.—
Across this of
considerable brooks.
it is
are The village is very beautiful
river a bridge and several dams
water neatly built on an alluvial plain,
thrown, forming a valuable
hills, and watered by
There are several ponds surrounded by
power.
There
stream.
of which a large and placid
in Lancaster, the largest
in
are 3 cotton and 1 woolen mills
pond, from
is called Martin-meadow
manufactures of
This communi- the town, and
Martin, a hunter.
forks,
leather, boots, shoes, hats,
cates with Little pond.
palm-leaf hats, tenon maLancaster is situated near lofty combs,
copper pumps, piano-fortes,
mountains, but is not itself moun- chines,
:—-annual
in chairs, and cabinet ware
There are three hills
tainous.
$100,000. Some min^e S. part of the town, called Mar- value about
:
—
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
eral substances are found
here.
Lancaster was first settled, 1643.
Incorporated,
1653.
Population^
1837,1,903.
It lies 35 miles W.
N. W. from Boston, and 15 N. N.
E. from Worcester.
liandaflf, H6.
Grafton co.
Its distance from
Haverhill is about 12 miles N. E.,
and from Concord 90 N. by V/,'
Amonoosuck
.
and 11 N. from Lenox.
liaiigdom,
]V.
H.
Sullivan CO.
by
S.
Langdon is 18 miles
W. from Newport, and 50 W.
from Concord.
The princi3 miles E. from Connecticut river, and 6 from Bellows
Falls.
considerable branch of
Cold river passes S. W. through
the
pal village
rjver,
tain in the E.
was incorporated,
Population, 1837, 1,090. It
125 miles Vv by N. from Bos-
S. S.
E. to N. W. through the S. part
of the town.
Through the northwesterly extremity passes the Great
con-
fish.
1765.
ton,
Wild Amonoosuck river runs from
There is a
town
slate.
parti v in this
Pittsfield : it
Lanesborough
I
S.
pond
and partly in
tains trout and other fine
lies
H.
and graphic
ble,
delightful
part.
it
A
Landaif mounCobble hill in
the centre, and Bald hill in the W.,
whole extentof this town, and unites
vyith the main branch near
the S.
soil is fertile.
LandaiT was granted line.
Langdon, named in honor
in 1764, to James Averv and^others.
of^ Gov. Langdon,
was incorporated
Population,
are the principal elevations.
The'
in 1830, 95l.
1787.
1773.
liautlgrove, Vt.
Bennington
co.
This town
is
settlement commenced in
Population, 1830, 667.
Its
liebanon, Me.
on
elevated land at the N. E. corner
York CO.
This town is bounded
of the county, 33 miles N. E.
from W. by Salmon Fall river,
on the
Bennington, and about 30 S. W. line
of New Hampshire.
It is a
from Windsor.
Some of the head large agricultural
township, with
branches of West river have their
some trade and manufactures.
It
sources here.
The lands are too lies 99 miles S. W. from
Augusta,
rough and high for much improve50 S. W. by W. from Portland, and
ment. First settled, 1769. Populis. W. from Alfred.
Incorporalation, 1830, 385.
ted, 1767.
Population, in 1837,
I/auesljoroMgli, Mass.
j
|
Berkshire co. This township lies
on elevated ground, the sources of
some of the head branches of Housatonick and Hoosack rivers.
It is
situated on two hills, with an intervening valley.
The lands in the
valley are very luxuriant, and the
hilly parts are admirably adapted
I^elianoii, N.
Grafton co.
H.
This pleasant town
on Connecticut river, is 4 miles
S.
from Dartmouth College, 49 N. W.'
from Concord, and 90 N. W. fioni
Portsmouth. Besides the Connecticut on its W. border, this town
is
watered by Mascomy river, runninofor grazing.
Lanesborough is a from E. to W. through
its centre^
beautiful town, under good cultivaand atibrding many valuable mill
tion, and very productive.
The in- seats and a constant supply of v/ahabitants are principally firmers,
ter.
The soil here is alluvial, the
who make agriculture a business, intervales
on the Connecticut exand reap its rewards. In 1837 there
tending back from the river about
were in this town 12,333 sheep, halfamile.
There are meadows or
whose fleeces weighed 42,489 lbs.' intervales
on Mascomy river. The
estimated at ^26,100.
Limestone principal village is situated
on a
abounds here ; also beautiful mar- plain
near the central part, at the
\
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
head of the falls of Mascomy rivThere are falls in the Connecticut in this town, which have been
jlocked and canalled by a company,
called the White River Company.
Lyman's bridge connects this town
with Hartford, Vt. A medicinal
A
spring has been discovered.
lead mine has been opened, and
there has been found on Entield line,
er.
the
as Governor of Connecticut ;
faithful page of History will record.
Full of years and honors, rich in benevolence, and firm in the faith and
hopes of Christianity,
9th, 1785, iEtatis 75."
This tomb contains the ashes of two
governors, one commissary general,
and a signer of the Declaration of
Independence.
near the outlet of the Great pond,
a vein of iron ore.
This is a place of
considerable
manufactures, and of extensive
Lebanon was granted 1761.
trade.
It was the first town settled on Connecticut river to the N. of Charles-
town.
The first settlers were a
hardy, brave people, tenacious of
their principles
most of them were
men of strong minds, good habits,
correct principles, and good common education. Population, 1830,
:
he died August
licdyard, Ct.
New London co. This town was
taken from Groton in 1836. It was
formerly called North Groton.
It
is 7 miles N. by E. from New London, and 8 S. from Norwich. There
a pretty village, of some thirty
houses, at Gale's ferry, on the
Thames.
The population of the
town, in 1836, was about 2,000.
About twenty of the Pequot tribe
a miserable
of Indians reside here
remnant of a great and powerful
is
:
1,868.
nation.
liebanon, Ct.
New
This town was named
London
Lebanon
co.
lies
30 miles S. E. from Hartford, and
10 N. W. from Norwich.
First
settled about 1700.
Population, in
The
1830, 2,554.
uneven
town
is
The
soil is
surface of the
— moderately
hilly.
of a chocolate color;
a rich deep mould, very fertile, and
well adapted
for grass.
Husbandry
the principal business of the inhabitants. The village is on a street
more than a mile in length, wide,
pleasant and interesting it was the
residence of the
family, celebrated for their genius and
patriotism.
On the family tomb, in
the village, is the following inscription to the memory of the first govis
:
Trumbull
ernor Trumbull.
" Sacred to the memory of Jonathan
Trumbull, Esq. vvho, unaided by birth
or powerful connexions, but blessed
with a noble and virtuous mmd. arrived
to the highest station in government.
His patriotism and firmness during 50
years employment in public life, and
particularly in the very important part
he acted in the American Revolution,
18
in
honor
of two brothers, natives of Groton
Col. Led vARD, the brave defender of Groton Heights, in 1781 ;
and
John Ledyard,
the celebra-
ted traveler, who died at Cairo, in
Egypt, in 1789, aged 38. John Led-
yard was probably as distinguished
a traveler as can be found on re" Endowed with an original
cord.
and comprehensive genius, he beheld with interest, and described
with energ3', the scenes and objects
around him; and by comparing them
with what he had seen in other regions of the globe, he was enabled to
give his narrative all the varied effect of contrast and resemblance."
This accurate observer of mankind pays the following tribute to
female character.
" I have always remarked," says
he, '• that women in all countries
are civil and obliging, tender and
humane that they are ever inclined to be gay and cheerful, timorous and modest ; and that they do
not hesitate, like men, to perform
:
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
Not
a generous action.
hauglity,
nor arrogant, nor supercilious, tliey
are full of courtesy, and fond of
society ; more liable in general to
err than man, but in general also
more virtuous, and performing more
good actions, than he. To a woman, whether civilized or savage, I
never addressed myself, in the lan-
guage of decency and friendship,
him
to follow.
treated.
The enemy
also to-
Lee is 28 miles E. S. E. from
Concord, and 12 S. W. from Dover.
From the N. E. extremity of Ep-
Lamprey river enters Lee,
and after a serpentine course of
about 7 miles, it passes into Durham.
Other parts of the town are
watered by Little, North, and Oys-
ping.
Lee was originally a
part of Durham, and was incorporated, 1766.
Population, in 1830,
1,009.
without receiving a decent and
With man it has
friendly answer.
In wanderoften been otherwise.
ing over the barren plains of inhospitable Denmark, through honest Sweden and frozen Lapland,
rude and churlish Finland, unprincipled Russia, and the wide spread
regions of the wandering Tartar;
if hungry, dry, cold, wet, or sick,
the women have ever been friendAnd
ly to me, and uniformly so.
add to this virtue, so worthy the
appellation of benevolence, their
actions have been performed in so
free and kind a manner, that if I
was dry, I drank the sweetest
draught, and if nungry, I ate the
coarsest morsel, with a double rel-
ter rivers.
ish."
boots, shoes, bar iron, iron castings,
Liee,
Berkshire co.
Mass.
This
is
town on the Housatonick
mirably located
purposes.
for
a pleasant
river, ad-
manufacturirig
contains a cotton and a
woolen mill, 12 paper mills, and various other manufactui-es by water power.
The amount of manufactured goods ibi- the year ending
April 1, iS37, was $405,000. The
It
paper manufactured, amounted to
The articles manufac,$274,500.
tured, besides paper, cotton and
woolen goods, were leather, hats,
axes, shovels, spades, hoes, forks,
Me.
Wheat crop, 1837, 8,450 bushels
It
population, the same year, 5oG.
See
lies 125 miles from Augusta.
" Down East."
:
Liee, KT.
liCe,
H.
StrafTord co.
In the N. part of
the town lies V/heelwright's pond,
containing about 165 acres, and
forming the principal source of Oyster river.
is memorable for the
which was fought near it in
1690, between a scouting party of
Indians, and two companies of ran-
ploughs, chairs, tin, cabinet and
wooden ware, carriages, chair stuff,
&c. The soil of the town is good,
particularly for grazing.
of 2,000 sheep, in 1837,
ued
is
an abund-
.
This pond
and wounded, drew off and obliged
There
ant supply of iron ore and marble
of excellent qualities.
Lee was
incorporated in 1777.
It lies 130
miles \V from Boston, and 5 S, E.
Population, in 1830,
fiom Lenox.
1,825; 1837, 2,095.
JLicet'is,
battle
gers, under Capts. Floyd and WisThe engagement lasted two
wall.
Wiswall, his lieutenant,
hours.
sergeant, and 12 men were killed
Floyd conand several wounded.
tinued to fight til! his men, v/earied
at ,^4,500.
The wool
was val-
Me.
Kennebec co.
This is a large
and flourishing agricultural town,
finely watered by a large and beauTiie outlet of this pond
pond.
the Androscoggin, gives the
town a good water power, for saw
mills and other manufactories.
The villages in Leeds are very
neat and pleasant. The soil is fartiful
into
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
and productive. Wheat crop,
Leeds was
1837, 5,421 bushels.
It lies 30
incorporated in 1802.
miles W. S. W. from Augusta.
Population, 1837, 1,743.
tile
liCicester, Vt.
Addison
Leicester is waterco.
river of its own name, by
Otter creek, and by a part of lake
These waters are too
Dunmorc.
ed by
a
sluggish to afford the town
water power.
The
soil
is
a
much
sandy
loam, interspersed with some flats
Along the rivers the soil
of clay.
The high
is rich and productive.
lands are hard and fit for grazing.
About 4,000 sheep are kept here.
Leicester lies 36 miles S. W. from
INIontpelier, and 10 S. by E. from
Middlebury.
First settled, 1773.
Population, 1830, 638.
liCicester,
Mass.
This town is on
the height of ground between Boston harbor and Connecticut river.
It lies 46 miles W. from Boston, 6
W. S. W. from Worcester, 42 E. S.
E. from Northampton, and 44 N. W.
from Providence.
It was first settled in 1713, and incorporated about
Its Indian name
the year 1721.
Population, 1837,
was Towtaid.
This town is well watered
2,122.
by French river, and branches of
the Connecticut and Blackstone,
which rise here, and afford mill sites
Worcester
co.
They were much esteemed.
The families of Denny, Earle anl
Henshaw, have been numerous in
1783.
Leicester, and highly respectable.
lienuiiiugtou, Vt.
Essex CO. A mountainous township, on the W. side of Connecticut
river, with a small portion of inter-
There are several brooks in
the town, and a beautiful cascade
of 50 feet.
There is a mountain in
the town called " the Monadnock
of Vermont," from which may be
discovered that this town, generalIt lies
ly, is not fit for cultivation.
vale.
64 miles N. E. from Montpelier,
and 24 N. from Guildhall. Population, 1830, 183.
liempstei', N. II.
Sullivan co.
It is 40 miles W.
from Concord. The surface is, in
general, uneven, and the eastern
part is mountainous.
The soil is
moist, and better suited for grass
The town is well
than grain.
watered, although its streams are
small.
One branch of Sugar river,
and the S. and W. branches of Cold
river afford conveniences for water
machinerj".
Near the W. boundary line is a pond 320 rods long
and 80 wide. Sand pond lies in
Lempster
this town and Marlow.
was granted 1761. It was settled
about 1770, by emigrants from Connecticut.
numerous manufactories.
Leicester Academy was founded
for
has considerable funds,
commodious buildings, and is highly
respectable.
It accommodates 100
pupils throughout the year.
The surface of the town is uneven
in 1784.
cards,
machine cards,
chairs, cabi-
net ware, scythes, leather, boots and
shoes: total value the year ending
April 1, 1837, $531,939.
society of Jews built a synagogue, and resided here from 1777 to
A
lienox, Me.
See " Dow^n East."
It
There
with a strong, deep soil.
are 5 woolen mills in the town, and
manufactures of machines, hand
Population, in 1830, ddd.
Lieuox, Mass.
Berkshire co. Shire town. This
an excellent township of land,
watered hy Housatonick river, and
surrounded by beautiful mountain
scenery.
It lies 130 miles W. from
Boston, 25 N. E. from Hudson, N.
Y., and 55 N. W. from Hartfbrd,
Ct.
Lenox is accommodated with
a water power, and contains mines
of rich iron ore, and quarries of
There are some
beautiful marble.
is
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER,
manufactures of iron, leather, marble, &,c., in the town, but agriculture is the chief pursuit of the in-
some wild scenery, worthy of the
notice.
Incorporated,
Population, 1837, 902.
traveler's
1774.
habitants. Incorporated, 1767. Population, 1837, 1,277.
Lieomiiister, Mass.
A
beautiful town,
and great water power, on both sides of a principal branch of Nashua river, 42
Worcester
co.
of an excellent
soil,
miles N. \V. from Boston, and 20
N. from Worcester. This town was
taken from Lancaster in 1740, and
shared with that town in the sufferings occasioned by Indian hostilit}^
The manufactures of Leominster,
for the year ending April 1, 1837,
exclusive of the product of 5 paper
The articles
mills, was $111,505.
manufactured were leather, boots,
shoes,
hats,
chairs, cabinet
axes,
ware, combs, tin ware, straw bonnets, palm-leaf hats, chaises, carPopulation,,
riages, and harnesses.
lie-wiston,
falls.
The waters of that river
descend 47 feet in the distance of
12 to 15 rods, and pi-oduce a valuable hydraulic power.
The town
extends on the river about 13 miles,
and is connected with Minot by a
the
bridge, at the foot of the falls, of
1,000 feet in length. Thisisatownship of good land, with some manufactures of woolen and cotton goods,
and a number of saw mills. Wheat
crop, 1837, 1,920 bushels.
Incorporated, 1795.
Population, 1830,
Lewiston is
1,549; 1837, 1,737.
28 miles S. W. from Augusta, 34
N. by E. from Portland, and 25 N.
W.
from Bath.
liexmgtMi, Me.
1037, 1,914.
A
Me.
Lewiston lies on the
E. side of Androscoggin river, at
Lincoln co.
alum rock has been found
Somerset co. This town lies 57
in this town which is said to be a miles from Augusta.
Population,
It condecomposed mica slate.
Wheat crop, same year,
1837, 457.
tains an abundance of beautiful 2,346 bushels.
See " Down East."
rich
plumose, or feather form alum, like
that of Milo, one of the Grecian
isles, mixed with the green crystals of
copperas, or sulphate of iron.
Ijevant, Me.
This town lies
Penobscot co.
principally on the S. W. side of
Kenduskeag stream, by which and
it is well watered.
its tributaries
The soil is good and productive.
The wheat crop of 1837 was 3,432
bushels. Levant lies 78 miles N. E.
from Augusta, and 10 N. W. from
Bangor. Incorporated, 1813. Population, 1830, 747
1837,1,081.
licxiugton, Mass.
co. This pleasant town
10 miles N. W. from Boston,
and 7 E. from Concord.
Incorpo1712.
Population, 1837,
rated,
There are some excellent
1,622.
farms in this town, large tracts of
meadow on some of the branches
of the Shawsheen, which rise here,
and some valuable woodland. The
Middlesex
lies
manufactures consist of boots, shoes,
caps, clocks, cabinet ware, and calannual value, about
ico printing
:
$100,000.
Lexington will ever be an inter-
;
liieverett, Ma^ss.
A
good grazing
Franklin co.
town, on high ground, 85 miles W.
N. W. from Boston, and 10 S. E.
from Greenfield. The town is watered by Roaring brook, a rapid
stream, on which is a cascade, and
esting place, as here the
was shed in the cause of
Independence.
British soldiers
first
blood
American
" A detachment of
were sent at day-
on the mornina; of the 19th of
April, 1775, to take or destroy a
quantity of military stores collected
lisfht
at
Concord.
They were under
the
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
command
Pitcairn.
a militia
of Col. Smith and Maj.
On reaching this place,
company were exercis-
A
British olliing on the common.
them to
ceT- rode up and ordered
disperse, but not being instantly
obeyed, he discharged his pistol
rated, 1827. Population, 1837, 804.
short time since a pine tree
was cut in Liberty, which measur-
A
ed 7 feet in diameter, at the stump.
The tree
It had three branches.
was sound, and 10,610 feet of square
edged boards were made from it.
and ordered his men to fire, which
Ijiiuericlc, Me.
they did, and eight of the AmeriLittle Ossipee river
York CO.
The
cans fell dead on the spot!
It lies 28 miles
British waters this tov/n.
militia retreated, and the
Portland, 85 S. W. from
proceeded to Concord, and in part W. from
and 15 N. by W. from
succeeded in destroying the stores, Augusta,
This is a good farming
Alfred.
but were so harassed on their rewith a pleasant village, and
turn, that they would inevitably town,
1812.
they not an academy, incorporated in
have been cut off, had
1737
strong The town was incorporated in
been met at this place by a
detachment of artillery under Lord
Population, 1837, 1,484.
The party suffered exPercy.
liiininston, Me.
tremely by the tire of the AmeriYork CO. This town is bounded
cans, aimed with deadly effect from
the S. by Limerick, and is wathe buildings, trees, and fences; on
and
65'"
180 tered by Saco river on the S.
killed, and had
and left
50 W. The town has a good soil, very
wounded. The Americans had
There is productive of hay, wheat and other
killed and 34 wounded.
It lies 89 miles S. W. from
where the grain.
a monument on the spot
the Augusta, and 28 W. S. W. from
first victims fell, to perpetuate
Incorporated, 1762.
memory of the slain, and of this Portland.
I
Population, 1837, 2,223.
event.''
liiucolu County, Me.
licydeu, Mass.
Wiscasset, Topsham and Waris watered
Lincoln
and several small ren are the county towns.
by Green river
county is bounded N. by the counstreams. It is 100 miles N. W. from
of Kennebec and Waldo, E.
Boston, and 7 N. by W. from Green- ties
town- by Waldo county and Penobscot
It is a mountainous
field.
bay, S. by the Atlantic ocean, and
ship, more fit for grazing than tillCasnumber of sheep in the Vv'. by Cumberland county and
The
age.
Area about 950 square
their co bay.
town, in 1837, was 3,142;
This county is bounded on
miles.
fleeces weighed 9,326 pounds; valThe town the ocean nearly fifty miles, and
ue of the wool, $5,129.
county of Hancock in this
was incorporated in 1809. Popu- like the
state, comprises an almost innumer658.
1837,
Franklin
co.
Leyden
lation,
in Leyi-^ a romantic spot
called " the Glen," a curious
den,
place, worth looking at.
There
Liberty, Me.
Waldo CO. This town is 29 miles
E. from Augusta, and 18 ^Y. S. W.
It is watered by
from Belfast.
large ponds and small streams. The
soil is good and produced, in 1837,
Incorpo2,022 bushels of wheat.
18*
able
number
of bays, coves, inlets,
commodious harbors and
fertile isl-
The waters of the Musconands.
gus, Damariscotta and Shecpscot
pierce its centre, and the noble
Kennebec finds all its Atlantic harbors in the county of Lincoln.
Considerable attention is paid to
agriculture, for the
suit
;
soil j°
generally
and well adapted to the purbut this county is essentially a
fertile
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
maritime section of New England,
possessing every requisition for foreign commerce, the coasting trade
Uncoln, Tt.
Addison co.
Lincoln was first
by a number of "Friends,"
in 1790.
The town is on high
three districts, Bath, Wiscasset and
ground with an uneven surface. It
Waldohorough, in 1837, was 93,347
lies 21 miles S. W. from Montpetons.
This county contained, in
lier, and 15 N. E. from Middlebury.
1837, 84,000 sheep, and
and
The tonnage
fisheries.
raised 37,-
963 bushels of wheat. Population,
1820, 53,189
1830, 57,181
1837,
60,226 63 inhabitants to a square
;
settled
of the
Population, 1S30, 639.
liincolu, Mass.
;
:
mile.
Itiucoln,
Penobscot
large town,
common
Me.
co.
This is a very
more than double the
size.
It lies
on the E. side
of the Penobscot, at the
Matanaucook
river,
mouth
where is
of
a
pleasant and flourishing village, 45
miles N. by E. from Bangor, and
114 N. E. from Augusta. Lincoln
has recently been incorporated, and
possesses a soil of remarkable fertility.
Population, 1830,414; 1837,
1,045.
Wheat crop, 1837, 4,263
bushels.
I<iucolii, N. H.,
Middlesex CO. Lincoln is bounded W. by Sudbury river.
It lies
16 miles N, W. by W. from Boston,
and 3 S. from Concord. Incorporated, 1754.
Population, 1837, 694.
It has some good farms and a large
lish pond.
The manufactures of
the
er,
town
consist of clothing, leath-
straw bonnets, boots and shoes.
laiicolnville,
Waldo
CO.
Penobscot
Me.
the W. side of
bay, 10 miles S. from
On
N. from Camden, and 51
E. from Augusta.
Incorporated,
1802.
Population, 1837, 1,999.—
This township has a good soil for
grass, grain and potatoes.
Wheat
crop of 1837, 4,212 bushels.
The
town is well located for any branch
of navigation.
Duck Trap is an excellent harbor, and a busy place in
the coasting trade.
Belfast, 7
Grafton co., a mountainous townN. from Concord.—
The middle branch of the Pemigewasset passes through nearly the
centre of the town.
It has its
source in Ferrin's pond, in the S.
part of Franconia.
There are sevliinneus, Me.
eral ponds, viz
Bog, Fish and Loon
ponds.
There are many elevations,
Washington co.
This town is
of which Kinsman's mountain is the source of a branch
of the Matthe most considerable.
In the N. tawamkeag and of a branch of the
part of the town are two large gulfs, Meduxnekeag, flowing
into the St.
made by an extraordinary discharge John's. It lies 8 miles S. W.
from
of water from the clouds in 1774. Houlton.
Population, 1837, 208.
numerous "slips," as they are Wheat crop same year, 2,514
bushcalled, from the mountain are wor- els.
Incorporated, 1836.
thy of notice.
They commence
liisboii, Me.
near the summit of the mountain,
and proceed to its base, forcing a
Lincoln CO. Lisbon lies on the
passage through all obstructions. E. side of Androscoggin
river, and 6
The soil here is poor. Wild ani- miles below Lewiston Falls. There
mals, such as bears, raccoons, foxes, are falls in the river at
ship 70 miles
:
;
The
this place,
sables, otters, deer, &c., are
very
numerous. Lincoln was granted in
1764, to James Avery and others.
Population, 1830, 50.
called the
"Ten
mile falls.'" Lisbon has some manufactures of cotton and wool, a number of saw mills,
and is united with Durham by a
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
Wheat crop 1837, 3,781
bridge.
Population, same year,
bushels.
It lies 30 miles S. S. W.
2,660.
from Augusta, and 22
from Wiscasset.
liislbou,
W. by N.
ted 10 miles S. W. from Gardiner,
and the source of some of the Cobbesseecontee waters. Litchfield lies
W. from Augusta, and
formerly a part of Lincoln
Incorporated, 1795. Popcounty.
16 miles S. S.
was
N. H.
20 miles N. E.
Grafton co.
from Haverhill, and 90 from ConIt is
watered by Amonoosuck river, running through the
Avhole extent of the town, and by
ulation, 1837, 2,341.
Wheat
crop,
same year, 5,123 bushels.
liitclxfield,
N. H.,
It is
cord,
Hillsborough co., is a small fertownship on the E. bank of
tile
There
several smaller streams.
are several ponds, the most noted
of which is called Mink pond, lying in the S. part of the town, af-
Merrimack river. It is 8 miles E.
from Amherst, and 30 S. by E. from
Concord. This town has an excel:There are two ferries,
lent soil.
fording mill seats at its outlet. The
soil admits of three divisions; the
meadows or intervales on Amonoosuck river, which are generally
very productive; the plain land, of
a light, thin soil, requiring consid-
above.
Thornton's, near the meeting house,
on the post road from Amherst to
Portsmouth; and Read's, 3 miles
Litchfield was taken from DunIt was originally
1734.
known by the Indian name of JVatticott, and by the English one of
stable in
manure to make it producand the uplands, of a strong
Farm. The settlement
deep soil, which afford many good Brentoii's
commenced about 1720.
is the
Blueberry mountain
farms.
The Hon. Wysemaint Clagett
Large quanprincipal elevation.
He
town.
and limestone are closed his life in this
tities of iron ore
was a native of England, came to
Maple sugar is manfound here.
country before the revolution
ufactured and clover seed is raised this
This commenced, and sustained several
in considerable quantities.
He was attorneyoffices.
town was called Concord until 1824. important
general under the provincial and
Population, 1830, 1,485.
state governments, and filled the
Ltisbon, Ct.
office with dignity and honor. Poptown is 7 ulation, 1830, 505.
New London co. This
miles N. from Norwich, from which
liitcliSeld County, Ct.
erable
tive
;
'
It is waterwas taken in 1786.
ed by Quinnebaug and Shetucket
it
rivers,
which unite
in the S. part
The soil is a gravelof the town.
ly and sandy loam, with some allu-
This
Litchfield, county town.
the largest and most elevated
county in the state. The surface
is
parts mountain-^
chiefly a gravelly"
loam, under good cultivation, and
very productive of butter, cheese,
beef and pork. It abounds in iron
is
hillV
an excellent
the inhabitants are
generally industrious and independent. In that part of the town called Hanover, is a woolen and silk
Lisbon is 45 miles S. E.
factory.
from Hartford. Population, 1830,
ore,
vial
meadow.
farming town
is
:
1,161.
liitclifield,
Me.
An
excellent
township of land, pleasantly situa-
Kennebec
co.
and
The
ous.
This
which
in
some
soil is
is
extensively manufac-
tured. This county contains an area
Population,
of 885 square miles.
1820, 41,267; 1830, 42,855; containing 48 inhabitants to a square
This county is watered by
numerous ponds; by the beautiful
Ho'usatonick, and by many rivers
mile.
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
rising in the high grounds.
streams give a valuable v/ater
The Tom
pow-
and nourishing manufacturing
establishments are found in almost
every town. The number of sheep
in this county, in 1S37, was 72,832.
er,
was incorpoi-ated
bounded N.by Berkshire county, Mass., E. by HartLitchfield county
in 1751.
It is
New
ford and
Haven counties, S.
the counties of
Haven and
Fairtield, and W. by the state of
New
by
New
York.
liitcliileld, Ct.
Litchfield co., chief town.
This
the Indian Bantam, comprising, as it was supposed, ten miles
square, was valued at £300 in the
year 1718. Bantam was first settled in 1720, and incorporated by
its present name in 1724.
It was
a frontier town for many years, and
during the wars between England
town,
and France was much harassed by
the Canadians and Indians.
Litchfield is an elevated township, and
its
surface
presents a diversity of
and valleys. The soil is a gravelly loam, deep, strong, and admirably adapted for grazing. Great
pond is a beautiful sheet of water
it comprises an area of 900 acres,
and is the lai-gest pond in the state.
hills
The v/aters of the Naugatuck,
Shepung and Bantam give the town
a good water power, and manufactuj-es of cotton, wool, ii'on, and other articles are in successful operation on their banks.
Li icii field village, on " Litchfield
Hiii," was incorporated in 1818. It
is a delightful place.
It is situated
on an elevated plain, surrounded by
iu'cj-esling scenery,
teu ive prospects.
and affords ex-
The two
prin-
each other nearly
at ria;ht angles ; they are wide, well
shaded, and built upon with great
taste and elegance.
It lies 30 miles
W. from Hartford, and 35 N. W.
from New Haven. Population of
the town, 1830, 4,458.
In the W. part of the town Mount
cipal streets cross
rears a front of 700 feet ahovo
the Naugatuck, presenting a panoramic landscape of great beauty and
Near this mountain
vast extent.
is a mineral spring " which is satuThe
rated with iron and sulphur.
water issues from the E. side of the
mountain inconsiderable quantities.
The mud fi-om the bottom of the
spring burns with a blue flame, and
the principal part of it consumes."
law school of great respectability was established in this town,
by the Hon. Tapping Reeve, in
1784.
The Hon. James Gould
was associated with Judge Reeve,
This
as inst)-uctor, for some years.
A
institution continued
nearly thirty
years, and furnished instruction to
many of our most eminent jurists.
Oliver Wolcott, one of the
signers of the Declaration of Independence, resided here. He was
the son of the Hon. Roger Wolcott.
He died December 1, 1797, aged
72.
He was distinguished for integrity, decision of character, and
for his love of order and religion.
Oliver Wolcott, son of tlie
born in 1760.—
he lent his aid to
he was
the cause of his country
present in the engagement with the
British at the time of their invasion
preceding, was
When
a lad of 17,
:
of Danhury.
On the formation of
the U. S. Government, in 17S9, he
was appointed first auditor of the
treasury ; arud in 1794 he succeeded
Gen. Hamilton as secretary of the
treasury.
In 1317 he was elected
governor of Connecticut, which ofHe was the
fice he held till 1827.
last survivor of the administration
He died in
of Washington.
York, June 2d, 1833, aged 74.
New
Benjamin Tallmage, a
colo-
nel in the revolutionary army, was a
He was an
resident of this town.
ardent patriot and sincere christian.
He was honored with the confidence
of Washington in several hazirdHo died
ous and important trusts.
at Litchfield, March 7, 1835, aged
'
81.
•
'
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
Ethan Allen, a brigadier-general in the
American
service, dis-
tinguished for his daring and intrepid spirit, was a native of this town.
" While he was young, his pa-
At
rents emigrated to Vermont.
the commencement of the disturbances in this territory, about the
year 1770, he took a most active
part in favor of the Gi-een Mountain boys, as the settlers were then
called, in opposition to the government of
York. An act of
outlawry against him was passed by
that state, and 500 guineas were offered for his apprehension but his
New
:
party was too numerous and faithful to permit hira to be disturbed by
any apprehensions for his safety.
In all the struggles of the day he
was successful
and he not only
proved a valuable friend to those
whose cause he had espoused, but
;
he was humane and generous towards those with whom he had to
contend.
When
called to take the
he showed himself an able
leader and an intrepid soldier.
" The news of the battle of Lexington determined Col. Allen to engage on the side of his country, and
field,
inspired him with the desire of demonstrating his attachment to liberty
by some bold exploit. While his
mind was in this state, a plan for
taking Ticonderoga and
by
Crown Point
which was formed by
several gentlemen in Connecticut,
was communicated to him, and he
readily engaged in the project.
surprise,
Receiving directions from the genassembly of Connecticut to
raise the Green Mountain boys, and
conduct the enterprise, he collected
230 of the hardy settlers and proceeded to Castleton. Here he was
unexpectedly joined by Col. Arnold, who had been commissioned
by the Massachusetts committee to
raise 400 men, and effect the same
object, which was now about to be
accomplished. As he had not raised the men, he was admitted to act
as an assistant to Col. Allen.
They
eral
reached the lake opposite Ticonderoga on the evening of the 9th of
May, 1775. With the utmost difficulty boats were procured, and 83
men were landed near the garrison.
The approach of day rendering it
dangerous to wait for the rear, it was
determined immediately to proceed.
The commander in chief now addressed his men, representing that
they had been for a number of years
a
scourge
famed
to
arbitrary power, and
and concludpropose to
advance before you, and in person
conduct you through the wicket
gate; and you, who will go with
for their valor,
ed with saying,
'
I
now
me voluntarily in this desperate attempt, poise your firelocks.'
At
the head of the centre file he
marched instantly to the gate, where
a sentry snapped his gun at him,
and retreated through the covered
way he pressed forward into the
fort, and formed his men on the
parade in such a manner as to face
:
two opposite barracks. Three huzawaked the garrison. A sentry,
zas
who asked quarter, pointed out the
apartments of the commanding officer and Allen with a drawn sword
over the head of Capt. De la Place,
who was undressed, demanded the
surrender of the fort.
By what
authority do you demand it ?' inquired the astonished comm.ander.
I demand it (said Allen) in the
name of the great Jehovah and of
;
'
'
the
continental
summons could
and the
congress.'
The
not be disobeyed,
with its very valuable
49 prisoners was immediately surrendered.
Crown Point
was taken the same day, and the
capture of a sloop of war, soon afterwards, made Allen and his brave
party complete masters of Lake
Champlain."
Gen. Allen possessed strong powers of mind, but they never felt the
fort,
stores and
Though
influence of education.
he was brave, humane and generous, yet his conduct does not seem
to have been much influenced by
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
considerations respecting that holy
and merciful Being, whose character and whose commands are disclosed to us in the scriptures."
Gen. Allen died at Colchester,
Feb. 13, 17S9, aged 52.
liittle
Androscoggin River,
In Maine, has its sources in ponds
in the towns of Woodstock, Greenwood, and Norway: it passes in a
southeasterly direction through Oxford, and falls into the Androscoggin between Minot and Danville,
opposite to Lewiston.
liittle
Conipton, R.
I.
Newport co. This very pleasant
town, the Indian Seacoymet, lies on
the ocean, at the eastern entrance
into Narraganset bay, 9 miles E. by
N. from Newport, 30 S. S. E. from
Providence, and 12 S. from Fall
River, Mass. The soil of the town
is uncommonly fertile, and being
cultivated by an industrious class
of men, is very productive of corn
beef, pork, butand other grain
ter, cheese, and wool.
Seaconnet Rocks, at the southeastern extremity of the town,
where a break-water has been
erected by government, is well
known to sailors, and memorable as
;
the place where a treaty was made
between the English and the Queen
of the powerful Seaconnet tribe, in
That tribe is now extinct:
1674.
Seaconnet Mocks is their only mon-
ument.
Little
Compton
is
becoming
cel-
ebrated as a place of resort, in summer months, for sea air and bathing; and very justly so, for very
few parts of our coast exhibit a
more interesting
liittle
Macliias
L.ittle
Rivers.
See Cutler.
liittlcton, N.
extending the whole length of Littleton, runs in foaming waves for
miles together, which render it impossible to ascend or descend with
boats in safety.
There are three
bridges over the Connecticut in Littleton.
Amonoosuck river waters
the S. part, having on its banks small
The
tracts of excellent intervale.
principal village is o-n this river, in
the S. part of the town, and is called
Glynville. Raspberry, Black, Palmer's and Iron mountains are the
Near
most prominent elevations.
Amonoosuck river, there is a mineral spring, the water of which is
said to be similar to the Congress
spring at Saratoga. The land comprehending Littleton was tirst granted in 17(54, by the name of Chiswick.
It w^as re-granted in 1770,
by the name of ^/)^/jorf). In 1784,
Apthorp was divided, and the towns
of Littleton and Dalton incorporated.
Population, 1830, 1,435.
liittleton,
n.
Grafton co. On Connecticut rivIts extent on Connecticut river
er.
It is 30 miles
is about 14 miles
Mass.
Middlesex co. The Indians called this town JVashahah.
It is 27
miles W. N. W. from Boston, and
Incorpo10 N. W. from Concord.
rated, 1715. Population, 1837, 876.
There are several beautiful ponds
The
in the town, and limestone.
soil is tolerably good, and adapted
for the growth of rye and hops.
There are some manufactures of
boots, shoes, and straw bonnets.
liivermore, Me.
Oxford
location.
«S&
N. by E. from Haverhill, and 80
N. N. W. from Concord. Connecticut river, in passing down the
rapids called Fifteen Mile FallSf
CO.
An
excellent town-
ship of land, on both sides of the
Androscoggin river, 25 miles W.
from Augusta, and 18 N. E. from
Incorporated, 1795.
PopParis.
ulation, 1830, 2,456; 1837, 2,631.
There are three pleasant villages
in the town, fine falls on the river,
saw
mills
and other manufactures.
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
Wheat
crop of 1837, 8,472 bush-
els.
liOiidouderry, N.
II>
Rockingham co. Adjoining the
E. line of the county of Hillsborough. This town contains very little waste land, and it is believed,
has as extensive a body of fertile
soil as any town in the E. section
of the state.
It lies 25 miles S. S.
E. from Concord, and 35 S. W. from
Population, in 1830,
Portsmouth.
1,4G9.
Londonderry, which formerly included the present town of Derry,
was settled in 1719, by a colony of
Presbyterians, from the vicinity of
the city of Londonderry, in the N.
of Ireland, to which place their ancestors had emigrated about a cenThey
tury before from Scotland.
were apart of 120 families, chiefly
from three parishes, who with their
New
religious instructors came to
England in the summer of 1718.
In October, 1718, they applied to
the government of Massachusetts
for the grant of a township, and
received assurances that a grant
should be made them when they
should select a place for its location.
After some time spent in viewing
the country, they selected the tract
afterwards composing the town of
Londonderry,
at first
known by
the
name
of JWitfield.
In 1719, sixteen families, accompanied by Rev.
James McGregore, one of the clergymen who had emigrated from
Ireland with them, took possession
of the tract, and on the day of
their arrival attended religious services and a sermon under an oak
on the east shore of Beaver pond.
The
inhabitants of Londonderry in
1720, purchased the Indian title,
and although it was long a frontier
town, were never molested by the
Indians.
They introduced the culture of the potatoe, a vegetable till
then unknown in New England,
and the manufacture of linen cloth,
which, though long since declined,
was for many years a considerable
source of their early prosperity.
Rev. Matthew Clark, second minister of Londonderry, was
a native of Ireland, Avho had in
early life been an officer in the
army, and distinguished himself ia
the defence of the city of Londonderrv, when besieged by the army
of King James II. A. b.,16SS-9.
He afterwards relinquished a military life for the clerical profession.
He possessed a strong mind, mai-ked by a considerable degree of ecHe died January 25,
centricity.
1735, and was borne to the grave,
at his particular request, by his former companions in arms, of wiiom
there were a considerable number
among the early settlers of this
town several of whom had been
made free from toxes throughout
the British dominions by King William, for their bravery in that memorable siege.
company of 70 men from this
town, under the command of Capt.
George Reid, were in the battle of
Breed's hill, and about the same
;
A
number were
ton, in
in that at Benningwhich Capt. David M'Clary,
one of their citizens, a distinguished and brave officer, was killed.
Major-general John Stark and Col.
George Reid,
officers
of the revolution,
this
of the
army
were natives of
town.
liOiidonderry, Vt.
Windham
though
this
co.
W^cst river passes
town and receives sev-
The
land on
the
uplands are good for grazing, except those parts that are mountainFirst settled, 1774.
Populaous.
tion, 1830, 1,302.
It lies 28 miles
S. W. from Windsor, and 30 N. E.
eral tributaries in
the streams
is
it.
rich and fertile
;
from Bennington.
liOiig Island Soiuid.
This inland sea washes the whole
southern boundary of Connecticut,
and is formed by Long Island, in the
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
of New York.
This island
extends from Montauk Point, off
Stonington, to tlie harbor of New
York.
Its
length is 120 miles.
The widest part, 20 miles, is off
New Haven; the nariowest parts,
on the border of New England, are
off the mouth of Connecticut river,
about S miles, and off Greenwich,
state
Saw
or
Pits, 7 miles.
is
a
narrow
— 68 —
:
to
strait of difficult
the
London harbor, 8--76
:
mouth of New
— to the mouth
—
New
:
—
6—132 ;— to Norwalk, S— 140
to Greenwich, or Saw Pits, 15
15ii :— to Throg's Point, 14—169 :—
:
—
—
—
Hurl Gate, 6 175
to New
York, 8 miles, making the distance
from Providence to New York, by
water, 183 miles.
As
:
the rail-road from Boston to
Albany, although in good progress,
is not completed; and as many of
our friends
at the north visiting the
interior of the state of
York
find it more agreeable to pass
New
Long and New through the city
At half tide the up the Hudson
New
of
York
river, rather
current runs 7 or 8 miles an hour.
It contains
numerous whirlpools,
is
rocky and bears a threatening aspect; but good pilots navigate it
with ease when the tide is favorable.
Steam-boats press through at
Through this
times of tide.
passage a vast amount of the productions of Connecticut and Rhode
Island pass to New York market.
survey for a ship canal, uniting
these waters and Narraganset bay
with Boston harbor, was commenced by the government of the UniFrom a tide
ted States in 1827.
lock at Braintree, in Boston harbor,
to a tide lock at Somerset, Mass.,
on Taunton river, the distance is 36
all
A
The summit
miles.
level
at
is
Randolph, Mass., 1.34 feet above
high water mark at Boston. A ship
canal in this direction, or one across
Cape Cod, at Sandwich, would save
many lives, and a vast amount of
property.
Some of the distances from Providence, and along the northern coast
of this Sound, to the city of New
York, are here given.
From Providence to Newport, 30
miles:
41
to Judith Point, 11
to the mouth of Stonington har-
—
—
:
:
bor,
passage between
Islands.
—
of Connecticut river, 13 89
to
the mouth of
Haven harbor,
27— 116:— to Stratford Point, 10—
126
to the mouth of Fairfield har-
to
This Sound, as far as Hurl Gate,
is navigable for vessels of any burthen, and the passage to and from
the sea round Montauk, is remarkably easy at any time of tide, and
in all weather.
See Judith Point.
Hurl Crate, sometimes called Hell
Gate, but properly Horll Gatt,
a Dutch term, signifying a whirlpool,
bor, 27
York and
than
cross the country, we think it may
be useful to give some of the distances on that noble river, from the
city of
York to the city of
New
Troy.
Note.
— w. denotes
zvest side, e.
east side.
New
From
2 miles
8 :— to
:
—
York
to
Hoboken,w.
Manhattanville, e. 6
Fort Lee, w. 2—10 :— to
to
King'sBridgc,3— 13:— (The
Palisadoes, perpendicular cliirs of great
elevation, on the west bank of the
commence at Hobcken, and
extend 20 miles to Tappan bay) to
Fort Independence, e. 2 15:
to
Tarrytown, e. 12—27 :— to Sing
Sing, e. 5—32 :— to Stony Point
light-house, w. 8
40
to Fort
Fayette, Verplanck's Point, e. 1
Dunderburgh Mountain,
to
41
(Here
w. and Peekskill, e. 2 43
river,
— —
—
:
—
:
—
— —
celebrated
:
we
enter
the
justly
Highlands, pronounced by every
honest Yankee to be equal if not
superior to any scenery of the kind
in his own country) to St. Anthony's Nose, e. and Foi-ts Montgome46
to ButI'y and Clinton, w. 3
to West
termilk Falls, w. 4 50
Point Fort Putnam, w. 2 52:
to West Mountain, w. and Cold
— —
— —
—
:
:
—
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
4 — 5S —
Newbui-o-h,
— Hamburgh, 7
4 — 72:
Poughkeepsie,
68: —
Spring,
w.
5
e.
61
:
to
:
e.
to
e.
to
to
Hyde
Park,
e.
9— SI :— to Lew-
is' Landiag, e. and Esopus, w. 5
86: to Kingston Landiag, w. and
Rhiiiebeck Landing, e. 4 90
to Upper Red Hook Landing, e. and
Ulster, w. 11—101 :— to ^Catskill
Landing, w. 9 110: to Hudson,
and Athens, w. 6 116:— to
e.
124
Cox-sackie Landing, w. 8
127:
to Kinderhook Landing, e.3
the
to
to Ccemans,
w. 5 132
141 :^—
Overshiugh, (sand bars) 9
144:
to Troy,e.
to Albany, vv. 3
6
150.
The whole distance from
Boston to Troy, by this ro.ite, is 357
—
—
—
:
—
—
—
—
— —
—
— —
:
:
—
miles.
At Catskill Landing, visitors to
Pine
the Catskill mountains stop.
Orchard Hotel, a splendid building,
This Mountain
is 12 miles distant.
House is 2,274 feet above the tide
few yeai-s ago
of the Hudson.
this enchanting spot wa::'. a wilderness.
A
" From
this
lofty
eminence
all
inequalities of surface are oveilookseemingly endless succesed.
farms
sion of woods and waters
and villager, towns and cities, are
spread out as upon a boundless map.
Far beyond rise the Taakannuc
/nountains, and the highlands of
A
—
Conn ;>.cticut and Massachusetts. To
the Ijft, and at a still greater distance, tiie Green mountainsof Vern:ont stretch away to the north, and
their blue summits and the blue sky
The beautiful
mingle together.
Hudson, studded with islands, appears narrowed in the distance,
with steam-boats almost constantly
in sight; while vessels of every
description, spreading their white
canvas to the breeze, are moving
rapidly over its surface, or idly
loitering in the calm.
These may
be traced to the distance of nearly
seventy miles with the naked eye
and again at times all below is enveloped in dark clouds and rolling
;
19
which, driven about by the
is constantly assuming new,
wild, and fantastic forms.
From
the Pine Orchard a ride or walk of
a mile or two brings you to the
mist,
wind,
Kauterskill falls.
Here the outlet
of two small lakes leaps down a
perpendicular fall of 130 feet then
glides away through a cliannel
woi-n in the rock, to a second fall
of 80 feet.
Below this it is lost in
the dark ravine through which it
finds its WAj to the valley of the
Catskill."
—
Troy
is
a beautiful city.
It lies
on the east side of Hudson river,
in the county of Rensselaer, New
York, at the head of navigation,
and at the junction of the northern
and western canals with that noble
river.
The city is on an elevated
plain, regularly laid out
the streets
are wide and well shaded
the
buildings are uniformly neat, and
many of them in a style of superior
elegance.
St, Paul's churcii, and
the new Presbyterian, are splendid
edifices, and di'^^play great taste in
their construction.
The city of Troy is abundantly
:
:
supplied with excellent water froiu
the neighboring hills, at an expense
of $150,000.
The source of the
water is 75 feet above the level of
the city.
At the corner of every
street are hydrants, and a hose placed on these sends the water up
higher and with greater force than
a fire engine.
The squares and private gardens
are ornamented with perpetual water fountains.
In JVashington Square
is
an Ital-
ian marble fountain, chaste and classic in its construction, in the centre
of the city.
It sends up the witer
ten or fifteen feet, and in its descent
resembles the weeping willow
This sianificant emblem of purity
gives this beautiful square an addi-
—
tional
charm.
Two
streams, affording
immense
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
empty
the
of the
city, and one of them rolls down a
beautiful cascade, a short distance
from Washington square ; an object worthy of a visit from the curi-
water
facilities,
Hudson within
the
into
limits
ous traveler. These streams move
the machinery of numerous mills.
About a quarter of a mile from
the centre of the city, Mount Ida
rears its head three or four hundred
feet in height, from whose summit
every building in the city, 4he
windings of the canals and river,
the foaming of the Mohawk, and
the neighboring towns of Albany,
Vfaterford, and Lansingburgh, are
Troy in 1821, since which time a
commodious building, on a pleasant site, has been erected, 130 feet
The number of scholarg
by 40.
They come
varies from 200 to 275.
from every state in the union, the
Canadas, tiie AVest Indies, and even
from Europe, but chiefly from the
state of New York and New England.
Mrs. Willard's plan of education has received the approbation
distinctly seen.
of some of the wisest men in Europe.
Dr. Combe quotes it, in his
essay on education, with unqualified approbation. This institution is
conducted almost entirely by females it is, in fact, a female college, and many are the degrees of
Troy was incorporated as a vilIt then liad a populage in 1801.
Population, 1810,
lation of 2,000.
In 1S16 it became a city.
3,895.
5,264;" 1825,
1820,
Population,
usefulness conferred by its learned
principal on its numerous and lovely graduates.
The institution is incorporated,
and it cannot fail of receiving the
7,875; 1830,11,405; 1836,13,000.
Troy has risen to its present state
of opulence and population by its
favorable position for trade, but
more especially the enterprize and
economical habits of its people.
Many of the first settlers of Troy
came from New England in humble
Some of those who
circumstances.
thus came have amassed princely
fortunes, and acquired a name more
recent
than gold.
valual)le
Mayor of the city came from the
best
wislies
May
no event occur
A
east as a
day
laborer.
The
late
chief magistrate of the justly styled
" Empire State," a Nev/ Englander,
was found in 1822 soliciting the
patronage of the Trojans as an attorney at law. Troy v/as formerly
called Vanderheyden, in honor of
a worthy Dutchman whose farm
comprised the most compact part of
:
of the community.
to m.ar its prosperity and usefulness.
The traveler will visit the "Fountain City" again, on his way from
Champlain Lake. See Burlington,
Vt., in the Register.
liOng
town
male Seminary must not be omitted
account of the "FounCity," as it is an institution of
rare excellence, conducted by a
lady of extraordinary attainments.
This school was commenced at
in this brief
tain
co.
This
is
a beauti-
on the E.
side of Connecticut river, 97 miles
S. W. by W. from Boston, 5 S. from
Springfield, and 22 N. from HartIncorporated, 1783. Popford, Ct.
ful
vfith a fine soil,
There are
several tanneries in the town, and
some other njanufactures, but the
inhabitants are generally engaged
The Indian
in cultivating the soil.
name of the place was Massacsick.
ulation, 1837, 1,251.
LiOiig I^afee,
the city.
A notice of Mrs.Willard's Fe-
Meadow, Mass.
Hampden
Me.
This is a sheet of water at the
northern part of Piscataquis county,
about 15 miles in length and 2 in
width, which empties by Namjamskillecook river into Temiscouata
lake, the head waters o' Madawas-
ka
river.
It
lies
about 210 miles
N. by E. from Augusta.
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
liongPoud, Me.
See Bridgeton.
ILoudou, IV. K.
Soucook river
Merrimack co.
passes from Gilmanton S. through
Loudon, furnishing valuable mill
There is some good inprivileges.
tervale on its borders.
Loudon was
originally a part of Canterbury
was incorporated, 1773.
Loudon
lies 7 miles N. E. from Concord.
Population, 1830, 1,642.
liOvell,
Me.
Oxford CO. This town embraces
Kezer pond, a large sheet of water,
and other ponds whose outlet is into
Lovell
the Saco, at Fryeburgh.
lies 10 miles N. fiom Fryebui-gh,
20 W. S. W- from Paris, and 67 W.
S. W. from Auiiu:^ta.
IncorporaPopulation, 1837, 876.
ted, 1800.
" In this town are Lovell's Falls,
which are an object of great natural curiosity.
Where the water
makes over into the tremendous babelow,
perpendicularly
there is
a chain of eight ponds, partly in
Lovell and partly in Waterford, connected by small natural dams one
or two rods in width, through which
there are sluiceways, which will
admit the passage of a common sail
boat.
The scenery of the mountains and ascending lands in the vicinity is rural and beautiful."
sin
40
feet.
it
falls
Above
tlie falls,
liO-well,
Me.
Formerly called
Huntressville.
Incorporated by its
present name in 1838. " See Down
Penobscot
co.
East."
liowell, Vt.
Orleans
co.
This town was
settled in 1806, and
first
was
called Kelof years.
It
leyvale for a number
lies 36 miles N. from Montpelier,
and 10 S. W. from Irasburgh. Population, 1830, 314.
This "township
is mountainous, and the fountain
head of Missisque river.
liOivell, Mass.
Middlesex co. County town.—
This city, tiie American Manchester, is remarkable for the extent of
its water power, its rapid growth,
and the height to which it has rais-
ed the American character, by the
perfection of its manufactures.
Lowell has risen to eminence by
the remai-kable energy and skill of
a few individuals ; among whom
Patrick T. Jackson, Esq. of
Boston, and the late Kirk BooTj
Esq. were distinguished.
It lies on the S. side of Merri-
mack river, below Pawtucket Falls,
and at the union of Concord river
with the Merrimack.
In 1815, the site where the city
stands was a wilderness, with the
exception of a few lonely dwellings.
In 1824, Lowell, then a part
of Chelmsford, was incorporated as
a town.
In 1835, it became a city.
Lowell is situated 25 miles N. from
Boston, 14 N. N. E. from Concord,
37 N. E. from Worcester, and 38 S.
S. E. from Concoid, N. H.
Population, 1830, 6,474; 1837, 18,010.
The hydraulic power of this place
is produced by a canal, of a mile
and a half in length, 60 feet in
width, and 8 feet in depth, extending from the head of Pawtucket
Falls to Concord river.
This canal
has locks at its outlet into Concord
river
it also serves for the passage
of boats up and down the Merrimack. From this canal, the water
is conveyed by lateral canals to various places where it is wanted for
use, and then discharged, either into the Merrimack or Concord.
The canal is owned by " The
Proprietors of the Locks and Canals
on Merrimack river." This company was incorporated in 1792, and
have a capital of $600,000. They
dispose of lauds and mill privileges,
and own the machine shop, and
carry on the manufacture of machinery.
The first cotton mill at
this place was erected in 1822.
The whole fall of the Merrimack
;
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
this place is 30 feet, and the breadth, and from 4 to 7 stories in
quantity of water never falls short height.
of 2,000 cubic feet per second,
The Locks and Canals Machine
and is very rarely so low as that. Shop, included among the 23 mills,
This quantity of water is estimated can furnish machinery complete for
to carry 283,000 spindles, with all a mill of 5,000 spindles in four
the preparatory machiner3\
There months, and lumber and materials
is therefore an unimproved water
are always at command, with which
power at this place sufficient to to build or rebuild a mill in that
carry eleven mills of the usual size, time, if required.
When building
making the whole number of mills mills, the Locks and Canals Com89, when all the water is improved. pany employ directly and indirectTlierc are 10 corporations, with a ly fiom a thousand to twelve huncapital siock of $8,250,000
28 mills dred hands.
besides machine shops, print works,
There are also in Lowell 10
&c., all warmed in cold weather by powder mills, a tiour mill, glass
hot air or steam.
works, the Lowell bleachery, flanThere are 150,404 spindles, and nel mills, and manufactoriesof cards,
4,361 looms. There are 51,147,200 whips, planing and reed machines,
yards of cloth manufactured per an- boots, shoes; bras?, copper and tin
num ; 12,220,000 yards dyed and \vares, carriages, harnesses, iron
printed, and 16,161,600 lbs. of cot- castings, &c. &c.
the annual proton used annually, besides a large ceeds of which amount to about
quantity of wool.
$500,000, employing about 2U0
There are annually used in these hands.
manufactoiies, 11,000 tons of AnLowell is finely situated in regard
thracite coal, 4,810 cords of wood, to health
it is surrounded by pleas500,000 bushels of charcoal, 63,489 ant hills and valleys, and seated on
gallons of oil, 510,000 pounds of a rapid stream.
We aie enabled to
starch, and 3,800 barrels of flour state on good authority that 6 of
for starch in the print works and the females out of 10 enjoy better
bleachery.
health than before being employed
The number of females employ- in the mills, and that one half of the
ed in the mills, is 6,295 number of males derive the same advantage.
Total number of
Lowell is very handsomely locatmales, 2,047.
hands, 8,342. The average wages ed
it is laid out into wide streets;
of females per week, clear of board, all the buildings are of recent construction, and in a style of neatness
is ^'1,75; of males, 80 cents per
day, clear of board. The average and elegance.
amount of w^ages paid per ^month
With regard to the future prosis $106,000.
perity of this interesting city, nothThe goods manufactured in these ing need be said to those who know
mills consist of sheetings, shirtings, that it was founded, and is princidrillings, calicoes, broadcloths, cas- pally sustained, by the most emisimeres, carpets, rugs, negro cloth
nent capitalists of Boston a city
machinery for mills, and for en- renowned for its enterprize, wealth,
gines and cars for rail-roads.
The and public spirit.
quality of these goods is generalTo strangers we would say visit
ly superior to those imported.
The it. It is a pleasant ride of about an
annual amount of goods manu- hour from Boston, by the rail-road.
factured by these mills is about Foreigners view Lowell with ad$8,000,000.
miration and every American who
at
:
;
:
:
:
;
;
;
The
mills are built of brick, and
are about 157 feet in length, 45 in
sees it feels proud that such a city
exists on this side of the Atlantic,
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
liubec, Me.
Washington
es a
Lubec compris-
co.
township of good land, lying
at the
the surrounding country.
Some
valuable minerals have been discovered here.
northeasterly corner of the
and contains a point of land
extending easterly on which West
liiidloAv,
state,
Quoddy Head
light-house is situated, at the western entrance into
Passamaquoddy bay.
This place
possesses an admirable harbor for
vessels of any draught of water it
is easy of access and never obstructed by ice.
There are also within
the town a number of bays, coves,
and several islands. Grand Menan
stretches off the mouth of the harbor on the E. 5 or 6 miles distant,
and Campo Ballo, another English
island, lies very near and protects
the harbor on the north.
This
town was taken from Eastport in
1811, and contained 3S0 inhabitants. Population, 1820, 1430; 1S30,
2,081; 1S37, 4,161.
Lubec, in common with Eastport,
enjoys a very extensive trade with
the Bay of Fundy and the great
waters of Passamaquoddy bay.
The village, or principal place of
business, is beautifully located on a
point of land jutting out into the
;
it makes a fine appearance,
commands an active trade, and is
harbor
;
flourishing in its navigation and
fishery.
It lies 3 miles S. from
Eastport, 30 E. from Machias, 173
E. by N. from Augusta, and 31 S.
E. from Calais, at the head of navigation on the St. Croix river.
liWdloA^', "Vt.
Windsor
Black and Williams'
town a good water
power.
It is likewise watered by
a number of large ponds well stored with fish.
Ludlow w^as first setCO.
rivers give this
tled in 1784.
It
lies
61 miles S.
from Montpclier, and 18 S. W. from
Windsor. Population, 1830, 1,227.
The town is mountainous, but
contains good land for the grazing
of sheep and other cattle.
The
village is very pleasant, and the
centre of considerable trade with
19*
Mass.
Hampden
co.
This town lies N.
Wilbraham, and is separated from
it
by Chickopee river.
It is 84
miles W. by S. from Boston, and 10
of
N. E. from
Springfield.
Incorporated, 1774.
The Chickopee here
is a large stream, and adds much to
the beauty of the place.
There
are two cotton mills in the town,
and manufactures of palm-leaf hats
and ploughs total value, in one
year, $160,850.
Population, 1837,
i,329.
:
liuuenliurgli, Vt.
Essex CO.
On the west side of
Connecticut river, and watered by
Neal's branch and pond, and Catbow branch
good mill streams.
Some of the land is very good, but
the most of it is stony, appearently
;
—
of diluvial formation, consisting of
rounded masses of granite embedded in clay and gravel.
This is a
good grazing town, and produces
some cattle, and butter and cheese
for market.
First settled about
Population, in 1830, 1,054.
lies 45 miles E. N.
E. from Montpelier, and 8 S. from
Guildhall.
1770.
Lunenbvirgh
liiuieulburgli, Mass.
Worcester co.
The soil of this
town is good, the surface uneven
and watered by some branches of
Nashua river. Considerable amount
of books are printed and bo nd in
this town, and there are souie manufactures of palm-leaf hats, cha'rs,
cabinet ware, leather, boots and
shoes. Lunenburgh is a very pleasant town: 42 miles N. W. from
Boston, and 24 N. from Worcester.
Incorporated, 1728.
Population,
1837, 1,250.
York
CO.
This
is
a pleasanl
�NFAV
town, watered by
which
erapt}'',
some
ENGLA?.^0
several pomb
into the Saco,
generally of good soil, but greatly
diversified in regard to surface
some parts are mountainous and
and others iato the Kenusbunk and
Mousum. It lies 87 miles S. W.
from Augusta, 5 E. from Alfred and
6 N. N. W. from Kennebunk. Pop-
rocky, while others are level, with
large tracts of salt
town
Grafton co. On Connecticut rivThis town is 13 miles above
Haverhill, 9') miles N. N. W. from
Concord. There is one considera-
There are several neat villages in the town, a cotton mill,.
ham's river has
its
2
Lyman's moun-
The N, W. branch
of Burn-
factories,
and about 6,000
Lyme was
first
settled
in
Incorporated, 1667.
It lies
40 miles S. E. from Hartford, and 40
Population,
E. from New Haven.
Its Indian name was
1830, 4,034.
1664.
source fi-om this
T!)ere are several poadi
in the E. part of Lyman, through
the largest of which Burnham's
river has its course. The lower bar
of the Fifteen Mile falls is in this
town. Carleton's falls are several
miles below, and below these is
JYeh antic.
Among
the
settlers
first
Matthew Griswold, the
was
ances-
two governors, and of a numerous and highly respected family
tor of
Stevens' ferry, which communiLyman was
with Barnet.
granted in 1761.
Population, in
1830, 1,321.
in the state.
A
tract of land, once an Indian
reservation, was for some time in
dispute between the town^5 of Lyme
cates
T-S,
woolen
sheep.
mountain.
Tiyme,
is
leges.
er.
tain.
The
meadow.
watered by several streams
and ponds, and the shores on the
sound and river are indented by
small bays and harbors, which afford the town some navigable privi-
ulation, 1837, 1,523.
ble elevation, called
GAZS'TTEE-R.
and New London. It was finally
agreed to settle their respective titles to the land in contioversy, by a
combat between t\v j champions, to
be chosen by each for that purpose.
The combatants were chosen, and
on a day mutually appointed, the
champions appeared in the field,
and fought with their fists till victory declared in favor of each of the
Lyme combatants. Lyme then qui-
11.
Grafton co.
Thi (own is 6 miles
from Orford, and 54 N. W. froin
Concord.
The soil h-ere is similar
to that of other (owns on Connecticut river, with this difference, that
there is a less proportion of intervale, and a less difference betv/een
that directly adjoining the river and
the other parts of the town. There
are three small streams passing
^
S.
etly took possession of the contro-
through Lyme and emptying into
Connecticut river. There are two
verted tract, and has held it undisputed, to the present day.
Deacon Marvin, a large land
holder and an exemplary man, was
exceedingly eccentric in some of
His courtship, it is
his notions.
Having one
said, was as follows:
day mounted his horse, with only a
sheep skin for a saddle, he rode in
front of the house where Betty Lee
small ponds, the largest of which is
called Ports pond. There is a mountain, called Smart's mountain, lying
in the N. E. part of the town.
Lyme was granted 1761. The town
was settled 1764. Population, in
1830, 1,804.
—
Xiymc, Ct.
lived,
and without dismounting re-
New
London co. Lyme is situ- quested Betty to come to him; on
ated at the mouth of Connecticut her coming, he told her that the
river, on the east side, opposite to Lord had sent him there to marry
]
Saybi'ook.
It
ia
^ pleasa&t town.
her,
Betty, without
much
hesi-
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
tation, replied.
The
Lord's will be
,
sumpsic and some of
its
tributaries.
Two
done.
The following is on the Deacon's
monument in the grave yai-d, dated,
October 18, 1737.
This Deacon aged 68
on earth from serving
May for a crown no lont^er wait
Lyme's Captain Reynold Marvin.
:
Is freed
liyiideborougli, N. H.
Hillsborough
co.
This town
is
10 miles W. N. W. from Amherst,
and 35 S. S. W. from Concord. It
is an elevated township, having a
con-iderahle mountain which divides it from E. to W.
There is, in
the N. E. part of the town, below
the mountain, a plain, where there
is a small village, pleasantly situatThe
ed near Piscataquog river.
important falls of that river
are in the town, one of 65 feet in
the distance of 30 rods
the other
;
of 18 feet.
These are called Great
and Little Falls, and afford a water
power of great extent.
Agaric
mineral, used for chalk, and a good
substitute for Spanish white, is found
here.
The principal village is very
pleasant and the seat of considerable business.
The scenery about
the
town
esting.
is
picturesque and interis probably no inte-
There
town in the state that contains
more valuable water privileges than
Lyndon.
rior
Ijynii,
Mass.
Essex CO.
Lynn is one of the
most flourishing and beautiful towns
in the state.
soil of this town, though stony, is
It lies on a plain, surdeep and strong. For grazing it is, rounded by rising ground, except
perhaps not exceeded by any town on the east, where it opens to Lynn
The streams are bay, embracing the romantic penin the county.
small, originating principally from insula of JSTahant, with its beautisources in the town, and running ful beach, and Phillips' Point, both
highly esteemed resorts for all classN. and S. from the mountain.
Lyndeborough was originally grant- es of people; the sick, the serious,
ed in 1690.
In 1758, Benjamin and the gay. The soil of the town
Lynde, Esq. of Salem, purchased a is fertile and well cultivated. It is
cou'iiderable part of the township, watered by the river Saugus, the
The
and adjoining lands.
From him, Indian name of the place.
the place, when it was incoiporated town is neatly built on wide and
pleasant streets, and contains a popin 1764, took trie name of LyndeboIt lies 9
ulation of about 10,000.
rough.
It was settled as early as
1750.
On the 15th of Nov., 1809, miles N. E. from Boston, and 5 S.
three children were burnt in a barn, W. from Salem.
Lynn has risen to wealth and
while their parents were attending
importance by the enterprise and
an installation at IVIont Vernon.
—
Population, in 1S30, 1,117.
liyndoii, Vt.
Caledonia co. First settled, 1783.
34 miles N. E. from Montpelier, and 10 N. N. E. from Danville.
Population, 1S30, 1,822.
Lyndon is one of the best townships
in the state
its surface is undulating, with a soil of rich loam, free
from stone, easy to cultivate, and
very productive of wool, cattle,
pork, butter and cheese.
It is admirably well watered by the PasIt lies
:
people, in the manushoes, particularly for
which, more than any other town
in the country, it is justly celebrated.
The manufacture of ladies'
shoes was commenced here before
the revolutionary war, and it is curious to observe the great changes
that have occurred in the fashion
industry of
facture
its
of
and manufacture of that
article.
" In olden times," says the
buryport
Herald, "ladies'
Newshoes
were made in Lynn of common
woolen cloth, or coarse curried
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
leather; afterwards of stuffs such
as cassimere, everlastinp;, shalloon
and russet some of satin and damaskjOthers of satin lasting and florentine.
They were generally cut
with straps, for large buckles,
which were worn in those days by
women as well as men. Ladies'
shoes, 70 years ago, were made
mostly with white and russet rands,
and stitched very fine on the rand
with white-waxed thread.
Some
were made turn pumps and channel
;
making, which was
once a good business, was totally
ruined."
Li the year ending April 1, 1837,
there were manufactured in Lynn
2,543,929 pairs of shoes, and 2,220
pairs of boots, valued at ^1,689,793.
In this manufacture, 2,631 males
and 2,554 females were employed ;
until the heel
total
number, 5,185.
During
that
time the manufacture of vessels,
cordage, tin ware, oil casks, morocco leather and shoe boxes amounted
pumps, all having wooden heels, to $188,409. During the same pecalled cross-cut, cot7imon,3.nd court riod there were 5 vessels employed
heels.
Then the cork, plug, and in the whale and 14 in the cod and
wedge or spring heels, came into mackerel fishery.
Besides this,
use.
The sole-leather was all 4,608,000 pounds of cod, haddock,
worked v.fith the flesh side out.
halibut and other fish were tak" Previous to the war of the revo- en in boats and sold fresh. The tolution, the market for Lynn shoes tal value of the fisheries amounted
was principally confined to New to ^170,320.
Total value of the
England
some few, however, manufactures and fisheries of Lynn,
were exported to Philadelphia. in one year, $2,048,522.
Lynn
Many individuals with small capi- was first settled in 1629 Incorpotal carried on the business in their
rated, 1637.
own families. Fathers, sons, apliysmiield, Mass.
prentices, and one or two journeymen, all in one small shop, with a
Essex CO.
The surface of this
chimney in one corner, formed the tov/n is uneven, and the soil rather
whole establishment.
hard and unproductive. It contains
"After the revolution, the business some good farms, a number of pleasassumed a different aspect. Enter- ant ponds, and is watered by Ipsprising individuals embarked in the wich river on the north.
There is
business in good earnest;
hired a woolen mill in the town, and manufactures of bar iron, ploughs, boots
a great number of journeymen
built large shops, took apprentices, and shoes ; annual value
about
1782.—
and drove the business.
Incorporated,
Master $50,000.
workmen shipped their shoes to Population, 1837, 674.
Lynnfield
the south, so that Lynn shoes took is 12 miles N. from Boston, and 9
the place of English and other im- W. by N. from Salem.
ported shoes.
Morocco and kid
;
Macliias Rivers
began
be imported from England, which
leather, suitable for shoes,
to
soon took the place of stuffs. Roan
shoes were now little called for
and the improvement of working
the sole-leather grain side out, was
now generally adopted, making
what is called dvff bottoms. About
the year 1794, wooden heels began
to go out of use, by the introduction of leather spring heels.
This
improvement progressed gradually,
The
river in
and Bay, Me.
Washington County
formed of two branches, which
receive their head waters from several ponds, at the distance of about
40 miles, in a N. W. direction.
The eastern branch passes through
These branches
East Machias.
unite near the line of Machias and
Machias Port, and in their course
produce a great and valuable hydraulic power.
is
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
Machias and
Little
Machias riv-
Penobscot countj^ are important tributaries to the Aroostook.
Their course is easterly, and their
mouths meet near each other about
30 miles W. N. W. from Mars Hill.
Machias Bay sets up from the
sea about 10 miles and meets Machias Port.
This bay is 4 oi- 5 miles
in width at its mouth, and contains
in its bosom several coves, harbors,
and beautiful islands: Cross island
ers, in
lying at
its
mouth
the largest,
is
being about 3 miles by
2.
MacSiias, Me.
Washington co.
County town.
This was a famous lodgement of the
Indians.
First settled, 1782.
was incorporated
the
first
PenoS
in 17S4,
corporate
It
and was
town between
Croix rivers.
It
compri-ed East Machias
cot anil St.
formerly
The village is
Port.
the east side of the
west branch, and near the mouth
of Middle river.
It contains the
county buihiing, numerous saw
mills, and has an extensive trade,
particularly in lumber.
Machias
lies 143 miles E. N. E. from Augusta.
Population, 1837, 1,239. this
is a pleasant and interesting town.
anil
Machias
situated on
Macliias Poi't, Ble.
Washington
Incorporated
co.
3 S. from Machias.
1837, 821.
Mailainiscontis River, Me.,
Rises in a large pond, and empties, from the N. W. into Penobscot
river, about 45 miles above Bangor.
MadaAvaslia River, Me.
This river is in the county of Penobscot, and is the outlet of Temiscouata lake, and other large bodies
of water in the northern part of the
county bordering on the line of
Lower Canada.
This river and
these lakes, with their numerous
tributaries, water a country of great
extent, and which is said to equal
any country in the world in fertility, even the luxuriant prairies of the
" boundless west." The course of
these waters is N. W. and traverse a
distance of more than 100 miles.
From the mouth of Madawaska into the St. John's to Augusta is about
240 miles N. N. E.
Madawaska, Me.
Washington
and
state
miles E. N. E. from Augusta, ?nd
by Dover,
It is
:
—
co.
This town was
incorporated in lS31,and comprises
the territory marked F. and K. on
Greenleaf's map.
It is bounded E.
by the British Province of New
Brunswick, N. near the passage of
St. John's, across the line of the
the southern part of
Old Machias, and extends northward to the union of the branches
of Machias river.
It has a great
number of mills, and is very extensively engaged in the lumber trade.
It is a port of entry
an
it has
excellent harbor, and considerable
navigation in the coasting and fishing business.
The tonnage of the
district in 1837, was 8,360 tons. In
this part of Old Machias the Plymouth Colony established a trading
house in 1630. It was subsequently occupied by the French for several years.
Machias Port lies 146
in 1826.
Population,
;
W. and
fertile territory
S. by a vast and
between the Aroos-
took and St. John's rivers ; at present but thinly inhabited. This town
was the place where the land agents
of Maine were taken, by order of
the British government, and imprisoned at Frederickton, N. B.
In
1837, Madawaska was supposed to
contain a population of 2,487.
It
about 220 miles N. E. by N.
from Augusta, and 130 N. W. from
Frederickton, N. B.
lies
Madlbiiry, N. H.,
Strafford co.,
S.
is
bounded N. E.
W. by Durham and
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
Lee, N.
W. by
Barrington.
The About
of this town is generally productive. In some parts of the town,
bog iron ore has been dug up in
considerable quantities, and in some
instances red and yellow ochre.
Bellamay bank river is the only
stream of any magnitude, and Barbadoes pond the only considerable
body of water. This pond lies besoil
tween Dover and Madbury, and
is
120 rods long, 50 wide. Madbury
formerly constituted a part of the
ancient town of Dover; but was set
off and incorporated May 31, 1755,
by its present name. Population,
in 1S30, 510.
Madison, Me.
Somerset co. This township lies
on the E. side of Kennebec river,
34 miles N. from Augusta and
bounded S. by Norridgewock. It
was incorporated in 1804. Population, 1830, 1,272
is
;
1837, 1,608.
It
watered by a beautiful pond, the
outlet of which is at Skowhegan.
There are three pleasant villages in
the people are generalthe town
:
—
husbandmen. The best compliment that can be paid to the soil is,
ly
it produced, without any extraordinary effort, 10,188 bushels of
wheat, in 1837.
that
Madison,
what
Point.
by
S.
is
called
Hammonasset
This town lies IS miles E.
from New Haven, and 33 S.
from Hartford.
Population, 1830,
The soil of the town is
1,809.
stony, and naturally hard to cultivate ; but it is made quite productive of corn, rye and potatoes by the
use of white fish, ploughed in.
These fish appear in the sound about
the 1st of June, and continue 3 or
4 months. They are taken in great
quantities and are considered an excellent manure.
They were
suit.
The Hon. Thomas ChitteivD^N, for many years governor of
Vermont, and
his brother
Ebene-
ZER Chitteivden,
a gentleman
of great mechanical genius, were
The former
natives of this town.
was born in 1730, and died in 1797.
The
following
is
the inscription
on a monument in the grave yard,
in memory of an old sea captain.
Though Boreas'
blasts
and Neptune's
waves
Have toss'd me to and fro,
In spite of both by God's decree
I harbor here below,
Where I do at anchor ride
With many of our fleet j
Yet once again I must set sail
Our Admiral, Christ, to meet.
Mad Rivers.
Mad
River in JV. H., rises
the mountains in the N. E.
part of Grafton county ; it crosses
the S. E. part of Thornton and falls
into the Pemigewasset at Campton.
River, Vt.
rapid stream,
rises in the high lands S. of Warren,
and after passing through
Waitsfield, it falls into Onion river at Moretown.
among
A
Mad
€t.
New Haven co. This town was
taken from Guilford in 1826. It lies
on Long Island Sound, and embraces
10,000 of these fish are considered a good dressing for an acre
of land.
This place has a small harbor and
some navigation. Ship building is
the most important mechanical pur-
Madrid, Me.
Franklin co. This township was
incorporated in 1836. It is watered
by some of the head branches of
Sandy river and contains a part of
Saddleback mountain. The soil is
excellent and yielded, in 1837,
3,387 bushels of wheat. PopulaIt lies 25
tion same year, 351.
miles N. W, from Farmington and
about 105 N. W. from Augusta.
Maduiiliccunk liiver. Me.
first
thus used about the year 1798.
Penobscot
co.
A
tributary of
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
the Penobscot on the W. side, about
6 miles above the Madamiscontis.
a pleasant pond and by Paul's
stream. It has some good land, but
most of it is poor. First settled,
Slaidstoiie, Vt.
1770.
Population, 1S30, 236.
It
Essex CO.
This mountainous lies 54 miles N. E. from Montpelier,
township lies on the W. side of and 8 N. from Guildhall
Connecticut
rivei-
:
it is
watered by
MAINE.
This State was originally granted by James
I. to the Plymoufh Compawas transferred to Mason and Gorges in 1624
This grant comprised all the territory between Merrimack river and Sagadahock. The territory was afterwards purchased by Massachusetts for
ny, in 1606, by
d£l,250,
who
whom
it
obtained a confirmalioa of the charter in 1691, with the ad-
Maine and Kova
dition of the residue of
called the Province of
This
state,
New
a
what
is
now
formerly the District of Maine, became independent of
By
Massachusetts in 1S20.
vested in
Scotia, including
Brunswick.
the Constitution, the legislative
power
13
Senate and House of Representatives, elected annually by
the people, on the second
ators cannot
Monday
in
September.
be less than 20, nor more than 31.
The number of SenThe number of Repre-
No town
more than 200.
more than seven Representatives.
sentatives cannot be less tlian 100, nor
Is entitled to
The executive power
is
vested in a Governor,
who
is
or city
chosen annually
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
—
His ofBcial term
by the people, on the second Monday in September
commences on the first Wednesday in Januar5^
The Legislature meets at Augusta, on the first Wednesday in January, annually, on which day seven Counsellors are elected, by joint bal:
both Houses,
lot of
The
Governor
to advise the
in his executive duties.
Supreme Judicial Court,
may, from time to time, establish.
The Judges are appointed by the Governor and Council, and hold
their oiilces during good behavior, but not beyond the age of 70 years.
The state of Maine is bounded northv/est and north by Lower Canada,
east by New Brunswick, south by the Atlantic ocean, and west by New
Hampshire. It is situated between 43° 5', and 4S° 3' N. lat. and 70°
judicial
power of the
and such other courts
55',
and 6Q^ 47'
The
W.
state is vested in a
as the Legislature
Ion.
It contains
surface of the state
is
an area of about 33,000 square
diversified
by
hills
A
and valleys.
railes.
on
tract
the west side cast of the white mountains, and a part of the north bound-
ary
est
is
The high-
mountainous, though not of extraordinary elevations.
mountains
The range
lie in
detached groups, but they are not numerous.
which
of high land
crosses
Vermont and
New
Hampsiiii-e,
enters the northwest corner of Maine, passing round Chaudiere river
and the head waters of Megantic lake,
parallel with the St.
Lawrence
in
Canada, and running nearly
river, at the
distance of about twenty
miles, terminates on tiie gulph of St. Lawrence, near Cape Rosier.
This is the " Height of Land" or the " North East Ridge," spoken of
in
the treaty of 1733, between Great Britain and the United States, and
which was never called in question until 1814, when the British plenipotentiaries at Ghent proposed to the American Commissioners to discuss
and revise the boundary, so as
They
to
prevent future uncertainty and dispute.
between Quebe-c
Americans to demand an equivalent. This
proposition was refused by the Americans, on the ground that there was
stated that they desired a direct com.municaiion
and Halifax, and
left it to
no question in regard
the
to the limits of their territory.
ritory," so called, includes
The "
disputed ter-
most of the country north of latitude 46°,
in-
New
Hampshire, and most of that large and valuable
portion of ]Maine watered by the Madawaska, St. John's, Y/alloostook,
cluding a part of
Aroostook, and other rivers.
This question involves
nearlj''
the territory of the state.
In the 2d article of that treaty are the follov/ing words
all
:
a third part of
— " Jlnd
tJuit
disputes which might arise in future, on the subject of boundaries
of the United Slates, may he prevented, it is hereby agreed and declared that the following are, and shall be, their boundaries, viz from the
t
northwest angle of A^ova Szotia, (New
that angle
which is formed by a line drawn due north from the source of St. Croix
Brunswick) viz
:
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
along the said highlands which divide those rivriver St. Lawrence from those which
ers that empty themselves into the
the northwesternmosthead of the Connecfall into the Atlantic ocean, to
river to the highlands
;
ticut river."
" Our commissioners at Ghent, having successfully resisted every attempt
agreed upon an article with the British
for the dismemberment of Maine,
treaty boundary,
commissioners, not to revise or to change the ancient
ground that very boundary, without
but to run and estoblish upon the
any
alteration,
and
to ascertain
"the northwest angle
the
fifth in
Nova Scotia;"
Under it,
of
the treaty.
place of beginning. This article is
These commissioners disagreed.
each party appointed^ a commissioner.
to the King of the
According to the treaty, the question was then referred
rejected by the United States,
Netherlands, as umpire, whose award was
according to the
because it did not even profess to decide the controversy
compromise, by a division of the
terms af the submission, but proposed a
its
Great Britian has also since anat the end of more
nounced her abandonment of this award; and now,
treaty of 1783, the quesof the
than half a century after the conclusion
involve the two nations in
only remains unsettled, but threatens to
tion not
disputed territory between the parties.
a dangerous dispute.
" The northwest angle
of
Nova
Scotia
was
a well
known
point, capa-
since the proclamation of 1763, by
ble of being easily ascertained, ever
source of the St. Croix, to insimply running a due north line from the
Province of Quebec, which consists of
tersect the southern line of the
extremity of the bay of Chaleur,
the highlands running from the western
those rivers that empty
head of Connecticut river, and dividing
to the
themselves into the river
St.
Lawrence from
those
which
fall
in o the
of nature, that these highlands,
It is certain as the laws
Atlantic ocean.
be
do flow in opposite directions, can
from tvhich we know that streams
found on the face of the country.
upon the assump" The whole argument of the British government rests
the Atlantic ocean, beinto
is not a river falling
tion that the St. John's
the Bay of Fundy
mouth in the Bay of Fundy. What is
cause it has its
bay is a mere opening of
of the Atlantic ocean ?
if it be not a part
of the uniformity of
into the land-a mere interruption
the main ocean
portions of the ocean
These
indentation of water.
the sea coast by an
A
solely to distinguish
them
fi-om the
have received the name of bays,
Would it not be the
they belong.
remainder of the vast deep to which
of Naples was not a porthat the bay
merest special pleading to contend
part of
or that the
tion of the Mediterranean,
Bay
of Biscay
was not
the Atlantic ocean ?
which
" Again, the description of the treatv U. " nvers
20
a
into the
fall intn tK«»
�NEW ENGLAND
GAZETTEER.
Atlantic ocean."
Can it be said, with any propriety, that a river does
into the Atlantic, because in reaching the
main ocean it may
pass through a bay ? And yet this is the British
argument.
not
fall
The Dela-
ware does not fall into the Atlantic, because it flows into it
through the
bay of Delaware; and, for the same reason, the St. John's
does not fall
into the Atlantic, because it flows into it through
the bay of Fundy."
It is ardently wished that this perplexing
controversy may soon be amicably settled between two friendly powers, whose
interests are so closely
united.
This will probably be the event.
dicate her rights, and the
Maine
is
Maine
is
whole country stands ready
determined
to sustain
to vin-
them.
divided into the twelve following counties: York,
land, Lincoln,
CumberKennebec, Waldo, Hancock, Oxford, Somerset, Penobscot,
Washington, Franklin, and Piscataquis.
Succession of Governors.
William King, 1820.
Albion K. Parris, 1821—1825.
E. Lincoln,
1826—1829.
Jonathan G. Hunton, 1830.
Samuel E. Smith, 1831—
1833.
Robert P. Dunlap, 1834—1837.
Edward Kent, 1838. John
Fairfield,
1839—
Succession of Chief Justices.
Prentiss Mellen, 1820—1834.
The
soil
of
Maine
is
various.
Nathan Weston, 18-34—
For some miles from the sea coast
rocky, sandy or clayey, with some
least productive part of the state.
fertile portions
Advancing
;
generally this
is
it is
the
into the interior, the soil
increases in
fertility.
The average quality of the soil is considered to be
not superior to any other portion of New
England.
In some
parts it is not exceeded in fertility by any
section of the Union.
Some
of the most fertile parts of Maine are now
almost a wilderness.
The ability of the soil of Maine to furnish an ample
supply of bread
stuffs, was fully tested in 1837, by the
production of more than a million
bushels of wheat, besides vast quantities of rye
and corn.
equal
if
The natural productions in the state, already known to
exist in exhaustless quantities, are pine and hemlock timber
granite, slate, lime,
;
iron, and all the materials in the composition
of glass.
Of the first
report of the learned and indefatigable Dr.
Jackson, on the geology of
Maine, the celebrated professor Silliman thus speaks
:
" Maine
country chiefly of primary rocks, with a large
division
of those of transition, and towards New
Brunswick it has an important
region of the lower secondary.
Every where it has alluvial and diluvial
deposits, and vast igneous formations, not only
in tlie interior, but formis
a
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEEK.
part of an «m
oeean surge along a consnlerablo
in. a barrier against the
and estuar.es almost beyond
Jnse sea coast, indented as it is by bays
gneiss,
formations of Mame, are granite,
example. Among the mineral
slate and alum
slates, including roofing
mier od talcose: and other
and brecc.ated
limestone and marble, sandstones
e- "so, soaps one,
greenstone
jasper, including the beautiful
iocks'o many varieties;
numerous and
The trap dykes are
porphyry.
tap and its varieties, and
rocks and proc«t through most of the other
"
exceedingly distinct: They
toad.those peculiar effects, which
duceu on them, most distinctly,
is gre tly
Scientific geology
igneous origin.
monst -ation prove their
"""' '"" ""^^""""""'
rdebtel 'o *- -"«y '°' ^°"<' "' "'^
lu'"e d lu
deposits, the boulders and
diluvial
„ thi head while the
inherent in
and
shells now adhering to
fur-ows n the rocks, the sea
twenty-six
coast, although elevated
rl-swhrd once formed the sea
other topics
spnng at Luhec, and many
;::ta:ove ;.,:::: hoard. . ..n
™-'
;
1
geology.
niimtrate other parts of scientific
of the in re^i
his subject, as wel, as
en'irel/master of
'"d 'jac
remarkable for
and his report is
sciences of mineralogy and chemistry,
style.'
and its attractive
^
itc, lucid clearness
. j k„
oil,,
.
The
<'^cn
great nvers, St.
^^°^';
interior, give
^^^^^.^^ i.^cing
tributaries piei^i 5 the
with their numerous
nvei^,
aiA
P^" "^^
the state, afford a water
The celebrated John Sm'th
made
to the
rrv^ooA
pvtpnt and usefulness.
to settle
u
an :l„essful attempt
^f
^^
lfthr:.ls::rr rs'Llttth!
P,ymo:.
co.ony, at V„rk.
^^
;^^^-z::s^:i^
-. ofCmerce, --;;----Lir: ::2
wool
%rfirst
settlers '^
of
in. the
soil for its
Re sister.
ultimate staples,
^heat, beef,
and
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
Maiden, Mass.
of Londonderry, a part of Chester,
Middlesex co.
A bridge over and a tract of land called HarryMystic river, 2,420 feet in length, town, and incorporated Sept. 3,
connects this town with Charies- 1751, by the name of Derryfield.
town. It lies 5 miles N. from Bos- This name it retained until 1810,
ton, and 16 E, by S. from Concord. when it was changed to ManchesFirst settled, 1648.
Incorporated, ter, by an act of the legislature.
1649.
Population, 1830, 2,010;
1837, 2,303.
It contains a large
ti-act of salt meadow, and considerable timber.
The uplands are
rough and uneven.
The manufac-
tures of Maiden consist of leather,
boots, shoes, block tin, tin ware'
twine,
lasts, and manufactures of
and dye-wood total amount,
year ending April 1, 1S37,
$351,160.
iron
the
:
The
Hillsborough
11.,
general
Johivt
had his residence in this
town, where he died May 8, 1322,
at the great age of 93 years 8 months
and 24 days.
He was born at
Londonderry, August 28, 1723;
was taken prisoner by the Indians,
while hunting near Baker's river,
Rumney, April 23, 1752.
In
1775, he was appointed a c-olonel of
one of the three regiments raised
in
in
Mancliester, N.
venerable
Stark
New
Hampshire
;
was engaged
on the heights of ChaHestown, June
17, 1775
was at the battle of Trenton, in 1776; captured Col. Baum
and 1,000 of the British at Bennington, August 16, 1777.
This event,
in the language of president
Jefferson, was « the first link in the chain
;
co., lies
on the east
Merrimack river, by which
it is bounded on the W. for
8 miles;
on the N. and E. it is bounded by
Chester, S. by Londonderry and
Litchfield.
There are several of successes
which issued in the
streams which have their origin in
surrender of Saratoga."
He was
this town, and which discharge
soon after appointed
side of
themselves into the Merrimack.
Cohass brook, issuing from Massabesick pond, is the largest.
It receives two other small streams from
the S., and empties itself at the S.
W. angle of the town. Massabesick is a large pond, at the E.
side
of the town, and partly within
its
limits.
There are several smaller
ponds.
The soil of a considerable part of
the town is light and sandy.
The
intervales on the river are easy
af
cultivation, and productive.
a brigadier-
general of the United States army,
and, at the time of his death, was
the only surviving American general officer of the revolution.
ulation, 1830, 887.
Pop-
Mancliester, Vt.
Bennington co.
One of the
county towns.
Situated between
the Green mountains on the E.,and
Equinox mountain on the W. The
latter is 3,706 feet above the
sea.
There are two neat
valley;
villages in this
the county
buildings are
by Amoskeag falls is in the south
village.
The scenein this town, and was projected
and ry here is very beautiful.
The
constructed by the ingenuity and
town is watered by the Battenkill
perseverance of the late Samuel
and its branches, and affords good
The
canal
Blodget, Esq. At these falls are
the
works of the Amoskeag Manufacturing Company, where the
foundations of another Lowell
are being
The water power is immense.
This town was formed of a part
laid.
null sites.
The
soil
along the wa-
ter courses is good, but the
principal part of the town is better
for
grazing
than tillage.
Here are
large quarries of beautiful
marble,
some manufactures, a curious cavern, and about 6,000 sheep.
Man-
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
Chester lies 22 miles N. by E. from
Bennington, and about 40 W. from
Bellows Falls, across the mounFirst settled, 1764.
Poputains.
lation, 1830, 1,525.
Manchester, Mass.
This is a flourishing
Essex CO.
town on Massachusetts bay,
26 miles N. E. from Boston, and 5
It was
S. W. from Gloucester.
Poputaken from Salem in 1645.
There are a
lation, 1837, 1,.346.
fishing
number
of vessels belonging to the
town employed in the fishing and
The value of
coasting business.
the fishery, the year ending April
1, 1837, amounted to $12,800. The
value of the articles manufactur-
ed was $96,473.
Those
articles
consisted of vessels, boots, shoes,
leather, chairs, cabinet ware, palmThe
leaf hats, and ships' wheels.
village is very pleasant, and comAlthough
mands fine prospects.
Manchester is a rocky, rough
township, it can boast a rare native
production in this climate, the
magnolia, a beautiful flowerirg
—
tree.
Maucliester, Ct.
Hartford co. An important manufacturing town on the Hockanum,
a valuable mill stream, 10 miles E.
The first cotton
from Hartford.
mill in this state was built here in
There are three pleasant
1794.
villages, six or seven paper mills,
tvio powder mills, woolen and other
The face of the
manufactures.
town is uneven, but the soil, a sandy
.ind gravelly loam, is quite producIt was called Orford, a partive.
ish in East Hartford, until its incor-
poration, in
1830, 1,576.
1823.
Population,
Manliegin Island, Me.
This island lies off Muscongus
There is a
bay, Lincoln county.
light-house on it, the tower of which
It bears S. from
is 30 feet high.
20*
the
mouth of
St.
George's river,
about 12 miles.
Mansfield, Vt.
Lamoille co.
There is some
good land in this town, on Brown's
river and the branches of Waterbury river, but in general it is too
mountainous even for grazing. It
lies 20 miles N. W. from Montpelier, 20 E. by N. from Burlington,
and 13 S. W. from Hyde Park.—
Population, 1830, 279.
tled, 1799.
First set-
Mansfield Mountains extend
through the town of Mansfield from
N.toS. They belong to the Green
mountain range, and the nose and
chin, so called, from their resemblance to the face of a man lying
on his back, exhibits some of the
loftiest summits in the state.
The
nose is 3,933 feet above tide water
the chin, 4,279.
Mansfield, Mass.
Bristol
CO.
This town
lies
26
miles S. S. W. from Boston, 18 N.
E. from Providence, and 11 N. N.
W. from Taunton. It was taken
from Norton in 1770, and is watered
by several branches of Taunton rivThe soil is thin and the surer.
face level. Population, 1837, 1,444.
There are 6 cotton and 1 woolen
mills in the town, and 2 nail factoThe manufactures consist of
ries.
cotton and woolen goods, nails,
straw bonnets, palm-leaf hats, and
total annual amount, about
baskets
:
$110,000.
A
mine of anthracite coal was
discovered in this town a few years
since, near the Boston and Providence rail road, Avhich promises to
be of inestimable value to the community. It was discovered in digging a well. An incorporated company has purchased the right of
mining on that and several adjoining farms. They sunk a shaft which
struck a vein five feet in thickness,
at the depth of 20 feet, running N.
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
to the N.
was continued
E. and S.W., and dipping
W.
The
52°.
shaft
44 feet further, to another vein,
which exceeded 5 feet in thickness,
and which afforded coal of a better
quaUty than that found above.
Subsequent operations have shown
that the veins are numerous, and
the
quantity inexhaustible.
The
coal is of an excellent quality, more
easily broken than the Pennsylvanian, and has less polish on its surface.
Mausfield, Ct.
Tolland co. Mansfield, the Indian JYawhesetuck, was taken from
Windham in 1703. It lies 27 miles
E. from Hartford, 12 S. E. from Tolland, and 19 N. N. W. from Norwich. Population, 1830, 2,661.—
The face of the town is uneven, and
town two cotton factories.
Screw augers and steelyards are
are in the
manufactured here.
Marbleliead, Mass.
Essex CO. This is a noted fishing
town, on a rocky point of land extending into Massachusetts bay,
with a hardy and intrepid crew of
fishermen and sailors. The harbor
is commodious and easy of access.
The quantity of fish exported from
this place in 1794 amounted to
$184,532. Since that time the fishing business has greatly increased,
and this place has now become one
of the largest fishing ports on the
American
coast.
There belong
to
place from 90 to 100 sail of
fishing, coasting and merchant vessels.
Tonnage of the district, in
some of the hills have considerable 1837, 10,037. First settled, 1631.
Population,
The town is watered by Incorporated, 1649.
elevation.
It lies 14 miles N. E.
AVillimantic river, and the Nat- 1837, 5,549.
chaug and its tributaries Mount from Boston, and 4 S. E. from Salem.
The value of the cod and
Hope and Fenton.
larger quantity of silk is man- mackerel fishery the year ending
ufactured here than in any other April 1, 1837, was $153,487; emThis ploying 500 hands. The manufacplace in the United States.
branch o-f industry was introduced tures of Marblehead, the same
The
into the country by Dr. Aspinwall, year, amounted to $398,565.
of this place, above seventy years articles manufactured consisted of
since, who established the raising boots, shoes, bar iron, chairs, cabiof silk worms in New Haven, Long- net and tin wares, vessels, soap,
This is a
Island and Philadelphia. At this pe- glue, cards and wheels.
riod half an ounce of mulberry seed romantic place ; nearly allied to its
only 6 miles
was sent to every parish in Con- neighbor, Nahant
necticut, and the legislature for a across the bay.
this
—
A
;
time offered a bounty on mulberry
265 lbs. were
trees and raw silk
raised in 1793, and the quantity has
been increasing ever since.
In
1830, 3,200 lbs. were raised.
Two
small silk factories have been established in this town by an English
manufacturer, with swifts for winding hard silk ; 32 spindles for doubling ; seven dozens of spindles for
throwing 32 spindles for soft silk
winding and 2 broad and one fringe
—
Margalla^vay River,
K". II.,
:
;
;
silk
and
There is machinery
keep 30 broad silk looms
hands in operation. There
looms.
enough
to
fifty
Has
its
source
among
the high-
which separate Maine from
Low^er Canada, in the N. E. extremity of New Hampshire, about
30 miles N. from Errol. After a S.
lands
course of nearly 20 miles on the
western border of Maine, it enters
New Hampshire at the S. E. part
of the 2d grant to Dartmouth college, where it forms a junction with
the united streams of Dead and
Diamond
rivers.
Thence,
after a S.
course of about 6 miles to Errol,
it
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
receives the
lake.
After
Stream
is
waters of Umbagog
junction the main
this
the Androscoggin river.
Mariaville, Me.
Hancock
co.
This
is
a
townsnip
of good land, finely located on the
E. side of Union river, 8 miles N. by
E. from Ellsworth, and 89 E. N. E.
from Augusta, This town has an
extensive water power and many
saw
mills.
1836.
It
was incorporated
in
Population, 1837, 257.
by Whiting,
Population, 245.
See " Down
Incorporated, 1S34.
East."
Marlborongli, N.
IT.,
bounded N. by
Roxbury, E. by Dublin and Jaffrey,
S. by Troy, W. by Swanzey and
It is 6 miles S. E,
part of Keene.
from Keene, and 55 S. W. from
Concord, There are several ponds
which are the sources of some of
the branches of Ashuelot river.
The
co., is
rocky, but good for grazwas granted,
1751.
The first settlement commenced about 1760. Incorporated
Dec. 13, 1776. Population, in 1830,
822.
soil is
ing.
Marlborough
Marlboroiigli, Vt.
Windham
co. First settled, 1763.
8 miles S. from Newfane,
and 21 E. from Bennington, Population, 1830, 1,218, Mrs. Whittemore, the wife of one of the first
settlers, spent the winter of 1764-5
in this then wilderness, alone, her
husband being absent in the pursuit
During
of his calling, as a tinker.
It
years, officiated as midwife at more
than 2,000 births, and never lost a
patient.
The town
is
well watered by the
of
W. branch
has
Washington co. This township
bounded E. by Edmonds, and S.
Cheshire
to the settlers, both
nurse and a midwife. She possessed a vigorous constitution, and
frequently travelled through the
woods upon snow shoes from one
part of the town to another, both by
night and day, to relieve the disShe lived to the age of 87
tressed.
West river, WhetGreen river. It
stone brook, and
Marion, Me.
is
was very useful
as a
lies
winter she saw no human belittle daughter and
some hunters who happened accithis
ing, except her
dentally to pass that way. She cut
down timber and furnished browse
for their cattle, and thus kept them
alire through the winter. Mrs. W.
a
good soil, and is very producwheat, rye, and other grain,
and potatoes. Here is a pleas-
tive in
Iruit
ant village, several fine trout ponds,
various kinds of minerals and me-
Marlborough sufsome by the Indians, and did
dicinal springs.
fered
much
for
the cause of independ-
ence.
Marlljorougli, Mass.
This is a large
co.
farming town, with a soil of great
fertility and undulating surface.
INIiddlesex
The inhabitants are principally devoted to agricultural pursuits, and
by their industry and skill, have acquired a great degree of independAmong the productions of
ence.
the town, are fat cattle, pork, fruit,
and all the varieties of the dairy a
large amount of which is annually
branch
sent to Boston market.
;
A
of Concord river, and a number of
beautiful ponds, water the town.
The manufactures consist of boots,
shoes, straw bonnets, leather, chairs
and cabinet ware annual amount,
about $75,000. Marlborough, the
Indian Okamakamesit, was first
It was taken from
settled in 1654.
Sudbury in 1660 it suffered much
during the Indian wars, and was
for many years the residence of a
number of Indians who had embraced the christian religion. The
the
villages are very pleasant
richness of the soil, and surrounding scenery its excellent roads and
convenient access to Boston by the
:
;
:
;
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
rail road, renders Marlborough a
desirable residence.
It is 2S miles
W. from Boston, 14 S. W. from Concord, and 16 E. from Worcester.
Population, 1837, 2,039.
MarlborougH
Ct«
Hartford co.
Marlborough was
taken from three towns which belonged to three different counties,
14 miles S. E.
surface of the
town is hilly and stony, and the
lands best adapted for grazing.
It
has a cotton factory, a bed of black
lead, and a good fish pond.
Dark
holloxv, in the western part of the
town, presents some wild scenery
of more terror than beauty.
Population, 1830, 704.
in
1S03.
It
of business in the town.
Here are
two cotton mills, an air and cupola
furnace, a nail factory, and manufactures of cotton and satinet warp.
Peregrine White, the first English child born in
England,
died here in 1704, aged 83.
Incorporated, 1640.
Population, 1837,
1,660.
New
Mars
lies
from Hartford.
The
MarloYF, N. H.
Cheshire co.
It is 15 miles N.
from Keene, and 45 W. by S. from
Concord.
Ashuelot river passes
through almost the whole length of
the town.
There are no ponds of
note, nor any mountains.
Marlow
was chartered,
1761.
Population,
1830, 645.
Me.
;
The
British
Queen seems
desir-
ous of annexing this portion of the
territory of the United States to
her wide and fair possessions. This
notion of the pretty maiden
is
alto-
gether preposterous when she has
maturely considered the treaty made
by her grandfather and the United
:
States, at Paris, in
1783,
we
trust
her good sense will deter her from
urging the claim.
The approach to this mountain is
difficult
its sides are rugged, and
its summit bold.
It has two spurs ;
one of which is 1,506, the other
1,363 feet above the waters of
Goosequill river, in New Brunswick.
:
Marslifield, Vt.
Washington
co. This town, containing 23,040 acres, was granted
to the Stockbridge Indians in 17S2,
and sold by them to Isaac Marsh,
in 1789, for £140.
part of the
soil is good and a part wet and slonj'.
The town produces considerable
wool, and some cattle are reared
for market.
It has a pleasant pond,
and Onion river passes through it.
It lies 12 miles N. E. from Montpelier.
First settled, 1790.
Population, 1830, 1,271.
Marslipee, Mass.
A
Marslifield, Mass.
Plymouth
Hill,
This celebrated mountain is situated about a mile west from the east
boundary of the United States
200 miles N. N. E. from Augusta,
and 80 N. W. from Frederickton,
New Brunswick.
co.
A
pleasant town
on Massachusetts bay, 25 miles S.
E. from Boston, and 15 N. by W.
from Plymouth. It is watered by
North and South rivers, has a tolerable harbor, and some navigation.
Ship building is an important branch
Barnstable co. An ancient Indian territory, and an incorporated
district of 10,500 acres, or about 16
It lies 12 miles S.
square miles.
E. from Barnstable, 8 S. S. E. from
Sandwich, and 8E. from Falmouth.
It is bounded on the S. by the ocean.
There are 350 colored inhabitants
on this territory, and some whites.
There now remain only seven inhabitants, of pure blood of the ti thTheir land is
ers of the forest.
good for grain of all sorts, and is
well wooded. The territory is pleasant,
and some parts of it
afford
beau-
scenery. The Marshpee and
Quashmet are considerable streams.
tiful
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
W.
which, with numerous ponds and
from Concord, and 50 N.
the ocean, afford an abundant supply of tish of various kinds. These
people live by agricultural pursuits,
the manufacture of various articles
of Indian ware, by the sale of their
wood, and by fishing, fowling, and
taking deer. They are docile and
hospitable ; they appear to relish
moral and religious instruction and,
under the superintendence of a hu-
Boston.
The surface is uneven ;
the hills are chiefly large swells,
with narrow valleys between them.
The streams are rapid. There are
no natural ponds. The principal
meadows were formerly beaver
ponds.
Souhegan is the principal
stream, affording many fine mill
seats.
The small streams run into
Nashua river, and into Tanapus, or
Potanipo pond, in Brookline, The
soil in the E. part is rather light.
The W. part is mostly a strong deep
soil, red or dark loam, but stony.
It is good for grass and grain.
In
Mason village, on the Souhegan,
are cotton and woolen manufactories, and other machinery.
Mason
was granted by charter, Aug. 26,
1768.
It w^as formerly known by
The first efthe name of JVo. 1.
fort to settle this place was in 1751,
and the next year a permanent set-
;
mane and
intelligent commissioner,
appointed by the state, they are
prosperous and happy. This is the
remnant of
all the tribes of
of Penobscot river,
who, 218 years ago, were fee simple proprietors of the whole terriEngland!
tory of
largest
red
men west
New
Martlia's Vineyard, Mass.
The
principal of a cluster of
isl-
ands lying off and S. of Barnstable
county and Buzzard's bay, comprising the towns of Edgarton, TisbuSee Dukes
ry and Chilmark.
county.
Mason, X. H.
Hillsborough co. It is 15 miles
S. W. from Amherst, 43 S. S. W.
from
tlement was made by Enoch
Law-
rence, from Pepperell, Mass.
ulation, in 1830, 1,433.
Pop-
Massabesick Fond, N.
See Chester.
II.
�NEW ENGLAND
CiAZETTEER.
MASSACHUSETTS.
This ancient commonwealtli, the mother of
free states,
and of American liberty, was
Europeans,
at
The
every
New
first
England
colonies, of
permanently settled by
Plymouth, on the 22d of December, 1620.
is deeply interesting
it is interwoven with
history of this state
;
and moral event of important occurrence
political
in the
settle-
ment and progress of the whole of North America, which preceded or
was connected with the revolution of 1775.
The name of this state probably arose from the name of a tribe of Indians formerly at Barnstable
;
or from
two Indian words
Mos
and IVe-
tuset ; the former signifying an Indian arrow'' s head, the latter, Hill.
It is stated that the
Sachem who governed
of the landing of our forefathers, lived on a
in this region about the
hill in
time
the form of an Indian
arrow's head, a few miles south of Boston, and was called by the Indians
— Moswetiiset.
Massachusetts
is
bounded
east, southeast,
and south by the Atlantic
ocean.
It has, exclusive of the island counties of Dukes and Nantucket, a sea-coast of about 250 miles.
It is bounded south and west by the
state of
Rhode
Island, about 68 miles
;
south by the state of Connecticut,
87 miles west by the state of New Yoi-k, 50 miles ; north by the state of
Vermont, 42 miles; and north by the state of New Hampshire, 87 miles.
It lies between 41° 31', and 42° 53' N. lat., and 69° 48', and 73° 17' W. Ion.
;
from Greenwich.
Its area is
about 7,800 square miles, or 4,992,000 acres.
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
The
state
comprises 14 counties,
to
wit: Barnstable, Berkshire, Bris-
Dukes, Essex, Franklin, Hampden, Hampshire, Middlesex, Norfolk,
Nantucket, Plymouth, Suffolk, and "Worcester.
tol,
The
legislative
power of
this State is vested in a
The Senate
Representatives.
by districts.
The executive power
is
consists of 40
Senate and House of
members, and
are chosen
vested in a Governor, Lieutenant Governor,
and a Council of 9 members. The Council is elected b y the joint ballot
of the Senators and Representatives, from the Senators and in case the
;
Council thus elected or any of them decline, the deficiency
is
By
the Constitution as
amended
in 1837,
each town or
city,
having 300
ratable polls, at the last preceding decennial census of polls,
one representative
first
for
every 450 ratable
polls, in
may
elect
addition to the
300, one representative more.
Any town
tlius
and
;
supplied
'
from among the people.
:
— The
having less than 300 ratable polls, shall be represented
whole number of ratable polls, at the last preceding valua-
tion census of polls, shall be multiplied
by
10,
and the product divided by
300, and such town
may
ten years, as 300
contained in the product aforesaid.
Any
is
city or town,
having ratable
representatives, with any
may
be represented as
plus
number by
is
number
to that
polls
enough
many
to elect
years within
one or more
of polls beyond the necessary number,
surplus number, by multiplying such sur-
and dividing the product by 450; and such city or
10,
town may elect one
ten years, as 450
elect one representative, as
additional representative, as
many
years within the
contained in the product aforesaid.
Representation.
J^'umher of Representatives to which each town is entitled forlO years,
from 1837, according to the Constitution, as amended in 1837.
in the following table marked tenths, show^s how many years in 10
the respective towns are entitled to an additional Representative.
The column
Towna.
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
Tovjns.
�NEW ENGLAND
Towns.
GAZETTEEP^
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
Senators, and Representatives,
by the people, on the 2d Monday of November, and
The Governor, Lieutenant Governor,
are chosen annually
at Boston on the 1st Wednesday of January.
The Judiciary power is vested in a Supreme Court, a Court of Common Pleas, and such other courts as the Legislature may, from time to
The Judges are appointed by the Governor and Countime, establish.
meet
cil,
and hold their
offices
during good behavior.
Succession of Governors.
John
John Hancock, 17S0— 17S4.
James Bowdoin, 1785, 1786.
Hancock, 1737 1793. Samuel Adams, 1794 1796. Increase Sumner,
1797—1799.
Caleb Strong, 1800, 1306.
James Sullivan, 1807, 1808.
—
—
Caleb Strong,
Elbridge Gerry, 1810, 1811.
Christopher Gore, 1809.
John Brooks, 1816—1822.
William Eustis, 1823, 1824.
Levi Lincoln, 1825—1833.
John Davis, 1834, 1835.
Edward Everett,
1812—1815.
1835—
Succession of Chief Justices of the Supreme Judicial Court.
William Cushing, 1776—1789.
Nathaniel Peaslee Sargent,
Samuel Sewall, 1814.
Isaac
1789—
Theophilus Parsons, 1806—1814.
Francis Dana, 1791—1806.
1791.
Lemuel Shaw,
Parker, 1814—1830.
1830The
1834,
foundation of a school fund was laid by legislative enactment, in
by appropriating "
all
moneys remaining
day of January, 1835, arising from the
ments made
to this
commonwealth by
in the treasury
sale of public lands,
on the
and from pay-
the United States, on account of the
claim for military services and disbursements during the late war,
gether with one half of
as a
all
1st
to-
future proceeds of the sales of public lands,
permanent fund for the encouragement and support of common
which fund is never to exceed one million of dollars."
schools,
A
trigonometrical and astronomical survey of the state,
general court, for the purpose of a
by order of the
new map, was commenced
in 1830,
and will soon be completed.
Surveys of the mineralogy, botany, zoology, and agriculture of the state have been commenced some favorable
reports have been made, and the researches of scientific men are continued, and promise great public usefulness.
;
The
parts
surface of the state
are found in the
is
generally undulating.
The most
counties of Plymouth, Barnstable, and
level
Bristol.
The Green and Taughkannic ranges
of mountains pass through the western counties, but in few places are they remarkable for their elevation.
The
soil
of the state
grains, fruits
is
well adapted
and vegetables common
to
to a
the growth of
all
temperate climate.
the
grasses,
In no part
�NEW ENGLAND
of our country
is
GAZETTEER.
agriculture more honored, or better understood
and re-
warded.
The
resources of Massachusetts in
its commerce, navigation,
manufacthey are stated under the counties and
towns, and will be given summarily, with other statistics
of New Eng-
tures and fisheries are
immense
:
land, in the Register.
Although Massachusetts cannot boast of her navigable
rivers and cacommerce of her capital yet she can boast of the
most beautiful bay on the map of the western world
of her noble
streams for water power; of her luxuriant vales, of
her granite hills,
nals, to facilitate the
;
;
of
her ships, and the material
for
who traverse every sea, and
harpoon and cannon.
building them
who
and of her gallant sailors
well understand the uses of the hook,
Massachusetts Bay.
The whole
of this bay
is
trance
within
the limits of Massachusetts.
The
exterior bounds of this celebrated
bay
Capes Cod and Ann. The
former is in N. lat. 42° 6', and W.
are
long. 70°
42°
45',
Ann
7'.
and
The latter in N. lat.
W. Ion. 70° 17'. Cape
bears from Cape Cod, N. N.
W., about 40 miles.
The length of this bay is about
G2 miles, from N. W. to S. E. its
breadth is about 2.5 miles. Numer:
;
of
Penobscot
bay.
The
principal, or Marshall's island, is a
plantation attached to the county of
Hancock.
The
bears about S.
ton, 15 miles.
light
on Matinicus
by E. from Thomas-
Maxfield, Me.
Penobscot
co.
This town was
incorporated in 1824.
It is watered by Piscataquis river and Seboois
stream.
It lies HI miles N. N. W.
from Augusta, and 25 E. by N.
from Dover. Population, 1837,'215'.
ous bays and rivers of various sizes
set in from this bay, and its whole Wheat crop, same
year, 1,304 bushcoast is lined with commodious els.
harbors, and pleasant commercial
Mayfield, Me.
towns.
This bay is noted for its delightSomerset co. On the E. side of
ful scenery, and as containing the Kennebec river
and about 10 miles
first
settlements of the Pilgrim from it.
It is 58 miles N. from
Fathers of New England.
Augusta, and about 29 N. by E.
from Norridgewock. Incorporated,
Mata^vamlceag River, Me.
1836.
Population, 1837, 224.
This is one of the most important
Medfield, Mass.
tributaries to the Penobscot.
It
unites with that river at the Indian
Norfolk CO. This town is watertownship from the E., about 60 miles ed by
Charles and Stop rivers. It
N. by E. above Bangor.
is 17 miles S. S. W. from
Boston,
Matawamkcag Plantation, on and 8 S. by W. from
Dedham.
this river, lies 128 miles N.
E. from
During the year ending April I,
Augusta.
3Iatiiiicus Islands,
A
Mo.
cluster of islands at the en-
1837, there were manufactured at
Medtield, 124,000 straw bonnets,
the value of which was $135,000.
There are also manufactures of
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
boots, shoes, leather, cutlery, and
Medfield was taken from
brushes.
Dedham, in 1651.
During
king
Philip's
war, in
1765, the town was burnt, and many of the inhabitants murdered by
Philip rode on
the Narragansets.
an elegant horse, and directed the
massacre. Population, 1837, 899.
Mcdford; Mass.
This beautiful
Middlesex co.
town is situated at the head of navigation on Mystic river, 5 miles N.
W. from Boston, and 14 E.by S. from
Concord. The Boston and Lowell
rail-road, and Middlesex canal pass
through the town. The finest ships
that float on the ocean, are built
here during the five years preceding April 1, 1837, sixty vessels
were built, the tonnage of which
was 24,195 tons value $1,112,970.
There are also manufactures of
at Saratoga,
and served with honor to
He was ap
the close of the war.
pointed Marshal of the
District
of
Massachusetts by President Washington, and after filling several important
civil and military offices, he was in the
year 18J6, chosen Governor of the
Commonwealth ; and discharged the
duties of that station for seven sue
cessive years, to general acceptance
He was a kind and skilful physician, a
brave and prudent officer, a wise, firm,
and impartial magistrate, a true patriot, a good citizen, and a faithful friend.
In manners he was a gentleman, in
morals pure, and in profession and
a consistant Christian. He
departed this life in peace on the first of
practice
March, 1825, aged 73. This monument to his honored memory was
erected by several of his fellew citizens and friends in the year 1838.
:
:
leather, spirits, linseed oil, bricks,
boots, shoes, ploughs, hats and hat
The soil of the town is
bodies.
very fertile, and in a high state of
cultivation.
The business of the
town is much associated with the
city, and many delightful country
seats are scattered over and decorate the grounds improved as a farm
by Governor Winthrop in 1633.
Winter Hill, memorable as the
place of encampment of General
Burgoyne and his army, after their
capture at Saratoga, is in this town.
It is 125 feet above tide water, and
presents a view of great extent and
beauty.
Medford was incorporated
in 1630.
Population, 1830, 1,755;
1837, 2,072.
In the old burying ground, a beautiful
granite
monument
is
erected,
Med-*vay, Mass.
Norfolk CO. Medway was taken
from Medfield, in 1713.
Charle3
river affords this town an excellent
water power. There are 6 cotton,
and 2 woolen mills in the town, 2
cotton wadding factories, and a bell
foundry. The manufactures of cotton and woolen goods, boots, shoes,
scythes,
chairs,
cabinet
ware,
ploughs, cotton wadding, and straw
bonnet?, the year ending April 1,
1837, amounted to $330,630.
Population, 1837, 2,050.
Medway
lies
22 miles S. W. from Boston, and 12
S. W. from Dedham.
Me§^uuticook River and Fond.
This river
same name,
rises in a
pond of the
in Lincolnville,
Waldo
county. The pond is about 9 miles
in length, crooked and very handsome. It affords an excellent mill
stream, which falls into Penobscot
bay
at
Camden.
bearing the following inscription
Mempliremagog
Sacred to the memory of
JOHN BROOKS,
Wh6
was born in Medford, in the
month ot May, 1752, and educated at
Town
School. He took up arms
country on the 19th April,
1775. He commanded the regiment
which first entered the enemy's lines
the
for
his
Liake, Vt.
This lake is about 30 miles in
length, and two or three miles in
width. About seven miles of it lies
in the county of Orleans, the residue in Canada. It receives the waters of Barton, Black, Clyde and
other smaller streams in Vermont,
�GAZETTEER.
NEW ENGLAND
the year ending April 1, 1837,
$629,282. This very pleasant and
flourishing town lies 32 miles S. W.
from Boston, 18 S. E. from Worces-
into the St. Francis,
On an island in this
in Canada.
or
lake is a quarry of JYovaculite,
" Magog Oil Stone." This mathe
and discharges
terial is transported
tured.
and manufac-
See Burke, Vt.
and 22 N. from Providence.
Population,lS30, 3,153; 1837, 3,657.
ter
Mercer, Me.
Menaii Islands.
Grand Menan helongs
to
the
mouth of
and Passamaquoddy
British, and lies off the
St. Croix river,
and
It is 16 miles in length,
bay.
about 5. On
its average breadth is
of islthe south side are a number
harbors.
ands, and several small
The
Somerset co. Mercer has a fine
and is watered by a beautiful
W.
It lies 32 miles N. N.
pond.
Augusta, and 6 S. W. from
from
Norridgewock. Incorporated, 1804.
The village near the pond is beau
soil,
inhabitants are principally fish-
ei'men.
,,
Little Menan, or "Petit Menan,
lies off
in Washington county, Me.
and
the harbors of Goldsborough
Steuben. It has a light house, with
It lies
a tower 25 feet in height.
tifully located.
6,863 bushels.
year, 1,525.
Wheat
crop, 1837,
Population,
same
,
about 3 miles S. S. E. from Golds-
borough harbor.
Meiidon, Vt.
Rutland
CO.
This was formerly
miles
called Parkerstown,and lies 47
W. from Montpelier, and S E.
S. S.
good
from Rutland. There is some
land in the town, but it is generally
for
too high up the Green mountains
cultivation.
Population, 1S30, 432.
Mendoii, Mass.
Worcester
co.
The Indian name
town was Quanshipauge.
from
first settled by people
It was
Roxbury, about the year 1647. In-
of this
Mendon is a
1667.
of variegated surface, extownship
state ot
cellent soil, and in a good
The products of the
cultivation.
valuable.—
dairy are large and
its
Blackstone river and canal pass
border, and Mill river
corporated,
Meredith, N. H.,
Strafford co.,
is
bounded N. by
Centre Harbor and Winnepisiogee
and
lake, N. E. and E. by said lake
Great bay, S. and S.
river, S. E. by
W. by Sanbornton, W. and N. W. by
New Hampton and Centre Harbor.
town was incorporated, in
Sa1767, and was first called J\''eu)
lies 29 miles N. from ConIt
lem.
Gilford.
cord, and 8 N. W. from
There is in this town a pond adjoinmiles
ing Centre Harbor, about 2
This
and one wide, emptying into
bethe" lake, near the village;
loner
smaller
sides this there are several
town
ponds. There is probably no
pleasantly and
in the country more
advanta2;eouslv situated, or of a betThe water soil, "than Meredith.
Winnepisiogee washing
ters of the
of the
the boundaries of a great part
town, convey
many heavy mercan-
and from almost the
inhabitants
doors of several of the
summer ; and in the winter,
in the
and easy
the ice serves as a level
Near the upper or N. w.
road.
southwestern
traveler passThese part of the town, the
traverses its whole extent.
is presented
hydrau- ino- along the road,
On
streams afford an excellent
a very beautiful landscape.
There are 8 cotton and wi^th
lic power.
the placid Winneand the E. and S. E.
in
4 woolen mills in the town,
pisiogee, the largest lake
liJmanufactures of boots, shoes, iron
tile articles to
New
straw
castings, scythes, ploughs
machinery,
bonnets, palm-leaf hats,
wagons and harnesses ; total value,
21*
Hampshire, with
its
numerous
and bounds
ands, arrests the eye,
a b. i^. uithe circle of vision in
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
On
rection.
mountain
the
N.
E., Ossipee
view.
rises boldly to
the N., the prospect
is
On
intercepted
by Red Hill, a pleasant and noted
eminence in Moultonborough, only
At Meredith
a few miles distant.
Bridge is a handsome and flourishing village, and the seat of
business.
Here
much
are 2 cotton mills,
an extensive tannery, oil mill, &c.,
in another village are also some imThe water
portant manufactures.
power
of
Meredith
is
immense.
connected with the principal
village of Gilford by a bridge over
It is
the
Wirinepisiogee.
Hon. Ebejvezer Smith, moved
into this town at an early period of
its settlement, and was as a father to
new settlers for many years.
died Aug. 22, 1807, aged 73.
Population, in 1830, 2,683.
the
He
Meriden,
New Haven
Ct.
This hilly and
somewhat mountainous township
has, in general, a fertile soil, and is
watered by Quinnepiac river.
It
lies 17 miles S. E. from Hartford,
and 17 N. W. from New Haven.
It was formerly a part of Wallingford, and incorporated in 1806.
co.
Population, 1830, 1,708.
This is one of the most flourishing and enterprising manufacturing
towns in the state. There is a considerable variety of manufactures
here, forming the chief employment
of the inhabitants.
The following
is a list of the manufactories, viz
2 for patent augers and auger bits,
3 for ivory combs, 6 for tin ware, 4
for Britannia ware, 2 iron foundries,
:
manufactory for coffee mills, 1 for
clocks, 1 for Norfolk door latches, 3
for block tin spoons, 1 for wood
combs, 1 for skates and iron rakes,
and 1 for gridirons.
The value
1
of articles manufactured yearly, has
been estimated from 800,000 to
1,000,000 of dollars.
About thirty years since a road
was constructed from the northwestern part of Meriden to Berlin,
a narrow and romantic
between two ridges of the
Blue mountains this pass, which
is more than a mile in extent, is
called the Cat Hole.
In some parts
of this glen there is but barely room
through
glen,
;
path
for a
small angular fragments
;
of rocks rise on each side, at about
an angle of forty five degrees
these rocks have been beaten
down
and covered with earth, which must
have been brought here for the
A
purpose.
few yards south of this
place, elevated perpendicular rocks
appear on the left, one of which has
very much tlie appearance of a profile of the human face, and it is
thought by some to resemble in a
slight degree the profile of WashFollowing the foot of the
ington.
mountain on the right, for about a
mile, you will find large pieces of
rocks lying upon each other in great
disorder, which have evidently fallen from the precipitous heights
Underneath these rocks ice
above.
may be
found in almost every month
spring issues from
in the year.
A
between them,
Spring, and
parties in
is
called
the
Cold
a place of resort for
summer.
Merrixiiaclc River, N. II.,
One
New
of
the
principal
rivers
of
formed of two
branches. The N. branch called
Pemigewasset, rises near the Notch
of the White mountains, and passes
southwardly through the corner of
Franconia, Lincoln, Peeling, Thornton and Carapton, forming the boundary between Plymouth and Holderness, and also the boundary line between the counties of Strafford and
Grafton from the S. corner of Holderness to near its junction with the
Winnepisiogee. It receives several
considerable branches in its course;
Mad river in Campton, Baker's in
and streams flowing
Plymouth
from Squam and Newfound lakes,
with numerous small tributaries.
The E. branch is the Winnepisiogee, through which pass the waters
England,
;
is
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
The deof the lake of that name.
scent of this branch from the lake to
its junction with the Pemigewasset,
The confluent stream
is 232 feet.
bears the name of Merrimack, and
pursues a S. coui-se, 78 miles, to
Chelmsford, Mass.
;
thence an E.
course, 35 miles, to the sea at Nevvburyport. On the N. line of Concord, the Contoocook discharges its
waters into the Merrimack. The
Soucook becomes a tributary in
Pembroke, and the Suncook be-
tween Pembroke and Allenstown.
The Piscataquog
unites in Bedford
;
the Souhegan in Merrimack, and a
beautiful river called Nashua in
Nashua. The principal tributaries
are on the W. side of the river,
mostly rising in the highlands between the Connecticut and Merrimack. There are numerous falls
in this river, the most noted of
which are Garven's, in Concord,
the falls in Hooksett, and Amos-
keag in Goffstown and Manchester.
These falls are all rendered passable by locks, and boat navigation
has for several years been extended
as far as Concord.
There are several bridges over the Merrimack,
and its principal branches, besides
of ferries.
The Merrimack, whose fountains are nearly
on a level with the Connecticut,
being much shorter in its course,
has a far more rapid descent to the
sea than the latter river. Hence the
intervales on its borders are less extensive, and the scenery less beauIt
tiful, than on the Connecticut.
is, however, a majestic river ; its
waters are generally pure and healthy ; and on its borders are situated
some of the most flourishing towns
The name of this rivin the state.
er was originally written Merramacke and Monnoniake, which in
the Indian language signified a
sturgeon. Its width varies from 50
to 120 rods ; and at its mouth it presents a beautiful sheet of half a
mile in width.
a
number
Merrimack County, X. H.
Concord
county town.
is bounded N. E. by the county of Strafford, S. E. by the county of Rockingham, S. W. by the county of
Hillsborough, and N. W. by the
counties of Sullivan and Grafton.
the
is
The county of Merrimack
greatest length is 38 miles ;
at the broadest part is
26 miles.
It contains an area of
506,000 acres. The surface is uneven, and in some parts rugged
Its
breadth
its
and mountainous; but its general
fertility, is perhaps equal to either
of the other counties in the state.
In the towns of Hopkinton, Henniker, Boscawen, Salisbury, Canterbury, Concord, &c., are seen many
extensive and well cultivated farms.
The northerly part of the county is
rough and mountainous. Kearsarge
is the highest mountain, its summit
being 2,461 feet above the level of
the sea.
It is composed of a range
of hills, running north and south
about six miles its general aspect
rugged and craggy, excepting
;
is
when
its roughness is shaded by
woody covering that darkens its
sides.
The Ragged mountains, so
the
from their appearance, lie
Kearsarge, and be-
called,
northeast of
tween Andover
a-nd Hill.
These
are nearly 2,000 feet high at the
Bear's
north points of the range.
Hill, in Northfield, Sunapee mountain, in Newbury, Catamount, in
Pittsfield, and the peak in Hooksett, are the other most considerable
elevations.
part of lake Suna-
A
pee
lies
in
Newbury
;
and there
numerous ponds interspersed
throughout the whole territory.
are
The Merrimack
river
meanders
through nearly the centre of the
county, and forms the boundary
some distance
part.
It
at the northeastern
receives from the west the
Blackwater and Contoocook rivers,
and from the east, Soucook and Suncook, and other smaller streams.
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
This county was constituted by
an act of the legislature, 1 July,
1S23 being taken from the counties of Rockingham and Hillsboborough, ten towns being separated
from the former, and thirteen from
Population, 1820, 32,the latter.
—
843; 1830, 34,619. Twenty four
towns, 44 inhabitants to a square
In 1837, there were 66,152
mile.
sheep in this county
Merrimaclc, N.
11.,
house of traffic with the InFor some time one Cromwell carried on a lucrative trade
with the Indians, weighing their
furs with his foot, till, enraged at
his supposed or real deception,
they formed the resolution to murder him. This intention was communicated to Cromwell, who buried
his wealth and made his escape.
Within a few hours after his flight,
for a
dians.
a party of the Penacook tribe arrived, and not finding the object of
their resentment, they burnt his
habitation.
Hillsborough co., is bounded N.
by Bedford, E. by Litchfield, S. by
Nashua, and W. by Amherst.
Hon. Matthew Thorntojv,
It is 6 miles S. E, from Amherst, one of the signers of the Declaraand 27 S. from Concord.
Merri- tion of American Independence,
mack river waters its E. border resided many years in this town.
through its whole extent, opening
a communication by water from
Souhegan entown from Amherst, pursues a winding course to the Merrimack, where it discharges itself
He
died in 1803, at the age of 89.
Population, 1830, 1,191.
this place to Boston.
Merrymeetiiig Bays.
ters this
one mile above Thornton's ferry.
There are fine water privileges on
this stream.
Babboosuck brook,
issuing from Babboosuck pond in
Amherst, empties into Souhegan
river, and Penichook brook from a
pond in Hollis, forms the southern
boundary. The soil in various places is very fertile, but a considerable
portion of the land is plain.
There are some fine intervales on
the Merrimack.
Some of the best
and most extensive water privileges
the county affords, about 1 1-2 mile
from the Merrimack, on Souhegan
river, lie unimproved.
This town claims the first discovery in this region of making what
are called leghorn bonnets.
They
were first made several years since,
by the Misses Burnaps.
Some of
their bonnets were sold at auction
in Boston for $50.
This town was formerly called
Souhegan East.
It was incorpo1746, having been settled
about 13 years.
The first house in this town was
erected on the margin of the river
rated,
JHerry meeting Bay, in Maine,
is
junction of the Androscoggin
with the Kennebec, about 5 miles
above Bath. It is a large expanse
of water, and contains Swan and
other islands. The passage thiough
this bay, of 10 or 12 miles in length,
at the
is
delightful.
Merrymeeting Bay, in New
is an arm of Winne-
Hampshire,
pisiogee lake, extending about 1,800
rods into the town of Alton, and is
27 miles from the navigable waters
of Piscataqua river.
Metliiieii,
Mass.
Essex CO. In this town is a beautiful water fall of 30 feet, on Spick-
which furnishes an excelhydraulic power.
Methuen
lies on the N. bank of Merrimack
river, and is 25 miles N. by W. from
Boston, and 20 N. W. by N. from
Salem. It was taken from Haverhill
in 1725.
Population, 1830,
2,011; 1837, 2,463. There are 2
cotton, and
2 paper mills in the
town, and manufactures of leather,
shoes, hats, ploughs, segars, essences, chaises, harnesses, chairs, tin
and cabinet wares, and piano-forte
et river,
lent
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
frames value, for the year ending
An exApril 1, 1837, $462,525.
cellent bed of peat has recently
been discovered. It is 14 feet in
The
depth, and very extensive.
soil of Methuen is very good, the
village is pleasant, and the scenery
around it, romantic and beautiful.
:
J. \y., 1747.
Mexico, Me.
it
let
it
go.
in
:
Middlebiiry, Vt.
This town lies on the
north side of Androscoggin river,
and is watered by two of its tribuIt has a good soil and a good
taries.
It lies 47 miles W.
water power.
N. W. from Augusta, and 20 N.
Incorporated, 1818.
from Paris.
Oxford
Thompson marked it
Elijah Clapp found
1773; William Shaw found it
in 1775; Jonathan Soule found it in
17S4; Joseph Soule found it in 1790,
and Zenas Smith, in 1791 each
marked it with his initials. Whether the critter is dead or gone to the
west, we have no account.
and
CO.
Addison co. Chief town. This i.
a large and flourishing town on both
Population, 1837, 447. Wheat crop,
same year, 1,552 bushels.
sides of Otter creek, 31 miles S.
Middletoorougli, Mass.
W.
from Montpelier, and 33 S. S. E.
The fathers of
from Burlington.
town were
this
Col.
John Chipman
and the Hon. Gamaliel Painter, who
came here and settled in 1773. The
settlement advanced but slowly un-
it
til after the revolutionary war
Plymouth co. This is the Indian then began to increase and is now
JVamasket ; formerly thickly popu- one of the most important towns in
In 1791 it became the
lated by the people of that tribe, the state.
and in
and governed by the noted sachem shire town of the county,
On the rocks, in this 1800 Middlebury college was foundTispacan.
The surface of the town is
town, are the prints of naked hands ed.
Chipman's hill,
and feet, supposed to be the work generally level.
Here are numer- 439 feet above Otter creek, is the
of the Indians.
ous ponds, several kinds of
;
fish,
and
large quantities of iron ore is found
in the ponds. These ponds, of which
the Assawamset and Long pond are
the
ter
empty
largest,
river,
into
Taunton
and produce an extensive wa-
power
This town
lies
34 miles
S.
by E.
W.
from Plyfi-om Boston, 14 S. S.
mouth, and 10 S. E. from Taunton
Population,
Incorporated, 1660.
This is probably the
1837, 5,005.
it is 15
largest town in the state
miles in length, and about 9 average breadth it has several pleasant
:
:
There are 2 cotton mills,
villages.
2 forges, an air and cupola furnace,
a nail factory, and manufactures of
spades, forks,
shovels,
leather,
nails, chairs, cab-
ploughs, wrought
inet ware, tacks, straw bonnets, and
various other articles total value,
in one year, $200,000.
In 1763, Shubael Thompson found
a land turtle, marked on the shell
:
The soil is ferhighest elevation.
tile and productive, and furnishes
large quantities of wool, beef, pork,
The town is
butter and cheese.
admirably watered by Otter creek
and Middlebury river. At the falls
on Otter creek, the site of the flourishing village, are extensive manufacturing establishments ; and large
quantities of white and variegated marble, with which the town
abounds, are sawed and polished
to
for various uses and transported
Middlebury is a very
beautiful town, and the mart of a
Population, ia
large inland trade.
See Register.
1830, 3,468.
market.
Middlebury River
rises in
Han-
cock, and passing through Riptoa
falls into Otter creek at Middlebury.
This mountain stream
is
about 14
miles in length, affords a fine water power, and is very romantic
It passes some distance
course.
m
its
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
along the road from Windsor
to
Vergennes, and presents some delightful scenery.
This place
New Haven
town
is
co.
hilly
The
worthy of
Middlesex County, M«sg.
Midtlletoury, Ct.
this
is
i'vtir'^"*
surface of
and rocky; the
soil a
/Concord, Cambridge, and
are the shire towns.
The surace of this county
is uneven and
the
Low
ell,
coarse, gravelly loam,
tit for
soil various.
grazing and the growth of
It presents a great
rye
It
lies 36 miles W. S.
W. froni Hart- variety for the admiration of the
ford, and 22 N. W. from
New Ha- patriot, scholar, farmer, mechanic,
and the painter. It
ven.
Incorporated, 1S07.
is bounded
Popu-
N
by New Hampshire
N. E. bv the
county of Essex ;S.E.
watered by Quasepaug pond,
by ChUes
which
nver Boston harbor,
empties into the Hou^satonick,
and Norfolk
and
county; and W. by
lurnishes a water power for
the county of
a satinet lactory, and other
Worcester. Area, 800
machinery.
square miles:
?°Po"rf'^"^o"^ 1820,61,476; 1830,
Middlefield, Mass.
77,968; 1837,98,565.
Population
Hampshire co. This is an eleva- to a square mile, 123. The
principal nvers in this
ted agricultural township,
county, are the
watered
by a branch of Westfield
Merrinmck, Charles, Mystic,
river
It
Sud11<^ miles W. from
Boston, 24
""^^ Nashua.
The
V,f trom
ir'T',,^''"''"'"'^'
VV.
Northampton, and 17 S E Middlesex Canal passes through
ifs northeastern
ft-om Pittsfield.
Incorporated, 1783."
section.
In 1837
Population, 1S37, 710.
There are herewere5 166 sheep in the counly.
2 woolen mills in the town, and
1 he value of manufactures for
2
tanneries.
Annual value of goods tne year ending April 1 1837
manufactured, about |75,000
amounted to $15,008,028.
Fishery'
^'
Among the productions of the
same year, $33,000.
lation,
1830,
816.
The town
is
;
soil
,
there were, in 1837,
9,724 fleeces
ot saxony wool,
which weighed
^b,741 pounds, value,
$17,382.
Middlesex Covmty,
Ct.
Shire
toxvns—Middletown and
This county is bounded
^^
county, E. by Hartf
^''il^'''^
and ford and New
London counties, S.
other streams give this
town a good by Long Island
Sound, and W. bv
water power.
It has numerous
New Haven county.
Middlesex, Vt.
Washington co. Onion river
manufacturing concerns, and
a very
pleasant village.
The soil along
the streams is good,
and that of the
uplands, generally, is
adapted for
It lies 30 miles E.
S E
Irom Burlington, and is
bounded bv
Montpeher on the S. E. First
set^^^^'
^°P"^^«°"' iS30,
pzing.
l,'l56.'"
There
is
a curious
chasm
Middlesex, on Onion river,
near More7"- ^^\ ^-iver has worn a pasin
sage through rocks 30
feet in depth,
60 feet in width, and about
80 rods
in length.
The walls on each side
are very smooth,over
which a bridge
^addam.
1
surface
The
The general
of the county
is
uneven.
soil IS
generally good, particularly adjacent to
Connecticut river
Ihere are many small
streams
which afford mill privileges,
fertilizing the soil and
giving beauty to
the county.
The waters of the
Connecticut
afford
it
an important
husiness in navigation,
especially
in the coasting trade.
The tonnagj
of the district of
Middletown, tn
1837, was 13,133 tons.
There are
numerous manufacturing
establishin the county ; large
quantitiesof fi-eestone are
quarried and car-
ments
ned
to
market, and the shad fishery
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
gives employment to
people.
many
of
its
very pleasantly situated on ground
rising gradually from the river.
Middlesex county contains an
Populaarea of 342 square miles.
22,405; 1830, 24,345,
containing a population of 73 inConhabitants to a square mile.
siderable amounts of the productions
and in
of the soil are exported,
1837, there were in the county
tion, 1S20,
12,401 sheep.
Middle ton, N. H.
principal street, called Main
street, runs parallel with the river.
This and other streets, are inter-
The
sected by cross streets, leading to
the river.
The wharves are commodious for
shipping, there being ten feet of
water for all vessels that can cross
the bar at the mouth of the river.
Two high wharves are appropriated for two hues of steam-boats, of a
afford a daily comThis is a very lev- large class, which
cities of New
no high ground munication with the
el township, having
York and Hartford.
except a part of Moose mountain,
The streets and side-walks are
which separates it from Brooktield.
trees, and
ponds, and pleasantly shaded with
There are no rivers nor
side-walks are remarkably well
the
It lies 25 miles
the soil is rocky.
paved.
N. W. from Dover. Middleton was
is
Strafford co.
incorporated in 1778.
Population,
The population of the city,
of the town, above
about 3,500
;
1830,' 532.
7,000.
Middleton, Mass.
The public edifices are a courtstyle of archpleasant town on house in the Grecian
Essex CO. A
miles
both sides of Ipswich river, 19
Boston, and 7 N. W. from
N. from
Salem. This place contains a large
and expensive paper mill. This is
conthe principal manufacturing
Incorporated,
cern in the town.
1723.
Population, 1837, 671.
itecture, built
in
house handsomely
1832
;
a custom-
built of
Chatham
2 banks, and a savings
bank, &c. The places of public
worship in the city, and the princibrick,
pal houses and stores are of
which are built with great
many of
freestone
;
taste.
Middletown, Vt.
This town lies between two mountains, is watered
by Poultney river, and has a good
Rutland
co.
It keeps, among
grazing.
It
other cattle, about 4,000 sheep.
miles S. W. from Rutland.
lies 14
vilIt has a neat and flourishing
soil for
The Wesleyan University,
under the patronage of the Methofounded
dist Episcopal church, was
in 1831, and is very rapidly acquirIt has now
ing a high standing.
Its officers are a
160 students.
president and 5 professors.
The college buildings command
faclage, a woolen factory, marble
an extensive view of the surroundmanufactures.
tory, and other
ing country, as well as of the valPopulation, 1830, 919.
ley of the Connecticut, so justly
Middletown, Ct.
famed for its beauty.
The college library, with those
Chief town of Middlesex co.—
comprises
City, and port of belonging to the societies,
MiDDLETOWxV
It has maof Con- about^lO^OOO volumes.
entry, lies on the W. bank
ny rare and choice works, an entire
necticut river, 30 miles from its
and most of
Hartford, 24 N. set of the Latin Classics
mouth, 15 S. from
W. the Greek, a set of the Philosophical
E. from New Haven, 35 N.
34'
Transactions a"d all of the most
from New London. Lat. 41°
works of
city is important lati^r scientitic
The
long. T2P 39' W.
N.,
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
France. There is also a collection
of bibles and testaments in 81 lan-
guages and dialects, oriental, &c.,
into which the bible has been translated.
About 70 of these
the
Tarento
old
at
philosophical and astronomical apparatus, has been lately increased at great expense.
There
is a telescope, with a six inch object
glass, a splendid altitude and Azi-
muth instrument,
formed
Archbishop of
Naples, and are of the
masters— Titian, Rubens, Tin-
toretto, Salvator
The
pictures
gallery of the
Rosa, Carlo Dolce,
Lueca, Giordano, Jordens, Spagnoletto, &c.
There is also in another
collection some very line paintings
of the old masters, and an exquisite piece of statuary by the
Chevalier P. Marchesi of Milan, repre-
so constructed as
used for meridian transits. senting Christ
when 12 years of
Russell's magnificent Orrery, an age
This is the only work of the
unrivalled instrument, and the only distinguished
sculptor, that has yet
one of the kind. There is a noble arrived in this
country.
Plate Electrical machine, with two
The township from N. to S. is
plates 36 inches in diameter, &c.
about 9 miles long, its breadth vaThe chemical department has a rying from 4 to 10
miles at its greatgood laboratory and apparatus.
est area, or about 43,520 acres.
The cabinet of minerals is becom- The Indian name
of the town was
ing extensive. In geology, besides
Mattabesett. The town is divided
specimens, there are several valu- into 4 societies
or parishes.
to be
!
able charts to illustrate the different
and many districts of Eng^
land.
In botany, there are several of the
best standard works, and for the
preservation of the science, the
richness in species of the native
plants about Middletown, is not
surpassed by any location in
There is in the city a preparatory school connected with the university, as well as several flourish-
states,
ing private schools.
The public records of this town
commenced in 1654.
incorporated in 1784.
England.
The place is also remarkable for the variety and abundance
of its rare minerals.
manufacturing capital, render Middletown equally attractive to the
traveler, the man of science, or of
business.
There are besides in this
city, several fine cabinets of shells,
insects, minerals, &c., and an Her-
barium of considerable extent, of
North American as well as of European plants, also several choice
private libraries.
The library of the Rev. Dr. Jarvis, contains 13,000 volumes of
exceeding choice books, collected by
him, during
eral years in
a
residence of
sev-
Europe, and his gallery of about 120 paintings, is regarded as being very valuable.—
city
was
The burial grounds contain many
curious, as well as antique monuments of its earliest settlers.
The burial ground at the N. part
of the city, and by the river, was
laid out in 1650.
New
The rising reputation of its university, the great salubrity of its
atmosphere, and the activity of its
The
Middletown meadows, north of the
I
I
city, contain
about 640 acres. The
height of the base of the village is
160 feet above the river, and is
from it, five eighths of a mile. Main
street is from 40 to 50 feet above the
river.
The Connecticut
river
is
here
generally closed with ice about the
middle of December, and opens
about the end of the third week in
March.
The manufactures
in this
city,
are 3 establishments on a large
scale for the manufacture of arms,
for the
United States service ;
broadcloths and cotton goods, brit-
annia and tin wares, stoves, combs,
machinery, steam engines.
tubs,
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER
cotton machinery, paper, powder,
jewelry, brass ware, steel pens,
buttons, looking-glasses, carnages,
carpenter's tools and locks, besides
many manufactures of minor importance.
Middletown rests on
Geology.
secondary red sandstone witliin 2
miles of tlie city, south, there is a
granite ridge, here known by the
name of the White rocks. It runs
N. N. E., and forms the straits of
the Connecticut river. This granite
ridge is from 400 to 600 feet above
the tide water. Here occurs an inexhaustible quantity of the finest
.feldspar, the material used for the
This was first
glaze of porcelain.
brought into notice in 1833, at the
recommendation of Dr. Barrett.
large quanrityof it has been sent to
Europe, as well as being used in
this country, and it has been proved
to be of the best quality.
The feldspar is often so pure at
the quarry opened on the Haddam
road, that masses of several hundrcil weight occur without any admixture of quartz and mica.
:
A
MicldletoAVii, R.
I.
Newport co. This is the middle
township on the island of Rhode
Island.
It lies 2 miles N. E. from
Newport, and 28 S. by E. from
The surface of the
Providence.
town is undulating, and affords many interesting and beautiful landscapes.
The
soil
is
a rich
loam,
very productive and under a high
state
of cultivation
;
the lands are
highly valued and command a great
The inbabitantsof the town
they are
principally farmers
distinguished for their habits of industry and cconomj', and for the
unifbrmitj', plainness, and simpliciThe
ty of their manner of living.
products of the town consist of
corn, barley, hay, and great varieties of fruits and vegetables for
price.
are
;
Newport market.
1743.
Incorporated,
Population, 1830, 915.
22
Milan,
H.,
K^.
Coos CO., is 139 miles N. by E.
from Concord, and about 22 N. E.
from Lancaster.
This tract was
granted in 1771, and was called
Paulsburgh,
per
until 1824.
The UpAmonoosuck and Androscoggin
rivers pass through this town.
are several ponds, and some
There
considerable mountains.
Popula-
tion, 1830, 57.
Milford, Me.
See "
Penobscot county.
Down
East."
Milfortl,
Hillsborough
co., is
by Amherst, and
W.
ST.
is
from Concord.
H.,
bounded E.
31 miles S. by
Millbrd lies on
both sides of Souhegan river, which
runs through the town from W. to
E., forming a rich meadow or intervale, from 1-4 to 1-2 a mile wide.
The banks of this river are annually overflowed, by which means,
the soil, which is black and deep, is
much enriched. This town has excellent water privileges, and there
is a valuable factory in the village
Population, 1S30, 1,303.
Milfard, Mass.
This town, the
Worcester co.
Indian TVopowage, is well watered
by Charles and Mill rivers. It lies
28 miles S.W. byW. from Boston, and
18 S. E. from Worcester. Incorporated, 1780. Population, 1837, 1,637.
The soil is generally fertile, and
the surface pleasantly diversified.
The manufactures of the town, for
the year ending April 1, 1837,
amounted to ^257,671. They consisted of cotton goods, leather, boots,
shoes, chairs, tin and cabinet wares,
straw bonnets, varnish, clothing,
shoe pegs, wagon irons, and whips.
Milford, Ct.
New Haven
co.
This
is
one of
towns which composed the
" Old Jurisdiction of New Haven."
the
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
The settlement commenced in 1639.
The first purchase of land was made
Indians, for the considera" 6 coats, 10 blankets, 1
kettle, besides a number of hoes,
knives, hatchets, and glasses." The
Indians made a reservation of 20
of the
tion of
acres in the town, which was sold
in 1661, for 6 coats, 2
blankets, and a pair of breeches.
by them,
Milford
is
falls into
vessels.
Poconock or Milford point is a
noted place, where are a number of
huts on the beach, occupied by
persons engaged in the oyster and
clam business.
Milford village is very pleasant,
and the scenery variegated and inPopulation, 1837, about
teresting.
2,800.
Millbiiry, Mass.
Worcester
co.
Millbury
was
Lyn-
Mille7-'s River, in Massachusetts,
Ashburnham,
in ponds in
rises
and Winchendon ; it has many triband passes through Athol,
Orange, and Wendell, and falls into
This
the Connecticut at Erving,
is a noble mill stream.
utaries,
Miiliiioliet Liaise,
bounded W. by Housa-
tonick river, and S. E. by Long
The Indian name
Island Sound.
of the place was Wepawaiig. The
town is generally level, and the
There is a quarry
soil productive.
of beautiful serpentine marble in
the town, and a harbor for small
the Passumpsick at
don.
Me.
This is a large body of water in
the county of Penobscot, the reIt is an
cipient of many rivers.
important source of the west branch
Its outlet is a
of Penobscot river.
river of the same name, and unites
with the waters of Pemadumcook
lake, near the Great falls at the outlet of the Pemadumcook.
Mill River, Mass.
See Springfield.
MillsiieM,
ET. II.,
Coos CO., is 7 miles W. from Umbagog lake, and about 35 N.from the
Clear stream
White mountains.
waters its N. extremity, and Philwith several small
river
lip's
taken from Sutton, in 1813. It lies
42 miles W. S. W. from Boston,
and 6 S.E. from Worcester. Branches of the Blackstone river rise in
the town, and the Blackstone canal
It is a very
passes through it.
pleasant manufacturing place, with
There
a valuable water power.
are 1 paper, 6 woolen, and 1 cotton
mills ; and manufactures of boots,
Here are
streams the other parts.
several ponds, the largest is about
300 rods long, 140 wide^. Millsfield
was granted in 1774, and was named after Sir Thomas Mills, a granIt had but 33 inhabitants in
tee.
shoes, leather, hats, scythes, spades,
forks, hoes, ploughs, muskets, trying
squares, levels, trowels, machinery,
black lead, tin ware, sashes and
blinds total value, the year ending
tiful
:
April
1,
1837,
$566,150.
Popula-
tion, 1837, 2,153.
Miller's Kivers.
MUler''s i?fuer, in Vermont, rises
in Sheffield, Caledonia county, and
passing through a part of Wheelock
1830.
Milo, Me.
This is a beautownship on the fertile banks
of Sebec and Pleasant rivers, at
their union with the Piscataquis.
It lies 103 miles N. E. from AugusPopta, and 15 N. E. from Dover.
1837, 640.—
ulation, 1830, 381
Piscataquis co.
;
Wheat
crop, 1837, 4,514 bushels.
Incorporated, 1823.
Milton, Me.
Piscataquis co. Population, 1837,
Wheat crop, same year, 1,323
352.
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
bushels.
See "
94 miles from Augusta.
East."
Down
MUton, K.
lation, 1837, 1,772.
II.
the land
The Salmon Fall
Strafford co.
river washes its whole E. boundary, a distance of 13 miles ; and a
branch of the same river crosses
from the S. part of Wakefield, and
unites near the centre of the E.
Teneriffe, a bold and
boundary.
rocky mountain, extends along the
E. part of Milton, near which lies
Milton pond, of considerable size,
connecting with the Salmon Fall
This town was formerly a
river.
part of Rochester, from which it
was detached in 1802. It lies 40
miles N. E. from Concord, and 20
N. W. by N. from Dover.
Popu-
lation, 1830, 1,273.
Miltoii, Vt.
Chittenden co. Milton is bounded cu the W. bj^ lake Champlain,
an
is finely watered by the river
Lamoille.
It lies 12 miles N. from
Burlington, and 40 N. W. from
Population, 1830, 2,Montpelier.
100.
The soil of the town is generally good, and about 9,000 sheep
graze in its pastures. There are
some places in Milton worthy of the
i
traveller's notice.
A little
This town was taken
from Dorchester, in 1662. Popu-
ble mill sites.
distance
from the neat and flourishing village are the Great falls, on the Lamoille.
In the course of 50 rods
the whole river falls 150 feet.
About the middle of the rapid is a
small island, by which the water
passes on each side, with great violence and loud roaring. The scenery on the banks of the river is
There are
wild and beautiful.
some mills on the river, and considerable trade on the lake.
—
Milton, Mass.
Norfolk CO. This interesting and
pleasant town, the Unc.ataquissit
of the Indians, lies 7 miles S. from
Boston, and 6 E. from Dedham.
Neponset river washes its northern
border and affords numerous valua-
is
A large part of
a gravelly loam, strong
and very productive.
The manu-
factures consist of paper, granite,
leather, hats, chairs, cabinet ware,
playing cards, &c.
total annual
:
amount, about ^100,000. The manufacture of paper from beach grass
has recently been commenced, and
promises to be a good substitute for
rags, for the more common kinds.
The village called the " Mills,"
comprising a part of Dorchester, at
the head of navigation, on the Neponset, is a wild, romantic place,
and ever since the first settlement
of the country, has been the seat of
considerable trade and manufacture.
The village at the rail-road, near
the granite quarry, in Quincy,
about a mile S. E. of the " Mills,"
is very pleasant and flourishing.
By a new and beautiful bridge,
called the " Granite bridge," across
the Neponset, the distance to the
city is reduced to 6 miles.
Milton contains some elegant
country seats, and much delightful
scenery. The views from " Milton
Hill," near the head of the Neponset ; and " Blue Hill," a celebrated land mark for sailors, 710
feet above the sea, in the south part
of the town, 12 miles from Boston,
are among the most admired in our
country.
Minot, Me.
Cumberland
CO.
Minot is
a large
and excellent township of land with
The
three very pleasant villages.
Androscog2:in passes its eastern border and Little Androscoggin separates it from Poland, on the S. This
is one of the most flourishing towns
Although agriculture
the chief business of the people of
in the state.
is
Minot, yet
its
water power is
so val-
uable, that manufactures of various
kinds are springing up v.'ith promisMinot is connected
ing success.
with Lewiston, across the Andros-
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
It lies 33
coggin, by a bridge.
miles S. W. from Augusta, and 35
N. from Portland. Population, in
Incor1837, 3,326.
1830, 2,908
Wheat crop, 1837,
porated, 1802.
7,266 bushels.
;
Missisque liiver,
"Vt.
This crooked river is about 75
miles in length. It rises in Orleans
county, and passes N. into Canada,
about 5 miles
it then returns to
the state at the N. E. corner of
Franklin county, and after meandering through the north part of
that county, it falls into Missisque
;
bay
at
Highgate.
There are sevwhich afford
eral falls on this river,
numerous
mill sites ; but it is generally sluggish in its course, and
being wide, is rather shallow. Its
waters fertilize a large portion of
country, and it is navigable for small
vessels, six miles from its mouth.
Molecliiiukamxniik Lake, Me.
is one of a number of large
extending northwest from
Umbagog lake, and which empty
through the Umbagog into the An-
This
lakes
droscoggin.
These lakes lie in the
counties of Oxford and Franklin
their borders are but little settled,
but those who have visited them
report that the soil is exceedingly
fertile, and that the beauties of
these little inland seas, equal that
of the celebrated Winnepisiogee.
The Molechunkamunk lies about 80
miles N. by W. from Portland.
Molumlcxis K-iver,
A
large tributary to the Matathe north. It unites
with that river about 8 miles above
The
and
direction of the ridge
S.
5 miles long from
mouth.
Moiiadnoclc Mountain, W. H.,
Usually called the Grand Monadnock, is situated in the towns of
and Dublin, in Cheshire
county, about 22 miles E. from Connecticut river, and 10 N. of the
southern boundary of this state.
Jaffrey
N.
is
N. E.
is
to S.,
about
and 3
miles from E. to W.
Its summit is
3,718 feet above the level of the sea.
Thirty years since, Monadnock was
nearly covered with
evergreen
wood of considerable growth. By
the repeated ravages of lire, it now
presents to the distant beholder,
nothing but a barren and bald rock.
But on ascending, we find plats of
eaith sufficient to give growth to
the hlueben-y, cranberry, mountain
ash, and a vaiiety of shrubs. Some
caves are discovered, which excite
curiosity.
They appear to have
been formed by large hssures, and
by extensive strata being thrown
from their pi'imitive state, and forming different angles with each other
and with perpendicular precipices.
The mountain
is
composed of
talc,
mica, slate, distinctly stratified.—
Garnet, schorl, feldspar and quartz
occur in various parts. On the E.
side, plumbago is found in large
quantities.
Crucibles and pencils
have been manufactured fiom it,
but for the latter, it proves not veiy
good.
The summit, when seen at
a distance of 4 or 5 miles, appears
rounded and destitute of those high
cliffs and mural precipices belonging to granitic mountains.
The
prospect from the pinnacle is very
extensive ; thirty ponds of fresh
water, some of which are so large
as to contain islands of 8 or 10
acres, may be seen from it, in the
immediate vicinity. Near the base
of the mountain, in Jaffrey, is the
" Monadnock Mineral Spring."
wamkeag from
its
The mountain
W.
Monkton, Vt.
This town lies 27
co.
from Montpelier, 16 N.
from Middlebury, and IS S. by E.
from Burlington.
This is a good
farming town, and the products of
v/ool, cattle, and of the dairy are
considerable.
Iron ore is found in
abundance, and a bed of porcelain
earth.
By mixing this earth with
Addison
miles
W.
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
clay, in different proporare
tions, various kinds of pottery
common
There are excellent orchards of va-
rious kinds of fruit in the town, a
pleasant village on elevated ground,
produced. This earth is very pure,
It lies 15
be manufactur- and a classical school.
and it is said might
miles W, by N. from New Haven,
The
ed into the best china ware.
The black and 12 E. by S. from Danbury.
bed is inexhaustible.
Population, 1330, 1,522.
oxide of manganese is al«o found
rich variety of mineral subThere is also a curious cavhere.
been discovered here.
after descending stances have
ern in the town
Among them, are tungsten, telluriabout 16 feet, you arrive at a room
um, native bismouth, native silver,
30 feet long, and 16 wide. From
second magnetical and common iron pythis is a passage leading to a
copper pyrites, galena, blenapartment, which is not quite so rite',
Monk- de, tourmaline, &.c.
pleasant.
large, but more
Monson, Me.
ton" is a pleasant town, 3 miles E.
from Ferrisburgh, and is frequentThis town is
Piscataquis co.
Populaly visited by the curious.
watered by Piscataquis river and
tion, 1330, i,SS4.
Monson comprisWilson's stream.
es a fine tract of land, and is settled
A
:
Kennebec
co.
This
is
a
fine
township, and beautifully watered
by some of the sources of the CobIt lies 15 miles S.
bessecontec.
W. from Augusta. The village is
very pleasant, and is the -^eat of a
\Yheat crop,
flourishing academy.
Population,
1837, 5,256 bushels.
Incorporated,
same year, 1,347.
Ina worthv class of people.
Population, in
corporated, '1822.
1S37, 565. Wheat crop, same year,
It lies 83 miles N.
2,267 bushels.
by
by E. from Augusta, and 20 N. W.
stage runs between
from Dover.
times
this town and Bangor, three
Distance from Monson to
Aveek.
a
Bangor, 60 miles; to Moosehead
A
lake, 15.
1792.
Monson, Mass.
Monroe, Me.
Hampden co. Monson was takWaldo CO. This town is watered
en from Brimfield in 1760. It lies
by Marsh river, a branch of the^Pe73 miles S. W. by W. from Boston,
from.
nobscot. It lies 59 miles N. E.
and 13 E. from Springfield. PopuAugusta, and 14 N. from Belfast.
is a pleasWheat lation. 1837, 2,179. This
1,365.
Poplilation, 1337,
surface,
ant town of variegated
year, 5,8;->7.
crop,
same
Blonroe, Mass.
Franklin co. This is an elevated
township, bounded E. by Deerfield
W.
It lies 105 miles W. N.
river.
Boston, and 23 W. by N. from
from
Incorporated,
Greenfield.
Population, 1837, 232.
Monroe,
1822.—
Ct.
This town was
co.
from Huntington in 1823.
The soil is good, and well adapted
grazing.'^but the surface is rough
Fairfield
taken
for
prinand^stonv. Agriculture is the
cipal business of the inhabitants.
22^*
good soil and well watered by Chickopee river. It contain? a flourishcotton
ing academy. There are 3
Monson, and other manumills in
goods
factures. The value of cotton
manufactured in the year ending
April
1,
18S7,
was
.$67,500.
Monta<;ue, Mass.
Franklin
co.
This town
is
on
river,
the E. bank of Connecticut
to Deerfield, and united to
opposite
Turner's
that town bv a bridge.
the
Falls, at the' northerly part of
town, are
any in the
more
state,
than
and probably as
interesting
�much
so as
any
in
The
NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
New England. by N. from Boston,
Mass.
200 N.
by W. from Providence, R. I.
205 N. from Hartford, Ct.
148 n!
E. from Albany N. Y.
and 524
canal for passing these falls, 3
miles in length and 75 feet lockage,
with an immense dam across the
river, greatly facilitates the naviga-
;
•
;
;
miles from Washington.
First seton Connecticut river.
This tled, in 1786.
Population, 1830,
place has a great water power, and
2,985.
Montpelier became the seat
promises peculiar advantages to the of
government in 1805, and the
manufacturing interest. The scene- shire town
of the county, in 1811.
ry around this place is romantic and It is
finely watered by Onion river
beautiful, and to the lovers of antiand by several branches of that
quarian lore, full of interesting as- stream.
These streams afford a
sociations.
good water power, on which are
It lies 80 miles W. by N. from
manufacturing establishments of vaBoston, and 7S. E. from Greenfield.
rious kinds.
The surface of the
Incorporated, 1753.
Population, in town is very uneven and
hilly, but
1837, 1,260.
not mountainous.
The soil is very
good along the streams, and the
Moiatgoniery, Vt,
highlands produce excellent pasFranklin co. This town lies in a turage.
The agricultural products
mountainous country, but it has a are various
and valuable.
In 1837
valuable tract of land on Trout rivthere were between 8,000 and 9,000
er, a good mill stream, a branch
of sheep in the town.
the Missisque.
It lies 42 miles N.
This township was granted Octofrom Montpelier, and 27 E. N. E.
ber 21, 1780, and chartered to Timfrom St. Albans.
First settled, in othy Bigelow and
others, August
1793.
Population, 1830, 460.
14, 17S1, containing 23,040 acres.
The Rev. Joel Clapp was the first It was
rechartered February 6,
child born in this town, September
1304.
In the spring of 1786, Joel
14, 1793.
He preached the first Frizzle erected a log
house on the
fast-day sermon, the first thanksbank of Onion river, in the southgiving sermon, and the first mcfthwest corner of this township, and
er's funeral sermon, which
were moved his family into it from Canapreached in the town.
da.
This was the first family in
fo^wn.
Early in the month of May,
Moiatgoiiiery, Mass.
17&-7, Col.
Hampden co. This is a moun- Davis, from Jacob and Gen. Pailey
Worcester county,Mass.
tainous township on the N. side
of began improvements near
the place
Westfield river, and has a good
wa- where the village now stands, and
ter power.
It lies 100 miles W. by
erected a log house, into which
S. from Boston, and 12 N. Yv.
from Col. Davis removed his family
the
Springfield.
Incorporated, 1780
winter followino-.
Population, 1837, 497.
This is a
The village of Montpelier is surgood town for grazing, and it
pro- rounded by hills of considerable
elduces considerable wool and some
evation; and although it is too lowbeef cattle.
to command an extensive
prospect,
is very pleasant, and quite
Moiitpelier, "Vt.
romantic in its appearance.
It is located
The capital of the state and shire
very near the centre of the state
town of the county of Washino-ton
It is a great thoroughfare
from all
It lies in N. lat. 44° 17',
and' w" directions, and
com^nands a large
Ion. 72° 36'.
It is 182 miles w".
and valuable interior trade.
The
from Augusta, Me.
97 N. N. W. buildings
are in good style
some
from Concord, N, H. ; 160 N.'
W.'
of which are
tion
I
:
;
;
very handsome.
���NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
We
take pleasure in presentinf^ to the
graving of the Vermont State House,
Young,
New
Esq., a native of
public a well executed en-
Montpelier
at
;
designed by A. B.
England, and executed under his imrae-'
diate superintendence.
The engraving
and
fronts,
is
which
represents a southeast front view of the building,
stands on an elevated site, about 325 feet from State street, on
to it are
large and spacious, and,
are laid out, give great importance to the building.
design, a chaste architectural character
is
preserved, which, combined
with the convenient arrangement of the interior and the
stability of its
New
construction, renders this edifice equal in every respect to any in
England, and probably
any in the United
to
it
The yard and
in the manner they
Through the whole
and execution.
alike beautiful in design
grounds pertaining
which
The
States.
building
is
in
the form of a cross, showing in front a centre, 72 feet wide, and two
wings, each 39
six
making the whole length 150 feet.
100 feet deep the wings are 50
feet,
cluding the portico,
is
;
The
feet diameter at their base,
columns of the portico are 6
centre, in-
The
feet deep.
and 36 feet
The dome
high, supporting an entablature of classic proportions.
rises
36 feet above the ridge, making the whole height from the ground 100
The
feet.
to
conform
order of architecture used
to the
the Grecian Doric, and
is
made
The
is
peculiar arrangement necessary in this building.
walls, columns, cornices, &c., are of dark Barre granite,
superior manner: the
dome and
roofs are
wrought
in a
covered with copper.
In the interior, the lower story contains an Entrance Hall, rooms for
the Secretary of State, Treasurer, Auditor, and numerous Committee
The
rooms.
second or principal story, contains a Vestibule, and
stair-
67 feet, with a Lobby, and Galleries
ways, a Representatives Hall, 57 by
a Senate Chamber, 30 by 44 feet, with Lobby and Gallery j
;
a Governor's room, 24 by 20 feet, with an ante-room, and a room for his
for spectators
Secretary adjoining
officers of the
mittee rooms.
a Library room, 18
;
by 36
feet
;
rooms
for the several
Senate and House of Representatives, and several com-
The
cost of this building, including all
expenses, was
about $132,100; of which the inhabitants of Montpeher paid $15,000.
At
the
first
session of the Legislature of
in October, 1838, the following resolution
Vermont, within this building,
was unanimously adopted
:
" Resolved, by the General Assembly of the
the thanks of this Legislature be presented to
as a testimonial of their approbation of the
State of
Ammi
taste,
B.
Vermont, that
Young,
ability,
perseverance which he has manifested in the design and execution
new
capitol of this state
talents
and
taste of
;
which
Mr. Youjvg
will abide as a lasting
as
an Architect."
Esq.,
fidelity
monument
of
and
the
of the
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER,
Moiitville,
Waldo
Me.
206.
This is a beautiful
and flourishing town, watered by
some of the head branches of Sheepscot river, 26 miles E. N. E. from
Augusta, and 15 W. from Belfast.
CO.
Incorporated, 1807.
1830,1,243;
Population, in
1837,1,987.
Wheat
crop, 1837, 8,088 bushels.
Montville, Ct.
New
London
taken from
co.
New
Montville was
London
Mohegan was then
included
in the limits
same
of that town.
At the
time there were in Stonington
237; in Groton 186; in Lyme 104^
in Norwich 61, and in
Preston 30in all, S24.
Most of these may be
considered as descended from those
who once owed some kind of allegiance to Uncas.
Dr. Holmes, who
visited Mohegan in 1803, says
that
" there were not more than 80
persons of this tribe remaining,
and
that John Cooper, the lichest
man
in the tribe, possessing a yoke
of
oxen and two cows, was then their
religious teacher."
Four years after, they were reduced in
number
to sixty nine, these being
for the
in 1786.
surface is hilly and stony; the
soil a dry, gravelly loam, strong and
fertile.
It lies on the W. side of
the river Thames, 35 miles S. E.
from Hartford, 8 N. from
most part aged persons, widows, and
London, and 7 S. from Norwich. fathei-less
children.
The town has a good water powciWithin the course of a few years
and contains 3 cotton and 2 woolen past,
an effort has been made to elfactories, and an oil mill.
Popula- evate and rescue the
remnant of
tion, 1830, 1,964.
this tribe from extinction.
small
This, and a large tract of country house
for divine worship has been
lying north and east of it, formerly
erected, and also a house for a teachbelonged to the Mohegans, a tribe er
tov/ards erecting this last buildof Indians once celebrated for their
ing the United States government
warlike prowess and fiiendship to
appropriated 500 dollars; they have
the EngUsh.
In Montville is a also allowed,
recently, 400 dollars
tract reserved by the state, for the
annually for the support of a teachmaintenance of a remnant of that er.
The school, consisting of uptribe, "on the land of their fathers."
wards of 20 scholars, at this time is
The Mohegan reservation consists under the
care of Mr. Anson G leaof about 2,700 acres.
It was holdson, who also officiates as a religious
en by them in common till the
teacher at the Mohegan Chapel.
year 1790, when it was divided to
Mr. GleasoR commenced his labors
each family by the leoislature of
among this people in 1832, and it is
Connecticut.
The Mohegans are firmly believed that his
efforts to
under the care of guardians, or overpromote the welfare of this people
seers, appointed by the legislature.
will be attended with lasting and
part ot the lands are occupied by
beneficial effects.
Mr. Gleason
the Indians themselves, and a part
says, " that he can say for a certainby white tenants, of which there
ty, that the native children are as
are as many as Mohegans Hving on
apt to learn as any children he ever
the reservation.
The rents go into taught, and bid fair for
intellio;8nt
a common fund, from which the
men and women." He also s'ays,
Mohegans derive, individually, a " This
tribe had well nigh run out
small sum annually.
by indulging in the use of ardent
In 1774, when a census of the inspirits ; but of late there is a change
habitants of Connecticut was taken,
for the better, a number of reforthere were in the colony 1,363 Inmations having taken place.
Most
dians. The number in the township
of the youth are opposed to strong
of
London was stated to be drink, and are
members of the tern-
The
New
A
;
A
'
New
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
perance reform. The greater part
of the working men follow the whale
trade, and come home only now and
We are on the increase,
then.
and hope in the course of a few years,
through the mercy of God, to rise
in point of virtue and i-espectabili.
.
.
ty."
The Mohegan church
is
between
three and four miles from Norwich
city, a few rods east of the public
road from Norwich to New London.
It is beautifully situated on an eminence commanding a fair view of
Norwich at the north, and
London at the south. It was built
in 1831, at an expense of between
six and seven hundred dollars, con-
New
tributed for the purpose mostly by
benevolent ladies in the cities of
Norwich, Hartford and
New
Lon-
designed for the
use of the Mohegans, and the white
inhabitants who reside on the re-
don,
1 his house
is
The Mohegan
schoolservation.
house is 40 or 50 rods south of the
chapel, at the foot of the hill, near
by which is the house for the teachAbout 100 rod3 west of the
er.
chapel, on the summ.it of a commanding eminence, was situated a
Mohegan fort, some traces of which
remain they also had another
near the river.
fort
;
«« Ln
wliere a sivarre fortress frown'd
Amid yon bluoil-cemenieLl srround,
!
hallowetl dome, with peaoefu'. .'laim,
Shall bear the meek Redeemer's name;
And forms liKe those that lini^ering stayed
Latrst 'i:eath Calvary's awful shade,
And p.inl!cst pierc'd the g.ther'd gloom
A
the S ivior's lowly tomb—
I'orms the Indian's ire
Have sootli'd and bade that dome aspire.
>.nd now, wh 're rose the murderous yell,
The tuneful hvmn to God shall swellWhere vengeance spread a fatal snare,
To watch
Su:h eentle
Shall breathe the red man's contrite prayer."
Moose Rivers.
Moose
river, \n
Maine,
is
a large
It
tributary to Moosehead lake.
rises in the western part of Somerset county, and after receiving the
waters of several large ponds in
that quarter, it passes through Bras-
sua lake, 4 or 5 miles ^y. of the
Moosehead.
Moose
river, in
New
Hampshire,
source on the N. side of the
White Mountains, and unites v/ith
the Androscoggin in Shelburne.
Its source is very near that of Israel's river, which passes W. into
the Connecticut.
has
its
Moose river, in Vermont, is a
it rises
branch of the Passumpsic
in Granby and East Haven, and
falls into that river at St. Johnsbury.
}
This, in many places, is a rapid
stream, about 25 miles in length.
Moose Head
Lalie,
Me.
This lake, the outlet of which
is
source of Kennebec river, lies
Its
in the county of Piscataquis.
form is very irregular. Its length
is between 40 and 50 miles, and its
breadth, in the widest part, about
the
The tributaries are numerous, and flow from almost every
12 miles.
direction.
It
contains a
islands, the largest of
number
which
is
of
Su-
gar island, containing 5,440 acres,
and Deer island, containing 2,000
acres.
These
islands are fertile, as
the whole country surrounding
the lake, except in some places
where the banks are high and preThe waters are deep and
cipitous.
abound in trout of an extraordinary
is
size.
It is remarkable that the territory
surrounding this inland sea, possess-
rich abundance all the necessary requirements for the uses
and comforts of man, and within
three hundred miles of the capital
of New England, should be left a
wilderness garden, uninhabited and
almost unexplored; while thous-
ino- in
ands of Nev.' England men are pressing to distant regions, less healthfuf, ?LnA I ess productive, \\\^Qr\ markets for surplus produce are considered.
The only settlement, of any con-
sequence, on the borders of this
beautiful lake, is HaskelVs Plantation, at the southern boundary.—
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER,
This place lies 15 miles N. from
Monson, from which town stages
A
pass to Bangor, 60 miles.
steamboat plies up and down the lake,
for the purpose of transporting passengers, more particularly those
who are engaged in felling timber;
and for the pui-pose of towing the
timber
down
to
the
Kennebec
out-
let.
The lumber business on this lake
very extensive, and doubtless lucrative
but the time is not very
distant when this and other sections
of Maine, will be as much valued
for the fruits of the soil
and, under
the wise system of geological exploration, adopted b}/ the legisla-
the north peak above tide water, ii
4,636 feet
that of the south peak,
is 4,536 feet.
Baker's river has its
source on its eastern side.
—
Mooseluc]kmaguiitic
A
lialte,
Me.
sheet of water which
empties into the -Molechunkamunk,
about 2 miles south.
large
is
;
;
ture, for the quarries of slate, lime,
granite, marble, and even coal, as
they are now for their forests of
timber.
may
This lake
two bays.
tre
of
er
A
little
be divided into
above the cen-
less
it, is
a
narrow pass of rath-
than a mile across.
At
this place, on the v/estern side, is
Mount Keneo,an
elevation of five or
over the
water.
From this height a picturesque view of the lake, its islands,
six
hundred
feet projecting
and a boundless wilderness, is presented. When the wind blows fresh
from the north, the waters of the
north bay press through this strait
with considerable force, and cause
the south bay to rise
two or three
feet.
A
dam has been
erected at the
the purpose of raisinothe lake 3 or 4 feet, so as to let the
the water off as occasion may require, to facilitate the passage of
lumber on the river.
hope,
for the benefit of our friends down
stream, that the dam is of solid materials and well constructed.
outlet,
for
We
Mooseliillock Moiintaiai, N. H.,
Is a noble and lofty eminence
in the S. E. pai-t of Coventry, and
ranks
in
among
New
the highest mountains
The altitude of
England.
"Washington co.
Mad river, a
branch of the Onion, waters this
town and gives it good mill seats.
The surface is mountainous, and a
great part of the
soil unfit for cultiFirst settled, 1700.
Population, 1830, 816.
It lies 8 miles
vation.
S.
W. from
Montpelier.
Moi-gau, Wt.
Orleans co.
First settled, ISOO.
It lies 50 miles N. E. from Montpelier, and 15 N. N.E. from Irasburgh,
Population, 1830, 331.
Knowllun's
lake, a handsome sheet of water,
containing a variety of fish, lies in.
this town.
It is 4 miles in length,
and 2 in breadth, and empties nito
Clyde
river.
Morrlsto-4vii, Vt.
Lamoille
co.
This town
lies
20
W. from Montpelier,
fi-om Hyde Park.
First
miles N. by
and 6 S.
settled, 1790.
Population, 1830,
1,315.
The surface of the town is
diversified by hills and valleys;
the
soil is good, particularly on the
banks of Lamoille river, which affords some water power.
Here is
a neat village, and considerable
The people
business.
are generaland produce cattle, butter, cheese, and a large quantity of
wool for market.
ly farmers,
Moscow, Me.
Somerset co. Moscow is watered by a pond, and by a beautiful
stream, a branch of the Kennebec,
and lies on the east side of that
river.
It is 30 miles N. from Nor-
�NEW ENGLAND
ridgewock, and 58 N. from Augusta.
This town has a good soil and a
It was incorpopleasant village.
Population, 1837,
rated in 1816.
477. Wheat crop, same year, 4,273
bushels.
Moiiltonlborouglij N.
Strafford
W.
If.,
situated on the N.
Winnepisiogee lake.
co., is
shore of
This interesting town lies 45 miles
N. from Concord, and 20 E. from PlyThis town is broken by
mouth.
mountains and ponds. Red Hill, lying wholly within this town, commands notice from the east, south,
and west and extends about 3
miles from E. to W., between Red
Hill river on the N., Great Squam
on the W., Great Squam and Long
pond on the S., terminating S. E.
by a neck of line land extending
Its suminto the Winnepisiogee.
mit is covered with the uvce iirsi
and low blueberry bush, which in
autumn give the hill a reddish hue,
from which circumstance its name
was probably derived. A number
of oval bluffs rise on its summit,
from each of which the prospect
on either hand is extensive and deThe north bluff is suplightful.
posed to consist of a body of iron
Bog ore is found in a brook
ore.
Ossidescending from this bluff.
pee mountain extends its base into
this town, and is a commanding
;
On
elevation.
the south
part of
mountain, in Moultonborough,
mineral chalybeate spring, the
waters strongly impregnated with
iron and sulphur, and efficacious
About a
in cutaneous eruptions.
mile north is a spring of pure cold
water, 16 feet in diameter, through
this
is a
the centre of which the water, containing a small portion of fine white
sand, is constantly thrown up to the
height of two feet the spring furnishing water sufficient for mills.
On the stream nearly a mile below,
is a beautiful waterfall of 70 feet
Descending on the
perpendicular.
left of this fall, a cave is found, con-
—
23
GAZETTEER.
taining charcoal and other evidences of its having been a hiding
place for the Indians.
Red Hill
river originates in Sandwich, and
passes through this town into the
Long pond
Winnepisiogee.
is
a
beautiful sheet of water, and connects with the lake by a channel
Squam and
sixty rods in length.
Winnepisiogee lakes lie partly in
Moultonborough. The soil of this
town
is
though in some
Moultonborough was
1763, to Col. Jonathan
fruitful,
parts rocky.
granted in
Moulton and others.
commenced
Settlements
in 1764.
Many
Indian implements and relhave been found indicating this
to have been once their favorite
residence.
In 1820, on a small island in the Winnepisiogee,was found
a curious gun barrel, much worn by
ics
age and rust, divested of its stock,
enclosed in the body of a pitch pine
Its butt
tree 16 inches in diameter.
rested on a flat rock, its muzzle elIn 1819, a small
evated about 30°.
dirk, 1 1-2 feet in length from the
point to the end of the hilt, round
blade, was found in a new field, one
foot under ground, bearing strong
marks of antiquity.
On the line of Tuftonborough, on
the shore of the lake, at the mouth
of Melvin river, a gigantic skeleton
was found about 30 years since, buried in a
sandy
soil,
apparently that
of a man more than seven feet high
the jaw bones easily passing over
tumuthe face of a large man.
lus has been discovered on a piece
of newly cleared land, of the length
and appearance of a human grave,
—
and
A
handsomely
rounded
with
small stones, not found in this part
which stones are
of the country
too closely placed to be separated
by striking an ordinary blow with
a crow-bar, and bear marks of being
The Ossipee tribe
a composition.
of Indians once resided in this vicinity, and some years since a tree
was standing in Moultonborough,
on which was carved in hieroglyph;
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
ics the history of tlieir expeditions.
Population, 1S30, 1,422.
Mouat
Desert, Me.
Hancock
co.
This town comwhole island of the same
name, lying between Frenchman's
bay and the watei-s of Blue Hill
bay, and Union river, until 1795,
when the north part was set off and
called Eden.
It lies 110 miles E.
from Augusta. Incorporated, 1789.
unfit for cultivation, it being so
high on the Green mountain range.
It lies 6G miles S. by W. from Montpelier, and 19 S. by E. from Rutland.
Population, 1830, 210.
is
prised the
Population, 1837, 1,783.
This town has an extensive coast,
and a number of excellent harbors.
The people of Mount Desert own
considerable navigation employed
in the coasting trade ; and the shore
fishery, is a lucrative branch of
The soil of the town is
business.
good, and abundantly able to supply
the inhabitants with bread stuffs.
In 1837, the ocean towns of Mount
Desert and Eden, produced 671
of good wheat.
We men-
busheb
show
there
must be something, other than sea
causes that valuable
air, v/hich
grain to blight on the coast of Massachusetts.
tion
this
fact, to
Mount
that
Holly, Vt.
A pleasant town
Rutland co.
lying CO miles S. from Montpclier,
and 17 S. E. from Rutland. First
settled,
1781.
Population,
1830,
The surface of the town is
1,318.
elevated, and in some ports mountainous, but the soil is well adapted
and produces considerable quantities of wool, beef, butter, and cheese.
for grazing,
Mounts Holyoke
«fc
Toin, Mass.
See JYorihampton.
Mount Hope,
And Mount Hope Bay.
Bristol, M.
See
I.
Mount
Tal>or, Vt.
Rutland CO. Otter Creek rises in
thi'? town, by a branch on each side
of a mountain.
Most oi' the land
Mount Vernon, Me.
Kennebec
This town
co.
lies
W.
of Belgrade, E. of Vienna, and
15 miles N. W. from Augusta.
Incorporated, 1792. Population, 1837,
There are three pleasant
1,503.
villages in the town
the soil is remarkably good, and is watered by
a number of beautiful ponds and
small streams.
Wheat crop, 1837,
5,888 bushels.
:
Movmt Vernon,
K".
H.,
Hillsborough co., is 3 miles N.
W. from Amherst, and 28 S. W.
from Concord. There is but one
stream of any note, and this was
called by the Indians Quohquina-
passakessananagnog.
tion is elevated,
The
situa-
and towards the E.
and S E. there is a considerable
prospect.
There is a flourishing
village situated near the highest
point of elevation.
This town was
originally a part of Amherst, from
which it was detached in 1803.
Dr.
Daniel Adams, who com-
menced and conducted
the Medical
and Agricultural Register, and is
author of a popular system of arithmetic, school geography, and a
number of useful school books, has
his residence in this place.
Popu-
lation, 1830, 7G3.
Mount Wasliington,
Mass.
Berkshire co. This town lies in
W. corner of the state, bordering on Ct. and N. Y. It is 135
miles W, by S. from Boston, 22 S.
S. W. from Lenox, and 26 S. E.
fiom Hudson, N. Y. Incorporated,
1779.
Population, 1837, 337.
These people seem to enjoy a
more elevated situation than any of
one of their hills
their neighbors
They
is 3,150 feet above the sea.
keep GOO sheep, and manufacture
the S.
:
�NEW ENGLAND
about 100,000 bushels of charcoal,
mountain stream afannually.
fords them a water power for an axe
These people,
factory and forge.
likewise, appear to be more inde-
A
pendent of the common wants of
mankind than other folks; for they
have no minister, physician, lawyer, post office, or tavern, yet they
are remarkably healthy ; and as far
as we can judge, intelligent and
kind.
Muscougus River and Bay, Me.
Lincoln
J\Tuscongus river,
rises in large ponds in the interior
of the county, and on the border of
Waldo county
it passes
through
Waldoborough, and separating Bremen and Friendship, it forms the
head waters of Muscongus bay.
This bay has a number of islands
and lies between St. George's islands off the town of St. George,
on the E., and Pemmaquid point,
co.
:
—
in
Bremen, on the W.
Naliaut; Mass.
a part of the beautiful town of
It is a peninsula, jutting
out about 5 miles into Massachu-
is
Lynn.
bay, and forms Lynn bay on
From Boston to Nahant
the south.
hotel, on the eastern point of the
peninsula, by land, is 14 miles
from the centre of Lynn, 5; and
from Salem 9 miles. On the N. E.
side of this peninsula is a beach of
great length and smoothness.
It is
setts
so hard that a horse's foot-steps are
scarcely visible ; and, from half-tide
to low water, it affords a ride of su-
exaggeration.
ing, excellent accommodations: the
ocean scenery is exceedingly beautiful in fair weather, and truly sublime in a storm.
Nautasket, Mass.
See Hull.
Nantucket Co. Mass. and Totvu*
An
island in the Atlantic ocean
town and county.
It lies E. of
Dukes county, and about 30 miles
S. of Cape Cod, or Barnstable counThis island is about 15 miles in
length, from east to west, and about
4 miles average breadth.
It contains 50 square miles.
The town,
formerly called Shelhurne, is in
about the centre of the island, on
the north side, in lat. 41° 16' 42",
W. Ion., 70° 7' 42". It is 100 miles
S. E. by S. from Boston, 55 S. E.
Bedford, 30 S. E. from
from
ty.
New
Falmouth, and 500 from Washing
Population, 1337, 9,048.
harbor,
with 7 1-2 feet of water, at low tide,
on the bar at its mouth. This island
was formerly well wooded, but for
many years it has not had a single
The soil is
tree of natural growth.
ton.
Nantucket has a good
This celebrated watering place,
perior excellence.
said in praise of
GAZETTEER.
Much may
be
Nahant without
Its formation, situa-
and rugged shore, excites the
curiosity of all, and many thousands annually visit it for health, or
tion,
pleasure.
It is only 10 miles N. E. from
Boston, by the steam-boats, continuat
ally plying in summer months
this place are good lishing and fowl:
light and sandy;
it
however
affords
pasturage for about 7,000 sheep, 500
cows, and other cattle. In 1659,
when
this county was incorporated,
the island contained 3,000 Indians,
but now, not one.
The whale fishery commenced
here in 1690 ; and this place is,
perhaps,
more celebrated than
any other, for the enterprize and
success of its people, in that species of nautical adventure. Indeed
Nantucket is the mother of that
great branch of wealth in America,
In the year
if not in the world.
ending April 1, 1837, Nantucket
employed 74 vessels in that fishery,
the tonnage of which was 25,875
tons
1,277,009 gallons of sperm
and whale oil was imported, the
value of which was $1,114,012.
The number of hands employed,
was
1,897.
The
capital
invested.
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
fertility and beauty; the principal
of which are Connanicut, Prudence,
Patience, Block and Hope. This
bay is near the ocean ; is accessible
at all seasons
is well protected by
powerful forts, and affords some of
the best harbors in the world. The
board of naval commissioners have
recently reported to Congress that
the waters of Narraganset Bay afford greater advantages for a naval
depot, than any other unoccupied
position on the coast of the United
this includes the
;
ships and outfits only ; yet many of
the manufactories of tlie place, are
appendages of the whale fishery ;
altogether, employing a capital of
over five millions of dollars. There
are manufactures on the island, of
vessels, whale boats, bar iron, tin
ware, boots, shoes, oil casks, and
was $2,520,000
;
candle boxes. The whole amount
of the manufactures, for that year,
including oil and candles, was ^2,524,907. Total tonnage of the district of Nantucket, in 1S37, 29,960
States.
tons.
Narraguagus River & Bay, Me.
Great attention is paid to education on this island.
The men are
noted for their sedateness and daring
spirit, and the women for their intelligence and beauty.
JVantucket Shoals is a dangerous place, where many a sailor has
found a watery grave. They lie
S. E. from the island, and cover an
area of about 50 by 45 miles.
Washington co. The river rises
in several ponds in Beddington, and
passing in a southeastern direction,
falls into a bay of the same name,
between Harrington and Steuben.
The bay contains a number of islands, between which is a good passage into Pleasant bay, on the east
side.
Naples, Me.
IVastiawn Island, Mass.,
This town was
formed from Otisfield and Raymond,
and incorporated in 1S34. It is watered by Sebago and Songo ponds,
and Crooked and Muddy rivers. It
has good mill privileges, and a pro-
Cumberland
ductive
co.
W.
A beautiful stream on the S.part of
co.
N.H. has its source
Worcester county, Massachusetts.
It is formed of two branches
called the north and south branches.
The north branch is formed of two
streams, one from Ashburnham, the
other from Wachuset ponds. The
south branch is composed of Still
in
from
Portland.
'Narraganset Bay, R.
Nasliua River,
Hillsborough
Population, 1837, 722.
Naples lies 63 miles W. S. W. from
soil.
Augusta, and 27 N. N.
And Nashawejvna. See Eliz"
abeth Islands.
I.
This delightful bay lies wholly
within the limits of Rhode Island
its entrance extends from Point Juriver, issuing from the E. side of
dith on the west, to Seaconnet Wachuset mountain, and a small
Rocks on the east, and terminates stream from Quinepoxet pond in
at Bullock's point, about 6 miles Holden.
These branches are unibelow the city of Providence. The ted in Lancaster, from which the
length of this bay is about 28 miles
main river proceeds in a N. E.
its breadth varies from 3 to 12 miles.
course to Harvard, Shirley, Groton,
It receives the waters of the Taunand Pepperell in Massachusetts
ton, Providence, Pawtuxet, and and from thence into New Hampother rivers, and on its borders are shire through Hollis, and nearly
Newport, Bristol, Warren, and oth- the centre of the town of Nashua,
er large and flourishing towns.
It
where it falls into the Merrimack
is decked with many islands of great
river.
:
:
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
Nasliua, N. H.
Hillsborough
co.
This
town
originally embraced a large extent
of territory, and was called DunIt lies 34 miles
stable until 1S36.
S. by E. from Concord, 12 S. E.
from Amherst, and 12 N. W. from
Lowell. The population of Dunstable, in 1830, was 2,414. Population
of Nashua, in 1S36, 5,0G5 ; 1837,
5,G13; 1838, 5,691.
In the N. E. part of the town,
on Nashua river, is the flourishing
Village of A^'ashiia, the centre of
a considerable trade, and the seat
This
of important manufactures.
village contains 8 beautiful churches, a large number of elegant dwelling-houses, 50 stores, and 10 taverns.
The
JS^'ashiia
Coynpany was
factures on Nashua river and the
waters of Salmon brook.
The Nashua and Lowell
rail-
road was opened for travel on the
Sth of October, 1838.
The soil of Nashua has considerable variety.
It is easy of cultivation, and is generally productive.
The east part of the town, lying on
the river, presents avery level surface.
The west parts are divided
into hills and valleys, but the whole
township may be considered far
from being hilly or mountainous.
watered by the Nashua river,
a fertilizing stream, which rises in
the state of Massachusetts, and
Salmon brook, a small stream which
originates from several ponds in
It is
Both of these empty into
Merrimack river, the former at
Manufacturing Nashua village, the latter about one
incoi-porated in 1823.
Ithas three cotton mills, 155 feet in
length, 45 in breadth and six stories
in height. They contain 22,000 spindles, 710 looms, and manufacture
9,390,000 yai-ds of cloth per annum.
Their canal is 3 miles long, 60 feet
wide, and 8 feet deep.
Head and
fall, 33 feet.
Capital, $750,000.
Groton.
and a half mile below.
This was for a long time a frontier town, and the first settlers were
many
in
times annoyed by the Indians,
the successive v/ars in which
country was engaged with
them. In the war with the famous
Narraganset sachem, this town
was much exposed, and some of
this
the inhabitants fled to the older set-
In Lovewell's war, the
The Jackson Manvfacturing tlements.
Company was incorporated in 1824. company in this town under the
Capital, $600,000.
They have two brave Capt. John Lovewell, acquircotton mills, 155 feet long, 47 wide,
These mills
and 4 stories high.
contain 11,500 spindles, and 388
looms.
They manufacture 5,634,000, yards of cloth annually. Their
canal is half a mile in length, and
serves for transportation on the
Head and fall, 20 feet.
The volume of water afforded by
the Nashua river, at the dryest sea-
river.
son of the year, is 180 cubic feet
per second.
The number of operatives in all
fethe mills at Nashua is 1,448:
The
males, 1,288; males, 160.
number of pounds of cotton used is
14,500 per day, or 4,533,500 lbs. per
Their
ed an imperishable name.
successes at first, and misfortunes
afterwards, have been often repeated and are generally known.
Dunstable belonged to Massachusetts till the divisional line between the two provinces of Massachusetts and New Hampshire wms
settled, in 1741.
It was incorporaHampshire, April 1,
ted by
1746, and the name was altered to
Nashua in December, 1836.
New
NatcSiaiig River, Ct.
—
annum.
There are other valuable manu-
23*
This
is
the largest branch of the
It rises in Union and
Woodstock, and joins the Shetucket
near the line of Chaplin and Mans-
Sheiucket.
field.
�NEW ENGLAND
Watick, Mass.
GAZETTEER.
eral
river.
It contains numerous valuable mill seats.
There are in the
town 6 paper mills, a cotton factory, and manufactures of shoes,
hats, and v/indow blind hinges
with
annual value, about
Middlesex CO. Natick is a pleasant town, of good soil
it is watered
by Charles riv^er, and contains sev:
delightful ponds, well stored
fish.
This was a favorite resort of the Indians.
There are
:
Incorporated, 1711. Population, 1837,
l,4i)2.
Needham lies 4 m.iles N.
W. from Dedham, and 12 W. S. W.
fi-om Boston, by the Boston and Worcester rail-road.
some moderate elevations in the
town: the Indians used to call it
" the place of hills."
Under the advice and direction
of the apostle Elliot, the first Indian church in
England was
Neddocli, Cape, Me.
New
A
rocky, barren bluff, inhabited
by a fev.f fishermen, about 3 miles
N. from York harbor.
formed here in IfiGO, and comprised
40 communicants.
The manufactures of the town
consist principally of shoes.
Dur-
Mclson, M.
ing the year ending April 1, 1837,
250,650 pairs were made, valued at
$213,053
employing 452 hands.
This town was incorporated in 1781.
Population, 1830,890; 1837,1,221.
It lies 1() miles W. S. W. from Boston, and 12 S. from Concord.
;
River, Ct,
The best mill privileges are
furnished by streams issuing from
ponds in this town, of which there
are four, containing a surface of
1,800 acres.
There is a cotton and
other manufactories.
The inhabitants arc principally farmers of industiious habits.
It was chartered
Feb. 22, 1774, by the name of
Pachersfiehl.
In June, 1814, the
river.
This important mill stream is
ahout 50 miles in length.
It lises
in the north part of Litchfield county, and after traversing a S. course
nearly the whole length of that
county, it crosses the west part of
New Haven county, and falls into
the Hnusatonick at Derby.
Neal's Bi'ooli
and Pond,
Vt.
Neal's brook, or branch, rises in
Lunen burgh and the border of
Guildhall, and running south falls
into a pond of the same name.
It
continues its course south and meets
the Connecticut.
This is a short
stream, but valuable on account of
its water power.
JYeaVs pond, a mile in length,
and a half mile in width, is a
handsome sheet of water, and contains a variety of fish.
Needliani, Mass.
name was
altered to Nelson.
The
settlements commenced inl767.
Nelson lies 40 miles S. W. from
Concord, and 8 N. E. from Keene.
Population, 1830, 875.
first
I
K'ep onset Hiver,
Norfolk
The
Mass.
sources ot this
river are in Canton, Stoughton, and
Sharon.
It receives a tributary
from Charles river. Mother brook,
so called, and meets the tide of Boston harbor at Milton Mills, 4 miles
from Dorchester bay.
This is a
noble mill stream on its navigable
waters is the depository of the Quincy granite rail-road company, and
CO.
:
Norfolk CO. This town is nearly
surrounded by the waters of Charles
II,,
Cheshire co., is situated on tlie
height of land between Connect!
cut and Meriimack rivers.
The
surface is hilly, but good for grazing.
In the S. part^ a branch of
the Ashuelot river rises
and from
Long pond in this town, and Hancock, issues a branch of Ccntoocook
:
K'aiigat'iicls;
ie;150,00{).
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
at its
mouth is Commercial
Point, in
Dorchester, a beautiful place, with
an excellent harbor.
Ke^vaggen, Cape, Me.
with the village of Fairferry has also been established, on which it is proposed to
run a steam boat.
New Bedford was incorporated
nects
it
haven.
A
This cape is a part of the town of
Loothbay. It extends about 5 miles
into the sea, and forms the eastern
in 1787, previous
boundary of Sheepscot's bay.
was
Ne-^vai-k, Vt.
Caledonia co. The Passumpsic
river is formed in this town by a
collection of streams issuing principally from ponds.
The town is
not mountainous, but the soil is cold
and generally unproductive.
It
lies 44 miles N. E. from Montpe!ier,and 19 N. W. from Guildhall.
First settled, ISOO.
Population, in
1830, 257.
K'e^v Aslifortl,
Mass.
Berkshire co. This is a mountainous township, but the soil is
good for grazing.
In 1S37, tlie value of 2,708 fleeces of wool, produced in tliis town, weighing 7,785
pounds, was worth $3,893. New
Ash ford produces fine white and
variegated marble, and is the source
of Green river.
It lies 130 miles
W. by N. from Boston, and 18 N.
from Lenox.
Incorporated, 1801.
Population, 1837, 253.
Neiv Bedford, Mass.
This is a half shire town of Bristol
county, and port of entry, pleasantly situated on the W. side of the
a river, or more pi-opcrly an estuary, connected with BuzThe ground on which
zard's bay.
the town stands rises rapidly from
the river, and allbrds an interesting
view from the opposite side.
The upper part of the town is
laid out into beautiful streets, which
contain many costly and superb
Acushnet,
dwellings.
This harbor, though not easy of
access, is capacious and well securwooden bridge,
ed from winds.
near the centre of the town, con-
A
to
stituted a part of the
mouth.
which it contown of Dart-
In
1812, the eastern part
separate township
by the name of Fairhaven.
The almost exclusive business of
the place is the whale fishery,
which commenced before the war
of the revolution, and has gradually grown to its present importance.
The increase, however, within the
last 12 years has been more rapid
than during any former period.
The number of ships and brigs now
employed is 160.
Tonnage of the
district, in 1837, 85,130 tons.
There are 16 oil manufactories, at
which a large amount of oil and canconsiderable quandles is made.
tity of the oil imported is, however,
sold in the crude state to other plaset otf as a
A
ces.
The manufactures of the town
consist of leather, boots, shoes, hats,
iron castings, axes, chairs, tin and
cabinet wares, vessels, salt, cordage, soap, Prussian blue, paper
hangings, carriages, looking-glass
the
fiames, and carpenter's tools
total value, for the year ending
April 1, 1837, including oil and can:
amounted to .$€90,800. There
were imported, during that year,
dles,
2,472,735 gallons of oil, and 305,170
pouu'is of whale bone, the value
The
of which was $1,750,832.
capital invested in the whale fish-
The numery was $4,210,000.
ber of hands employed was 4,000.
Few places in Massachusetts have
increased in population more rapidly
than tills.
By the census of 1790,
the population of the village was
In 1830, the township
about 700.
in 1833, 9,200,
contained 7,592
and in 1837, 14,304.
;
V/ilhin a few years, the inhabitants
of this town have manifested a commendable liberality in providing the
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
There is a
means of education.
flourishing academy in the town, and
large sums are annually appropriated tor the maintenance of public
and private schools.
rail-road will soon be constructed from this place, to meet the Bos-
A
ton
and
Scekonk,
of Fall River; or to
Providence,
at
by the way
meet the Taunton
ton.
By
rail-road at Tauneither of those routes, a
Boston or New York, would
A large and
be very pleasant.
wealthy town, highly flourisliing
in its commerce and manufactures
like this, with the neighboring islands of Nantucket and Martha's
Vineyard, seem to require it.
New Bedford lies 52 miles S.
from Boston, 52 N. W. from Nantucket, 14 E. by S. fi-om Fall River,
20 S. S. E. from Taunton, and 214
N. E. by E. from New York.
trip to
Ne^v Bostoii, N.
11.,
Hillsborough co., is 9 miles N.
N. W. from Amherst, and 22 S.
by W. from Concord. It is watered by several streams, the largest
of which is the S. branch of Piscataquog river, having its source in
Pleasant pond, in Francestown.
This town consists of fertile hills,
productive vales, and some valuable
The soil is favorable for
the vai'ious productions common
to this section of the state, and there
are many excellent farms, under
good cultivation. In the S. part of
Boston, there is a considerable
elevation, called Jo English hill, on
one side of which it is nearly perpendicular.
Its height is 572 feet.
1768; died May 28, 1803, aged 67.
Population, 1830, 1,680.
New Braiiitree, Mass.
Ware river and
co.
other streams water this town, and
Worcester
afford
town
The
is
Ne^\'l>«irgli,
Me.
Penobscot co.
This is a good
township of land, 54 miles N. E.
from Augusta, and 14 S. W. from
Bangor. Incorporated, 1819. Population, 1830, 626; 1837,867. Watered by a branch of the Sowadabscook.
Wheat
bushels.
crop,
1837,
5,041
Newbury, N. H.
Merrimack
co.
This town was
caWed Dantzick ; it was
incorporated by the name of Fish-
originally
ersfield, in 1778,
and took
ent name, in 1S37.
N.
all
30
Beard's pond, and Jo English pond,
are the only ponds of note.
New
Boston was granted, 173G, to inhabitants of Boston.
It was incorporated, 1763.
The first settlement
commenced about the year 1733.
The first minister was Rev. Solomon Moor, from Ireland, who received his education at Glasgow.
In Feb. 1767, he arrived at New
Boston, and was ordained Sept. 6,
good mill privileges.
of the
:
meadows.
New
it
good, particularly for grazing
it has become celebrated for its good farmers, and for
its excellent beef cattle, butter and
cheese.
There is a cotton mill in
manufactures of
the town, and
leather, palm-leaf hats, &c.
It lies
60 miles W. from Boston, and 18 W.
N. W. from Worcester. Incorporated, 1751. Population, 1837, 780.
soil
It lies
its pres40 miles
V/. by W. from Amherst, and
W. by N. from Concord. The
S. part of
N. W.
Sunapee lake lies in the
Todd pond, 500 rods
part.
and 60 in width, affords a
branch to Warner river.
From Chalk pond issues a small
stream communicating with Suna-
in length,
small
pee lake. The land is generally
mountainous, and the soil hard and
rocky.
The first settlement in this
town was made in the year 1762,
by Zephaniali Clark, Esq. Population, 1830, 793.
Netvlrary, Vt.
This is a beautiful
Orange co.
town on the W. side of Connecticut river, and supplied with mill
privileges by Wells river^ and
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER,
Hariman'sand
Hill's brooks.
These
brooks have their sources in ponds
Newbury
of considerable size.
comprises the tract commonly called the Greai Oxbow, on a bend in
Connecticut river. This tract is of
great extent, and celebrated for its
luxuriance and beauty. The agricultural productions of the town are
very valuable, consisting of beef
cattle, wool, and all the varieties of
The town contains a
the dairy.
number of mineral springs, of some
celebrity in scrofulous and cutane-
ous complaints.
The
villages
of
JVewhury mid
Wells River are very pleasant
they command a flourishing trade,
and contain manufacturing estab:
lishments of various kinds.
Some
of the buildings are very handsome.
The scenery of the windings of the
river through this fine tract of alluvial meadow, contrasted with the
abrupt acclivities in the north part
of the town, is very striking and
beautiful.
The town
verhill,
is
connected with Ha-
N. H., by two
bridges.
It
27 miles S. E. from Montpelier,
and 20 N. E. from Chelsea. PopuFirst settled,
lation, 1830, 2,252.
lies
1764.
many
The
first
to
go
A
sandy beach and salt meadow and
is noted for the beach plum, which
ripens in September.
;
A
curious cavern, called the
" Devil's Den," contains specimens
of asbestos, limestone, marble, serpentine and amianthos. The scenery on the high grounds is rich, variegated and beautiful.
Dummer academy, founded in
1756,
is a flourishing institution: it
situated in the parish of " By-
is
field."
The manufactures of Newbury
consist of cotton goods, leather,
boots, shoes, carriages, cordage,
fishing nets, bed cords and cotton
lines
annual value about ^75,000,
:
A
large number of vessels are built
in the town, and some navigation
is owned and employed in the coast-,
ing trade and fishery.
This town is celebrated as the
birth place of many distinguished
endured men.
Theophilus Parsoivs,
For some years LL. D., an eminent jurist, was born
Charlestown to in Newbury. February 24, 1750.
settlers
hardships.
they had
pleasant streams ; the former falls
nearly 50 ft^et in the town, and affords it good mill seats.
part of
Plum island, is attached to this town.
This island, about nine miles in
length and one in breadth, extending from Ipswich river to the mouth
of the Merrimack, is comprised of
to
mill, 60 miles distant, carrying their
grain in canoes down the river, or
drawing it on the ice.
General Bailey, a patriot of the
revolution, distinguished himself in
the settlement of the town.
The state legislature held their
sessions in Newbury, in the years
1787, and 1801.
He
died in Boston, October 6, 1813.
Newbury was
first
settled,
in
1635.
Its Indian name \vas Qua/'
caciinquen.
It lies 31 miles N. by
E. from Boston, 17 N. from Salem,
and 3 S. from Newburyport. Pop
ulation, 1837, 3,771.
KTeAvbiiryport, Mass.
Newtotiry, Mass.
One of the shire towns of Essex
county. Thisis considered one of the
Essex CO. This ancient and respectable town, lies on Merrimack
river, opposite to Salisbury. It formerly comprised the territory of
most beautiful towns in New EngIt lies on a gentle acclivity,
on the south bank of the Merrimack, at the union of that river
with the ocean. In point of terri-
Newburyport and West Newbury.
The soil is of an excellent quality,
and in a high state of cultivation.
Parker and Artichoke rivers are
land.
it is the smallest town in the
commonwealth, being only one mile
square.
It was taken from New-
tory,
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
bury in 1764. Population, in 1837,
This place has been and
6,741.
now
is
considerably noted for
its
commerce and
ship building. Some
of the old continental frigates were
built here ; and in 1790, the tonnage of the port was 11,870 tons.
Of late years the foreign commerce
of the place has diminished, in consequence of a sand bar at the mouth
of the harbor.
This place has considerable inland and foreign commerce. It has four whale ships,
and a large amount of tonnage engaged in the freighting business
and the cod and mackerel fisheries.
Tonnage of the district, in 1837,
22,078 tons.
The manufactures of Nevvburyport consist of cotton goods, boots,
shoes, hats, bar iron, iron castings,
chairs, cabinet and tin wares, combs,
spirits, vessels, snuff, segars, organs, soap and candles: annual
amount about $350,000. The product of the whale fishery, the year
ending April 1, 1837, was $142,982.
During the same period, this town
and Newbury had 128 vessels employed in the
cod and mackerel
1,000 hands:
product that year, $177,700.
Newburyport lies 34 miles N. by
E. from Boston, 20 N. fiom Salem,
24 S. by W. from Portsmouth, N.
H., and 2 miles S. E. from Essex
bridge.
Lat. 42° 47' N.
Ion. 70°
47' W.
From the mouth of this
harbor. Plum Island, extends to the
employing
fishery,
;
mouth
of Ipswich river.
The Hon. William Bartlett
and Moses Brown, Esq., distinguished for their enterprise and integrity as merchants, were natives
of this town.
The celebrated George Whitefield, one of the founders of the
sect of the Methodists, and one of
its most eloquent preachers, died in
this town, Sept. 21, 1770.
A
handsome monument has been
erected to his memory, by the Hon.
William Bartlett,
lowing
is
This Cenotaph
Is erected, with affectionate
veneration, to
the fola part of the inscription
The memory
of the
Rev. GEORGE WHITEFIELD
Born at Gloucester, England,
December
Educated
IG, 1714.
Oxford University}
Ordained 1736.
at
In a ministry of thirty-four years,
crossed tlie Atlantic thirteen times,
He
And preached more
Than eighteen thousand sermons.
As a Soldier of the
Cross, humble, devout, ardent.
He put on the
Whole armor of God; Preferring
The honour of Christ
To his own interest, repose.
Reputation, and life.
New
Cauaau,
Ct.
This town was taken from Norwalk and Stamford in
1801.
It lies .5 miles N. W. from
Norwalk, 37 W. S. W. from New
Haven, and 50 N. E. from New
York. Population, 1830, 1,826.—
Fairfield co.
The
surface of
tlie
town
is
rough
and mountainous; the soil is a hard,
gravelly loam, but generally productive.
The manufacture of shoes
is carried on to a considerable extent
the annual value is about
$400,000.
An academy was established here
in 1815, and has acquired a high
reputation.
It stands on an elevated and commanding situation, having a fine prospect of Long Island
Sound and the intervening country.
Pestles and other Indian implements
have been found at the north part of
the town, which probably was the
resort of the natives.
Excavations
in solid rock, one large enough to
contain eight gallons, are found
these were doubtless Indian mor:
tars.
New
Castle,
Me.
Lincolnco. New Castle lieson the
side of Damariscotta river, about
15 miles from its mouth.
It is
36 miles S. E. from Augusta, and
8 N. E. from Wiscasset.
Incorpo-
W.
�NEW ENGLAND
Population, in 18.37,
rated, 1753.
This is a pleasant town, and
1,545.
flourishing in its trade and navigation.
New
Castle, N. H.,
Rockingham
co., is a rough and
rocky island, situated in Portsmouth
harbor, and formerly called Great
A
handsome bridge, built
Island.
in 1821, connects this town with
Portsmouth. Here is an ancient
church.
Rev. Samuel Moody
preached here previous to the commencement of the ISth century.
New Castle was incorporated in
This
1693, and contains 458 acres.
island was the seat of business,
when ancient Strawberry Bank
was the mere germ of the town of
Portsmouth.
Fishing is here pur.sued with success ; and the soil
anions: the rocks, being of good
quality, is made to produce abundantly.
Fort Constitution and the
light-house stand on this island.
Population, 1830, 850.
Ne^v Fairfield, Ct.
Fairfield co. This is a small township, rough and hilly, with a hard
and gravelly soil. It lies 64 miles
S. W. from Hartford, and 7 N. from
Danbury.
Incorporated, in 1740.
Population, 1830, 940.
New
Durliam, N. H.
of the latter is a remarkable cave,
the entrance of which is about 3
feet wide and 10 feet high.
The
outer room is 20 feet square ; the
inner apartments become smaller,
until at the distance of 50 feet they
are too small to be investigated.
The sides, both of the galleries and
the rooms are solid granite.
They
bear marks of having been once
united, and were probably separated by some great convulsion of
nature.
There is a fountain, over which a
part of Ela's river passes, which is
regarded as a curiosity. By sinking
a small mouthed vessel into this
fountain, water may be procured
extremely cold and pure. Its depth
has not been ascertained.
Near the
centre of the town is Rattlesnake
hill, the S. side of which is almost
100 feet high, and nearly perpendicular.
Several other hills in this
town contain precipices and cavities, some of considerable extent.
Durham was granted in 1749.
It was incorporated Dec. 7, 1762.
Elder Benjamin Randall, the
founder of the sect of Freewill
Baptists, commenced his labors here
in 1780, and organized a church.
He died in 1808, aged 60.
Durham lies 30 miles N. E.
New
New
from Concord, and 32 N. W. by N.
Population, in 1830,
from Dover.
1,162.
The
surface of this
town is very uneven, a portion so
rocky as to be unfit for cultivation.
The soil is generally moist, and
There
well adapted to grazing.
Durham, the
are 5 ponds in
largest of which is INIerrymeeting
pond, about 10 miles in circumference, from which a copious and
perpetual stream runs into Merrymeeting bay, in Alton. Ela's river
flows from Coldrain pond into Farmington, on which is a fine waterfall.
The Cocheco also has its source
here. Mount Betty, Cropple-crown
and Straw's mountains are the principal eminences.
On the N. E. side
Strafford co.
GAZETTEER.
New
NeM'fane, Vt.
Windham
County town.
about 100 miles S.
from Montpelier, and 12 N. W.
from Brattleborough. First settled,
The town is watered by a
1766.
branch of West river, and several
other streams.
The surface of the
town is diversified by hills and valleys; the soil is good, and produces
white oak and walnut in abundance.
There is but little waste land in the
town: the uplands are inferior to
none for grazing, and the intervales
Newfane
afford excellent tillage.
exhibits a great variety of minerals.
Newfane
co.
lies
�among which
are
NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
some of value.
New Gloucester, Me.
Perhaps no town in the state presents a more inviting field for the
mineralogist than
this.
There are two pleasant villages
town. The centre village
contains the county buildings
it is
on elevated land, and commands a
very extensive and delightful prospect. Population, 1830, 1,441.
in the
:
NeAvfoiind Pond and River,N.H.
See Bristol.
Novfield, Me.
York CO. This town is watered
by Little Ossipee river, and lies 99
miles S. W. by W. from Au2:usta,
and 15 N. W. from Alfred, "it is
a good farming town and produces
considerable wheat and wool.
It
was incorporated in 1794. Population, 1837, 1,322
Cumberland CO. This is a pleasant
and flourishing farming town, 23
miles N. from Portland, and 38 S.
W. from Augusta. Incorporated,
1774.
Population, 1837, 1,861.
It
watered by Royal's river,
on which are mills of various kinds.
The soil of the town is very fertile,
containing large tracts of intervale.
is
well
The
first
to build a
settlers
were compelled
block house
for their protection against the Indians.
In this
building the people attended public worship for a number of years.
This town has an abundant water
power, a school fund of $4,000, and
a society of about 300 of those neat
and industrious people, " whose
faith is one and whose practice is
one." See Canterbury, JV. H.
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
NEW HAMPSHIRE.
This
state is
bounded north by Lower Canada,
east
by Maine, south-
of Massachusetts, south by Massaeast by the Atlantic and the State
by Vermont. Situated between 42°
chusetts, and west and north-west
40'
and 45°
168, and
its
and 70° 35'
greatest breadth about 90 miles, and
16'
N.
lat.,
and 72°
27'
W.
it
Ion.
Its
length
is
comprises an area of
about 9,280 square miles.
and the first setThe first discovery of New Hampshire was in 1614,
and Portsmouth, in 1623;
tlements made by Europeans were at Dover
Pilgrims at Plymouth. The
only three vears after the landing of the
Hampton, in 1638. The inhabitnext settlements were at Exeter and
until after the cession of Canants of these and all the early settlements,
annoyed by the Indians, who
ada to England by France, were greatly
In the rein\rge and powerful bodies in this then wilderness.
existed
New Hampshire suffered more
peated and general wars with the Indians,
colony was twice united with that'
than any other of the colonies. This
separation did not take place until 1741,
of Massachusetts, and the final
In the revoluwhen the boundaries of the two colonies were settled.
and honorable part.
a distinguished
tionary contest. New Hampshire bore
of the
was freely shed on most of the battle fields
made a public
As early as June 15, 1776, New Hampshire
revolution.
of that year, the
Declaration^ of Ixdepei^denck, and in December
which
adopted a temporary form of Government,
The
blood of her sons
delegates of the people
was continued
24
until 1784,
when
the
first
constitution
was adopted.
This
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
beino- found deficient in
adopted in 1792, which
is
some of
now
its
provisions, a
new
constitution
was
in force.
The executive power h vested in a Governor and five Counsellors, chosen annually by the people. The legislature consists of the Senate, comprising twelve members, chosen in twelve districts, and the House of
Representatives, chosen annually in the month of March, every town
having 150 rateable polls being entitled to send one, and an additional
The legislature assembles
representative for every 300 additional polls.
Concord, on the first Wednesday of June.
annually at
All male citizens, of 21 years and upwards, except paupers and persons excused from taxes, have a right to vote for state officers
dence of
at
least three months within the town being required
—a
resi-
to entitle
the person to vote.
The
Courts of
Common
law terms once
rior
power
judiciary
Pleas.
vested in a Superior Court of Judicature, and
The
four Judges of the
Superior Court, hold
year in each of the counties; and Judges of the Supe-
a
Court are ex
is
officio
Presiding Judges in the courts of
Common
Pleas,
holden semi-annually in each county, by one of the Superior Judges
with the two Associate Justices of the
The Judges
Common
Pleas for each coun'y.
hold their offices during good behavior, until 70 years of age
but are subject
to
;
removal by impeachment, or by address of the two
houses of the legislature.
Succession of Governors.
Meshech Weare,* 1776— 1784.
John Langdon, 1785. John Sullivan,
John Langdon, 1788. John Sullivan, 1789. Josiah BartJohn Taylor Gilman, 1794-1804. John Langdon,
lett, 1790—1793.
1805-1808. Jeremiah Smith, 1809. John Langdon, 1810, 1811. William Plumer, 1812. John Taylor Gilman, 1813— 1815.
William Plumer,
1816—1818.
Samuel Bell, 1819—1822.
Levi Woodbury, 1823.—
David Lawrence Morril, 1821 1826. Benjamin Pierce, 1827. John
Bell, 1823.
Benjamin Pierce, 1829. Matthew Harvey, 1830. Samuel
Dinsmoor, 1831—1833. William Badger, 1834, 1835.
Isaac Hill, 1836
1786, 1787.
—
— 183S.
John Page, 1839—
Succession of Chief Justices of the Superior Court,
Meshech Weare, 1776—1781.
Samuel Livermore, 1782—1789. JoJohn Pickering, 1791—1794. Simeon Olcott, 1795
Jeremiah Smith, 1802— 1808. Arthur Livermore, 1809— 1812.
siah Bartlett, 1790.
—1801.
* The Chief Magistrates were styled Presideiit, until the adoption of the
Constitution of 1792, when the title of Governor was substituted.
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
Jeremiah Smith, 1813—1815.
Joel Parker,
1837.
New
Hampshire
Counties.
—
William Merchant Richardson, 1816
1838—
is
divided into eight counties, as follows
:
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
ern part of the state, are of great elevation, and afford the grandest display of mountain scenery in our country. See Winnepisio gee Lake, and
Mountains
Wliite
Hew
hy W.
N. W.
river,
Hamptoii; N.
II.j
native
co.,
town,
in
the
year
1777.
The Academical and Theologi-
30 miles N.
from Concord, and about 20
Populafrom Gilmanton.
Strafford
tion,
— also Register.
lies
cal Institution, in this town, is finely located and in a very prosperous
The average number of
condition.
male and female scholars is about
This is one of the best semi375.
naries of learning in our country.
Pemigewasset
which washes the W. bound-
1830, 1,904.
is the only stream of magnitude ; and over it is thrown the
bridge which vmites the town with
ary,
See Register.
NeAV Hartford, Ct.
Bristol.
a remarkable spring on
the W. side of Kelly's hill in this
town, from which issues a stream
There
is
Litchfield co. This town was first
settled in 1733.
It lies 20 miles N.
\Y. from Hartford, and 11 N. E.
sufficient to supply several mills. from Litchfield.
Population, 1830,
This stream is never affected by 1,766. The surface of the town is
rains or droughts, and falls into the hilly and mountainous.
The lands
river after running about a mile. are best adapted for grazing.
It is
Pemigewasset pond lies on the bor- watered by Farmington river and
der of Meredith. There are 4 other other streams, on which are several
The soil of mills.
ponds in this town.
Hampton, though the surface
" In the eastern part of
!
New
this
broken and uneven, is remarkably fertile, producing in abundance
most kinds of grain and grass. The
industry of the inhabitants has en-
is
abled them in years of scarcity to
supply the wants of other towns.
In the S. part of the town there is
a high hill of a conical form which
may be seen in almost any direction from 10 to 50 miles; the prospect from the summit of which is
very pleasant.
In 1763, Gen. Jonathan Moulton,
Hampton, having an ox weighing 1,400 pounds, fattened for the
purpose, hoisted a flag upon his
horns and drove him to Portsmouth
as a present to Gov. Wentworth.
He refused to receive any compensation for the ox, but requested
and received a charter of a small
gore of land of 19,422 acres. This
small gore received the name of
of
JYew
Hampton,
in
honor of
liis
town
rough and mountainous
district, formerly designated Satan'' s Kingdom ; and the few inhabitants who lived here were in a
measure shut out from the rest of
mankind.
An inhabitant of the
town invited one of his neighbors,
there
who
is
a
lived within the limits of this
district, to
go and hear Mr. Marsh,
the first minister who was settled in
the town.
He was prevailed upon
to go to church in the forenoon, in
the course of his prayer, Mr. Marsh,
among other things, prayed that Satan'' s kingdom might he destroyed.
It appears that the inhabitant of
this district took the expression in
a literal and tangible sense, having
probably never heard the expression used but in reference to the
district wherein he resided.
Being
asked to go to meeting in the afternoon, he refused, stating that Mr.
Marsh had insulted him ; ' for blast
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
him,' said he, "when he prayed
for the destruction of Satan's kingdom, he very well knew all my interests lay there."
range of secondary country which
extends along Connecticut river as
"Xew Haven, Vt.
that stream, crosses into this county,
Addison
is
various,
The
of this town
consisting of marl, clay
co.
soil
and loam, and is generally productive.
The waters of Otter creek,
Middlebury river, and Little Otter
creek give the town a good water
power. There are some manufactures in the town, but agriculture
the chief pursuit of the inhabiHaven lies 30 miles
W. S. W. from Montpelier, and 7
is
tants.
New
N. W. from Middlebury.
County,
Ct,
Chief town, JVew Haven.
Haven county
is
New
bounded N. by
and Hartford counties,
E. by Middlesex county, S. by
Long Island Sound, and West by
Litchfield county and the Housatonic river, which separates it from
Fairfield county. Its average length
from east to west is about 26 miles,
and its width from north to south 21
miles; containing 540 square miles,
This county, lyor 345,600 acres.
ing on Long Island Sound, has a very extensive maritime border, but
Litchfield
is chiefly confined
Its fisheharbor.
ries of oysters and clams, and other
It is intersectfish, are valuable.
ed by several streams, none of them
of very large size, but of some value for their water power and fish.
Of these the principal are the Pomperaug and Naugatuc, on the west
its
foreign trade
to
New Haven
Quinnipiac, Menunkatuc, West and
Mill rivers, on the east. The Quinnipiac is the largest, and passes
through extensive meadows. The
by
the New Haven and Northampton
canal, which passes through this
county from north to south. There
county
is
intersected centrally
is a great variety of soil in this
county, as well as of native vege-
24*
Middletown,
far as
there
The
leaves
and terminates at New Haven.
This intersection of the primitive
formation, by a secondary ridge, affords
a great
and materials
variety
of minerals,
for different soils.
The population of this county in
1820, was 39,616; 1830,43,847:—
81 inhabitants to a square mile.
The manufacturing business is quite
extensive in the county, and in
1837 it contained 23,895 sheep.
NeAv Haven,
First set-
tled, 1769. Population, 1830, 1,834.
New Haven
table and mineral productions.
Ct.
New
Haven, city and town, the
chief town of New Haven county,
and the semi-capital of the state of
Connecticut, is 76 miles N. E. from
New
York, and 300 from Washing-
ton city, in latitude (Yale College
Observatory) 41° 18' 30" N., and
W. longitude 72° 55'. It is situated on a large and pleasant plain,
around the head of a bay which
sets up four miles from Long Island Sound.
This plain is nearly
level, and is partially enclosed by an
amphitheatre of lofty hills, and bytwo bold eminences called East and
West rocks, which vary in height
from 330 to 370 feet. These rocks,
which consist of trap, terminate in
naked precipitous fronts, and are
conspicuous and beautiful objects
On the west, the
plain is limited by a small stream
called West river, and on the east
by the Quinnipiack, which is navigable for several miles.
Another
stream, called Mill river, passes
through the eastern part of the city
and enters the harbor in union with
the Quinnipiack.
Haven was planted in April,
1638, by a company from London,
under the direction of Theophilus
in the landscape.
New
Eaton and John Davenport. These
two men, in the language of Mather, were " the Moses and Aaron"
of this new settlement and what;
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTE Eil.
very many of thera adorned
with lofty elms, which in the sumdations of civilized society in this mer season contribute much to the
part of New England, must be as- beauty and comfort of the place.
cribed in a great measure to them. The number of shade trees throughThough the government which out the city is uncommonly large,
was established was extremely pop- and they constitute one of its most
Most of the
ular in its form, these men with- attractive features.
out doubt were looked up to for dwellincf houses are distino'uished
Withdevising and executing the most for simplicity and neatness.
important measures. Their " com- in a few years the style of buildpany," as it was called, appear to ing has greatly improved, and many
have had entire confidence in their private houses have been erected
sound judgment, ability and integ- and are now going up, which disrity ; and they did notning to for- play much elegance and architectural taste.
The houses are comfeit the good opinion of their followers.
Their influence in all the monly detached, and supplied with
concerns of the colony, especially court yards and gardens ornamented with trees and sbrvibbery, and
in what respected the form of government, the means of education, the eye is thus gratified with a deand the institutions of religion, lightful union of the country and
must have been constant and com- the city.
There are two principal public
manding.
In 1784, New Haven was incor- squares. The first, commonly callporated as a city, the limits of which ed the Green, is in the centre of
on the northwest fall within those the original town, and comprises
of the town, so that Westville, a in all a little more than sixteen
settlement on the foot of West Rock, acres.
It is divided into tv>'o secis excluded from the former. About
tions by Temple street, which is
one half of the village of Fair Ha- lined with ranges of stately and
ven, in the eastern portion of the over-arching elms, and is considered
town, lies within the bounds of the one of the finest streets in the city.
city.
The area of the town is about The eastern section of the Green is
eight, and that of the city about six entirely free from buildings.
On
square miles.
The harbor is well the western section, facing the S.E.,
protected and spacious, but the wa- stand 3 churches, two Congregationter is shallow.
wharf extends al, built of brick, and one Episcointo the harbor about three quar- pal, of stone: all of these buildters of a mile.
ings are of excellent appearance.
The original town is a square, In the rear of the centre church
half a mile on each side, and subdi- stands the state house. These four
vided by streets four rods in width, buildings, taken in connexion with
into nine squares, the central one the line of college edifices on the
of which is reserved for public uses. next square beyond, and with the
Most of the squares are further di- surrounding scenery, constitute a
vided by intern>3diate streets. At group not often equalled in this
the present day, this original plot country.
The state house is a
comprises less than half of the in- structure of great size and admirahabited part of the city.
Streets ble proportions.
The porticos are
and avenues have been opened on modelled from those of the temple
every side, and many of them have of Theseus, at Athens, and the
ever there was of good or evil, of
or folly, in laying the foun-
f
lar;
wisdom
A
become thickly
settled.
The
streets
are in general, spacious and regu-
building,
has
an
viewed
air
of
at a short distance,
uncommon beauty
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
The population of the town, including the city, was in 1820,
8,326 r in 1830, 10,678 ; in December, 1833, 12,199, of whom 11,567
The numwere within the city.
ber of inhabitants in 1837, was esti-
On the northern
majesty.
corner of this section stands the
methodist church.
and
Wooster Square, which
lies in
comthe eastern part of the city,
prises five acres, and has recentnumly been planted with a large
mated
various kinds.
moderate estimate, one thousand
persons from abroad are constantly
here for the purposes of receiving
situated
opposite the northern angle of the
original town plot, and encloses
seventeen acres and two thirds. It
divided bv avenues and alleys
The Public Cemetery
is
instruction.
is
length
into family fots, 32 feet in
and IS in breadth. There is a grave
and silent grandeur in this place ;
would appear more beautiful
were it shaded by native trees in
hut
it
Lomhardy poplars.
State Hospital is located at
New Haven. It is a large and
commodious building of stone, very
elevated
favorably situated on
ground, in the western part of the
stead of
The
city.
One
daily and four
weekly news-
papers, and one religious weekly
The
sheet, are published here.
Daily Herald was the earliest daily
p^per issued
in this state,
it
at 14,000.
As a seat of education. New
Haven is justly celebrated. At a
ber of native ornamental trees of
Vale College is one of the most
ancient and celebrated institutions
of learning in the country, and numbers among her academical graduates, 4,824 persons.
The Mineral Collection, well
known as the most extensive in the
country, occupies a spacious and
well lighted apartment.
The Telescope belonging to the
college was made by Dolland, and
prese'nted by Mr. Sheldon Clark,
It is an achromatic of
of Oxford.
aperture and ten feet
five inches
an
focal length, and is considered
instrument of great excellence.
having
been commenced here November
See Re£:ister.
Beside's the College libraries, there
of
are in the city several libraries
and importance.
The other periodical considerable extentbelonging to Mr.
1832.
them, that
Among
publications of the place, are the
IthielTown deserves to be particuYale Literary j\Ias;azine, edited
precious
larized. This is a large and
by the students of Yale College ;
of books, principally on
Spectator, collection
the Quarterly Christian
other fine arts,
reputation, architecture and the
a work of established
of
together with many volumes
which began as a monthly in 13iy,
It is
and rarity.
of that series gi^at antiquity
and after ten volumes
lithe most complete architectural
its
26
been completed, adopted
present form, in which it has reachthe
ed its tenth volume ; and
Journal of Science and
American
Arts, edited by Professor Silliman.
had
This important periodical was commenced in 1819, and has arrived at
outlived
the 35th volume, having
many
of
its
temporaries.
done
much
early European
con-
work which has
the advancement of
It is a
for
on
science, and reflects great honor
as
the nation and city of its birth,
well as on its distinguished editor.
It is
brary in the United States.
in
placed beyond the reach of fire,
elegant building on Hillhouse
an
in
avenue. In 1837, there were
New Haven 43 well conducted
academies and private schools,
some cf which were of an elevated
public
character for females. The
Ihe
well sustained.
schools are
is
annual expenditure for schools
$30,000. The whole number
about
of p'.jpilsis about 2,500.
There areinNe\\ Haven several
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
institutions for the promotion of the
science, industry and comfort of its
inhabitants.
New Haven
capital,
employs an extensive
and a large number of per-
sons.
The Connecticut Academy of Arts
The foreign commerce of New
and Sciences was incorporated in Haven is principally confined
to
It has published one volume the West
1799.
India Islands, with which
of Memoirs, (8 vo. 1810—1813, pp.
;) but since the establishment of
Prof. Silliman's Journal of Science,
412
their
Memoirs have appeared
in that
work.
The American Geological Society was incorporated in 1819.
Its collection of specimens is connected with the mineral cabinet of
Yale College.
The Yale JVatural History
So-
ciety has existed four years, and
has a considerable collection of
birds, shells, minerals, plants, &c.
Its transactions have hitherto been
made public through Prof. Silliman's Journal of Science.
The
a considerable trade
Tonnage of the
A
es
daily
The
many
difficulties
ments,
is
a
new
;
among which are boots, shoes, carpets, and rugs of a superior quality,
stoves, locks, paper, books, hats,
tin
iron
and
cabinet
castings,
wares, muskets,
machinery, sashes,
window blinds, &c.
The manufacturing interest of
now
Northamp-
New
A
and embarrass-
way to give
the business of
line of packet boats
in a fair
impulse
the city.
runs daily
The JVew and
New
New Haven and
ton Canal connects the waters of
Connecticut river at the latterplace,
with the harbor of this city. This
great work, having surmounted
tution of great utility.
Haven Horticultural Society and
the Orphan Asylum are well supported and highly beneficial.
The mechanics of
Haven
have long been distinguished for
their industry, intelligence and love
of knowledge.
As early as 1807
they established the Mechanics' Society, for the promotion of the useful arts, and the encouragement of
industry and merit. The society
is in a prosperous condition.
The
young mechanics have, moreover,
established for their mutual improvement, the Young Mechanics'
Institute.
The plan has been prosecuted with zeal and success.
The Institute has a cabinet of minerals
a collection of philosophical
apparatus, and several hundred volumes of books. The manufactures
of New Haven are numerous;
communication with that
city.
is
insti-
carried on.
1837,
9,559 tons.
line of packets plies between
this and New York city, and an excellent line of steam-boats furnish-
Mutual Aid Association
an
is
district, in
to
between Northampton
Haven, and promises to
be well sustained.
The
New Haven
and Hartford
Rail- Road is now in the course of
construction, and will probably be
completed during the present year.
finished it must prove of
great importance to the interests of
When
the place.
The village of Fair Haven is
built on both sides the Quinnipiack,
and about one half of it lies within
the limits of the city of
Haven.
This village has grown to its
present importance with great rapid-
New
and now carries on an extensive and thriving business.
It has
two churches, and a large and prosperous high school, known as the
Fair Haven Institute.
The village of Westville contains
about 700 inhabitants.
Manufactures and agriculture constitute the
ity,
chief business of the place.
New Haven may justly boast of
many distinguished men who made
that
city their favorite
The names
residence.
David Wooster,
of Nathan Whiting, of Roger Sherman, of James Hillof
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER
HOUSE, and many others, will never be forgotten.
How large a part of the United
States is indebted for its prosperity
genius of Eli
to the inventive
"Whitney, late a citizen of
" The commerce, the
Haven ?
business of the world, has been essentially modified and increased
through the operation of his principal invention, the cotton gin ; and
the substantial convenience and enjoyment of mankind have, by the
same means, been extended and are
extending, to a degree which no
man can calculate."
This City of Groves is a very
delightful place
it probably concentrates more charms than any
city of its age and population in the
world.
New
:
Newingtou,
Rockingham
co.
TS,
The
soil is
genex-
;
cepting near the waters, where it
yields good crops of grain and grass.
At Fox point, in the N. W. part of
the
town,
Piscataqua
thrown over the river
bridge
to
Goat
is
isl-
and, and thence to Durham shore.
The bridge was erected in 1793, is
2,600 feet long, and 40 wide ; cost
Newington was origin$65,401.
ally a part of Portsmouth and Dover,
and was early settled. It was disannexed, and incorporated in July,
1764.
Newington was among the settlements early exposed to the ravages of the Indians. In May, 1690,
a party of Indians, under a sagamore of the name of Hoophood, attacked Fox point, destroyed several houses, killed 14 persons, and
They were imtook 6 prisoners.
mediately pursued by the inhabitants, who recovered some of the
captives and a part of the plunder,
after a severe action, in which
Hoophood was wounded.
Newington is 42 miles E.
Hillsborough co.
This town is
50 miles S. S. W. from Concord, 70
W. S. W. from Portsmouth, and 50
N. W. by W, from Boston.
The
town
watered by many rivulets,
is
by the Souhegan
which is formed by the juncof two streams; the W. issu-
but principally
river,
tion
ing from a small pond on the Pasture mountain, so called
the S.
;
from two ponds in Ashburnham,
Mass., near the base of Watatick
Over this river is a stone
bridge, built in 1817.
It is 156 feet
long, 22 feet wide and 42 feet high,
resting on a single arch of split
cost $3,500.
The first cotstone
ton factory in the state was built in
There are now
this town, in 1803.
4 cotton fixctories, and in other reIpswich has become an
spects
important manufacturing town.
Pratt's and Hoar's ponds contain
Here is fine
about 50 acres each.
pasture land, and under cultivation,
Indian corn, rye, oats, barley, potatoes, beans, turnips, &c., are pro-
hill.
;
New
H.
erally sandy and unproductive
We-4v Ipswiclij W. II,
S.
E,
from Concord, and 5 W. from Portsmouth. Population, 1830, 549.
duced
The
in
abundance.
Ipswich academy was
New
incorporated June 18, 1789.
Its
funds are large.
The principal village is in the
centre of the town, in a pleasant
Many of the
and fertile valley.
dwelling-houses are of brick, and
are elegant in appearance.
New Ipswich was first settled
prior to 1749, and was incorporated
by charter, Sept.
9, 1762.
minister was the Rev.
Stephen Farrar, a native of Lincoln, Mass., where he was born
He was ordained
Oct. 22, 1733.
Oct. 22, 1760 ; died June 23, 1809,
The
first
aged 71.
New Ipswich has produced many who have become eminent as
patriots, merchants, and men of
science.
Population, 1830, 1,673.
Nov
liimei'ick,
Washington
co.
Me.
In 1837,
this
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
W. averages about 26 miles, and
has a medium breadth of about 20
miles.
This county possesses superior maritime advantages, having an
East."
extensive border on Long Island
TXew liOndon, N. H.
SoundjWhich affords numerous bays,
Merrimack co. It is 30 miles W. inlets and harbors. Excepting a small
N. W. from Concord, and 12 E. section, principally in the town of
Population, 1830, Lyme, no portion of the county can
from Newport.
Lake Sunapee separates this be considered as mountainous, but it
913.
town from Wendell, and is the is generally hilly and elevated, and
principal source of Sugar river.
comprises a small proportion of alluThere are three considerable ponds. vial. The hills and elevated tracts
Little Sunapee pond, 1 1-2 miles in are considerably rough and stony.
length and 3-4 of a mile in width, The lands in general are not adapted
to grain culture, although upon the
lies in the W. part, and empties its
Har- intervales and other tracts Indian
waters into lake Sunapee.
vey's and Messer's ponds, near the corn is raised to advantage, and to a
The princicentre of the town, are the princi- considerable extent.
They pal agricultural interests depend
pal sources of Warner river.
are about a mile in length and 3-4 very much upon grazing. The waof a mile in breadth, and are sepa- ters of the county are abundant and
On the south it is washed
rated by a bog, many parts of which valuable.
Pleas- more than thirty miles by Long Islrise and fall with the water.
ant pond, in the N. part of New and Sound, part of its western borLondon, is nearly 2 miles long and der by Connecticut river, and the
The settlements of New interior of the county is watered and
1 wide.
London are formed principally on fertilized by the Thames and its
The branches. The fishing business is
three large swells of land.
more extensively carried on in this
soil is deep and generally good.
In the N. part are several eleva- county than in any other section of
tions.
In some parts the land is the state, and is an important branch
The manufacturing
rocky, but there is little not capable of industry.
of cultivation.
New London was business is carried on to considerincorporated in 1779.
Its tirst name
able extent in the northern part of
the county, and is increasing.
was Dantzick.
The damage sustained by the inIn 1837, this county contained
habitants of this town, by the vio- 41,387 sheep.
Population, in 1820,
lent whirlwind of Sept. 9, 1821, was 35,943 ; 1830, 42,201
81 inhabitestimated at ^9,000.
large rock ants to a square mile.
The tonnage
lying out of the ground, 100 feet of the district of New London, in
long, 50 wide and 20 high, was 1837, was 41,626 tons.
rent into two pieces, and thrown
New liOiidon, Ct.
about 20 feet asunder.
One of the shire towns of New
Ne^v liondon County, Ct.
London county. The first English
JVew London and JVorwich are settlement in New London comthe county towns.
New London menced in 1646. It is situated on
county is bounded N. by Windham, the west bank of the river Thames.
Tolland and Hartford counties, E. In its territorial limits it is much
by Windham county and the state of the smallest of any town in the
Rhode Island, S. by Long Island state, being about 4 miles in length
Sound, and W.by the county of Mid- from north to south, and averages
dlesex.
Its avei-age length from E.
about 3-4 of a mile in breadth.
town was incorporated it then had
124 inhabitants and produced 1,780
See " Down
bushels of wheat.
;
to
it
:
A
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
The
city of
New London
is
situated
Long
Island Sound,
and is a port of entry.
It is 42
miles southeast from Hartford, 13
south from Norwich, and 53 east
from
Haven,
Population, in
Lon. 72° 9' W., lat.
1830, 4,356.
3 miles from
New
41°
0'
The
25" N.
city
is
princi-
pally built on a declivity, which
descends to the east and south. On
the summit of the liigh ground,
back of the most populous part of
the city, the observer has a fine
prospect of the surrounding country. The city is irregularly laid out,
owing to the nature of the ground
on which
it
is
built,
being
much
incumbered with granite rocks.
The houses are not so handsome in
their outward appearance, as might
be reasonably expected, considering
the wealth of the inhabitants.
In
the course of a few years past, however, a spirit of improvement in this
respect has taken place, and many
buildings have been erected which
are elegant in their appearance.
Some of the streets have been straitened and leveled, by blasting the
granite rocks with which they were
disfigured.
These rocks afford an
excellent material for the construction of buildings, and it is believed
that no city in this country has the
advantages of
London, in this
particular, where the materials for
erecting houses can be found in
The harbor is one of
their streets.
the best in the United States, being
New
large, safe, and
commodious, hav-
It is 3
ing five fathoms of water.
miles long, and rarely obstructed
with ice. During the extreme cold
in January, 1835, while the navigation of the harbor of New York
was closed by the ice, the harbor of
New
London remained open and
degree
as the port of Connecticut
the impediments in which
frequently prevent its being navigable for large vessels fully laden. The
whale fishery and sealing business is
an important branch of commerce.
About a million of dollars is devoted to its prosecution.
In 1834, upwards of thirty ships and 900 men
river,
and boys were employed in
this
business.
The city is defended by two forts,
Fort Trumbull and Fort Griswold.
Fort Trumbull stands on the New
London side of the Thames, about
a mile below the city.
It is situated on the rocky extremity of a peninsula extending eastward into the
river.
This fort is a station for
L'nited States soldiers.
Fort Griswold is on the E. side of the Thames,
on a commanding eminence opposite the city, in the town of Groton.
New London has been rendered
conspicuous for its sufferings during
the revolutionary war, and the theOn the
atre of hostile operations.
6th of September, 1781, a large
proportion of this town v»as laid in
The
ashes by Benedict Arnold.
following account of this transaction
is taken from the Connecticut Gazette, printed at New London, Sept.
7, 1781.
" About daybreak on Thursday
morning last, 24 sail of the enemy's
shipping appeared to the westward
of this harbor, which by many were
be a plundering party
alarm guns were immediately fired, but the discharge of
cannon in the harbor has become so
frequent of late, that they answered little or no purpose. The defenceless state of the fortifications and
the town are obvious to our readers;
supposed
to
after stock
;
few of the inhabitants, who were
advanced towards the
where the enemy were
place
unobstructed.
From the excellent maritime location of New London, the naviga-
a
commercial and fishing business, has ever been the principal
Their
pursuit of the inhabitants.
fine harbor has served in a great
thought likely to make their landing, and manoeuvred on the heights
tion,
equipped,
adjacent, until the enemy about 9
o'clock landed in two divisions, and
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
men each, one of them
Brown's farm, near the lighthouse, the other at Groton Point
about 800
at
the division that landed near the
light-house marched up the road,
keeping up large flanking parties,
who were attacked in different places on their march by the inhabitants,
to
who had
oppose
spirit
their
and resolution
The
progress.
killed and wounded,
they found that further resistance
would be in vain, and resigned the
fort."
See Groton, Ct.
their party
The
town, and set fire to the
stores on the beach, and immediately after to the dwelling-houses lying
on the Mill Cove.
The scattered
fire of our little parties, unsupported
by our neighbors more distant, galled them so that they soon began to
retire, setting fire promiscuously on
their way.
The fire from the stores
communicated to the shipping that
lay at the wharves, and a number
others swung to sinwere burnt
gle fast, and remained unhurt.
" At 4 oclock, they began to quit
the town with great precipitation,
and were pursued by our brave citzens with the spirit and ardor of veterans, and driven on board their
boats.
Five of the enemy were
killed, and about twenty wounded
among the latter is a Hessian captain, who is a prisoner, as are seven
We lost four killed and ten
others.
or twelve wounded, some mortally.
" The most valuable part of the
town is reduced to ashes, and all
the stores. Fort Trumbull, not being tenable on the land side, was
evacuated as the enemy advanced,
and the few men in it crossed the
river to Fort Griswold, on Groton
;
;
Hill,
which was soon
25th,
The
fort
having
in
only
it
about 120 men, chiefly militia hastthey defended it with
the greatest resolution and bravery,
and once repulsed the enemy but
the fort being out of repair, could
not be defended by such a handful
of men, though brave and determined, against so superior a number; and after having a number of
ily collected,
:
transitory
this
scene, February
Anno Domini,
179G, in the 68th
age, and the 12th of his
year of his
Episcopal consecration.
Ingenious without pride, learned
without pedantry, good without severity, he was duly qualified to discharge
the duties of tlie Cliristian and the
Bishop. In the pulpit he enforced Religion ; in his conduct he exemplified
it.
The poor he assisted with his charity ; the ignorant he blessed with his
instruction.
The friend of men, he
ever designed their good 5 the enemy
of vice, he ever opposed it. Christian
dost thou aspire to happiness 1
Seabury has shown the way that leads
!
to
it.
"An epitaph on Captaine Richard
Lord, deceased May 17, 1662.—
JEtatis svBe 51.
....
Bright starre of ovr chivallrie
here
To the state a covnsillovr fvll deare
And to ye trvth a friend of sweete
content
To Hartford towne a silver ornament
Who can deny to poore he was releife
And in composing paroxyies he was
lies
cheife
To marchantes
as a patterne
he might
new by
sea and
stand
Adventring dangers
land."
MeAv Market, W. H.
division that landed at the
point.
the inscription
Here lyeth the body of Samukl
after invested
by the
is
Seabury, D. D. Bishop of Connecticut and Rhode Island^ who departed
main body of the enemy proceeded from
to the
following
on Bishop Seabury's monument
Rockingham
CO.
It lies 36 miles
from Concord, and 12 W. by
from Portsmouth.
Population,
S. E.
S.
1830, 2,013.
Piscassick
i-iver
passes
through
Durham. The Lamprey river washes its N. E. boundary, as does the Swamscot the S.
The soil is good, and agriculE.
tural pursuits are here crowned
with much success.
There are
this
town
into
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
several pleasant and thriving villages, in which are large and valuable manufactures.
Market was originally a
part of Exeter, and was detached
and incorporated, 1727.
Mrs. Fanny Shute, who died in
this town September, 1819, was respected not only for her excellent
qualifies, but the adventures of her
When 13 months old, she
youth.
was taken by a party of Indians,
can-ied to Canada, and disposed of
educated in a nunto the French
nery, and after remaining 13 years
New
—
in captivity,
was redeemed and
re-
stored to her friends.
Daniel Brackett recently died in
town. He weighed 5G0 lbs.
this
Kew
Marlboroiigli, Mass.
Berkshire co. There is a large
pond in this town, and a branch of
Housatonlek liver. The surface is
uneven, and the soil best adapted
It was incorporated in
and lies 135 miles S. W. by
W. from Boston, and 20 S. by E.
Population, in 1837,
from Lenox.
for gi-azing.
175i),
1,570.
There are two caverns in this
The
town, containing stalactites.
manufactures consist of leather,
boots, shoes, chairs, cabinet ware,
and a variety of sawed lumber.
The products of the dairy are considerable, and about 1,600 sheep are
pastured.
Xew
Milford, Ct.
This township is
Litchfield CO.
hilly and broken, several mountainous ridges extending through it.
The soil is much diversified, and
where susceptible of cultivation, it
is generally good ; but on the whole
more distinguished for grain than
There are, however, large
grass.
of excellent meadow
ground, but the pasturage is, on the
whole, not abundant. It is essen-
quantities
farming town. For some
time after the white people come
here, an Indian chief, or sachem,
tially a
25
named Werauliamaug, had
a pal-
standing near the Great falls,
where he resided. On the inner
walls of this palace, (which were
of bark with the smooth side inwards,) were pictured every known
species of beast, bird, fish and insect, from the largest to the smallace
This was said to have been
done by artists whom a friendly
est.
prince at a
him
great distance sent to
Solomon.
to
Hiram did
The town of New
for that purpose, as
Milford was purchased of the Colof Connecticut by a company of
individuals chiefly belonging to JNIilford, and was first settled in 1707.
The first biidge that was ever built
over the Housatonick river, from
the sea to its source was built in this
town in 1737. The village of New
the
Milford is very handsome
streets are wide and well shaded.
It lies 36 nulesN. W. from New
Haven, and IS S. W. fron) Litchfield. Population, 1830,3,979. The
territory of this town is larger than
any other in the state it is 13 by 6
1-2 miles. The town is well watered, and has some manufactures.
There are large quantities of granite ard marble, and the town produces large quantities of grain and
wool for market.
ony
;
:
Ne"»vport, Me.
Penobscot co. This is a fine farming town, and watered by a large
and beautiful pond which empties
It lies 50
into Sebasticook river.
miles N. E. from Augusta and 24
AV. from Bangor. Population, 1S37,
1,088. Wheatci'opsame year, 5,173
bushels. This town contains a pleasant village and some mills.
Ifetvport, X. H.
Shire town, Sullivan county.
Ita
central situation and its Avater power, together with the enterpiising
spirit of its inhabitants, has rendered Newport a place of considerable
business.
It is
40 miles
W.by N.trom
Concord, about 35 N. from Keene,
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
S. E. from Windsor, Vt.
the centre of the town, and
the confluence of the E. and S.
branches of Sugar river and the
Croydon turnpike, is a handsome
village.
In general the soil is rich
ajid productive.
Sugar river flow^s
through this town, and its three
branches unite near the village,
whence it passes through Claremont
into the Connecticut.
On the eastern branch are situated, principally
near the village, large and valuable
manufacturing
establishments.
There are other mills in ditferent
parts of the town.
There are a
few eminences, designated as Bald,
and 14 E.
Near
of the island is very rich, and
under the management of skilful
farmers is made to produce in great
abundance all the varieties of gi-ains,
grasses, vegetai>ies, fruits and flowsoil
ers
common
to its latitude.
remarkable that not only this
island, but the county generally,
It is
should be so fertile.
The pooi-est
lands in New England are generally on the sea board; but as it regards this county, few sections of
the interior present a better soil.
From the earliest settlement of
the country, this county has been
engaged in commerce and the iishThese interests are now in a
evy.
set-
flourishing condition ; and manufacturing establishments are increasing, by the aid of steam power.
In 1S37 there were 37,340
sheep in the county.
tlers
were principally from Killingworth, Ct. Tliis town is noted
Newport county is bound N. by
Mount Hc<r)9 bay, and Bristol coun-
good schools and its various
charitable societies.
Population,
1830, 1,913.
ty,
Coitand East mountains, and BlueNewport was granted
berry hill.
by charter in 1761. The tirst effort towards a settlement was made
in the fall of 17G3.
The
tirst
for its
Newport, Vt.
E. by said county of
by the Atlantic ocean,
and W. by Narraganset bay. Area,
Mass.
Bristol
;
;
S.
136 square miles. Population, 1820,
1830, 16,535.
Population
15,771
to a square mile, 122.
;
This town is sepaOrleans co.
rated from Derby by Memphremagog lake, and is watered by a branch
of Missisque river. It lies 48 miles
N. by E. from Montpelier, and 10
N. from Irasburgh.
Population,
1830, 284.
NcAvport County, R.
I.
JVeivport is the chief town. This
county comprises seven towns and
a number of islands; but the most
interesting section of it is the isl-
and of Rhode Isbnd, from which
the state derives its name.
This
island is about 15 miles in length,
and has a mean breadth of two miles
and a half.
The surface presents an interesting
variety of moderate eminences and
declivities, which render the sceneValuable minery very pleasing.
rals are found on the isbind, and
fossil
coal,
difficult of
found in large
ignition,
quantities.
is
The
Newport, R.
I.
Chief town of Newport county,
and one of ihe seats of the state legIt is in N. latitude 41^ 23'
20", and W. longitude 71^ 21' 14":
5 miles from the sea, 30 miles S.
by E. from Pi-ovidence, 70 S. S. W.
from Boston, and 153 from
York, by water. The township lies
in an irregular and somewhat of a
semicircular form, about 6 miles in
In cohjlength and 1 in breadth.
rnon with the whole island of Rhoie
islature.
New
Island, on
ted,
the
which Newport
soil
is
ii
situa-
remarkably
fertile
and under good cultivation.
The
surface is undulating, presenting a
great variety of delightful scenei-y.
The waters of Narraganset bay at
this place are unrivalled for beauty
and convenience. The harbor of
Newport is considered one of the
it
best on ^the coast of America
:
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
has sufficient depth of water for the
largest class of vessels, is exceedingly easy of access iVosn (he ocean,
and sufficiently capacious to conThis harbor is
tain whole fleets.
admirably defended by forts Wolcott. Green and Adams, and wul!
probably soon become a naval de-
Newport was first settled by
William Codington and his associates
pot,
The growth
town
was so rapid for the first hundred
years, that in 1733 there were 7
in 163S.
of the
worshipping assemblies, and 100 sail
belonged to the port.
of vessels
Newport suffered severely during the revolutionary war, and was
for a long time in possession of the
Alter tlie war it revived
enenjy.
again, but the more favorable location of Piovidence for an interior
commerce, depiived it of a large
portion of its original business.
Newport
however
retains
its
former character for foreign comnumber
merce and the fisheiy.
A
of vessels are now engaged in the
whaling business, and manufacturing establishments have recently
been put into operation by steam
power, which promise success.
Ship and boat building and the manufacture of cordage are carried on
The domestic fisheextensively.
ry is to Newport an important reThere is piobably no place
sourse.
in the world where a greater variety of fish, or of a better quality, are
found. About sixty different kinds,
comprising almost every species of
fin and shell fish, fit for the table, are taken in great abundance
around the shoi-es of Narraganset.
The tonnage of the district of Newport, in 1837, was 11,498 ions.
The compact part of the town is
built on a beautiful site, facing the
harbor in a southeasterly direction.
The main street extends more than
The buildings
a mile in length.
on this and other streets and on
Washington square are neatly built,
and some of them are very handsome
The marks of aoe which
some of these buildings bear, with
the excellent
in
state of preservation
which they appear, give them a
grace not found in
of
many
of those
more modern construction.
Although this ancient town has
passed through
many
vicissitudes
and changes of fortune, still it continues to advance in the number of
its people.
Population, in 1820,
7,319; 1830, 8,010.
Newport is celebrated for its
beauty and the salubrity of its climate.
From these circumstances,
and from the numerous inviting
objects which surround it, it has
become a favorite resort for visitors
and in no
from warmer climates
;
place can
the
summer
season
be
more enjoyed than amid the charms
of Newport.
Oliver Hazzard Perry,
the
Lake Erie, Sept. 10, 1813,
was born at Newport, in 1785.
He died in the West Indies, in 1820.
victor on
A monument is erected to his memory.
TXew Portland, Me.
Franklin co. This town is finely
watered by two branches of Seven
This is one of the
Mile brook.
finest farming towns in the county.
It produced, in 1837, 10,451
Population,
bushels of wheat.
same year, 1,476. This town has a
pleasant village, a number of
mills and other manufactories.
saw
It
48 miles N. N. W. from Augusta, and 18 N. by E. from FarmingIncorporated, 1808.
ton.
lies
NcM'ry, Me.
Oxford CO. A branch of Androscoggin river waters this town, and
It
affords it good mill privileges.
lies 63 miles W. from Augusta, and
25 N. W. from Paris. Population,
1837, 412.
Incorporated, 1805.
Ne^v Salem, Mass.
This town is bounded N. by Miller's river, and lias a
good water power. It lies 74 miles
Franklin co.
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
W
N. W. from Boston, and 17 E.
from Greenfield. This is a
pleasant town of elevated surface,,
and good soil for grazing. PopulaS. E.
The manufaction, 1837, 1,255.
tures of the town, consist of palmleaf hats, boots, shoes, leather,
straw bonnets, and ploughs. Incorporated, 1753.
^ew gliaron, Me.
Franklin, co. This town is watered on the northwest side by Sandy
river, and is bounded south by Vienna. The soil is admirably adapted to agricultural purposes. PopuWheat ciop,
lation, 1S37, 1,771^
same year, 8,132 bushels.
It lies
26 miles N. W. from Augusta. Incorporated, 1794.
Charles river in this town. The
good, and
is generally very
There are 2
highly cultivated.
woolen, and 5 paper
1
cotton,
mills in the town, and manufactures
soil
of nails, rolled iron, candles, vitriol, barilla, chaises, harnesses, morocco, leather, boots, shoes, machinery, chairs, and cabinet vv aie ;
the value of which, the year end-
ing Apiil
^815,872.
co.
about 14 miles S. S. W. from Judith
Point, and 13 N. E. from Montauk
Point, on Long Island, N. Y. It is
about 8 miles in length, and varies
from 2 to 4 miles in width. It has
several ponds, which cover about a
seventh part of the island.
The
surface of the town is uneven
in
some parts elevated. The soil is a
sandy, gravelly loam, and quite
productive.
This island was once
;
and good daipeople are mostly fishermen they have no harbor, and
peat is their only fuel. Population,
1830, 1,185.
Incorporated, 1672.
Its Indian name was jyianisses.
ries.
:
Kewton, Mass.
Middlesex
co.
A
very beautiand manufacturing
town, the JSTonantum
W. by
of the In-
from Boston,
12 S. E. from Concord, and 7 N.
from Dedham. Charles river washes the borders of this town 15 miles,
and, by two fallsof considerable extent, affords it a great and valuable
water power. Nine bridges cross
dians, 7 miles
S.
to
incorpo-
;
A
Rockingham
co., lies 40 miles S.
Concord, and 27 S. S. W.
from Portsmouth.
Country pond
lies in Newtown and Kingston, and
two other small ponds connect by
outlets with its waters.
The soil
produces good crops of grain or
grass.
Joseph Barllett first settled
in this town, in 1720.
Bai-tlett was
taken prisoner by the Indians at
Haverhill, in 1708, and remained a
captive in Canada about 4 years.
E. from
Population, 1830, 510.
KcM'towii, Ct.
for its cattle
The
ful, agricultural
amounted
Kewtowii, M. H.,
This town com-
prises the island of Block Island.
The island lies in the open sea,
famous
1837,
Newton was
rated in 1691 ; it foimerly comprised the town of Cambridge, and
is noted as the birth place and residence of many distinauished men.
Population, 1830, 2,S11
1837,
Theological Seminary
3,037.
was established in this town, in
1825.
See Begister.
JSfew gSioreliam, K,. I.
Newport
1,
Fairfield co.
This town was incorporated in 1708.
It is watered
by Patatuck river, the Indian name
of the place.
It
lies
25 miles
W.
N. W. from New Haven, 10 E.
from Danbury, and 22 N. from Fairfield.
Population, 1830, 3,100.—
The surface of the town is hilly
;
many
of the eminences are extensive and continuous.
The soil is
principally a gravelly loam, generally fertile and productive.
It is
well adapted to the culture of grain,
and is also favorable for fruit, there
being many valuable orchards in the
town. The borough of Newtown
beautifully situated on high
is
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
commands an extensive
prospect, and contains some handground
it
;
some buildinos.
flourisliing village of
The
Sandy
situated about 1 1-2 miles
N. E. of the central part of Newtown, at the foot of a rocky eminence or bluff, from the top of which
Hook
is
a fine prospect of the surroundfine mill stream
ing country.
(the Patatuck) runs in a northerly
course through the village, at the
base of the cliff, which rises almost
perpendicular to the height of 160
is
A
a cotton factory, at the
Near
feet.
northern extremity of the village,
some
traces of coal
have been
dis-
covered. The village contained, in
1834, 1 cotton, 1 hat, 1 comb and
2 woolen factories. There was also
1 machine shop, and 1 establish-
ment
for
working
brass.
Kc%v Vineyard, Me.
Franklin
co.
This town
is
wa-
tered by a branch of Seven Mile
The surface of the tov.n is
brook.
uneven, but the soil, generally, is
It produced, in 1837,
productive.
Popula7,063 bushels of wheat.
Incorporattion, same year, 870.
it lies 40 miles N. W.
ed, 1802.
from Augusta, and 8 N. by E. from
Farmington.
Jfotoleljorougli,
Me.
Norfolk County, Mass.
This
Chief town, Dedham.
county is hounded N. E. by Boston
harbor, N. by Suffolk county, W.
by the S. E. corner of Worcester
county, S. by the N. E. corner of
the state of Rhode Island, and S.
S. E. and E. by the counties of BrisArea, about
tol and Plymouth.
Population, in
400 square miles.
1820,36,4.52; in 1830, 41,901; in
Taken from Suffolk
1837, 50,399.
county in 1793.
This county has a maritime coast
on Boston harbor of about 12 miles,
which is indented with many small
bays and navigable rivers. Its surface is uneven, and in some parts
Its soil is generally strong
hilly.
and rocky. Much of the dark colored granite, or sienite, is found
A large part of Norfolk
here.
county, particularly those towns
near Boston, is under a high state
of cultivation, and affords fruits and
vegetables in great abundance.
The proximity' of this county to
the capital gives it many facilities ;
and the towns in this, and in the
county of Middlesex, that border
on Boston harbor, may be called the
It contains
Gardens of Boston.
22 towns, and 126 inhabitants to a
square mile. The Charles, Neponset, and Manatiquot are its chief
rivers.
This town lies on
the east side of the upper waters
It is a
of Damariscotta river.
Lincoln
co.
Many
place of considerable trade.
ships are built here, and a large
number of vessels are employed in
the coasting trade. The soil of the
town is generally good, and considerable attention is paid by the inhabitants to agricultural pursuits.
38 miles S. E. from Augusta,
and 11 E. from Wiscasset. PopulaIncor., 1788.
tion, 1837, 1,999.
It lies
No-^Ions-Iiand, Mas-s.
A
ledge of rocks,
Dukes CO.
the most southern part of the state.
It lies 7 miles S. from Gay Head.
25*
In 1837, this county contained
The value of the
2,054 sheep.
manufactures in the county, the
year ending April 1, 1837, was
The value of the
$6,466,010.
fishery, the same year, wa§ $244,927.
Norfolk, Ct.
The settlement
Litchfield co.
It lies
of Norfolk began in 1744.
35 miles W. N. W, from Hartford,
and 17 N. from Litchfield. Population, 1830, 1,485.
This town is elevated and mounThe soil is a primitive,
tainous.
2;ravelly loam, generally cold and
stony, but has considerable depth.
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
and
good grazing. Formerquantities of sugar were
from the maple more than
ed the 23d of August, 1833, by
Bishop Fenwick, to his memory.
have been manufactured
standing on a square base of the
same material, having the following inscription
Sebastianus Rasles natione Galluse Societate Jesu missionius, per
aliquot annos Illinois et Huronibus
priinum evangelanns, deinde per
34 annos Abenaquis, fide et charitate Christi verus Apostolus, periculus arinoruui intenitus se pio suis
oribus mori paratum soepius testificans, inter arma et cocdes ac Pagi
affbrds
ly large
made
:
20,000
lbs.
but since the
a single season
land has been cleared by progressive settlements, and in consequence
of the destruction of the maple
trees by some tornadoes, the business has greatly declined.
The
dairy business comprises the principal interests of the town.
stream, called Blackberry river,
runs near the centre of the place,
and a little westward of the congregational church falls over a ledge
of rocks 30 feet in height.
This is
an excellent site for mills, of which
there are several near this spot.
in
;
A
There is a handsome village, with
an open square or green in front of
the church, which is uncommonly
neat and beautiful in its appearance.
About half a mile north is another
village, in which are 'two woolen
and three scythe factories.
Norridgewocic, Me.
Chief town of Somerset co. This
town is situated on both sides of
Kennebec
It is a plain granite
pyraoiidal shaft,
:
Norridgewock,
Nanarantsouak
et
Ecclesiae suae minas, hoc in ipso
loco, cecidit tandem optimus pastor,
die 23 Augusti, A. D. 1724, ipsi et
Christo defunctis Monuposuit Benidictus Fenwick, Espiscopus Bostoniensis dedicavitque 23 Augusti, A. D. 1S33.
A. M. D. G.
filius in
mentum hoc
Nonidgewock
village
is
situated
on the north side of the river, directly in the bend, five miles west
of Skowhegan falls.
It is one of
the most pleasant and delightful
villages, especially in the
summer,
28 miles N.
from Augusta. Incorporated, 178S.
Population, 1837, 1,955.
Its sur-
street ia
lined with ornamental trees, some
of them venerable for age and mag-
is diversified with hills of a
moderate elevation, the soil various,
but generally good and well culti-
nitude, extending their long arms
quite across the street, forming a
beautiful avenue from east to west.
On the south side of the river, connected by a bridge, is a pleasant and
rapidly increasing village.
The public buildings consist of
a church and court house, on the
north side of the river, and on the
south, a female academy, and a free
church at "Oak Hill," about 5
miles from the village.
This section of country is remarkable for its luxuriant giowth of the
few years since, one
white pine.
of these trees was cut for a canoe
the
river,
face
w;jeat"crop,
vated.
hushel'j.
the
site
1837, 10,299
This town was formerly
of the celebrated tribe
of
Norridgewock Indians. Their village was situated at the foot of Norridgewock falls, in the N. W. part
of the town, and the border of Madison.
The tribe had a church, the
bell of which was dug up a few
years since, and placed in the cabinet at Bowdoin college. The tribe
was destroyed by a party of 1G8
men, sent out from Massachusetts
for that puipose, commanded by
Capt. Moulton, on the afternoon of
August 23, 1724. Among the killed was the noted Jesuit missionary, Ralle. A monument was erect-
The main
in the state.
A
Its lergth was 154 feet and measur
ed 4 1-2 feet in diameter.
North Hampton, N. H.,
Rockingham
co.,
formerly con-
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
sfituting the parish
called
J\''orth
Hill,^n Hampton, lies on the sea
coast 50 miles S. E. by E. from
Concord, and 9 S. by W. from Ports-
mouth.
Little river rises in the low
grounds in the north part of the
town, and after running southeast
one or two miles, takes an east
course, falling into the sea between
Little Boar's head, in this town and
Great Boar's head, in Hampton.
Winnicut river rises near the centre of the town, and passes northwest into Great bay.
in 1742, the
town was incorporated. Population,
1830, 767.
]\^ortliainptoii,
Mass.
Chief town of Hampshire co. This
is a very beautiful town, delightfully situated on the west bank of Connecticut river, and united to Hadley
by a bridge. Since the first settlements on the Connecticut basin,
this town lias been an important
point of attraction.
This was the
thii-d town settled on Connecticut
river in this state.
Its Indian name
was JVonatuck. The soil of the
town is alluvial and its products exuberant.
Both before and since the
division of the old county into three,
this place has been the seat of jusThebuildings are handsome,
tice.
and the most important county offices are ^rc proof.
A tine stream
passes through the centre of the
town, possessing a good water power, on which are manufactories and
mills of vaiious kinds.
The manufactures of Northampton consist of woolen and silk goods,
boots, shoes, leather, paper, brooms,
chairs, iron, tin, and cabinet wares,
&c. ; total value the year ending
April 1, 1837, about $350,000. The
manufacture of sewing silk, ribbons, &c., is on a large scale, and
the most flourishing establishment
of the kind in this country.
In
1837, there were 3750 sheep sheared in the town ; the value of the
wool was $7,075.
This place has considerable river
and inland commerce, which will
be increa ed by the Hampshire and
Hampden canal, which meets the
Connecticut river here and terminates at
New
Haven.
This town was incorporated, in
1654 ; population, 1820, 2,854, and in
1S37, 3,576.
It is 91 miles W. from
Boston, 67 E. from Albany, 39 N.
from Hartford, 22 S.from Greenlield,
17 N. by V»'. from Spiingfield, and
376 from Washington.
There are many
institutions of a
religious character in
this town, and its schools are of the
first order.
The country aiound
the town is enchanting, and those
literary and
who visit Mount Holyoke, 830 feet
above the river, on the east side, or
Mount Tom, 1,200 feet above the
river, on the west side, will find
a wonderful variety of landscape
scenery, probably unsurpassed in
beauty by any in the New England States.
ZVorth Bervi'ick, Me.
York
CO.
This town was incor-
porated in 1831, and was taken fioni
the east side of Berwick.
It comprises a fine tract of land ; it is well
watered and very pleasant.
lation, 1837, 1,493.
S.
W.
Popu-
91 miles
from Augusta, and 13 N. W.
It lies
from York.
Nortliborougli, Mass.
Worcester co. This is a pleasant
farming town, of good soil, and watered by Assabet river.
It was incorporated in 1766, and lies 32 miles
W. from Boston, and 10 N. E. from
Worcester.
Population, 1830, 994
— 1S37, 1,224.
The manufactures of the (own
consist of cotton goods, boots, shoes,
leather, children's wagons, &,c.; annual amount about ^'75,000.
Nortlx Brauford, Ct.
New Haven
co.
This town was
incorporated in 1831, and was taken
range ot" mouufrom Branford.
A
�NE W ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
tains from the southwest to northeast passes through the central part
The inhabitants are
of the tOA^n.
gen3!ally substantial farmers, and
property is very equally distributed.
The face of the township is generally hilly, but the soil is strong and
fM-tile.
It lies 9 miles E. from
N3\v Flaven.
Population, 1832,
1,1 )0
About a mile southeast of the
No.-thford church, on Tetoket mountain, there is the appearance of having been,
at
some remote penod,
sOiUe violent convulsions in nature;
the rocks appear to have been rent
asunder, and are thrown about in
great disorder. Lead is said to have
been found near this spot, a mass
of it being discovered by a person
who was hunting, at the time of
the first settlement of the parish:
he hung up a pair of buck's horns
to designate the spot, but the place
could not be found afterwards.
RTortlibridge, I^Iass.
Vv'orcester
co.
The Blackstone
river and canal pass through
t!iis
pleasant manufactui-ing and agricultural town.
It has some excellent intervale land, and the soil of
the uplands produces grass, grain,
and vegetables in abundance. The
river here is beautiful, and produces
a great hydraulic power.
The
manufactures of the town consist
of cotton and woolen goods, cotton
and other small streams which empty into the Taunton. The surface of
the town is uneven, but the soil is
of a good quality, particularly for
Incorporated, 1821.
of the town
consist of cotton goods, boots, shoes,
hats, chairs, shoe tools, forks, hoes,
cabinet and wooden wares, &c.
total amount, the year ending April
1, 1837, $230,700.
We regret that this very pleasant town was not called Tlticut
or jYunketest, one of the Indian
names of the ancient territory.
This town was the first of the
three Bridgev^aters thathave sprung
grazing.
The manufactures
from Old Bridgewater, named after a
celebrated English Duke.
We can
see no good cause for attaching a
cardinal point of the compass to the
of any town, particularly one
of foreign derivation, when some
beautiful Indian name meets the ear
on the bank of almost every stream.
Had the noble Duke bequeathed to
good old motiier Bridgewater and
name
her three handsome daughters, (as
he did to the city of Manchester, )the
perpetual privilege of obtaining 140
pounds of coal (ov four pence, there
would appear some reason for perpetuating and extending the name.
.Some just remarks on the names
of towns appeared in the Providence Journal, which are worthy
of repetition.
"
Ijn"diajN-
Names.
The new
machinery, boots, shoes, &c. value, the year ending April 1, 1837,
Michigan has passed one
of the most sensible laws that was
$2? 1,000.
ever enacted. Its object is to preserve the noble and harmonious old
Indian names, which have been given to every river and lake and forest and mountain in our country,
and which, by a bad taste, have in
:
Northbridge lies 35 miles S. W.
by W. from Boston, and 13 S. E.
from Worcester.
Incorporated,
1772.
Population,
1337, 1,409.
1S30,
KTortli Bridge-ivater,
Plymouth
1,053;
Mass.
co.
This town lies 20
from Boston, 24 N. W. from
Plymouth, and 10 S. S. W. from
Weymouth Landing. Population,
1830, 1,953; 1837, 2,701.
It is
well watered bv Salisbury river
miles
S.
state
of
many instances, been displaced by
the hackneyed names of European
cities, or of distinguished men. The
law provides that no town shall be
named after any other place or after any man, without first obtaining the consent of the Legislature.
The consequence
is,
that
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
Michigan
Pinis and
Amsterdam
slates,
sister
she
London,
of
destitute
is
;
unlike her
boasts
neitlier
Thebe-;, Palmyra, Carthage or Troy.
No collection of log huts, wiih half
a dozen gioccry stores, has been
honored with the appellation of Liverpool, nor has any embi-yo city,
with a college or an academy, received the appropriate name of
Athens. She has no Moscow and
Morocco, in the same latitude ; and
noEdinburgh and Alexandria within
thirty miles of each other.
Babylon, Sparta and Corinth, though they
have been transplanted to other
parts of the Union, are destined never to flourish on the soil of Michigan.
No Fi'anklin or Greene or
Jefferson, no Washington, is to be
found in her borders. On the contrary, her rivers and lakes still retain the full, rich, swelling names
which were bestowed upon them by
men
towns
of the forests, and her
bear the names of the sturdy
chiefs
who once
the red
battled or hunted
Strange, when we
have such a noble nomenclature as
the Indians have left us, that we
should copy from the worn out
names of ancient cities, and which
awake no feelings but ridicule, by
the conti-ast between the old and the
new. Mohawk, Seneca, Massasoit,
Ontario, Erie, how infinitely supe-
in their streets.
rior
to
Paris,
London,
Fishville,
Buttertown, Bungtown, &c. The
feeling which prompts us to perpetuate the names of our revolutionary
heroes by naming towns after them,
is highly lionorable ; but it should
not be forgotten that frequent repcases where
unworthy of its
namesake) renders the name vulgar
etition (especially
the town
is
force of public opinion."
Xortli Brookiield, Mass.
Worcester
This town
co.
on
is
elevated ground it is of good soil,
well cultivated, well watered and
very pleasant.
It has a tine lish
pond, and lies 68 miles W. from
Boston, and IS W. from Worcester:
taken fiom Brookfield in 1802.
Population, 18.30, 1,241; 1837,1,509.
The agricultural products sent to
market are very considerable. The
manufactures of the town consist
of boots and shoes, woolen cloth,
leather, &.c., the value of which for
the year endins; April 1,1837, was
:
which $470,31G was
^525,224
;
for boots
and shoes.
of
Kortlifield, Vt.
Washington
This town
co.
lies
10 miles S. S. W. from Montpelier,
and 35 E from Burlington. Population in 1830, 1,412. First settled,
178-5.
The principal stream in this
town is Dog river, which runs
through it in a northerly direction,
and aifiTords a-great number of valuThe surface
able mill privileges.
is uneven, but the soil is generally
good and easily cultivated. In the
centre of the town is a neat, pleasant and flourishing village, containing a number of saw miils and other
mechanical operations by water.
Me.
Nortlifield,
See "
Incorporated 1838.
East."
Nortlifield,
Down
'N. II.,
in
utterly
and ridiculous. It seems, that not
content with driving the Indians
froni the soil, we are anxious to obliterate every trace of their existence.
We
Michigan will be followed, if not
by legal enactments, at least by the
of
are glad to see a better taste
beginning to prevail upon this subject, and we hope that the example
bounded N. by
Winnepisiogee river, and W. by
the Merrimack.
It is 14 miles N.
from Concord, and 10 W. by S. of
Merrimack
Gilmanton.
co., is
The
some parts good
soil
— that
here
of the
is
in
best
quality lies on the two i-idges exChestending through the town.
nut pond lies in the east part of the
town, and its waters flow into the
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
Winnepisiogce three miles fiom
extensively sand
covered with a
stratum of loam ; light but
warm, '^edv the nortiiei-n line of
its
;
jiiiiclioii
with the Pcniigewiisset.
Soiulogardy pond tiows into the
thin
Merrimack, Near V. ebster's falls,
the Winnepisiogce falls into the
and
Peinigcvvasset,
the
united
the town it is so light as, in two or
three places of small extent, to be
blown into diifts. The soil of the
hills is good, being a reddish loam.
Fiom the vicinity of this town to
streams form the Merrimack liver.
The
principal elevation, called
Bean
New
separates the town from Canterbury.
Northfield foinierly pos.sessed valuable water privileges on
the Winnepifiogee river, but this
pojtion of its territory is embraced
hy the new town of Franklin.
The first settlement was made here
hill,
in 17()0,by
warm
early vegetation, there are various
culinary vegetables, particularly
peas, cultivated for the New Haven market. But the most striking
feature in the township, is the lai'ge
and beautiful tract of salt meadows
on both sides of the Quinnipiac.
These meadows
produce large
quantities of giass, which is n:ovved and stacked upon the land, fiom
whence, when the giound is frozen
sufficiently solid in the winter, it is
removed. Upon the salt marsh the
hay is salt; but on those meadows
which are pi-otected from the salt
water by means of dikes, the giass
is fresh and of a better quality.
These are called dike marshes or
meadows. The making of brick
leceives considei-able attention in
this town.
Four and a half millions
of them are manufactured annually,
and principally sold in New Haven.
The village is very pleasant, and
was, for more than half a century,
the residence oi Dr. Trumbull,
tht, celebrated historian of Connec-
Benjamin Blanchardand
A
others.
methodist church was
fcniicd here in ISOG.
Incoi-porated
June
19,
17S0.
Population, ISoO,
BTortliiield, TSIass.
Franklin co. This is an interesting town, on bo'h sides of Connecticut liver.
It was incoiporated in
1673, and some j^^ears after desolated
by the Indians. The inhabitants
returned again in 1685, but it was
soon after destroyed a second time.
Ln 1713, it was again rebuilt.
Fort
Dumnier
w-as in the vicinity.
town was purchased
This
the Indians
in 1687, for 200 fathoms of wampum
and £57 value of goods.
Its Indian
name was Squawkea^. Most of the
land in this town is excellent, and
28 miles
the village vei-y pleasant
below Walpole, N. H., 11 N. E.
from Greentield, and 83 N. W, by
W. from Boston. Northfield produces fine cattle, and considerable
wool.
The manufactures of the
town consist of leather, boots, shoes,
ploughs, chairs and cabinet ware.
Population, 1S37, 1,605.
of
:
Nortli
New Haven
was taken from
Haven,
co.
ticut.
Ezra Stilks, D. D., president
of Yale college, was born in this
town, in 1727, and died in 1795. He
delighted in preaching the gospel to
the poor.
Among the members of
his
Ct.
North Haven
New Haven
in 1786.
The
tov/n lies on both sides of the
WallingfordjOr Quinnipiac river, and
comprises the valley and a part of
the bordering hills.
The vaiit-y is
partly rich intervale land, and more
Haven, and from its light and
soil, which is favorable for
I
church
at
Newport were seven
These occasionally met
negroes.
in his study, when he instructed
them, and falling on their knees together he implored for them and for
himself the blessing of that God
with whom all distinction excepting that of Christian excellence is
In the cause of civil
as nothing.
and religious liberty. Dr. Stiles was
an enthusiast. He contended, that
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
the right of conscience and private
judgment was unalienable
and
that no exigencies of the Christian
church could render it lawful to
erect any body of men into a standing judicatory over the churches.
He engaged with zeal in the cause
of his country.
He thought, that
the thirtieth of January, whicli was
obscr^^ftd by the Episcopalians in
commemoraiion of the martyrdom
of Charles I, " ought to be celebrated as an anniversary thanksgiving,
that one nation on earth had so much
fortitude and public justice, as to
make a royal tyrant bow to the sovereignty of the people."
He was
catholic in his sentiuVents, for his
heart was open to receive all who
loved the Lord Jesu^ in sincerity.
'H^ was conspicuous for his benevolence, as well as for hi^ learning
He was a man of low
and piety.
stature, and of a sm:iil, though well
His voice was
p.-oportioned form.
His counteclear and energetic.
nance, especially in convei-sation,
wa< expressive of benignity and
railJneis; but if occasion required,
it beome the index of majesty and
authority.
;
ISJortlx
Hero, Vt.
Chief town, Grand r>le CO. This
town was granted to Ethan Allen
an others in 1779, and the settleThe
ment commenced in 1733.
I
British erected a block house here,
at a place called Dutchman's Point,
whic"^! wa < garrisoned and not given
up till 17i>oi The soil of the township is of an excellent quality, and
pro luces grain of all kinds in abunThe county buihlings are
dan-e.
well situated, and the scenery about
it
the villa'j;c is very pleasant.
from Montpelies r»7 miles N.
lier, and 2^ N. N. 'vV. f-oti BurlingPop ilation, 1S30, G3j.
ton.
W
.
Nortli Kingston, R.
I-
Washington co. This is a w .^althy
township on the west si<le of Narragaaset bay, 21 miles S. from Prov-
idence, 10 N. W. from Newport,
and 8 N. from South Kingston.
The surface of the town is uneven ;
the soil is a gravelly loam, well
adapted for the culture of grain and
vegetables, and the productions of
the dairy.
There are some forests
in the town of good ship timber.
It is
watei-ed by several small
streams which produce a good water
power, on which are numerous manufacturing establishments.
These
streams atibrd bass and other tish in
abundance. There is considerable
navigation owned at North Kingston,
which
is
employed
in the coast-
ing trade and fishery.
IVickford villaf^e, in this town,
very pleasant and tlourishing: it
has a good harbor, and is a place of
considerable trade.
It lies abosit 2
is
miles
road.
east of the Stonington railPop. of the town, 1330, 3,037.
KortJiport, Mc.
Waldo
This town is bofindeU
CO..
on the east by Penobscot and BelIt is well watered by
fast bays.
several ponds and small stream-: the
The
soil is good and productive.
navigable advantages of the place
Cond.lerable ship buildare great.
ing is carried on here, and tijcre is
considerable trade in the lumber
and coasting business. It lies -la
miles E. from Au2:;usta and 6 S. from
Population, 1337, 1,107.
Belfixst.
K^ortli
Providence, R.
I.
Providence CO. This ancient ^nd
wealthy town was a part of Piovidenee until 17G7. Population, in
ISIO, 1,753; 1820, 2,120; 1J3J,
3,5)3.
The surface of this town U uneven, condsting of moderate ele' aThe
tions and gentle declivities.
roeks are p.-imi'ive and trand'.ioa:
some limestone is found.
The prevailing soil is a gravelly
loam, which is interspersed with
ti-acts of sandy loun, and so iie of
The forests con ist of
calcareous.
oak, walnut and so.iic
pine
;
and
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
agricuUiiral
hay, corn,
grass,
Besides the cotton business, there
productions,
of
potatoes, vegetables and Traits, many of
whicli are sent to Providence.
the
some rye,
The waters of the town consist
of the Seekonk river, which washthe Wanases its eastern bordej
are in the
;
which
intersects the interior of the
township.
These streams afford
numerous sites for hydraulic works,
some of which are almost unrivalled.
There are some valuable
shad and herring fisheries in the
Seekonk.
This town is distinguished for its
manufactures, particularly those of
cotton, which form an important
interest.
The extent of this business, having concentrated a large
capital, and an immense aggregate
of industry, has, within the last fifty years, given rise to a large and
The village of
flourishing village.
Pawtucketis situated in the northeast section of the town, four miles
northeast from Providence, on the
border of the Seekonk river its site
being principally the declivity of a
;
and it is highly romantic and
picturesque. The river hei-e affords
numerous natural silcs for manufacturing establishments, mills and
hydraulic works of almost every
description, which are scarcely rivalled, and which are occupied to a
great extent.
The rapid march of
hill,
manufacturing and mechanical
in-
dustry, which the short annals of
this place disclose, has few examples in our country, and has produced one of the mo;t con-it!erah!e
and flourishing manufacturing villages in the United States.
The
river here forms the bounJary line
between Massachusetts and Rhode
Island, and the village is built upon
both sides of it; bein?; partly in
each state. That part of the village
which is in this state is piincipally
built on four streets; and coiuprises a large number of handsome
buildings.
fui-aaces for cast-
slitting
&c.
toiies, &,c.
See Pawtucket,
Mass.
;
quatucket, which forms its western
boundary
and the Mashasuck,
town
mills, anchor shops,
cut nail factories, sci-ew manufac-
ing,
K'ortSi Stoiaingtoji, CI.
New London co. This town was
taken from Stonington in 1808. It
watered by the Pawcatuck and
branches, which afford good mill
sites.
The surface is uneven, hilly
and abounding in granitic rocks.
The soil is a gravelly loam, and
generally productive of good pastui'age.
Agriculture is the princiis
its
employment
pal
of
the
inhabit-
ants.
MUltown
some trade
is
a pretty village with
lies 50 m.iles S. E.
from Hartford, 13 N. E. from New
London, and 7 N. by E. from Stonington Borough. Population of the
town
:
it
in 1830, 2,840.
JMortSmnilierlantl, W. H.,
In Coos county, on Connecticut
river, is ISOmiies N. from Concord,
and 7 N. E. from Lancaster. The
soil along the Connecticut is very
productive, pei-feclly free iVom stone
and gravel, and originally covered
with ci growth of butternut.
portion of the upland is also good,
and covered with pine, spruce, tir,
Cape Horn, an
ash, maple, &.c.
abrupt mountain of 1,000 feet in
height, lies near the centre of the
Its north base is separated
town.
from the Connecticut by a narrow
plain, and the upper Amonoosuck
passes near its east base, as it falls
Here the
into the Connecticut.
nieadows are extensive, and are an^
nually covei-edby the spring floods,
pi-eseiiting the appearance of a»
inland sea. At the falls in the Connecticut, below the mouth of the
Amonoosuck, a handsome bridge
Northumberland with
connects
Guildhall, in Vermont.
dam is
a!-o thiown across the river at this
place, at both ends of which are
A
A
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
pleasant villages and mills of various kinds are erected.
Northumberland was incojporated in 1779.
First settled, 1767.
Population,
1830, 352.
Near the river a small fort was
erected during the revolutionary
war, and placed in the command of
Capt. Jeremiah Eames, afterwards
well known for his usefulness, wit
and pleasantry.
IVoi-tliAVOod, N.
Rockingham
co.
H.
There are
a
;
;
;
;
Suncook, Lamprey and
The
of this town is
genei-ally moist, and well suited to
soil
Northwood was
grazing.
ly a part of
oi-iginal-
Nottingham, and was
Northwood is 20
miles E. from Concord, 20 N. W.
from Exeter, and about the same
Populadistance W. from Dover.
tion, 1830, 1,342.
settled in
1763.
Nortli "I'armoiitli, Me.
Cumberland co. Thisis a pleasant
town on Casco bay, 10 miles N. from
Portland, and 42 S. E. fiom AugusPopulation, 1837, 2,782.
The
town was first settled in 1G40. In
1687 it was attacked by the Indians,
ta.
26
was not
re-settled
by them
and
;
until
1725.
It was incorporated in 1713.
About 4000 tons of navigation is
owned here, employed in the transportation of lumber and the tishery.
There is a fine stream of water in
the town, on which are a paper and
saw
mills,
and other manufactories.
The academy
in
North Yarmouth
well founded and is in a flourishing condition.
See Register.
is
Kortoii, Mass.
num-
ber of ponds in this town, and excellent
tishing.
Suncook pond,
750 rods long, 100 wide ; Jenness'
pond, 300 rods long, 150 wide Long
pond, about 300 rods long, 50 wide
Harvey's pond, 230 rods long, from
40 to 80 wide a part of Great Bow
pond is also in this town, and a part
of North river pond Pleasant pond,
and Litiie Bow pond. The north
branch of Lamprey river has its
rise in this town near Saddleback
mountain, a high ridge between
this town and Deerfield.
On the E.
side of this ridge are found crystals
and crystalline spars of various colors and sizes.
This town has an
elevated site, and commands a distant
and varied prospect. The waters
flowing from the farm of the late
Jonathan Clarke, Esq., one of the
first settlers, fall into three different
rivers, the
Isinglass.
and deserted by the whites
Norton was taken
from Taunton in 1771. It lies 30
miles S. fiom Boston, 17 N. E. from
Providence, and 8 N. W. from
Taunton. Population, 1837, 1,530.
It is well watered by Rumford, Cocasset and Canoe rivers, which
empty into the Taunton. The manufactures of the town consist of theet
copper and copper bolts, cotton
Bristol CO.
goods, boots,
shoes, leather,
iron
ploughs, shuttles, svraw
bonnets and baskets
total value,
the year ending April 1, 1837,
$397,763.
Winnicunnit pond, in this town,
was a great resort for the Indians,
castings,
:
—
whom resided in natural
caves, on its shores, and lived on lisii
and clams.
some of
XorAvalk, Ct.
This pleasant town
Fairfield CO.
on Long Island Sound, 32 miles
lies
W. S. W. from New Haven, 22 S.
fiom Danbury, and 48 N. E. from
Population,
New York.
1830,
3,792.
Norwalk originally included part
Canaof the present towns of
an and Wilton, and part of ^yestport.
In the ancient record, the
bounds are stated to be " from Norwalk river to Sauhatuck river, from
sea, Indian one day walk into the
country."
For this tract the following articles were given, viz " S
fathom wampum, 6 coats, 10 hatchets, 10 hoes, 10 knives, 10 scissors,
lOjewsharps, 10 fathom tobacco, 3
New
;
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
and 10 lookfollowing ailicles were given to the Indians lor
the tract " from Norvvalk river to
Five mile river, from sea, Indian
one day in country," viz. " 10
fathom wampum, 3 hatchets, 3 hoes
when ships come, 6 glasses, 12 tobacco pipes, 3 knives, 10 drillers,
10 needles."
The name of Norwalk is derived from the above bargain, viz ; the northern bounds of
the lands purchased were to extend
from the sea one day's "northivalk"
into the country,
The soil in this town is excellent.
The surface is uneven, being pleasantly diversified with hills
and valleys. On the border of the
Sound the hills are generally moderate, and in the interior more elevated.
" The valley which lies along
Norwalk river, and in which the
The village is built on both sides
of a small river or creek, which is
much contracted in width at the
bridge which connects the two parts
of the village, and the buildings on
each side of the stream are so near
each other, that the passage of the
river from the noith is not readily
perceived at a short distance. Vessels drawing six feet of water can
get up to the biidge in the most
compact part of the village.
The flourishing village of Old
Well is situated about 1 1-2 miles
south of the central part of Norwalk Borough, on the west side of
the creek.
There are at present in this village six or seven hat factories, three
potteiies, and a carriage makingestablishment.
This is the principal landing place for steam-boats for
Norwalk and the vicinity, there being a daily line from and to
Few
boat every other day
leaves Norwalk bridge for
kettles, 3 bauds- about,
in-J-
glasses."
town
is
built,
The
is
beautiful.
richer prospects of the same extent
can be found than that which is
presented from the neighboring emthe town
inences of this ground
built in its bosom, with its cheeiful
spires
the river flowing through
the middle
the farms on the bor:
;
;
dering hills; the rich plain that
skirts the Sound, and a ti-ain of islands fronting the mouth of the river, and extending eastward five or
six miles
together with an unlim;
ited
view
of the
Sound, and the
Long Island shore."
Norwalk contains two
New
York.
A
New
York.
There is a cotton factory and a
factory for manufacturing cai-pets
in the town.
This establishment,
called the " Patent Carpet Company," was commenced in 1834.
Their carpeting, of which they
manufacture
at this
time about 200
made without spinning or weaving, being made of
felting, the material of which hats
yards daily,
is
are composed.
This town was burnt by the Britunder Tryon, on the 17th July,
ble and flourishing villages, Nor- 1779.
Eighty dwelling houses, 2
walk Borough, and the village of churches, 87 barns, 17 shops, 4
Old Well. Norwalk Borough, (con- mills, and 5 vessels were destroyed.
stituted as such in 1836,) is a vilK'oi"»vay, Me.
lage of upwards of 130 handsome
buildings, and an extensive pottery.
Oxford CO. This is a fine townNorwalk is a place of considerable ship, well watered by several
activity and business, being a com- streams and ponds.
One of the
mercial depot and market for the ponds is large, very handsome,
northern part of the county a con- and discharges its waters into Little
siderable proportion of the staple Androscoggin river.
Norway lies
products being brought hei-e for 47 miles W. by S. from Augusta,
sale, or to be freighted for New and is bounded on the E. by Paris.
York.
Population,
Incorporated, 1797.
considera-
ish,
—
;
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
Wheat crop, same
1337, 1,791.
year, 7,272 bushels.
Nor-wicli, Vt.
Windsor
This town
co.
lies
on
the west side of Connecticut river,
is connected with Hanover, N.
H. by a bridge.
The surface of
the town is uneven, but the soil is
and
good for grain, pasturage and fruit.
Oniponjponoosuck river and other
streams water the town and afforJ
mill seats.
it eood
First settled,
1763.
Population, 1830, 2,316.—
It lies 40 miles S. S. E. from Montpelier and 19 N. from Windsor.
JVorwich village is pleasantly
situated on a plain, near Connecticut river, and contains a university
and a number of handsome buildings.
See Register.
Hampshire
is
The
river.
co.
This mountainwatered by Westfield
in
soil
many
parts
is
grazing, and many sheep
are kept here.
There is a cotton
mill in the town, and manufactures
of leather, boots, shoes, axes, and
spirits.
It lies 108 miles W. from
Boston, and 12 W. b} S from
Northampton. Incorporated, 1773.
Population, 1837, 714.
good
for
Norvricli, Ct.
One of the chief towns of New
London county.
Norwich city is
situated at the head of navigation
of Thames river, at the point of
land formed by the junction of the
Shetucket and Yantic rivers, whose
united waters constitute the Thames.
The main part of the city is built
on the southern declivity of a high
and rocky hill the houses are built
in tiers, ri-^ing one above another.
The city, as it is approached from
the south, presents one of the most
beautiful, interesting and romantic
:
pro-;pects in the state.
The buildings, which
are mostly painted
white, appear in
full
siderable distance
view
down
ed, Chelsea or Norwich Landing,)
a court house and town hall.
high school for boys, and a female
A
academy,
in
which
the
higher
branches of education are
taught,
have been in operation for a considerable time, and are in flourishing
circumstances.
About a mile eastward of the landing is situated the
flourishing village of Greenville, at
the eastern extremity of which a
dam has been constructed across the
Shetucket, which will, it is calculated furnish sufficient water power to
carry 60,000 spindles
four or five
large factories, and perhaps 40 or
50 dwelling houses, are, or are
about to be built. Among the factories there is perhaps the most extensive paper mill in the state, owned, by the Chelsea Manufacturing
:
NorATicIi, Mass.
ous town
these contrasted with the deep green
foliage covering the rocky and elevated banks of the river, give a
picturesque variety to the scene,
forming on tlie water a delightful
avenue to the city. There arc in
this city, (or as it was formerly call-
for
acon-
the river
;
Company. There are also two other paper mills near the falls, which
do an extensive business. The first
paper manufactured
in
was made
town
in
this
Connecticut
by Col.
Christopher Leffingwell.
There
are at, and near the falls, 9 or 10
establishments for manufacturing
Besides these, and those
purposes.
at Greenville, there are some more
The
in other parts of the town.
principal manufactures are those of
Norcotton, paper and woolens.
wich city is 13 miles N. from
London, 38 S. E. from Hartford, 38
New
W. from Providence, and 50 N.
Haven. Population
E. from
of Norwich, in 1830, was 5,179 of
which 3,144 were in the city limits.
Above the cove, which sets up
about a mile from the river, " the
bed of the river consists of a solid
S.
New
;
rock, having a perpendicular height
of ten or twelve feet, over which
the whole body of water falls in an
entire sheet upon a bed of rocks
�NEW ENGLAND
GAZETTEER.
below. The river here is compressed into a very narrow channel, the
banks consisting of solid rocks, and
being bold and elevated.
For a
distance of 15 or 20 rods, the channel or bed of the river has a gradual
descent, is crooked and covered
with pointed rocks.
The rock,
forming the bed of the river at the
bottom of the perpendicular falls,
is curiously excavated, some of the
cavities being five or six feet deep,
from the constant pouring of the
sheet of water for a succession of
ages." At the bottom of the falls
there is the broad basin of the cove,
where the enraged and agitated
element resumes its usual smoothness and placidity, and the whole
scenery about these falls is uncommonly beautiful and picturesque.
proprietors, the whole of Norwich,
which is about nine miles square.
The company at this time gave Un-
During the wars between Uncas
JVottingham Square is a pleasant village on an elevated site. Bog
iron ore is found here in great quan-
and the Narragansets, Uncas was
closely besieged in his fort near the
cas and his sons about £70, as a
further compensation for so large
and fine a tract."
Nottiiigliani, N. H.,
Rockingham
co., is 25 miles E.
E. from Concord, and 20 W. from
Portsmouth. Population, in IS.'JO,
There are several ponds in
1,157.
this town, mostly of small size. Little river and several other streams
rise here ; and North river passes
through the town. The soil is in
many parts good, though the surSeverface is rough and broken.
al mountains extend along the W.
part of the town, forming parts of
the range called Blue Hills.
S.
and it is said inexhaustible
masses of mountain ore exist in the
mountains. Crystals and crystalline spars are found here
and also
ochres in small quantities.
Not-
Thames, until his provisions became nearly exhausted, and he with
his men were on the point of perFortuishing by famine or sword.
nately he found means of giving in-
tities
telligence to the scouts who had
been sent out from Saybrook fort.
By his messengers, he represented
the great danger the English would
be in, were the Narragansets suffered to overpower the Mohegans.
" Upon this intelligence, one
Thomas Leffingwell, an ensign at
Saybrook, an enterprising, bold
man, loaded a canoe with beef, corn
and peas, and under the cover of
night paddled from Saybrook into
the Thames, and had the address to
get the whole into the fort. The
tingham was incorporated in 1722,
and settled in 1727.
Gen. Joseph Cilley entered
;
;
army of the revolution at
commencement and commanded
the
its
the
N. H. regiment.
He was distinguished for bravery and patriotism during the whole contest.
1st
Hon.
Thomas Bartlett was
enemy
an active revolutionary patriot ; one
of the committee of safety ; Lt. Col.
under Stark at the capture of Burgoyne, and commanded a regiment
at West Point in 1780, when the
treachery of Arnold betrayed that
was
post.
soon perceiving that Uncas
raised the siege.
For this sei-vice, Uncas gave Leffingwell a deed of a great part, if
not the whole town of Norwich.
relieved,
In June,
sons,
16.59,
Uncas with
his
two
Owaneko and Attavvanhood,
more ibrmal and authentic deed,
to said Letiingwell, John
Mason, Esq., the Rev. James Fitch
and others, consisting of thirty-five
by
a
made over
Gen.
Henry Butler
was an
army
of the revolution, and Major General of militia.
Descendants of these revolutionary
worthies now live in the town.
officer in the
Niilliegan liiver, Vt.
This river rises by several branches in the highlands, at the north
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
These
county.
of Essex
branches unite and fall into the
This
Connecticut at Brunswick.
part
after
parts rapid ; in othIt waters
ers, deep and sluggish.
about 120 square miles, and is fifty-
river
is
in
some
wide at its mouth. The head
witers of this and of the river Clyde,
feet
pass
N.
into
Memphremagog
lake,
This
near each other.
and
was formerly an Indian route between Connecticut river and Canaare
da.
Oakliani, Mass.
Worcester
co.
The
surface
passing " Winooski
falls into
Champlain lake,
city"
it
five miles
N. from Burlington village.
Winooski is the beautiful Indian
name
of this river, and had the good
people of Winooski possessed the
exquisite taste of their predecessors
they would pro!)ably have called
their
charming
little
cabbage
city
town.
Onion river, so called, has numerous tributaries, and is one of the
most romantic streams in the counThe channels which have
try.
been worn in the rocks, by its cease-
of
less
current,
are
objects of great
passage through
town is uneven some of the admiration. In its
fissures
border on the streams the mountains are found
lands which
this
that
;
into
fall
through
Cluckopee river are
are not very
There is a satinet factory in
good.
of
the town, and manufactures
bonnets, palm-leaf hats, leathstraw
er, ploughs, boots and shoes.
Oakham
1762.
W.
from
in
passage across the mountains, in
that dn-ection: it is certainly highly
picturesque and delightful.
Population, 1S37, 1,109.
Oldtowu, Me.
Penobscot
co.
See Orono.
Oqtiossak.
OldtoAVit Hartoor, Mass.
Oxford
See Edgartown.
co.
CO.
lies
a
Orange, N. H.,
Ompoinponoosuc Kiver, Vt.
about 20
near the
Orange,
Grafton co.,
I
cord.
river at
16 miles E. from
Population,
1830, 405.
In
are found many mineral
this
substances, such as lead ore, iron
There is in the S. E. part
ore, &.C.
pond, in which is found a
a small
species of paint resembling spruce
town
Ouioii River, Vt.
and
This is one of the largest
most valuable rivers in the state.—
length, and in
is about 70 miles in
It
large tracts ot
its course fertilizes
hydraulic
land and produces a great
This stream rises in Cale-
power.
county: it passes nearly
through the centre of the counties
and
of Washington and Chittenden,
is
Dartmouth college, 10 S. W. from
Plymouth, and 40 N. W. from Con-
i
Norwich.
donia
26*
Me.
maguntic. It is very irregular in its
form, and contains many islands.
See Gh-eenbush.
This good mill stream is
miles in length :— it rises
centre of the county of
and falls into Connecticut
littlie,
This large lake
few miles N. E. of the Mooseluck-
Olanuuon, Me.
Penobscot
rocks from 30 to 100
natural" bridges, curious caverns,
and delightful water-falls.
The road near the banks of this
stream, from Connecticut river to
Burlington, is said to be the best
N. W. from Worces-
was taken from Rutland
It
ter.
60 miles
lies
Boston, and 15
solid
feet in depth, with smooth perpendicular sides, 60 or 70 feet in width.
In many places on this stream are
The highlands
fertile.
|
Chalk, intermixed with
yellow.
magnesia, is said to be procured
a
from the same pond. In 1810,
species of ochre was disvaluable
abunIt is found in great
covered.
and ot a
dance, deposited in veins,
imported.—
quality superior to the
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
are annually
The surface
of Orange is uneven, but the soil
in many parts of it is productive.
Cardigan mountain lies in the E,
Orange was
part of the town.
granted by the name of Cardigan,
Feb. 6, 1769. Its settlement commenced in 1773.
Large quantities of
prepared
for
it
market.
products of the town in cattle and
wool are considerable.
Orange, Mass.
Franklin co. Orange lies 72
miles W. from Boston, and 20 E.
from
Greenfield.
Incorporated,
1783.
Population, 1830, 830 ; 1837,
1,543.
The manufactures of the
This coun-
town consist of iron castings, boots,
shoes, palm-leaf hats, card boards,
shoe pegs, chairs and cabinet ware
bounded N. by Washington
and Caledonia counties, E, by Connecticut river, S. by Windsor county, and W. by Addison and Washington counties. Area, 650 square
annual amount about $40,000. Miller's river affords the town a good
water power, and Tully hill a line
prospect.
The soil is uneven, and
better fitted for grazing than tillage.
Population, 1820, 24,169;
miles.
Population to a
1S30, 27,285.
square
mile, 42.
Incorporated,
The eastern range of the
1781.
Green mountains extends along the
northwestern part of the county.
The principal rivers, besides the
Connecticut, are the Ompomponoosuc. Wait's, branches of the White,
and Stevens' branch of the Onion.
The lands in Orange county are generally good for grazing, and supply
many cattle and all the varieties of
the dairy, of which a large amount
is annually sent to
market.
In
1837 there were 99,346 sheep within its limits.
This county contains
some excellent tracts of land on the
banks of the Connecticut. Iron and
lead ores, slate and granite, are
There
Orange County, Vt.
Chelsea, chief town.
ty
is
abundant.
Orange,
Orange
miles S.
"Vt.
This town lies 12
E. from Montpelier, and 12
co.
N. from Chelsea.
1793.
The
First
settled,
1830, 1,016.—
cold, and better suited for
Population,
soil is
grazing than grain.
tain lies in this
elevation, and
Knox's moun-
—
town
it is quite an
composed princi:
is
pally of granite.
Some of the
quarries in the town produce excellent granite for building, and here
are found plates of beautiful white
mica, several inches square. The
•
a
is
pleasant village in the
fish pond.
town, and a good
Orange,
Ct.
New Haven co. This
New Haven
taken from
ford in 1822.
town was
and Mil-
The name was
adopt-
ed in honor of William, Prince of
Orange, in commemoration of the
benetits received from him by the
colony of Connecticut; particularly for the restoration of their charter after the usurpation and tyranny
of
Edmund Andros.
about 4 miles S. W.
and is a pleasant
town with a productive soil. The
Orange
from
lies
New Haven
inhabitants are principally farmers.
Savin Rock in this town is a romanand a place of resort in the
summer. There are mines of silver and copper in the town, and asbestos is found in abundance in sertic spot,
pentine rocks.
Population, 1830,
1,341.
Orford, N. H.
Grafton co. It lies on Connecticut river, over which is a bridge,
connecting with Fairlee. Orford is
11 miles below Haverhill, 17 N. of
Hanover, and 64 N. W. from Concord.
The soil is generally of a
fertile character.
The large intervale farms, watered by the Connecticut, are particularly distinguished
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
for their beauty and fertility. There
elevations,
are two considerable
called Mount Cuba and Mount Sunday, lying near the centre of the
town. There are four or five ponds
of considerable size, one of which,
called Baker's upper pond, lies within 3 or 4 miles of Connecticut river.
This pond discharges its waters into another pond, lying partly in
Wentworth, and the waters of both
empty
lies
about
" It is built on a beautiful plain bordered by intervale on
The hills on both sides of
the W.
the river, near the centre of the expansion, approach each other so as
and with a
to form a kind of neck
similar approximation at the two
ends give the whole the appearance of a double amphitheatre, or
The
of the numerical figure 8.
greatest breadth of each division is
about 1 1-2 miles and the length of
each between 2 and 3 miles." The
buildings stand principally on a sinroad.
;
;
gle street, of 2 or 3 miles in extent.
Orford was granted Sept. 25, 1761.
In June, 1765, a Mr. Cross with his
familj^ from Lebanon, first settled
congregational
in this town.
church was gathered Aug. 27, 1770.
Rev. Oliver Noble was ordained
Nov. 5, 1771. Population, 1S30,
A
1,829.
W. from
Ellsworth. Orland is finewatered by ponds and streams
it has a good soil, a pleasant village
and great navigable facilities. Inly
:
corporated, 1800. Population, 1830,
975; 1S37, 1,244.
Orleans Coviiity, Vt.
1
A
main
co.
This toivn lies on
the east side of Penobscot river, opposite to Orphan's Island.
It lies
64 miles E. from Augusta and 12
into Baker's river.
Indian
mile west Irom
Limestone
Baker's upper pond.
found in
great
abundance.
is
It is of the primitive kind, coarse
grained, and forms astrong and hard
cement. It is found at the foot of a
mountain, about 400 or 500 feet
Soap
above Connecticut river.
stone is also found here in great
light grey granite
abundance.
rock, much used for mill stones and
for building, is found in various plaGalena, or lead ore, of a very
ces.
fine texture, containing needles of
crystallized quartz, or lead,hasbeen
found, in considerable quantities in
sinking a well.
Orford contains a
pleasant village, situated on the
pond
Orland, Me*
Hancock
This
Irasbitrgh, cliief town.
county is bounded N. by Lower
Canada, E. by Essex and Caledonia
counties, S. by Caledonia county,
and W. by Franklin and Lamoille
counties. This countj' lies between
the eastern and western ranges of
the Green mountains. The surface
is generally handsome and the soil
well adapted for wheat, rye and
grass the climate is rather too cold
for corn, and some parts of the coun:
marshy.
Orleans
is low and
county is watered by Missisque,
Black, Barton and other rivers. It
contains more ponds than any coun-
ty
Much
goes to Canada by
of
the
Memphremagog
which
ty in the state.
lake,
its
trade
of
way
lies in
county and Canada. In 1S37
there were 30,657 sheep in the
Incorporated, 1792. Popcounty.
this
ulation, 1830, 11,375.
Orleans, Maes.
Barnstable co. Orleans was takIt exen from Eastham, in 1797.
tends across a narrow part of Cape
Cod, and is indented with coves and
Stage harbor
creeks on both sides.
opens on the east through Chatham
and Nauset beaches, which extend
between which
along the coast
and the town is Pleasant bay, with
In 1837, there
several islands.
were 33 vessels belonging to Orleans
engaged in the cod and mackerel
fishery, the tonnage of which was
:
2,310 tons.
tals of cod
They
fish
—
took 20,000 quin-
and 600 barrels of
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
There were 31,000
mackerel.
bushels of salt used, and 2 64 men
The
and boys were employed.
value of fish taken, when cured and
capital inpacked, was $91,100
There are 50 esvested, $33,000.
tablishments for the manufacture
of salt in the town during the year
ending- April 1, 1837, there were
21,780 bushels made. There are
also manufactures of palm-leaf hats,
leather, boots, shoes and tin ware.
Orleans lies 20 miles E. from BarnPopulation, 1S30, 1,799 ;
stable.
1837, 1,930.
:
—
;
Or OHO, Me.
Penobscot co. This tov/n lies on
the west side of Penobscot river, and
is
watered by Dead stream and
a
It is
large part of Pushaw lake.
74 miles N. E. from Augusta. Incorporated, 1808. Population, 1830,
The soil of
1,473; 1837, 3,961.
the town is good, and produced, in
1837, 1,744 bushels of wheat. This
town borders on the Great Falls in
Penobscot river, and contains a
great number of saw nulls, which
manufacture a vast amount of lumDer annually for the Bangor market.
Orono is pleasant and uncommonly
flourishing.
A
rail-road
between Bangor and
the villages of Stillwater and Oldtotvn, in Orono, was opened for
It is 12 miles in
travel in 1836.
length, and cost $350,000.
The
Penobscot river at Oldtown, above
the falls, is 40 feet higher than at
Bangor. The village of Stillwater
is 4 miles below Oldtown.
Above the falls, and about a mile
above the village of Oldtown, near
the mouth of Dead stream, on " Oldtown Island," is the Indian Settlement. This settlement is very pleasantly located, and secure from approach except by boats or canoes.
a number of framed
It contains
houses, and a neat chapel with a
bell.
In 1837, John Neptune, the lieutenant Governor, and other officers
of the Penobscot tribe of Indians,
finished taking by families a very
particular census of all who belong
to the tiibe, for the purpose of a
just and equal distribution of the
annuities and other monies paid to
them. It was found that the families in all were ninety five
the list
exhibiting the head of each family
by name, and the number of individuals each one contains, annexed
thereto.
The whole number of
souls in the tribe was three hundred
and sixty-two. Their officers are,
a governor, lieutenant governor,
a colonel, four captains, one 'squire,
and one deacon. In religion they
are catholics.
Several of them can
read, and a few can write, though
in a poor hand.
The whole tribe is divided in politics, and on some occasions party
—
spirit rages
warmth
with almost as
much
among
the pale faces,
though generally better tempered.
No affair of honor, or rather of
murder, has ever been known to
disgrace these savages.
The
as
tribe
own,
collectivelj'', all
the islands in the Penobscot river,
beginning with that of Oldtown,
where their village is, and including
all up as far as the forks, several
miles above the Matawamkeag,
many of which are exceedingly
pleasant and fertile.
The Indians are not poor, having
sold some of their lands for large
sums.
a remnant, howevreduced a tribe anand uniformly called the
To such
er, is this tribe
—
ciently
Tarratines, who could bring into
the field more than two thousand
warriors, and who claimed the lands
on both sides of the Penobscot river from its sources to its mouth.
Orplian's Island, Me.
Penobscot co. This island, containing about 5,000 acres of excellent land, at the mouth of Penobscot river, is 4 miles in length. It is
attached to the town of Bucksport
the head or north part of it lies oppo-
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
site to
the beautiful village in that
town. This island divides the Penobsrot into two branches the westei-n
" Naror main branch is called the
rows," 'on which side a fort is about to
be constructed by the U. S. govern:
ment for the protection of the river.
The other branch is called " Eastern
river."
This beautiful island derived its
name from its having been the property of an orphan heiress who inherited it as her part of the Waldo
Patent.
Orriiigtoii,
Me.
This is a fine township of land with a handsome village on the east side of Penobscot
Penobscot
co.
The
river, opposite to Hampden.
town has a good mill stream and en-
joys great navigable facilities. PopWheat crop,
ulation, 1837, 1,126.
same year, 2,340 bushels.
Orwell, Vt.
Rutland co. This town lies on
Champlain lake opposite to Ticonderoga, N. Y. and contains Mount
Independence, celebrated in the an-
nals of the revolutionary war. The
and
lake here is about a mile wide,
Mount a delightful prosfrom the
pect is presented. Orwell was first
permanently settled in 1783. The
generally good
and productive. In 1837 it contained 21,512 sheep. There is a spring
waters of
in the town from the
soil
of the
town
which Epsom
is
salts
have been made,
animals have been
and shells
found supposed to have pertained to
There are good mill
the ocean.
streams in Orwell and a pleasant
Population, 1330, 1,598.
village.
U so elevated that
storms the winds break
over the summits, frequently causing much injury to the farms, and
Ossipee lake
buildings at its base.
it is
is in this town, and Freedom
a fine body of water, of an oval form,
in length,
and
in easterly
:
covering about 7,000 acres, having
no island, and its waters clear and
beautiful. Ossipee river flows from
this lake, from whence it passes
through Freedom into the Saco, in
Maine. Pine river passes through
the E. part of Ossipee, and Bearcamp river falls into the lake on the
N. W. There are several ponds in
Ossipee, the largest of which lies
partly in Tuftonborough, and is
about 400 rods long. Bear pond in
the S. E. part, has no visible outlet.
Near the W. shore of Ossipee lake,
or 50 feet in
is a mound of earth 45
diameter, of a circular form, and
about 10 feet high, from which have
been taken several entire skeletons,
and also tomahawks, &c. exhibiting
tribe
the strongest evidence that the
once so powerful in this vicinity
had their principal residence here.
Ossipee was incorporated, Feb. 22,
1785.
Population, 1830, 1,935.
Otis,
Hancock
was incorpobounded on the
Otis
co.
rated in 1835.
Me.
It is
west by Ellsworth. It is the source
some of the rivers which flow
Union
into Frenchman's bay, and
Popriver, passes its N. W. corner.
of
ulation, 1S37, 92.
of
Otis, Mass.
Ossipee,
Berkshire co. This township is
of
on high ground, and is the source
someV the head waters of FarmThese
ington and Westfield rivers.
handsti^eams flowfrom several very
]V.
H.,
N. N. E.
and about 15 N. E.
from Concord,
Strafford co. is 60 mile^,
The surface of the
some ponds.
uneven but the soil is protown is
pasturductive, particularly of good
from Gilford, across Winnepisiogee
The manufactures consist ol
age.
Ossipee mountain, a rough
lake.
cabileather, boots, shoes, chairs,
and broken range, lies in the N. W.
&c. It lies 130
into the net ware, lumber,
part of Ossipee, extending
by S. from Boston, and 15
It is 6 or 8 miles miles W.
adjoining towns.
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
S. E.
1,077.
from Lenox. Population, 1837,
Otisiield,
Me.
Cumberland co.
This town is
watered by Crooked river, which
empties into Sebagolake. The soil
is very good, and produced, in 1S37,
4,525 bushels of wheat. It lies 82
miles S. S. W. from Augusta and
32 N. N. W. from Portland. Population 1830, 1,257.
Otter Creek, Vt.
This stream rises on the south part
Rutland county
it traverses, in
a northern course, nearly through
the centre of that county, and waters Clarendon, Rutland, Pittsford,
Brandon and other towns; it then
enters Addison county, and passes
to Middlebury, where it falls very
ol
:
—
considerably, affording that pleasant
town an admirable water power;
it then passes Weybridge, New Haven and Vergennes, a ad falls into
Champlain lake at Ferrisburgh.
From Vergennes it is navigable for
the largest lake vessels, 8 miles.
There are no considerable falls on
this
stream except
at
Middlebury,
Weybridge and Vergennes. In many parts of its course it is sluggish.
From Middlebury to Pittsford, a
An
almost countless
number of
sels pass this place annually.
ves-
Fre-
quently live hundred pass
in a day.
15th to June 15th, 1838,
5019 sail were seen to pass in the
day time. Owl's Head is not only
a stopping place in a storm, but a
resort for great numbers of people,
for many miles around, to take passages on board of steamers and other vessels.
It is a delightful place
in summer, and has justly acquired
a reputation for possessing all the
various enjoyments which induce
thousands to visit the sea coast at
other places. It lies 4 miles E. from
Thomaston, 55 S. from Bangor, 40
S. E. from Augusta, and 79 E. N. E.
from Portland.
From March
Oxford
Coviiity,
Paris, chief town.
Me.
This county
bounded N. by Lower Canada, E.
by Franklin and Kennebec counties, S. by Cumberland and York
counties, and W. by New Hampis
shire.
It is watered by the Margallaway, Androscoggin, Saco, and numerous other rivers. In the noith-
distance of 25 miles, it is navigable
for boats.
Otter Creek has many
tributaries which afford a great wa-
ern part of the county lies a collecof large lakes v/hose waters
empty into the Umbagog, and pass
power. Its length is about 90
miles, and on its banks are large
ter
tion
tracts of alluvial meadows, some of
the best in the state.
It receives
the waters of a basin of about 900
to the ocean by the Androscoggin
and Kennebec rivers.
Although
some parts of the county are rough
and mountainous, yet a very large
part of it is exceedingly fertile, particularly on the borders of its numerous rivers, lakes and ponds.
This county contained an area of
2,684 square miles previous to the
formation of Franklin county, in
1838, which was formed partly from
Oxford county. The population of
Oxford county, in 1820, was 17,630,
square miles.
Owl's Head, Me.
Lincoln co. This noted place on
our eastern waters is a point of land
attached to the town of Thomaston,
running out three or four miles into
Penobscot bay, opposite to the island
town of Vinalhaven. Owl's Head
forms the western entrance into the
mouth of Penobscot river, and has
a light house to guide the wary
breakwater
mariner on his way.
is about being erected, which will
render the harbor at this place one
of the most commodious, as it is one
of the most important, on the coast.
A
Incorporated, 1793.
'
1830, 35,211
;
1837, 40,640.
Popu-
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
The
lation to a square mile, 15.
number of sheep in this county, in
last of the
1S37, was 76,028.
Oxford, Me.
This town is w^atered
Androscoggin river and
It contains some
several ponds.
excellent land and two flourishing
Oxford
by
CO.
little
villages. It produced, in 1837, 3,22b"
bushels of wheat. Population, same
year, 1,124. Oxford lies 52 miles
S. W. from Augusta, and 8 S. from
and murdered some of the people.
This so terrified the inhabitants that
they left the place, and most of
them settled in Boston, where a
French church was maintained by
them several years.
Paris.
Oxford, Mass.
This is an important manufacturing town, of uneven
"Worcester co.
gravelly soil; 45
miles W. from Boston and 10 S. from
Incorporated, 1773.
Worcester.
Population, 1337, 2,047. There are
surface,
strong,
5 woolen and 4 cotton
and manufactures of boots
and shoes :— total value, the year
ending April 1, 1837, $501,394.
Oxford is a pleasant town, and hne-
in the
mills,
peach trees was destroy-
ed by the gale of 1815. They had
a minister while resident here,
whose name was Bondet. These
people remained here till 1696,
when the Indians attacked the place
town
Oxford, Ct.
New Haven
en from
14 miles
and 40 S.
co.
Oxford was tak-
Derby in
N. W. trora
1798.
It lies
New Haven
W. from Hartford. It is
watered by Housatonick and Nauoatuck rivers. The surface of the
town is diversified with hills and
valleys;— the soil is generally a
gravelly loam, fertile and productive.
There are large manufacturing
establishments in Oxford, among
which are three satinet factories
hat manufactory.
watered by French river, which and an extensive
ly
place is
the Quinne- The water power at this
passes to the ocean by
excellent. Population, 1S30, 1,763.
bauz and Thames.
" Governor's Hill" a fine
The original township of Oxford From
was view of the neat village of " Quawas ei^ht miles square, and
Farms," and the surrounding
grantecf to Joseph Dudley and oth- ker
accommodation country is presented.
ers, in 16S0, for the
About one mile south of the cenof about 30 French protestant famtown is a remarkahad escaped from France tral part of the
ilies, who
" The
ble mineral spring, called
Edict ot
after the revocation of the
from the circumstance of its
Nantz, when they became exposed Pool,"
that waters being efficacious, and much
to every cruelty and hardship
for the cure of the salt rheum
catholic intolerance and religious used
" Once in a
complaints.
could invent. They were and other
bigotry
colemigration to month a yellowish scum will
their
in
assisted
upon the surface of the water,
of lect
this country by the proprietors
which in a few days runs off,
the grant, and settled here about
clear.
a hill in and leaves the pool perfectly
They built a fort on
IGSs!
coldest weather, this spring
eastern part of the town, now In the
the
never freezes in the dryest season
called Mayo's, or Fort Hill, where
was it is as full as at other times."
It
;
its
remains are
still
visible.
constructed by the rules of art, with
its
bastions, and "had a well within
another fort,
and a meeting house. The grapes,
their
ctirrants, and asparagus of
grow here, and the
still
planting,
enclosure.
They had
Palermo, Me.
Waldo CO. This town is watered
by several beautiful ponds, which
form the head waters of Sheepscot
This is a farming town of
river.
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
good soil and undulating surface,
produced, in 1337, 5,326 bushels of
wheat.
PopuLation, same year,
1,53S.
It lies 16 miles E. N. E.
from Augusta, and 24 W. from Belit
fast.
Incorporated, 1804.
Palmer, Mass.
Hampden
This town was
co.
originally settled by a colony from
Ireland.
It was incorporated in
1752.
The surface of Palmer is
hilly, but the soil is good, particularly along the
Swift rivers, by
banks of Ware and
which
it
is
finely
watered, and supplied with water
power. There are 1 woolen and 2
cotton mills in the town, and manufactures
of boots,
shoes,
scythes,
—
palm-leaf hats and wagons; total
amount, the year ending April 1,
1837, $178,556.
The value of
2,652 fleeces of wool sheared in this
town, that year, was $4,243.—
Palmer lies 70 miles W. by S. from
Boston, and 16 E.
N. E. from
Springfield. Population, 1830, 1,237;
1837, 1,810.
Palmyra, Me.
Elizabethtown, N.
lake.
V., across the
Population, 1830, G05.
Paris, Me.
Chief town, Oxford co. Paris is
well watered, and supplied with mill
privileges by Little Androscoggin
river, on v/hich are several milis^in
the town.
The
though
some parts uneven and
in
soil is
excellent, al-
mountainous.
The principal vilis well built, pleasantly located,
and the seat of considerable busilage
ness.
The town was
incorporated
Population, 1837, 2,352.
Wheat crop, same year, 10,453
bushels.
Paris lies 42 miles W. by
S. from Augusta, and 40 N. by W.
from Portland.
in
1793.
Parkman, Me.
Piscataquis co.
This town is watered by a branch of Piscataquis
river, and has an excellent soil for
agricultural purposes.
It lies 64
miles N. by E. from Augusta, and
14 W. from Dover.
Inc^orporated,
1822. Population, 1830, 803; 1837,
1,125.
Wheat crop, 1837, 6,018
bushels.
Somerset co. Sebasticook river
passes through this town, and affords it a good water power. The soil
Parsonsfield, Me.
York CO. This town lies at the
N. W. corner of the county, and is
is rich, and the surface
undulating. bounded W. by the state of
New
There are some mills in the town, Hampshire, and
N. by Ossipee rivand considerable attention is paid' er. It is
36 miles W. by N. from
to its agricultural interests.
It lies
Portland, 21 N. by W. from Alfred,
51 miles N. N. E. from Augusta, and 93 W.
S. W. from Augusta.—
and 25 E. N. E. from Norridgewock.' First
settled, 1774.
Incorporated, 1807.
Population, in
1837, 1,328.
Wheat crop, same
year, 8,523 bushels.
Paiiton, Vt.
Addison co. This town is bounded W. by Champlain lake, and
E.
by Otter creek.
passes through it
A sluggish stream
yet, although thus
does not possess a good
mill site, the country being
exceedingly level.
It lies 40 miles VV^. S.
W. from Montpelier, 13 N. W.
from Middlebury, 25 S. by V/.'froni
Burlington, and is 4 miles from
watered,
it
;
Incorporated,
Population, 1837, 2,510.—
The surface of the town is rough
and hilly, but the soil, though haixl,
is productive of good crops
of grain
and hay. Wheat crop, 1837, 3,929
bushels.
1785.
There are many good farmers
in
town, and good specimens of
iron ore, zinc and crystalized
quartz
are found here.
In this place is an
incorporated seminary, for the education of males and females.
The
institution is under the direction of
the Free Will Baptists, and is in
a
this
flourishing condition.
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
Fassadvuul^eag, Ble.
Penobscot
This town lies on
the east side of" Penobscot river, 9S
miles N. E. from Augusta, and 30
N. by E. from Bangor. The soil of
the town is fertile, and promises a
rich reward to the industrious farmco.
Population, 1837, 422. Wheat
same year, 1,070 bushels.
The village of Passadumkeag
is admirable located, and will doubtless become an important mart of
the trade of a large section of counThis flourishing village lies at
try.
the junction of Passadumkeag river
with the Penobscot. This delightful stream is about 25 miles in
length.
It rises in the north eastern part of this county, and waters
the northern part of Plancock county.
It re-enters Penobscot county,
and receives the Cold stream, two
miles from Passadumkeag village.
Both the Passadumkeag and Cold
stream afford excellent mill privier.
crop,
leges.
Passamaquoddy Bay, Me.
This bay lies partly in Maine,
and partly in the Briti-h Province
of New Brunswick.
The boundavy line between the state of Maine
New
Brunswick passes through
the western part of this bay up the
river St. Croix. Campo Bello,Deer,
and other English islands almost enclose this bay from the ocean.
At
its mouth it is about 9 miles in width,
and
and
extends from
West Quoddj^
Lubec, due north into
New Brunswick, about 25 miles.
This bay contains a great numiier of
excellent harbors it is never frozen over, and abounds with cod, herring and other fishes.
The most
important English town on this bay
is St. Andrews, a very flourishing
place, 15 miles N. from Eastport.
The Passamaquoddy Indians re-
Head,
in
;
side at Perry,
Me.
Passum^isick River, Vt.
This river rises in Caledonia,
and on the south border of Essex
27
counties.
It passes south
about
35 miles, and falls into the Connecticut at Barnet, about a mile below
the foot of Fifteen Mile Falls.
It
has a number of tributaries. This
is a valuable stream, both on
account of the numerous mill sites it
afibrds, and the large tracts of choice
intervale it forms on its borders.
It is generally deep, but in many
places it is very rapid, and forms
beautiful cascades.
Patricl£.to\\ai,
Lincoln
co.
Me.
This
plantation
contains the principal part of a large
pond, and is watered by streams
which flow into the Sheepscot and
Damariscotta. This is a large plantation, of good soil.
Population,
1S37, 465.
It lies 17 miles E. from
Augusta, and 20 N.
W.
from War-
ren.
PaAvcatuck River.
This river lises in the western
Rhode Island, and empties
into Long Island Sound, separating,
at its mouth, the towns of Westerly,
R. I., and Stonington, Ct.
It is
navigable about 6" miles from its
mouth, and Wood and Charles rivpart of
ers,
two of
are good
principals tributaries,
streams.
its
m.ill
Pawcatuck
village.
See West-
erly.
Pa^vlet, Vt.
Rutland
co.
The town
is
First settled, 1761.
Population, 1S30, 1,965.
Pawlet
lies 21 miles S. W. from Rutland,
and 27 S. E. from Whitehall, N. Y.
river,
which
lake at
river,
watejed by Pawlet
falls into
Whitehall,
which
rises
Champlain
and by Indian
from a spjing
sufficiently large to carry a mill.
The latter river was formerly
a
great resort of the natives, who frequented it for trout and other fish
with which it abounds. The territory of Pawlet is nearly divided by
a range of mountains, the highest
summit of which is known by the
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEEH.
This is a
of " Haystack."
pleasant towa, with some manufacThe soil is dry and warai,
tures.
and produces good crops of corn and
hay. It feeds about 11,000 sheep.
Slater, Esq., the
of cotton manufactures in
Anierica, resided in this village
many years. He died at Webster,
Mass., greatly respected, April 20,
1335, aged 67.
Samuel,
name
fatlier
Paivtiiclcet, Mass.
Pawtiixet River, H.
The
toivn of Pawtucket lies on the east side of the river of
the same name.
It is two miles
square, and was taken from Seekonk
in 1S2S.
The population of the
town,inlS30,was 1,453; 1337, 1,831.
The village of Pawtucket is
very pleasant; it is an important
manufacturing place, commanding
a considerable trade, and contains a
population of about 8,090.
It lies
on both sides of the river, and includes a part of the town of North
Bristol CO.
This celebi-ated river rises in the
western part of the State. It has numerous tributaries, and mingles with
the waters of the Narraganset, five
miles below Providence.
This river is distinguished for its valuable
mill sitesjand for the numerous man-
—
ufacturing establishments erected
on its banks. Pawtuxet and its
branches fertilize a large portion of
Paxtoii, Mass.
V/orcester co.
Paxton was taken from Leicester and Rutland, in
1785.
It is on high ground; its
waters descend both to the Connecticut and Merrimack.
It lies 50
miles W. from Boston, and 7 N. W.
fi-ora Worcester.
Population, 1837,
619.
This is a pleasant town, with
manufactures of palm-leaf hats,
boots, shoes, leather, carriages, &c.
The surface of the town is uneven,
but the soil is good, and well culti-
immense, and the
fall of the river
short distance, is 50 feet.
The river is navigable to the village for
vessels of considerable
burthen.
It runs 4 miles S. by W.
to Providence river, at India Point,
near the depot of the Boston and
v.'ithin a
Providence rail-road, one mile below the centre of the city of Providence.
The river, above Pawtuck-
vated by
chairs,
date of the firstsettlement of Peacham must have been near 1777, when
Henry Elkins, the first child in
town, was born. The first mill was
erected in 1731.
The town is well
watered by several ponds and
streams the surface is pleasantly
diversified the soil fertile and well
cultivated by independent farmers.
The agricultural products are conAbout 6,000 sheep are
siderable.
Peacham lies 20 miles E. by
kept.
N. from Montpelier, and 8 S. by
W. from Danville. Population,
1330, 1,351.
;
cabinet wares, &c.
total annual
value, about two millions of dollars.
The turnpike road from this place
to Pi'ovidence is probably tbj best
road of the kind in the world.
It
is very straight, wide, level, smooth,
and shaded on each side by beauti-
;
;
ful trees.
proprietors.
Caledonia co. As no town can
be considered properly peopled
without some of the fair sex, the
;
vessels,
its
PeacHiam, Vt.
Massachusetts, takes the name
oiBlackstone; below the falls it takes
the name of Seekonk.
This place
is 4 miles N.
fi-om Providence, 36
S. from Boston, 16 W. by S. from
Taunton, and 33 S. E. from Worcester.
At this place are 12 or
more cotton mills and print works,
and manufactures of cotton machinery, bobbins, spools, &e.
of boots,
et, in
carriages,
See Warivick.
the state.
Providence, in R. I.
The tirst manufacture of cotton
cloth in this countrj^, by water power machinery, was commenced at
The water power is
this place.
shoes,
I.
\
�New ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
Peeling, N.
II.
Grafton co. This town is 20 miles
N. from Plymouth, and 60 N. from
Concord. The Pemigewas^et passes through its E. section. The three
branches of this river unite in the
N. part of Peeling. There are several brooks and rivulets which supply tliis place with a number of mill
privileges.
The ponds are numerous.
Cushman's mountain, in the
S. W., Black mountain in the N.
W., and Blue mountain in the W.
Among
are the highest elevations.
these mountains, branches of the
Wild Amonoosuck and Baker's rivand Moosehillock brook, have
ers,
their sources.
On the last stream
There
there is a beautiful cascade.
are here two springs which have
Peeling
been termed medicinal.
was settled about 1773. Population, 1830, 291.
Pelliam, N. H.
This town is
Hillsborough co
37 miles S. from Concord,
and 19 S.E. fromAmherst. Here are
three ponds, called Gumpas, Island,
Beaver river
and North ponds.
On this
passes through the town.
tributary streams
river and the
there is much valuable meadow.
distant
The
inhabitants depend principally
on agriculture for the means of supMuch timber and cord wood
port.
are carried annually to the banks of
the Merrimack, and thence conveyed to Newburyport, or to Boston
The
through Middlesex canal.
first settlements were made in 1722.
The town was incoi-poratcd in 174G,
about 5 years after the state line was
established, by which a part was
separated from Dracut, Mass. Population in 1330, 1,075.
Pelliam, Mass.
Hampshire co. This town lies
80 miles W. from Boston, and 13 N.
E. from Northampton. It was incorporated in 1742.
Population, in
The surface o-f the
1837, 957.
town
elevated and uneven ; the
hard but productive. Swift
and Fort livers alford it mill privileges.
Some palm-leaf hats are
is
soil is
made here.
Some years
ago the notorious
Stephen Burroughs profaned the
christian sabbath, by imposing himself on the innocent people of Pel-
ham
as a minister of the gospel.
Peniadtmicook lL<ake, Me.,
Or the
large lake
Bamedumpkok.
This
of very irregular form,
containing a great number of islands, and lies a few miles N.from BaIt receives the
ker's mountain.
waters of numerous lakes, or collections of water, lying between it
and the eastern sources of the
Moose Head. The soil on the borders of the Pemadumcook, and the
lakes connected with it, is remarkThe Jo Mary lakes
ably fertile.
are beautiful sheets of water, and
are surrounded by some of the best
timbered land in the state. They
lie near the Pemadumcook ; and the
facilities afforded for rafting lumber
down the Penobscot, through that
lake, render that section of country
is
very valuable.
PeniTbroke, Me.
Washington
Population, in
co.
Wheat crop, same year,
1837, 86G.
It lies 178 m41es
1,216 bushels.
from Augusta.
See " Down East."
Penil>ro3ie,
K".
H.,
co., lies 60 miles N.
from Boston, and 6 S. E. from
Concord. This town is generally
well watered. The Suncook,on the
S. E. boundary, furnishes many valuable water privileges. The main
street extends nearly on a parallel
with Merrimack river in a straight
course about three miles, and is very
Merrimack
W.
pleasant.
On
this are situated the
principal village.
academy and the
Pembroke has a
mostly very
variety of soils,
productive. On the
�NEW ENGLAND
rivers are small but valuable tracts
of intervale, and from these the
land rises in extensive and beautiful swells, yielding in abundance
when properly cultivated. Pembroke is the ancient Suncook of the
Indians.
It was granted by this
name in 1727, by the government
of Massachusetts, to Capt. John
Lovewell, and his brave associates,
consideration of their services
against the Indians.
The whole
number of grantees was 60 ; 48 of
in
whom
accompanied Lovewell in
his last march to Pequawkett. The
first survey was made in 172S
and
in the following year settlements
;
were commenced. The settlements
increased slowly, in consequence
of the frequent alarms from the Indians, who committed many depredations upon their property.
Population, 1830, 1,-312.
Pembroke; Mass.
Plymouth co.
This town w^as
taken from Duxbury in 1711. Population, 1837, 1,258.
It lies 27
miles S. E. from Boston, and 12 N.
N. W. from Plymouth. North river separates this town from Hanover; and some branches of that
stream, rising from ponds in Pembroke, give it a good water power.
For more than 40 years after the
settlement at Plymouth, this town
contained the only saw-mill in the
colony.
Pembroke is at the head
of navigation on the North river,
and possesses superior advantages
for ship building ; and many noble
vessels, constructed of native white
oak, are annually launched.
The
manufactures of the town consist of
vessels, cotton goods, tacks, iron
ware, chairs, cabinet ware, &c.
The North river is very deep and
narrow, and so exceedingly crooked that it meanders 18 miles in its
course from Pembroke to Sciti;ate
harbor,
is less
when
the distance
than 6 miles.
by land
GAZETTEElv
Pemigewasset River, W. H.
This stream and the Winnepisiogee constitute the Merrimack. It
is formed of three principal branches, having their sources in Peeling,
Franconia, and the ungranted lands
S. W. of the White Mountains.
These branches unite in Peeling,
from whence the main stream passes in a S. direction through Tho'rn-
Campton, between Plymouth
ton,
and Holderness Bridgevvater, Bristol and New Hampton
Hill and
Franklin, where it unites with
Winnepisiogee river, and the main
stream becomes the Merrimack.
;
;
Pemmaquid
Lincoln
Point, Me.
This is an important
point of land, extending into the
sea between Muscongusbay on the
east, and Pemmaquid river and the
waters of Damariscotta on the west.
There is a light house on this point,
which bears W. 10 miles from St.
George's island, and about N. E. 9
miles from Bantam Ledge.
co.
Penobscot River and Bay, Me.
This large and important river,
with its numerous and extensive
branches water a large portion of
the state.
It pierces the county
which bears its name and receives
tributaries from Washington, Hancock, Waldo, Piscataquis and Somerset counties.
Below the union
of the eastern and western branches the Piscataquis and Matawam-
keag
From
are
its
largest
tributaries.
the junction
of the two
branches, or " the Forks," to tide
water at Bangor is about 76 miles.
The east branch rises at the north,
in the Schools lakes, near Aroostook
river, and on its passage to the junction, a distance of about 50 miles,
called Seboois river.
it is properly
The western branch of the Penobscot rises in the high lands on
the border of Lower Canada and
the western frontier of Maine.
It
passes through the counties of Som-
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
erset and Piscataquis in an eastern
direction, to its junction with the
eastern branch, receiving in its
course the waters of hikes Chesun-
cook, Peraadumcook, MilUnoket,
and other hxrge collections of water.
This branch passes within 3 miles
northern border of Moose
source of Kennebec river. The length of this branch
of the Penobscot, from its source to
its union with the east branch or
Seboois river, may be stated at
about 140 miles and the greatest
length of the river to Bangor,
215, and to the ocean, 275 miles.
Some of the most important
of the
Head
lake, the
;
this majestic river,
are noted under their distinctive
names; a description of them all with
their hydraulic powers and boatable capabilities, their rapid courses and beautiful cataracts, their
fertilizing qualities, and other pecuInliarities, would fill a volume.
deed, these streams and the immense
basin which they drain, are so little
known, that some years must elapse
before any thing like a fair delineation of the value and beauty of this
Enginteresting 'section of
tributaries of
New
land can be given.
Penobscot Bay. The waters of
this bay extend from OwVs Head
on the west, to Burnt Coat Island
a distance of about 30
on the E.
;
miles.
lands,
and a
It
Fox
At its mouth
Deer Isle, Isle of Haut,
number of smaller islands.
are
extends
to
Belfast
bay,
at
Is-
the
country constituting a counrather a district within the
state, to be divided into counties as
exigencies may require. Not more
than a fourth part of the territory
is settled, incorporated into towns,
With the excepor even granted.
tion of a small portion at its southern boimdary, it comprises a fertile
wilderness, densely wooded, pierction of
ty, is
ed
in
every
direction with mill
streams, and adorned with beautiful
lakes.
It contains a larger extent
of territory than the whole agricultural slate of Vermont, with its
14 large and flourishing counties ;
of no better soil, at a greater distance from the ocean, in nearly the
same latitude, and, in 1S37, with a
population of no less than 31 to a
square mile.
In 1837, before a part of this territory was set off to form Piscataquis
county, it comprised an area of 10,57S square miles. It was incorpoIn 1790,
rated as a county in 131G.
population of only
it contained a
1,154. In 1820, the population was
13,870; 1330, 31,530, and in 1837,
Population to a square^
54,961.
Increase of
mile, 5 and a fraction.
population, in 7 years, 74 per cent.
There are some mountains in this
county, but the surface is generally
undulating, containing as small a
portion of waste land as any county
in the state, in proportion to
Vv ith
regard
to its soil,
it
its
size.
is
con-
ceded by all who have traveled
through the territory and examined
producit, that its quality, for the
of Penobscot river, a distance of 20 miles N. from Owl's
Head. This bay contains a great
number of commodious harbors, and
on its borders are many large and
tion of all the comm-odities necessa-
It
flourishing commercial towns.
affords a great variety of fish, and
the scenery among the islands is de-
consist
mouth
lightful.
Pciiolbscot
County, Me.
Bangor, chief town.
27*
This sec-
the wants and comforts of
man, is better than the soil of NewEngland generally.
ry for
of this county
principally of lumber, of
The manufactures
is annuOther manufac-
which an immense amount
ally transported.
tures, however, are rising on the
banks of its rivers, and will doubtless increase with its population.
In 1837, there were 39,154 sheep
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
county of Penobscot, and its
crop, the same year, amounted to 202,143 bushels.
Large portions of the soil of this
almost wilderness county are stated
to be exceedingly luxuriant, equalling in quality the famed lands of
the Ohio valley.
There are doubt-
The surface of the
pleasant, and the soil good.
Population, 1837, 1,496.
Wheat
crop, same year, 2,074 bushels.
Incorporated, 1787.
less large tracts of land
pleasant town, with a good soil and
handsome orchards. It is watered
by the Nashua river, which gives
it a good water power.
There are
three paper mills in the town, and
in the
wheat
in the val-
Mattawamkeag, AroosMadawaska, as
and which will ultimately
leys of the
took, St. Johns, and
fertile,
become
as valuable
for their agri-
ing sea port.
town
is
Peppcrell, Masg.
Middlesex
cultural productions, as any in our
manufactures
country.
boots, shoes,
The water power of this county
unrivalled by any section of country of its extent in the world, and
the noble Penobscot furnishes it
with a cheap and convenient passage for the wants of its people
from abroad, and for the surplus
productions of the soil at home.
When the resources of this county are more fully developed and
better understood wlien the healthfulness of the climate, the purity
of its air and water, are fairly
compared with those of the western
and southern prairies, and when the
value of a surplus bushel of wheat,
or a fat ox on the banks of the Ohio,
is compared with the value of the
same productions on the banks of
the Penobscot, we trust there will
be less complaint against the soil of
England, for the want of patronage it affords to the enterprize,
comfort, and wealth of her children.
is
;
New
Pe5iol>scot,
Me.
co.
A maritime town,
on the E. side of Penobscot bay,
nearly opposite to Belfast, and i2
miles E. by N. from it.
It is 75
miles E. by N. from Augusta, 8 N.
by E. from Castine, and 17 S. W.
from Ellsworth. An arm of Penobscot bay sets up from the S. W., and
gives the town great navigable facilities.
It has a great water power,
and its manufacture of lumber, its
ship building, and coasting trade,
render it an important and flourish-
Hancock
co.
of
&c.
This
is
palm-leaf
a
very
hats,
Annual amount
about $80,000. Incorporated, 1753.
Population, 1837, 1,586.
It lies 33
miles N.W. from Boston, and 17
N. N. W. from Concord.
Col. William Prescott, the
brave
defender of Charlestown
heights, was a native of this town.
He
died in 1795, aged 70.
This town derived its name from
Sir
William Pepperell, who
about the year 1727, was chosen
one of his majesty's council, and
was annually re-elected 32 years,
till his death.
Living in a country exposed to a ferocious enemy,
h.e was well fitted for the situa-
which he was placed, for it
pleased God to give him a vigorous
frame, and a mind of firm texture, and of great calmness in danger.
He rose to the highest military honors which hiscountiy could
bestow upon him. When the expedition against Louisbourg was
contemplated, he was commissioned by the governors of New England to command the troops.
Ho
invested the city in 1745.
There
was a remarkable seiies of providences in the whole affair, and Mr.
Pepperell ascribed his unparalleled
success to the God of armies. The
king, in rcAvard for his services,
conferred upon him the dignity of a
baronet of Great Britain, an honor
never before conferred on a native
of New England.
He died at his
seat in Kittery, Maine, July 6,
I759,aged 63 years, leaving but on«
tion, in
�GAZETTEER.
NEW ENGLAND
good navigable
is favored with
considerawaters, and is a place of
busiiel Sparhawk.
enterprise in the fishing
ble
liam (son of Col.
and the coasting
The name and ness, ^bip building, It is 184 miles
iu London in 1817.
and lumber trade.
2o J^.
title are extinct.
E by N. from Augusta, and
relict ot
Incorporated,
Lady Mary Pepperel
her N. E. from Machias.
died at
Sir William Pepperell,
Population, 1837,929.
1818.
daughter, the
^^nfe Of Col. NathanilThe last feudied
Sparhawk,) \J
It
seatinKittery,Nov.25,1789^She
town,
At Pleasant Point, in this
Hirst,
river, is an
was daughter of Grove
on the margin of the
of Hon
ot
Esq. and ^rand-daughter
reservation, the residence
Her natural and Indian
Judge Sewall.
the Oiieyiangos, or
remnant of
said to be the
acquired powers were
Passamaquoddij tribe. The village
and she was much
respectable,
Catholic church,
very
sweetness
admired for her wit and
»
of manners.
William Pepperkll,
Sir William,
ther of the
native of Cornwall,
t^rst
the
la-
was
a
contains a Roman
souls.-—
about 20 cottages, and 120
about
reservation comprises
The
27,000 acres.
England, and
about the
emigrated to this country
settled at the Isles
year 1676, and
of Shoals,
said
as a
so
he was
after his
Pervi,
Me.
Peru is bounded on
CO.
and
by Androscoggin river,
It is the N
fisherman.
pleasant ponds and
contains some
poor for some time
has a good soil and
arrival, that the lady
the
paid his addresses at
to
Oxford
It
mill streams.
bushe.s of
produced, in 1837, 3,457
year,
he
Population, same
wheat.
to him.
Peru
Shoals would not hearken
Incorporated, 1821.
his 854.
However, in a few years by
W. by N. from Augusgot lies 38 miles
frugality, he
from Pans.
industry and
ta, and 17 N. by E.
out a brig, which
enouo-h to send
Peru, Vt.
lady now
he lolded to Hull. The
After his marGreen
consent.
gave her
Bennington CO. This is a
he removed to Kittery, Mountain township, high and brokriao-e,
wealthy
hsh ponds
where he became a very
It contains two large
en
merchant, and died in 1734.
which issue beautiful mounfrom
First settled, 1 73^
tain streams.
Peqiiawkett River, N. H.
It lies 3C
Population, 1830, 455.
Pequawkett, written by Belknap miles N. N. E. from Bennington,
PickWindsor.
Piswacket, and by Sullivan
and SOS. W. from
true orthography is
wocket, but the
Peru, Mass.
an Infound to be Pe-quaw-kett;
applied to a considerable
rough
dian name
Berkshire co. This is a
wherein
country, now including
whom
/
of
town,
Me., and mountainous
and W estConway, N. H., Fryeburgh,
branches of Housatonick
towns.It was formerly
and some of the adjacent
rise.
fiehl rivers
of a river flowand i^nconx)It is also the name
called Partridgefield,
ne
Saco, from two ponds
ino- into the
by that name in 1771. 1
be- rated
tract
mountain
in^Eaton; and of a
Bartlett and Chatham,
tween
merly called Kearsarge.
for
Perry, Mc.
lies
Washington co. This town
w!side of St. Croix river,
on the
Eastport,
and 5 miles
to
which
N. W.
it is
from
connected by a bridge.
«oil
The
ers.
grazing.
cold but adapted for
tarminhabitants are chiefly
In
Population, 1837, 656.
is
that year 6,127 sheep
n
wh
Sftll
were sheared
wool,
town; the value of the
was
lbs
h weighed 18,381
111 miles AV.
Peru lies
948
18 N.E. from Lenox,
this
lorn Boston,
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
and 47 E. from Albany, N. Y.
It
highest land between the
Coanecticat and Hudson rivers.
is
the
Peterljoro-ugli,
Hillsborough
co.
midway between
'X.
M,
75 miles
W.
S.
lies
Amherst
and
W.
from Ports-
mouth, 60 N. W. from Boston, and
40 S. \V. from Concord. Peterborough lies in a N. E. direction from
the Grand Monadnock,and is bounded on the E. by a chain of hills
Contoocalled Pack Monadnock.
cook river runs in a N. E. and N.
direction through the centre of the
town, affording several good pi-ivi-
The
leges for mills and factories.
N. branch, from Dublin, originating
partly from waters near the Monadnock, and partly from Long, or
Hunt's pond, lying in Nelson and
Hancock, atfords a never-failing
supply of water, and furnishes those
noble falls, on v/hich are situated
There are exseveral factories.
tensive and valuable meadows on
this branch, above these falls; and
the soil generally throughout the
town is excellent. In the centre
of the town is a high hill, formerly
the site of a meeting house, at an
elevation of 200 feet above the rivThe chain of hills on the E. is
er.
distinguished by two pi-incipal sumBetween these summits is a
mits.
depression of a quarter part of the
mountain's height. About GO rods
W. of the ridge, or summit of this
depression, on an emhenchment of
the mountain, is a pond of about
9 acres extent, very deep and replenished with fish, at an elevation
of 200 feet above the site of meetThere are rocks
ing liouse hill.
in several places which afford indications of sulphur, and ci-umbie on
exposure to the sun and air. Iron
ore of an excellent quality has been
discovered, but as yet in small
quantities. Peterborough was granted in 1733, by the government of
Massachusetts
to
settlement
In 1759 there
were 45 families, and on the 17th
Jan., the next year, the town was
Samuel Hey wood
tirst
The
incorporated.
This town
Keene, being 20 miles from each.
It is
The
and others.
took place in 1739.
tirst settlers
of
Peterborough were Scotch Presbyterians, from Ireland, or their immediate descendants. Wholly unused to clearing and cultivating of
wild lands, they endured great hardTheir nearest gristmill was
ships.
miles distant
at Townsend, 25
their road, a line of marked trees.
The tirst male child born here, was
John Richie
;
he was born Feb 22,
1751, and died in the service of his
country at Cambridge, in 1776.
Population, 1830,1,934.
Petersliam, Mass.
Worcester co. Petersham is a
very pleasant town, elevated on a
swell of fertile land, and presenting a fine prospect of many
of the neighboring towns.
It was
first settled about the year 1732, and
was called by the Indians JYashawang. Swift river waters a part
of the town, and affords a water
power. There is a Vv^oolen mill in
the town; and manufactures of
palm-leaf hats, leather, boots, shoes,
chairs, and cabinet ware
total annual value, about $60,000.
It lies
62 miles W. by N. from Boston, and
:
27 N.
W. from Worcester.
tion,
1S37, 1,731.
Popula-
Incorporated,
1754.
Pliillips,
Me.
This town is waby Sandy river. It lies 53
N. W. from Augusta, and 15
Franklin co.
tered
miles
N. W. from Farm in gton. IncorpoPop. 1830, 954; 1837,
Wlieat crop, in 1837, 6,23S
rated, 1812.
1,283.
bushels,
Pliilllpstou, Mass.
Worcester co.
There is a large
pond in this town, the source of
Burnshint river. This pleasant town
was taken from Athol and Templeton, in 1786.
It was called Gerry
until 1812.
The manufactures of
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
the town consist of cotton and
woolen goods, p;ilm-leaf hats, leath-
and shoes ; annual value,
It lies 53 miles N.
about $75,000.
W. by VV. from Boston, and 25 N.
W. from Worcester. Population,
1837, 8S7.
er, boots
Pliipsbur^^li,
Lincoln
town
at the
co.
This
mouth
of
is
Me.
a maritime
Kennebec
riv-
on the west side, 40 miles S.
from Augusta, and IS S. W. from
er,
Wiscasset. Population, 1837, 1,430.
of a peninsula of land,
of about 15 miles in length, and
from two to four miles in width, lying between Kennebec river, on
the east, and New Meadows, or
Stevens' river, on the west, and extending from Small Point, the eastern boundary of Casco bay, to the
town of Bath on the north. It conIt consists
the first governor under it.
He arrived at Boston, as governor, in 1692
In 1694, in a dispute with the col
lector of the port. Sir W'illiam so
far forgot his dignity as to descend
to blows.
He was removed from
office,
and
returned
to
England.
Pie received assurance of being restored, but before that event happened he died, in 1695, aged 44.
Phipsburgh
has
considerable
trade and navigation.
Ship building is pursued, and fishing is a
source of profit. There is no better site for fishing establishments
on the coast. It is a very pleasant
town, and an agreeable location to
court the sea breezes in summer.
Picrmont,
IS.
H.,
Grafton co., is bounded N. by
Haverhill.
miles N.
It is 65
N. W. from Concord.
The soil,
tains a U. S. fort, and Seguin and especially on the Connecticut, is
Pond islands, on which are light good. The meadows, or intervales,
houses.
are extensive, and in some instanPhipsburgh was taken from the es highly cultivated. The meadancient town of Bristol, in 1816, ows are composed of sandy loam,
and named in honor of Governor in some places inclined to marie,
Phips, who was born in Bristol. and are favorable to the growth of
Governor Phips lived in the wil- wheat, corn and every kind of grain.
derness of Maine till he was eigh- Back from the river the town is
teen years of age, and was then an made up of swells of fine giazing
apprentice to a ship-carpenter four and mowing land, well watered with
years.
He went to Boston, and brooks and springs. In the N. E.
learned to read and write. He chose part of the town are three considEastman's
called
erable ponds,
to seek his fortune on the sea, and
From these ponds issues
had the good luck to discover the ponds.
wreck of a very valuable Spanish Eastman's brook, which, passing in
vessel on the coast of Hispaniola, a S. E. direction, falls into Connecand by the aid of the British gov- ticut river, forming a number of
ernment succeeded in tishing up excellent mill seats. Indian brook,
plate, pearls and jewels, amounting on which mills are erected, is in the
in value to three hundred thousand S. part. The settlement commencPopulation, in 1830,
pounds sterling, with which he ed in 1770.
in 1687.
He obenterprise sixteen
thousand pounds, and the honor of
sailed to
England
tained by
knighthood.
his
He
returned
to
Bos-
1690, and commanded the
expedition against
Port Royal,
which place he captured. When
the new charter of Massachusetts was obtained he was appointed
ton
in
1,042.
Pilot Mountain, N. H.
See Killienny.
Piscataqna River, X. H.
The only large
course
is
in
whose entire
Hampshire, is
river
New
formed by the junction of several
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
small streams in a wide and deep
bed hollowed out partly by them,
and partly by the tide. The names
of these streams, beginning at the
northeast, are Salmon Fall, Coeheco, Bellamy bank, Oyster, Lamprey,
Squamscnt, and Winnicut rivers.
;
The
live last unite their waters in
a large and irregular bay between
Durham and Greenland, more resembling a lake than a river. The
waters of this bay meet those of
Salmon Fall and Cocheco rivers,
" That from and
day of April next,
after the
last
that portion
of territory lying north of the south
lines of Parkman and Wellington,
in the county of Somerset, and lying
north of the north lines of the towns
of Dexter, Garland, Charleston,
Bradford, and south line of Kilmarnock, in the county of Penobscot;
and bounded east by the east lines of
all
and join the ocean 2 or 3 miles
below Portsmouth; embosoming
several islands, and forming one of
the best harbors on the continent.
Milton, Kilmarnock and townships
four in the eighth and
ninth ranges; and thence bounded
east by a line running north from
the northeast corner of said township numbered four, in the ninth
range, to the north line of the state ;
and bounded on the west by the
west lines of Wellington, Kingsbury, Shirley, and township number
two in the iifth range and thence
Few
bounded west
coming from the northwest at Hilton's point, a few miles below DoAfter
ver.
ceed
east
this junction,
in a direct
they pro-
line to the
south-
;
rivers
make
a
more magnifi-
cent appearance than this ; yet the
streams by which it is supplied are
small.
Salmon Fall furnishes more
than all the rest.
This stream is
JVewicliawannock fi'om the
Berwick till it receives the
waters of the Cocheco
but the
name of Piscataqua ought to be applied to the whole of Salmon Fall
called
falls in
;
river.
Piscataquis Kivei', Me.
numbered
;
by
a line
running
north from the northwest corner
of said township number two, to the
Kennebec river; thence up and by
the southerly bank of said river to
Moose Head lake thence bounded
westerly by the westerly margin
of said lake, to the northwest angle
of said lake
and thence bounded
west by a line running north, to the
north line of the state
be and the
same is hereby constituted and
made a county by the nam.e of," &c.
This county is therefore bounded
N. W. and N. by the British possessions in Lower Canada, E. by the
county of Penobscot, S. by the
counties of Penobscot and Somer;
—
—
•The head waters of this river are
found in the high lands which separate the waters of Penobscot and
Kennebec rivers. Its length is about
65 miles, passing in a course nearly set, and W. by Somerset county
east.
It has many tributaries, of
There are numerous lakes and ponds
which Sebec and Pleasant rivers, in the county, the largest of which
and Seboois stream, from the north, are the Moose Head, Chesuncook
are the largest.
In its course it and Pemadumcook. The county is
fertilizes large tracts of country,
crossed by the Piscataquis, Penoband gives to the towns through scot and Walloomstook riveis, but
which it passes a good hydraulic most of its excellent mill streams,
power.
of which there are many, rise within the county, from its own natural
Piscataquis Cowiity, Me.
-Dover, chief town.
This county
.vas incorporated, T^Iarcli 23, 1838.
Its territory is
thus described in the
act of incorporation, to wit
There are some considersources.
able elevations, the largest of which
is Katahdin Mountain.
The character of the surface and soil of Piscataquis county is generally that of
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEEH
Penobscot and Somerset counties,
from which it was taken.
Piscataqiiog River, N. H.,
formed of two principal branches, one from Francestown, the other
from Henniker and Deering, which
unite and form the main stream near
Is
It purthe W. line of Gofistown.
sues a southeasterly course through
Goffstown and the N. E. corner of
Bedford, where it falls into Merri-
mack
Pittsfield, N.
Merrimack
co.
PiscATAQuoG Village,
on
and near its mouth, is a
thriving and pleasant village, situthis riv'er
ate in the N. E. part of Bedford. A
handsome bridge is constructed over
the Piscataquog, in this village, 60
Since the Union
feet in length.
Canal commenced operation, the
boating business to this place has
been carried on with much success.
On the S. side of the river, below
this village, is a public landing
place, extending fo the Merrimack,
and from this place lumber of all
descriptions from the circumjacent
country, is conveyed down the river to market by rafts and boats to
Newburyport,and through the ^liddlesex canal to Charlestown and
Boston. The rise and present flourishing appearance of this village is
owing in a great measure to the
enterprise and industry of V/illiam
Parker and Isaac Riddle, esquires,
who were the lirst to commence
in this
the mercantile business
place.
Pittsfield,
Me.
Somerset co. This is a town of
excellent soil, and a branch of Sebasticook river rises in the S. E.
corner.
The inhabitants are generally good and thriving farmers.
Pittsfield was incorporated in 1819.
Wheat crop, 1837, 4,869 bushels.
1837, 836.
Population, 1830, 609
It lies 38 miles N. N. E. from Augusta, and 20 E. from Norridgewock.
;
surface of
Pittsfield is pleasantly varied, with
a good soil.
Suncock river passes
through the town, affording good
mill privileges.
Catamount mountain stretches across the S. E. partot
the town, from the summit of which
delightful views are obtained. There
are a number of ponds in the town ;
west of which the magnetic-needle
varies materially. Berry's pond is on
the mountain
it is half a mile in
length, and is supplied by mountain
springs.
There is a neat and flourishing village in Pittsfield
a large
cotton mill, a scj'the factory, and an
:
river.
H.
The
—
;
academy.
This town was
first
settled in 1784.
Population, 1830, 1,271. It
miles N. E. from Concord.
is
16
Pittsfield, Vt.
Rutland co. Tweed river is formed in this tov/n, by two branches,
which afford mill seats: it empties
into
White
river,
which
passes
The
through the N. E. corner.
surface of the town is mountainous,
and the soil hard. Pittsfield was
Population,
1786.
35 miles S. S. W.
from ]\Iontpelier, and 17 N. E. from
first
settled
1830, 505.
in
It lies
Rutland.
Pittsfield, Mass.
Berkshire co. This large manufacturing and agricultural town, a
mart of trade for a large section of
country, lies 125 miles W. from
Boston, 5 N. from Lenox, and 33 E.
from Albany, N. Y. Population,
The settlement of
1837, 3,575.
this place, the
Indian Pontoosuck^
It was
in 1736.
incorporated in 1761. It was a frontier town for some years, and garrisons were erected for the protection
of the inhabitants against the in-
was commenced
The town is
roads of the savages.
finely watered by two branches of
the Housatonick, which unite near
There are in Pittsfield
its centre.
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
6 woolen and 2 cotton mills, and
manufactures of muskets, iron castings, tin ware, leather, hats, car-
ant town, on the east side of Kennebec river, opposite to Gardiner;
7 miles S. by E. from Augusta.
It
riages, prunella hutton'5,
chairs, is a flourishing town, of good soil,
corn brooms, cabinet ware, &c.
and has several ponds and mill
streams, and a considerable business
total amount, the year ending April
1,1S37, $68S,71(». The value of in the lumber trade. Incorporated,
Population, 1837, 2,121.—
12,962 fleeces of wool sheared in 1779.
the
town the same year, was Wheat crop, same year, 2,231 bushPittsfield is one of the els.
$19,443.
pleasantest towns in New England
Plaiiiiield, N. H.,
it lies 1,000 feet above the level of
Sullivan co., lies on Connecticut
the sea, in a fertile valley between
It is 12 miles S. from Dartthe Taughkannick and Green moun- river.
tain ranges.
The village is well mouth college, and N. W. 55 from
There is considerable
located, and contains many beauti- Concord.
valuable inteivale, on Connecticut
ful buildings, which, with the fine
scenery and well cultivated farms river, and in other parts are excelThere are two
that surround it, presents a great lent meadows.
At the S. W. part of this
variety to charm the eye and to ponds.
gratify the taste of the intelligent town, in CoTinecticut river, is Hart's
:
There
are in Pittsfield a medical
institution, a female academy, &c.,
which will be noticed in the Register.
Rutland co. Otter creek meanthrough this very pleasant and
floui-ishing town, nearly in its centre, and fertilizes a large part of
its territory.
Furness rivei- afrbrds
the town good pi-iviieges, on which
are large iron works and other manufactories.
Iron ore of a very fine
quality, and elastic marble, are
abundant; also, the oxide of managricultural produc-
tions are valuable.
In 1837 there
were in the town 12,363 sheep.
A
female child was born here in 17S4,
who died at the age of 9 years, and
weighed 200 pounds. Pittsford was
first settled about the year 1770.
It
was
a
frontier
Vengence
town
for a
The remains
ber of years.
are
still
of
visible.
numFort
This
44 miles S. W. from Montpelier, and 8 N. from Rutland.
town
lies
Population, 1830, 2,005.
Pittston, Me.
Kennebec
CO.
stream, flowing from Croydon mountains, waters the town.
Liituated
dei-3
The
A small
Plainiield
Pittsford, Vt.
ganese.
which contains 19 acres.
Waterqueechy falls are in this town.
A bridge was erected here in 1807.
island,
agriculturalist.
Pittston is a pleas-
has a pleasant village,
on
a handsome plain,
centi-e of which the
N. and S. On a pleasant eminence in Meriden parish is
located " The Union Academy," incorporated June 16, 1313.
It is endowed with a permanent fund of
through the
street passes
,1^40,000, the liberal
bequest of the
Hon. Daniel,
interest of which,
Kimball, the
late
directed
applied as
as
his last will, is to be
by
fol-
lows, viz !^150 annually to the
support of a Calvinistic preacher,
and the remainder for the instruction of pious young men for the
:
ministry.
This seminary is in a
flourishing
condition.
Plainiield
was granted in 1761, and was settled
Population, 1830, 1,581.
in 1764.
Plainiield,
Washington
co.
"Vt.
First settled,
1330, 874.
It
Population,
1794.
lies 8 miles E. from Montpelier, and
21 from Nev/bury.
At the junction of Onion river and Great brook,
in this town, is a neat village with
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER
some manufacturing operations by
There is a mineral spring
water.
in the town of some note, and a tine
The soil is geuenilly of
trout pond.
a good quality, and feeds about
3,000 sheep.
Flainiield, Mass.
Plaistow, N.
II.
Rockingham
co.
It lies 36 miles
from Concord, and 30 S. W.
from Portsmouth.
Plaistow was orriginally a part of Haverhill, Mass.,
and included in the purchase of the
S. S. E.
Indians in 1642.
Among the first
were Capt. Charles Bartlett,
Nicholas White, Esq., Dea. Benja-
settlers
Hampshire
co.
town
This
is
elevated on the Green mountain
range, at the N. W. corner of the
county, and watered by the upper
branches
of
Westfield river.
Although the surface is rough and
mountainous, 3et the soil is excellent for pasturage, and produces some
In 1S37, the fleeces of
fine cattle.
3,772 sheep, sheared in this town,
were valued
at $.5,379.
There are
min Kimball and
J. Harriman.
Their posterity now inhabit the
town. After it became annexed to
New Hampshire, a charter was
granted in 1749. The soil of this
town is good, being a mixture of
black loam, clay and gravel. Population, in 1830, 591.
Piatt River, Vt.
2 woolen mills, and manufactures of
This small but good mill stream
boots, shoes, leather, palm-leaf hats,
rises in a pond in Richmond
passtotal anchairs, cabinet ware, &c
es through Hinesburgh, and a cornual value about $40,000. Plain- ner of Charlotte, and falls into
field lies 110 miles W. by N. from
Shelburne bay.
Boston, and 20 N. W. from Northampton. Incorporated, 17S5. PopPleasant Rivers, Me.
ulation, 1837, 865.
Pleasant River, in Washington
county, rises from a pond in BedPlaiiifield, Ct.
dington, and passing in a N. E. diWindham CO. Mooseup river af- rection falls intoPleasant river hay,
fords this town a good water power, which lies E. from Naraguagus bay,
on which, in the pleasant villages of and is connected with that bay, at
Unionville and Centreville, are its mouth.
considerable manufactures of cotPleasant River, Piscataquis counThis town
ton and woolen goods.
mill stream
a
was incorporated in 1700 a part ty, is an important
of the Piscataquis, from
land is broken and stony, but tributary
of the
two
It receives the
the north.
in the western section there is an
branches, as they are callextensive plain, of a light sandy Ebeeme
about 15 miles from its mouth,
loam, noted for its adaptation to the ed,
in Milo.
growth of corn and other grain.
;
;
;
:
in olden times this plain was called
the Egypt of the surrounding country.
The village is on a commanding
eminence, from which there is an
extensive prospect, and in which is
one of the best academies in the
state
;
incorporated in 1783.
It lies
41 E. from Hartford, and 8 S. by E.
from Brooklyn. Population, 1830,
2,290.
28
Plimi Island, Mass.
See JVewhury.
Plymcutli, Me.
This is a fine
Penobscot co.
township of land, watered by beautiful ponds, and a valuable branch
It lies 45
river.
of Sebasticook
miles N. E. from Augusta, and 23
W. from Bangor. Wheat crop, 1337,
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER,
Population, same
4,530 bushels.
Incorporated, 1828.
year, 791.
Plymoiitli, N. H.,
The
half shire of Grafton county,
75 miles N. W. from Portsmouth,
31 S. E. from Haverhill, and 40 N.
from Concord. This town is well
watered. Besides numerous smaller streams, there are two rivers,
Pemigewasset and Baker's, both ot
which are of considerable importance.
They take their rise in the
heio-ht of land between the Connecticut and Merrimack, called the
eastern ridge.
Baker's river is 30
miles in length. The soil is tolerably good, and in general is well culis
tivated.
Holmes' academy
is
situ-
ated in this town, and is a very flourishing school. Plymouth was granted in 176.3. The first settlement
commenced in 1764. The intervales in this town were formerly the
resort of Indians for hunting.
At
the mouth of Baker's river they
had a settlement, where Indian
graves, bones, &c., have been
also
found
gun barrels, stone
mortars, pestles, and other utensils.
Here, it is said, the Indians were
attacked by Capt. Baker and a party
from Haverhill, Mass., who defeated them, killed a number and destroyed a large quantity of fur.
From him, Baker's river derives its
name.
Population, in 1830, 1,175.
:
Plymoiitli, Vt.
quite abrupt.
The soil is generally good for grazing, and considerable products of the dairy are sent
is
market.
Black
and
Plymouth lies 52 miles S. from
Montpelier, and 15 W. by N. from
Windsor. Population, 1830, 1,237.
First settled, 1776.
Plymoiitli Coujity, Mass.
Ph/mouth, chief town.
Queechy
rivers take their rise here, and afford mill privileges.
There are a
number of natural ponds in the
town, which furnish a great supply of trout and other fish.
Among
the lime stone rocks which abound
in this town are numerous caves,
some of which ars very large, and
The
soil
New
of this most ancient county in
England, is not so productive as that
of many others in Massachusetts;
yet there is considerable good land
within its limits.
It has a great
water power, which
is
more
partic-
ularly applied to the manufacture
of iron ware, of all sorts, both
wrought and cast. It has an abundant supply of iron ore, of a superior quality.
This county has a sea
coast on Massachusetts bay, of between 30 and 40 miles, and many
ships are built in its numerous ports
of native white oak.
This county
has considerable foreign commerce;
but its shipping is principally engaged in the tishing business and
coasting trade.
It is bounded N.
E. by Massachusetts bay, N. by
Norfolk county, and Boston harbor,
W. and N. W. by Norfolk county,
S. W. by Bristol county, and S. E.
by Buzzard's bay, and Barnstable
county. Area, about 600 square
miles.
This county was incorporated
in
1635.
Population,
1320,
38,1.36; 1830,42,993; 1837,46,253.
Population, to a square mile, 77.
The North
Windsor co. Two mountains in
this town rise to a considerable elevation, one of which. Mount Tom,
to
Extensive beds of soapcurious.
stone are found here.
river,
emptying
into
Massachusetts bay, and numerous
branches of the Taunton, are its
chief rivers.
In 1837, there were in this county 11,410 sheep.
The value of the
manufactures, the year ending
April 1, 1837, was $4,896,907.—
The value of the fishery, during the
same period, was ,$582,419.
Plymoiitli, Mass.
Plymouth
Chief town. This
it being the
oldesi settlement by Europeans in
New England, and the landing
place
is full
co.
of interest,
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
place of our forefathers on the 22d of
December. 1620. Its Indian name
was Fatuxet. Plymouth lies 35
miles S. E. by S. from Boston
N.
W. Ion. 70° 40'
lat. 41° 57' 30".
45". Population, 1830, 4,334 1837,
Incorporated, 1620.
5,034.
"Plymouth was the first town built
:
;
New
able fortitude, their undaunted resolution, their love to each other,
their justice and humanity to the
savages, and there freedom from all
those stains which elsewhere spotted the character even of their com-
panions in
affliction,
view them
we
cannot but
as illustrious
brothers,
England by civilized man
claiming the veneration and apand those by whom it was built plause of all their posterity.
were interior in worth to no body
The institutions, civil, literary,
of men, whose names are recorded and religious, by which New Engin
;
in history, during the last seventeen
hundred years.
kind ofvenerableness, arising from these facts,
A
attaches to this town, which may
a prejudice.
Still, it has
its foundation in the nature of man,
and will never be eradicated either
by philosophy or ridicule.
No
Englander, who is willing to
indulge his native feelings, can
stand upon the rock, where our ancestors set the first foot after their
arrival
on the American shore,
be termed
New
without experiencing emotions very
which are exby any common object of the
same nature. No New Englander
could be willing to have that rock
Let him
buried and forgotten.
reason as much, as coldly, and as
ingeniously as he pleases, he v/ill
different from those
cited
regard that spot with emotions
wholly different from those which
are excited by other places of e-qual
We
or even superior importance.
cannot wish this trait in the human
In a higher
character obliterated.
still
where
truth is universally as well as cordially embiaced, and virtue controls without a
rival, this prejudice, if it must be
called by that name, will become
useless, and may, therefore, be
But in our pressafely discarded.
ent condition, every attachment,
which is innocent, has its use, and
contributes both to fix and to soften
man. When we call to mind the
history of their sufferings on both
sides of the Atlantic, when we remember their pre-eminent patience,
state of being,
their unspotted piety, their
immove-
land is distinguished on this side the
Atlantic, began here.
Here the
manner of holding lands in free
soccage, nov/ universal in this country, commenced.
Here the right
of sufferage was imparted to every
citizen, to every inhabitant not disqualified by poverty or vice.
Here
was formed the first establishment
of towns, of the local legislature,
which is called a town meeting, and
executive,
of the peculiar town
Here the
styled the selectmen.
first parochial school was set up,
and the system originated for communicating to every child in the
community the knowledge of reading, wiiting, and arithmetic. Here,
also, the first building was erected
for the worship of God ; the first
religious assembly gathered ; and
the first minister called and settled,
by the voice of the church and conOn these simple foundgregation.
since been erected a
ations has
structure of good order, peace, lib-
knowledge, morals and religwith which nothing on this side
the Atlantic can bear a remote com-
erty,
ion,
pai'ison."
The
land in this town
is generally
but there is a
border of considerable extent on
the sea board, having been well cul-
hilly,
and sandy
tivated,
soil,
;
consisting of a rich
loamy
and capable of yielding large
crops.
The town is watered by Eel and
Wonkinqua rivers. Town, Willingsly and Double brooks, and more
than 200 ponds, the largest of which
is
called
Billington ^Sea.
" This
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
was formerly called Fresh Lake. singular rite, hut could only conwas discovered about the 1st of jecture that it was an acknowledgJanuary, 1621, by Francis Billing- ment of an invisible Being, the unwhile mounted on a tree known God whom this people worton,
It was in the shipped.
This pile was their altar.
standing on a hill.
midst of a thick forest, and when
Burying Hill, formerly Fort
It
seen at a distance, Billington supposed it to be another sea. On the
8th of January, he went with one
of the master's mates, to view the
place.
They found two lakes contiguous, separated by a narrow space;
the largest is about six miles in
circumference, and is the far famed
Billington Sea. It is about two
miles southwest from the town, and
from it issues the Town brook. In
this pond there are two small islands. The largest, containing about
two acres, having been planted
with apple-trees, produces excellent fruit.
This pond is well stocked with pickerel and perch. The
majestic eagle is frequently seen
cowering over
this
pond, and has
nest in the branches of the trees, visiting the flats in
the harbor at low tide in pursuit of
fish and birds. Loons, and the beaufor
ages built
its
wood-duck produce their young
sequestered retreats about this
pond, annually.
The fallow deer, tenacious of
their ancient place of rendezvous,
continue to visit this pond for drink,
and to hrowse on its margin. For
many years this beautiful pond was
tiful
in
a favorite resort for social parties.
house was erected on the bank, a
pleasure-boat was in the pond, and
tea-parties and tishing-parties united in the happiest enjoyments.
There are on the road to Sandwich, in the woods, two rocks called Sacrifice rocks. They are covered with sticks and stones, which
A
have been accumulating
ries.
It
for
centu-
was the constant practice
among
the aboriginals, to throw a
stone, or stick on the rock in passing.
The late Rev. Mr. Hawley,
who
spent many years among the
natives atMarshpee, endeavored to
learn from them the desigrnof this
Immediately in the rear of
the town is a hill, rising 165 feet
above the sealevel, embracing about
eight acres.
On the summit of the
southwest side, the pilgrims erected first some temporary defence,
hut, in 1675, on the approach of
Philip's war they erected a strong
fort, 100 feet square, strongly palisadoed, ten and a half feet high.
No other place could have been so
well chosen, either for discovering
the approach of savages, or for defending the town against their attacks.
The settlement was rendered perfectly secure, and springs
of water were at their command.
The whole circuit of the fort is still
distinctly visible, a watch-house of
brick was also built near the fort.
The view presented from this
eminence, embracing the harbor
and the shores of the bay for miles
around, is not, perhaps, inferior to
any in the country. Let the antiquarian come at full tide and when
the billows are calmed, and seat
Hill.
himself on this mount, that he may
survey the incomparable landscape,
and enjoy the interesting associations with which he will be inspired.
Immediately beneath the
hill lies the town in full view, and
beyond this the harbor and shipping.
The harbor is a beautiful
expanse of water, bounded on the S.
by Manomet point, and near which
commences a beach three miles in
length, breasting the rolling billows
of the bay, and serving as a barrier
to the wharves ; and on the N. E.
by a promontory extending from
Marshfield, called the Gurnet, on
the point of which stands the lighthouse.
These several points, together
with the opposite shores, compietely enclose
the
harbor, having
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
and Saquish in its
points opens
the great bay of Massachusetts,
bounded at the southern extremity
by the peninsula of Cape Cod,
which is distinctly visible, and
spreading boundless to the northClark's
Island
bosom.
Beyond these
On the N. appears the flourishing village of Duxbury, shooting
into the bay, and exhibiting a handsome conical hill, ever to be remembered as once the property and
residence of the gallant Standish.
east.
Between Duxbury and Plymouth,
the harbor and pleasant village
Having taken a surof Kingston.
vey of this magnificent group, so
exceedingly endeared to the
England antiquarian, and enjoyed a
spiritual vision of the Mayflower,
is
There are in Plymouth 3 cotton
mills, 3 nail factories, and manufactures of vessels, cordage, boots,
shoes, leather, hats, straw bonnets,
chairs, tin and cabinet wares
the
value of which for the year ending
April 1,1837, was $508,932.
During that year there were 4 vessels
engaged in the whale fishery, 45 in
the cod and mackerel fishery, and a
large number of vessels employed
in the merchant service and coasting trade. Tonnage of the district,
The product
in 1337, 26,635 tons.
of the fishery, the same year, was
:
$154,636.
The corner
New Hall
laden with men, women and children, come as founders of a mighty
empire, we are next led to view a
scene of more solemn contemplaThe whole extent of the hill
tion.
is covered with the symbols of mortality, the sepulchres of our venerWe tread on the ashated fathers.
some of those to whom we are
indebted, under Providence, for our
most precious earthly enjoyments,
all that is valuable in life, much of
principle and example which are
With what soconsoling in death.
licitude do we search for a sepulchral stone bearing the names of
Carver, Bradford, and their glorious
es of
associates.
The
cient
following
monuments
are the most an-
which
traced within this enclosure
can be
:
body of Edward Gray,
Gent., aged about lifty-two years, and
deoarted tliis life the last of June,
Here
lies the
1681.
Here lyes ye body of ye Honorable
Major William Bradford, who expired
February ye 20,
He
1703-4.,
aged 79 years.
lived long, but still
was
doing good,
And in his country's semce lost
much blood.
After a life well spent he's now
at rest
His very name and memory is blest.
28*
—
Ist of
fice is
was
stone
Pilgrim
of
laid in this
town on the
September, 1824. This edi70 by 40 feet, with walls of
unwrought
split granite the height
from the top of the foundation to
the eave cornice being about 33
The lowfeet, forms two stories.
er room is about 10 feet in the clear
and the upper to
of the ceiling
the impost moulding about 20 feet,
to which being added the curve of
It is
the ceiling is about 23 feet.
;
;
intended, as soon as the state of the
funds will justify, to form the front
by an addition of about 20 feet,
with a double tier of steps, having
entrance to the upper room and by
descent to the lower. The front to
be finished with a Doric portico on 4
columns, of about 20 feet in height,
the base of which to be from 3 to
4 feet above the level of the
The situation presents a
street.
full view of the river and outer
harbor.
An
Anniversary
Commemora-
tion of the landing of the pilgrims
commenced in Plymouth on the
22d of December, 1769, and will,
we U-aai, be continued in Pilgrim
Hall, so long as the virtues, unparalleled sufferings, and the conscientious performance of the duties of
piety and benevolence of our pil-
grim fathers are held in veneration
See Regby a grateful posterity.
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
and
Thachers
History
of 26 N. from Portland.
Incorporated,
Population, 1837, 2,251.—
Wheat crop, same year, 3,965 bushPlymoutli, Ct.
els.
This is an excellent farming
Li chfield co. Plymouth lies 22 town with good mill privileges, sevmiles W. S. W. from Hartford, 31 eral ponds, and a pleasant village.
N. by W. from
Haven, and
family consisting of about 70
12 S. E. from Litchfield.
Taken of that curious people denominafrom Waterbury in 1795. Popula- ted " Shakers," reside in Poland.
tion, 1830, 2,064.
The surface of They possess about 600 acres of
the town is rough and hilly, with a choice land.
They are attached to
strong, gravelly soil, well adapted the society at New Gloucester,
for grazing. The Naugatuck affords about a mile distant.
Their village
an ample v/ater power, which is is on a beautiful eminence.
To
improved for the manufactui-e of say that their village is neat and
cotton goods, clocks, &.c.
handsome, and that their lands and
The manufacture of small wood- gardens are well improved, would
en clocks, it is believed, originated be superfluous. See Canterbury,
with Mr. Terry, of this town, about JV.H.
20 years ago ; since that period, the
Pomfret, Vt.
manufacture of wooden clocks has
been widely extended, and forms a
Windsor co. First settled, 1770.
very important branch of the man- Population, 1830, 1,867. Pomfret
ufactures in this part of the state.
lies 45 miles N. by E. from Montpelier and 20 N. N. W. from WindPlyiKiytoii, Mass.
sor. The town is watered by W^hite
Plymouth co. This town is wa- and Queechy rivers. The surface
tered by a branch of Taunton river. is hilly, but the soil is generally
It lies 32 miles S. E. by S. from
good, particularly for grazing
it
Boston, and 8 W. from Plymouth. pastures about SOOO sheep.
PomIncorporated,
1707.
Population, fret contains a mineral substance,
1837, 835.
The manufactures of said to prove a good substitute for
the town consist of cotton and wool- paint.
en goods, nails, shovels, spades,
PomiVet, Ct.
hoes, forks, hoop rivets, shoes, leather, palm-leaf hats, chairs and cabiWindham co. Pomfret was first
net ware ; annual amount about settled in 1686. Incorporated, 1713.
$100,000.
The Indian name of Its Indian name was Masliamoquet.
Plympton was JVanatuxet.
The surface of the town is pleasantly
noble white oak was cut in this diversified by hills and valleys from
town a few years ago. It contain- some of the elevations, delightful
ed seven tons and seven feet of ship views are obtained.
The soil is
timber, and two cords of firewood. deep, strong and fertile, and, although somewhat stony, is very
Poge, Cape, Mass.
productive, and exceedingly well
This cape forms the northern ex- adapted for grazing.
consideratremity of Cliappequiddic island, a ble amount of the productions of the
part of Dukes county.
The
dairy are sent to market.
Quinnebaug and several of its
Poland, Me.
branches water the town, and flourCumberland co. Poland is situ- ishing manufacturing establishated on Little Androscoggin river, ments of cotton and other materials
6 miles above Lewiston falls.
It is
are springing up within its borders
44 miles S. W. from Augusta, and Pomfret lies 40 miles E. by N. from
isfer,
Plymouth.
1795.
New
A
:
A
:
A
—
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
N. from Brooklyn and
from Providence, R. I. Population, 1880,1,981.
Pomfret contains the ''Wolf Den,"
celebrated for the bold exploit of
and terrible appearher eyes,
snapping her teeth, and dropping
her head between her legs, was
evidently in the attitude and on the
who resided
died at Brooklyn, in this state, in 1790.
The aperture to this den or cave,
which is situated under a high ledge
of rocks, is about two feet square.
It is about forty feet in length, narrow, of uneven surface, and in no
part of it can a man stand upright.
point of springing at him.
At this
critical instant he leveled and fired
at her head. Stunned by the shock,
and sufibcated with the smoke, he
Hartford, 7
30
W.
the gallant Putnam,
here some years.
He
The
sides of this cave are of smooth
rock, which appear to have been
rent asundf^r by an earthquake. After making the necessary preparations for his venturous expedition,
Putnam entered the den, and " having groped his passage in the horizontal part of it, the most terrifying darkness appeared in front of
the dim circle of light afforded by
his torch.
It was
silent as the
house of death. None but monsters of the desert had ever before
explored this solitary mansion of
horror.
He cautiously proceeding
onward came to the ascent ; which
he slowly mounted on his hands and
knees until he discovered the glaring eye-balls of the wolf, who was
sitting at the
ern.
extremity of the cav-
Started at the
sight of tire,
she gnashed her teeth, and gave a
sudden growl. As soon as he had
made the necessary discovery, he
kicked the rope as a signal for pulThe people at the
ling him out.
mouth of the den, who had listened
with painful anxiety, hearing the
growl of the wolf, and supposing
their friend to be in the most imminent danger, drew him forth with
such celerity that his shirt was
stripped over his head and his skin
severely lacerated. After he had
adjusted his clothes, and loaded his
gun with nine buck-shot, holding a
torch in one hand and the musket
in the other, he descended the second time.
When he drew nearer
than before, the wcif assuming a
still
more
fierce
ance, howling, rolling
immediately found himself drawn
out of the cave. But having refreshed himself, and permitted the
smoke to dissipate, he went down
the third time. Once more he came
in sight of the wolf, who appearing
very passive, he applied the torch
to her nose, and perceiving her dead,
he took hold of her ears, and then
kicking the rope, (still round his
legs,) the people above, with no
small exultation, dragged them both
out together."
Poplin, N. H.,
co., is 24 miles W.
from Portsmouth, and 33 S.
S. E. from Concord. There is a small
pond in the N. part of the town called Loon pond
and the town is watered by Squamscot, or Exeter riv-
Rockingham
W.
S.
;
several small streams.
generally of a good quality, and the surface of the town is
not broken by high hills.
Poplin
was incorporated, in 1764. The iner, beside
The
soil is
habitants are
ous farmers.
principally industriPopulation, in 1830,
429.
Porpoise, Cape, Me.
This cape lies in the county of
York, and forms the N. E. boundary of Kennebunk Harbor. N. lat.
43° 22', W. Ion. 70° 23'.
Porter, Me.
Porter is bounded W.
Hampshire, and Ossipee
river separates it fiom the county
Oxford
by
CO.
New
of York.
It
lies
from Augusta, 42
Portland, and 37 S.
99 miles S. W.
W. N. W. from
W. from Pans.
Population, 1837, 1,087.
rated, 1807.
Incorpo-
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
Portland,
f
owned
Sle.
Chief town, Cumberland
This
eo.
beautiful city lies upon a peninsula
at the western extremity of Casco
hay ; its length is three miles from
east to west, and the average width
ia three
quarters of a mile ; containing about two thousand two
hundred acres of land. The settlement of this neck of land was commenced as early as 1()32, by two
individuals from England, George
Cleaves and Richard Tucker, who
purchased the whole tract in 1637,
of Gorges, the proprietor.
For the
40 years the settlement made
progress, and it was entirely destroyed in the Indian war
of 1675.
In 16S0, it vv'as revived
under more favorable auspices, the
government of Massachusetts having some years previous to that
time extended her sovereignty over
first
but
little
this part of Maine.
It had scarcely begun to gather the fruits of
prosperity, before it
was again
doomed to a second entire overthrow in 1690, by the remorseless
enemy, who spared neither dwellings nor their inhabitants.
The territory lay waste after this,
until about 1715, when a new attempt was made, and the foundations of the present city
abroad.
were
laid.
The inhabitants in the early period
of the settlement, suffered much
from the privations which awaited
them in this their remote wilderness. The Indians v/ere still hanging about them in an unquiet
state,
and occasionally visiting them with
rapine and blood.
After supplying the first necessiof their condition, the people
turned their attention to tJie lumber
business, the materials and the facilities of which, weie abundant
ties
about them. In about 20 years from
the re-settlement, it became the
principal port on the coast from
"which the English navy was supplied with masts and spars.
They
were transported in large ships
Manufactured lum-
the West Indies and
to the colonies on the continent.
At the commencement of the revolutionary war, there were owned
in Portland, 2,555 tons of shipping.
The population was about 1,900, occupying 230 houses there were
two religious societies, one congregational, the other episcopalian, and
the place was marked by enterprise
and prosperity. But it was destined
a third time to be prostrated by the
ravages of v/ar.
In 1775 it was
bombarded by a British ileet, by
which catastrophe 138 of \^i\e. principal houses were destroyed, together with a new court house, the
episcopal church, and the town
house, to the loss of the inhabitants
of over £54,000.
Froni the close of the revolutionary war, to the year 1307, the growth
of the town was almost unexampled.
The amount of tonnage,
which in 1789 was but 5,000 tons,
had increased in 1S07 to 39,000, and
the amount received for duties had
ber was sent
to
:
advanced from $3,000
to
$346,000.
During the restrictions and war, the
town suffered severely. It had been
sustained principally by foreign
commerce, which those disastrous
times wholly prostrated. After the
peace of 1815, the old channels of
trade were revisited, and new ones
opened with still increasing success.
Portland probably enioJ^s a larger
commerce with the West Indies,
than any other port in the union.
In 1830, the quantity of shipping
was 43,071 tons; in 1832, there
were owned
in this port 412 vessels,
employing 2,700 seamen in 1834
;
the tonnage of vessels belonging to
the port was 51,433 tons, and in
There arrived
1837, 53,081 tons.
in one year 484 vessels exclusive of
coastwise arrivals from ports north
of Cape Cod, of which 163 were
from foreign ports, and 321 were
The importations were
coastwise.
as follows, molasses, 30,425 hhds
flour, 65,471 barrels;
corn, 76,118
.
�NEW ENGLAND
bushels;
2-1,267
salt,
hhds
;
coal,
The
1,75S tons, &c.
principal exports are lumber, fish, beef, pork,
ashes, hay, potapot and pearl
toes, &,c.
The
population has advanced in
in 1790 it was 2,ratio
2i0; 1800,3,704; 1810,7,169; 1S20,
8,521; 1830,12,601; 1834,13,289;
and in 1837, 15,637, exclusive of
a similar
;
foreigners.
Poi-tland
was connected with Falmouth until 1786, and commonly
went by the name of Falmouth
Neck. In that year it was incorporated and received its present name.
In 1S32 a charter for a city was obtained, and a government, consisting
of a mayor, seven aldermen and
twenty-one common council men
was duly
organized
under
it
in
GAZETTEER.
observatory about 70 feet in height,
commanding a delightful view of
the
city, the harbor, the islands in
Casco bay
and, extending northwest to the elevated peaks of the
White mountains.
;
The
easy,
safe,
access to Portland by sea is
spacious
its
harbor
and
and rarely obstructed by ice.
It has a water communication with
the country to a distance of nearly
50 miles, by the Cumberland and
Oxford Canal, which was finished
in 1830 ; and it is the nearest seaboard market for the rich and beautiful country on the upper waters
of Connecticut river, through the
Franconiaand White mountain passes; and with the White mountains
over a level road to Lancaster in
N. H.
The
April, of the same year.
There are in the city 16 houses
of pubhc worship, many of which
There is also in
are very elegant.
the city a beautiful court house, a
spacious city hall, and a substantial
An athenaeum was
stone jail.
founded here in 1826, embracino; a
large reading room and library the
library at this time contains between
3,000 and 4,000 volumes of well se-
rail-road from Boston will
soon reach this place, and a rail-road
from Portland to the upper waters
of the Connecticut is in contempla-
lected books.
The public press is as flourishing
in Portland as in other parts of the
habitants.
;
There were pubUnited States.
lished in that city, in 1837,3 daily
papers, 2 tri-weekly, 1 semi-weekly and 12 weekly, embracing all
the subjects of politics, literature,
agriculture, religion and morals.
Portland is 110 miles N. N. E.
from Boston, 54 S. W. from Augusta, and 554 from Washington.
Lat. 43° 39' 26" N., Ion. 70° 20'
30"
W.
pleasantly situated between
Fore or Casco river, and Back cove.
The location is calculated to exhibvery favorably on apit the city
proaching it from the sea, as the
It is
buildings rise between two hills in
On
the form of an amphitheatre.
the site of old fort Sumner is an
tion.
There are
numerous resources
in the interior not yet brought into
activity, which will give to this
place continually increasing importance, and reward the exertions of
its intelligent and enterprising in-
Portsiuoutli, N. H.,
Rockingham
co., is the principal
in the state, and the only seaIt is situaport which it contains.
ted in N. lat. 43° 4' 54", W. Ion.
town
70°
45'.
Portsmouth
is
built on a
beautiful peninsula, on the south
side of the river; and, as seen from
the towers of tbe steeples, the river, harbor, points, islands and adjacent country, presents a delightful
assemblage of objects.
In
many
town are beautiful gardens. It was settled under the ausGorges
pices of Sir Feriinando
and Capt. John Mason, in 1623, and
was incorporated by charter in 1633.
That part of it which lies round
Church hill, extending N. and W.,
was originally called Strawberry
parts of the
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
The first house of which
we have any account, erected in
what is now the compact part of
the town, was built by Humphrey
Bank.
Chadbourne, and according to trastood near the corner of
Court and Pond streets.
It was
called the " Great house," and is
dition,
frequently referred to in early hisWithin the memory of the
present generation, a garrison house
stood in Water street, another in
Fore street, and a third at the Ferry-ways.
These were probably
the principal houses on " the Bank."
tories.
The
tirst
meeting house stood on
Pleasant street. Except the garrison houses above mentioned, the
earliest settlements were probably
on the south road.
From the peculiar advantages of its situation,
Portsmouth appears almost wholly
to have escaped the ravages of the
Indians.
Secured on three sides
by the Piscataqua, the ocean, and
an inlet, it was accessible to the
savages only by the isthmus which
connects it with the main
and
;
across that a stockade fence
was ex-
The
settle-
tended
for
ments were
defence.
compact, and the
number of inhabitants at an early
In 1822, the
date considerable.
wealthy and enterprising citizens
of this town connected Portsmouth
with Kittery, in Maine, by two
bridges, one 4S0 feet in length,
supported by 20 piers; the other
1750 feet, supported by 70 piers.
Under the long bridge, for 900 feet,
the water varies from 45 to 53 feet
in depth at low water.
The draw
is 133G feet from the island, and
the water is 21 feet deep at low
tide.
This bridge greatly increases
and facilitates the travel from Portland and its vicinity to this town
and Boston. The town is also connected with New Castle by abridge
The streets, though
built in 1821.
not laid out with much regularity,
are neat and pleasant, and contain
also
many
beautiful buildings.
raouih
Aqueduct COiiipany was
Portsin-
corporated 1797, and commenced
operations in 1799.
Water of
excellent quality is brought from a
fountain about 3 miles distant, and
conducted into all the principal
its
Portsmouth pier, 340 feet
and about 60 feet wide,
was incorporated 1795. Portsmouth
streets.
in length,
Athenaeum was incorporated, 1817,
and has a library of about 5,000
volumes and cabinets of mineralogy, natural history, &c.
The
;
is rapidly increasing in
value. The people of this town were
at an early period friendly to literaand their institutions for
ture,
learning are highly respectable.
Portsmouth is the centre of a considerable trade directed b}'^ wealthy
and enterprising citizens.
The
Piscataqua, as it passes this town,
is from 1-2 to 3-4 of a mile wide ;
and although the current is so swift
as to prevent the river from freezing, yet it forms one of the most secure and commodious harbors in the
United States, into which ships of
any size or burthen may enter with
perfect safety.
It is protected by
nature from the ravages of the N.
E. storms, and can very easily be
rendered inaccessible to enemies.
The main entrance to the harbor,
which is well protected by forts, is
Castle
on the N. E., between
and Kittery ; the other entrance,
Castle, is called
on the S. of
Little Harbor, where the water is
shoal, and the bottom sandy.
At
this place, in the spring of 1623,
the first settlers of this state made
their landing, and in the same year
commenced settlements here and
institution
New
New
at
Dover.
About one mile below the town
the navigation
what
is
by
rendered some-
rapidity of
the main body of the
river being forced through a channel only about 45 rods wide.
There are in the harbor a number
of islands, the most considerable of
which is Great island. The others
are Continental island, oa which is
difficult
the current
;
the
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
Navy yard, one of the safest
and most convenient on the coast;
which the
Badger's island, on
J\'^orth America, (the first Une of
battleship launched in the western
hemisphere) was built during the
revolutionary war.
Few town's in New England have
suffered so much from lircs as PortsOn Dec. 26, 1S02, 102
mouth.
Dec. 24,
buildings were burnt.
the
1806, 14 buildings, including St.
destroyed.
John's church, were
But the most calamitous fire broke
out Dec. 22, 1813, when 397 buildings were burnt, of which more
than 100 were dwelling houses.
The ravages extended over about
15 acres.
The United States navy yard is
admirably located for its object.
There are at present three ship
houses in the yard, in which are a
74 and a 40 gun ship. One of the
houses is 240 feet long and 131 feet
the roof is covered with
yvide
In this building
1.30 tons of slate.
the keel of the frigate Congress
was laid in 1837. The g,overnment
of the U. S. has been liberal in its
:
—
appropriations for this excellent naval depot, at which a dry dock
Portswill soon be constructed.
mouth has ever been celebrated for
compared with some othe?
commercial places.
Portsmouth lies 45 miles E. S. E,
from Concord, 56 N. E. from Bos
ton, and 54 S. W. from Portland.
streets,
Population,
8,082.
The
1830,
7,327;
1820,
present population is
The rail-road from
about 9,000.
Boston to Maine will probably pass
through this town. The proximity
of Portsmouth to the ocean, its
neatness, quietude and beauty, render it an agreeable residence, and
a fashionable resort in the summer.
Amongthe
citizens of
Portsmouth
distinguished for their talents or
public services, we may mention
William Vaughajv, the original projector of the expedition against
Louisboura:, was born at Portsmouth, Sept. 12, 1703, and died in
London, in Dec. 1746.
John Wentworth, the first
governor of that name in N. H.
He died Dec. 12, 1730, aged 59.
Beivning Wentworth, who
died Oct. 14, 1770, aged 75.
Dr. Joshua Brackett, a dis
tinguished physician and founder of
the N. H. Medical Society, died
July 17, 1802, aged 69.
lion. Samuel Hale, a native
of Newbury, Mass., who for more
than 30 years, taught a public school
He died July 10,
in Portsmouth.
white oak timber and its
1807, aged 89.
naval architects.
Rev. Samuel Haven, D. D.
Ship building for the merchant
Mass.
at Framingham,
service is extensively pursued, and was born
Portsmouth
flourish. There Aug. 4, 1727 settled at
other manufactures
1752 ; received the degree of
are 35 ships belonging to this port in
of Edinengaged in the freighting D. D. from the University
regularly
cod burgh in 1772 and died March 3,
b-'^siness; 100 vessels in the
He was eminently
79.
and mackerel fisheries, 52 in the 1806, aged
in the West India useful.
coasting trade, 3
Dr. Ammi R. Cutter, was born
and 1 employed in whal-
its fine
;
;
business,
ing.
boys
The
of men and
navigation, in
tonnage of the
number
employed
in
The
1837, was 750.
district, the same year, was 25,114
As much of the capital of
tons.
this
wealthy
town
is
employed
abroad, and much of the inland
trade passes on the river, there is
but iittle show of business in the
at
North Yarmouth, Me.
in
March
For 60 years he was an em1735.
inent practitioner, and during life a
He
firm supporter of his country.
died Dec. 8, 1820, aged 86.
Hon. John Pickering, LL. D.,
was a native of Newington. He
was appointed chief justice oi the
superior
court in 1790, and conrin-
�NEW ENGLAND
ued
in
office
He was
five years.
afterwards district judge of the
U. S., and died April 1 1,^1805, aged
Hon. John Lajvgdon, LL.D.
67.
was born
at
Portsmjutli
in V7A0.
In 1735 he was chosen president of
He was elected to the
sains office in 1788, and after the
adoption of the constitution was
governor six years. He ever discharged the duties of the offices to
which he was elected faithfully
and acceptably. Unlike many elevated to office, he remembered that
the people clothed him with authorthe state.
and his only study was
ity,
them honestly and
to
Woodbury
Hon.
Richard Evans was
Portsmouth, May 13, 1777.
died July 18, 1816, aged 39.
at
He
Jonathan M. Sewall.,
Esq.,
co.insellor at law, and a respectable
poet, was born at Salem, Mas^,., in
1748, and died at Portsmouth, March
29, ISOS.
Rev. Joseph Buckminster,
D. D. a native of Rutland, Mass.,
settled at Portsmouth,1779, and died
aiReedsborough,Vt. June 10, 1812,
aged 61. Dr. B. was a distinguished scholar and an eminent divine.
Portsinoutli, R.
Newport
co.
The
I.
soil
of this
town, in coaimon with all the lands
on the island of R. I., is uncommonly fertile, well cultivated and productive. It is bounded N. by Mount
Hope bay, E. by the Seaconnet passage from the sea to said bay, S. by
the ocean, and W. by Middletown.
The maritime situation of the town
affords the people great facilities for
the fisheries, which, v/ith a fine
soil, and industry, give them a great
degree of independence. A number
one called are attached to this town,
of which the beautiful and fertile
Prudence
the largest.
It is six miles in length, and about
three quarters of a mile average
island of
A
Poiiltiiey, Vt.
CO.
The surface of this
pleasantly diversified ; the
soil is warm and productive, particularly on the borders of the river.
First settled, 1771. Population, 1830,
There are two flourishing
1,909.
villages in the town, and manufactures of various sorts.
The productions of the soil are considerable, and 12,000 sheep are kept.
It
lies 60 miles S. W. from Montpelier, and 13 S. W. from Rutland.
Poultney river, rising in the high
lands near Middletown, and emptying into East bay, an arm of
Champlain lake, is about 25 miles
in length, and in its course affords
numerous valuable mill sites. This
stream changed its course in 1783,
by cutting a channel of 100 feet in
depth through a ridge of land near
the bay, and destroying the navigation of the bay for a time, by
nearly filling it with earth. This
obstruction has been removed.
Rutland
La.ivgdon, a
firm patriot and useful citizen.
born
A
He
died Sept. IS, 1819, aged 791
Hon.
width. In this town are the Rhode
Island coal mines, which are not
worked at the present time.
fine
bed of plumbago has recently
been discovered.
Portsmouth furnishes considerable quantities of
wool, hay, grain, vegetables, and
productions of the dairy.
In 1837
there were 16,000 sheep in the
town.
Population, 1830, 1,727.
Portsmouth lies 6 miles N. N. E.
from Newport.
stone bridge,
1,000 feet in length, connects it
with Tiverton. It received its charter from Charles II., in loG3.
serve
faithfully.
GAZETTEER.
town
is
Po^vnal, Me,
Cumberland
This is a small
and bounded N.
by Durham. It lies 35 miles S. W.
from Augusta, and 19 N. from PortIncorporated, 1808. Populaland.
town, of good
tion, 1837,
co.
soil,
1,232.
Pownal, Vt.
is
Bennington
1761.
co.
First
Population, in 1830
settled,
1,835.
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
lies 30 miles W. by S. from
Brattleborough, and 8 S. from Bennington.
The surface is broken and
hilly, but the soil is strong- and remarkably well adapted for grass,
producing all the varieties of the dairy in great abundance and of an exThe number of
cellent quality.
sheep kept in this town is about
Pownal
8,000.
Pownal
watered by Hoo-
is
sack and Walloomsac rivers, which
produce a good water power. The
village is very pleasant.
PoAvow River.
Powow river has its
and Amesbury.
this river
There are several
;
inhabitants are employed in navigation, and considerable ship timber
is taken from there down the river.
Preston City lies in the eastern
part of the town, 5 miles E. from
Poquetannuck, and 6 E. from Norwich. Near this village is "Amos
lake," a handsome sheet of water,
and a place of resort for parties of
pleasure.
principal
source in Great and Country ponds
in Kingston, N. H., and passes over
the S. W. part of East Kingston inthence into
to South Hampton ;
Amesbury, Mass., where it turns
E. into South Hampton again, and
returns into Amesbury, falling into
the Merrimack between Salisbury
falls in
1,935. Poquetannuck, an ancient
village, lies partly in Preston and
It has a water
partly in Ledyard.
power, and small vessels pass within
Many of the
a short distance of it.
those in
Ames-
bury being the most remarkable, the
water falling 100 feet in the distance of 50 rods, and presenting,
with the variety of machinery and
dams, houses and scenery on the
falls, one of the most interesting
views in the country.
Presuiiipscxit River,
Me.
is the outlet of Sebago lake.
passes through parts of Gorham
This
It
and Westbrook, and falls into Casco
bay at Falmouth, 6 miles N. from
Portland.
Princeton, Me.
Washington
1837, 207.
Population, in
East."
co.
See
"Down
Princeton, Mass.
This town, the
co.
JVachusett, is pleasantly
situated at the base of the mountain of that name, 45 miles W. by
N. from Boston, and 16 N. by W.
from Worcester. Incorporated, 1758.
Prcscott, Mass.
This is a
Population, 1837, 1,267.
Hampshire co. The surface of township of good land, and produces
The considerable quantities of beef,
this town is rough and hilly.
It is watered
principal manufacture consists of butter, cheese, &c.
palm-leaf hats, of which about by a branch of the Nashua, and has
The some manufactures. V*'achusett is
50,000 are annually made.
2,990 feet in height it is the highsoil is better for grazing than tillage.
Prescott lies 76 miles \V. from Eos- est land in the county, and presents
ton, and 16 N. E. from Northamp- a landscape exceedingly variegated
Taken from Pelham in 1S22. and beautiful. It is a place much
ton.
frequented in summer months.
Population, 1837, 788.
The manufactures of the town
Pi'estoii, Ct.
consist of shoes, leather, palm-leaf
New London co. This is an ir- hats, chairs, and cabinet ware anregular, uneven, rocky town, of a nual amount, about ^50,000.
pretty good soil for corn and grazing.
Prospect, Me.
It is bounded W. and N. by the
Thames and Quinnebaug rivers 44
Waldo CO. This is a beautiful
First town, of good soil, on the w^est side
miles E. S. E. from Hartford.
Population, 1830, of Penobscot river. It is bounded
settled, 1686.
Worcester
Indian
;
:
:
29
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
on the S. by Belfast bay 52 miles
E. by N. from Augusta, 12 N. N.
E. from Belfast, and 18 S. from
Bangor. Prospect is very flourishing
in its commercial and agricultural
;
Population, 1830, 2,381
Incorporated, 1794.
1837, 3,198.
Wheat crop, 1837, 4,416 bushels.
pursuits.
;
Prospieet, €t.
New Haven
co.
This stony and
mountainous town w^as taken from
Cheshire and Waterbury,in 1827.
Tt derived its name from its elevated situation.
There is a pretty
village in the town.
The inhabitants are chiefly farmers.
It lies
17 miles N. by W. from New
ven.
Population, 1830, 651.
Some
difficulty arose
Ha-
The commercial
Pochasset, Wonasquatucket,
and other streams, give those interests a constant operative power, the
ticut,
numerous beautiful villages erected
on their borders testify that Providence county is one of the most important manufacturing districts in
the new world.
statistical account of the resources of this county, and of all the
counties and towns in Rhode Island, is in preparation, and will appear in the Register.
A
in the con-
gregational society in this town a
few years since, in consequence of
the minister and a number of the
influential members of the church
having adopted the sentiments of
the
Perfectionists.
The stray
sheep, however, soon returned to
the fold again.
See Religious
Creeds and Statistics.
Providence Comity, H.
numerous
villages and the city.
interests of the
county are important, but are principally confined to the flourishing
city of Providence ; but the manufacturing interests, particularly of
cotton, are extended throughout the
county, and engrosses a large share
of its entcrprize and capital. Wliile
the Pawtucket, Pawtuxet, Mashanits
I.
Providence, chief town.
This
ancient and respectable county is
boundedN.and E. by Massachusetts,
S. by the county of Kent, and W. by
Connecticut.
It contains an area
of 381 square miles.
Population,
1820, 35,736; 1830,47,018.
Population to a square mile, 124.
The
surface of the county is generally
uneven ; some sections of it presents
rugged features, but no part of it
mountainous. The soil is various
some portions of the county
are alluvial, some calcareous loam,
and some of sileceous sand ; but a
strong gravelly
loam generally
is
:
prevails.
More attention is paid to agiiculture in this county than formerly
good crops of corn, barley and rye
are obtained, and all the vai-ieties
of the dairy, of fruits and vegetables are abundant for the supply of
Providence, R.
I.
Chief town. Providence co. Roger Williams was the founder of this
beautiful city.
He was banished
I'rom the Massachusetts colony for
maintaining that all denoniinations
of christians were equally entitled
the protection of the civil magthat the church of England
was no true church, and that a
patent from the king conveyed no
title to the soil.
In 1636, Mr. Williams, accompanied by
William Harris, John
Smith, Joshua Virrin, Thomas Angell, and Francis Wickes, commenced a settlement and called it Providence regarding his preservation
as a favorable interposition of heaven.
Mr. Williams sustained the
two-fold character of a minister of
the gospel and governor of the colto
istrate
;
;
ony
he formed a constitution on
;
the broad principle of civil and religious liberty, and thus established
the first Irec government on the
continent of America.
Mr. Williams was a man of learning, and
set a bright example of that toleration which he demanded from oth-
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
He was born in Wales, in 1599,
and died in 1GS;3.
Providence suffered great losses
in king Philip's war, and during
streets, delightful
the revolutionary contest it furnished its full proportion of troops, and
partook largely of the sufferings as
well as of the glory of that struggle.
On the 9th of June, 1772^ the
kind's ship Gaspee was taken possession of and burned, and the com-
views are obtain-
bays.
ers.
ed of a great extent of country, of
the city, the shipping in the river,
and of Providence and Narraganset
There are in Providence a large
of handsome churches, and
other public buildings. The Ar-
number
is one of the most beautiful
It is sitbuildings in the country.
uateu oi\ the we^t side of the river,
cade
mander, Lieutenant Duddingston,
wounded with a musket ball, in the
Only one of the persons enthigh.
gaged in taking the Gaspee is now
and fronts on two streets. It is
built of stone, 222 feet in length,
and 72 feet in width. The fronts
are ornamented, each with six mas-
Ephraim Bowen, of
sive columns, 25 feet high, the
shafts of which are single blocks,
22 feet in length. The lower part
of this building is improved for dry
goods shops, &.C. ; the upper stories
It
for offices, library rooms, &,c.
was completed in 1828, and cost
$130,000. The architecture of this
living
— Col,
Providence.
appears, tbat in that confirst blood was shed at
Providence but the first .America?*.
Thus
test,
it
the
;
blood and life was sacrificed at
Lexington, Mass., on the 19th of
April, 1775, and the first British
life, on the same day, a few hours
after, at Concoi-d, Massachusetts.
Providence formerly comprised
of a number of the
present
Its
towns.
limits contain an area of about nine
square miles. It was incorporated
as a town in 1649, and as a city in
Population, in 1820, 11,767;
1831.
The
1830, 16,832; 1836, 19,277.
most compact part of the city is divided into two nearly equal parts,
on both sides of Providence river,
and are connected by wide and subThe two princistantial bridges.
pal streets are long and irregular,
and comprise the business portion
of the city, with the exception of a
long range of large and handsome
brick ware houses on the east side
The buildings in othof the river.
er parts of the city are constructed
with taste, and many of them in a
On the
style of superior elegance.
east side of the river the land rises
On this elevation are a
abruptly.
number of streets running parallel
with the river, on the summit of
which is located Brown University,
From
established here in 1770.
the beautiful buildings on these
the territory
neighboring
is exceedingly chaste.
Providence has long been celebrated for the commercial spirit of
its citizens, and for their large investments of capital in foreign commerce, particularly with India. It
is still a flourishing mart of foreign
trade ; the tonnage of the port, in
building
Much of
1837, was 17,526 tons.
the capital of the city has, however, of late years, been diverted to
the pursuit of domestic manufactures
a pursuit probable of greater
;
and no less patriotic.
Besides the large capital employed by the citizens of Providence in
manufacturing establishments without the city,the capital thus employed within it is very great. Those
profit,
manufactures consistof cotton goods,
steam power,) machinery,
(by
steam engines, vessels, jewelry,
copper, brass, iron and tin wares,
glass, combs, oil, soap, candles, hats,
leather, boots, shoes, and numerous
About 4,000 of the
other articles.
people of Providence are engaged
in these manufactures.
The public schools in Providence
The sum of
are well sustained.
about $10,000 is annually appropri-
�NEW ENGLAND
The number
ated ^o this object.
of scholars, in 1837, was 1626.
high school has recently been established, and ^40,000 appropriated
for the erection of new school housThe athenaeum library cones.
tains 7,000 volumes.
It was incorporated in 1836.
See Register.
A
Providence
is
approached with
great ease from almost every direction.
The roads are generally excellent
that to Pawtucket is unequalled by any in New England.
:
The Blackstone
ing
canal, after wind-
course through a fertile and
manufacturing country, from Worcester, Mass., terminates at tide water in the centre of the city.
Steam
boats, of superior construction and
elegant accommodations, ply beits
tween
this
city
and
New
York,
daily.
Rail road cars between Boston and Stonington cross the lower
part of the city several times a day,
and steam boats and packets are continually passing to and from the
several important towns on the
shores of Narraganset and Mount
Hope bays.
Providence has frequently sustained heavy losses by fire, and
once by water. In 1815, during
the memorable gale of September
23d, the tide rose 12 feet higher
than the common high tides, and
spread ruin to the buildings, navigation, wharves and bridges in every direction.
The loss sustained
by this flood was estimated at a
million and a half of dollars.
Providence lies at the head of
ship navigation on Providence river, the most northern waters of
Narraganset bay ; 35 miles from
the sea, 40 S. W. from Boston, 169
N. E. by E. from New York, and
396 N. E. from Washington. N.
lat. 41° 49/ 32", W. Ion. 71° 24' 45".
Proviiicetowii, Mass*
A
Barnstable co.
noted fishing
town on the extreme point of Cape
Cod ; including Race point, which
lies 3 miles N. W. from Province-
GAZETTEER,
town
It comprises Cape
Provincetown harbor,
which opens on the S. This ocean
harbor is very large, exceedingly
easy of access, and has sutficient
depth of water for the largest ships
of war.
This is the first harbor the
"Mayflower" touched at on her
village.
Cod,
or
passage to Plymouth in 1620.
An elaborate and highly interesting report of a survey of this harbor and the extremity of Cape Cod,
by Major J. D. Graham, has recently been printed by order of congress.
The
accompanied by a
showing the result
of a long course of observations on
the tide, which are not only curireport
is
series of tables,
ous, but may be useful to those who
are in a situation for pursuing their
speculations on this subject, by
comparing them with the results of
similar observations in other places.
The fullness and precision of these
tables indicate the care and labor
with which the work has been
prosecuted. The result is of a nature to show the great importance
of this position, both as a naval and
commercial
station.
The
value of Cape Cod harbor to
our naval and mercantile marine in
time of war is inappreciable. In
possession of an enemy, it would afford
facilities
for
annoying
our
commerce, without exposure to the
gales that so often sweep along the
coast.
Fortified, and in the occu-
pancy of a portion of our navy,
it
secure retreat, accessible at
seasons, and sheltered from eve-
offers a
all
ry storm.
The soil of this town, in common
with many others on Cape Cod, is
very sandy; indeed, it may be said
to possess no soil, for its vegetable
qualities are very deficient.
During the year ending April 1st,
1837, there were belonging to
Provincetown, 2 vessels employed
in the whale, and 98 in the cod and
mackerel fishery, besides a large
number in
the freighting business.
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER
The
value of fish and oil taken was
$298,407. Hands employed, 1,113,
During- that year 48,960 bushels of
salt
were made, employing 156
hands, the value of which was
Provincetown lies 50
$18,360.
miles N. E. from Barnstable, by
land, and 50 E. S. E. from Boston,
by water. Incorporated, 1727. Population, 1830, 1,710; 1837, 2,049.
Piitixey, Vt.
Windham
co.
This town
is
fine-
ly located on the west side of Connecticut river,and embosoms a large
tract of excellent intervale land,
called the "Great Meadows. "There
is also a good tract of intervale on
Sacket's brook, a fine mill stream,
with beautiful falls, on which are
erected valuable mills for the manufacture of woolen goods, paper, and
various other articles.
Sacket's
brook is a large and constant stream:
it falls 150 feet in the course of 100
rods.
Some of the mill sites are
unoccupied.
There are various
mineral substances in the town,
worthy of the notice of the geologist.
The village is pleasant, and
bears the marks of taste and prosperity.
It lies 9 miles E. from
Newfane, and 9 N. from Brattleborough. First settled, 1754. Population, 1830, 1,510.
ceives two
considerable branches,
namely, north branch, which rises
in the north part of this township
from the north, and south branch,
which rises in Plymouth, from the
south,
both
considerable
mill
streams.
In Woodstock it receives
two other branches of considerable
size ; one rising in the northeast
corner of Bridgewater and southeast
corner of Barnard, falls into Queechy river from the north just below
the north village in Woodstock, or
" Woodstock Green," the other
rising in the soutii part of Woodstock, passes through both the villages in that town, and empties into
it fiom
the south just above the
mouth of the last mentioned stream.
Both these streams afford excellent
mill seats.
Queechy river in its
course receives numerous other
tributaries of less note.
It is a
clear and lively stream, with a gravel or stony bottom.
This stream is
about 35 miles in length, and waters about
212 square miles,
Qiiincy, Mass.
Norfolk CO.
The territory of
Qi.incy was a part of ancient Braintree, until 1792.
It lies on Braintree or Quincy bay, in Boston harbor, and is bounded on the N. W.
by Neponset river and the towa
of Milton. It is 8 miles S. by E. from
PiisliaAV Lake, Me.
Boston, and 10 E. by S. from DedThis lake lies in the towns of ham. Population, 1820, 1,623; 1830,
Orono, Button and Kirkland, Pe- 2,192; 1837, 3,049.
nobscot county. It is about 8 miles
The surface of the town is diverlong, and one mile wide.
sified by hills, valleys and plains.
It empties into Dead stream, which meets
Back from the bay about 3 miles is
the Penobscot at Orono.
a range of elevated land, in some
parts more than 600 feet above the
Qriieecliy River, Vt.,
sea, containing an inexhaustible
Sometimes called Waterqueechy, supply of granite. This is the
rises in Sherburne, runs nearly east source of the " Quincy Granite," a
to the south part of Bridgewater
building material justly celebrated
thence through Woodstock irto the in all our cities for its durability
south part of Hartford, and thence and beauty.
Vast quantities of
southeast through the northeast cor- this admirable stone are annuallyner of Hartland into Connecticut quarried and wrought in this vicinriver, about two miles above Quee- ity by the most skillful workmen,
chy falls. In Bridgewater it re- into all dimensions, both plain and
;
29*
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
ornamental ; and it is fortunate for ness and beauty. In this village is
the public that the supply is abun- a stone church, designated the "AdThis building was
dant, for the demand for it from va- ams Temple."
rious parts of the United States is dedicated, 1S28, and cost $40,000.
Within its walls is a beautiful marconstant and increasing.
By means of a rail-road from these ble monument to the memory of the
quarries to the tide waters of Ne- Hon. John Adams and his wife.
About two miles east from the
ponset river, and of a canal to the
centre of the tov/n, this stone is village is Quinci/ Point, at the
transported with great expedition junction of Town and Weymouth
There are large Fore rivers. This is a delightful
and little cost.
quantities of slate stone near Ne- spot, and contains some handsome
much of which is buildings. This point of land, with
ponset river
quarried. These slate quarries bear a peninsula near it called Gcrmantoum, are admirably located for
indications of coal in their vicinity.
In this town, between Quincy ship building, and for all the purand Dorchester bays, is a point of poses of navigation and the fishery.
land called Squantum, celebrated Here is a line harbor, a bold shore
as having been the residence of the and a beautiful country, v/ithin 10
famous Indian Sachem, C7i<'cA;a^aif- miles of the capital of New EngThis place is the Mos-'wctu- land.
but.
The manufactures of Quincy conset, " a few miles south of Boston,"
supposed by some to have origin- sist of stone, slate, vessels, salt,
ated the name of the state. Squan- leather, boots, shoes, hats, coach
tum is a rocky, romantic place, six lace, carriages, harnesses, bleached
miles south of Boston, and a pleas- bees wax, &.c. Total value, the
year ending April 1, lS37„f 470,222.
ant resort for fishing and bathing.
The soil of Quincy is generally During that period there were 10
of an excellent quality and under vessels engaged in the cod and
good cultivation. There are large mackerel iisliery the product of
Quincy is a
tracts of salt meadow in the town, which was ^31,042.
and many large and beautiful farms, place of considerable trade. Large
which, in respect to soil and skillful quantities of lumber, bread stuffs,
management, may vie with any in &c., are annually sold.
The proximity of Quincy to Bosthe state.
The .Mount TVallaston farm is ton, the excellent roads and bridgnoted as the site of an early settle- es connecting it with the city and
ment (1623,) and as the Merry surrounding countr}^ the beauty of
Mount of Thomas Morton and his the town, with the delightful scenassociates. This farm, with that of his ery around it, render it a desirable
venerated father, now belong to the residence in summer, and a pleasHon. Mr. Adams, representative to ant home.
Congress. The ancestral estate of
Quincy was named in honor of
the Quincy family comprises one Col. JoHiv QuiJYCY, a native of
of the most beautiful and well cul- the place, who for forty successive
New England. years was a member of the executivated farms in
It is the property of Josiah Quintive council of the colony, and discy, LL. D., an eminent agricul- charged many other public trusts
turist, and president of Harvard
with zeal and fidelity. He died JuUniversity.
ly 13, 1767, aged 78.
The village, in the centre of the
This has been the birth place
town, is situated on an elevated and residence of some of the most
plain, and is remarkable for its neatdistinguished sons of America.
;
;
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
Hancock
and Josiah Quincy,
Jr., will live until the death of lib-
native country, and in 1789 was
elected first Vice President of the
United States, which office he held
erty.
during the whole of Washington's
The names
of the patriots,
John
Two
presidents of the United
States, father and son, were natives
John Adams, born
of this place,
October 19, 1735. John Quincy
Adams, born July 11, 1767. The
Mr. Adams graduated at
Harvard University in 1755, and
was distinguished for his diligence
He studied law at
and genius.
Worcester, and was admitted to
senior
He commenced
practice in 1758.
the labors of his profession in Braintree, his native town, and soon obIn
tained business and reputation.
Adams married Miss AbSmith, a grand daugliter of
Col. Quincy, a lady as distinguished for her accomplishments and
virtues as for the elevated station
in society which Providence had
Mrs. Adams
destined her to fill.
died at Quincy, Dec. 28, 1818, aged
In 1765, Mr. Adams removed
74.
here he obtained an exto Boston
1764, Mr.
igail
;
tensive legal practice, and, refusing
all
offers of patronage from the
British government, espoused the
cause of his native country with an
ardor peculiar to himself, firmly resolved to sink or swim with its liberties.
He was elected a member
of Congress, and was among the
the
foremost in recomm.ending
adoption of an independent government. In 1777 Mr. Adams was chosen commissioner to the Court of
Versailles. In 1779 he was appointed minister plenipotentiary to negotiate a peace and a commercial treaIn 1780 he
ty with Great Britain.
to Holland, and in
1782 to Paris, to negotiate a treaty
of peace with Great Britain, having
received the assurance that that
power would recognize the independence of the United States. In
1785 Mr. Adams was appointed the
went embassador
first
States, which office he sustained
until the election of Mr. Jefferson,
in 1801. Soon after this, Mr. Adams
retired to his farm
at
Quincy, and
spent the remainder of an eventful
life in rural occupations, the pleasures of domestic retirement, and
those enjoyments which a great and
good mind always has in store.
The account that Mr. Adams
gives in a letter to a friend, of his
introduction to George III., at the
court of St. James, as the first minfrom the rebel colonies, is very
ister
interesting. The scene would form
a noble picture, highly honorable
both to his majesty and the republican minister.
Here stood the stern monarch,
who had expended more than six
hundred millions of dollars, and the
lives of two hundred thousand of
his
subjects in a vain attempt to
subjugate freemen
;
and by his side
stood the man, who, in the language
of Jefferson, " was the great pillar
of support to the declaration of independence, and its ablest advo-
cate and
champion on the
lioor of
Congress."
Mr. Adams says, " At one o'clock
on Wednesday, the first of June,
1785, the master of ceremonies called at my house, and went with me
to the
secretary of state's office, in
Cleaveland row, where the marquis
of Carmarthen received and introduced me to Mr. Frazier, his under secretary, who had been, as his
lordship said, uninterruptedly in
that office through all the changes
administration for thirty years.
a short conversation. Lord
Carmarthen invited me to go with
in
After
minister to the court of St.
him
After remaining in Europe
years, he returned to his
we
James.
nine
On the resignation
administration.
of Washington, in 1797, Mr. Adams
became President of the United
in his
coach
to court.
When
arrived in the antechamber the
master of the ceremonies introduc-
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
me while the
of state went to take the
commands of the king. While I
stood in this place, where it seems
all ministers stand upon such occasions, always attended by the master of ceremonies, the room was
very full of ministers of state, bishops and all other sorts of courtiers,
as well as the next room, which is
the king's bed chamber.
You may
well suppose I was the focus of all
relieved, however,
eyes.
I was
from the embarrassment of it, by
the Swedish and Dutch ministers,
ed him and attended
secretary
who came to me and entertained
me with a very agreeble conversation during the whole time. Some
other gentlemen whom I had seen
came
before,
to
me
make
their
com-
the marquis
of Carmarthen returned, and desired
me to go with him to his majesty.
I went with his lordship through
the levee room into the king's
closet.
The door was shut, and I
was left with his majesty and the
secretary of state alone.
I made
the three reverences
one at the
door, another about half way, and
another before the presence, according to the usage established at this
and all the northern courts of Europe, and then I addressed myself
to his majesty in
the following
pliments
to
until
:
—
words
The United
States have apminister plenipotentiary
to your majesty, and have directed
me to deliver to your majesty this
letter, which contains the evidence
of it.
It is in obedienc to their express commands, that I have the
honor to assure your majesty of
their unanimous disposition and desire to cultivate the most friendly
and liberal intercourse between your
majesty's subjects and their citizens, and of their best wishes for
your majesty's health and happiness, and for that of your family.
' The
appointment of a minister
from the United States to your majesty's court will form an epoch in
'
Sire
:
pointed
me
the history of England and America.
I think myself more fortunate
than all my fellow citizens, in having the distinguished honor to be
the first to stand in j'our majesty's
royal presence in a diplomatic character
and I shall esteem myself
the happiest of men if I can be in;
strumental in recommending my
country more and more to your majesty's royal benevolence, and of
restoring an entire esteem, confidence and affection ; or, in better
words, the old good nature and the
good old humor,' between people
who, though separated by an ocean,
and under different governments,
have the same language, a similar
religion, a kindred blood.
I beg
your majesty's permission to add,
that although I have sometimes before been instructed by my country,
'
was never in my whole life in a
manner so agreeable to myself.'
The king listened to every word
it
with dignity, it is true, but
Whether
with apparent emotion.
I said,
was my visible agitation, for I felt
more than I could express, that
it
touched him,
I
cannot say
;
but he
was much affected, and answered
me with more tremor than I had
spoken with, and said
" Sir: The circumstances of this
audience are so extraordinarj^, the
language you have now held is so
extremely proper, and the feelings
you have discovered sojustly adapted to the occasion that 1 not only
receive with pleasure the assurance
:
of the friendly
disposition
of the
United States, but that I am glad
the choice has fallen upon you to
be their minister. I wish you, sir,
to believe and that it may be understood in America, that I have done
nothing in the late contest but what
thought myself indespensibly
I
bound to do, by the duty which I
owed my
people.
I will be frank
with you. I was the last to conform
but the separato the separation
;
having become inevitable, I
have always said, as I now say, that
tion
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
The king then
said a
word
or
two
would be the first to meet the
friendship of the United States as
to
an independent power. The moand
I see such sentiments
language as yours prevail, and a
disposition to give this country the
and then turned round and bowed
to me, as is customary with all kings
and princes when they give the sig-
I
ment
preference, that moment I shall say
let the circumstances of language,
religion, and blood have their natural full effect."
I dare not say that these were
the king's precise words ; and it is
even possible that I may have, in
—
some particulars, mistaken his
meaning for although his pronun;
ciation
ever heard,
sometimes between
as distinct as I
is
he hesitated
members
of the
backwards,
making
;
smiling, or rather laughing, said,
There is an opinion among some
people that you are not the most at-
This beautiful stream
all
your countrymen
to
I was
the manners of France.'
surprised at this, because I thought
an indiscretion, and a descent
from his dignity. I was a little embarrassed; but determined not to
deny truth on the one hand, nor
lead him to infer from it any attachment to England, on the other, I
it
off
as
«
I must avow to
not mistaken
your majesty, I have no attachment
but to my own country.' The king
replied as quick as lightning, An
honest man will ne^ er have any
sir, is
:
'
other.'
ia
It then traverses a S.
the north.
direction about 30 miles, affording
fertility and a great hydraulic power in its course, when it joins the
Shetucket, near the city of Norwich, and takes the name of that
These three
river to the Yantic.
streams form the Thames.
timiiiepiaclc River, Ct.
This river rises in Bristol and
Farmington, and passes through
Southington, Cheshire, Meri-den,
Wallingford, and falls into Long
New
Haven. This
Island Sound at
a pleasant mountain stream, of
considerable power, and about 30
miles in length.
is
Q,\iodcly
Head, Me.,
much
gravity as I
could, and assumed an air of gaiety,
and a tone of decision, as far as was
That opinion,
decent, and said,
threw
rises
Mashapaugpoad, in Union, Ct. It
passes N. to Brimtield, Mass., then
a S. E. course to Thompson, Ct.,
where it receives French river from
'
tached of
retreated, stepping
Q,iiiiieljaus River.
less so,
jesty's meaning, as I then understood it, and his own words, as nearly as I can recollect them.
The king then asked me whether
and upon
I came last from France
my answering in the afhrmative, he
put on an air of familiarity, and,
my
I
as is the etiquette ; and
last reverence at the
door of the chamber, I went to my
carriage."
Mr. Adams died on the 4th of July, 1826, with the same words on
his lips which fifty years before,
on that day, he had uttered on the
f!oor of Congress, " Independence
forever."
period.
affected, and I
and therefore I cannot be certain that I was so attentive, heard so clearly, and understood so perfectly, as to be confident
This I
of all his words, or sense.
do say, that the foregoing is his ma-
was not
nal to retire.
He
same
much
was, indeed,
the secretary of state, which being between them I did not hear,
Or West Quoddy Head, the western entrance into Passamaquoddy
It is in N. lat. 44° 55', W.
bay.
It has a light house
Ion. 66° 49'.
See Luhec and
45 feet in height.
Eastport.
Race Point, Mass.
The N. W. extremity
of
Cape
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER;
Cod.
N.
lat. 42=* 6',
W.
Ion.
70°
1'.
See Provincetown.
Hagged
Roads iu
Nctiv ISiiglaud.
See Register.
Randolpli, N. H.
CO.
Until
1824 this town
was
It is situated
called Duri>nd.
directly under the north end of the
White mountains, its southeast corner bounding on the base of Mount
Madison, the east peak of the range.
Branches of Israel's and Moose
The soil is
rivers pass through it.
in some parts good, but the town increases slowly in its settlements.
It was granted August 20, 1772, to
John Durand and others, of LonJoseph Wilder and Stephen
don.
Jillson were the first settlers. Population, 1830, 78.
RaudolpIi; Vt.
This is an elevated
Orange co.
township of good soil, particularly
for grazing.
It is generally well
improved, and produces good butBetween
ter, cheese and mutton.
twelve and thirteen thousand sheep
graze in its pastures.
It is well watered by branches of
White river, on which are two
woolen mills and other manufactures.
W.
from
Wind
Randolx>Ii, Mass.
Moiiiitaiiis, N. II.,
points.
Coos
and 34 N. N.
sor.
So called from their rough appearance, lie between Andover and
Hill, extending in a chain about 10
miles from the Pemigewasset to the
vicinity of Kearsarge. It is a bleak
and precipitous range, and is nearly
2,000 feet high, in its northern
,Itail
sea,
There are a number of
flour-
ishing business locations in the
town: the centre village is very
pleasant, and contains an academy
of excellent reputation. This town
was first settled about the year 1778.
Population, 1830, 2,743.
Randolph lies 23 miles S. from
Montpelier, 9 S. W. from Chel-
Norfolk CO.
Randolph constituted a part of ancient Braintree until
1793, when it was incorporated. It
14 miles S. from Boston, 12 S.
E. from Dedham, and 7 S. S.
Populafrom Braintree landing.
tion, 1820,
1,546; 1830, 2,200;
1837, 3,041. Manatiquot river vibes
xn the town, which, with other
small streams, afford it a water powlies
W
Punkapog pond lies in this
er.
town and Canton. The land is elevated between the waters of Massachusetts bay and Taunton river
the surface is generally undulating
and the soil strong and productive.
There are two very pleasant and
flourishing villages in the town.
East
and West, surrounded by
and well cultivated fields.
Randolph has long been noted for
fertile
the industry of its people, in the
manufacture of boots and shoes.
During the year ending April 1st,
1837, there were made in the town
200,175 pairs of boots, and 470,620
pairs of shoes, valued at $944,715,
employing 1,475 hands. There are
manufactures of leather, &c. in the
town, but that of boots and shoes is
the principal.
Rangely, Me.
Franklin co.
This town
lies
on
the Androscoggin river, and at the
outlet of Oquossack lake.
It is
about 40 miles N. W. from Farmington.
See "Down East."
Raymond Me.
J
Cumberland co.
watered by Crooked
Raymond
is
and sevThis is a good farming
eral ponds.
town, with two villages, and some
river,
The inhabitants are principally devoted to agricultural purIn 1837 the population was
suits.
wheat crop 3,203 bushels.
1,802
lies 75
Incorporated, 1803.
It
trade.
;
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
xniles S.
W.
from Augusta and 22
N. N. W. from
water power, and
Raymond, IV. H.
This town lies
Rockinsham co.
25 miles W. by S. from Portsmouth,
25 S. E. from Concord, 13 W. by
N. from Exeter. Two branches
of the Lamprey river, from Deerfield and Candia, unite in Raymond and the waters of two ponds
;
also fall into this river as
it
passes
through the town. The Patuckaway,
from Nottingham, crosses the N. E.
The soil is
corner into Epping,
various: that of the meadows bordering on the river is productive. In
the N. part of the town, about 100
rods from the principal road leading
to Deertield, near the summit of a
about 100 feet high, is a natural excavation in a ledge, called
the Oven, from the appearance of
It is a regular arch
its mouth.
about 5 feet high and of the same
width, extending into the hill
about 15 feet, and terminating in a
hill
to
which vast
herring (alewives)
On the banks of one of
resort.
these ponds, the celebrated King
The
Philip had a hunting house.
tirst forge in America was erected
in this town, by James and Henry
The house of
Leonard, in 1652.
the Leonards, an old Gothic buildof
quantities
Portland.
is now standing, and owned by
the 7th generation.
The ?nanufactures of Raynhara
consist of bar iron, nails, iron castings, anchors, shovels, forks, cof-
ing,
and straw bonnets total
value the year ending April 1, 1S37,
fee mills,
$360,650
:
of
)
which $300,000 was
for nails.
Readfieltl, Me.
This is an excelco.
township of land, and finely
watered by ponds and small streams.
Kennebec
lent
people are generally industrious farmers, who find the cultivation of the eaith the best source of
independence. Readfield is a very
vicinity to
number of fissures. Raymond was pleasant town, and its
advanpart of Chester call- the Kennebec gives it many
originally that
It lies 11 miles W. from
tages.
It was incored "c/mrm/no- -/are.
Population, 1337, 2,019.
porated in 1765, by its present Augusta.
inhabi- Wheat crop, same year, 6,391 bushname. The names of 24
tants of Raymond are found enroll- els.
The
ed among the soldiers of the revo-
speaker of the house, and judge
of the superior court, died here May
Population, in
21, 1305, aged 80.
1330, 1,000.
This town lies on
Bristol CO.
Taunton river, and was taken from
Taunton in 1731. Population, 1837,
It is 30 miles S. from Bos1,379.
ton, 3 N. E. from Taunton, and 24
E. from Providence.
There are a number of large
this
town producing
Windsor
a good
co.
First settled, 1772.
This is an elevated township, uneven
Several small
and mountainous.
streams rise here and pass to the
This
Queechy and Black rivers.
town affords excellent pasturage,
in which about 6,000 sheep are
Reading lies 53 miles S.
kept.
from IMontpelier, and 10 W. from
Vvindsor.
RaynliaTn, JIass.
ponds in
Reading, Vt.
numbers
of the miliFour
tia engaged for short periods.
were \-illed or died in service.
Hon. JoHrf Dudley, a distinguished patriot of the revolution, member of the committee of safety,
lution, beside
Population, 1830, 1,109.
Reading, Mass.
Middlesex
co.
Reading
is
an
ancient town, 13 miles N. from
Boston, 10 W. from Salem, and 17
N. E. from Concord.
The surface of the town is uneven, but the soil is generally of a
good quality.
The
village
is
pleas-
�NEW ENGLAND
During the
ant and flourishing.
year ending April 1, 1837, the value of $184,583 of boots and shoes
were made in Reading, and $91,360
First
of chairs and cabinet ware.
Population,
1640.
settled,
GAZETTEER.
ty, and of science,
civilized world.
Red
This town was in-
Fairfield co.
corporated in 1767, and derived
name from
its
first
town
Col.
its
John Read, one of
settlers.
The
soil
of the
but the surface is
rough and hilly. The business of
the people is chiefly agricultural,
who live scattered about on their
Considerable attention is
farms.
is
good,
paid in Reading to the growing of
wool.
It lies 15 miles N. W. from
Bridgeport, 60 S. W. from HartPopford, and 9 S. from Danbury.
ulation, 1830, 1,686.
It is watered
hy Saugatuck and Norwalk rivers.
Joel Barloav, LL. D., was
born in this town, 1755. He died
in Poland, 1S12.
America has produced few men,
more justly deserving of immortaland none, it is beity than Barlow
;
who have made
their title
lived in an
sure.
eventful period, and acted a conspicuous part in both hemispheres ;
and as a poet, a man of science, a
politician, a philosopher and a philanthropist, his name will long be
lieved,
to
it
more
He
revered by the friends of
civil liber-
H.
Readsboroiiglij Vt.
Bennington
Ct.
Hill, K.
See Moult onho rough.
1837,
2,144.
Heading,
throughout the
A
co.
mountainous
township, at the S. E. corner of the
county, watered by Deerfield river,
12 miles S. E. from Bennington,
and 18 W. by S. from Brattle borough.
Much of the land in the
town is too elevated to admit of cultivation.
Population, 1830, 662.
ReliofeotSi,
This town was
Bristol CO.
settled in 1643,
el
Newman
Mass.
first
by the Rev. Samu-
and others from
Wey-
Rehoboth formerly comprised the towns of Seekonk and
Pawtucket. This ancient town suffered greatly by Indian depredations.
The surface of the town is
mouth.
pleasant,
good
for
and
the
tillage.
soil
Its
generally
manufactures
goods, leather,
consist of cotton
shoes, cutlery, ploughs, straw bonnets, carpenters' and joiners' tools,
wagons, ox yokes, bobbins, cotton
annual
batting, wooden ware, &c.
Rehoboth
value, about $60,000.
:
watered by Palmer's river. It
40 miles S. by W. from Boston,
10 S. ^Y. from Taunton, and 7 E.
Populafrom Providence, R. I.
is
lies
tion, 1837, 2,202.
was Saconet.
Its
Indian
nam«
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
RHODE
The
State of
Rhode
Roger Williams
Island and Providence Plantations
It
the mouth of Narraganset bay.
charter of Charles
It
was
settled
man remarkable for his benevolence,
derived its name from that of a beautiful
1663,
II., in
became
Its
by
justice,
in 163G, a
and pacific policy.
of the State.
ISLAND.
island at
government commenced under the
which charter is the present Constitution
of the Union May 23th, 1790.
member
a
power is vested in a Senate and Kouse of RepresenThe number of Senators cannot be more nor less than 10, 2
tatives.
from each county, and are chosen annually by the people on tiie 3d Wednesday in April. The Representatives are in number 72. No town has
Newport 6, Provless than 2, and but 4 towns have more than 2, viz.
the number for each town havidence 4, Portsmouth 4, and V.'arv/ick 4:
The
Legislative
—
ing been determined by lav/ without reference to the present ratio of
population.
They are elected semi-annually by the people, on the 8d
Wednesday
The
at
of April, and last
Legislature meet
Tuesday of August.
Newport on
at
the 1st
Wednesday
Providence and South
May, and
Monday of
of
Kingston, alternately, on the last
October annually.
The executive power
is
vested in a Governor and Lieut. Governor,
Wednesday
Wednesday in May
elected annually by the people on the 3d
official
term commences on
30
the 1st
of April.
Their
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
Succession of Governors.
Nicholas Cooke, 1776—1778.
Collins,
Lemuel
James Fenner,
Nehemiah R. Knight,
James Fenner, 1824—
John Brown Francis,
1811—1817.
William C. Gibbs, 1821—1824.
William Jones,
H.
Arnold,
1833—
The judicial power is
of Common Pleas.
The Judges of all the
— 1833.
1831
John
Henry Smith,
1789—1805.
Isaac Wilborn, (Lieut. Gov.) 1806.
(Act. Gov.) 1805.
1807-1811.
1817—1821.
1831.
William Greene, 1778—1786.
Arthur Fenner,
1786—1789.
vested in the Supreme Judicial Court and Court
Courts, Sheriffs, Notaries, Justices of the Peace,
and Clerks of the Courts are chosen annually by the Legislature in
Grand Committee. In all the towns (except Providence) the town councils are,
ex
officio.
Courts of Probate, and the town Clerks, Registers of
Deeds and Probate.
The Municipal Court
ercise probate jurigdiction, and the Clerk
city Clerk
This
towns
in the city of
is
Providence ex-
Register of Probate.
The
Register of I>eeds.
is
annually appropriates $10,000,
state
for the
to
be divided among the
support of free schools.
Providence, Newport, Bristol,
Rhode Island comprises five counties
Kent and "Washington. It is bounded N. and E. by (he state of Massa:
chusetts, S. by the Atlantic ocean, and Y^.
It lies
between 41° and 42° N.
lat.,
by the
state of Connecticut.
and between 71° and 72°
and comprises an area of 1350 square miles.
1774, 59,678; 1790, 68,825; ISOO, 69,122; 1810,75,188;
Population
1830,97,196.
The
it is
island territory.
kins'
There
Hill,
j
1820,83,059;
somewhat
peculiar.
About a
water, and of the residue of land a considerable portion
The
interior of the state, with the exception of the in-
tervales along the streams,
The most
long.
square a mile, 71.
natural features of this state are
tenth part of
is
to
W.
Population, 1755, 40,414
is
generally rough and hilly.
Mount Hope, in Bristol, HopWest Greenwich, and Woonsocket Hill, in Smithfield.
some hills of considerable elevation in Exeter. Rhode
considerable eminences are
in
are also
Island, and most of the other islands in Narraganset bay, disclose a
geological structure, of the transition character, and present a surface
generally undulating, and often highly picturesque and beautiful.
The mineral
as they are
treasures of the State have not been explored
known, they
are not extensive or valuable.
the most important mineral.
Limestone abounds
Mineral coal
is
:
but so
Iron ore
far
is
found upon Rhode Island.
in the northeastern section of the state
;
and in these
calcareous strata there are some excellent quarries of marble.
Serpen-
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
marble
tine
also found,
is
and there are in various places extensive quar-
ries of freestone.
The navigable waters
of
Rhode
Island are abundant, and mill streams
Rhode
commerce,
in 1837, was
are found in every section of the continental part of the state.
Island claims a conspicuous rank for
domestic trade, and the fishery.
its
enterprise in foreign
The tonnage of
the state
During the war with the Indian Sachem, Philip, and the
warof the revolution, Rhode Island was always found at its post. lu
these wars her soldiers were conspicuous for bravery; among whom
were found some of the most distinguished officers of the age. The rise
45,651 tons.
and progress of
this state to
It is the smallest
manufacturing
Rhode Island
wealth and reputation
is
very interesting.
republican state in the world, and the most important
An
America.
district of its size in
impartial history of
by one of its distinguished sons
that history will contain a merited eulogium on the character of its people.
Rhode Island is celebrated for its mild and salubrious climate, which is
will soon be published
thought peculiarly favorable
to
:
See Register.
female beauty.
Ricliford, Vt.
Franklin co. This is a mountainou- township at the N. E. corner
c' the county, on the line of Canada, and watered by INJissisque river
and its branches. It lies 50 miles
N. by W. from INTontpelier, and 24
N. E. from St. Albans. There is
some good land along the river
and the upland, though rough, affords good grazing.
Population,
First settled, about
1830, 704.
1790.
Xiiclnuoud} Me.
Richmond lies
Augusta and 15
N. from Topsham. Incorporated,
location pleasant.
15 miles
S.
1823.
Population,
Wheat
crop,
building and navigation.
The
town has mill privileges on a stream
which empties into Merrymeeting
bay its soil is productive, and its
stiip
:
same
1837, 1,526.
year, 1,656
bushels.
Riclimosid)
Cheshire
co.
]V. £1.
This town
is
12
miles S. from Keene, and 70 S. W.
from Concord.
It is watered by
branches of Ashuelot and Miller's
rivers, which fall into the Connecticut. The ponds are three in number, one of which is one of the sources of Miller's river. The soil here
is favorable for yielding rye, wheat,
Indian corn, and most of the productions found in this section of
New England. The land is gen-
Lincoln co. Within these limits,
on the west bank of Kennebec river,
stood an ancient fortress called Richmond hence the name of the town.
It lies between Bowdoinham and
Gardiner, and is the site of some erally level.
;
fi«om
able
There are no remarkRichmond was
1752, and was settled
elevations.
granted in
within 5 or 6 years afterwards, by
people from Massachusetts and
�NEW ENGLAND
Rhode
Island.
Population, in 1S30,
GAZETTEER.
gravelly loam, with an unThe agricultural
pi-oductions of the tov/n are very
considerable.
This is an excellent township for
grazing a large amount of wool
and of the productions of the dairy
Richmond
is annually transported.
was incorporated in 1742. It lies
30 miles S. S. W. "from Providence
and is bounded E. by South Kingston.
The Providence and Stonington rail-road passes through the S.
E. corner of the town. Population,
in 1830, 1,363.
soil is a
even surface.
1,301
niclinioiacl, Vt.
Chittenden co. Richmond is 24
miles N. W. frora Montpelier, and
Popula13 S. E. from Burlington.
tion, 1830,1,109. First settled, 1784.
The town is finely watered by Onion and Huntington rivers, on the
banks of which are good mill seats
and large tracts of beautiful meadow. The village is neat, and the
centre of considerable travel. The
several religious denominations united here in building a curious looking meeting house it has sixteen
sides.
This is a healthy place, and
noted for the longevity of its inhab-
;
Hidgeiielc!, Ct.
;
itants.
Ridgefield, or, as
Fairfield co.
the Indians called it, Caudatowa,
a word signifying high land, is
bounded W. by
New
Salem, N. Y.
N. from
Berkshire co. This town is situ- New
W. from
ated in a deep valley of excellent Danbury.
This township is very
soil, surrounded by elevated lands,
elevated, and commands extensive
and watered by Williams' river. views of Long Island Sound and of
This is an excellent farming town
the surrounding country.
The soil
the farmers' houses, extending some is a strong gravelly loam, and pro
miles on one street, are neatly built ductive of grass and grain.
It is
and make a beautiful appearance. watered by Saugatuck and Norvvalk
Iron ore of a good quality is found rivers, and by a branch of the Crohere in abundance, also marble and ton. It comprises a verj'^ handsome
lime.
The manufactures of the village, in which are manufactures
town consist of pig iron, shovels, of carriages, cabinet furniture, &c.
spades, forks, hoes, leather, boots Limestone is abundant.
Populaand shoes.
Annual value, about tion, 1830, 2,323.
Incorporated,
In 1836, there were 1709.
$50,000.
The celebrated hermitess, Sarah
4,835 merino sheep in Richmond.
They produced 14,505 pounds of Bishop, lived on the western borwool, valued at $8,703.
It lies der of Ridgefield.
She lived on
135 miles Yv^. from Boston, and 5 W. Long Island at the time of the
from Lenox.
Incorporated, 1765. Revolutionary war.
Her father's
Population, 1837, 820.
house was burnt by the Bi-itish, and
she was cruelly treated by a BritRicliiitoiicl, K. I.
She then left society
ish officer.
"Washington co.
Richmond is and wandered among the mountains
bounded on the west by Wood river, near this part of the state she found
and on the east by the river Charles. a kind of cave near Ridgefield,
Other streams water the town, where she resided till about the
which, with the Wood and Charles time of her death, which took place
give it an excellent water power. in 1810.
It is said that the wild anManufacturing establishments of imals were so accustomed to see
various kinds flourish on its streams, her, that they were not afraid of
particularly those of cotton.
The her presence.
Iiic1i2TioD.tl,
Mass.
and
31 miles W. by
Haven, and 9 S. by
lies
;
:
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
The
following account of a visit
to this hermitess,
is
taken from
a
Poughkeepsie paper.
" Yesterday I went to visit the
hermitage. As you pass the southern and elevated ridge of the mounbegin to descend the southern steep, you meet with a perpendicular descent of a rock, in the
At the
front of which is this cave.
foot of this rock is a gentle descent
of rich and fertile ground, extending about ten rods, when it instantly forms a frightful precipice, descending half a mile to the pond
called Long pond.
In the front of
the rock, on the north, v." here the
cave is, and level with the ground,
there appears a large frustrum of
the rock, of a double fathom in size,
thrown out by some unknown convulsion of nature, and lying in the
front of the cavity from which it
was rent, partly enclosing the
mouth, and forming a room: the
rock is left entire above, and forms
the roof of this humble mansion.
This cavity is the habitation of the
hermitess, in which she has passed
the best of her years, excluded
from all society; slie keeps no domestic animal, not even fowl, cat,
Her little plantation, conor dog
sisting of half an acre, is cleared
of its wood, and reduced to grass,
where she has raised a few peach
trees, and yearly plants, a few hills
of beans, cucumbers, and potatoes
the whole is surrounded with a
luxuriant grape vine, which overspreads the surrounding wood, and
On the oppois very productive.
site side of tills little tenement, is a
fine fountain of excellent water ; at
this fountain we found the wonderful woman, whose appearance it is
a little difficult to describe: indeed,
like nature in its first state, she was
without form. Her dress appeared
little else than one confused and
shapeless mass of rags, patched together without any order, which
obscured all human shape, excepting her head, which was clothed
tain, and
;
30*
with a luxuriancy of lank grey hair
depending on every side, as time
had formed it, without any covering
or ornament.
When she discovered our approach, she exhibited the
appearance of a wild and timid animal and started and hastened to
her cave, which she entered, and
barricaded the entrance with old
shells, pulled from the
decayed
trees.
We approached this humble
habitation, and after some conversation with its inmate, obtained liberty to remove the palisadoes and
;
look in ; for we were not able to
enter, the room being only sufficient
to accommodate one person.
saw no utensil, cither for labor or
cookery, save an old pewter basin
and a gourd shell, no bed but the
solid rock, unless it were a few old
rags, scattered here and there ; no
bed clothes of any kind, not the
least appearance of food or fire.
She had, indeed, a place in one corner of her cell, where a fire had at
some time been kindled, but it did
not appear there had been one for
We
some months. To confirm this, a
gentleman says he passed her cell
five or six days after the great fall
of snow in the beginning of March,
that she had no fire then, and had
not been out of her cave since the
she subsists
snow had fallen.
during the severe season, is yet a
mystery ; she says she eats but little flesh of any kind; in the summer she lives on berries, nuts, and
How
We
conversed with her for
to be of a
sound mind, a reUgious turn of
thought, and entirely happy in her
situation; of this she has given repeated proofs by refusing to quit
She keeps a Bithis dreary abode.
ble with her, and says she takes
much satisfaction, and spent much
time in reading it."
roots.
some time, found her
Riley, Me.
Oxford CO. This is a township of
rough and unprofitable land, with
few inhabitants ; near to, and south
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
of Speckled mountain, on the line
It lies 30
of New Hampshire.
miles N. W. from Paris.
Riiidge, M. H.
Cheshire co. This town is 20
miles S. E. from Keene, 50 S. W.
from Concord, and 55 W. N. W.
from Boston. The soil is productive,
lying on swells of land lor the most
There
part inclining to the south.
are 13 ponds, the largest of which
are called Manomonack, Emerson,
Perley, Long, Grassy, and Bullet.
The 3 first discharge their waters
into Miller's river in Mass., thence
communicating with the Connecticut; the 3 last discharge themselves into Contoocook river, and
from thence into the Merrimack.
These ponds abound with fish, and
were much frequented by the Indians for procuring fur, &c. There
is
a
small
elevation
of land
in
Rindge, from which the waters that
issue on one side descend into the
Merrimack, and those on the other
Connecticut.
Iron
also a species of
is found here ;
paint nearly equal to the best quality of Spanish brown. Rindge was
side, into
the
originally called Rowley Canada,
It received
or Monadnock No. 1.
its present name from one of the
proprietors, when it was incorporaThe settlement comted, in 1768.
menced, 1752, by Jonathan Stanley,
George Hewitt and Abel
Platts.
Population, in 1830, 1,269.
Hipley, Me.
Somerset co. A good farming
town, 60 miles N. by E. from Augusta, and 30 N. E. from Norridgewock. Incorporated, 1816. Population, 1837, 555.
Wheat crop,
same year, 3,512 bushels.
branch
of Sebasticook river passes through
A
the town.
Riptou, Vt.
Addison co. This is a mountainous township, the surface and soil
of which are too broken and cold
for much cultivation.
Middlebury
river and the turnpike from Royalton to Vergennes pass through it.
Ripton lies 26 miles S. W. trom
Montpelier, and 9 E. from MiddlePopulation, 1330, 278.
bury.
Eotolfiiiston,
Washington
co.
on the Schoodic or
opposite
to
St.
Me.
This town lies
Croix river,
St.
Andrews,
in
New
Brunswick. It is 16 miles N. N.
W. from Eastport, 30 N. E. from
Machias and 192 E. N. E. from AuThis place enjoys great
gusta.
navigable privileges, and is the site
of considerable ship building, and
commerce in lumber. Incorporated,
Population, 1837, 702. This
1811.
town was
settled soon after the i-evolutionary war.
The first mail
came to this place in 1796.
mail
stage now arrives three times a
week, and crosses the river to New
A
Brunswick. Robbinston was named in compliment to the Flon. Ed-
ward H. Robbins, formerly Lieut.
Governor of Massachusetts, and for
many years speaker of the House
of Representatives of that state.
Rochester,
One
M". II.,
of the county towns of Strafis
10 miles N, W. from
ford CO.,
Dover, 22 N. W. from Portsmouth,
34 E. from Concord. Besides Sal-
mon fall river, which divides this
town from Berwick and Lebanon, in
the state of Maine, the Cocheco river runs the whole length of
the town, and nearly in the middle,
and the Isinglass river crosses the
southerly corner of the town just
before its junction with Cocheco
river, at a place called Blind Will's
Both Salmon fall and CoNeck.
checo rivers afford valuable millseats; on the latter of which, near
the centre of the town, stands the
principal village, called JVorway
Plains. It is a place of considerable trade, and a great thoroughfare from the upper towns in the
county
to
Dover and Portsmouth
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
There
is another village about 2
miles S. W.from this, called Squamanagonnick, the Indian name of
the tails in the Cocheco at that
Much of the soil in Rochplace.
ester is good ; the surface is uneven,
with several swells, the principal
which is Squamanagonnick hill,
which constitutes a considerable
of
part of several valuable farms. In
the W. part of the town, is a large
tract of oak land, which is hard and
stony ; has a deep rich soil, and is
very productive when well cultivaThe town was incorporated,
ted.
in IT22.
The
first
permanent
set-
tlement was made in 172S. Until
Canada was taken by the British
and American troops in 1760, it remained a frontier town ; the people were poor and distressed, but
Their men were
not discouraged.
bold, hardy and industrious ; and
their sons were trained to the use
of arms. They early became a terIn 1748, the wife
ror to their foes.
of Jonathan Hodgdon was killed on
a Sunday morning by the Indians,
on refusing to be taken to Canada
with the party. Her husband married again, had 21 children in all,
and died in 1815, aged 90 j^ears. In
the revolutionary war, many of the
inhabitants bore a part.
Captains
David Place and John Brewster led
companies to Ticonderoga, and suffered much in their retreat from
that place in 1777.
Of the
soldiers
from Rochester, 29 were killed or
died in that contest. Pop. 1830,2,155.
RocUester, Vt.
Windsor co.
Rochester lies 30
miles S. S. W. from Montpelier, 37
N. W. from Windsor, and 20 S. E.
from Middlebury.
White
river,
It is
watered by
it with
which supplies
A
mill seats.
large partof the surface
of the township is broken and mountainous, but it contains much good
land for grazing and some tracts of
excellent meadow. It has a pleasant
village with some trade.
In 1837,
there were 9,000 sheep in the town.
First
Population,
17S3.
settled,
J
1830, 1,392.
Rocliester, Mass.
Plymouth co. A large maritime
town on Buzzard's bav, 9 miles
E. from New Bedford, and 48 S. S.
E. from Boston. Incoiporated, 1686.
Population, 1837, 3,570.
The lace
of the town is uneven and the soil
light. Mattepoiset and Sipican rivers, rising in large ponds in the
town, empty into the bay and form
good harbors.
The manufactures
of Rochester consist of vessels, salt,
bar iron, boots, shoes, &c.
value,
the year ending April 1, 1837,
,^101,811. During that period there
were 9 vessels engaged in the whale
;
fishery, and brought into port 116,928 gallons of oil, valued at $71,
A
65S.
sels
number
belong to
of
merchant vesand numer-
this place,
ous coasting and fishing vessels.
Hoclkiugliani County,
IV.
H.
Portsmouth and Exeter are the
The county of Rockchief towns.
ingham is bounded N. and N. E.
by Strafibrd county E. by the Atlantic, from the mouth of Piscataqua river to the line of MassachuW. by the counties of Mersetts
;
;
rimack and Hillsborough. Its greatest length is about 34 miles; its
greatest breadth, from the west corner of Chester to the extremity of
Rye, is about 30 miles. It comprises an area of 695 square miles.
There are no remarkable elevations
the surface, howin this county
ever, is uneven, and in the north
part, from the higher eminences,
there are some very fine views of
The
the surrounding country.
highest point is Saddleback mountain, in Northwood and Deerfield.
;
The
rivers are the
Lamprey, Exe-
Beaver, and Spiggot, which
water the east and southeast parts
Great Bay, beof the county.
tween Newington and New Market, and connecting w'ith the Piscataqua, is the largest collection of
ter,
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
M^ssabesick pond or lake tion of a number of pleasant villawater.
ges. The scenery around the falls,
is principally in Chester, and is
picturesque from its numerous isl- in Kockingham, is of a sublime
ands and the surrounding eleva- character, and perhaps no section
The other principal ponds of New England possesses a greattions.
are Islandy, in Hamsptead, Coun- er variety of minerals than are found
Kingston, and Pleasant in in this vicinity.
trj'^, in
Deerfield.
Rome; Me.
The soil of this county having
been longer cultivated than that of
Franklin co.
This is a beautiful
any other county in the slate, is farming town, watered by several
very productive ; and agricultural large ponds.
It lies 19 miles N.
pursuits have been very success- N."W. from Augusta, and 13 E. S.
ful.
In 1837, there were 23,;533 E. from Farmington.
It contains a
sheep in the county. The popula- pleasant and flourishing village.
Incorporated in 1S04.
tion, in 1S20, was 40,526; and in
Population,
Population to a 1837, 1,074.
in 1S30, 44,552.
Wheat crop, same
square mile, 64.
year, 4,177 bushels.
Roive, Mass.
liocl^ingliaiii, Vt.
Windham
This town is beauon the west side of
Connecticut river, and at the celebrated " Bellows Falls," noted under Walpole N. H. The water power afforded by these falls, with that
of Williams and Saxton's rivers,
which pass through the town, are
of vast extent; it cannot fail of becoming exceedingly useful, and of
rendering this town and vicinity
eo.
tifully situated
the
site of
immense manufacturing-
operations.
Large and expensive
manufacturing establishments have,
recently been commenced
an account of which may be expected
;
Franklin co.
This town contains the site of old fort Pelham,
erected in 1744. The township is
elevated, and in some parts mountainous, but the soil is adapted for
grazing.
Considerable wool is produced and there are manufactures
;
town of woolen goods, boots,
shoes, leather, and wooden ware.
Rovve is the source of a branch
in the
of Deerfield river, and lies 130
miles N. W. from Boston, and 22
W. by N. from Greenfield. Incorporated, 1785.
Population, 1837,
688.
Ro-wley, Mass.
in the Register.
This place lies on a navigable
river, 65 miles above Northampton,
and 85 above Springlield, Mass.,
Ill above Hartford, Ct., and 23 below Windsor, Vt.
It is 85 miles
S. from Montpelier, and 18 N. E.
from Newfane.
First settled in
1753,
Population, 1S30, 2,272.
surface of the town is uneven
but the soil is generally
strong, warm and productive.
Its
agricultural products are considerin 1837, it pastured 12,600
able
The
;
:
sheep.
The
renders
Essex CO. This town was first settled by a party of industrious and pious persons from Yorkshire, Eng. in
1G39.
They erected the first fulling mill in New England, and manufactured the first cloth in North
America.
There are a great variety of soils in the town
a large
part is salt meadow, and the residue is fertile and productive.
It
comprises a part of Plum island,
and large tracts of wood land.
It
;
watered by Rowley river, which
from several ponds in Boxford.
This river afifbrds a water power,
and before its junction with Plum
Island Sound, forms a harbor for
is
rises
location of
it a mart of
or trade, and
Rockingham
much
interi-
has caused the erec-
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
vessels of moderate draught of wawhich many vessels
ter, and in
have been built.
Ancient Rowley was divided in
183S
its
vi^estern part was detached and incorporated by the
Since this
name of Georgetown.
:
Rowley possesses but litmai.ufocturing interest, but a
valuable agricultural one, to which
its inhabitants are principally devo-
elevated between the
Onion and White
ofj
15
from IMontpelier.
Population,
1789.
It lies
W.
iniles
S.
First
settled,
S.
waters
rivers.
1830, 737.
Roxliiiry, Slass.
some good soil. Roxbury
watered by a branch of Androscoggin river.
It lies 30 miles N.
from Paris, and is bounded S. by
Rumford.
Incorporated, 1835.
Norfolk CO. This town is joined
Boston by a neck of land, over
which are broad and pleasant avenues.
Between the centre of each
town is about 3 miles. The surface
is rocky and uneven, with a strong
soil in a high state of cultivation.
It displays a great degree of agricultural taste and skill, and abounds in
country seats and pleasure grounds.
That part of this town bordering on
Jamaica pond, 4 miles S. W. from
Boston, is exceedingly pleasant.
This town and Boston were incorporated the same year, (1630 ;) and
nothing but municipal regulations
divide their interests and feelings.
Population,
ISIO, 3,609;
1820,
4,135
1S30, 5,247
1837, 7,493.
The first hourly coach from Boston commenced running to this town
Population, 1837, 182.
in 1827.
division
tle
ted.
This ancient town is very pleasand lias been the birth place
of n)any learned men.
It lies 30
miles N. from Boston, 16 N. by Vr.
from Salem, and 25 E. N. E. from
Lowell.
Population, 1838, about
ant,
1,000.
Roxbiiry, Me.
The surface of this
elevated, and well timber-
Oxford
town
is
CO.
ed, with
is
Roxl>ixi*y,
Cheshire
CO., is 5
]V.
H.,
miles E. from
waters the S. part, and empties inAshuelot at the S. W. corOn the E. side of the townner.
ship is a pond, called Roaring Brook
pond, at the outlet of which are
mills.
Roxbury presents a rough and
uneven suiface, rising into considswells, affording excellent
grazing land.
This town was formed of a part
of Nelson, Marlborough and Keene,
and incorporated in 1812. Popula-
erable
tion, 1830, 322.
Koxtoury, Vt.
This town
There are now
a large
be-
tween the two
to the
co.
;
;
number continually running
Keene, and 50 S. W. from Concord.
The N. branch of Ashuelot river
forms the boundary betv^een this
town and Keene. Roaring Brook,
on which are several small meadows,
Washington
to
is
places, and not less
than 250,000 persons pass annually.
Since that time, others of a similar
kind have been established to
Charlestown, Cambridge, Dorchester, &c., and tend greatly to promote the public convenience.
The manufactures of Roxbury
consist of leather, nails, hats, chairs,
cabinet ware, pig iron, spirits, &,c.:
annual value, about $300,000.
The Rev. John Eliot, the justly celebrated " Apostle of the Indians," was settled in Roxbury in
1632.
Mr. Eliot imbibed the true
spirit of the gospel, and his heart
was touched with the wretched
condition of the Indians. He learned their language, and translated
the scriptures into it,
This would
seem the business of a life, when
the sense of the simple e:ipression,
" Kneeling down to him," is conveyed in the Indian language
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
by JVutappessttuJi'qussunnoowehtunkquoh, a word that would puzzle a Demosthenes to pronounce,
without an extra pebble stone in his
mouth. Mr. Eliot was remarkable
for his indefatigable
labors and
charities; he endured hardship as
a good soldier of Jesus Christ, and
went to his reward in 1690, aged
86.
This was the birth
residence of
the
Warren^.
and
place
patriot
Joseph
Dr. Warren was born
in 1740. He graduated at Harvard
college in 1759.
He was an ardent
lover of his country, and sensibly
felt the weight of her oppressions.
Four days previous to the battle
of " Bunker Hill," he received a
commission in the army of Major
General.
He was within the entrenchment, and was slain on that
hallowed spot, just at the commencement of the retreat.
Dr.
Warren was an ab-le statesman, an
eloquent orator, a man of uncompromising integrity and undaunted bravery. General Warren was
the first officer of rank that fell in
that
glorious
contest for liberty.
His death shed a gloom throughout
the country
he was exceedingly
beloved for the mildness and affability of his deportment, and for
the virtues of his private life.
pleasant town, and is well watered
by Miller's river, a beautiful mill
stream.
The surface of the town
is uneven, but the soil is generally
There are
rich and productive.
two woolen
Windsor co. The surface of this
town is somewhat rough and mountainous, but the soil is good, particularly on the banks of White river,
by which it is watered.
This town was first settled in
1771, and for many years endured
great sutfering from Indian hostiliThis is an excellent township
for grazing, and its agricultural
products are considerable.
It has a
pleasant village and an academy.
Royalton is 30 miles S. from
Montpelier, and 25 N. N. Vv" from
Windsor.
Population, in 1830,
ty.
.
1,893.
Litchfield CO.
Roxbury was taken from Woodbury and incoi-pora-
from
It lies
32 miles N.
W.
New Haven, 46 W. S. W. from
Hartford, and
15
S.
by W. from
Litchfield. Population, 1830,1,122.
The town is diversified with hills
and vales.
The soil is a gravelly
loam, interspersed with some small
tracts of sandy loam.
It is water-
ed by the Shepaug, a branch of the
Housatonick.
In digging for silver, a species of iron ore, called
steel ore, was discovered.
Koyalston, Mass.
Worcester
co.
Royalston
Rtiinford, Me.
Oxford
CO.
Rumford
ship of valuable
is a townland, 51 miles W.
N. W. from Augusta, and 20 N.
by W. from Paris.
It lies on the
RoxlJiiry, Ct.
ted in 1801.
and manufactures
Royalton, Vt.
:
•
mills,
of boots, shoes, leather, chairs,
cabinet ware, palm-leaf hats and
mats, wooden ware, &c.
First
settled, 1762.
Incorporated, 1765.
It lies 70 miles W. N. W. from
Boston, and 38 N. W. from WorPopulation, 1837, 1,629.
cester.
northwestern bank of the Androscoggin, and enjoys a great water
power. Mills of various kinds are
already erected, and manufactures
on a large scale are contemplated.
White Cap mountain, rising 500
feet above the level of the surrounding country, and Glass-face, about
400 feet, present beautiful views
Population,
from their summits.
Wheat crop, same
1837, 1,382.
Incorporated,
year, 4,385 bushels.
isoo.
R-umiiey,
Grafton co.
is
a
"N.
H.
Rumney
is
8 miles
N. N. W. from Plymouth, 47 N. by
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
W.
from Concord.
by Baker's
It is
watered
of which a considerable branch flows from Stinson'spond, and is called Stinson's
brook.
The pond is 400 rods long
and 280 rods wide.
Part of Loon
pond is on the E. line of this town.
The principal elevations are Stinson's and Webber's mountains in
the E. part, and a small part of
Carr's mountain, which here oblains the
name of Rattlesnake
mountain, on its N. W. border.
Rumney was granted in 1767, and
was tirst settled in 17G5.
It was
in this town, on the 2Sth of April,
1752, that the late General Stark,
while on a hunting expedition, was
captured by a party of 10 Indians,
river,
commanded by Francis Titigaw.
He was in company with Amos
Eastman of Concord, David Slinson
of Londonderry, and his brother
William.
Stinson was slain.
Population, in 1S30, 993.
Rupert, Vt.
Bennington co.
A part of this
township is mountainous, but the
soil is generally good for grazing.
Rupert produces some fine cattle,
and keeps about 10,000 sheep. It
is watered by Pawlet river, and a
branch of the Battenkill, on which
streams, are mills of various kinds.
Rupert is 73 miles S. W. from Montpelier, and 25 N. from Bennington.
Population, 1S30, 1,313.
Russell, Mass.
Hampden
co.
Westfield river
waters this town, and affords it good
mill privileges.
There is a cotton
mill in the town and other manufac-
Russell lies 100 miles W. by
from Boston, and 14 W, by N.
Irom Springfield.
Incorporated,
1792.
Population, 1S37, 475.
tures.
S.
Rutland County, Vt.
Rutland, chief town. This county is bounded N. by Addison county, E. by Windsor county, S. by
Bennington county, and W. by the
New
York. Incorporated,
1781.
Population, 1820, 29,983;
1830, 31,294. This county contains
an area of 953 square miles.
Inhabitants to a square mile, 33. The
principal streams are Otter Creek,
Black, White, Queechy and Pawlet rivers.
There is some line land
in this county along Otter Creek,
but a large portion of it is elevated,
and some parts mountainous. The
state of
however, is generally warm
and well suited for grazing.
Many cattle are annually taken to
market, and in 1837, there were
180,984 sheep in Rutland county.
Excellent iron ore is found at the
base of the mountains, and a range
of marble quarries extends the whole
length of the county from north to
south.
This marble is of a fine
quality
much of it is wrought and
soil,
:
transported.
Rutland, Vt.
Chief town, Rutland co. This
town was settled about the year
1770, and for some time during the
revolutionary war was a frontier
town. The Green mountain hoys
erected here two small picket forts,
which were found very useful. The
soil of the town is various, but generally of an excellent quality. Iron
ore of a good quality is found clay,
lime, and a great abundance of beautifully variegated marble.
;
The
village
of Rutland
is
neat,
well built and handsomely located:
it is the centre of trade for a large
The agsection of fertile country.
ricultural productions of Rutland
in 1S37,
are large and valuable
there were within its limits 20,981
sheep. Otter Creek and its tributaries give the town a good water
:
power, "and
—
manufacturing estab-
lishments are springing up along
their banks.
Rutland lies 50 miles
S. W. from Montpelier, 52 N. by
E. from Bennington, 60 S. S. E.
from Burlington, "and 34 W. N. W.
from Windsor. Population, 1830,
2,753.
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
Rutland, Mass.
£23
lawfiil
money.
settled about the
It
year
incorporated, in 1722.
wa?
lirdt
172;),
and
51
miles W. by N. from Boston and
12 N. W. from Worcester.
branch
of W^are river waters the town, and
gives it mil! privileges.
The manufactures consist of woolen goo;is,
It
lies
A
leather,
boots, shoes,
chairs, cabi-
net and woo;len wai-es
annual value about ,^50,000.
Rutland is a
very pleasant town, of good soil and
well cultivated.
Its exports of
beef, butter and cheese are consid;
erable.
ponds.
contains some fine fish
Population, 1337, 1,205.
It
ilye, N.
Rockingham
co., is pleasantlj' sit-
and the sea, a communication
was opened by
hill is
principally composed,
supposed to have been made use of
by the natives. This town has suffered considerably in times of war
and danger. In the Amei-ican or
revolutionary war, 38 of its inhabi-
this
by sea or land
them young men. Popu-
tants lost their lives,
niost of
the inhabitants about
;
lation, in 1830, 1,172.
I-I.,
uated on the sea coast, 6 1-2 miles
S. from Portsmouth.
It was originally
taken
from
Portsmouth,
Greenland, Hampton and New
Castle, chiefly the latter; and though
it began to be settled as early as the
year 1635, it was not incorporated
till 1719. The sea coast here is about
6 miles in extent, being nearly one
third of the coast in the state.
On
the shore, there are three considerable and very pleasant beaches, viz.
Sandy, Jenness' and Wallis', to
which many persons resort in the
summer season from neighboring
towns and the country, both for
health and for pleasure.
There is
here a small harbor, near Goss' mill,
into which vessels of 70 or 80 tons
burden may conveniently enter, at
high water.
The boat fishery is
carried on to considerable advantage, particularly in the fall and
winter seasons. There was formerly a large fresh water pond, lying
contiguous to the sand bank or
bounds of the sea, covering a surface of about 300 acres.
Between
this
The waters were
discharged into the sea, leaving a
tract of marsh, which, being watered by the regular flowing of the
tide, yields annually large quantiBreakfast Hill,
ties of salt hay.
between this town and Greenland,
is distinguished as the place where
a party of Indians were surprised
at breakfast, at the time of their incursion iu 1Q9S.
There are small
circular holes in the rocks of which
a centurj^ since.
Itutlaud was formerly twelve iniles square, aii;l was
sold by the Indians, in IGS'J, for
"Worcester co.
liyegate, Vt.
Caledonia co. This town is situated on the west bank of Connecticut river, opposite to Bath, N. H.
It is 33 miles E. by S. from Montpelier, and 14 S. by E. from Danville. Ryegate is watered by Wells
river, some smaller streams and several ponds.
There
is
land on the
town, but the soil is
and very productive
vegetables and grain
tervale
not
much
river,
in-
in the
generally rich
of all kinds of
but more particularly of grass. About 3,000 sheep
are kept, and the pioducts of the
soil, annually transported to market,
;
This town
are vei-y considerable.
first settled by emigrants from
Scotland, in the year 1774.
lai-ge
part of the present population of
Ryegate are of Scotch descent, and
are said to follow, in a great degree,
the peculiar habits, in regard to diet, which Scotchmen are accustomed to in their own country. They
annually prepare large quantities
of oat meal for cakes, and lay in a
good stock of hulled barley for
broths, soups and puddings.
The
people of Ryegate are generally
frugal and industrious ; good farmers,
was
A
and good
livers.
They manufac-
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
ture their own apparel and some for
their neighbors.
Population, 1830,
sons the appearance of Saco Falls
is truly sublime.
1,119.
Saco, Me.
Saclieiu's
Head,
Ct.
York
Saco is situated on the
east side of the river of that name.
It is 71 miles S. S. >V. from Augusta, 15 S. W. from Portland, and
See Guilford.
Saco River,
Is one of the largest in New
England yet being much broken
in its course by falls, is not navigable to any considerable extent.
It
;
from three sources in the
the branch issuing from the southwest side of
the mountains, near the Notch, is
considered the main stream; next
to this is the middle branch, which
is the smallest
and beyond is the
branch called Ellis's river, which
rises on the northeast side of the
mountains, and after a course of
about eighteen miles, unites with
the main bjanch in the town of
Bartlett.
Cutler's and New rivers
are mountain torrents that discharge
springs
White mountains
;
;
into the Ellis.
The Ammonoosuck,
a branch of the Connecticut, rises
within about two rods of the Saco,
flowing in an opposite direction.
The whole length of Saco river is
estimated to be 160 miles; running
its general course S. S. E., and
discharaing into the sea in N, latitude 43° 31', W. longitude 70° 26'.
The principal falls are, the Great
Falls, at Hiram, where the water
descends 72 feet; Steep Falls, at
Limington, 20 feet ; Salmon Falls,
at Hollis and Buxton, 30 feet
and
Saco Falls, 42 feet. The latter are
about 4 miles from the mouth of
the river.
The ordinary rise of
the water, in the spring, is from
10 to 15 feet, but in great freshets
it has been knoAvn
greatly to exceed that number.
long stoi-m
which occurred in Octobei-, 17S5,
raised the river to an immense
height, sweeping away mills and
bridges, and inundating houses that
stood in its vicinity. In 1S14, there
was the greatest freshet known
since that of 1785.
At such sea-
in
;
A
31
CO.
29N.E.
Saco
from York.
a port of entry, a place of
son)e ship building, and commands
a flourishing tiade.
Population,
is
1830, 3,219; 1837, 4,229.
Saco enjoys the rare privilege of
possessing a great hydraulic power united with navigable accomnjodations.
The Saco river terminates its fantastic course at this place,
by leaping, within a short distance,
42 feet, and mingling with the
ocean.
This water power is very
valuable, and cannot fail of becoming the site of large manufacturing
operations.
From the mouth of the river a
line beach extends to the east about
5 miles, called Old Orchard beach.
This name arose from a growth of
apple trees formerly near the beach,
planted at a very early period
some of them remained as late as
1770.
Another beach of less extent, but not inferior in other respects, is found at the Pool, connecting Fletcher's Neck with the
main, and formJng the south shore
of that peninsula.
Its distance
from the Falls is about 9 miles.
The small streams by which different parts of Saco are watered,
generally derive their origin from
an immense bog, commonly called
the Heath, and flow into the river
and sea.
On one of these, Foxwell's brook, there is a fine waterfall, with a descent of about sixty
feet, surrounded by scenery of a
wild and striking character.
The lumber trade has long been
the principal branch of business on
Saco river.
In early times, the
mills were supplied with logs from
the forests in the vicinity of the
Falls
in the former part of the last
:
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
century, they were procured at the
distance of a few miles above the
mills.
In the winter of 1772, it is
said, a few persons for the first time
ascended the river as far as Frj^eburg, in quest of timber, and finding an abundance, turned the attention of millmen to that region
for their future supplies.
After
the war the number of mills was
increased.
Before the year ISOO,
seventeen saws were in operation
about the Falls.
There wei-e others on the small streams in different
parts of Saco and Biddeford.
The
quantity of boards sawed per day,
(24 hours) has been estimated at
fifty thousand feet.
There is considerable navigation
owned at Saco, employed in foreign
and domestic commerce and the
fishery.
The tonnage of the district, in 1S37, was 3,666 tons.
There are at present a large cotton mill, a rolling mill, a nail factory, and numerous saw mills; but a
great portion of the water power
remains unimproved.
The village of Saco contains many handsome buildings, and the
scenery around it is romantic and
beautiful.
petition of a number of gentlemen,
a charter was grantee by king
James
in the year 1G06, dividing
the country into two districts, called North and South Virginia, and
authorizing the establishment of
separate colonies in each district by
two distinct companies.
right of
property in the land fifty miles on
each side of their first plantations,
and extending 100 miles into the interior, was granted by this patent.
The first or Southern colony were
allowed to settle any part of the
country within the degrees of 31
and 41 north latitude; the second,
consisting chiefly of persons resident at Plymouth and other towns
in the west of England, and thence
denominated the Plymouth Company, were allowed to choose a
place of settlement between 38 and
45 degrees north latitiule.
As a
consideiable portion of the territory thus allotted was common to the
two districts, a provision was added,
that the colony last planted should
not approach within one hundred
miles of that already established.
" The next year colonies were
sent out by the two companies.
One was fixed at Jamestown, of
which Gosnold
was the prime
mover,' and Capt. Smith an active
member; the other was established
at Sagadahock, or the mouth of the
A
'
Saco and Biddeford were formerThe former was first
ly united.
1631, the latter in 1630.
a few extracts from Mr.
Folsom's valuable liislory of tho.5e
towns, as they contain some interesting information in relation to the
first settlement of this part of
settled in
We
make
New
England.
" The unfortunate termination of
Sir V/alter Raleigh's
attempts
to
colonize Virginia during the reign
of Queen Elizabeth, had effectually checked the spirit of enterprise
in England in relation to the settlement of America.
The discoveries of Gosnold and Pring, and the
shortness of their voyages, now
caused the subject to be revived,
and to excite more general interest
than had before existed.
On the
Kennebec, led by Captains George
Popham, brother to tlie Chief Jusand Raleigh Gilbert.
This
colony consisted of 108 men;
whether accompanied by their Aimilies, we are not informed.
They
arrived on the coast near the island
of Monhcagan, a few leagues east
tice,
Kennebec,
August, and soon
of the
mouth
in the
month of
after entered the
of that river, where, on the
eastern side, on an island now forming a part of Georgetown, they
commenced preparations for a permanent settlement without delay.
Monheagan was agreed upon as a
place of rendezvous for the ships
before leaving England, and al-
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
we are not directly told that
the destination of the colony was
determined before their arrival,
The
there is no doubt of the fact.
great patron of the enterprise, Chief
Jus'ice Popham, eb*;ainec' an accurate survey of the coast the year
before, and doubtless selected the
mouth of that" fair and navigable
river," as the Kennebec is styled
by Smith, as a favorable location for
the seat of the colony.
" The lateness of the season
scarcelj allowed the colonists time
to erect a fort and the necessary
places of shelter before the approach of winter, which proved
More than
excessively rigorous.
half their number returned with
the ships to England in December,
in consequence of the severity of
the cold and the scantiness of their
supplies.
Soon after those who
had remained had the misfortune to
lose the greater part of their buildCapt. Popings and stores by tire.
ham died in the course of the winter, and an arrival in the spring
brought news of the death of the
though
Chief Justice.
Raleigh Gilbert,
who succeeded Popham
as presi-
dent of the Colony, was under the
necessity of returning to England
on account of the decease of his
brother, of
which intelligence was
the river Penobscot, from whence
he carried to England live of the
natives, "three of whom," says
Gorges, " I seized upon they were
all of one nation, but of several
parts and several families.
This
accident must be acknowledged the
uieans under God of putting on foot
and giving life to all our plantations."
He retained these Indians in his family three years, and
obtained from them much information respecting their native shores
they were afterwards sent back.
Gorges hv^nceforth took a deep interest in schemes for the settlement
of North Virginia, and was rather
chagrined than discouraged by the
return of the Sagadahock colonists,
and the unfavorable reports which
they spread concerning the coun" He had too much experitry.
ence in the world," he said, " to be
frighted with such a blast, as knowing many great kingdoms and large
territories more northerly seated
;
:
ing the prejudice excited by the
" Sir Ferdinando Gorg-es, a con-
member of the Plymouth
Company, alone remained undis-
spicuous
attention
to
Wey-
of this
King James.
The
of his course,
mouth had accidently discovered
have been
;
couraged.
flailing short
and by many degrees colder, were
plentifully inhabited, and divers of
them stored with no better commodities than these afforded, if like
industry, art and labor be used."
Unable, however, to persuade the
company to undertake the planting
of a second colony. Gorges engaged
in private enterprises to this coast,
which began to be much resorted to
by English ships for purposes of
trade with the natives, and of fishing.
In the year 1616, he sent
hither a party commanded by Richard Vines, for the express object of
exploring the country with a view
to form
a settlement.
He contracted with them to remain during
the winter, with the hope of remov-
received by another arrival, and
the colonists, discouraged Jjy so many adverse circumstances, resolved
to abandon the country and return
with him.
Thus in less than one
year from the time the settlement
was commenced, the northern colony was broken up the country
was denounced as uninhabitable,
and no further attempts were made
for many years to promote its settlement by the Company to whom
it was assigned by the patent of
gentleman appears
turned to this part of America
year 1605, when Capt. Weymouth arrived in the harbor of
Plymouth where he resided, on his
return from a voyage for the discovery of the northwest pa-jstge.
first
in the
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
The
Sagadahock colonists against the
character of the climate.
" They arrived during the prevalence of a destructive disease
among the natives, which spread
er, on the western side, near the
capacious and sheltered basin now
called the Pool, but in early times
known as Winter harbor.
" Vines performed several voyages
to our coast in the service of Gorges,
and it is probable made Winter HarWhile he
bor his principal resort.
was occupied in exploring the
country and trading with the na-
New
throughout
mencing
spot v.'hich they selected for
their abode, we have reason to suppose, was at tlie mouth of Saco riv-
its
England, comravages in the west.
This pestilence is noticed by all the
writers on the early history of New
England, with some difference of
opinion as to the precise year of its
A
occurrence.
late and highly respectable writer supposes it to have
prevailed in different places at different times, but a few years previous to the arrival of the Plymouth
pilgrims. It was regarded by those
pious colonists as a special interposition of divine providence in their
favor, so great was the havoc it
made among the tribes in that quarter.
'Thus,' says old Morton, 'God
made way for his people by removing the heathen and planting them
tives,
nists
or planters.
" The husbandmen took up tracts
of 100 acres, of which they received leases on nominal or small rents,
from Mr. Vines.
Some of these
are now on record.
estate that
had been in the possession of Thomas Cole, including 'a mansion or
dwellinghouse,' was leased by Mr.
Vines to John West for the term of
lOOO years, for the annual rent of
two shillings and one capon, a previous consideration having been
paid by West.
The lease which is
partly in the latin language, was
executed, 1638. Another deed from
Vines requires the lessee to yield
An
who were engaged
war with each other when the pestilence made its appearance. In the midst of these
evils, the Englishmen passed with
safety among them, and slept in
their cabins without suffering from
the contagion.
They were in particular welcomed by the savages
whom they had seen in the family
in a destructive
in
visited
and pay an acknowledgement and
rent-charge of 5s., two days work,
and one fat goose yearly. In this
manner were
different parts of the coast,
lish
themselves
prepared to estabfor the winter.
the planters ren-
in fee simple.
at
this little party
all
dered tenants to the propiietor,
none of them holding their estates
Plymouth, and now
their native homes.
Having
met
fish-
and trade with the natives.
Most of them combined these pursuits, and were styled husbandmen
penetrated into the interior, visiting
the Indians in their villages and
wigwams, who received them with
great kindness and hospitality. Beside the ravages of sickness, they
were at this time thrown info confusion by the death of the Bashaba
or chief sachem, whom the Tarrantincs, living east of the Penobscot,
had attacked by surprise and destroyed with his family the preceding year.
Great dissensions had
immediately followed among the
Gorges
were chiefly agriculture,
ing,
" Mr. Vines and his companions
of
in
How
long he pursued this
course, we are not informed, nor do
we find him mentioned again until
several years after his early residence at Winter Harbor.
" The employments of the colo-
in the land.'
different tribes,
men were engaged
his
fishing.
|
Fishing was the most common
occupation, as it was both easy and
profitable to barter the products of
this business for corn from Virginia,
and other stores from England.
The trade with the planters of Mas-
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
8achu?etts soon became consideraIn 1636, Mr. Vines had a
ble.
consignment of bread and beef from
Jocelyn remarks that
that quarter.
•Winter Harbor is a noted place for
describes the mode of
pursuing this business in the followmanner: 'The fishermen take
He
fishers.'
in"-
yearly on the coast many hundred
quintals of cod, hake, haddock, poltheir
lock, &c. and dry them at
a
stages, making three voyages in
They make merchantable
year.
and refuse fi4i, which they sell to
Massachusetts merchants ; the first
per quintal ; the
32 ryals
travelling into the interior for this
and French
English
purpose.
goods were bartered for valuable
furs, particularly beaver."
Saddle Mountain, Mass.
See JidMms.
gaddleli>acl£
Mountain, Me.
Franklin co. This mountain is a
few miles south of Mount Abraham,
it is 25 miles N. AV. from Farmington, and about 4,U00 feet above the
level of the sea.
Sagadalioclc, Me.
($4)
for
The ancient name o( a section of
oi
sends country, at and east of the mouth
The merchant
and 2,25.)
Kennebec river. See Saco.
Marthe first to Lisbon, Bilboa,
other
St. All>ans, Me.
seilles, Bordeaux, Toulon, and
pipecities of France ; to Canaries,
Somerset co. This is a valuable
refuse
staves and clapboards; the
miles N. N.
the ne- township of land, 46
fish to the W. Indies for
E. from Augusta, and 26 N. E. by
To every shallop belong
groes.
Incorporasteers- E. from Norridgewock.
four fishermen, a master or
Population, 1S30, 911 ;
shore ted, 1S13.
man, a midshipman, and a
This town contains a
1837, 1,393.
man, who washes it out of the salt,
the outpitched large and beautiful pond ;
and dries it upon hurdles
which forms a good mill
let of
upon stakes breast high, and tends
Sebasticook
They often get in stream, a branch of pleasant and
their cookery.
share river. There are two
one voyage 8 or 9 barrels a
flourishing villao-es in St. Albans.
per man. The merchant buys of
10,294 bushels
peas, wheat, Wheat crop, 1837,
the planters beef, pork,
Indian corn, and sells it to the fishSt. Allbans, Vt.
ermen.'
This
Shire town of Franklin co.
" The expense of each planter to
by
is bounded on the west
town
provision himself was quite small,
lies 46 miles
an estimate Champlain lake. It
if we may judge from
N. Vv\ by N. from Montpelier, and
furnished by Mr. Jocelyn for the
25 N. from Burlington. First setinformation of proposed emigrants.
Populaprevi- tled about the year" 1785.
similar estimate had been
The soil of this
1S30, 2,395.
tion
ously made by Capt. Smith with
town is fertile, and under the manreference to Virginia. ' Victuals to
is renderof agement of good farmers,
last one man a year; 8 bushels
In 1837, there
productive.
two bushels of peas, 6 ed very
meal, £2:
sheep in the town, and
two bushels of oatmeal, were 8,459
shi11ino;s
the exports of wool and other pro9 shillhigs one gallon of aqua vit:e,
soil are large and
one gallon of oil, ductions of the
(brandy,^ 2s. Gil.
The water communicavaluable.
two gallons of vinegar,
refuse
for
9 and
10 shillings ($2,
A
:
:
:
3s.
6cZ.
2s.:'
:
total,
£3
3s.,
equal
to
$14.
was carA considerable
many
ried on with the natives by
of the planters, some of them visi"
ting-
°
traffic
remote parts of the
31*
coast, or
by the lake to New-York and
Canada, render St. Albans a mart
the surof considerable trade from
tions
rounding country. The first vesthat arsel from Lake Champlain,
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
New
York, by the northbuilt and owned at St. Albans.
The Village of St. Albans is
situated on elevated
beautifully
ground, and commands a fine prosrived at
ern canal,
was from,
pect.
It contains many handsome
buildings, and is a busy place in the
manufacture of various articles. It
lies three miles from the lake, and
twelve miles from the line of Canada.
St.
bounded northerly by a neck of
land adjoining Thomaston, E. by
the western waters of Penobscot
bay, S. by the Atlantic, and W. by
the waters of Muscongus bay and
St. George's river.
This town possesses, in an eminent degree, every
navigable facility. It is a place of
considerable ship building, and the
people are engaged in the lumber
trade, coasting and fishing.
There
are a number of islands on the coast
of this town
a cluster of islands
called St. Georges, are the most
considerable.
They lie off the
town S. by W. about 5 miles. St.
Geoi'ge was incorporated in 1803.
Population, 1837, 1,883.
It lies 57
miles S. E. from Augusta, and 10
:
Croix River.
This river forms the boundary
between the United States and
the British Province of New Brunswick, from the ocean to Grand
Lake. It is sometimes called Passamaquoddi/, ScJioodic and Che- S. from Warren.
putnetecook. This river rises in
St. George River is a valuable
Grand Lake and passes to the stream, both on account of its hyocean in a S. E. course. The dis- draulic power and navigable actances on this important river are commodations.
It receives its most
as follows: from Eastport to Ca- distant waters from ponds in Montlais, at the head of navigation, is 28
ville, Searsmont and Belmont in
from Calais to the mouth of the county of Waldo, and, in a
miles
Schoodic river, 21 miles, and from southerly course, passes to Union,
thence to Grand Lake is 33 miles
where it receives the waters of
Eastport to several ponds, and meets the tide at
distance from
total
Grand Lake, 82 miles. There are Wai-ren. The length of this river
many elevations in this river, and is about 40 miles it is navigable to
consequently many falls and rapids, Warren, 15 miles from the sea.
producing a great hydraulic power.
St. Greorge, Vt.
The mouth of the western branch of
Chittenden co,
A small town
the St. Croix, or Schoodic river, is
bounded W, by Shelburne, 28 miles
166 feet above tide water, at Calais
and the whole fall from Grand Lake W, by N. from Montpelier, and 8
First setS. E. from Burlington.
to sea level is 444 feet.
line
:
:
;
St.
The
Or the Peclieenegamook, rises in
*he county of Piscataquis, on the
border of Canada. It has a number
of tributaries and receives the waters of several lakes.
It is about
50 miles in length, and, parsing
nearly south falls into the river St,
John, on the line of Penobscot
count3^
St.
Population, 1830,
tled, 1784.
Francois iiiver, Me,
George, Me.
the
surface
soil
is
is
is
1.35.
high and uneven:
composed of loam, clay
and gravel.
St. J'oliii's lliver.
See Fundi/, Bay.
St. .Io3iissl>ury?
Vt.
This pleasant and
35 miles N, E.
from Montpelier, 57 N. from Hanover, N, H. and 7 E, from Danville.
The town was organized in 1790.
Population, 1830, 1,592 ; 1838, about
Caledonia co.
flourishing
town
,
Lincoln co.
This township
nearly surrounded by water
It
is
is
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
2,000.
the soil
The
surface is uneven, but
generally strong and fertile. In 1837,there were 4,546 sheep
in the town.
is
The amount
of available water
is great and
valuable, indicating its future importance as a site for large manu-
power
in St.
Johnsbury
The Passumpsic
factories.
considerable stream,
which
bined.
river
is
the estab-
lishment ofE. and I. Fairbanks, for
the manufacture of their improved
platform balances, on an extensive
scale
also iron works of various
kinds, on the other streams.
There are three handsome villages in the town: that called the
;
Plain, is on elevated ground and
near the junction of the streams.
This town commands the trade of a
considerable portion of country, and
these
which are neatly
an active business.
villages,
built, enjoy
Salem, Me.
Somerset
tered
by
a
co.
This town is v»abranch of Seven Mile
Brook, and lies 52 miles N. N. W.
from Augusta, and 23 N. W. from
Norridgewock. Incorporated, 1823.
Population, 1837, 496.
This is a
good farming town; it produced in
1837, 4,216 bushels of wheat.
Salem,
li.
Salem, Vt.
falls into
aflbrd a succession of excellent mill
seats seldom seen so closely com-
Sleeper's
tion, in 1830, 1,310.
river, a
Connecticut river at the foot of Fifteen Mile Falls, passes through the
central part of the town from north
to south.
Moose and Sleeper's rivers unite with the Passumpsic and
On
ceives in its course
numerous
branches, and waters the different
portions of the town, furnishing also
excellent mill privileges. The soil
is generally fertile, and the surface
uneven. Salem was incorporated
by charter, May 11, 1750. Popula-
H.,
Rockingham co., is 30 miles S.
from Concord, and 40 S. W. from
Portsmouth. Policy pond, partly in
this town, and paitly in Windham, is
the largest collection of water:
World's end pond and Captain pond
are in the S. E. and E. parts of the
town; and there are other small
ponds. The Spiggot river, passing
from N. to S. through the town, re'-
Orleans
co.
This
is
a
township
of level surface, and tolerable soil;
50 miles N.N. E. from Montpelier
and
lON.E. from
Irasburgh. First
1798.
Population, 1830,
230.
Clyde river passes through
the N. E. part of the town and apart
of the south bay of Memphremagog lake lies in the N. W. corner.
settled,
Salem, Mass.,
One
of the shire towns in Essex
CO.
This is the oldest and largest
seaport but one in old Massacliu-
Indian name was JS'^aIt is 14 miles N. N. E.
from Boston, and lies in lat. 42° 31'
19" N., and Ion. 70° 54^ W. Population, 1836, 15,002. Salem is nearly surrounded by water, being situated between two inlets of the sea,
called the north and south rivers.
To the main, and now inhabited part
of the town, is attached a peninsular
portion of land, called the Neck.
This was the first inhabited land,
and was formerly used for fishing
and other purposes. It ultimately
became the pioperty of the town,
and was, for a long time, used as a
public pasture.
In 1816, when the
present Alms House was built, a
setts.
Its
umkeag.
large portion of it was enclosed, and
has since been cultivated as the
Alms House farm. The finest and
most comprehensive view of Salem may be had from <' Gallows
Hill."
Its situation is low,
but
pleasant and healthy.
Its streets
are quite irregular.
Essex is the
only street which runs through the
town and is very angular and crooked.
Federal and Bridge streets are
broad, straight and regular.
Ches-
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
cut is esteemed the handsomest,
though it is not the most public
street.
It has rows of elms on either side. Winter and Broad streets
are the widest.
was made
The
tirst
pavement
Essex street, between
Court and North streets, in 1773,
and is still in use. The south chui-ch
has great architectural beauty, and
the north church is built of stone,
with a beautiful front of the gothic
in
There is a Custom House
head of Derby wharf. Salem has always been a commercial
order.
at the
1644, there was
make Salem the
a strong party to
seat of government,
but in this attempt, the
deputies
were defeated.
In 1675, Capt. Thomas Lathrop
and his company were killed by the
Indians, at Bloody Brook. He, with
Roger Conant, had removed from
Salem to Beverly, in 1668. His
company were called the " Flower
of Essex," and many of them were
from Salem.
In 1081, Major William Hawthorne died.
He was a leading and
infiuential character in his time,
It has a convenient harbor
speaker, assistant,
and good anchorage. In point of having been
Vt^calth and commerce, it has al- judge, commissioner of the united
ways ranked as the second town in colonies, &c., and having ever
showed himself able, faithful, and
New England.
worthy of confidence.
Its history is idcntiiled with that
of Massachusetts, and there is much
In 1687, William Brown gave a
Its
farm for the benetit of the schools
in it to interest and instruct.
rank, the character and number of of Salem. The Brown family were
ever great friends and liberal pat
its population, its facilities for comThey not only
merce, and the advantage of being rons of learning.
the chosen residence of many of made donations to the Salem schools,
the first and most distinguished set- but also to Harvard College for the
benefit of poor scholars.
tlers, made it earl}'' and seriously
In 1692, the witchcraft delusion
thought of as the Capital, instead
of Boston.
It was first settled in prevailed in Salem, and nineteen
1626, by Roger Conant, Peter Pal- persons were tried and lianged as
Though designated " the
fray and others, who had failed in witches.
an attempt to plant themselves at Salem witchcraft," it had pervaded
Cape Ann. In 1628, a cession of other places, previously to its apMassachusetts was made to Sir pearance here. In England, laws
Henry Roswell and others, with a had been enacted against it, and Sir
view to establish a colony there. Matthew Hale, gave to those laws
In 1648, Margaret
Of this company, Matthew Cradock his sanction.
was President, and in 162S, John Jones was condemned and hanged
Endicott was sent over to reside at at Charlestown, and in 1655, Ann
Salem as the company's agent, in Hibbins, at Boston. The imputathe same year, the first church v.as tion for a time induced a belief of
the reality of the imposition but
formed.
It has ever been remarkable for its succession of eminent, time finally detected and exposed
independent and useful Divines; the eircr.
The house, in which
among whom, are the Higginsons, the accused were tried, is still standSkelton, Roger Williams, Hugh Pe- ing at the western corner of Essex
and North streets, and the place of
ters, Noyes, Fiske, Dr. Prince, &c.
In 1634, the first general court m.et their execution is now known as
Roger Conant was " Gallows Hill." A full and interat Newton.
one of the first deputies from Salem. esting account of this delusion of
In 1643, Massachusetts was divi- the imagination has been written
ded into 4 counties; Essex, Mid- and published by Rev. C. W. Updlesex, Suffolk and Norfolk.
In ham.
place.
;
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
In 1698, a great fire broke out,
several dwelling
and destroyed
houses.
In 1718, the second or
east church was built and is still
standing. The celebrated Dr. Bentley was pastor of this church. He
"wrote a " Description of Salem,"
which is published in the " Collections of the Mass. Hist. Society."
In 1774, General Gage ordered
the removal of the general court to
Salem. At that time, Boston was a
The merchants and
closed port.
citizens
of
Salem called
a
town
meeting, at which, resolutions denouncing, in very strong terms, the
Boston port bill, were passed unanimously.
The meeting was very
full, and a copy of their doings was
communicated to their neighbors of
Boston. On the 11th of June, when
Gov. Gage was at Salem, an address,
numerously signed, was presented
to him, which reflects high honor
on the sense of justice and patriotism of this ancient town. Among
other things it said, " By shutting
up the port of Boston, some imagine that the course of trade mi^ht
be turned hither and to our benefit
but nature in the formation of our
harbor forbids our becoming rivals
in commerce to that convenient
mart.
must
And were it otherwise, we
be dead to every idea of jus-
— lost to feelings of humani— could we indulge one thought
tice
ty
all
on wealth and raise ourfortunes on the 7-uin of our suffering
neighbors."
In 1776, Feb. 26, Col. Leslie,
with a British regiment from Boston Castle, landed privately at Salem and proceeded to the North
bridge, with a view to seize on some
to seize
military stores beyond it.
The citizens were, at the time, in meeting
but Col. Timothy Pickering, with
30 or 40 men, got there in season to
raise the draw, and thus prevent
Leslie and his regiment from passing further. The British attempted
to cross the river in a gondola,
but the Americans scuttled the
;
Finally, Col. Leslie proposed
that if he should be permitted to
pass 30 rods beyond the bridge, he
would return. Having been permitted, the gallant colonel returned
peaceably to Boston.
During the revolution, there
were about 60 armed vessels fitted
out from Salem, manned by 4,000
boat.
men
and many unrecorded deeds
high daring and chivalrous adventure were performed on the sea by
citizens of Salem, during that eventful period.
Indeed, in her naval
achievements consists principally
the part which Salem bore in the
;
of
revolutionary struggle.
This seaport has been more known
for its East India trade than any
other in the United States. The
Salem engaged in
was the Grand Turk,
owned by E. H. Derby. She was
at the Cape of Good Hope in 1784,
commanded by Capt. Jonathan Ingersoll, and at Canton in 1786, commanded by Ebenezer West.
A
first
ship from
this trade
model of her, completely rigged,
in the
Museum.
is
In 1818, there
were 53 vessels employed in this
trade belonging to Salem, the tonnage of which was 14,272 tons.
Salem became a city in 1836. Its
government consists of a mayor and
six aldermen, and tv/enty-four common council men. Its public schools
are nineteen. The number of scholars in 1837, was 1,534, and the
amount paid for instruction ^8,877.
The AthencBum was incorporated
Edward A. Holyoke,
in 1810.
William Orne, Nathaniel Silsbee
and Samuel Putnam were authorised to call the first meeting of the
proprietors.
The stock is divided
into 90 or 100 shares.
Its library
contains about 9,000 volumes. The
institution, though at present rather
private, may ultimately become
more public.
The Museum is remarkable for the
extent and variety of its natural and
artificial curiosities, collected from
almost every part of the world.
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
There are 4,721 names of
articles
on the catalogue
:
they are
kept in a spacious hall built for that
purpose, and belong to the East India Marine society.
This society
consists of such only as have actually navigated the seas near the
Cape of Good Hope or Cape Horn,
as inris'eror factor,
in 1823, there
were l(jO of these enterprising men
living in Salem.
The hail is open
daily for the reception of visitors,and
vast numbers of strangers thi-ong
there.
All come with an eager and
excited curiosity, and leave with
that curiosity at least gratified, if
not satisfied.
The commerce
Salem is very
extended. There is hardly any part
of the world which her ships have
sels,
of
The number
not visited.
engaged
in foreign
of ves-
commerce,
100 or more, and 18 in the whaling business, beside the vessels employed in the coasting trade and fishez-y.
Tonnage of the district in
1837, 32,800 tons.
Many of the wharves bear the
names of their builders and owners:
as the Allen, Derby, Peabody, Forester and Phillips' wharf. This last
was recently re-built by Stephen
C. Phillips, on the ruins of the old
Crowninshield wharf, which had
is
become
dilapidated and useless. It
an admirable piece of work.
Although Salem is without any
important water power, and has ever been almost exclusively devoted
to maritime pursuits, yet its manufacturing interests are by no means
small.
During the year ending
April 1, 1837, the value of its manufactures amounted to $1,471,889.
is
They consisted of vessels, cordage,
leather, boots, shoes, hats, tin and
cabinet wares, chairs, spirits ; white,
sheet and pipe lead, carriages, straw
bonnets, sperm candles, tobacco,
alum, saltpetre refined, aquafortis,
muriatic acid,oil of vitriol, &c. The
value of its whale, cod and mackerel
fisheries, the same
year,
amounted
to
$210,843.
The Aqueduct
different
furnishes the city
with a constant supply of fresh
and soft spring water.
The fire department is under good
regulations.
Some of the societies
in the city are the " East India Marine society," incorporated in 1801
the " E. I. M. Hall Corporation," in
1824; the " Salem Charitable Mechanic Association," instituted in
1817, and incorporated, in 1822 the
" Essex Historical Society," in
1821, and the " Salem Lyceum,"
;
which was formed in 1830
The Common was reserved "
a training field
for the
as
use of Sa-
lem, "in 1713. It is a beautiful, level spot of giound, surrounded by a
double row of elm and other ornamental trees, and is designed to
have a gravel walk around it. The
alms house formerly stood upon it,
but it is now entirely unencumbered.
The City Hall was
built in 1837.
It
has a beautiful granite front, and
is
handsomely finished and furnish-
ed within.
The Rail-Road from Salem
to
Boston, was opened for travel, August 28, 1838 ; thus making Salem,
as it were, a part of Boston.
The
first stage between these cities was
run by Ezra Burrill, in 1782. It
went to Boston one day and returned to Salem the next. Now the distance can be easily passed over in
50 minutes; and at the same time,
will
ride rapidly
the traveller
through a beautiful and picturesque
country.
See Register.
Among the distinguished men, in
almost every profession, which Salem claims as among its sons, the
name
of Nathaniel
Bowditch,
LL. D.,F. R. S.,authorofthe PracJVavigator, is identified with
fame and nautical achievements.
Dr. Bowditch was born at Salem,
He was taken
March 26, 1773.
from school at the age of 10 years
and placed as an apprentice to a
ship chandler.
At the age of 22
tical
its
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
he went
to sea and spent nine years
in the capacity of captain's clerk,
supercargo, and finally as master of
a ship.
In 1804, he became president of a Marine Insurance Company, in Salem, which office he held
until 1S23, when his superior talents
called him to !)ecom8 Actuary of the
Massachusetts Hospital Life Insurance Company, in Boston ; the responsible and laborious duties of
which olfice he faithfully discharged until his death, March 16, 1S3S.
Notwithstanding his limited means
of education. Dr. Bowditch acquired, by his extraordinary genius and
economy of time, a perfect knowledge of all the modern languages,
and became the most eminent math-
ding to thy word
last words."
?'
These were
his
Salem, Ct.
New London
co.
This town was
taken from the towns of Colchester,
Lyme and Montville; but the principal part from Colchester, and incorporated in 1819.
It comprises
an area of six by five miles of fertile and productive land.
The inhabitants are generally good farmers, who live scattered about on
their farms. Population, 1830, 958.
Salem is well watered by small
streams, and is bounded on the N.
E. by a large and beautiful pond.
It lies 29 miles S. E. from Hartford,
and 13 N. W. from New London.
ematician and astronomer in AmerSalisbury, K". H.,
The Practical JVavigator, has
been translated into every EuropeMerrimack co., lies 15 miles N.
an language, and its use is co-exten- from Concord. Black water i-iver
sive with maritime adventures.
passes through the W. part of SalisAnother work of Dr. Bowditch, bury. There are 5 bridges across
places his name, as a man of science, this stream in this town.
The soil
still higher on the roil of fame.
of the upland is strong, deep and
It
is his translation of the Jilecanique
loamy the hilly land affords some
Celeste of La Place, with an elab- fine tracts of tillage, but chiefly
orate and copious commentary on abounds in excellent pasturage. On
that work, in four large quarto vol- Blackwater river, there is some veumes. This work was completed ry fertile intervale, which united
just before his death.
with the adjacent hilly land, comThe last hours of such a man as poses several very valuable farms.
Dr. Bowditch, cannot fiiil to be inconsiderable portion of Kearsargc
teresting, as they mark his charac- mountain ranges within the bounds
ter through life.
friend of his of Salisbury, the N. W. corner
who was present, says, " lie did not bound of \vhich extends nearly to
like to see those about him look sad the summit.
There are two very
and gloomy ; and he remarked, on pleasant villages in this town, situone occasion, I feel no gloom with- ated on the 4th N. H. turnpike
in me
why should you wear it in about 1 1-2 miles apart.
your faces r'
On the morning of
Salisbury was incorporated by
his death, when his sight was very charter from the government of N.
dim and his voice almost gone, he H., March 1, 1763, when it took
called his children to his bed side, the name ofSalisbury.lt was settled
and, arranging them in the order as early as 1750.
The first settlers
of age, pointed to and addressed were Philip Call, Nathaniel Meloon,
each by name, ' You see I can dis- Benjamin Pettcngill, John and Ebtinguish you all
and now I give enezer Webster, Andrew Bohonyou my parting blessing. The time non, Edward Eastman, and others.
' Lord, now
is come.
lettest thou The first inhabitants experiencod
thy servant depart in peace, accor- the inroads of the Indians. On the
ica.
;
A
A
'
;
;
�NEW ENGLAND
GAZETTEER.
1753, Nathaniel Me- tains some rough land, and some
W. part of the excellent meadows. It is watered
town, was captured, together with by Otter Creek, Middlebury and
his wife, and three children, viz
Leicester rivers. The latter river
Sarah, Rachel, and Daniel.
They atfords a good water power, which
were carried to Canada, where he propels a number of valuable manuand his wife were sold to the French facturing establishments.
Leicesin Montreal.
The three children ter river is the outlet of Lake Dunwere
kept
by
the
Indian*. more, a fine sheet of water, about
After the parents
had resided four miles in length, and three
in Montreal about a year and a fourths of a mile in width.
This
half, they had a son born, who was lake lies in Leicester and Salisbubaptized by a French friar by the ry.
There is a pleasant and flourname of Joseph Mary. Mr. Me- ishing village in the town, and a
loon returned from captivity after large cavern supposed to have been
four years and a half, to his farm in an Indian lodging place.
SalisbuSalisbury.
Sarah died with the In- ry lies 34 miles S. W. from Montdians.
Rachel, who was 9 years peiier, and is bounded N. by Midold when captured, returned after dlebury.
Population, 1830, 907.
9 years.
She had become much
Salisbury, Mass.
attached to the Indians, was about
Essex CO.
to be married to Peter Louis, son of
In 1633, this town
Col. Louis, of Cognawaga.
She was granted, by the name of Merhad the habits, and acted like an rimack, to be a plantation, unto SiIndian, understood the Indian lan- mon Bradstieet, Daniel Dennison,
guage and could sing their songs. and others. The year following it
Hon. Ebenezer Webster was was incorporated by the name of
one of the early settlers; a patiiot Colchester, and in 1640 assumed, by
of the revolution an officer of the direction of the then general court,
militia ; for several years a senator the name of Salisbury. It is seven
in the legislature, and a judge of by three miles in extent, and is
the court of common pleas till his bounded southerly by the river
death in 180G.
He was the father Merrimack, westerly by Pov/ow
of the Hon. Ezexiel and Dan- river, which divides it from the
iel, Webster, names well known town of Amesbury, northerly by
throughout the country. Popula- the New Hampshire line, which
separates it from the towns of South
tion, in 1S30, 1,379.
Hampton and Seabrook, and easterSalisbury, Vt.
ly by the sea.
Addison co. The widow of Amos
In 1G43, the plantation in
Story, with S or 10 small children, Hampshire, viz. Hampton, Exeter,
was the first family that made Salis- Portsmouth and Dover, were united
bury a permanent residence. She to Massachusetts, and, together
came here in 1775, and endured with Salisbury and Haverhill, formevery hardship incident to the life ed into a new and distinct county,
of a pioneer; chopping down tim- called Norfolk, of which Salisbury
ber, clearing the land, laboring in was the shire tov/n, and so continthe field, and sleeping in a cavern. ued to the year 1679, when New
Mr. Story, Avas killed by the falling Hampshire was again separated and
of a tree previous to the removal formed into a royal government. In
of his family. The proprietors gave August, 1737, commissioners, apMrs. Story 100 acres of land for pointed by the crown, met at Hampher manly conduct.
The soil of ton falls, for the purpose of settling
the town is generally good ; it con- a controversy, respecting the boun-
16th of
May,
loon, living in the
:
;
New
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
dary line, which had long subsisted
Salisbury) Ct.
between the two governments of
Massachusetts
On
shire.
court of
al
vened
at
and
New Hamp-
this occasion the
gener-
New
Hampshire conHampton, and that of
Massachusetts
at Salisbury.
Salis-
from Newburyport,
4 miles, from Haverhill 12, from Exeter, N, H. 10, and from Portsmouth
bury
20.
distant
is
Population, in 1837, 2,675.
There are two considerable
vil-
the largest is at
lages in Salisbury
the westerly part of the town, upon Powow river at the head of tide
water. The village is divided by
said river into two pretty equal
parts, one in Salisbury, the other
In that part of the
in Amesbury.
village that lies in Salisbury, are
;
flannel factories, one 200 feet
long and .50 feet wide, the other 100
feet by 40 feet. The establishment
is called, the Salisbury ManufacCapital $500,turing Coi-poration.
two
000.
There is also in this village
a large tannery, and manufactures
of cotton goods, shoes, combs, boats,
wherries and molasses casks.
The other village is pleasantly
situated on the bank of the Merrimack, on a point of land formed by
the junction of that river with the
generally known by
of IVehstcr's
Point. Shipbuilding long has been,
and still is, a principal branch of
business in this place and its character is well established for building excellent vessels. There are
now nine sail of vessels owned in
Powow
;
and
is
the distinctive
name
;
and employed paitly in
the coasting trade, and partly in the
cod and mackerel fishery.
The annual product of the manufactures of Salisbury, including
vessels, and of the tishery, is about
this village
$500,000.
Salisbury and Amesbury are finely located for business; the villages
are neat and the scenery around
Salisbitry
them very pleasant.
Beach is noted for its beauty, and
is much frequented.
32
The Housatonick
Litchfield co.
and Salmon rivers give this town a
great and constant water power.
The surface of Salisbury is formed
of lofty elevations and deep valleys
;
but the
soil
is
excellent for
and pasturage.
The valleys are generally limeThe
stone, and the hills granite.
number of sheep kept here in 1837,
all
sorts of
grain
was 8,999.
" Salisbury Centre," a pleasant
village, is 53 miles N. W. from
New Haven, 50 W. N. W. from
Hartford, 22 N. W. from Litchfield,
and 34 N. W. by Vv. from Hudson,
Population, 1830, 2,580.
N. Y.
The Indian name of the town was
Weatog.
It was first settled by
the whites in 1720.
Salisbury has long been celebrated for its excellent iron ore and
The guns on
manufactures.
board our favorite frigate, " Old
Iron Sides," used by "Truxton in
the capture of the L'Insurgente,
were made at the old furnace in
iron
Salisbury.
The "Old Ore Hill,'* two miles
west of Wanscopommuc lake, has
been worked since the year 1732.
Within the last 10 or 15 years, from
five to six thousand tons of ore have
The ore is
been dug annually.
One
sold at the mine for $3 a ton.
dollar and twenty-five cents is paid
to the proprietor of the mine, and
The first
the residue to the miner.
furnace in Salisbury was erected in
1762, at the outlet of Wanscopommuc, by S. and E. Forbes, Mr.
Hazeltine, and Ethan Allen, the
large
hero of Ticonderoga.
A
amount of cannon, balls, and bombshells were manufactured here during the revolutionary war.
The large and inexhaustible quantities of iron ore found in Salisbury,
and the abundant supply of wood
for charcoal, and other materials
necessary for smelting the ore, together with the superior quality
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
of iron, introduced other manufactures ; and iron has continued from
that time the staple commodity of
There are at present
the town.
in Salisbury, 4 blast furnaces, 5
forges, with 20 fires, 2 puddling
establishments, 1 screw shop, 1
anchor shop, 2 scythe manufactories, 1 hoe manufactory, 2 trip hammers, 2 cupola or pocket furnaces,
for small castings.
From
five to six
bushels of
consumed
hundred thousand
charcoal are annually
at the different establish-
ments. The puddling furnaces require from two to three thousand
ords ol wood annually. The number of workmen employed in the
different processes of preparing the
material and manufacturing the iron,
amount in all to about five hundred men.
The furnaces produce
annually from two thousand to two
thousand five hundred tons of pig
iron.
The forges and puddling establishments annually produce from
one thousand two hundred to one
thousand five hundred tons of
wrought iron, which is used for anchors, car axletrees, musket barrels, and various other kinds of
drafts.
The Salisbury iron ore is
the brown hematite, and yields
about forty per cent of pig iron.
It is
well
and stands
known to manufacturers,
as fair in the
any other iron
market
as
in the country.
Salmon Rivers.
the bank not more than three rods.
It is called the flume, and is about
four rods in length, its breadth varying from two and one half feet to
less than one foot ; but here the
water has a subterraneous passage.
In the rocks are many cavities from
one to seven feet in diameter, mostly cylindrical, and from one to four
feet in depth.
Salmon Brook.
See JVashua,
H.
Salmon river, Connecticut. This
JV.
beautiful mill stream has its source
in the high lands in Tolland county, and passing south, receiving in
its course many valuable tributaries, it meets the Connecticut at
East Haddam, producing a beautiful cataract.
There is a river of
this name in Salisbury, Ct.
Sanboriitoii, N.
II.,
Strafford co., has New Hampton
and Meredith on the N.,Gilmanton
E. and S. E., Franklin S. and W.,
and is 20 miles N. from Concord,
60 N. W. from Portsmouth, and 9
W. from Gilford.
The bay between Sanbornton and
Meredith is 3 miles in width. There
are no rivers or ponds of magnitude
in this town.
Salmon Brook pond,
in the N. part, and a brook of the
same name, its outlet, are the only
ones worth mentioning. This brook
passes through the N. W. part of
the town, and affords several mill
sites.
Salmon
river, in
Maine,
is
a trib-
utary to the Penobscot, of about 30
miles in length.
Its course is S.,
and falls into the Penobscot about 4
miles below the union of the eastern and western branches of that
river.
Maine and
See PiscataIn this river, between Roqua.
chester and Lebanon, Maine, is a
fall, which, from its singularity,
Salmon Fall
river,
JVew Hampshire.
deserves notice.
The
river is conrocks, about 25
feet high, the breadth at the top of
fined
between two
Sanbornton presents an uneven
surface, but contains no mountains.
The highest hills, with one or two
exceptions, admit of cultivation.
The soil is almost universally good,
and well rewards the labor of paThere is a gulf in
tient industry.
town extending nearly a mile
through very hard rocky ground,
3S feet in depth, the walls from 80
to 100 feet asunder, and the sides
so nearly corresponding as to favor
an opinion that they were once united.
There is also a cavern in the
declivity of a hill, which may be
this
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
entered in a horizontal direction to
the distance of 20 feet. This town
was once the residence of a powerful tribe of Indians, or at least a
place where they resorted for de-
On
I'eacc.
the Winnepisiogee, at
ted township at the S. E. corner of
the county, on the line of Connec
ticut.
It is watered by a pleasant
stream, a branch of Farmington riv
er.
The soil is generally good,
particularly for pasturage. Consid-
the head of Little hay, are found
the remains of an ancient tortifica-
cble wool
It consisted of six walls, one
extending along the river, and across
a point of land into the bay, and
ned.
tion.
the others in right angles, connected by a circular wall in the
rear.
Traces of these walls are
yet to be seen, though most of the
stones, &c. of which they were
composed have been removed to the
dam thrown
place.
across the river at this
Within the
fort
have been
found numbers of Indian relics, implements, &,c., and also on an island
When the first settlers
of Sanbornton arrived, these walls
were breast high, and large oaks
were growing within their enclosure.
in the bay.
This town was settled in 1765
and 1766, by John Sanborn, David
Duston, Andrew Rowen and othIt was incorporated in 1770.
Population, 1830, 2,866.
ers.
co.
The people
of
town
are favored with mounand with crystal streams
which even the Bostonians might
Shettarack and Bald mounrelish.
this
Sandisfield
is
124 miles
W. by
from Boston, 18 S. E. by S, from
Lenox, and 38 E. from Hudson, N.
Y. Incorporated, 1762. Population,
S.
1837, 1,493.
gaudoAvu,
IV. II.}
Rockingham co., is bounded N.
by Chester and Poplin, E. by Danville, S. by Hampstead, W.
by
Chester and Londonderry. It is 31
miles S. E. from Concord, and 26
S. W\ from Portsmouth.
The surface of this town is rather uneven,
but the soil in general is well adapted to the production of grain and
Phillip's pond, lying in the
grass.
S. part of the town, is the largest,
being about 340 rods long, 200 wide.
Angle pond, in the S. E. part of
this town, is about 200 rods long,
and 90 or 100 wide. There are several other smaller ponds.
Squam-
scot river flows from Phillip's pond,
Santlgate, Vt.
Bennington
is grown in this town,
and a laige amo'int of leather tan-
tain air,
and pursues a nearly level course
1-2 miles, where another
for 1
stream unites with it from this
junction, whenever the waters are
high, the current passes back with
considerable force towards the pond.
The settlement of Sandown was
commenced about the year 1736,
by Moses Tucker, and others.
:
N. W. part of the
town Spruce and Equinox are in
Red mountain is in the
the N. E.
S. E., and Swearing hill in the S. The town was originally a part of
W. Between these elevations is Kingston, and was incorporated,
some good land, which produces 1756. Population, in 1830, 553.
tains are in the
;
;
and which, with
grass and grain
the mountain browse, affords feed
for more than 7,000 sheep.
Sandgate was chartered in 1761.
It is
20 miles N. from Bennington, and
31 S. by W. from Rutland.
Population, 1830, 933.
;
Saudisfield, Mass.
Berkshire co.
This
is
an eleva-
Saudwicli,
Strafford
miles N. N.
and about 50
co.
TH. II.
Sandwich
is
70
W. from Portsmouth,
N. from Concord. This
town was originally granted by
Gov. Benning Wentworth, in 1763,
and comprised 6 miles square.
On
the 5th Sept. 1764, upon the representation of the grantees that the
�NEW ENGLAND
N. and W. sides thereof were " so
loaded with inaccessible mountains
and shelves of rocks as to be uninhabitable" an additional grant was
made of territory on the E. and S.,
—
GAZETTEER.
New England crown glass has
been fully tested and found to be
as clear and stronger than any other now in use. Sandwich has a good
harbor, and about 20 sail of coasting
and fishing vessels.
the
called Smidwich Addition.
Sandwich mountains are a lofty range
It is proposed to unite Massachu
extending N. E. and terminating in setts and Bi'zzard's bays
by a ship
Chocorua Peak in Albany. Squam canal through this town,
the dis-
mountain, extending from Holderness through a corner of Campton
into Sandwich, is of considerable
height. There are other mountains.
The Bearcamp river, its branches
rising in the mountains N. and W.,
passes E. into Tarn worth.
The W.
tance
miles and the route
glancs at Mr. Hale's excellent map of New England, shows
most conclusively, the immense advantages to be derived by such a
work.
five
is
A
level.
Sandy Bay,
Mai»%.
branch passes through Bearcamp
pond.
There is another pond not
See Gloucester.
far distant from this, from which issues Red Hill river, passing S. into
the Winnepisiogee lake.
small
stream passes Vv. into the Pemige-
The most northern extremity of
A
wasset river.
About one
Nantucket Island, on which
light,
is
a
60 feet in height.
fourth of
Squam lake lies in the S. W. corner
of Sandwich. This is a flourishing
town with a number of mills. Thirty thousand pounds of maple sugar
was made here
1838.
Sandy Point, Mass.
in the spring of
Population, 1830, 2,744.
SaudAvicIi, Mass.
Barnstable co. This town is very pleasantly situated on the shoulder of Cape Cod, 12 miles S. W.
from Bai-nstable, 30 E. from New
Bedford, and 53 S. E. from Boston.
Incorporated, 1639.
Population,
1830,3,367; 1837, 3,579.
Sandwich is watered by a number of
streams which afford a good water
power; and by numerous ponds,
«ome of which are large, affording
a variety of excellent fish.
The
forests afford an abundance of deer,
and to the lovers of rural sports,
Sandwich and the neighboring
towns of Barnstable and Falmouth
have justly become favorite resorts.
The value of the manufactures of
the town for the year ending April
1, 1837,
amounted to $382,248.
They consisted of glass, ($300,000)
leather, nails, vessels, salt, iron castings, stoves, &c.
The value of
Sandy River, Me.
This valuable mill stream rehead waters in the county of Franklin, near Saddleback
mountain, and in a winding course
through the southern part of that
county it enters Somerset county
aud mingles with the Kennebec at
Starks, 37 miles above Augusta.
Sandy river is a fertilizing stream;
ceiver, its
it
receives a
number
of tributaries,
and waters a beautiful portion of
the state.
Its length is about 45
miles.
San ford. Me.
York
Sanford is watered by
it has a good water
power, and an establishment for the
CO.
Mousum
river;
manufacture and printing of cotton
Incorporated, 1768.
Pop-
goods.
ulation, 1837, 2,324.
S.
W. from Augusta,
from Portland, and
W, by Alfred
It is
35
is
94 miles
W.
S.
bounded
W.
S.
Sangerville, Me.
Piscataquis co.
This beautiful
and thriving town is not mountainous, but it is so elevated between
Penobscot and Kennebec rivers tha*
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
the waters of its ponds meet the
ocean by both of those streams.
Sangerville is 70 miles N. W. from
Augusta, and is bounded by Dover
Incorporated, 1814.
on the W.
Population,
crop,
I.S37,
Wheat
1,115.
same year, 10,792 bushels.
tude and breadth aforesaid, to the
South Sea."
In 1635, they appointed Mr. John Winthrop, a son
of the governor of Massachusetts,
to build a fort on Connecticut river,
and appointed him governor for one
year.
In the
Saugatuck. River^ Ct.
summer
of 1639, Colonel
George Fenwick,one of the patentees, arrived from England, and in
See Westport.
honor of Lord Say and Seal, and
Saugus, Mass.
Lord Brook, gave the tract about
Essex CO. Saugus was taken from the mouth of Connecticut river, the
Lynn in 1815, and derives its name name of Saybrook. Colonel Fenfrom the Indian name of the river wick superintended the affairs of the
That colony until 1644, when, his associwhich passes through it.
river is exceedingly crooked in its ates having relinquished the design
course, and forms large tracts of of removal to America, sold tiie jumeadow. The uplands are uneven risdiction of Saybrook to the ConIt lies 10 miles S. W.
and rocky.
necticut colony.
from Salem, and 9 N. by E. from
The original limits of the town
Population, 1837, 1,123.
Boston.
extended upon the east side of the
The value of the manufactures river for several miles, and included
of Saugus, the year ending April 1, a part of the town of Lyme.
Tlfe
They township now comprises three par1837, was about $200,000.
consisted of shoes, (.$150,000) choco- ishes, viz
Saybrook, Westbrook,
late, morocco leather, snuff, cigars,
and Essex. Saybrook parish is the
:
wool cleaning, and
woolen dyeing.
bricks,
silk
and
Savoy, Mass.
Berkshire co. Savoy is an elevatownship, and gives rise to
branches of Deerfield and Hoosack
rivers.
The land is generally good,
and pastures a considerable number
of sheep.
It lies 125 miles W. N.
W. from Boston, and 20 N. N. E.
Incorporated, 1797.
from Lenox.
Population, 1837, 917.
ted
and tracts of rich
Middlesex co.
This is one of
the most ancient towns in the state.
Lord Say and Seal, Lord Brook and
other gentlemen in England, dissatisfied with the govej-nment of
Charles I., contemplating a removal
to this country, procured, in 1632,
of Robert, Earl of Warwick, a paall
the country "
which
lies
west from Narraganset river, a
hundred and twenty miles on the
sea coast; and from thence in lati-
32*
There are,
uneven and stony.
however, some extensive levels,
soil,
in the vicinity of
Saybroolc, Ct.
tent of
southeast section of the town.
The
Indian name for this place was Pattaqnasset.
West of this is Westbrook parish, which w^as called by
its Indian name Pochaiig, until OcNorth of these two
tober, 1810.
parishes is Pautapoug or Essex.
Saybrook is upwards of 7 miles
in length from north to south, and
averages more than 6 in breadth.
The greater part of the township is
Saybrook village,
particularly
southern part of the town.
of the hills, near Connecticut
river, have good granite quarries.
There are several small harbors on
the Sound, and on Connecticut river, at Saybrook point and Pautapoug. The bar at the mouth of the
in the
Some
Connecticut
is
an impediment
to
vessels of a moderate
draught are often obliged to pass it
The
with part of their cargoes.
depth of water at the bar, at spring
navigation;
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
Sayabout twelve feet.
brook harbor is at the mouth of a
handsome cove, making up from
Connecticut river, and extending
west almost to Saybrook village. It
is often resorted to by coasters in bad
To this place the river
weather.
is open through the winter, and it is
here that vessels are frequently
laid up, and goods deposited, while
the river is frozen over above.
Large quantities of fish are taken
in this town.
The shad fisheries
are numerous, and a source of conConnecticut rivsiderable wealth.
er shad are considered superior to
White
any other in this country.
fish are taken upon the shores of
the Sound, and are very valuable
They
for the purposes of manure.
tides, is
are afforded at a cheap rate ; the
lightest soils, enriched by them,
have produced forty bushels of rye
to the acre, and they have an equally advantageous effect upon the
growth of corn and potatoes.
Saybrook village is 40 miles S.
S. E.
New
from Hartford, 34 E. from
\V. from New
Haven, and 18
London.
Population, 1830, 5,018.
Besides the business in navigation, the fishery, ship building and
quarrying of stone, there are many
manufacturing establishments in
the several villages in this town.
Among the articles manufactured,
are augers, gimlets, hammers, steel
carriage springs, ivory and iron
combs, ink stands, sand boxes, &,c.
The Borough of Essex is about
7 miles from the mouth of Connecticut river, on the west side.
It is
a place of considerable commerce,
navigation and ship building, with
a population of about 1,000.
Ship building was commenced in
1740, on the Pochaug, and is still
a leading branch of business in the
place.
There are at present about
15 vessels owned here, principally
coasters.
It is estimated that there
are 1,200 inhabitants in its limits.
Saybrook point is a peninsula,
circular in its form, and connected
with the main land by a narrow
neck, over which the tide sometimes flows.
From this place to
the fort, on the eastern extremity
of the peninsula, the distance is
about one mile.
On the neck, a
palisado was anciently formed from
the river to the cove, to secure Saybrook point from any sudden incurIndians.
The soil oa
is light and sandy,
elevation of the highest
sion of the
the
peninsula
and the
Being
is about twenty feet.
nearly destitute of trees and shrubbery, it presents to the beholder a
bleak and naked aspect.
The land on the point was laid
out with care, as it was expected to
part
become the residence
of great
men,
and the centre of great business
and wealth.
It is said that Oliver
Cromwell, with other men then
equally distinguished, actually em-
barked in the Thames, to occupy
this ground.
Westward of the fort
a square was laid out, on which it
was intended houses should be erected for Cromwell, Pymm, Hasselrig,
and Hampden, the most illustrious
Commoners in the English annals,
who were expected from Europe ;
while a square still further west
was reserved for public uses.
About half way between the
palisado was erected the first building
designed
scliool, since
for
the
collegiate
named Yale
College.
This institution was founded in 1700,
and remained at Saybrook 17 years.
The building was one story in height,
and about eighty feet in length.
Some remains of the cellar, " over
which the ploughshare has passed,"
are
still
Fifteen
visible.
com-
mencements were held at Saybrook.
More than sixty young men were
graduated, most
the ministry, and
came characters
usefulness and
educate young
of
whom
entered
some of them be-
of distinguished
To
excellence.
men of piety and
ministry, was the
the
leading design of this institution.
It was desired by the founders and
talents for
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
others, that
have
the
churches should
a public standard or confession
of faith, agreeable to which the instruction of the college should be
conducted.
This led to the adoption of the Sayhrook Platform,
after the commencement iu 170S.
David Gardiner, was the first
white child born in Connecticut.
The following was written upon a
blank leaf of an old bible, in possgssion of John G. Gardiner, Esqr.,
of Gardiner's Island, N. Y.
" In the ye-AY of our Lord, 1635,
the 10th of July, came I, Lion Gardiner and Mary my wife from Wor-
den, a town in Holland, where my
wife was born, being the daughter
of one Diricke Willemson deureant
her mother's name was Hachir,
and her aunt, sister of her mother,
was the wife of Wouter Leanerdson, old burger Muster, dwelling
in the hostrade, over against the
Bruser in the Unicorne's head ; her
brother's name was Punce GarretWe
son, also old burger Muster.
came from Worden to London, and
from thence to New England, and
dwelt at Saybrook fort four years
it is at the mouth of Connecticut
— of
which I was commander,
and there was boi-n unto me a son,
river
named David,
1635, the 29th of
born in that place,
and 1638 a daughter was born,
named Mary, SOth of August, and
then I went to an island oi^ my own,
which I had bought and purchased
April, the
first
of the Indians, called by them Monchonack, by us Isle of "Wight, and
there was born another daughter,
named Elizabeth, the 14th September, 1641, she being the first child
of English parents that was born
there."
Saybrook is a very pleasant town,
and full of interesting associations.
S&xtou's River, Vt.,
Is formed in Grafton, Windham
county, traverses an eastern course
about 10 miles, and falls into the
Connecticut at Rockingham.
It
an excellent mill stream, and
derived its name from a Mr. Saxton, who was drowned near its
is
mouth.
Scantic River, Ct«
See East Windsor.
Scarborougli, Me.
Cumberland co. This town lies
105 miles N. E. from Boston, and
W. from Augusta. It con30,634 acres of land, and a
population of 2,244.
part of this town, called Black
point, lying upon the sea, was
granted by the council of Plymouth to Thomas Cammock, in 1631
this was soon after settled, and became of considerable importance on
the coast in the fisheries and trade.
The land is held under that ancient
grant at the present day. Another
settlement was early made by a
family of Algers, from England,
near the centre of the town, and
60 S.
tains
A
Duastan corner, which name
This was wholly debears.
stroyed in the Indian war of 1675.
It was, however, revived by a de-
called
it still
scendant in the female line, through
whom that race is still perpetuated.
Scarborough is principally an agricultural town, for which purpose
it furnishes some rich soil, and has
a large quantity of salt marsh.
Ship building, however, continues
to be pursued here, although not to
Nouthe extent it formerly was.
suck river passes through the whole
Its present
length of the town.
name was given to it in 1658, when
it submitted to the government of
JNIassachusetts ; previously the eastern side of the river and Marsh
was called Black point, and the
western. Blue point, names which
are still in familiar use.
This town has the honor of being
the birth place of the distinguished
statesman Rufus King, and his
King,
half brother,
the first governor of Maine.
William
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
Sclioodic IJakes, Me.
These are large collections of
water, of very irregular form, united together, by boatable passages,
lying principally in Washington
county, but extending west into the
Their outcounty of Penobscot.
let is by a large stream of the same
name, into the river Saint Croix,
on the west side, of about 9 miles
These lakes cover a
in length.
large surface, they are navigable for large boats, and their borders, and indeed the whole country
around them, are densely wooded.
Vast quantities of timber and lumber descend from these watei-s to the
St. Andrews, Eastport and Lubec
markets, on the Passamaquoddy.
Scitiiate,
Plymouth
North
This town, the
co.
Indian Satuit,
Mass.
lies at
the
mouth
of
Massachusetts bay,
and has a convenient harbor,defended by rocky clifts, and Ceader
Point, on which is a Light house.
The JVorth River rises near the
sources of the Taunton.
It passes
Pembroke, Hanover and Marshthe tide water
field, and meets
here. Tliis river is very deep, narrow and crooked, and is noted for
the fine ships built on its banks.
The manufactures of Scituate conriver, in
of leather, boots, shoes, tacks,
vessels, &.c.
The value of vessels
annually built is about $40,000.
Scituate is 17 miles S. E. by S*
from Boston and 20 N. W. by N.
from Plymouth. First settled, 1633,
Population,
Incorporated,
1637.
1830, 3,470 1837, 3,754.
The first settled minister in this
town was the Rev. Charles
;
Chaujvcy.
He remained here
twelve years previous to his becoming the second president of Harvard College.
Rev. Thomas Clapp, president
of Yale College, was born in this
He graduated at
town, in 1703.
Harvard College in 1722, and died
in 1767.
Scituate, R.
Providence co. This town was
of Providence until 1731,
a part
when it was incorporated. It lies
12 miles W. by S. from Providence,
and, in 1830, had 3,394 inhabitants.
The surface of the town is diversiin the
fied by hills and valleys
north part of the town the soil is a
gravelly loam, better adapted to
Pawtuxet
grazing than tillage.
river with several of its branches
give Scituate a good water power,
and large manufactories, particularly of cotton and wool are found on
There is a valuable
their banks.
quarry of free-stone in the western
part of the town.
:
gealbrook) N. H.j
sist
These vessels are of superior mechanism, and are built of native
white oak, remarkable for its durability.
sels
There are
belonging
a
number
to this
of ves-
town employ-
in the merchant service and
coasting trade.
During the year
ending April 1, 1837, Scituate had
22 vessels engaged in the fishery
they took 6,500 barrels of mackerel, valued at $46,000.
The town extends back from the
bay a considerable distance it contains large tracts of salt meadow and
some valuable upland.
ed
:
;
1.
Rockingham
co., is situated at the
E. corner of the state, 17 miles
S. S. W. from Portsmouth, and 7
S.
N. from Newburyport, bounded N.
by Hampton Falls, E. by the Atlantic, 3. by Massachusetts, W. by
South Hampton and Kensington. It
was formerly a part of Hampton
Falls, and was granted, 1768, to Jonathan Weare and others. Settlements
commenced here in 1638. The rivers are Black,
Many
Brown's and Walton's
of the rivulets abound
This town
with bog ore of iron.
derives its name from the number
of rivers and rivulets meandering
through it. Whale-boat building is
rivers.
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
most important manufacture,
and is carried on to a greater extent
than in any other town in New EngThe larger part of the male
land.
inhabitants are mechanics and seamen. Perhaps no town in the state
is better situated for carrying on
the Bay and Labrador fisheries than
Seliago,
the
this.
Population, in 1S30, 1,096.
geaconuet Rocks, R.
Searsburgli, Vt.
Searsburgh is
Bennington co.
too elevated on the Green Mounpopulation, or wool growing. It has 40 inIt is 11
habitants, and 41 sheep.
miles E. from Bennington.
tains either for cultivation,
Searsmont, Me«
Waldo
Searsmonthas a good
CO.
and some beautiful ponds. It
is a pleasant and flourishing town,
30 miles E. from Augusta, and 12
Population,
S. W. from Belfast.
soil,
Wheat crop, same
1837, 1,392.
year, 2,792 bushels.
Me.
This town was incorporated in 1838, and comprises a
part of the island and town of
Mount Desert, and Bartlett's, Robinson's, Hardwood and other smaller islands on the coast.
Hancock
co.
Sebago
Cumberland
Ijake,
Me.
This is a beauful sheet of water, about 12 miles in
length, and of various breadths. The
widest part is across from Baldwin
It reto Raymond, about 7 miles.
ceives the waters of Long and several other ponds, and of Crooked
river, at and from the north. It discharges into Casco bay, at Falmouth, by the Presumpscot. The
Cumberland and Oxford canal, completed in 1829, passes from this lake
to Portland, and is the channel of
co.
considerable inland trade.
Cumberland co. This town lies
between Sebago lake and Hancock
pond, and was taken from Baldwin
in 1S26.
It lies 87 miles S. W. by
W. from Augusta, and 30 N. W.
from Portland.
It has a good soil
and is watered by small streams.
Population, 1837, 646.
I.,
Or Point. See Little Compion.
Seaville,
Me.
Sebasticook Ri-rer, Me.
This valuable mill stream rises
in Sangerville, Dover and Dexter,
on the border of Penobscot and
Piscataquis counties; it passes S.
E. and S. through Ripley, Harmo-
ny, Hartland and Palmyra to Chandlerville it then runsS. W. through
Burnham and falls into the Kennebec between Clinton and Winslow,
opposite to Waterville. This stream
receives several tributaries ; it is
about 50 miles in length; it has num.erous falls and passes through a
delightful country.
;
Sebec, Me.
Sebec is a townPiscataquis co.
ship of good soil, and is well watered by
Sebec
Sebec Pond and
river,
outlet,
into the
its
which empties
Piscataquis, on the north side, in
This town lies
the town of Milo.
87 miles N. N. E. from Augusta,
Inand 9 N. N. E. from Dover.
corporated, 1812. Population, 1837,
987. Wheat crop, same year, 7,650
bushels.
Sebec Pond lies in the towns of
Sebec, Foxcroft and Bowerbank it
about 10 miles long, and about a
mile average breadth.
Its outlet is
a good mill stream of about 10 miles
in length.
The country around
these waters is fertile and heavily
timbered, and the scenery pictui*esque and beautiful.
:
is
Seboois Ijakes
and River, Me.
SeJboois Lakes are connected
sheets of water, of irregular form,
of about 15 miles in length, varying
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
width from half a mile to a mile
They lay near the
and a half.
Aroostook and constitute the head
waters of the eastern branch of PeSeboois River is
nobscot river.
their outlet. See Penobscot River.
eastern direction, about 35 miles,
afTording mill privileges to the towns
of Kingfield and
Portland,
in
New
and mingles with the Kennebec at
Anson, 40 miles N. E. from Augusta.
Seymour Lake,
Sedgwick, Me.
Hancock
Sedgwick
on
the west side of Blue Hill bay, 87
miles E. from Augusta, and about
25 S. by W, from Ellsworth. Incorporated, 1789. Population, 1837,
This town has good harbors
1,784.
and enjoys great privileges for navco.
Bennington co. This town lies
between the Battenkill and Walloomsac, and gives
some
;
Seekoulc, Mass.
watered
by Seekonk, or Pawtucket river,
also by Ten mile river, a good mill
SliapleigSi,
stream.
It lies 41 miles S. from
Boston, 4 E. by N, from Providence, R. I., and 14 S. W. from
Me.
York CO. Between Shapleigh and
Acton are some pleasant ponds, the
source of Mousum river which empties into the sea at Kennebunk.
A
bed of rich bog iron ore has recent-
Taunton. It was taken from Rehoboth in 1812. Population, 1837,
2,016. There are three cotton mills
in the town, which constitute the
principal manufactures; the annual value of which is about ^80,000.
ly
been discovered
in
the town,
which promises great usefulness.
The surface of the town is generand the soil favorable for
the growth of wool, grass, wheat
Here are iron
and other grain.
works and other manufactures.
Shapleigh was incorporated, 1785.
ally level,
Seven Mile Bi^ook, Me.
;
those rivers
Populafion, 1830, 2,143.
Among
the first settlers was the Hon. Jonas Galusha, late governor of
the state.
He was a captain in the
militia in 1777, and commanded a
company of the " Green mountain
boys," at the battle of Bennington.
Although the surface of Shaftsbury is elevated, the soil is generally of an excellent quality it feeds
12,000 sheep, and its products of
beef cattle and of the dairy are
considerable.
There are valuable
beds of iron ore in the town, pine
timber and quarries of beautiful
marble.
It has a number of manufacturing concerns on its small
streams, a pleasant village and a
school fund of $10,000,
New
This stream rises by several
branches in the counties of Somerset and Franklin it runs in a south-
to
West mountain
in this town and Arlington.
Shaftsbury lies 97 miles S. S. W.
from Montpelier, and 8 N. from
First settled, 1763.
Bennington.
business.
The soil of the town is
not so productive as that more distant from the sea, still it is abundantly able to supply its own people
with bread stuffs and all the varieties of fruits and vegetables comEngland climate.
mon to a
This town was named in honor
of Theodore Sedgwick, an eminent statesman and jurist, a senator
to Congress, and for many years a
judge of the supreme court of Massachusetts.
He died at Boston in
1813, aged QG, highly valued by his
friends and country.
is
tributaries.
lies
ing trade and fishery, and ship
building is an important branch of
This town
Vt.
Sliaftslt>ury,
igation.
A number of vessels are
owned here employed in the coast-
Bristol CO.
"Vt.
See Charleston.
lies
|
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
Population, 1837, 1,517.
It is 103
miles S. W. trom Augusta, and 6
N. W. from Alfred.
Sliarou, N. H.,
Hillsborough co., is bounded N. by
Peterborough, E. by Temple, S. by
New Ipswich and Rindge, and W.
by JafFrey.
It is
18 miles
W. by
S.
and 24 N. by E. from Providence,
R. I. Population, 1837, 1,093.
Sliaron, Ct.
Litchfield co.
Sharon lies on the
west side of Housatonick river,
opposite to Cornwall.
The eastern
part of the town is elevated, mountainous, and stony, but is suited for
grazing: the western part, which
borders on the state of
York,
is a fertile tract of undulating land,
and very productive of all sorts of
grain.
Agriculture is the chief
business of the inhabitants they
from Amherst, and 48 S. S.W. from
Concord. The streams in Sharon are
New
small branches of Contoocook river, and rise near the S. E. corner of
the town.
Boundary mountain lies
on the line between this town and
Temple, and has an elevation of provide for about 10,000 sheep.
200 feet above the surrounding Population 1830, 2,615.
country.
Sharon was first settled in 1739.
Sharon was incorporated,
:
1791.
Population, in 1830, 271.
co.
White
village
on one
Sliaroii, Vt.
Windsor
The
river passes
through Sharon and affords it an
abundant water power. Here are
mills for the manufacture of woolen goods, paper and other articles.
It contains a handsome and flourishing village.
The surface of the
is broken, but the soil is warm
and productive.
It keeps about
5,000 sheep.
Sharon was first settled in 1763.
Population, 1330,
It lies 22 miles N. from
1,459.
Windsor, and 34 S, by E. from
town
Montpelier.
Sliarou, Mass.
CO.
Mashapoag pond in
town is one of the sources of
Neponset i-iver. Sharon has a good
water power one woolen and two
cotton mill^^.
There are also man-
Norfolk
this
;
ufactures of axes, bed-steads, straw
bonnets, leather, boots, shoes, wool
cards, machinery, joiners' gages,
&c. annual value, about .$75,000.
Sharon is a very pleasant town the
scenery around Mashapoag, the Indian name of the place, i-> highly
pleasing.
There is good fishing in
this pond. This town was incorporated, in 1765.
It is 18 miles S. S.
W. from Boston, 8 S. from Dedham,
:
;
is
situated principally
on the eastern side of
a beautiful valley, IG miles W. N.
W. from Litchfield, and 47 W. by
N. from Hartford. There is a beautiful village called " Hitchcock's
Corner," partly in Sharon and partstreet,
ly in the state of
New
York
:
this
situated in a beautiful valley,
and rich in agricultural resources.
" Considerable numbers of the
Indians resided in the western and
northwestern parts of the town,
v/hich are watered by two large
ponds, and by the Ten Mile river,
which touches the western borders of the town.
Their principal
village was on the east side of the
Indian j)ond, so called, which is a
body of water lying partly in the
state of
York, and partly in
Connecticut.
On a romantic and
beautiful plain, lying between this
pond on the v/est, and the Indian
Mountain, on the east, was a numerous village, where the natives
continued to reside for many years
after the whites came into the town.
This tribe was visited by the Moravian missionaries, and one of them
He
died and was buried there.
died in 1749, and a plain stone was
placed over his grave, with the following inscription
" David Bruce of Edinburgh in
also
is
New
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
Scotland, Minister of The Brethren's Church among the Indians.
Depart'd 1749."
This town took an active part in
favor of the liberties of the country-
" The approach of a large British
array from Canada, under General
Burgoyne, and the expedition up
the North River, under General
Vaughan, in 1777, filled the whole
country with terror and despondency, and created strong fears and
doubts as to the issue of the controversy
the firmness and confidence of Parson Smith, however,
remained unbroken, and his efforts
to revive the drooping spirits of his
Dcople were unremitted.
In the
jnonth of October, he preached a
sermon from these words " Watch:
:
man, what of the
Watchman
eth."
night.'
The
morning Comdiscourse he dwelt
saith, the
In this
much upon
the indications, which
the dealings of Providence afforded, that a bright and glorious morn-
ing was about to dawn upon a long
night of defeat and disaster. He
told the congregation, that he believed they would soon hear of a
crowning the arms of
and he exhorted them to
trust with an unshaken and fearless
confidence in that God, who, he
believed, would yet crown with
success the efforts of the friends of
liberty in this country.
Before the
congregation was dismissed, a messenger arrived, with the intelligence of the surrender of Burgoyne's army. Par'on Smith read
the letter, conveying the intelligence, from the pulpit, and a flood
of joy and gratitude burst from the
congregation."
signal victory
America
;
SliaAvsJh.eeu
River, MasSt
This river rises in Lexington and
It passes Billerica, Wilmington and Tukesbury, and falls
Bedford.
into the
Merrimack,
20 miles N. by
W.
at
Andover,
from Boston.
Slieepscot River
and Bay, Me.
The head waters
of this river
are derived from ponds in Palermo.
Its course is south through the towns
of Whitefield and Alna.
It meets
the tide water between Wiscasset
and
Castle, and proceeds to a
bay of the same name. The length
of the river from its source to the
bay is about 35 miles.
This river
is valuable on
account of its hydraulic power and navigable facili-
New
ties.
Shecpscot Bay sets up from the
sea between Boothbay and Georgetown, and receives the waters of
the river.
It is about 3 miles wide
at its mouth, and extends about 10
miles north.
The whole of these
waters are often called " Sheepscot
River."
The mouth of this bay
or river bears about N. E., 6 miles,
from Seguin Light, at the mouth
of Kennebec river.
Slieliielcl,
Vt.
Caledonia co.
This town is 35
miles N. E. from Montpelier, and
16 N. from Danville.
First settled,
1792.
Population, 1830, 720.
This town lies on the height of
land between Connecticut river
and Memphremagog lake. Branches of Passurapsic and Barton rivers
both rise here.
It is watered by
several ponds.
The lands are generally broken and not very productive.
SlieiSeld, Mass.
Berkshire co.
This
is
a
very
pleasant town, on both sides of the
Housatonick. The river meanders
circuitously and slowly through the
town, and forms large tracts of rich
In large freshalluvial meadow.
ets the river overflows its banks to
a great extent, and forms the appearance of a large lake. The village is neat; situated in a beautiful valley, surrounded by hills, one
of which is 3,000 feet in height,
and presents a great variety of de-
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER
lightful scenery.
ufactures in the
There are mantown of leather,
hats, ploughs, and spirits, but the
principal business of the people is
In 1837, there were
agricultural.
6,892 sheep sheared in the town
:
the value of the wool amounted to
Marble andiron ore are
$11,372.
abundant.
is the oldest town in the
was incorporated in 1733.
Sheffield
county
It lies
20
S.
:
it
140 miles S. W. from Boston,
from Lenox, and 28 E. from
Hudson, N. Y.
Population, 1837,
2,308.
Slieltouriie,
war by men of those names. During the war these settlements were
abandoned, but re-established at its
Shelburn is finely watered
Piatt river, a pond covering 600
acres, and by the waters of the lake.
Shelburn Bay sets into the township about 4 miles from the N. W.,
and affords the town a good harbor,
and a depot of the interior trade on
The soil
the beautiful Champlain.
of the town is strong, fertile, and
close.
by
generally w^ell improved. About
10,000 sheep are within its limits.
Sliellbiime, Mass.
N. H.
Androscoggin river
passes through the centre of this
town, into which fall the waters
of Rattle river and some smaller
streams.
The soil on each bank of
the river is very good, producing
but
in abundance grain and grass
Coos
settled previous to the revolutionary-
Franklin
CO.
:
the
N.
co.
This town
side of Deerfield
lies
on
river op-
Conway.
It is 100 miles
from Boston, and 5 W.
from Greenfield. Population, 1837,
posite to
W. by N.
1,018.
Deertown a dis-
Incorporated, 1768.
field river falls
in this
we rise from the river, the tracts
are mountainous and unfit for cultivation.
Mount Moriah, an elevated peak
of the White Mountains, lies in the
Moses'
Shelburne.
S. part of
Rock, so called from the first man
palm-leaf
boots, shoes, scythes,
annual value about
hats, &c.
$40,000. The soil of the town is
known
generally of a good quality
as
to
have ascended
it,
(Moses
Ingalls) is on the south side of the
river, near the centre of the town.
It is about 60 feet high and 90 long,
very smooth, and rising in an angle
In 1778, David and
of nearly 50°.
Benjamin Ingalls commenced a settlement at Shelburne, and not long
afterwards, several families were
In August, 1781, a party
added.
of Indians visited this town, killed
one man, made another prisoner,
plundered the houses, and returned
to Canada in savage triumph. This
town was incorporated in 1820.
Population, 1830, 312.
Slielbrirn, Vt.
Chittenden
of
co.
On
the east side
Lake Champlain,33 miles W. by
N. from Montpelier, and 7 S. from
Burlington. Population, 1830, 1,123.
Logan's and Potter's points were
33
tance of 20 feet, and produces a valuable water power.
The manufactures of the town
consist of
woolen
goods, leather,
:
siderable wool
is
;
con-
grown, and some
and products of the dairy are
sent to market. More than common
attention is paid to mental culture.
This is a pleasant and flourishing
town the scenery about the falls
cattle
:
is
very handsome.
Slieldon, Vt.
Franklin co.
The
first
settle-
ments commenced here in 1790, by
Elisha and Samuel B. Sheldon, from
This is a
Salisbury, Connecticut.
good township of land, productive
of wool, grain, and other northern
commodities. The river Missisque
passes through the town, and Black
creek, a branch of that river, gives
Sheldon an ample water power.
The village is a thriving place, both
It
in its manufactures and trade.
lies 46 miles N. W. from Montpe-
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
32 N. by E. from Burlington,
and 10 N. N. E. from St. Albans.
lier,
Population, 1S30, 1,427.
A
of grass and grain.
branch of the Housatonick waters
Iron ore is fourwl here.
the town.
ductive
Sliepaii^ River, Ct.
Slietvicket River, Ct.
This river rises in Goshen, in the
it receives
county of Litchfield
several branches, and passes south,
through the towns of Washington
and Roxbury, and falls into the
Housatonick at Southbury. This is
a good mill stream, in some parts
rapid, in others gentle and fertiliz-
This fine mill stream receives its
head waters by several branches in
the counties of Windham and Tolland.
It passes between Lisbon
and Franklin and uniting with the
ing.
mantic.
;
Quinnebaug at Norwich, flows inIts principal branto the Thames.
ches are the Natchaug and Willi-
Slierlmrne, Vt.
Rutland
co,
Sliirley,
Killington Peak,
3,924 feet in height, several ponds,
and Thundering brook, with a handsome fall, lie in this town. Queechy
river rises in this town, and along
its banks is some good land; but the
lands are generally too elevated
even for pasturage. Sherburne was
It lies 22 miles
first settled in 1735.
N. W. from Windsor, and 10 E. from
Rutland. Population, 1830, 452.
SlicrljiiriiCj
Middlesex
co.
Mass.
This town
is
vva-
tered by Charles and Sudbury rivers.
It is IS miles S. W. by W.
from Boston, and 15 S. from ConPopulation, 1837, 1,037. Incord.
The soil of Shercorporated, 1674.
burne is very good and productive.
The village is on elevated land ; it
is pleasant,and commands good prospects.
The manufactures of the
town consist of straw bonnets, boots,
shoes, leather, axes, forks, ploughs,
muskets and whips annual value,
:
about $60,000.
Slievmaii, Ct.
Fairfield co.
Sherman was
merly the north part of
field, and
for-
New Fair-
incorporated in 1802. Pop947.
It is 60 miles S.
W. from Hartford, 13 N. from Danbury, and bounded W. by the state
There is a variety
of New York.
of soils in the town, but they are
generally strong, warm, and proulation,
IHW,
Me.
Piscataquis CO. This town was incorporated in 1834.
It was formerly No. 3 in the 4th range of the
Bingham Purchase.
It is
watered
by the higher branches of Piscataquis river, and lies about 76 miles
N. by E. from Augusta. Population, 1837, 213.
Siiirley,
Mass.
This is a very
pleasant agricultural and manufacturing town, 32 miles N. W. from
Boston, 16 N. W. from Concord,
and IS S. W. from Lowell. There
are some elevations in the town, but
of warm and fertile soil. There are
Middlesex
co.
large tracts of intervale land along
the streams, which are very fertile
and valuable.
Shirley is separated from Groton by
Nashua
river,
and from Pepperell
the Squanicook, a branch of the
Nashua. These streams afford Shirley a fine water power, which renders it an excellent location for manThere
ufacturing establishments.
are 1 woolen and 3 cotton mills in the
town, and manufactures of boots,
shoes, paper, leather, palm-leaf hats,
&c. Annual value, about $125,Population, 1837, 967.
000.
b\'
Slioreliain, "Vt.
This town lies on
Lake Champlain,
and is watered by Lemonfair river,
a o-ood mill stream.
It is 12 miles
Addison
co.
the east side of
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
S.
W. from Middlebury, and 26 N.
from Whitehall, N. Y. The lake
Popuhere is about a mile wide.
consist of clothing, guns, hats,
chairs, straw bonnets, leather, boots,
shoes, &c: the value of which, dur-
lation, 1830, 2,137, The surface of
the town is level and the soil remarkably good. This is one of the
best farming towns in the state. In
1837, there was 26,534 sheep in
ing the year ending April 1, 1837,
was $211,287. The town was incorporated, 1727. Population, 1830,
1,386; 1837, 1,507.
Levi Pease, the father of mail
stages in this country, was a native
of this town. He died here in 1824,
Shoreham. There are some manufactures in the town, and a pleasant
and flourishing village on the banks
of the lake.
Most of the waters
here are impregnated with Epsom
salts.
See Bridport.
Shoreham
was
first
settled
in
1766, by a number of persons who
adopted the plan of holding all things
This mode of holding
in common.
property was, however, relinquished about the time of the revolutionary war.
Shrewsbury, Vt.
Rutland co. This town lies 22
miles W. from Windsor and 9 S.
Population, in
E. from Rutland.
This is a mountainous
1830,1,289.
township, having Shrewsbury Peak
within its limits, a summit 4,034 feet
above the sea. Mill and Cold rivers and Peal's and Ashley's Ponds
water the town, and fall into Otter
There is some good land
mountain town, and between
three and four thousand sheep graze
on its surface.
Creek.
in this
SlireAVslbiiry,
Worcester
co.
Mass.
This
is
an agri-
cultural town of a pleasing variety
of surface, and good soil, 36 miles
W. by S. from Boston and 6 E. from
Worcester. Quinsigamond or Long
Pond lies principally in this town.
It is nearly four miles in length and
from 40 to 250 rods in width. It
empties into the Blackstone river
and canal, and produces a considerable hydraulic power.
floating
bridge crosses this pond for the accommodation of the Worcester turnpike, 525 feet in length, built in
1818, and cost $6,000.
The manufactures of Shrewsbury
A
Mr. Pease was a man of
great enterprise
he projected the
first turnpike road in
England,
and to his zeal and sacrifices the
public is more indebted than to any
other man for its excellent mail establishment.
At the time Mr.
Pease started his first line of mail
stages between Boston and
York, in 1784, the mail betv.'een
those places passed only once a fortnight, on horseback, in a pair of
saddlebags.
aged SG.
;
New
New
Sliutesbury, Mass.
This town is on high land, 10
miles E. from Connecticut river, 9
N. by E. from Amherst, 16 S. S.E.
from Greenfield, and 78 W. by N.
from Boston.
Incorporated, 1761.
Population, 1837,816. Copper ore,
and soapstone, are found here. On
Swift river are three shingle mills
and a wheel factory. There is a
mineral spring of some note in this
town, containing, in solution, iron,
sulphur, &c.
There is also a pond,
covering about 700 acres, with an
abundance of fine fish.
Ephraim Pratt lived in this town
many years, and died here in 1804,
aged 116 years. He married at
the age of 21, and could count 1,500
descendants.
He was a very temperate man, so much so that for 40
years he took no animal food.
He
was a farmer, and his health was so
uniformly good that he was able to
mow a good swath 101 years in succession.
He was born at Sudbury,
1687.
Siduey, Me.
Kennebec
co.
Sidnev
is
vprv
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
pleasantly situated on the west side
of Kennebec river, and watered by
a large and beautiful pond lying in
town and Belgrade. It is
bounded N. by Waterville, and is
12 miles N. from Augusta.
Incorthis
porated, 1792.
2,346.
Wheat
6,569 bushels.
Population,
crop,
1837,
same year,
Hartford co.
direction.
The
of
of
territory
town was formerly
a part
:
1830,2,221.
Tariffville, a flourishing village,
situated at the northeastern ex-
tremity of this town, on the west
bank of the Farmington river,which
at this place passes south, at the
base of a range of mountains, which
divides this part of the State from
the great valley of Connecticut
river.
This place is a carpet manufacturing village, owned principally by a company called the " New
England Carpet Company ;" they
employ 175 hands, and manufacture
yearly about 132,000 yards of carpeting.
This flourishing village is
between three and four miles south
of Simsbury mines, in Granby,near
the New Haven and Northampton
canal, and 12 miles N.W. from Hart-
local
situation of
admirable
This is the most northern and
eastern branch of the Matawamkeag.
Skootum
Tiake, Hie*
sheet of water of considerable
the outlet of which passes
through Kilmarnock.
water
fertility of
low Norridgewock and 33 N. from
Augusta. Population, 1830,1,006;
1837, 1,433.
Slaterville,
R.
I.
We regret to state that no account of the manufactures of this
interesting manufacturing village
has been received. See Smithfield.
Small, Cape, Me.
The
eastern boundary of Casco
Bay.
Smitkiield, R.
Skitticook River, Me.
A
its
the adjacent country, united with the enterprise of its inhabitants, has rendered the place, but recently a wilderness, one of the best cultivated
townships in the state, the site of
a great number of mills, and a mart
of an extensive trade. There is much
delightful scenery about Skowhegan : the village is neatly built, and
its beauty is much enhanced by the
whiteness of the houses contrasted
with the blue and green of the rivBetween Skower and its banks.
hegan and Bloomfield is a small island in the river. Across this island are noble bridges uniting the
towns. This place lies 5 miles be-
ford.
size,
The
power, and the
Windsor: its Indian name was Jl/assacoe, and was incorporated in 1670.
The surface of the town is greatly
diversified by hills and valleys
a
range of mountains pass through
the town, and there is some level
and good land within its limits
on Farmington river. Population,
is
:
Skowhegan,
Sims'biivy, Ct.
this
Skowliegan, Me.
Somerset co. This town was formerly called Milburn
it took the
Indian name of the place in 1836.
It is situated on the N. side of Kennebec river, at Skowhegan Falls.
The river runs here in an eastern
T.
Providence co.
This is a large
town, containing an area of about
10 by 6 miles, and a great variety
of surface and soil.
Smithfield has generally an undulating surface, presenting an
agreeable diversity of moderate eminences and gentle declivities; but
some sections it
rough and broken.
in
is
considerably
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
The manufacture of lime is an
important and extensive business,
and affords employment to a great
number
of persons.
There is also
a quarry of white stone at what is
called Woonsocket hill, that sustains heat remarkably well, which
renders
hearths.
it
very valuable for furnace
About two miles distant
from this, there is a quarry, containing excellent whetstones, for edge
tools.
steep descent of its shores.
Cases have occurred, of persons
being drowned in attempting to
water their horses at this pond.
There is a remarkable fall of water upon the Blackstone river, called Woonsocket falls, which is con-
the
sidered as quite a curiosity.
The
fall is aboiit 20 feet, not perpendicular, but over a precipice of r^cKS
for some distance.
The fall of the
water upon these rocks through a
succession of ages, has occasioned
numerous excavations, all of which
are smooth and circular, and some
of them very large, being sufficient
to contain several hogsheads.
The beautiful village of Woonsocket is situated at these falls, on
the line of Cumberland ; the river
dividing the towns, and the village
The soil is a gravelly and sandy
loam, with some sections of a calcareous loam.
It is generally rich
and fertile, although in some places
it has been reduced by an exhausting system of cultivation.
There
are, however, some low and marshy
tracts, which are generally appropriated to mowing, and afford good
crops of grass.
Tlie agricultural into nearly equal parts.
In this
productions consist of the various village are 15 cotton and 2 satinet
articles common to the climate
factories, a large furnace, machine
Indian corn, rye, wheat, barley, shops, sash factory, &c. The Blackoats, potatoes,
flax, beef, pork,
stone canal passes through this
butter, cheese, apples, cider and village, and it is in contemplation
hay.
to construct a rail road to meet the
The waters of the town consist Boston and Providence rail road,
of the Blackstone, which washes either at Providence or at Dedham,
its northeastern border, and a branch
Mass.
This village is indeed a
of this river, nearly of equal size, beautiful place, and exceedingly
which intersects the town, dis- flourishing. It is 14 miles N. N.
charging its waters into the former, W. from Providence.
in the northern section of the town.
Slaterville is another beautiful
After the union of these streams, village in this town, on Branch
the Blackstone is from one to two river, about 2 miles W. from Woonhundred feet in width. At some socket.
seasons of the year, it overflows its
Smithfield is a large manufacturbanks, and has been known to rise ing town, containing many other
from 15 to 20 feet above its usual pleasant villages, almost exclusiveheight.
Besides these, there are ly devoted to manufacturing ob- *
numerous small streams, some of jects. The centre of the town lies
which afford valuable sites for mills 9 miles N. W. from Providence.
and manufacturing establishments, Incorporated, 1730. Population, in
which are mostly occupied.
In 1830, 6,857.
the south part of the town, within
Smith's River, Jf. H.
about 4 miles from Providence,
Grafton co. This river rises from
there is a considerable body of waseveral ponds in Grafton and Orter, called Scots Pond.
It is nearly a mile in length, about half a ange, and after pursuing a winding,
mile in width, and of great depth. but generally an east course, of
What is remarkable in this pond, is from 12 to 18 miles, through Dan-
33*
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
bury and Alexandria, falls into the
Pemigewasset, between Bristol and
population, in
cent.
Hill.
The present county of Somerset
bounded N. by Lower Canada, E.
by Piscataquis and a part of Penobscot counties, S. by the counties of
Kennebec and Franklin, and W. by
Franklin county and Lower Canis
Solon, Me.
Somerset CO. Solon is a flourishing farming town, on the east side
of Kennebec river, opposite to
F-mbden.
It lies 44 miles N. by
W. Irom Augusta, and 18 N. fiom
Norridgewock.
Population, 1830,
Wheat crop,
768; 1837, 1,129.
The town is
1837, 6,567 bushels.
well watered by a pond and several
streams it has a pleasant village,
and some manufactures.
:
Somcrsj
Ct.
Tolland co.
This town lies 22
miles N. E. from Hartford, 10 N.
by W. from Tolland, and 12 S. E.
from Springfield, Mass.
tled, 1713.
It
seven years, 22 per
First set-
was incorporated by
Massachusetts in 1734, and named
in honor of Lord Somers, at the request of Governor Belcher.
Part of the town is level, and
productive of grass and grain, and
part is quite elevated, producing
good pasturage for sheep, and presenting delightful views of the valley of Connecticut river. It is wa-
tered by Scantic river.
Somei-s has a very neat village,
in which is a large establishment
for the manufacture of straw bonnets.
Population, 1830, 1,429.
Somerset County, Me.
J\rorridg€wock, chief town.
Previous to the formation of Piscataquis and Franklin counties, in
1838, for which purpose a considerable portion of Somerset was taken,
this county contained an area of
about 8,785 square miles.
Incorporated, 1809.
About one third of
this territory may be said to be setincorporated or granted, the
residue, a wilderness.
Its population, in 1820, was 21,787;
18.30,
tled,
33,588; 1837,40,963.
Population
to a square mile, 4 1-2.
Gain in
ada.
This county
is
watered by
many
ponds, some of the large tributaries of the Kennebec, and by the
upper waters of many other important rivers in Maine ; but its
chief river is the noble Kennebec,
which enters the county at its rise
from Moose Head lake, and passing
from that lake, which skirts the eastern boundary of the county, it traverses nearly in its centre about 75
miles.
This river serves, at present, as a great thoroughfare to the
ocean for an immense amount of
timber, lumber and wood, the lirst
fruits of the industry of pioneers to
a heavily timbered country ; and,
in after times, will serve for the
transportation of the productions of
a fertile soil to distant markets, and
of the wants of the inhabitants
from abroad.
The surface of this county is diversified by considerable elevations and extensive valleys, which
give it a varied and pleasing asWith the exception of the
pect.
mountain range, which skirts the
bounds of Canada, and the Bald
Mountain ridge, nearly in the centre of the county. Mount Bigelow
and Mount Abraham, on the border of Franklin count}^, are the
most lofty.
So far as the march of improvement has been made in this interior
and almost wilderness county, the
soil of the lands, generally, is found
to be fertile, as easy of cultivation,
and as productive of all the varieties of grasses, grains, vegetables and
fruits, as any portion of New England, with very few exceptions.
The more
interior portions of the
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
county, those watered by the upper branches of the Penobscot and
Walloomstook, now a wilderness,
In
are said to be the most fertile.
1S37, there were in the old county
of Somerset, 77,921 sheep ; and,
during that year, it produced 239,332 bushels of wheat, being the
largest quantity of that valuable
grain produced by any county in
Maine, and probably by any
county in New England.
bold enough to attempt the cultivation of its soil.
It is watered by
the upper blanches of Deerfield
river.
Population, 1830, 245.
Somerset stands 15 miles N. E.
from Bennington, and 14 W. from
Newfane. It would put the neighboring towns into a pretty pickle if
it should turn a Somerset.
Somerset, Mass.
Bristol CO.
This town is pleasantly situated on the northern side
of Taunton river, opposite to Fall
River, and is the proposed depot of
a rail road from Fall River to Providence, R. I.
It is 16 miles S. E.
from Providence, 13 S. from Taunton, and 45 S. from Boston.
Population, 1837, 1,063.
Incorporated,
1790.
There are some manufactures of
stone and earthern wares, but ship
building is the principal branch of
mechanics in the town.
This town was formerly a part of Dover. It was inStrafford co.
fall
river,
It is bounded
N. E. by Sal-
which divides
S.
V/.
it
from
by Do-
It is 11 miles N. by W. from
Portsmouth and 45 E. from Concord.
The White Mountains may be
ver.
steeples of the meeting
falls.
The
depth,
till
falls, for
river
of
is
sutiicient
within a mile of said
vessels of 250 tons.
The
town
is
bounded on
from its confluence
with the Piscataqua to the mouth
of Fresh creek, near a mile ; and
from thence by said creek to its
head, nearly a mile and a half.
There are but two ponds of note
in this town
Humphrey's pond on
the line of Dover, 200 rods long
and 120 rods wide
and Cole's
pond, 150 rods long and 75 wide.
Red and yellow ochre, also iron
ore, have been found in this town.
The ochre has been used in painting houses, and has been found to
make a durable paint.
At Great Falls, are extensive
manufactories, and a large and
river,
:
;
beautiful village.
This town was settled between
1650 and 1700, by William WentMany of the
worth and others.
first settlers were killed or taken
captive and carried to Canada. Ebenezer Downs, who was a quaker,
was taken by the Indians at Indigo
hill, in 1724, and carried to Canada.
He was grossly insulted and abused
by them, because he refused to
dance as the other prisoners did for
the diversion of their savage captors.
Somers'wortli, N. H.
Berwick, Me., and
the
Cocheco
Windham co. Mount Pisgah
and other elevations give to the surface of this township so rough and
drear an aspect, that but few are
mon
also
houses in Portsmouth, and the masts
of the shipping in the harbor.
The soil of this town is well
adapted to Indian corn, and almost
all kinds of grain and grass.
The
tide flows on the east side of this
town, four miles to Quamphegan
S. part of this
Somerset, Vt.
corporated in 1754.
N. W. by Rochester,
seen from the summit of Otis' hill;
Nicholas Pike, author of a
popular system of arithmetic, was
born in this town, October 6, 1743.
John Wentworth, son of the
Hon. .lohn Wentworth, was born in
and was
this town, July 14, 1745
graduated at Harvard college, 1768.
He entered on the study of the law,
When apand settled at Dover.
plication was made to him to put an
;
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
action in suit, it was his practice
to see the parties or to write to them,
stating the consequences of a legal
process, and advising them to settle their differences between themselves.
By this mode of procedure
he was instrumental
in preventing
vexatious lawsuits and was
entitled to the appellation of peace-
many
;
He was
maker.
member
a
of the
continental congress in the revoluand died January 10, 1787.
tion,
Hon. Thomas Wallingford,
was born at Bradford, Mass., in
1697.
He came to this town in the
and by a diliearly part of liis life
gent application to business, from a
small beginning became one of the
richest men in the province.
;
IcHABOD EoLLiNs, was bom
Somersworth in 1721. He was
a judge of probate for the county of
Strafford, and died January 31,
Population, in 1830, 3,090.
1800.
in
Soucooli. River, N.
II.,
Has its source in three ponds in
the south part of Gilnianton, lying
near each other, called Loon, Rocky
and Shcllcamp ponds.
It passes
through Loudon, receiving several
branches, and forms the boundary
between Concord and Pembroke,
falling into the
Garvin's
Merrimack below
falls,
SonLlaegaii River, N.
H.
Originally Souhegenack, the name
of a river in Hillsborough county,
and the former name of Amherst
and Merrimack.
The principal
branch of this river originates from
issuing from Babboosuck pond. See
Amherst.
Soutli Ilamptou,
IV.
H.,
Rockingham co., is bounded N.
by East Kingston and Kensington,
E. by Seabrook, S. by Amesbury,
Mass., W. by Newtown; and is 50
miles
S. E.
from Concord, and 18
W. from Portsmouth.
The surface is generally
S. S.
even,
of a good quality. Powow river passes through this town,
affording valuable mill seats. South
Hampton was incorporated in 1742.
and the
soil
Hon. Phillips White, who
was a member of the old congress,
1792 and 1793, and
years judge of probate,
died June 24, 1811, aged 82.
Population, 1830, 487.
a counsellor in
for
many
Soutlianiptoii, Mass.
Hampshire co.
Manhan river
waters the town and affords it mill
privileges.
The Farmington canal
passes through the eastern part.
Lead in various forms and qualities
is found here, and here is a subterraneous passage leading to the lead
mine in Westhampton.
There are
some manufactures in the town,
but the people are generally employed in agricultural pursuits, and
the soil is well adapted to that purpose.
Southampton is pleasantly situated, 9 miles S. W. from Northampton, and 97 W. by S. from Boston.
Incorporated, 1753.
Population,
1837, 1,216.
Soiitli Berwick, Me.
Ashburnham, Mass.
It
passes N. through Ashby, at the
York CO. This town is situated
N. W. angle of the county of Mid- on the N. E. side of Salmon Fall
dlesex, into New Ipswich, and river, 97 miles S. W. from Augusta,
through Mason, Milford, Amherst, and 10 W. N. W. from York. The
into Merrimack, where it unites limits of the town have recently
with Merrimack river. In its course been increased by the addition of a
a
it
pond
in
receives
several
streams from
Temple, Lyndeborough and Mount
Vernon, and just before it falls into
the Merrimack, receives Babboosuck brook, a considerable stream
portion
It
of the
territory of
in 1814.
was incorporated
York.
Pop-
1830,1,577; 1837, 2,342.
Falls on the river at this
place afford an hydraulic power of
ulation,
The Great
�NEW
EN^GLAND GAZETTEER.
Mangreat magnitude and value.
ufacturing operations commenced
here many years ago, and have been
but in 1837,
gradually increasing
the " Great Works Manufacturing
Company" was incorporated. This
company have a large capital, and
are making arrangements for manufacturing on an extensive scale.
When it is considered that this place
is located on navigable waters, and
only about a dozen miles from the
beautiful harbor of Portsmouth, by
water, these operations promise a
favorable result, both to individual
enterprise and the public.
;
The
village of South Berwick is
pleasantly situated ; it is a place of
considerable trade, and in the vicinity of delightful scenery.
Soutliborougli, Mass.
Worcester co. This town was
taken from Marlborough in 1727.
It has a good soil, and is well cultivated by industrious and skillful
farmers.
It is watered by a branch
of Sudbury river, and has manufactures of woolen cloth, boots,
annual
shoes, and straw bonnets
:
and Worcester rail road passes
It
through this pleasant town.
lies 26 miles W. from Boston, and
Population,
15 E. from Worcester.
1837, 1,113.
Soutlibritlge, Mass.
taken from
co.
The principal
village in this town is pleasantly
situated on the Pamperaug, a fine
mill stream, which passes through
the town.
This village is 20 miles
New Haven, and 40
from Hartford.
The village of South Britain is
about 4 miles S. W. from the princiN. W. from
S.
W.
pal or central village
it is a flourishing place, containing a number of neat buildings, a carpet and
several hat factories.
This village
:
is
surrounded by high
Southbridge was
Sturbridge in 1814.
;
:
and
:
covered.
The northern part of the town
is
called " White Oak," from an oak
tree under which the first persons
who explored the town encamped.
Pieces of this tree are considered
Southformerly attached to
Litchfield county.
It was a part
of Woodbury, and was first settled
about the year 1672.
It was incorporated as a distinct town in 1786.
Population, 1830, 1,557.
as precious relics.
bury was
goutli Hadley, Mass.
co.
Population, 1830, 1,444 1837, 1740.
It is 54 miles S. W. from Boston,
and 19 S. S. W. from Worcester.
This town is watered by the Quinneboag, a branch of the Thames,
and a good mill stream. There are
one woolen and three cotton mills
in Southbridge, and manufactures
of boots, shoes and cutlery
the
value of which, for the year ending
April 1, 1837, was $262,212. This
town has an excellent soil and a
pleasant and flourishing village.
hills
precipices, and has a romantic and
picturesque appearance. The surface of the town is generally uneven there is some good meadow
land on Housatonick, Pamperaug,
and Shepaug rivers, and the uplands are warm and productive.
Some traces of coal have been dis-
The Boston by some
value, about $50,000.
Worcester
Soutlibury, Ct.
New Haven
Hampshire co. Nature and art
seem to have united to render this
an interesting place. The falls on
the Connecticut are 50 feet ; not
perpendicular, but in so short a
distance as to render the river very
These falls, Mount Holyoke at the north part of the town,
and Mount Tom on the west side of
the river, with the luxuriant meadrapid.
ows along
would form
character.
this beautiful stream,
a picture of no ordinary
These falls are ren-
dered passable for freight and steam
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
boats by a canal of about two miles
In this canal is a cut
in length.
tlirough solid rock, 40 feet in depth
and 300 feet in length. The hydraulic power, at this place, is very
great, having the whole volume of
Connecticut river and some smaller
streams at command for manufacMuch of the
turing purposes.
water power is yet unimproved,
but
its
local situation
is
such as
and manufactures of leather, boots,
toshoes, pearl buttons, iron, &c.
tal value, the year ending April 1,
1S37, $237,650.
South Hadley lies on the east
side of Connecticut river, 90 miles,
W. from Boston, and 5 S. by E.
:
from Northampton.
Incorporated
Population, 1837, 1,400.
Soutli Heroj Vt.
Grand Isle co. Lake Champlain
bounds this town on all sides.
The passage in the lake however, is
very narrow between the towns of
N. and S. Hero. It lies 12 miles
N. W. from Burlington, and 16 S. S.
W.
from St. Albans. The lake is
fordable a considerable part of the
year on the Vermont side. This
town was formerly a part of North
Hero, and was separated from it in
First settled, 1784.
1788.
Population, 1830, 717.
South Hero contains an area of about 9,065 acres
of level land of an excellent soil.
Its basis is limestone.
It is suppos-
ed that all the lands of this island
county were once covered by the
waters of the lake, as clam shells
are found incorporated with the
rocks in the
highest places.
The
around these islands
beautiful.
This vicinity was a
scenery
is
fa-
vorite resort for the Indians, as appears from a large number of their
implements found on the islands.
It
seems they manufactured hatch-
ets,
spear heads, chisels,
nishes a great abundance of food
for the inhabitants, and some for exabout 6,200
portation.
It feeds
sheep.
This is a pleasant stopping
place for the angler, the painter or
the geologist.
to
insure its usefulness as the manufacturing interests of New England
There are in South Hadincrease.
ley 3 paper and 2 woolen mills,
in 1753.
and a variety of other implements
place, from a flint stone not
found in this region, but brought
from a distance. This town furat this
arrows,
Soutliington, Ct.
Southington was
Hartford co.
taken from Farmington in 1779.
There are some elevations in the
town, particularly in the eastern
part
but the soil is generally very
good for all kinds of grain and the
pasturage of cattle.
It is watered
by the Quinnepiack, and the Farmington canal passes through it.
It contains a neat village, 18 miles
S. W. from Hartford and 21 N.
from New Haven.
Population,
1830, 1,844.
The inhabitants are generally engaged in agriculture ; yet several
kinds of manufactures receive considerable attention.
Peck's patent
;
machines for making tin ware,
most valuable invention, is exclusively owned in this town, and the
for
a
business of making them
sively carried on,
is
by Peck
exten&. Co.,
whose manufactory supplies almost
the whole of the United States and
the British provinces.
The manufacture of water cement is very
extensively carried on in this town,
and furnishes a supply for the wants
of the vicinity, and some for distant
There is an establishmarkets.
ment for the manufacture of lasts,
which are turned out by a machine :
this is effected by having a model
of the shape wanted, inserted into
the apparatus connected with the
Besides the above,
machinery.
there is a brass foundry ; and several other establishments, for manufacturing various articles, such as
saws of different kinds, tin ware,
combs, spoons, clocks, brushes, &c.,
are in operation, more or less ex-
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
consistofshoes,cabinet ware, chairs
shoe tools, razor straps, block tin
and tin ware annual value, about
tensively, at different times, accordino- to the demands of the market.
Copper has been discovered, in several places, in the range of mountains on the eastern border of the
:
$60,000.
This town contains a large and
beautiful pond, the source of Saugus river. The village is compact,
town.
Sontli Kingston, R.
I.
neat and flourishing.
Chief town.
Washington co.
This town was formerly a part of
North Kingston, and was first setIt is the largest town
tled in 1670.
Soiitliwicli, Mass.
Hampden
bounded
of
is
Con-
and is 100 miles W. by
from Boston, and 10 W. S. W.
Incorporated,
from Springfield.
Point Judith. It has an
uneven surface, a soil of a gravelly
loam, based on a granite foundation.
Large quantities of grain of various kinds and of the productions of
the dairy are annually sent to maralso the fleeces
ket from this town
This town
of about 7,500 sheep.
possesses great navigable advantages; its eastern and southern
bonders being washed by the Atlantic ocean and Narraganset bay.
number
town
state
S.
noted
It contains a great
This
co.
by the
necticut,
in the State, comprising 9S square
miles, and within its limits is the
;
S.
of fresh
It
Population, 1837, 1,291.
1779.
w-atered by a considerable stream,
and several ponds in the town supply water for the Farmington canal,
is
which passes through Southwick.
consist of gunpowder, leather, and distilled spirannual value, about $70,000.
its
The manufactures
:
town is elevagenerally good,
The valparticularly for grazing.
wool sheared in 1837, was
ue of
The
surface
of the
ted, but the soil
water ponds, and a large salt pond
one of the fresh water ponds, covers an area of between three and
four thousand acres.
The fisheries on the shores and
are
in the ponds of South Kingston
of considerable extent and value.
$2,125.
taken are principally bass,
Some
alewives, perch and smelts.
is
furnishino-
:
The
fish
portion of the inhabitants follow a
maritime life for a livelihood.
The principal village in South
Kingston is improperly called " Litsnug
tle Rest Hill," for it is quite a
It lies SO
comfortable place.
and
miles S. from Providence, and 9 S.
from North Kingston. Population,
1830, 3,663.
Soutli Reading, Mass.
Middlesex
co.
Tliis
town was
It
taken from Reading in 1812.
10 miles N. from Boston, 18 E.
lies
by N. from Concord, and 10 W. from
Salem. Population, 1330, 1,310;
So-vvatlaljgcoolc Rivei',
Tliis stream falls
Penobscot co.
the Penobscot at Hampden, 5
into
Within 3
miles below Bangor.
miles of its mouth it falls 120 feet,
ileges.
rises in
many valuable mill privThe main branch, which
Stetson,
The manufactures
of
the town
unites
with the
Harvey stream from Levant, and
the Kinsley stream from Etna, both
affording excellent mill sites, near
Below
the village in Carmel.
the Sowadabscook is deep
these,
and sluggish, from 15 to 25 yards in
width, flowing through extensive
and'" the Great and Little
ponds in Hermon, with very little
meadows,
m
the head of the falls
Near the east line of
Carmel, this stream comes within
about 20 rods of the Little Kendusthrough
keas;, a stream which flows
E. part of Carmel, from Lethe^N.
vant to Bangor and the two streams
to
are united by a branch from 20
descent,
to
Hampden.
;
1837, 1,488.
Me.
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
30 feet wide and 3 feet deep, called
the Cross.
rapid that
The Kenduskeag is so
it rises and falls much
quicker
than the Sowadabscook.
the streams are rising, the
curi'ent in the Cross sets towards the
When
Sowadabscook, and when falling,
towards the Kenduskeag.
The country watered hy the
Sowadabscook is generally rather
level and free from hills, though
there are many swells of very fine
farming land.
In the towns of
Hermon and Hampden is a large
tract, very little elevated above the
level of the stream, and liable to be
overflowed by freshets.
It is too
low for settlement, and is chiefly
covered with wood. The improve-
ment
of this land requires too great
an outlay of capital for a new country, but it will probably at some
time be among the most valuable
in this country for mowing.
There are on this stream, in
Hampden,
five superior saw mills,
a grist and paper mill, and the privileges are excelled by few in
England.
Upon the Kenduskeag
ai-e 9 mills below the Cross, many
of them superior double mills. The
pine timber has been cut off upon
the waters of this stream to such an
extent, as to give a high value to
that which remains, and to the hemlock timber, of which there are
great quantities of fine quality.
New
Since our
first
pages went
to
we have
received, from an
obliging fi'iend, the following information in regard to Carniel.
The township of Carmel, bordering on the Sowadabscook, is a very
level tract of land; most of it of a
press,
very light and
there
was
originally so valuable a
in which there
a quantity remaining.
The swells are large, and are covered with the rock maple, beech,
birch, &c., and are of a very supeNear the
rior quality for tillage.
streams are large tracts of intervale
of great fertility, and making very
growth of pine, or
is
so large
fine
meadows.
There
is little
waste
land in the town.
The swamps are
few and of small extent, but furnish cedars in sufficient quantities
for fencing, for which use they are
the finest and most durable material.
The settlement of this town is
rapidly progressing, and many of
the farms recently cleared are very
superior, and the buildings, fences,
and improvements, show an active,
industrious and
enterprising peo-
ple.
The village near the centre of
the town, is a very thriving and
active place of business, on the
stage road from Bangor to Skowhegan, 13 miles W. from Bangor, and
11 W. N. >y. from Hampden. Here
are four stores, two taverns, an
apothecary shop, potash, blacksmiths, coopers, shoemakers, joiners, and other shops ; an extensive
tannery, mills, &c., and a meeting
In the
house is about being l)uilt.
town are five good school houses,
five saw mills, a clapboard and shingle mill, grist mill, and clothing
mill.
are found in this town some
specimens of petrified shells,
at an elevation of 125 to 130 feet
above the Penobscot, and near the
banks of the stream, showing that
this valley was once covered by
There
fine
the ocean.
The roads in the towns watered
by this stream are exceedingly well
made, and creditable to the inhabitants, though it is remarkable, that
several of them, which were made
in the early settlement, pass over
There is probably no town in this decidedly the most inferior lands in
section of the county, in which., those towns.
This is particularly
fertile soil, free of
valleys have a fine
growth of pine timber, which has
been carefully preserved by the
owners, and may be run, by means
of the Cross, at a small expense,
either to Bangor or Hampden.
stone.
The
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
true of the road from Hampden
through Carmel and Etna to Newport and the settlement of this
:
section was formerly retarded, without doubt, by the unfavorable impression created by this circumstance.
The projected rail road
from Bangor to Augusta is surveyed to pass through this town, near
the bank of the stream
and the
level character of the country is
exceedingly well adapted for that
purpose.
;
Spafford's liaise, N. H.
See Chesierfield.
Specl£letl
Monntaiu, Me.
Oxford CO.
This mountain lies
on the line of New Hampshire,
partly in the town of Riley, and is
said to be 4,000 feet above sea
mack between Methuen and Dracut, Mass., nearly opposite Shaw
sheen river, which comes from the
S.J through Andover.
Split, Cape,
See Addison.
Springiield, Me.
Penobscot co. The Matakeunk,
branch of the Matawamkeag,
rises here, and, with several ponds,
a
gives the town a considerable wapower. The soil of the town is
fertile, and in 1837, with a population of 398, produced 9,429 bushels
of wheat.
Springfield was No. 5,
2d range N. of the Bingham Purchase, and was incorporated in 1834.
It lies about 60 miles N. E. by E.
ter
from Bangor.
gpringfieltl, N.
level.
Spencer, Mass*
Vrorcester co.
Seven Mile rivbranch of the Chickopee, waters this town.
There are two
woolen mills in the town, and manufactures of scythe snaiths, straw
bonnets, boots, shoes, leather, caber, a
inet
ware, chairs, palm-leaf hats,
harnesses, and barrels annual value, about $80,000.
This township is quite elevated
for the section of country in which
it lies.
It is stated to be the summit level between the waters of
:
Boston harbor and Connecticut river, 950 feet above the former, and
880 feet above the latter.
The
surface of the town is agreeably
varied by hills and valleys
the
soil is fertile, and cultivated by men
of industry and independence.
Spencer is 52 miles W. from Boston, and 12 Yv^. from Worcester.
Population, in 1830, 1,618 ; 1837,
2,085.
It was taken from Leices:
ter in 1753.
Spiggot River, N. H.,
Rises in Hampstead, and passes
through Salem, and into the Merri-
34
Me.
H.
Sullivan co. This town is bounded N. by Grafton, E. by Wilmot,
S. E. by New London, S. by Wendell and Croydon, W. by Croydon
and Grantham. It lies 35 miles N.
W. from Concord and 13 N. E. from
A
Newport.
branch of Sugar river has its source in this town; and
also a branch of the Blackwater
The former empties into the
Connecticut, the latter into the JNIcrrimack. There are several ponds,
viz. Station pond, about 250 rods
long, 140 wide
Cilley pond, 240
rods long, and about SO wide
Star,
Stony, and Morgan's ponds. The
land is rough and stony. This town
was granted in 1769, by the name
of Protectu'orth.
Its t\rst settlement commenced in 1772. It was
incorporated bv the name of Springfield, 1794. Population, 1S30, 1,202.
river.
;
;
Springfield, Vt.
Windsor
Springfield is situco.
the S. E. corner of the
county, on the W. side of Connecticut river, and is 70 miles S. from
ated
at
Montpelier, 24 S. from Vv^oodstock,
and 110 N. W. from Boston. Population, 1830, 1,498.
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
The land in Springfield is generally rich, with a deep soil suitable for grass or tillage ; on the rivers are extensive intervales, forming some of the most beautiful farms
The principal agriin the state.
cultural products, are corn, rye,
oats, beef, pork, butter, cheese ; and
wool, of which 17,872 fleeces were
shorn in 1837. Many hoi'ses are
raised in this town and sent to market.
The principal village is situated
Black River falls, near the
centre of the town. These falls
are about four miles from the confluence of Black river with the
Connecticut their descent is rapid
over a rocky bed, about 60 rods,
when the waters are contracted,
and precipitated 50 or 60 feet down
an abrupt ledge into a narrow chanThis ravine extends about 12
nel.
rods ; it is 60 or 70 feet deep, and is
walled by perpendicular ledges of
mica slate. Over this ravine has
been erected a bridge, from which
may be had a full view of the falls.
mist constantly arises, in which
may be seen, in a fair day, all the
colors of the rainbow.
on
;
A
There are in Springfield 1 cotton
and 2 woolen mills, a sand paper
factory,
on
an
extensive
scale,
which produces an excellent article, and manufactures of machine
cards, machinery, iron ware, lead
pipe, hats, chair'?, tin and copper
wares, scythes, leather, cabinet furniture, and various other articles.
This is a very flourishing town,
and the scenery around
handsome
village
is
its
neat and
delightful.
Sprijigfield, Mass.
Chief town, Hampden co. This
is one of the
most beautiful and
important inland towns in New
England. It is situated on the east
bank of Connecticut river, and is
supplied v/ith a good hydraulic
power by Chickopee and Mill rivers.
It is 87 miles W. by S. from
Boston, 17 S. by E. from North-
ampton, and 27 N. from Hartford,
Ct. Its Indian name
First settled, 1635.
was Agawam.
Incorporated,
Population, 1820, 3,914;
1645.
Along
1830, 6,784; 1837, 9,234.
the banks of the Connecticut are
large tracts of fine alluvial meadow,
which are very productive. Back
from the river the land rises by a
gentle acclivity to an extended pine
plain.
The village and business part )f
the town, is on a street between 2
and 3 miles in length, running parallel with the river.
This village
is very pleasant, well built, and
contains many beautiful buildings.
handsome bridge, 1,234 feet in
length, connects this town with
West Springfield.
Boats for the
transportation of passengers, and
for towing freight boats, are continually plying between this place
and Hartford, during the season of
navigation.
The rail road from
Boston to Albany will pass through
Springfield, which, with the great
natural advantages it possesses, must
render it one of the most important
commercial depots on Connecticut
A
river.
About 4 miles north
of the prinvillage, near the confluence
of Chickopee river with the Connecticut, stands the neat and enterprising village of
Chickopee,
one of the most beautifully located
manufacturing villages in
cipal
New
England.
The United
States Arsenal
is
delightfully situated on an elevated
plain about half a mile east of the
principal village.
The buildings
are arranged with great taste and
judgment, around a level square of
20 acres, and make a fine appearance.
The buildings are all of
on one
of which is a
brick
cupola, from which an extensive
and delightful view of Connecticut
and the surrounding counriver
try is presented. The water works
are situated on pylill river, about a
mile south of the arsenal. This^
;
�;
NtW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
establishment was founded in 1795,
and is considered the most important arsenal of construction in the
United States.
There are 2G0
men constantly employed in the various branches of this manufacture.
In 1837, the lands and buildings
attached to this establishment were
valued at $210,000 ; Machinery,
$50,000 170,000 muskets on hand,
$2,040,000 muskets manufactured
during the year ending April 1,
1S37, 14,000, valued at $154,000
Squam Bay and
The bay
Village, Mass.
up between Gloucester and the mouth of Ipswich harbor.
The village is on Cape Ann,
about 4 miles N. from the principal
village of Gloucester, and is the resort and residence of a large numsets
ber of enterprising fishermen.
Sqiiantanagonick, N. H.
;
;
:
The name of a village
Cocheco
ed from the Indian name of the
amount of ordnance and stock on
hand, $30,000.
An establishment for the manufacture of brass cannon, employing
25 hands, lately commenced by a
private companj^ will manufacture
cannon to the amount of $50,000
per annum.
There are in Springfield 7 cotton
and 4 paper mills, 3 tanneries, and
manufactures of iron castings, cutlery, ploughs, chairs, cabinet and
tin wares, boots, shoes, cards, hard
ware, steam boats, joiners tools, paper machinery, shuttles, bobbins, rifles, stoves, machinery, swords, &c.
The total value of the manufactures
of Springfield, for the year ending
April
1,
1S37, exclusive
of those
by
the U. S., amounted to $1,709,700.
See Register.
Squam. T^ake,
&,c.
Squam Lake, N.
at the falls on
river, in Rochester, so callfalls.
Sqiiamscot River, N. H.,
Or Swamscot,
or Exeter river.
called also Great
See Exeter.
StafForcl, Ct.
This town lies 24
Tolland co.
miles N. E. from Hartford, 6 N. E.
from Tolland, 27 N. W. from Brooklyn, 36 N. from Norwich, 14 N. E.
from Springfield, Mass., and 73 W.
S. W. from Boston.
Population,
1830, 2,515.
The surface of the town is rough
some parts mountainous, abounding with rocks of primitive formation.
Its soil is a coarse, hard and
dry gravelly loam generally not
very productive. There are several minerals in the town, but iron
As early as
ore is the principal.
1779, a blast furnace was erected
here, and cannon shot, hollow ware,
in
;
H., lies on the &.C., were cast.
borders of Holderness, Sandwich,
The town is watered by FurMoultonborough and Centre Har- nace river, and the Willimantic,
This is " a splendid sheet of which unite in Stafford, and afford
bor.
water, indented by points, arched a good water power. There are in
with coves, and studded with a suc- the town several blast and cupola
cession of romantic islands."
manufacIt is furnaces, a cotton mill,
about 6 miles long, and in its widest tures of pistols, axes, adzes, carpart, 3 miles in width.
It covers a penters'
chisels, tailors'
shears,
surface of between 6,000 and 7,000 drawing knives, and several other
acres, and is well stored with trout articles of cutlery.
There are also
and other fish.
manufactures of cotton and woolen
Squam JRiver is the outlet of the machinery, cabinet ware, brush
above mentioned lake
it passes
handles, iron card cylinders, and
through Squam pond in Holder- two forges for making wrought
ness, and forms a junction v/ith the iron.
Pemigewasset, at the S. W. corner
Stafford Mineral Springs have
of that town.
acquired considerable notice, and
:
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
are celebrated for their virtues in
curing cutaneous diseases.
" The Indians first made the settlers acquainted with the virtues of
these springs, when, in the year
1719, this part of the country be'
gan to be settled.
It has been
their practice, time immemorial,
to resort to them in the warm season, and plant their wigwams round
them.
They recommended the wa-
much
celebrity until about the year
a case occurred calculated to establish and extend their
was an effectual
reputation.
It
cure of a most obstinate cutaneous
1765,
when
complaint, which had
completely
baffled all medicinal skill, and reThe
sisted all other applications.
publicity which was given to this
case soon raised the reputation of
these springs ; and in consequence
ter as an eye water ; but gave, as
their own particular reason for
drinking it, that it enlivened their
spirits.'
It is said, that in 1766,
these springs were carefully exam-
of which they immediately became
a place of resort of persons afSicted with various diseases."
ined by Dr. Warren, who then had
thoughts of purchasing the land on
which they rise, with a view of establishing himself upon it.
Subsequent events transformed the physician into a soldier, and Dr. Warren
mountain
Bennington co.
township on the line of Massachusetts.
It is 9 miles S. W. from Bennington, and 21 W. by S. from
Stamford, Vt.
A
Brattleborough.
Population, 1830,
Branches of the Hoosack and
Walloomsack rise here. There are
several line fish ponds among the
mountains
and some good land
but the lands in Stamford are gen663.
the first great struggle of the
Revolution. Dr. Willard afterwards
put Dr. Warren's plan into opera;
tion, by building a large hotel for
the reception of patients and oth- erally too elevated for culture.
The establishment is at presers.
Stamford, C't.
ent owned by Mr. Jasper Hyde,
and its former reputation is fully
Fairfield co. This beautiful town
sustained, and it is a place of much is bounded on the S. by Long
resort for the purposes of health or Island Sound, and on the N. W. by
pleasure during the summer season. the state of New York.
Its Indian
There are two distinct springs, the name was Rij)powams, and was
medical qualities of which are con- purchased of the natives for " twelve
sidered as essefltially different. One coats, twelve hoes, twelve hatchets,
of them contains a solution of iron, twelve knives, two kettles and four
The
sustained by carbonic acid gas, a fathom of white wampum."
portion of marine salt, some earthly soil of Stamford is a rich gravelly
substances, and what has been call- loam, well cultivated and very proed natron, or a native alkali. This ductive. The surface is undulaspring has been known and used for ting, presenting a great variety of
a length of time, and has been pro- delightful prospects.
The town is
nounced by chemists to be one of well supplied with mill sites by
the most efficacious chalybeate Mill and Miannas rivers, and, withsprings in the United States.
The in its bay, between Shippan and
other spring, the medical virtues of Greenwich points, are good harbors
which were not known till about for vessels of 8 1-2 feet draught of
the year 1810, contains, according water.
There are a number of
to the opinion of Professor Silliman, vessels owned here, and Stamford
(who examined it in that year) a is a place of an active trade with
large portion of hydrogen gas, of the surrounding country and New
sulphur, and a small proportion of York. There are within the limits
iron.
These springs did not acquire of the town an iron foundry, a rollfell in
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
ing mill, a wire factory, and two
large boot and slioe manufactories.
Stamford Borough is a neat village, beautifully situated near the
Sound, and surrounded by a country full of interesting scenery.
This was the residence of the
Hon.
Abraham
Daveivport,
for
many
years one of the Counsellors
of the colony, and afterwards of the
state.
He was the son of the Rev.
John Davenport, the second minister of Stamford, and grandson of the
Rev. John Davenport, the father of
New Haven colony. Mr. Davenport was distinguished for his vigorous mind. Christian integrity, and
for his uncommon iirmness of charAn instance of his firmness
acter.
is here quoted.
"The 19th of May, 1780, was a
Candles
dark day.
remarkable
were lighted in many houses ; the
birds were silent and disappeared,
and the fowls retired to roost. The
legislature of Connecticut was then
very
in session at Hartford.
general opinion prevailed, that the
day of judgment was at hand.
The House of Representatives, being unable to transact their business,
adjourned.
proposal to adjourn
the Council was under consideration.
When the opinion of Mr. Davenport was asked, he answered, 'I am
against an adjournment.
The day
of judgment is either approaching,
If it is not, there is no
or it is not.
A
A
cause for an adjournment if it is, I
choose to be found doing mj' duty.
I wish therefore that candles may
be brought."
:
Standisli,
Mc.
Cumberland co. This township
is bounded on the N. and N. E. by
Sebago Lake, and S. AV'. by Saco
river.
It lies
6S miles S.
W.
from
Augusta, and 16 N. W. from Portland.
This is a good farming town
with two pleasant villages. Incorporated, 1785.
2,270.
34*
Population,
1837,
gtarks, Me.
Somerset co.
Starks is very
pleasantly situated on the W. side
of Kennebec river, and is also watered by the Sandy, which unites
with the Kennebec at this place.
This town possesses great resources
in the fertility of the soil, its locaand its mill privileges.
37 miles N. N. E. from Augusta, and 6 W. by N. from Nortion for trade,
It lies
1795.
ridgev/ock.
Incorporated,
Wheat
Population, 1837, 1,424.
crop same year, 7,614 bushels.
•
Stark, N.
II.
Coos CO. This town was named
Piercy, until a few years since.
It was then altered to compliment
the memory of Gen. Stark.
It contains about 20,000 acres, most of
which is broken and extremely uneven. It was settled in 17SS, but
the progress of the settlement has
been very slow.
Population, 236.
It lies 10 miles N. E. from Lancaster.
Starlcsljorougii, Vt.
Addison co. This town is watered by Lewis creek and Huntington river, which are good mill
There are three springs
streams.
in the town, not more than 20 rods
a
apart, which unite and form
stream of sufficient power for a
number of mills, and is thus imThe town is rough and
proved.
Hog's Back mounwestern border, and
East mountain passes through its
centre, and divides the waters of
the rivers.
There is some good
land in the tovirn, but a large portion
mountainous.
tain skirts its
of the territory is too elevated for
cultivation.
Here are 2 villages,
and the manufactures of iron are
considerable.
Starksborough was first settled in
178S. It is 22 miles W. by S. from
Montpelier, and 18 N. by E. from
Middleburv. Population, in 1830,
1,342.
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
Sterling, Vt.
Sterling Peak, in
Lamoille co.
the South part of this town, ranks
among the most elevated summits
of
the
Green
Mountain
range.
i?sue from this mountain town.
It was first settled in
1799, and contains 23,040 acres of
land.
The quality of the soil maybe known by the number of its inhabitants, 183 ; and by the number
of its sheep, 350.
It lies 24 miles
N. by Vi. from Montpelier.
Some streams
Sterling, Mass.
co.
This town was
about the year 1721.
It was taken from Lancaster, in
1781.
It lies 40 miles W. from
Boston, and 12 N. from Worcester.
Worcester
first settled
watered by Still river. Its
surface is uneven, and its soil light.
It
is
Population, 1837, 1,650.
The manufactures of the town consist of
boots, shoes, leather, straw bonnets,
palm-leaf hats, scythe snaiths,
chairs and cabinet ware
total
amount, for the year ending April
1, 1837, $76,528, of which §^53,
228, was for chairs and cabinet
:
ware.
Sterling, Ct.
Windham co. This town lies 10
miles S. E. from Brooklyn, and 44
from Hartford. It was
E. by S.
taken from Voluntown in 1794.
Population, 1830, 1,240.
The soil
is a light gravelly and sandy loam,
and produces good grain. Sterling
is
watered
by two branches of
Moosup river, a good mill stream,
on which are four cotton mills.
" Near the centre of this town,
there is a cavern, called the " Devil's Den," possessing very singular
and curious features. It is situated
within a ledge of rocks, and has a
circular area of about 100 feet in
diameter.
The
rock
is
cleft in
two
places, forming at each a chasm or
fissure
about 50 feet in depth.
through one of which there runs
water the other
communicates with a room about
a small stream of
;
12 feet square, at the interior part
of which there is a fire place, and
a chimney extending through the
rock above, forming an aperture of
about 3 feet square. In another
part of the rock there is a natural
stair case, winding around it from
the bottom to the top.
In the cold
season of the year, a large mass of
ice is formed in the room above described, by the dashing of the water
down ihe chimney, which continues there through nearly the whole
of tlie warm months, the sun being
almost excluded from this subterranean recess."
Stetson, Me.
Penobscot co.
This town is
bounded N. by Exeter, and S. by
Etna and Carmel. It is 63 miles
N. E. from Augusta, and 18 W. N.
W. from Bangor. It is watered by
branches of the Sebasticook and
Sowadabscook, Avhich rise here. It
was incorporated in 1831. Popula114; 1837,437. The surface of the town is undulating, and
the soil excellent.
Wheat crop,
1837, 3,704 bushels.
tion, 1830,
Steiil>en,
Washington
Me.
This is a maritime township, and comprises Dozer's Bay, which sets up from the
sea about 9 miles, and contains a
number of good harbors. This bay
lies
co.
between Little
Menan Point
and Goldsborough harbor.
It is
about a mile wide at its mouth.
Steuben is a place of considerable ship building, and a number of
vessels are owned here, employed
in the coasting trade and fishery.
Narraguagus river passes its northeastern border.
Steuben lies 107 miles E. from
Augusta, and about 35 W. by S.
fiom Machias. Incorpoi-ated, 1795.
Population, 1837, 802.
�—
NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
Stevens' River, Vt.
Still-^vater,
This excellent
Peacham and
Ryegate.
It received its name in
compliment to Captain Phineas Stevens, the bravedcfender of CharlesThe waters of this
town, N. H.
river are remarkably clear, and its
banks luxuriant and romantic.
It
meanders about 15 miles, and in its
course through Barnet it receives
Harvey's lake, a pellucid sheet of
water, covering an area of 300
acres.
This beautiful river mingles its crystal waters with those of
the Connecticut, at Barnet, by a
leap of 100 feet in the distance of
ten rods, as it were in joy to meet
a sister stream on its passage to the
Caledonia co.
mill stream rises in
bosom
of the ocean.
Stewai'tstowii, N.
II.,
Coos CO., lies on the E. side of
the Connecticut, which washes its
W. boundary, a distance of 7 miles.
It lies 150 miles N. W. from Portland, 150 N. from Concord, and
is
bounded N. by Canada.
The Connecticut river is about
15 rods in width at this place.
Bishop's brook,
a
considerable
stream, rises in this town, and falls
into the Connecticut at the N. W.
Dead water and Mohawk
corner.
rivers have their sources here.
Hall's stream, also, unites with
the Connecticut in Stewartstown.
There are two ponds in the E. part
of this town, called Little and Great
Diamond ponds, both well stocked
There are no
with salmon trout.
large mountains in Stewartstown,
although there are many elevations.
The
soil
of the intervale
is
rich,
and the uplands productive.
Stewartstown was incorporated
Penobscot
co.
A
Me.
very flourish-
ing village, on the lower
falls
of
Penobscot river, in the town of Orono.
An immense amount of lumber is sawed at this place, and rafted down to the Bangor market. See
Orono.
Stockbridge, Vt.
Windsor co.
This town lies 3G
miles S. by W. from Montpelier,
and 26 N. W. from Windsor. First
settled, 1783.
Population, 1830,
1,333.
White river passes through the
town, and at a place called the
" Great Narrows," it is compressed
into a channel of but a few feet in
width, and, affords the only good
mill seat in town.
The soil of the
town is better for pasturage than
tillage.
It feeds
about five thousand five hundred sheep.
Stockbridge, Mass.
Berkshire co.
This is a fine
farming town on both sides of the
Housatonick river, 130 miles W.
from Boston, and 6 S. from Lenox.
Incorporated, 1739.
Population,
1830, 1,580; 1837, 2,036.
The soil of this town is adapted
to all kinds of culture
much of it
is rich alluvial meadow, and the
uplands produce excellent feed for
;
cattle.
Here is an excellent hydraulic
power, and a pleasant village on an
extended plain, surrounded by delightful scenery.
There arc one cotton and two
woolen mills in the town, two tanneries, and manufactures of pig
house or
iron castings, chairs, boots,
shoes, and machinery for boring
total amount of the
iron and wood
manufactures, for the year ending
ulation, 1830, 529.
Marble
April 1, 1837, $380,765.
is abundant.
tribe of Indians had a reservation of 6 miles square in this town.
iron,
in
During the late war a block
fort was erected in this
town for dei"ence by a company of
militia, and occupied until August,
1S14, when it was destroyed.
Pop1799.
:
A
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
from the
val to
year 1735
to their rerao
New
county, New
Stockbridge, Oneida
York. In 1735 there
were 90 adult Indians in the tribe,
of whom 52 were baptized by the
Rev. John Sargent, a faithful missionary, and their first spiritual
guide.
Stoddard, N. H,
Cheshire CO. This town is bounded N. by Washington, E. by VV^indsor and Antrim, S. by Nelson and
Sullivan, and W. by Gilsum and
Marlow.
It is 14 miles N. N. E.
from Keene, and 42 W. S. W. from
Concord.
This town is situated on the lieight
of land between Merrimack and
Connecticut rivers. It is mountainous and very rockJ^
The soil is
better adapted to grazing than tillage.
The south branch of Ashuelot river has its source near the centre of the town.
The streams in
the cast section, fall into the Merrimack those on the west, into the
Connecticut.
There are fourteen
ponds, some of which are of considerable magnitude.
;
to
Fryeburgh Academy.
Popula-
tion, 1837, 290.
Stoiieliani,
Mass.
Middlesex co.
This is a small
town, rocky and uneven.
It has
some good soil and much wood. Incorporated, 1725. Population, 1837,
932.
During the year ending April 1,
1837, there were made in this town
380,100 pairs of shoes; valued at
$184,717,
half
more
employing
inhabitants.
Spot Pond, a beautiful
than
its
sheet of
and pure water, lies in this
town, 8 miles N. from Boston. It
covers an area of 283 acres, and is
143 feet above high water mark,
soft
at Boston.
StoiiiiigtoiJj Ct.
Nev\r London co.
This town is
situated at the eastern extremity
of Long Island Sound
at the S. E.
corner of the state, and on the line
of Rhode Island.
It contains an
area of about six square miles. The
;
is rocky and uneven, but fertile
and productive.
A considerable
land
This town was formerly called amount of agricultural products is
Limerick. It was incorporated in annually sent from this town to
1774, v/hen it received the name of Nantucket and other places.
It is
Stoddard, from Col. Samson Stod- watered by the Mystic and Paucadard, of Chelmsford, to whom with tuck,
considerable
streams, on
several others it was granted.
The which are cotton, woolen and other
settlement commenced in June, factories.
Stonington was first set17G9.
The first family was that of tled in 1649, and incorporated in
John Taggard, whose privations 1658. Population, 1830, 3,101.
and hardships were very great.
This place was bombarded by
Their grain was procured at Peter- British ships during the revolutionborough, at the distanceof 20 miles, ary war, and again on the 10th of
which was conveyed by him on his August, 1814, and gallantly deback through the pathless wilder- fended.
ness.
At one time, they had nothThe harbor of Stonington sets up
ing, for six days, on which to sub- from the Sound, opposite Fisher's
sist, but the flesh of the moose.
island, and is well protected by an
Population, 1837, 1,159.
expensive Breakwater.
This place is noted for the comStoiaeliam,
Me.
Oxford
CO.
Stoneham was
mercial enterprise of
incor-
porated in 1834.
It lays westerly
of Albany, and comprises the grant
its
people.
Large capitals are employed in the
whale, seal, and cod fisheries. Five
whale ships recently arrived, bring-
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
ing each, on an average, 3,100 barrels of oil, and 25,000 pounds of
The sealing business in the
bone.
Pacific Ocean, has been conducted
here, very extensively, for many
Many
years, with great success.
ships are built, and a large number
of coasting vessels, and some in the
"West India trade, belong to this
This place is accommodated
port.
with a marine rail way, and a light
house at the entrance of the harbor.
Stoningtoii Borough is located on
a narrow point of land, extending
into the Sound about half a mile.
It is
It was incorporated in ISOl.
their
Dorchester, a resi-
lands in
dence was established for them at
this place, and called Punkapog.
There were 12
families of ChrisIndians here in 1674.
Mr.
Elliot, the apostle of the Indians,
had the chief agency in their removal.
There are two cotton and a woolen mill in the town, and manufactures of boots, shoes, shoe tools, and
boot forms
total value of manufactures, the year ending April 1,
1837, exclusive of cotton goods,
,$525,940 ; of which $487,390 was
tain
:
Hands emboots and shoes.
ployed in the various manufactures,
for
handsomely
laid out, is well built,
and contains about 1,200 inhabitants.
928.
Many
1736.
Stoughton was incorporated in
It lies 20 miles S. from BosPopton, and 10 S. from Dedham.
strangers visit this place in
summer months to enjoy the marine
It lies
air and delightful scenery.
54 miles S. E. from Hartford, 12 E.
from
London, and 62 E. from
ulation, 1830, 1,591
New
New
See "
Haven.
an important point
on the New York, Providence, and
Boston Rail Road.
The distance
from New York to Brooklyn, on
Stonington
25 from Stonington to Providence,
47 ; and from Providence to Boston
41 miles. Total distance from New
York to Boston,by this route, 211 1-2
.;
miles.
Until the completion of the rail
road on Long Island, passengers arc
conveyed
daily, by
to
Down
is
Long Island, across the ferry, is
half a mile; from Brooklyn to Greenport, at the easterly part of Long
Island, is 9S miles ; from thence,
across the Sound, to Stonington,
and from New York,
and splendid steam
safe
boats.
1837, 1,993.
;
Stow, Me.
East."
Stow, Vt.
Waterbury river
Lamoille co.
and its branches give this town a
good water power, and by which
several mills are put into operation.
between the Mans-
Stow
is
field
and Hog's Back mountains,
situated
and contains a large tract of level,
which appears to have
been of alluvial formation. This
valley contains some very beautiful
Between
and productive farms.
five and six thousand sheep are
kept, and the exports of agricultuStow is
ral products are valuable.
a flourishing town, and contains a
neat and pleasant mountain valley
fertile land,
village.
Stop River) Mass.
This stream
rises
from ponds in
"W'rentham, and joins Charles river
at Medfield.
Stougliton, Mass.
Norfolk CO.
Some of the head
waters of Neponset river rise in
this town.
When the Indians sold
This town was
first
1793. It lies 15 miles
settled
in
N. N. W. from
Montpelier, 12 S. from Hyde Park,
and 26 E. from Burlington. Population, 1820, 957 ; 1830, 1,570.
Sto^v, Mass.
Stow is watered
Middlesex co.
by the Assabet river, and possesses
The soil is
a good water power.
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
and good for the
It lies 24 miles
W, by N. fi-om Boston, and S \V.
by S. from Concord. Incorporated,
light and sandy,
growth of hops.
1683.
Population, 1837, 1,134.
There are two woolen
the town,
and
mills in
manufactures
of
leather, boots, shoes, straw bonnets,
and palm-leaf hats: total value,
year ending
$231,611.
the
April
Strafford County,
1,
BT.
1837,
H.
Dover, Gilmanton, Gilford and
Rochester, are the shire towns.
Strafford county is bounded N. by
the county of Coos, E. by the state
of Maine, S. and S. W. by Rockingham and Merrimack counties,
W. by the Pemigewasset river,
which separates it from parts of the
counties of Grafton and Merrimack,
and N. W. by Grafton county. It
63
length, from the
mouth of Lamprey river to the N.
line of Albany
33 miles wide at
the centre.
Its shape, like that of
all the other counties in the state, is
irregular.
It contains an area of
1,345 square miles. This county,
which extends to the neighborhood
of the White mountains, has several considerable mountains within its
is
Great bay, Long bay and
bay, are connected with the Winnepisiogee lake.
Smith's pond, in Wolfeborough
Sixmile,in Eaton, Merrymeeting,
in New Durham, and Lovewell, in
Wakefield, are the principal ponds.
county.
Merry meeting
The
larger rivers, are the Piscataqua, Salmon Falls, Cocheco, Saco
and Swift rivers.
The soil of
Strafford county, though presenting
a great variety, is generally good.
The lands are generally hard of
cultivation, but the patient laborer
finds an
Chocorua Peak, in Albany,
Sandwich mountain in the same
range, Ossipee and Effingham mountains, Gunstock mountain, in Gilford, Moose, in Brookfield and Midlimits.
dlcton, TenerifFe, in Milton, and the
ridge denominated Blue Hills, are
the most elevated.
Red Hill, in
Moultonborough, has a commanding elevation, and has long attracted
visitors.
Below, the waters of the
Winnepisiogee lie open to the eye,
and its numerous islands and bays
present a fine appearance. This
lake is much the largest body of
water in the state, being 22 miles
long, and varying from one to eight
miles in width. Sullivan orSquam
lake, lies partly in this county, and
is 6 miles in length, and nearly 5 in
width. Ossipee lake is also in tbis
for his in-
Strafford county.
miles in
;
ample reward
dustry.
This county possesses a
large hydraulic power, and manufacturing establishments are constantly increasing on its streams.
Population, 1830, 58,916.
Populalation to a square mile, 44.
In
1S37, there were 53,602 sheep in
StraiTord, N.
H.
This town
lies 15
miles N. W. fi-om Dover, and 25
E. N. E. from Concord, and is about
7 miles in length, 6 1-2 wide. Bow
pond is in the S. W. part of the
town, and is about 650 rods long,
400 wide ; its waters form one of
the principal branches of the Is-
Strafford co.
inglass river.
The range of Blue
hills crosses the N. W. part of the
town.
The
soil
here
is
generally
of a good quality.
Strafford was
formerly a part of Barrington, and
was incorporated in 1820. Population, 1830, 2,200.
Strafford, Vt.
Orange co. This town is watered by a branch of Ompomponoosuc river, and lies 30 miles S. S. E.
from Montpelier, 30 N. from Windsor, and 11 S. S. E. from Chelsea.
Population, 1830, 1,935.
The surface of the town is rough,
but the soil is productive. It feeds
The
a large number of sheep.
manufacturing interests of Strafford
are quite extensive.
" In this township is an extensive
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
bed of the sulphuret of
iron,
which immense quantities
from
of
copperas are manufactured. The ore is
situated on the east side of an elevation, and the bed is about half a mile
in length, and from two to three
Its depth has not
rods in width.
company was
been ascertained.
incorporated by the name of the
A
" Vermont Mineral Factory Company," in October, 1809, which im-
Here it is
2,.500 pounds each.
boiled and evaporated to a certain
extent, and suffered partially to
cool.
It is then transferred to the
crystalizers, where the copperas
continues to crystalize, while cooling, and when the crystalization
ceases, the water is again returned
to the boilers, mixed with water
from the leaches, and again evaporated."
mediately commenced the manufacture of copperas, at this place.
In 1822, 180 tons of copperas were
manufactured here, and in 1823,
158 tons; since that time the manThe ore is
vifacture has increased.
covered to the depth of about three
Befeet with a stratum of earth.
low this is a stratum of ferruginous petrifactions, which exhibits
forms of buds, leaves, limbs of
trees, &c. in admirable perfection.
This stratum varies from two to
three feet in depth.
Below this
lies the bed of sulphuret of iron.
Its colors are
It is very compact.
brilliant, varying from that of steel
to a bright yellow, and its appearance is occasionally diversilied by
small quantities of green copper
It is also traversed in many
ore.
parts by small veins of quartz. The
ore is detached from the bed in
It is
large masses, by blasting.
then beaten to pieces with hammers and tiirown into heaps several
rods in length, about 12 feet in
width, and seven or eight in height.
Here it is suffered to lie exposed
to the action of the air and moisture until a spontaneous combustion takes place, and the whole
heap is converted from the sulphuret to the sulphate of iron, which
After
usually takes several weeks.
the process of burning is completed, the residue is removed to the
leaches, where water is passed
through it which dissolves the copperas and leaves the earthy matter
behind.
The water is then conveyed to the boilers, which are
made of lead, and weigh about
Stratford, N. H.
This town lies on the
Coos CO.
E. bank of Connecticut river, 16
The town
miles above Lancaster.
is large, extending 10 miles on the
river, with a fertile intervale of 1-4
This meadow is
to 1 mile wide.
skirted in many places by a narrow
plain, succeeded by the mountainous regions, covering the whole E.
and N. divisions of the town. The
soil, except along the river, is rocky,
The Peaks,
gravelly and cold.
tvv'o mountains of a conical form,
situated in the S. E. part of the
town, are seen at a great distance.
They are discovered immediately
on entering Dalton, 30 miles below,
and stand as land marks in front or
to the right, till, on nearer approach,
they are lost beliind the intervening
hills.
Bog brook and several smaller streams, here fall into the Connecticut; and Nash's stream crosses the S. E. part of the town into
There is a pond
the Amonoosuck.
in the S, E. part of the tovv^n, the
waters of v.'hich pass into the AmoStratford was incorporanoosuck.
Population, in 1830,
ted in 1779.
443.
Thomas Burnsidc,
of this town,
one of Rogers' Rangers in the
Some years afterFrench war.
wards, he was desirous of becoming
w^as
peace.
He procured Colonel Barr to assist his views,
and carrying with him, by his dia justice of the
rection, as a present, a firkin of
butter and a piece of linen, waited
upon Gov. Went worth, at Ports-
mouth.
He
stated to
tlie
governor
�NEW ENGLAND
GAZETTEER.
He was a brave and good
an ardent patriot, and in his
various public and private relations,
sustained a character distinguished
for integrity, benevolence and vir-
that the inhahitants of his town
could not live peaceably any longer
without a magistrate.
The governor enquired how many inhabitants
belonged to the town, and who was
the fittest man for the office. Thom-
in 1711.
answered that himself and his
neighbor were the only inhabitants,
a skirmish
as
and himself the only man qualified
for the appointment; for his neighbor was no more fit for a justice of
the peace than the d
1 was.
The
governor gave him his commission,
and was highly amused with the
singularity of the application.
Stratford, Ct.
Fairfield co. This town was first
settled in 1639, by persons from
Boston,
Roxbury
Mass. and
Indian
and Concord,
Wethersfield, Ct.
Its
name was Cupheag.
is
about 6 miles in
length from north to south, and its
breadth from east to west is between 2 and 3 miles. It is bounded north by Huntington, west by
Trumbull and Biidgeport, east by
the Housatonick, dividing it from
Milford, and south by Long Island
Sound.
The central part of the
town is 13 miles S. W. from NewHaven, and 8 E. by N. from Fairfield.
The township is mostly level
and free from stone, and there is a
Stratford
very rich alluvial tract of meadows on the river and harbor. The
principal street in the town, is one
mile in length, running north and
south, parallel to the Housatonick;
it is level, pleasant, and ornament-
ed with shade trees. On this street,
and others, in the immediate vicinity, there are about 200 dwelling houses, and 4 houses for public worship.
This place lies at the mouth of
Housatonick river, and has considerable inland and coasting trade.
Stratford Point, jutting out into
the Sound, is very pleasant, and a
noted landing place for passengers.
Gen.
David Wooster, was
native of this town, and
a
was born
officer,
tue.
He was
mortally
wounded
in
with the British troops,
the time of their incursion to
at
Danbury, in 1777.
Stratliaiii,
Rockingham CO.
N. K.
This town
lies
39
miles S. E. by E. from Concord, 3 E.
N. E. from Exeter, and is situated
on the E. side of the W. branch of
the Piscataqua river.
Stratham is
distant about 8 miles from the sea.
The land is even, and well calculated
for agricultural
purposes.
Farming is so exclusively the employment of the people, that although a navigable river adjoins it,
there is little attention given to any
other pursuit.
In the east part ot
the town, in a swamp, is perhaps
the largest repository of peat in the
state.
This town was a part of the
Squamscot patent, or Hilton's purIt was
made a town by
chase.
charter, P/Iarch 20, 1716.
Population, in 1830, 838.
Strattoii, Vt.
Windham
A
co.
mountainous
township in the west part of the
county, 18 miles N. E. from Bennington, and 22 N. W. from Brattleborough.
Branches of Deerfield
and Winhall ]-ivers rise here from
two ponds. The soil is cold and
generally unprofitable.
Population, 1830, 312.
Strong, Me.
Franklin co.
This excellent
township lies on both sides of Sandy
river, 45 miles N. Vi. from Augusta, and bounded South by FarmingPopulation, in 1837, 1,091.
is a large body of intervale
land on the Sandy, very fertile and
Strong
contains
productive.
a
pleasant and flourishing village,
some mills on the stream, and sevton.
There
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
The
eral very beautiful ponds.
able water privileges.
ter's
generally a warm loam and productive the surface is elevated, and, in
the centre of the town, mountainous.
There are about 5,500 sheep
in the town.
Sudbury is 43 miles
S. W. from Montpelier, 47 S. by E.
from Burlington, and 17 N. W. from
Rutland. Population, 1830, 812.
In Porpond, about two miles long,
a salmon trout was taken, which
weighed twenty seven and a half
pounds.
Strong was incorporated in 1801,
and named in honor of Caleb
Stroxg, LL. D., formerly a
Senator
to
Congress, from
Ptlassa-
soil is
:
chusetts, and Governor of that state
He died at Northampton,
9 years.
Mass., his native town, Nov. 7,
1819, aged 74 years.
Sudbury River, Mass.
This river rises in Hopkinton
and its neighborhood, and after
passing Franiingham, Natick, SudSturtoridge, 3Isss.
bury, V» aylond and Lincoln, it
Worcester co. This is a very joins the Assabet at Concord.
pleasant town, and is well watered
by Quinebaug
W.
W.
W.
Sudbury, Mass.
river.
It
lies
(JO
This ancient
Middlesex co.
town is situated on the west side
porated, 173S.
Population, 1830, of a river of the same name, 19
1,688 1837, 2,004. The surface of miles W. by N. from Boston, and
Populathe town is uneven and hilly, and 8 S. W. from Concord.
It is watered by
the soil hard to subdue
but it has tion, 1837, 1,388.
become productive by good man- a small stream, a branch of Sudbuagement. There are some good ry river. There is a paper mill
in the town, a plough factory, and
tish ponds in the town, which serve
to swell the Quinebaug.
There manufactuies of boots and shoes*
miles
18 S.
S.
from
from Boston, and
Worcester. Incor-
;
;
are 6 cotton mills in Sturbridge and
manufactures of boots, shoes, leather, chairs, cabinet ware, clothing,
palm-leaf hats, trunks harnesses,
chairs, wagons, sleighs and pocket
rifles; total value, the
April
year ending
1837, $182,415.
1,
Success, N.
Coos
CO.
siderable
II.
There are several conmoun^aius in
this tract,
and two or three ponds. Narmarcungawack and Live rivers rise
here, and pass westerly into the
Androscoggin. Success was granted Feb. 12, 1773, to Benjamin
Mackay and others
and is 143
miles N. by E. from Concord. Pop;
ulation, 1830, 14.
Sudbury, Vt.
Rutland co. A part of Hubbardston, and Hinkum's ponds lie in this
town, neither of which, nor Otter
Creek, which passes through the
eastern part, produce any consider-
annual value about
Sudbury was
,'j?20,000.
1635.
1676, about 70 men, on theii
march for the relief of Marlbotirst settled in
In
rough, fell into an ambuscade with
the Indians: twenty six of the English were ]eft dead on the field ;
the residue were captured, and many of them afterwards tortured and
slain.
is
a
West of Sudbury causeway,
monument erected to their
memory, by president Wadsworth,
Harvard College, a son of the
of
Captain of the Band.
Suffield, Ct.
Suffield lies on the
Hartford co.
west side of Connecticut river, and
is bounded N. by Massachusetts, to
which state it was attached until
This territory, 8 by 5 miles,
1752.
was purchased about the year 1670,
of two Indian Chiefs, for one hun-
The surface on the
banks of the river, are elevated,
and althoush the town is without
dred dollars.
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
much alluvial meadow, the soil being of a strong deep loam, is very
Suffield
fertile, and
productive.
contains some of the best farms in
the state.
It lies 16 miles N. from
Hartford, and 10 S. from SpringPopulation 1S30, 2,690.
field.
The principal village is pleasantly located on rising ground it
contains many handsome buildings ;
it is the site of the " Connecticut
Literary Institution," and commands delightful views of the river and circumjacent country.
GiDEo^r Granger, post master
general of the United States from
1801 to 1814, was born in Suffield,
He died at Caaandaigua,
in 1767.
N. Y., in 1822.
Oliver Phelps, Esq., " a man
of extraordinary enterprise and extensive business, was for many
He
years a resident of this tov/n.
was the 'maker of his own fortunes.'
He was a native of Windsor, but
;
was bred
in this
town, and received
He ena mercantile education.
gaged in business in Granville,
Mass., and soon became a very enterprising, sagacious and successful
During the revolutionary
trader.
war, he was employed by the state
of Massachusetts, in the commisWhilst in this
sary department.
situation, his transactions were of
a most extensive and responsible
nature, and his own paper formed
Afa kind of circulating medium.
terwards he purchased a large esIn
tate, and returned to this town.
1789, he, in connection with the
Hon. Mr. Gorham, purchased of
the commonwealth of Massachusetts, a tract of land in the western
part of the state of
York, in
what is commonly called the Genesee country, comprising 2,200,000
This is probably the greatacres.
est land purchase, or speculation,
ever made by two individuals in the
United States. This is a very excellent tract of land, having a mild
climate, and fertile soil, and an
abundance of waters, and is now
New
comprised in the extensive counties
and Steuben. In 1795,
Mr. Phelps, together with William
Hart and their associates, purchas
ed of Connecticut, the tract of land
in the state of Ohio, called the
Western Reserve, comprising 3,300,000 acres."
of Ontario
SiifFolk: CoTiiiity,
Mass.
See Boston and Chelsea.
Sugar
R,ivcr, W.
H.
This river originates from Sunapee Lake it passes through part of
Wendell, the whole of Newport,
and nearly through the centie of
Claremont, where it meets the Con;
Red
necticut.
Claremont,
is a
Water brook, in
tributary of Sugar
river.
Sullivan, Me.
Hancock co.
This
maritime
town is situated at the head of
Frenchman's bay, 93 miles E. from
Augusta, and 17 E. by S. from
Ellsworth.
Population "l837, 611.
Sullivan has mill privileges, and is
finely located for ship building, and
other branches of business connected with navigation.
This town was incorporated in
1789, and received its name in honor of John Sullivan, LL. D.,
a major general in the revolutionary war ; afterwards member of
congress, president of New Hampshire, and district Judge of the U.
He was born in Maine,
S. Court.
and died in New Hampshire, 1795.
James Sullivan, LL. D., a
brother of Gen. Sullivan, was born
He early esat Berwick, in 1744.
poused the cause of his country,
and sustained the officesof member
of the provincial congress, attorney
general and governor of Massachusetts, with great talents and faithfulness.
He died
while governor, in 1S08,
at a period of great political excite-
ment, honored and beloved by
parties.
all
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
Sullivan County, X. H.
JVewport, chief town.
This
county is bounded N. by Grafton
county, E. by Memmack and a part
of Hillsborough counties, S. by
Cheshire county, and W. by Connecticut river, or the state of Vermont. It was taken from Cheshire
county in 1827, and contains an
area of about 533 square miles.
PopulaPopulation, 1830, 19,687.
The surtion to a square mile, 37.
face of the county is elevated, but
not mountainous: Croydon mounthe highest.
Along the streanis,
tain
is
particularly
on Connecticut river, the soil is
rich and exceedingly productive.
The uplands produce good grain,
and afford excellent pasturage for
which many are reared
market. Although this is the
smallest county in the state; in 1837,
it had 71,076 sheep, whose wool,
cattle, of
for
being partly Saxony, would average as good as full blood Merino.
Besides the Connecticut, which
waters its whole western frontier,
the Ashuelot,Cold, Sugar, Little Sugar rivers, and other streams furnish
the county with an abundant water
power, and Sunapee Lake and numerous ponds give beauty to its
otherwise varied and picturesque
scenery.
Augusta, and 8 N.
IS.
H.
Paris
name from
Sumjver, who was
Increase
governor of Massachusetts in 1798,
when
was incorporated.
the town
Gov. Sumner was a native of Roxbury, Mass. He died in 1799, aged
52 years.
Sunajjee
This lake
ILalce,
N. H.
W.
the
situated in
is
part of Merrimack county, and the
E. part of Sullivan, in the towns of
Wendell,
New
London and New-
bury.
It is 9 miles long, and about
Its outlet is
1 1-2 miles in width.
on the W. side through Sugar river.
The waters
more than 800
of this
feet
lake are
higher than the
Connecticut or Merrimack,
at the
nearest points.
Suucook River, N. H.
This river rises in a pond beGilmanton and Gilford, near
the summit of one of the Suncook
mountains, elevated 900 feet above
its base.
The water from this pond
passes through two others at the
foot of the mountains, and thence
through a flourishing village in the
S. E. part of Gilmanton, into Barntv,'een
stead, where it receives several
tributaries; thence through Pittsfield
Sullivan,
from
Population, 1837,1,190.
This town derived its
and Epsom, and between Aland Pembroke, into the
lensiovvn
Merrimack.
Cheshire
Keene
co.
The
distance from
6 miles, from Concord, 42
The S. E. part of this
S.
town is watered by Ashiielot river.
This town was incorporated in 1787,
and received its name from President Sullivan, the chief magistrate
Population in
of N. H. that year.
1830, 555.
W.
Suuderlanfl, Vt.
is
W.
Sumner, Me.
Oxford CO. Thi"s town is well
watered by a branch of Androscoggin river it has a fine soil, and
produced in 1837, 7,144 bushels of
wheat. It lies 44 miles W. from
Bennington
first
S. S.
co.
This town was
settled in 1765. It lies 87 miles
W. from
Montpelier, and
15
N. by E. from Bennington. Poputhe town is
lation, 1830, 463.
watered by several ponds. Battenkill river and Roaring brook. There
some
fine land along the streams,
Sunderland, excellent mill sites,
and lead ore in granular limestone.
is
in
Sunderland, Mass.
;
Franklin
co.
the east side
This town
lies
of Connecticut
on
riv-
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
er, 90 miles W. from Boston, and
9 S. b}"^ E. from Greenfield. It was
taken from Hadley in 1718. Population, 1S37, 729.
The settlement
in this town is principally on a
street running parallel
with the
river.
Between the street and the
river is a tract of fertile meadow
on the other side of the village is a
more elevated plain, and back of
that, Mount Toby rears its lofty
Surry, N. H.
This town lies 54
Concord, and 6
N. W. from Keene.
It is watered
by Ashuelot liver, on which there
Cheshire
miles
S.
oo.
W. from
a tract of valuable meadow
land, extending almost the whole
is
:
This mountain
front.
is
composed
of pudding stone, and the small
stones within it are round and
smooth as though washed by the
ocean they are of various sizes,
and of every color. On one side is
a cavern 60 feet deep ; and many
other ruptures seem to indicate some
great change in this mountain since
its formation.
This village is very
pleasant, and the scenery around it
is of a fascinating character.
The
people here are good farmers, and
are noted for their good schools and
philanthropic disposition.
;
Sunkliaze; Me.
Sunkhaze stream meets
the Pefrom the east, about 15
miles above Old Town village, in
Orono. The plantation of Sunkhaze lies on this stream, 82 miles
N. E. from Augusta. The popula-
nobscot,
tion of the plantation, in 1830,
was
250.
Surry, Me.
Hancock
W.
side of
co.
Surry
Union
lies
on the
river, 6 miles S.
Irom Ellsworth, and 87 E. by N.
from Augusta.
This town is accommodated with
navigable privileges, and water
power
There
of superior excellence.
are some manufactures in
the town, but the inhabitants are
generally independent farmers.
Many of the farms are rendered
very
fertile
by an inexhaustible bed
of shell marl, of a very fine qualIncorporated, 1803.
ity.
Population, 1830, 561; 1837, 735.
length of the town.
On
the east
Ashuelot river is a steep
and high mountain, on the summit
of which is a pond of about 3 acres
in extent, and about 25 feet depth
side
of
of water.
Surry was originally a part of
Gilsum and Westmoreland. It was
incorporated in 1769, deriving its
name from *SMrry in England. The
first settlement was made in 1764,
by Peter Hayward.
Population,
1830, 539.
Sutton,
]V.
H.
Merrimack co.
This town lies
25 miles W. N. W. from Concord.
The southerly and largest branch
of Warner river enters this town on
the south, runs a short distance,
and passes off into Warner again.
The northerly branch of this river
runs nearly through the centre of
the town from north to south, and
affords several good mill seats. Stevens' brook, another considerable
branch of Warner river, has its
source on the W. side of Kearsai-ge,
and runs about 4 miles in this town,
in a S. E. direction.
There is also
a large
branch of Blackwater
which has
riv-
source about the
western confines of Kearsarge, and
flows through this town in a N.
On the
E. course about 3 miles.
margin of this stream, there is some
er,
rich
its
meadow and
intervale
land.
There are several ponds, the most
important of which are Kezar's
pond, situated towards the N. part
of the town, which is about 190
rods square ; and Long pond, situated at the south part of the town.
Kearsarge mountain extends more
than half the length of Sutton ou
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
the E. side.
King's Hill is situated
on the W. part of Sutton. On the
most elevated part of this hill, which
rises within a few feet as high as
Kearsarge, there is one of the most
extensive landscape views in the
country.
On the W. is seen the
Sunapee lake, the Ascutney, and
highlands in Vermont to the Green
mountains; on the S. the Sunapee
and Monadnock
on the E. you
almost overlook Kearsarge, and on
the north the Cardigan and White
;
hills.
Sutton was granted in 1749.
It
called Perrys-toion, from Obatliah Perry, one of its Oi-iaiual and
was
principal
The
proprietors.
tirst
settlement was made in 1767. Population, 1S30, 1,424.
On the W. bank of Kezar's pond,
were several acres of land, which
fippeared to have been cleared of
their original forests.
Here were
found several Indian hearths, laid
with stone, and with much skill and
ingenuity.
Indian burial
Here was found an
Gun
barrels
and arrows have been found
in this
place.
sacred repository.
Near the pond,
have been found stone pestles, mortars
and tomahawks.
Sutton, Vt.
Caledonia CO.
This town
is
wa-
by
several ponds and by
hranches of Passumpsic river.
It
lies IS miles N. E. from Montpelier. and 13 N. from Danville. First
settled, 1791.
Population, 1830,
1,005.
7'he surface of the town is level,
and in some parts so low as to render the soil cold and unproductered
tive.
Sutton, Mass.
Worcester co.
This is a very
pleasant and flourishing town, 44
miles W. by S. from Boston, and 9
S. by E. from Worcester.
Incorporated, 1715.
Population, 1830,
2,186; 1837, 2,457.
Sutton is watered bv BUickstone
05*
river, and the Blackstone canal
passes through the town.
There
are in the town four cotton and two
woolen mills, two scythe factories,
and manufactures of boots, shoes,
shuttles and spindles: total
year
$309,578.
the
ending April
1,
value,
1837,
The surface of the town is agreeably diversified, and the soil capable of producing good crops. Granite and soapstone are abundant.
" Purgatory Cavern," in this town,
is a great curiosity.
It is a fissure
in gneiss, nearly half a mile long,
in most parts partially filled by the
masses of rock that have been deThe sides
tached from the walls.
are often perpendicular, and some
times 70 feet high being separated
from each other about 50 feet.
;
Swanzey, N. H.
Cheshire co.
This town lies 6
S. from Keene, and 60 S.
W. from Concord.
The principal
streams are the Ashuelot and the
South Branch rivers.
The former
passes through Swanzey in a S. W.
direction, and empties into the Connecticut at Hinsdale.
This is a
stream of much importance, and is
made navigable for boats as far up
as Keene, excepting a carrying
place about the rapids at WinchesThe South Branch unites
ter.
with the Ashuelot about one mile
north from the centre of the town.
The surface here is somewhat diversified with hills, valleys, and
swells of upland.
There is one
pond in the S. W. part of the town,
the source of the South Branch.
There is a mineral spring, the water of which is impregnated with
miles
sulphate of iron.
Some iron ore
has been discovered.
Here are 2
cotton factories, 1 cotton and woolen
factory, and other machinery.
Swanzey was
first
granted by
After the
run, it was
Massachusetts, in 1733.
divisional line was
granted in 1753, by
shire.
New Hamp-
Until that time
it
had been
�NEW ENGLAND
called
Indian
was
Lower Ashuelot, from the
name of the river, which
originally Ashaelock.
From 1741 to 1747, this town suffered much from Indian depredaSeveral of the inhabitants
tions.
and many were made
After Massachusetts
withdrew her protection, the settlers collected together their household furniture, such as chests, tables, iron and brass ware, and concealed it in the ground, covering
of concealment with
the place
leaves, trees, &c., and left their
were
killed
prisoners.
plantation to the disposition of the
Indians, who were not tardy in setting fire to their forts, which, with
every house except one, they reduced to ashes.
Most of the people went to their former places of
residence in Massachusetts.
They
returned about three years afterwards, and nothing about their former habitation Avas to be seen, but
ruin and desolation.
Population,
1830, 1,816.
Swanzey, Mass«
Bristol CO.
This town lies between Somerset, and Bristol, R. I.
An arm of Mount Hope bay sets
up some miles into the town, on
which is some navigation and ship
building.
There are two paper mills, a cotton and a woolen mill in the town,
and manufactures of vessels, boots
and shoes:
annual
value,
about
$50,000.
Swanzey
is a very pleasant town,
interesting as the scene of
much savage aggression. Here it
was that Philip commenced his war,
in 1675, by plunder and murder.
and
GAZETTEER.
on the east side of Lake
Champlain, opposite to North Hero
and Alburgh. It is 50 miles N. AV.
from Montpelier, 28 N. from Burlington, and is bounded by St. Albans on the south, and Highgate on
situated
Population, 1830, 2,158.
first settled by the
whites in 1787. At that time the
St. Francois Indians had about fifty
cabins here, and large plantations of
the north.
Swanton was
corn.
Missisque river passes through
Swanton, and fertilizes a considerable portion of its territory.
This
river
is
navigable for lake vessels to
falls, six miles from its
Swanton
mouth.
These
46 miles S. by W. from Boston, and 14 S. W. by S. from Taunton.
Incorporated, 1667.
Population, 1837, 1,627.
descend twen-
feet,
and an abundance of beautiful marThis marble is of various colors, and large quantities of it ig
ble.
wrought into all desired patterns,
polished, and transported.
The surface and soil of the town
is favorable to agricultural pursuits,
with the exception of a part bordering the lake, which is low, wet and
cold ; and which is the favorite
abode, in summer, of wild geese,
ducks and other water fowls.
The village of Swanton is pleasantly located, and is the site of a
number of manufactories, and of
an increasing trade from the interior
country, and to
New
York and
Canada.
of
Swanton may boast of the purity
its air and water, and of a Wal-
is
It lies
falls
and, with other smaller
streams, give to Swanton a water
power of great value.
Bog iron ore is found in this town,
ty
who
ter Scott,
died in 1815, aged
110 years.
Swanville, Me.
Waldo CO. This town lies 8 miles
N. from Belfast, and 46 E. by N.
It was incorporafrom Augusta.
It is watered by
ted in 1818.
Paasaggassawakeag lake and
Sivantoia, Vt.
river,
and possesses a pleasant surface and
Franklin
co.
This township
is
fertile soil.
Population, 1837, 794.
�—
NEW ENGLAND
Wheat
crop,
same year, 2,556 bush-
esque appearance.
The town lies
ridges and valleys, generally
rocky and fertile.
The princ-ipal
in
els.
Svredeu, Me.
rivers are
Oxford CO. The waters from Kezer pond in Lovell, pass through
this town, and give it mill privi-
Sweden
9 miles N. E.
from Fryeburg, 19 S.W. from Paris,
and 62 W. S. W. from Augusta.
Population, in
Incorporated, 181.3.
Wheat crop, same year,
1837, 621.
1,485 bushels.
leges.
GAZETTEER.
lies
S>vift Rivers.
Bearcamp, which passes
through the town in an easterly direction, and discharges its waters
Swift river,
Ossipee lake ;
rises near the N. W. corner
of the town, and passing through
its centre, mingles its waters with
into
which
the Bearcamp ; and Conway river,
proceeding from Conway pond, near
Albany ; and crossing the S. line
of Tamworth, near the S. E. corner
of the town, near which it empties
Swift river, in Maine, is a branch
of the Androscoggin, from the N.
These rivers unite at Mexico.
Swift river, in J\^ew Hampshire,
rises among the mountains in the
ungranted lands N. W. of Albany,
and passes through the town from
west to east with great rapidity, and
Its
falls into the Saco in Conway.
whole course is rapid, and in one
place it falls 30 feet in the distance
of 6 rods, through a channel in the
solid rock of about 12 feet wide
the sides being from 10 to 30 feet
At the upperpendicular height.
per part of these falls, are found
several circular holes worn perpendicularly into the rock, several feet
in depth and from 6 inches to 2 feet
in diameter. There is another small
river in Tamworth of the same
into
name.
Plymouth, Mass.,
Bearcamp
river.
By
these
and other small streams, the
town is uncommonly well watered.
On these streams is a great number
rivers,
Tamof excellent mill privileges.
worth was granted in 1766, and
Population,
was settled in 1771.
1830, 1,554.
Tariffville, Ct.
See Simsbury.
Taughkaunic Mountains.
This range of mountains skirt the
western border of New England,
and separate the waters of the
Housatonick and Hudson.
Taunton River.
This river rises in the county of
and falls into
Swift river, in Massachusetts, Mount Hope Bay. The Taunton
and its branches, water the towns
it
rises in a pond in New Salem
passes through the towns of Pres- of Abington, Hanson, Halifax, and
the Bridge waters,
cott, Greenwich and Belchertown, Plympton, all
and joins the Chickopee at Palmer. Raynham, Taunton, Berkley, Dighton, Freetown, Fall river, SomerTam^vortli, N. H.
It is navigable
set and Swansey.
This town is situa- to Taunton, for small vessels, and
Strafford co.
contemplated improveted on the post road from Concord with its
enabled
to Portland, about 58 miles from ments, steam boats will be
to run to Taunton, and thus become
each, and 30 N. from Gilford.
There is no mountain situated another channel of conveyance beOn the N. tween Boston and New York. This
wholly in this town.
mountains of Albany, and river is celebrated for the great and
are the
the S. the line crosses a part of Os- widely distributed water power it
The mountains to produces, and for the multitude of
sipee mountain.
the N. have a romantic and pictur- alewives within its waters.
:
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
founder was Miss Elizabeth Poole
following i* on her grave stone :
Tarnitou, Mass.
The
One
of the cliief towns in Bristol
This very beautiful town is situated at the junction of Canoe,
Rumfoi-d and Taunton rivers, and
possesses an excellent water power.
CO.
There
is
some excellent land in
town, and
this
proprietors display
much taste in its cultivation. The
business of the place is, however,
rather in manufactures than agriculture.
There are 8 cotton mills
and a print works, in the town ; also
a paper mill, 3 nail factories, a forge,
a furnace, and manufactures of
boots, shoes, leather, hats, chairs,
brick, vessels, straw bonnets, and
britannia, stone and cabinet wares
total value of the manufactures, the
year ending April 1, 1837, exclusive of cloth printing and iron castings, ^1,425,552.
The number of
hand.* employed in these manufactures was 1,308.
There is some
navigation owned in this town,
which is employed in the coastwise
trade, and domestic fishery.
The manufacture of britannia
ware at this place, is of recent origin in this country, and proves sucits
" Here rest the remains of Elizabeth
Poole, a native of Old England, of
good family, friends, and prospects,
all which she left in the prime of her
life, to enjoy the religion of her conscience, in this distant wilderness ; a
great proprietor of the township of
Taunton, a chief promoter of its settlement, and its incorporation in 1639
10 3 about wliich time she settled
near this spot, and having employed
the opportunity of her virgin state in
piety, liberality, and sanctity of manners, died May 21, 1G64, aged 65."
—
Temiscouata Lake, Me.
See
Madawaska
River.
Temple, Me.
This was formerly
Kennebec county. It lies
40 miles N. N. W. from Augusta,
and is bounded N. by Farmington.
PopIt was incorporated in 1803.
ulation, 1837, 871.
Wheat crop,
same year, 5,793 bushels.
Franklin co.
a part of
Temple,
Hillsborough
co.
'N.
H.
Temple
is
12
W. by S. from Amherst, and
manufactur- 40 S. S. W. from Concord. The
cessful.
The articles
ed, are tea sets, castors, urns, and
all the varieties of that description
of ware.
The quality of the metal,
and beauty of the polish of this
ware, is said to equal any imported from " Britannia."
The
village contains a large
num-
ber of handsome public and private
buildings, tastefully located around
a beautiful enclosure, called "Taunton Green."
This public walk
is ornamented
with trees, which
heightens the beauty of this de-
lightful village.
Taunton
is
32 miles
S.
from Bos-
by N. from Providence,
and 32 N. E. from Newport. A
rail road connects this town with
ton, 20 E.
Population, 1820, 4,520;
Boston.
1830, 6,042
1837, 7,647.
The settlement of this place commenced ia 1637.
Its principal
miles
several streams which empty inSoiihegan river at Wilton, rise
among the mountainous tracts on
the W., and generally from sources
within the limits of Temple. This
town is of considerable elevation.
The prospect towards the E. and S.
is very extensive, and presents a
rich and diversified scenery. From
the highest point of elevation, in a
clear atmosphes-e, about 20 meetinghouses may be seen by the naked
eye. The surface is uneven and
pleasant.
The soil is tolerably
good.
Temple is the easterly part
of what was called Peterborough
Slip.
It was incorporated in 1768.
Population, in 1830,641.
to
Templeton, Mass.
;
Worcester
co.
Several streams,
affording good mill seats, water this
�NEW ENGLAND
town, and pass to the Connecticut,
by Miller's and Chickopee rivers.
The surface of the town is uneven,
but not mountainous; the elevated
parts afford good pasturage, and the
excellent crops of grain
valleys,
and hay. Tlie manul'actures consist of woolen goods, boots, shoes,
leather, iron castings, shoveb, hoes,
spades, forks, palm leaf hats, chairs,
carriages, and cabinet, tin and wooden wares: value, the year ending
April 1, 1S37, $145,400. The village is very pleasantly located, and
presents some beautiful landscapes.
This town lies 60 miles W. N. W.
from Boston, and 26 N. N. W. from
Worcester.
Incorporated in 1762.
Population, 1837, 1,690.
Tewlisbury, Mass.
Middlesex
co.
The
Indians call-
Wamesit. It lies on
the south side of Merrimack river,
19 miles N. W. by W. from Boston,
ed
this place
and 6 E. S. E. from Lowell. Incorporated, 1734.
Population, 1337,
907.
The surface of the town is
level, and the soil light and sandy.
Tlxames River,
Ct.
This river is formed by the union
of Quinebaug, Shetucket and Yantic rivers, near Norwich, and is
navigable from that place to New
London, 14 miles. The banks of
this river are romantic and beautiful, and possess great interest, as
the residence of the once powerful,
noble hearted and brave Mohegans.
Thatch.er's Island, Mass.
See Gloucester.
Thetford, Vt.
Orange
town is pleasantly situated on tlie west side of
co.
Tl)is
an elevation, the base of which is
only 4 rods from Connecticut river,
and 100 feet in height. It is very
deep ; it has neither inlet or outlet,
and contains large quantities of
perch and other tish. The surface
of the town is generally rocky and
uneven; it has but little intervale,
but the soil is strong and productive.
It feeds between 7 and 8,000 sheep.
There are some manufactures
Mi branches, give the town an excellent water power.
There are
several ponds in Thetford, one of
which is worthy of notice. It covers about 9 acres, and is situated on
in
the town, a rich vein of galena, and
three neat villages.
Thetford was
first settled in 1761. It lies 34 miles
S. S. E. from Montpelier, and 18 S.
E. from Chelsea.
Population, in
1830, 2,113.
Tliomastou, Me.
Lincoln co. This is a very flourishing maritime town, situated between the western entrance of Penobscot Bay and St. Georges' river,
and comprises the celebrated peninsula of OwVs Head.
It lies 36
miles S. E. from Augusta, 37 E.
from Wiscasset, and is bounded N.
W. by AVarren. Incorporated, 1777.
Population, in 1820, 2,651; 1830,
4,221 ; 1837, 5,272.
Thomaston is the site of the State
prison, which is
located on the
bank of the St. George. The buildings occupy a plat of 10 acres, including a marble quarry ; they are
all of stone, and are surrounded by
a high stone wall.
The convicts
are principally employed in cutting
granite into various forms for building, and which, when prepared, is
transported by water.
The granite
is of an excellent quality, and is
found in large quantities on the
river.
Thomaston
is
a place of consider-
maritime commerce and ship
building; but the most important
able
to Lyme, business of its people,
The Ompomponoosuc and rying and burning of
Connecticut river,opposite
N. H.
GAZETTEER.
the quarlime, from
inexhaustible ledges of limestone
within its limits.
There are annually made at this place, no less than
350,000 casks of lime, the same in
quality and reputation as that preis
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
pared at Camden, 10 miles distant.
This manufacture, united with
those of granite and marble, give
employment
constant
number
'
of
men
Thomaston
is
to
a
large
a beautiful Atlantic
Tliompsoji, Ct.
This town lies 47
from Hartford, 14
N. from Brooklyn, 27 W. N. W.
from Providence, R. I., and 53 S.
W. from Boston. It is bounded N.
by Massachusetts, and E. by Rhode
Island.
It was formerly a part of
Killingly, and was first settled
about the year 1715. The surface
of the town is hilly, but not mounco.
miles E. N. E.
presents a pleasing vaelevations and valleys.
The soil is a gravelly loam, strong,
and productive of good crops of
corn and hay, and affords excellent
pasturage. French river meets the
Quinnebaug near the centre of the
town, and Five Mile river, issuing
from several ponds, waters the easttainous
riety of
:
it
These streams give
ern part.
to
the town a valuable water power,
and on their banks are the pleasant
and thriving villages of Masonsville,
Fishersville
and
Boston.
These are manufacturing villages,
and contain 10 cotton and woolen
mills, and a number of other manu-
New
.
This town
factures.
very pleasant
;
it
is
large,
contains a class
and mechanics.
The
population of Thompson, in 1837,
was about 4,100. The Indian name
of the place was Quinnetessett.
The plantations of the natives are
still apparent.
Tliorndilte, Me.
"N. II.,
Grafton co., is bounded N. by
Peeling and Lincoln, E. by ungranted land, S, by Campton, and W.by
Ellsworth and Peeling.
It is 12
miles N. from Plymouth, and 58 N.
by W. from Concord.
It is watered by Pemigewasset river, passing
through the town from N. to S., by
Mad river at the S. E. extremity,
and by several small brooks.
On
Mill brook, there is a cascade, at
which the water falls 7 feet in 2
rods, and then falls over a rock 42
feet perpendicular.
The intervales
on the Pemigewasset are productive.
There are many elevations,
but none distinguished
for a remarkable height.
Thornton was granted in 1763.
It was first settled in
1770.
Thornton was incorporated
in 1781.
Population, 1830, 1,049.
Tinmoutli, Vt.
Rutland co.
This town is sepafrom Wallingford by Otter
Creek.
Furnace brook rises from
a pond in the south part of the town,
and passing through Tinmouth and
Clarendon, falls into Otter Creek,
at Rutland.
This stream has been
rated
noted
a
The
in
is
for
great quantities of fish of
remarkable large
and
of enterprising and intelligent agriculturalists
Tliomtou,
and vessels.
town, and commands a great variety
of marine scenery.
Windham
ted in 1819. Population, 1837, 763.
Wheat crop, same year, 6,975
bushels.
size.
surface of the town
is
hilly,
some parts mountainous. There
some good land on the streams,
and a large portion of the high land
good for the pasturage of sheep,
of which between 3,000 and 4,000
are kept.
There are several quarries of beautiful marble in the town,
iron ore in abundance, and several
iron works.
Tinmouth was first
is
settled in 1770.
It lies
8 miles S.
Waldo CO. This is an agricultural from Rutland. Population, 1830,
town of pleasant surface and fertile 1,049.
soil, 59 miles N. E. from Augusta,
Tisbury, Blass.
and 17 N. W. from Belfast. It is
watered by a branch of Sebasticook
Dukes CO. Tisbury lies on the
Thorndike was incorpora- north side of Martha's Vineyard,
river.
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
and contains tho noted harbor of
This harbor is
large and safe, and of a sufficient
depth of water for the largest merchantmen.
It is much frequented
by vessels passing through Vineyard Sound particularly when the
winds are contrary.
From this
harbor, across the Sound, to Falmouth, on Cape Cod, is 6 miles.
A number of small vessels belong
to this place, and one of 33S tons
Is employed in the whale fishery.
There are some manufacture3 of
salt, boots, shoes, leather, and hats
"Holmes' Hole."
;
;
1S37, there were 2,655
sheep in the town.
Tisbury is 77 miles S. S. E. from
Boston, S W. from Edgarton, and
23 S. E. from New Bedford.
Incorporated, lo71. Population, 1S37,
and,
in
sachusetts until 1746. It is 24 miles
S. E. from Providence, and 13 N.
Population,
E. from Newport
1830, 2,905.
The captor of the British General Prescott, was a native of Tiver-
His name was Tak,
ton.
a slave,
the property of Thomas Sisson. a
" During the
wealthy farmer.
Revolution, Tak was sent by his
master into the army, to serve as a
substitute for another man who was
drafted.
When Col. Barton took
Gen. Prescott on Long Island, Tak
was one of Col. Barton's chosen
men and the one on whom he
;
most depended.
Having entered
the house where Gen. Prescott
was quartered, Col. Barton,
ed by Tak and two or three
proceeded silently
to
the
followothers,
door of
chamber where General Prescott was sleeping.
The colonel
the
1,461.
Tiverton, R.
I.
finding the door fastened, turned
Newport co. Tiverton is bounded N. and E. by Massachusetts, S.
by Little Compton, and W. by the
eastern passage into Mount Hope
and whispering to Tak,
I w;ish
that door opened, General Prescott
taken, and carried by tlie guard to
the boat, without the least noise or
and Narraganset bays.
It is connected with Portsmouth, on the island of Rhode Island, by a stone
bridge at a place called " Howland's Ferry."
disturbance.'
The
surface of the town is varied
and valleys. Its structure
is granite, and the land, in some
The soil is principarts, is stony.
pally a gravelly loam, and capable
There
of producing good crops.
are valuable forests of timber in
the town, and a considerable number of sheep.
The navigable privileges of Tiverton are of a superior kind
and
are improved, to some extent, in
the fishery, and foreign and domesThere are large ponds
tic trade.
in the town, well supplied with
by
hills
;
These ponds produce a water
power which is applied to the manfish.
ufacture of cotton and other mate-
" Tak stepped back two or three
paces,
then plunging violently
against the door, burst it open, and
rushed into the middle of the room.
At the same instant General Prescott sprang from his bed and seized
his gold watch, hanging upon the
wall.
Tak sprang upon him like a
tiger, and clasping the general in
his brawny arms, said in a low,
stern voice, 'One word, and you
area dead man!'
Then hastily
snatching the general's cloak and
wrapping it round his body, and at
same time telling his compan-
the
ions to take the rest of his clothes,
he took the general in his arms, as
if a child, and ran with him by the
guard towards the boat, followed by
Colonel Barton and the rest of his
company."
Tak was more than
little
six
feet in
height, well proportioned, and re-
rials.
This town was attached
'
to
Mas-
markable
for liis
shrewdness,
agil-
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
and strength.
He attained
great age, and was never known to
taste of any kind of meat.
ity
Tollancl, Mass.
Hampden
co. Tolland is situated
on the border cf Litchtield county,
Connecticut, and is watered by the
upper branch of Farmington river.
The
surface is elevated, but the
lands are finely adapted for graz-
ing.
There
town of
are manufactui-es in the
shovels, spades, forks,
hoes, and wooden ware ; and here
is a large tannery, but the inhabitants are chiefly farmers.
Tolland was incorporated in 1810.
Population, 1830, 570.
It lies 110
miles W. S. W. from Boston, and 20
W. from Springfield.
Tolland County,
Ct.
Tolland is the chief town. This
county was taken from Hartford
and Windham counties in 17S6. It
is bounded N. by Massachusetts,
E. by Windham, S. by New London, and W. by Hartford counties.
Its greatest length from N. to S. is
30 miles. It covers an area of 337
square miles.
Population, 1820,
14,330 1830, 18,700.
Inhabitants
to a square mile, 56.
The western part of the county
lays within the great valley of the
Connecticut
it is generally free
from stone, undulating, fertile and
productive
the eastern section is
within the granitic range which
extends through the state much
of this portion of the county is covered with forests; that part which is
cleared affords good grazing.
In
1837, there were in the county
23,096 sheep. The Scantic, Willimantic, Salmon, Hockanum and
Hop rivers, with their tributaries,
afford the county a good
water
power, and manufactures flourish
within its limits.
;
:
:
:
Tolland, Ct.
Shire town of Tolland county.
This town has a population of 1,700
inhabitants, and is situated on the
nearest mail route from Hartford to
Boston.
Its products are English
It congrain, grass, potatoes, Sec.
two small woolen manufactowith water power sutficient to
operate a greater number with corresponding machinery.
It lies 1.8
miles E. N. 11. from Hartford, 17
N. from Windham, 27 W. N. W.
from Brooklyn, and 30 N. from Norwich.
The land is rather sterile,
mountainous and uneven. The inhabitants are industrious and inteltains
ries,
ligent,
Topsiield, Me.
Washington co.
This township
was number eight in the second
range north of the Bingham Penobscot Purchase.
It was incorporated
We guess that
year 1838.
lies about 25 miles N. N.
E. from the mouth of MatawamWe should like to
keag River.
^•notfj " how the land lies."
See
" Down East."
in the
this
town
Topsiield, Mass.
Essex
CO.
This
is
a very pleas-
by Ipswich river
branches.
The surlace is
ant town, watered
and its
agreeably diversified by
hills
and
valleys. There are some fine tracts
of intervale in the town, and the
uplands possess a strong soil, ren-
dered productive by industrious and
farmers.
skilful
manufacture
is
The
that of
principal
boots and
shoes,in which between 500 and 600
hands are employed, making annually about $100,000 in value. This
town lies 21 miles N. by E. from
Boston, and 9 N. by W. from Salem.
Population, 1837, 1,049.
Topsfield was first settled about
the year 1642.
It was incorporated
in 1650.
Among the names of the
first settlers
were Peabody, Per-
Cummings, Bradstreet,
Gould, Town, Easty, Smith, and
Wildes many of whose deseeni,-
kins, Clark,
;
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
ants now cultivate the soil of their
progenitors.
menced
the kind,
Topsliatn, Me.
manufacture of brass
the
establishment of
believed, in the Uni-
kettles, the first
it is
ted States.
One of the shire towns of Lincoln
WolcottviUe owes its rise, prinCO.
Topsham is pleasantly situated cipally, to Oliver Wolcott,
on the N. side of Androscoggin riv- secretary of the United States
er, opposite to Brunswick.
This is
a good farming town, and, in common with Brunswick, enjoys a great
hydrauhc power, and accommodabuilding and naviga-
tions for ship
tion.
It
is
a place of considerable
trade, and mucli
ly shipped.
lumber
is
Topsham was
;
This town is on elewith a rocky, strong
adapted to grazing.
It contains much granite, and is watered
by the upper branches of Wait's
which propel a number of
The town was first settled
Population
in 1781.
1830, 1,384.
from j\Iontpelier, 47 N. from Windsor, and 15 N.
E. from Chelsea.
It is
19 miles S. E.
Torrington,
Litchfield
first settled in
diversified
the
soil is
by
co.
1737.
Middlesex co. The surface of
town is rather level some parts
this
Ct.
This town was
Its surface is
and valleys, and
better adapted to grazing
hills
than the culture of grain. There
are many sheep in the town, and
the products of the dairy are con-
productive,
trees.
south part of the
26 miles W. N. W. from
Hartford, 40 N. by W. from New
Haven, and 7 N. by E. from Litch;
This vilhigc is situated in a
and contains an extensive
woolen factory, a church, an academy, and a number of handsome
dwelling houses. Near this village,
a good bed of copper ore has recently been discovered
and ^Ir.
Israel Coe, the proprietor, has com-
field.
valley,
;
36
watered by
a
of
it is
fruit
branch
ot
"Townsend Harbor," on
wich. N. H.,
is
to
New
Ips-
an active, pleasant
The manufactures of this
consist of leather, palm-leaf
hats, boots, shoes, ploughs, straw
bonnets, fish barrels, nail kegs, and
village.
town
dry casks;
annual value,
about
This town was incorpo,^75,000.
rated in 1732.
Population, in 1830,
1
,506
;
1837,
1
,749.
It lies
38 miles
N. from Boston, and 22 N. W. from
Concord.
Toii'iislieutl, Vt.
Windham
first
town
gener-
some sections
the road from Groton
branches of Naugatuck river meet at WolcottviUe, a beautiful village, in the
soil is
particularly
It is
erations.
first
Two
The
the Nashua, a beautiful mill stream,
on which are divers mechanical op-
Population, 1830, 1,654.
siderable.
;
are pine plains.
ally light, but in
soil,
river,
mills.
To-ivnsencl, Mass.
in
Topsliani, Vt.
Orange co.
vated ground
;
annual-
incorporated
Population, 1837, 1,778.
1764.
Treasury, during the administrations of Washington and John Adams and governor of Connecticut
10 successive years.
He was born
at
Litchfield, and died in New
York, 1833, aged 74.
settled
co.
in
This tov.n was
1761.
Among
the
was Gen. Samuel
Fletcher, who was a sergeant at
the battle of Bunker Hill, in 1775,
settlers,
and a captain at Ticonderoga, in
1777.
He afterwards rose to the
rank of inrijor general of the militia
was high sherifTof the county
18 years, and finally became judge
of the court.
Lie was formerly a
blacksmith
but having welded
himself to a buxom lass, he came to
thi^-, then wilderness spot, and, with
his axe cut his way to fortune, usefulness and renown.
;
;
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
West
river passes
through the
town with considerable rapidity
along its banks are some tracts of
good intervale
but the surface of
is generally hilly, and the
soil more
calculated for grazing
than tillage. There are some manufactures in the town, a high school
of good reputation, and two pleas;
the town
ant villages.
Townshend lies 12
miles N. N. W. from Brattleborough, 23 N. E. from Bennington, 95 S. from Montpelier, and is
bounded S. by Newfane. Population, 1830, 1,38G.
was then called Montgomery, and
changed again in 1827, to its present name.
If these Trojans are
name of their town,
they are good farmers, and produced in 1837, 9,194 bushels of wheat.
The surface of the town is undulating and fertile
a large part of it is
covered with heavy timber. It is
watered by a branch of the Sebasticook, from
v/hich river it lies
about 6 miles S. E. It is 39 miles
N. E. from Augusta, and 25 N. W.
from Belfast. Population, in 1830,
803; 1837, 1,110.
fickle about the
;
Trenton, Me.
Hancock
Trenton
Troy, N.
11.
advantages
Cheshire co. This town is bounded N. by Marlborough, E. by Jaffrey, S. by Fitzwilliam, and W. by
Richmond and Swanzey.
It is
about 60 miles S. W. from Concord,
and 12 S. E. from Keene. The in-
large
habitants are principally agricultu-
co.
is
situated
on a navigable passage between
Frenchman's bay on the E., Union
river on the W., and N. of the island
town of Eden. It possesses great
and a
for navigation,
portion of its people is engaged in ship building, the coasting
trade and tishery.
Incorporated in
1789.
Population, in 1S37, 924.
Trenton is 7 miles S. by E. from
This town was taken from
Marlborough and Fitzwilliam, and
ralists.
incorporated in 1815.
Ellsworth.
Troy,
Ti-escott,
Washington
co.
Me.
This
is
an At-
and bounded N. E. by
comprises Moose cove,
Bailey's mistake and Haycock harbors, and is flourishing in its trade
lantic town,
Lubcc.
It
and navigation.
It was incorporated in 1827.
Population, in 1830,
480; 1837, 713.
Trout River, Vt.
Population,
in 1830, 676.
"Vt.
Orleans co. Troy lies 47 miles
N. from Montpelier, 51 N. E. from
Burlington, 11 N. N. W. from
Irasburgh, and is bounded N. by
Canada.
First
settled
Population, 1830, 608.
in
1800.
During the
war for "sailors' rights," most of
the inhabitants left the town, which
greatly retarded its growth.
It is
finely watered by Missisque river,
and its tributaries
the surface is
generally level, and the soil productive, particularly on the sides of
:
Franklin
co.
This river
is
form-
ed in Montgomery, by sevei-al
branches it runs in a N. W. direction and falls into the Missisque
on the border of Enosburgh and
Berkshire.
This is a good mill
stream, and with its tributaries, fertilizes considerable tracts of coun;
try.
Troy, Me.
Waldo
This territory was
from 1812 to 1826 it
CO.
called Joy
:
the streams.
The Falls on the Missisque, produce a great water power, and proThese falls
pel some machinery.
pass down a ledge of rocks about
70 feet.
rock projects over them,
120 feet in perpendicular height.
From this rock, the falls, the deep
still water in the gulph below, with
the romantic scenery around the
place, present a spectacle of great
A
�—
NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
to the curious traveller.
rocks here are chlorite, serpentine, "limestone, soapstone and
interest
The
mica
slate.
Trumljiill, Ct.
This territory was
Fairfield co.
formerly called North Stratford, and
was taken from Stratford and incorThis
porated as a town, in 1798.
is a small town of about 5 by 4 1-2
miles.
It lies 5 miles N. from the
It is watered
city of Bridgeport.
by the Pequannock which empties
The surinto Bridgeport harbor.
face is varied by hills and valleys
the soil is a gravelly loam, productive of good crops of grain and hay.
Population, 1830, 1,242.
Tamtashua hill, in the north part of the
town, is the first land seen, in this
direction, from the ocean.
men
of noble daring in all her enon the ocean. In 1837,
there were 63 vessels owned at
Truro, employed in the cod and
terprises
mackerel fishery, measuring 3,437
tons; the product of which, in one
year, was 16,950 quintals of cod
fish, and 15,750 barrels of mackerel,
valued
$145,350.
at
The
hands employed was
The value of salt manufac-
number
of
512.
tured, annually, is about $20,000.
There are also, manufactures of
palm-leaf hats, boots, shoes, &c.
No one would suppose that this
was much of a wool growing place ;
and it is not so in regard to the
quantity grown, but much so as it
In 1837, the
regards its means.
people of Truro sheared 400 sheep
If the sinof their own rearing.
gle county of Penobscot, in Maine,
would produce as much wool, in
Truro, Mass.
proportion to its territory and the
Barnstable co.
Truro lies on quality of its soil, as the town of
Cape Cod bay, between Welfleet Truro, there would be no cause of
and Provincetown ; it is nearly sur- strife about the tariff on wool or
for the quantity
rounded by water ; by Pamet riv- woolen cloths
er, which sets in from Cape Cod bay
would be sutficient to clothe all the
on the south, and by Cape Cod har- inhabitants on the globe.
Truro was
Truro was incorporated in 1709.
bor in Provincetown.
the Pamet of the Indians, and after It lies 41 miles below Barnstable,
and 106 from Boston, by land. Popits settlement, in 1700, was called
Dangerfield for some years. Pam- ulation, 1830, 1,.549 3 1837,1,806.
et river affords a good harbor for
Tiiftoiii>oroiigli, N. II.,
fishermen ; it lies about 5 miles S.
Strafford co., is about 50 miles E.
Provincetown harbor. There
E.from
by N. from Concord, situated on
is in this town, near the lighthouse,
a vast body of clay, called the " Clay the N. E. shore of Winnepisiogee
Pounds," which seems providen- lake ; bounded N. E. by Ossipee,
S. E. by Wolfeborough, S. W. and
tially placed, in the midst of sand
W. by the lake, and N. W. by Moul
hills, for the preservation of this
Although there tonborough.
part of the cape.
There are several ponds in this
is but little vegetation at Truro, and
the people are dependent almost en- town, together with many small
streams running into the lake.
tirely for their fuel, and most of
their food on other places ; yet there There are several arms of the lake
are but few towns in the state stretching far into the town, and
where the people are more flour- presenting to the spectator, from the
ishing, and independent in their elevated parts of the town, a succircumstances.
To such towns as cession of beautiful views.
Tuftonborough was originallythis old Massachusetts looks with
pride for one of her chief resourc- granted to J. Tufton Mason, and
It was
es of wezdth the fishery ; and for took its name from him.
:
—
—
"
;
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
settled about 17S0, and incorporated
Population, 1830, 1,375.
in 1795.
Tunbriclge, Vt.
Orange
co.
A branch
of
White
river passes through this town, on
are mills of various kinds.
The soil is generally a rich loam
on the stream the intervale land is
extensive and valuable.
In some
parts of the town the surface is elevated.
Tunbridge contains a medicinal
spring of some notoriety in cutaneous diseases.
Considerable quantities of the products of the farms
are sent to market.
Many sheep
are reared
in 1837, the number in
the town was 8,260.
which
:
;
Tunbridge was
first
settled in
26 miles S. by E. from
Montpelier, 7 S. from Chelsea, and
SO N. by W. from Windsor. Popu1776.
It is
from Lowell, and 29 N.
W.
Incorporated, 1789.
ulation, 1837, 870.
Boston.
from
Pop-
The river here is wide, placid,
and majestic, and adds much to the
beauty of the place. There is not
much water power in the town, and
the soil is light and sandy.
Large
quantities of granite are quarried
here, hammered and fitted for various uses, and taken down the river.
Here are also manufactures of
brushes, barrels, boots and shoes.
Tyriiigliam, Mass.
Berkshire co. There are several
ponds in this town, from which issues a branch of Housatonick river.
Tyringham lies 125 miles W.
from Boston, 14 S. E. from Lenox,
and 35 E. from Hudson, N. Y. Incorporated, 1762.
Population, in
18.37, 1,288.
The manufactures
lation, 1830, 1,920.
Oxford CO.
A tributary of the
Androscoggin meets that river in
this town, and finely waters it. The
soil of Turner is good, and its surface pleasant.
There are a number of thriving villages in the
town: there is considerable trade,
and some manufactures; but the
business of the people
is
of the town
of paper, iron castings,
boots, shoes, leather, forks, rakes,
palm-leaf hats, chair stuff, and
wooden ware annual value, about
consist
Tursier, Me.
generally
agricultural.
Turner was incorporated
in 1786.
38 miles W. S. W. from Augusta, and 14 E. from Paris.
Population, 1830, 2,218; 1837, 2,435.
Wheat crop, in 1837, 7,081 bushIt is
els.
Turtle Kiver, Me,,
:
$35,000.
The surface of the town is uneven, and in some parts mountain" Hop Brook Valley," is a
ous.
beautiful and romantic spot. There
is
a society of
ringham.
"Shakers"
in
Ty-
See Canterbury JV. H.
,
Umlbagog Lake,
body of water, situathe state of Maine,
and extending about 300 rods in
width along the east of the townships of Errol and Cambridge, in
New Hampshire. This lake is very
imperfectly known is said to be
about 18 miles long, and in some
being but little inparts 10 wide
ferior to the Winnepisiogee, in exIts outlet is on
tent and beauty.
the west side, in Errol, its waters
flowing into the Androscoggin.
Is a large
ted mostly in
;
Or the Meriumpticook, a branch
of St. John's river, which empties
about 7 miles S. W. from the mouth
of the Madawaska.
Tyngsljorougii, Mass.
Middlesex co.
This is a pleastown on both sides of Merri-
ant
mack
river, 8 miles
N. W. by W.
;
Uncouoonook Mountain, N. H*
See Goffstown,
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
Undeihill, Vt.
co. The head branchBrown's river water this town.
The surface is hilly and broken,
and the soil hard but tolerable for
sheep, of which a considerable
Chittenden
es of
;
number
are reared.
was
Underbill
first
settled
in
1786.
It lies 15 miles N. E. from
Burlington, and 26 N. W. from
Population, in ISSO,
Montpelier.
1,052.
Uuioii River, Me.
Hancock
co.
The head
waters
of this river proceed within a few
aiiiles from the Passadumkeag.
It
flows south through tlie towns of
Hampton, Amherst,
and Mariameets the tide water at
Ellsworth, and passes to the ocean
by Blue Hill bay.
This stream
has numerous tributaries, the recipville
:
ients of a great number of ponds,
are scattered over the interior parts of the county.
This
beautiful river is in some parts
gentle and fertilizing, in other parts
rapid, producing a valuable
for
Ellsworth,
mills.
is
between
water
length, from
Its
forty
and
fifty
miles.
Union, Me.
Lincoln
This pleasant and
town is watered by
Muscongus and St. George rivers,
and by several beautiful ponds.
co.
flourishing
The
soil is fertile, and the surface
generally swelling.
Union was incorporated in 1786.
It is 28 miles S. E. from Augusta,
and 7 N. by W. from Warren. Population, 1837, 1,750.
Wheat crop,
same year, 4,249 bushels.
Union,
Tolland
Union
1734.
It is
First settled, 1727.
Stafford, and is 33
bounded W. by
miles N. E. from Hartford, and 14
Population,
N. E. from Tolland.
1830, 711.
Unity, Me.
Waldo
This
CO.
is
a flourishing
farming town, 33 miles N. E. from
Augus"ta, 22 W. S. W. from Be.
fast, and bounded S. W. by Albion.
It is well watered by a branch of
Sebasticook river, which passes N.
W., about 9 miles distant.
Unity was incorporated
in 1804.
Wheat
1837, 1,520.
crop, same year, 11,099 bushels.
Population,
it
which
power
A branch of
Quinnebaug river.
the Natchaug also rises here.
The town was incorporated in
co.
€t.
The
surface
of
hilly,
Breakneck
ponds,
lying
in
this
town, are the principal sources of
36=*
This town
is
bound-
ed N. by Claremont and Newport,
E. by Goshen, S. by Lempster and
Acworth, and W. by Charlestown.
It is 43 miles W. by N. from Concord, and 9 S. from Newport.
Little Sugar river has its source
in Whortleberry pond and Beaver
meadow,
in
the
N.
part of the
town, passes through its centre,
and empties itself into the Connecticut at Charlestown.
Cold pond,
the head of Cold river, is partly in
this town.
From Gilman's pond,
in the E. part of Unity, proceeds
a branch of Sugar river, flowing
through Newport. Perry's mountain is in the S. W. part, and partly
in Charlestown.
Unity is an uneven township, but
the soil is highly favorable for
grazing.
few towns
It is
excellent for flax,
in the
state
producing
a greater quantity.
It
Unity was granted in 1764.
from the happy
termination of a dispute which had
w^as called Unity,
with a hard and unproductive soil.
Mashapaug and
is
Unity, N. H.
Sullivan CO.
long subsisted between certain of
the inhabitants of Kingston and
Hampstead, claiming the same tract
of land under two different grants.
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
The
settlement was made in
Population, 1830, 1,258.
first
1769.
Upton, Mass.
ton,in 1735.
The
surface of the
plain land, and partly rough
and hilly, with a strong soil capable
of yielding good crops of grain and
hay.
Much attention has been
paid to fruit trees in this town, and
many fine orchards of various kinds
of fruit have been the result. West
river, a branch of the Blackstone,
rises from a pond in Upton, and
furnishes a power for a number of
mills.
The manufactures consist
of woolen goods, boots, shoes, leather, straw bonnets, sashes and blinds
is
annual value, about $175,000.
This pleasant town lies 35 miles
W. S. W. from Boston, and 15 S. E.
from Worcester.
Population, in
Uxbridge, Mass.
delightfully situated, in valleys sur-
rounded by picturesque elevations.
There are 5 woolen and 3 cotton
mills in the town, and manufactures
of yarn, straw bonnets, boots, shoes,
leather, chairs, cabinet and tin
wares total value, the year endingApril 1, 1S37, $402,450.
Uxbridge was formerly a part of
Mendon.
It was incorporated in
1727.
Population, 1830, 2,086;
1837, 2,246.
Iron ore is found
here, and an abundance of beauti:
ful granite.
co.
is
the other of the Kennebec.
This is a place of considerable
interior trade, and business on the
river.
Vessels of considerable burthen pass to the ocean from Vassalborough, by means of the Ken-
nebec Dam.
The valleys are very pleasant
and the surface and soil of the town
varied and fertile.
Vassalborough
was incorporated in 1771. Population,
1837,
2,929.
Wheat
crop,
same year, 10,272 bushels.
Vergennes, Vt.
Addison
settled
in
co.
Vergennes was fi' jt
The
1766.
territory,
It lies
12 miles
N. W.from Middlebury and 21 S.
by E. from Burlington. Population,
1830, 999.
Vergennes is beautifully located on Otter creek, at the
falls on that stream, and is 7 miles
from Lake Champlain. Otter creek,
at this place, is about 500 feet wide,
and, at the falls, is separated bj' two
islands, which form 3 distinct falls,
of 37 feet.
These falls produce a
great hydraulic power, rendered
more valuable by being situated in
the heart of a fertile country, and
on the navigable waters of the lake.
The creek or river, between the
city and the lake, is crooked, but
navigable for the largest lake vessels.
During the late war, this was
an important depot on the lake.
Here was fitted out the squadron
commanded by
the gallant
McDo-
nough, who met the British fleet
otf Pittsburgh, N. Y. on the 11th
of September, 1814, and made it
his.
Me.
This
miles
There
are several large and beautiful
ponds in the town, from which issue two excellent mill streams
one a branch of the Sebasticook,
privileges in 1788.
Worcester co.
This very handsome and flourishing town lies 40
miles S. W. from Boston, 17 S. by
E. from Worcester, and 24 N. N.
W. from Providence, R. I. It receives an excellent water power
from Mum ford and West rivers,
and the Blackstone canal passes
through it.
The manufacturing villages are
Kennebec
river, 12
which comprises an area of 480 by
400 rods, was invested with city
1830, 1,155; 1837, 1,451.
Vassallijoroiigli,
Kennebec
N. by E. from Augusta.
Worcester co. Upton was taken
from Mendon, Sutton and Hopkin-
town
and flourishing town on the east
side of
This
a large
for ship
a very favorable position
building it now possesses
is
:
�NEW ENGLAND
important manufactories and considAlthough the terrierable trade.
tory of this city
is
quite small,
its
GAZETTEER.
peculiarly favorable location, and
the enterprise of its people, warrant
it a great degree of prosperity.
VERMONT.
The
people of the territory
now
called the state of
Vermont, having
been connected with New York, and having experienced great dissatisfaction with their connexion with that state, assembled in convention and
on the 15th of January, 1777, declared themselves independent, and
ganized a government
The hardy
for
mountaineers,
who had become
impatient under their con-
nexion with and dependence on the great state of
ance of their
own
Some
of
Their government
tive,
New
York, in pursu-
peculiar views of the rights and duties of a free and
independent people, adopted
constitution.
or-
themselves.
many
them
singular and peculiar provisions in their
are herein stated.
consists of three parts
;
the legislative, the execu-
and the judicial.
The Supreme
tatives,
Legislature consists of a Senate and
chosen annually by the freemen of the
day of September.
The
House
state,
of Represen-
on the
Senate consists of 30 members
;
first
Tues-
each county
being, entitled to at least one, and the remainder to be apportioned accord-
ing to
population.
The House
of
Representatives
is
composed of
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
member from each
one
age
The
town.
and the Lieutenant Governor
;
Senators are to be thirty years of
is ex-officio
President of the Senate.
The body so chosen is called The General Assembly of the
State of Vermont. The General Assembly meets annually on the
second Tuesday of October. They hav^e power to choose their own officers, to meet on their own adjournments, to terminate their sessions at
pleasure
And,
to
;
enact laws, grant charters, to impeach state criminals, &.c.
with the council, they annually elect the Justices of
in conjunction
the Supreme, County and Probate Courts
;
also the Sheriffs,
High
Bailiffs,
when occasion requires, they elect MaThe General Assembly have full and am-
Justices of the Peace, &c.; and,
jors and Brigadiers General.
ple legislative powers, but they cannot change the constitution.
The supreme
executive power
is
vested in a Governor, Lieutenant
Governor, and twelve Counsellors, chosen annually by the people on the
They meet at the same time with the
first Tuesday of September.
General Assembly, prepare and lay before them the business apparently
necessary
;
examine the laws
in the progress of legislation, and approve
amendments. They cannot negative
Assembly, but can suspend the operation of any
They commission all
act till the next annual meeting of the Assembly.
have power to grant
officers; sit as judges in all cases of impeachment
or disapprove of them, and propose
act of the General
any
;
pardons and remit fines in
treason, in
which
all
cases, excepting in cases of
cases they can grant reprieves
session, and excepting also cases of
bargoes for thirty days,
when
The General Assembly,
cil,
till
They may
impeachment.
the assembly
is
murder and
the next legislative
lay
em-
not in session.
meeting with the Governor and Coun-
in joint
annually elect the Judges, Justices of the Peace, Sheriffs,
High
Bai-
&c.
liffs,
The Governor
unless
by advice
is
command in person,
The Lieutenant Governor is Lieuten-
Captain-General, but he cannot
of
his council.
ant General of the forces.
judicial power is vested in a Supreme Court and Court of
County Court in each county, consisting of one of the
a Probate
of the Supreme Court, and two Assistant Justices
each District; and Justices of the Peace, who have a limited
The
ry, a
;
and
Justices
Court in
criminal
civil jurisdiction.
The Judges
and High
The
of Probate appoint their
Bailiffs
several
appoint their
Town
own
own
Registers,
and the Sheriffs
deputies.
Clerks are Registers of deeds of conveyance of lands
in their respective towns
;
and
if
be recorded in the County Clerk's
A
Chance-
council of 13 Censors
is
there be no town clerk, the deeds shall
office.
chosen by the people once in 7 years, on the
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
Wednesday
last
;
if
March, and meet on the
Their duties are,
lowing.
ted
of
inquire
to
Wednesday
first
if
the legislature, &c. have performed their duty
been justly levied and collected
They may
pass public censures
peal of laws
tions to act
;
;
and
if
fol-
}
if
the taxes have
have been obeyed.
the laws
order impeachments
;
of June
the constitution has been viola-
;
recommend the
re-
propose amendments in the constitution, and call conven-
Their power expires in one year after their election.
on them.
Succession of Governors.
Thomas Chittenden, 1791—1796.
el
Smith, 1807.
Isaac Tichenor, 1797—1806.
Chittenden, 1813, 1814.
Isra-
Jonas Galusha, 1309—1812.
Isaac Tichenor, 180S.
Jonas Galusha, 1815—1819.
M.
Richard Skinner,
1820—1822. C. P. Van Ness, 1823—1825. Ezra Butler, 1826, 1827.
Samuel C. Crafts, 1823—1830, William A. Palmer, 1831—1835. Silas H. Jenison, 1836—
Succession of Chief Justices.
Samuel Knight, 1791—1793. Isaac Tichenor 1794, 1795. Nathaniel
Chipman, 1796. Israel Smith, 1797. Enoch Woodbridge, 1798—1800.
Jonathan Robinson, 1801—1806. Royal Tyler, 1807—1812. Nathaniel
Chipman, 1813, 1814. Asa Aldis, 1815. Richard Skinner, 1816. DudRichard Skinner,
C. P. Van Ness, 1821, 1822.
ley Chase, 1817—1820.
1823—1828. Samuel Prentiss, 1829. Titus Hutchinson, 1830—1833,
Charles K. Williams,
1834—
The state is bounded N. by Lower Canada, E. by Connecticut river, S.
by Massachusetts, and W. by New York. Situated between 42° 44' and
45 ^N. Latitude, and 73° 16' and 71° 20'
Vermont
is
W.
Longitude.
divided into 14 counties, to wit
:
Bennington, Windham,
Rutland, Windsor, Addison, Orange, Chittenden, Washington, Caledonia,
Franklin, Orleans, Lamoille, Essex and Grand Isle.
the state in 1790,
764; 1830, 230,657.
miles.
population of
This state contains an area of about 10,212 square
Population to a square mile, in 1830, was
of sheep in the state, in 1837,
The
The
was 85,539; 1800, 154,465; 1810,217,895; 1820, 235,27-^.
The number
was l,099;0ll.
important enterprise of a
rail
road from Boston to the outlet of the
An
great lakes, on St.
Lawrence
enterprise of this
kind, well worthy the consideration of the intelligent
river, will doubtless
citizens and capitalists of Massachusetts,
will greatly benefit those states, and
powerful competitor with
New
northern and western trade.
New
make
York,
be accomplished.
for a
Hampshire and Vermont,
New England a
large portion of the immense
the capital of
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
was not admitted into the union until afwas over, yet she vigorously resisted British
oppression.
A range of mountains covered with spruce, hemlock and
other evergreens divides this state nearly in its centre hence its name ;
and hence the epithet " Green Mountain Boys," celebrated for their
bravery in the war of independence.
Although
this fourteenth state
ter the revolutionary contest
;
From
these mountains
are. Otter Creek, Onion,
many
rivers take their rise
;
the most important
Lamoille and Missisque, which empty into Lake
Champlain, on the west; and West, White and Passumpsic, which pass
the Connecticut on the east.
sorts of grain in great
This state
is
very
fertile
and produces
to
all
Cattle of various kinds are raised here
abundance.
with great facility. Wool is an important staple. Manufactures flourish
on many of the delightful streams of Vermont, and its hills produce marble, granite
state is
and iron ore of superior excellence.
very romantic and beautiful
;
the air
is
The scenery
of this
pure and healthful
;
the
people industrious, intelligent, hospitable.
The
trade of this state, on the west, passes to
plain, the northern canal
Some
icut river.
goes
to
Montreal.
and Hudson river
Windham
co.
New York by
lake
Cham-
that on the east, to Connecti-
of the trade of this state reaches
Boston, and some
See Register.
until 1S02,
Vernoii, Vt.
west
;
Vernon
Vernon was
called Hins-
dale.
lies
on the
side of Connecticut river, op-
posite to Winchester, N. H.
That
river bends abruptly at this place,
but in consequence of its elevated
and rocky shore, affords this town
but litle intervale land. The surface is generally mountainous, rocky
and unproductive. There are in
the town, fine forests of oak and
chesnut timber, and quarries of
slate. Vernon was settled at an early period, and for many years was
subject to Indian depredations. The
remains of an old fort built in 1740,
are now seen
many persons M'ere
killed and carried into captivity
among the latter was the celebrated
Mrs. Howe.
From its settlement
:
;
Vernon is 18 miles S. E. from
Newfane, and is bounded S. by
Brattleborough.
Population, 1830,
681.
Vernon,
Ct.
Tolland co. This town lies 12
miles E. N. E. from Hartford, and
7 S. W. from Tolland. Rock village, and Tankerooson are pleasant
and flourishing manufacturing villages, containing 18 cotton and
woolen mills. The former is 14,
the latter 10 miles from Hartford.
The Hockanum, and a branch of
that river, the Tankerooson, are the
principal streams.
It
Vernon was first settled in 1716.
was a part of East Windsor and
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
Bolton until 1808. The surface of
the town is varied by hills and valleys the soil is a gravelly loam and
sandv, but £;ood for grain and grass.
Population,"l830, 1,164.
;
Vei'sliire,
Vt.
Orange co. The surface of
town is uneven and stony, but
this
fur-
nishes pasturage for a large number
of sheep, horses and neat cattle.
Bi-anches of Ompomponoosuc river
rise here, but give the town no val-
Vershire was
first settled in 1780. It lies 25 miles
S. E. from Montpelier, 35 N. from
Windsor, and 6 E. by S. from ChelPopulation, 1830, 1,260.
sea.
uable water power.
Victory, Vt.
Essex
CO.
the domestic fishery.
These privileges arc well improved by the inhabitants of Fox Islan(^
they also
make their soil tributary to their
wants. In 1S37, their crop of wheat
was 1,611 bushels. So long as the
sea island towns of Mount Desert,
:
Eden and Vinalhaven,
afford wheat,
and Truro, wool, in such abundance there seems, at present, no
great cause for the Yankees going
west to escape either nakedness or
;
starvation.
These islands are finely located for summer excursions,
The
either for health or pleasure.
between the
are delightful ;
passages
islands,
around
scenery
Population, 1837, 1,768.
Vineyard, Vt.
This township was
Moose river, a
chartered in 1781.
branch of the Passumpsic, passes
through it. It lies 10 miles W.
from Guildhall, and, in 1830, had
53 inhabitants.
Vienna, Me.
A
Franklin co.
branch of Sandy
river and several ponds water this
fertile and pleasant town.
It lies
25 miles N. W. from Augusta, and
10 S. E. from Farmington.
Incorporated, 1802.
Population, 1837,
793. Wheat crop,
bushels.
Grand
Vinalliavcn, Me.
to 1838,
the county of Hancock.
It is situated 12
miles S. E. fi-om Camden, 6 E. from
Owl's Head, and is formed of the
Fox Islands, at the mouth of Penobscot bay, about fifty miles below Bangor.
There are three
islands of considerable size, belonging to this group, besides several
smaller islands on their coast. This
island town possesses in an eminent
degree all those advantages to be
derived from a bold shore and good
harbors, in the centre of an extensive maritime commerce, and of
Isle co.
This town, com-
prising an island in Champlain Lake,
covering an area of 4,620 acres, was
chartered in 1799, by the name of
La
Motte.
Its name was
Vineyard in 1802.
It
lies about 4 miles W. from North
Hero, and was first settled in 1785.
It is a very pleasant island, fertile
and abounding in excellent cedar
Pop. 1830, 459.
and limestone.
Isle
changed
to
Vineyard. Sound, Mass.
same year, 4,068
Waldo CO.
Previous
this town was attached to
them
principal
and the
beautiful.
This
a great thoroughfare for
is
bound along the coast between Cape Cod and the mouth of
It lies between
Buzzard's bay.
the island of Martha's Vineyard
and the islands of Nashawn and
The tides in this
Nashawenna.
Sound are rapid, and the passage
vessels
dangerous, without a good
VoluntOAvn,
Windham
co.
pilot.
Ct.
This town was
It derived
incorporated in 1719.
name from the circumstance
that most of its territory was granted, in 1696, to Volunteers in the
The surface is,
Narraganset war.
in some parts, hilly; but the prevailing character of the surface and
soil is a sandy and gravel Ij'^ loam.
its
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
Voluntown
Norwich, and
Island on
is
14 miles E. from
bounded by Rhode
east, and North Ston-
tflle
is
Population, in
in2;ton on the south.
The town
1830, 1,304.
is
watered
branch of the
Pawcatuck, on which are one woolen and two cotton mills.
by Wood
river, a
Waeliiisett Moiiiitaia, Mass.
Worcester
co.
See Princeton.
co.
Branches of
this
Topsham, and
they meet at Brad-
river rise in Orange,
W^ashington
ford, and fall into the Connecticut.
This river, and the streams that
;
are rather rapid in their
course, and furnish many valuable
Below the falls,
mill privileges.
compose
:
ter the war,
he was made
a
briga-
general of militia, and was
high sheritr of the county of Winddier
General Wait,
seven years.
having lived to see the town he
had phmted in its wilderness state,
covered with fruitful fields, and
peopled by independent yeomen,
died in 1822, aged 86 years.
sor
"Wait's River, Vt.
Orange
difficult service with grea"
At the age
bravery and success.
of 25 he had been engaged in forty
his clothes
battles and skirmishes
were several times perforated with
musket balls, but he never received
In 1776, he entered the
a wound.
revolutionary army as captain, and
Afacquired the rank of colonel.
much
•Walcciieltl,
N. H.
it,
in Bradford, this river is more gentle, and in its course it fertilizes
Its longest
a tract of intervale.
Its
branch is about 20 miles.
Strafford co.
miles
N.
This town
lies
50
E. from Concord, and 30
N. by W. from Dover; bounded
N. W. by Ossipee and Effingham,
E. by Maine, S. E. by Milton, W.
by Middleton and Brookfield.
Lovewell's pond, in the S. part of
the town, is about 700 rods long, 275
100 feet in width.
Province pond lies between
wide.
"Waitsiield, Vt.
Wakefield and Effingham, and is
Mad river, a 450 rods long, 400 wide. Pine
Washington co.
passes circui- river pond is the source of the river
small, rapid stream,
flowing N. W. into Ostously through this town, fertilizing of that name
The principal branch
sipee lake.
soil, and affording it good mill
the
in
a deep of the Piscataqua has its rise
The uplands are
seats.
between Wakefield and
loam, fertile, and productive of all East pond,
The soil of
Maine.
the varieties of a northern climate. Newfield,
this town is generally good.
Here are line pastures, and between
The town' was formerly called
5,000 and 6,000 sheep.
in East-foion, and was incorporated
There are some manufactures
its present name.
the town, but the people are gener- in 1774, by
There are several cotton mills in
and make a good
ally farmers,
Good clay for mak- this town, and various other manubusiness of it.
earthern ware, iron ore, and factures.
ing
Lovewell's pond, in this town,
This
rock crystal are found here.
Captain John
town lies 11 miles S. W. from Mont- derived its name from
who, on
and 30 S. E. from Burling- Love we 11, of Dunstable,
pelier,
20th February, 1725, surprised
the
Population, iS30, 985.
ton.
of Indians
The settlement of Waitsfield was and destroyed a party
General encamped on the side of the pond.
commenced in 1789, by
for
Benjamin Wait, from Sudbu- Ptobert Macklin, distinguished the
General Wait lonsevity, died here in 1787, at
ry, Massachusetts.
He was born in Scotentered the service of his country age"of 115.
Population, 1830, 1,470.
at the age of 18, and performed la°nd.
mouth, on the Connecticut,
is
about
1
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
Walden, Vt.
Caledonia co.
This is an elevated township between the head waters of Onion and Lamoille rivers.
Cole's pond, a large sheet of water,
lying in the town, produces a small
mill stream, called "Joe's Brook."
The surface is generally rough, but
the soil in some parts of the town
produces good crops. Walden was
first settled in 17S9.
It lies 22 miles
N. N. E. from Montpelier, and is
bounded
S. E.
by Danville.
Popu-
lation, 1830, 827.
Waldo County, Me.
and its numerous j)onds give it a
varied and picturesque appearance.
Waldo county was, as it were
but yesterday, a desert; at present
not more than two-thirds of its territory may be said to be settled.
In 1837, it produced 109,140 bushels of wheat, and contained 55,000
sheep, with a population of 45 to a
square mile.
Waldo, Me.
Waldo
CO.
This is a Plantation,
high time it was incorporated with town privileges, for its
surface is pleasant, and its soil fertile
it abounds with mill sites, and
but
it is
:
Belfast is the shire town. This
maritime and agricultural countyis bounded N. by Penobscot and
Piscataquis counties ; E. by Penobscot bay and river; S. by Lincoln county, and W. by the county
of Kennebec.
It contains an area
of about 812 square miles.
Its
population in 1830, was 29,290 and
increase of population, for the
seven years, was 35 per cent.
Waldo is 44 miles E. N. E. from
Augusta, and 7 W. N. W. from
Belfast.
Population, 1837, 718.
Wheat crop, same year, 1,903
bushels.
in 1837, 36,817.
Lincoln co.
This is a large,
pleasant, and flourishing commercial
its
last
Waldoborougli, Me.
;
On
the eastern side of the counPenobscot spreads its
ty, the noble
broad bay and river, embosoming
Belfast and other beautiful bays,
and indented with numerous capacious harbors, affording this county
every desirable facility for navigation and the fisheries. The relative
position of this county with the
great basin of the Penobscot, is
such as to give to it a large share of
the commerce of that fertile and
rapidly increasing section of
New
England.
Waldo county possesses
vrithiu
itself great resources of agricultur-
The surface is generwealth.
ally undulating: no portion of the
county is too elevated or too low
It is heavily timfor cultivation.
bered and abounds in limestone, of
which large quantities are annually
manufactured and transported. The
soil is fertile, and congenial to the
growth of every northern staple
commodity.
This county is interspersed with excellent mill streams,
al
37
town; a port of entry, situated on
both sides of Muscongus river, and
at the head of navigation on Muscongus bay.
This town, surrounded by a fertile
country, enjoying navigable accommodations, a great water power,
and peopled by an enterprising and
industrious class of agriculturalists,
mechanics and
sailors,
cannot
fail
of advancing in wealth and population.
The tonnage of this district,
in 1837, was 39,960 tons.
The surface of the town is agreeably diversitied the soil of a quality just hard enough to promote a
proper circulation of the blood of
;
its
cultivators,
with
as pleasant, as pure,
and water
and as favora-
air
able to health and longevity, as
those of any prairie, of which we
have any account, west of the Alleghany mountains. It is true that
these people have to encounter the
dangers of the seas, in the navigation of their numerous vessels en-
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
gaged in foreign*and domestic commerce; to accidents attendant on
launching their trig ships, brigs,
and schooners, and in preparing
various kinds of lumber for their
cargoes
and that they sometimes
get drowned in crossing their rapid
streams, and break their limbs by
riding too faston their wintry snows;
;
yet they are perfectly satistied witli
their location and condition, and
have no hankering for the balmy
hreezes of the south, nor thirst for
the sweet waters of the west.
Waldoborough is an ancient town
for this section of country
it was
incorporated in 1773.
It lies 37
miles S. E. from Augusta, and 22
PopuE. N. E. from Wiscasset.
lation, 1820, 2,449; 1830, 3,113;
1837, 3,420.
:
IVales, Me.
Lincoln Co. There is a beautiful pond lying partly in Wales and
partly in Lisbon
its outlet meets
the Androscoggin a few miles above
Topsham. Wales is an agricultueven
ral town of good soil and
surface, 20 miles S. W. from Augusta, and 26 N. W. from WiscasIncorporated, 1816.
Populaset.
;
Wheat crop, same
tion, 1837, 667.
year, 2,232 bushels.
Wales, Mass.
Hampden
co.
This town is wabranch of Quinnebaug
river, and has a considerable water
power. The surface of the town is
uneven, but the soil affords good
pasturage.
Here is a woolen mill,
and manufactures of leather, boots,
shoes, axes, hatchets, palm-leaf
hats. Sic.: annual value, about $70,000.
Wales is 67 miles W. S. W.
from Boston, and 17 E. by S. from
tered by
a
Springfield.
Population, 1837,738.
Wallingford, Vt.
acres, lies on very elevated ground,
and is one of the principal sources
of Otter creek.
The other ponds
are of
less
size,
and
less
eleva-
These mountain ponds are
very handsome, and contain fish.
The soil of the town is generted.
ally good
that on the banks of
Otter creek, is very fertile and
Wallingford produces
productive.
all the varieties of grain, grass, &c.,
and feeds a large numbei- of sheep.
"
range of primitive limestone
passes through the western part of
the township, in which have been
opened several quarries of excellent marble.
Green hill, situated
near the centre, is composed almost
entirely of quartz.
part of
White rocks, belonging to the Green
Mountain range, appears to be
granite, the rest quartz.
At the
foot of White rocks, are large cavities formed by the fallen rocks, called the icebeds, in which ice is found
in abundance through the summer
season."
There are some valuable
manufacturing establishments in
the town, and a flourishing trade.
The village is pleasantly located on
the banks of Otter creek, near one
of the ponds.
It contains some
handsome buildings, and presents a
variety of picturesque scenery.
Wallingford was firstsettled in 1773.
It lies 10 miles S. by E. from Rutland and 42 N. N. E. from Bennington.
Population, 1830, 1740.
;
A
A
"WalliiagfoJi:!!, Ct,
New Haven co. " Wallingford
bounded N. by Meriden, W. by
Cheshire, E. by Durham and Middletovvn, and S. by North Bradford
and North Haven. Its length fiom
east to west is nearly 7 miles, and
is
its
breadth about
The
6.
part of Wallingford
is
central
13 miles N.
New
Haven, 23 S. from Hartand between 11 and 12 miles
S. W. from Middletown.
The prefrom
ford,
Rutland co. This town is watered by Otter creek. Mill river, and
by three ponds, one of which, Hiram's pond, covering an area of 350
vailing surface
is
pleasantly diver-
with moderate hills and dales
the eastern extremity of the townsified
�»
NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
ship is mountainous.
The soil is
generally excellent, excepting a
tract called Wallingfbrd plain, consisting of coarse sand, situated on
the eastern bank of the Quinnipiac.
It is nearly 4 miles in length, and
about I of a mile in breadth. It is
the most extensive tract of level
land in the state, and one of the
most sterile and barren. The town
is watej-ed by the Quinnipiac, a
valuable mill stream, which passes
through the extent of the town,
upon which are several mills and
manufactories.
Yaleville is a little manufacturing village in the
northern section of the town, where
britannia and tin ware is manufactured to some extent.
There is an
establishment westward of the
main street, on the Quinnipiac, for
the manufacture of wood screws,
of which there are about 1,000
groce manufactured daily. The
principal village of Wallingford is
beautifully situated on a fine elevation upwards of a mile east of the
river, on two parallel streets entending along the ridge of the hill.
The western street, on which the
principal part of the village is situated, is upwards of a mile in
length."
Wallingford originally belonged
New Haven, and
New Haven Village.
to
was called
It was first
settled about the year 1669.
Pop-
ulation, 1830, 2,418.
"Walloostook River, Me.
This is the western or main
branch of St. John's river.
Its
head waters are in the counties of
Somerset and Franklin, and on the
border of Canada.
It receives the
waters of many lakes, ponds and
rivers, and drains a large section of
"wilderness country.
This river is
called
the Walloostook until it
meets the waters of the St. FranThe lands on the borders of
cois.
this river are said to be fertile and
heavily timbered. See St. John's
river under Fundy, Bay.
VValoomsack River, Vt.
This good mill stream is formed
in Bennington, by several branches
it passes
N. W. and joins the
Hoosack,
Between the Waloomsack and Hoosack the famous " Ben
nington Battle " was fought.
:
Walpole, N. H.
Cheshire co. This place lies 60
miles S. W. by W. from Concord,
13 N. W. from Keene, and 90 N.
W. from Boston. Population in
1830, 1,979.
The face of this town
is beautifully diversified by hills
The soil is similar to
that of other towns on Connecticut
river.
The intervales afford excellent tillage ; the uplands are inferior to none in the state.
Cold river
passes through the north part, and
forms a junction with the ConnectiThere is a lofty hill, called
cut.
Fall Mountain, a part of the range
of Mon.nt Toby
the highest parts
of which are about 730 feet above
the level of the river.
The village
of Walpole is situated at the foot of
this hill, on a plain ; the margin of
the intervales. The principal street
and vales.
;
runs N. and S. and is bordered on
both sides w'ith dwelling houses,
stores and shops.
Drewsville, in this town, is a
pleasant village, romantically situa
ted near the falls
it is a place of
some trade, and considerable manu:
factures.
Bellows Falls, on Connecticut rivtown from Rockingham, Vt. At the bridge, which
er, separates this
crosses the river at this place, built
and 365 feet in length, the
traveller is presented with a most
interesting and sublime view. The
river here is compressed into a
narrow strait, between steep rocks,
and for nearly a quarter of a mile is
hurried on with great rapidity and
in 1785,
loud roaring.
In no place is the
perpendicular, to any considerable extent ; but in the distance of
half a mile the waters descend 42
fall
�NEW ENGLAND
GAZETTEER.
feet.
Waltliam, 3Iass.
A canal, with 9 locks, passes
round these falls on the west side.
Middlesex co. This is one of the
Col. Benjamin Bellows was one of
many beautiful towns which environ
the first settlers of this town, in
the capitol of
England.
1749.
He was a man of great en- 10 miles W. byNewfrom Boston, It is
N.
and
terprise and bravery.
His descen- 9 S E. from Concord.
It was indants are numerous and highly recorporated in 1737.
spectable.
Bellows'' Falls village, is in
Rockingham, Vt., opposite toDrewsville.
"Walpole, Mass.
Norfolk CO.
This town is finely
watered by three branches of the
Neponset which meet
face of the town
The
at this place.
rough, but
capable of producing good crops.
There are three cotton, two woolen and two paper mills in the town,
is
and manufactures of iron castings,
hoes, hats, leather, straw bonnets,
and twine total value, the year
ending April 1, 1837, $240,364.
This pleasant and flourishing town
was taken from Dedham in 1724.
Population, 1837, 1,592.
It is 20
miles S. W. from Boston, 10 S. W.
from Dedham, and 21 N, by W.
:
from Providence, R.
I.
W^altliam, Me.
Hancock co.
Population, 1837,
Wheat crop, same year, 356
207.
bushels.
See " Down East."
Addison
CO.
Buck mountain lies
this
town, and as
the highest land in the county,
west of the Green mountains, its
summit exhibits a good view of a
delightful section of country.
Waltham lies on the east side of
Otter Creek, which separates it from
Panton. Otter Creek, at this place,
is sluggish in its course, and affords
it is
no mill privileges. The soil is generally good
that along the stream
is excellent.
The number of sheep
;
Waltham, in 1837, was 3,890.
Population, 1830, 330. It is 9 miles
in
N. W. from Middlebury, and 24
from Burlington.
" Prospect
with some elevations.
Hill," 470 feet above the level of
the sea, presents a delightful view
of Boston, its harbor, and the adjacent towns and country.
The soil
is generally not very fertile, but is
rendered productive by industry.
" Waltham Plain " is a beautiful
tract of land, under a high state of
cultivation.
It is about two and a
half miles in length, and a mile in
width.
On the road over this plain
is a continuous village, containing
many handsome dwellings and beautiful gardens
among the number,
;
Hon. Theodore Lyman
is pre-eminently beautiful.
Mr.
Lyman's garden, of many acres in
extent, decorated with almost every
variety of fruit tree, shrub and
that of the
flower, both native and exotic, is
probably unsurpassed, in costliness
and splendor, by any private establishment of the kind in the United
States.
In this town the
Waltham, Vt.
near the centre of
Population,
1830, 1,859; 1837,2,287.
The surface is moderately level,
S.
first
cotton mill,
on an extensive scale, was erected,
in 1814. The capital of the compa-
ny was $600,000. By extraordinary
and good management, through
skill
the various commercial changes,
establishment proved lucrative
to the proprietors and highly beneficial to the public.
The waters of
Charles river, which glide through
the town, being fully improved,
the proprietors extended their manufacturing operations at Lowell.
There are in Waltham three cotton mills, a bleachery, a machine
shop, a paper mill, and manufactures of boots, shoes, hats, carriages, wagons, chairs, cabinet and tin
wares total value, the year endall
this
:
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
The
1, 1837, $348,067.
roads in this and the neighboring
towns, are uncommonly excellent.
Perhaps in no section of country
in the world, are the roads better
than within 10 miles of Boston.
ing April
sheet iron, starch, carriages, hartotal value, the
nesses, and boxes
year ending April 1, 1837,$645,121.
:
Wareliani, Mass.
The surface of
Plymouth co.
town is generally level, with
this
AVardstoorougli, Vt.
a light, sandy
soil,
not very produc-
Windham co. This town is 15 tive. It is favorably situated for
miles N. W. from Brattleborough, manufacturing purposes, being wa20 N. E. from Bennington, and 10
N. W. fromNewfane.
wasiirst
Population, 1830,
settled in 1780.
It
1,148.
The
surface of the
town
is
hilly,
and in some parts rocky the soil is
hard, but rendered productive by
:
Wardsthe industry of its people.
borough is watered by West riv'er,
and contains a number of minerals,
of which tremolite and zoisite are
the most important, and of which
line specimens are found.
There
are some mills in the town, but the
water power is not extensive.
"Ware River, Mass.
tered by two fine mill streams, and
for ship building, the fishery, and
foreign and domestic commerce,
having a number of good harbors
at the head of Buzzard's bay.
Wareham lies 50 miles S. S. E.
from Boston, 16 S. from Plymouth,
Bedford.
and 15 E. N. E. from
PopIt was incorporated in 1739.
ulation, 1830, 1,885; 1837, 2,166.
There are in this town six nail factories, six air and cupola furnaces,
two rolling mills, 2 cotton mills,
a paper mill, and manufactures of
vessels, salt, nail casks, chairs,
cabinet ware, leather, boots, shoes,
&c. the total value of these manufactures, the year ending April 1,
The num1837, was $1,260,637.
ber of hands employed in these manufactures, was 682.
One whale
ship, of 374 tons, belongs to this
place
the cargo of oil, in 1837,
New
:
Branches of
this large
erful mill stream rise in
ton, Barre
and pow-
Hubbards^
and Oakl)am.
It passes
through Hardwick, New Braintree
and Ware, and joins the Chickopee
at Palmer.
"Ware, Mass.
Hampshire
co.
Ware
possesses
an admirable water power by Ware
The surface of
and Swift rivers.
the town is rough and hilly, and the
soil more fit for grazing than tillage.
In 1837, there were 1,380 sheep in
the town: value of wool, $1,667.
Ware is 66 miles W. by S. from
Boston, 22 E. by S. from Northampton, and 23 N. E. from Springfield.
Incorporated, 1761.
Population,
1830, 2,045; 1837, 2,403.
Ware
contains a beautiful village
which commands an active and
flourishing trade.
There are two
cotton and two woolen mills in the
town, and manufactures of boots,
shoes, leather, hats, tin ware, straw
bonnets, palm-leaf hats, augers,
37*
:
amounted
to $78,286.
In 1836, there arrived and cleared at Wareham, 2 ships, 7 brigs, 86
schooners, and 193 sloops
aggreDuring
gate tonnage, 20,140 tons.
that year there were exported from
this place 7,107 tons of nails, 421
tons of iron hoops, 1,969 tons of
hollow ware, 144 tons of iron castings, 98 tons of nail rods, 386 dozen of shovels, and 4,180 bushels
:
of salt.
The number
manufactured
year,
was
iron,
of tons of
exported that
9,765.
Warner, N. H.
Merrimack co.
This town is
bound N. by Sutton and Salisbury,
E. by Boscawen, S. by Hopkinton
and Henniker, and W. by Bradford.
The distance of Warner
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
from Hopkinton is 8 miles, and from
Concord, 15. It is watered by Warner river, a handsome streani, which
rises in the Sunapee mountain in
Newbury. It passes through Bradenters Warner at the N. W.
corner, and running in an E. and
S. E. direction, divides the town
ford,
nearly two equal parts, and
Contoocook river in Hopkinton.
The lands, though broken,
have, in general a good soil. Mink
hills lie in the W. part, and furnish
fine orchards and good pasturage.
There are four ponds, viz
Tom,
Bear, Bagley and Pleasant ponds.
Pleasant pond, the waters of which
are clear and cold, deep, and of a
greenish cast, has no visible outlet
or inlet, and overflows its banks in
the driest seasons.
This town was granted in 1735,
by the general court of Massachusetts, to Dea. Thomas Stevens and
others. It was incorporated in 1774,
by the name of Warner. The first
settlement was made in 1762, by
David Annis and his son-in-law,
Reuben Kimball, whose son Daniel
was the first child born in town.
Population, 1830, 2,221.
into
falls into
:
The following account of a terrible tornado, in this section of country, is by the Rev. John Woods,
published in Professor Silliman's
Journal, Vol.
No. 2.—
January, 1839.
Mr. Woods says, " The event
occvirred about half past 5 o'clock,
Sunday evening, September 9th,
1S21.
The wind, I suppose, was a
proper whirlwind, precisely such
as occasion water-spouts at sea.
very intelligent woman in Warner, who, at a distance of two or
three miles, observed its progress,
XXXV.—
A
compared its appearance to a tin
trumpet, the small end downward,
also to a great elephant's trunk let
down out of heaven, and moving
majestically along.
She remarked,
that its appearance and rr.otion gave
her a strong impression of life.
When
it had reached the easterly
part of the town, she said the lower end appeared to be taken up from
the earth, and to bend around in a
serpentine form, until it passed behind a black cloud and disappeared.
Its course was southeasterly.
It
was attended with but little rain in
some parts of its course, more in
others.
The rain, or what appeared like it, was in my opinion taken
from bodies of water which it passed over.
It was said, that it lowered the water in a small pond in
Warner, about three feet. To people near Sunapee lake, in New
London, I was told, it appeared as
if the lake was rushing up towards
heaven.
The appearance of the
cloud to beholders at a little distance, was awfully terrific.
It
commenced its desolating progress
east of Grantham mountain, in
Croydon. In Wendell, beside other buildings, it demolished a dwelling house, and carried a child who
was asleep upon a bed, into Sunapee lake.
In New London and
Sutton it did considerable damage,
but met with few dwelling houses
and destroyed no lives. From Sutton it passed over the southwest
branch or spur of Kearsarge mountain, with a gore of land belonging
Warner, called Kearsarge gore.
the foot of this mountain, it entirely demolished five barns, unroofed another, and utterly destroyed two dwelling houses and so rent
to
At
another
as to
render
irrepara-
it
ble.
" The houses wholly destroyed
belonged to two brothers, Robert
and Daniel Savary. They contained fourteen persons. In the house
of the latter were their aged parents, seventy years old, I should
think, or upwards.
The old gentlemen, as he saw the cloud coming,
went
into a
chamber
a window, and was there
v/ind struck the house.
carried four
or five
to
close
when
the
He was
rods,
upon the rock, and instantly
dashed
killed.
�—
NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
A
part of his brain was left upon
His wife
the rock where he fell.
was very badly wounded, and it was
thought would not recover.
child of Daniel Savary, in the same
In the
house, was also killed.
house of Robert Savary, several
of the mountain, and fell with great
violence on the buildings of Peter
were much wounded and bruised,
The houses and
but no lives lost.
barns and other buildings at this
place were not only levelled with
the foundation, but the materials
and contents were dashed in ten
thousand pieces, and scattered in
Carts, wagons,
every direction.
sleighs, ploughs, and sleds which
were new and strong, (one ox-sled,
was entirely new,)
I recollect,
two of whom were instantly
Mr. F. and wife were very
badly wounded, but at length recovered.
In Mr. T.'s house were
7, all of whom were most wonder-
A
were carried
considerable disto sixty rods
and so broken and shattered as to be
Stone walls were
fit only for fuel.
levelled, and rocks, weighing two,
three, or four hundred pounds, were
turned out of their beds, apparently by the bare force of the wind.
tance
to a
— from twenty
Their
Flanders and Joseph True.
houses, which were but a few rods
distant, one in Warner, the other in
Salisbury, were utterly demolished.
In Mr. F.'s house were nine persons,
killed.
fully preserved, except that 2 children, 10 or 12 years old, were badly burnt by hot bricks, the oven
having been heated and the bread
then in it ; one of whom lingered
several wrecks in extreme sufferThe father and
ing and then died.
mother of Mrs. T., who lived about
half a mile distant, were visiting
They had just left the tea
there.
table.
Mr. T. and his father-in-law
went out at the door and saw the
cloud, but thought at first they
were so under the hill it would pass
also, two feet or more
which were bedded into the ground, and were fifty or sixty
feet long, were not sufficiently
weighty to retain their location.
In one instance I recollect to have
seen one large log lying upon an-
But they
harmless over them.
were soon convinced that its track
was marked with desolation. Mr.
T. just gave an alarm to his family,
then ran under the end of his shop,
other in such a condition, that it
was thought by good judges, that
ten yoke of oxen could not have
moved the lower one from its bed ;
but both were removed by the
wind several feet.
An elm tree
to
Large
logs,
in diameter,
near where old Mr. Savary fell,
which was one foot at least in diameter, and too strongly rooted to
yield, was twisted like a withe to
the ground, and lay prostrate across
Not
the path like a wilted weed.
an apple or forest tree was left
One barn was seen to be
standing.
taken up whole, with its contents
After being
of hay, grain, &,c.
carried several rods,
pieces, and flew like
it
came
to
feathers in
every direction.
From the neighborhood of the
Savarys,
it
passed over another spur
which happened
the violence
beyond
wind so as not
His father-in-
to stand
of the
be demolished.
law, (Jones,) stood his ground unthe barn, a few
til the wind struck
rods to the northwest of him, and
he saw the fragments of it flying
thick in the air over his head. He
then threw himself flat upon the
ground by a heavy
pile of wood.
Instantly a rafter fell endwise close
by him, entering the ground a foot
or two in depth, and immediately
a beam grazed down upon the rafter and lay at his feet.
He and
Mr. T. were entirely unharmed.
In a moment they saw, instead of a
new and strong and very comfortable dwelling house, a perfect desolation.
Not even
a
sill
remained up-
Even the cellar
foundation.
stairs, and the hearths, which were
of tile or brick eight inches square.
on
its
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
were taken up and removed.
The
bricks of the chimney lay scattered
along, partly covering Mrs. T., and
covering to a considerable depth
two of the children. Mrs. T. was
soon taken up with but little injury.
The shrieks and cries of the
two children, under a weight of
hot bricks, next pierced the heart
of their father.
In removing them,
he burnt his hands to the bone.
They were at length taken out
alive, but in a state of great suffering, one of whom, as I have mentioned, after a few weeks, died.
All were now found but the babe,
had swept over it, up
Near
well as down.
boundary, between Warner
ty torrent
hill
the
as
and Boscawen, the desolation ceasIt was taken up from the earth,
but spruce floor boards, which
were taken from New London,
were borne upon its bosom and
dropped in the Shaker village in
Canterbury, a distance of about
thirty miles.
In following its track
in Kearsarge gore, I came to a
considerable stream of water, across
Avhich had been a bridge, covered
with large oak logs, split in the
ed.
middle, instead of planks.
These
about one year old. Supposing it half logs were scattered in every
direction, some carried, I should
to be under the bricks, Mr. T. renewed his labor ; but soon it was think, ten rods in the direction from
heard to cry in the direction of the which the wind came, others sixty
wind. Such as could run, ran in rods in the direction it went, and
search of it, and soon found it ly- others were dropped near the maring safe upon the ground beneath gin at the right and left.
a sleigh bottom, 10 or 15 rods from
One remarkable fact is, that the
where the house had stood. When same day, and about the same time
the wind came, the sleigh was in in the day, two other similar whirlthe barn, six or eight rods north or winds were experienced, which
northwesterly from the liouse. The moved in nearly parallel lines, one
two last mentioned houses were passing through Warwick, Mass.,
one story, well built, and well fur- and the other about the same disnished dwellings. Their materials tance to the northeast."
were not merely separated, but
"^Varreii, Me.
broken, splintered, reduced to kindling wood, and scattered like the
One of the county towns of LinThis town is situated
chaff of the summer thrashing coln county.
floors.
It was the same with fur- on both sides of St. Georges' river, at
bedding, bureaus, the head of the tide waters, and is
niture, beds,
chairs, tables, and the like.
loom bounded N. by Union, S. by Campwas, to appearance, carried whole den and Thomaston, S. by Gushing,
about forty rods, and then dashed and W. by Waldoborough. Incorin pieces.
The width of the deso- porated, 1776.
Population, 1830,
lation here was about twenty or 2,030; 1837,2,143.
It is 34 miles
twenty-five rods.
On the higher S. E. from Augusta.
grounds over which it passed it
The location of this town is very
was forty, fifty, or sixty rods. The favorable for manufactures and
deeper the valley, the narrower navigation.
The lumber business
and more violent was the current. is not so large as formerly, yet conFrom the last mentioned neighbor- siderable quantities are now sawed
hood it passed on to the east part and shipped.
Ship building is an
of Warner, but met with no other important branch of business, and
dwelling houses, and did but little the manufacture of lime, from a
damage, except to fences and for- superior quality of limestone, with
ests. The appearance of the ground
which this section of country
where it passed, was as if a migh- abounds, is carried on extensively,
A
�:
NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
The
and is annually increasing.
village is well located and pleasant
it contains a well conducted acadeor hi^h school, for youth of
both sexes; in which all the languages and other branches of education may be obtained, and such
my
A
the town, is about $75,000.
large
portion of the lands in Warren are
uneven and hilly, but the soil is
warm, and favorable to the growth
of grain, and the support of sheep,
of which 1,110 were kept in 1837.
The village is quite pleasant.
as are necessary to prepare them
for future usefulness in society.
Warren, N.
II.
Grafton co. This town is 10 miles
from Haverhill corner, and 63
N. by W, from Concord. It is watered by the N. branch of Baker's
river, which has its source on the
E. side of Moosehillock mountain.
S. E.
direction to WentS. line of Warren, furnishes several valuable mill
seats.
The S. E. part presents a
mountainous aspect, liaving a large
portion of Carr's mountain on its
southeastern border.
Warren was
granted by charter, in 1763. Population, in 1830, 702.
It
passes in a
N.
worth, and, near the
AVarren, Vt.
Washington
co.
This town was
about the year 1797, by
Samuel Lard and Seth Leavitt. It
lies 16 miles S. W. from Montpelier, and 31 S. E. from Burlington,
Population, 1330, 766.
This town
first settled
watered by Mad river, and although between the two Green
mountain ranges, the surface is not
much broken; it has some good mill
sites, and some mechanical operations by water.
Many cattle are
reared in the town, and about 4,000
sheep are kept.
is
"Wari'en, Mass.
Worcester co. This town was
called Western from 1741 to 1834.
It lies 60 miles W. by S. from Bos-
W. S.W from Worcester.
Population, 1837, 1,196.
It is watered by Chickopee river, and con-
ton, and 23
tains one
cotton
and two woolen
manuThe
goods annually made in
a scythe factory and
factures of palm-leaf hats.
mills,
value of
AVarreu, R.
I.
Bristol CO.
This small town, comprising an area of only about 2,600
acres, is situated on the E. side of
Narragansetbay, and is bounded N.
and W. by Palmer or Warren river,
E. by Massachusetts, and S. by
Bristol.
It is 11 miles S. E. from
Providence, and 19N.by E. Irom
Newport. Incorporated, 1746. Population, 1830, 1,800.
The
surface of
Warren
is
undu-
with a soil of rich mould,
very fertile and productive. Great
lating,
attention is paid in this place to agriculture, and particularly to horti-
and all the varieties of
and culinary vegetables are
produced in abundance and perfection,
Warren has a safe and commodious harbor for vessels of 300
tons burthen
a number of vessels
culture
;
fruits
:
owned here, engaged
commerce, the coasting
are
in foreign
trade and
fishery.
Ship building has been
pursued here to a great extent, and
some vessels are now built, but not
so many as formerly.
This place
has produced a great number of excellent sailors and ship masters, as
well as ship builders.
The village is delightfully situated on a rise of ground fronting the
harbor: it is neatly built, and is
surrounded by a variety of interesting scenery.
This town is noted
for the healthiness of its climate,
and the longevity of its inhabitants
In 1834, there were only 19 deaths
in the town, and the average age
Warof 7 of those was 85 years.
ren is a fine resort in summer, and is
much frequented.
Warren,
Litchfield co.
Ct.
Warren was taken
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEEU.
from Kent, in 1786. It is bounded
on the E. by Litchfield, and is 38
miles W. from Hartford. The town
watered by Shepaug river, a
is
branch of the Housatonick, and by
a large and handsome pond, called
Raumaug.
Warren is hilly and
rocky, and in some parts mountainous.
It however produces butter,
cheese, beef, pork, some grain, and
considerable
1830, 986.
wool.
Population, in
Warwiclc, Mass.
Franklin co. This town is elevatedj and contains Mount Grace,
from which a delightful prospect is
presented. The soil is strong, warm,
and produces excellent pasturage.
There are no considerable streams
in the town, and its manufactures
consist only of leather, scythes and
palm-leaf hats.
Moose pond, a
pleasant sheet of water, furnishes
an abundance of fine trout, pickerel and perch.
Warwick was incorporated in
1763.
Population, 1837, 1,111. It
W. from Boston,
is 78 miles W.
and 1-1 E. by N. from Greenfield.
N
Wartviclc, R.
Kent
CO.
©n
5
t'lie
W.
niiles S.
is
town
;
but
all
we
can at present state is, that but very few villages in our country can
boast of a more valuable manufacturing interest, particularly in cotton goods.
As early as 1822, there
v/ere 15 cotton and 2 woolen mills
in
Warwick.
Warwick is
the birth place of two
distinguished patriots and warriors.
Christopher Green was
He was in the illupon Quebec, in which
born in 1737.
situated
Narraganset bay,
from Providence. Popside of
a manufacturing
Col.
I.
This important town,
Shawomet,
the Indian
Cranston. An arm of the bay extends westward, giving to Warwick
and East Greenwich a number of
Vessels of 50
excellent harbors.
tons burthen pass to the flourishing
village of Apponaug, between 4
and 5 miles from the bay. This village is pleasantly located; 10 miles
S. from Providence, and is the site
of considerable enterprize in ship
building, the fishery, and the coasting trade.
Paivtuxet village is at the mouth
of Pawtuxet river, a port of entry,
and lays partly in Warwick, and
partly in Cranston.
This beautiful
village, 5 miles S. from Providence,
is celebrated for its great hydraulic power on navigable waters. Warwick is eminently distinguished as
fated attack
the brave Montgomery fell.
He
was afterwards selected by Washington to take charge of Fort Mer-
3,443
1830, 5,529. cer, or Red Bank, N. J.
For his
an area of 54 square gallant defence of tliat Fort against
miles.
The surface of the town, a superior force, in 1777, he acalong the bay, is generally level, quired the reputation of a brave,
but the westerly part is hilly, so judicious and faithful officer. He
much so that from some of the el- was assassinated in the most bru
evations, a large part of the state tal manner, in 1781, by a part)*may be seen in a clear day. The of American royalists, while staprevailing soil is a gravelly loam, tioned on the border of Croton river.
strong, and
productive of grain, New York.
grass, fruits and vegetables.
The
Major General Nathaniel
town is well supplied with a great Green was born in 1741. He died
variety of fish, and forests of wal- in Georgia, in 1786. General Green
nut, oak and chesnut.
early received the particular favor
Pawtuxet river washes the north- of Washington.
This favor was
ern part of the town, and meets continued throughout the war, and
the waters of the Narraganset at was strengthened by his ardent
this place, separating Warwick from patriotism, undaunted courage, pruulation,
1820,
It contains
;
•
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
dence, and superior military know-
wooded wilderness.
ledge.
ter of the surface
" Within a mile from the village
of Apponaug may be seen a huge
rock, so completely balanced upon
another, and its equilibrium so exact, that a boy 14 years of age may
set it in such motion that the contact
or collision caused thereby, produces a sound somewhat like that of
a drum, but more sonorous, which
in a still evening may be heard'a
county,
distance of 6 or 8
miles.
from time immemorial,
it
Hence,
has gone
by the name of the Drum Rock.
the ponderous weight of that
part which is thus nicely balanced,
From
generally believed that no oththan the hand of nature ever
could have done it. Yet some are
inclined to believe, that it was thus
placed by the herculean labor of
some tribe of the nath^es. There
remains no doubt, but that this was
a place of their resort or encampand that the Drum Rock
ment
served them either to give an alarm
in case of danger, or to call the tribe
together from their daily avocations.
This rock is considered as a great
curiosity, excites much attention,
an<l consequently is at the present
day a place of much resort, particularly in the pleasant season of
the year.'
it is
er
;
of the
Its
interior
part,
for
but 14 miles
in breadth
that part near the sea
This
is about 50 miles in width.
is
:
bounded N. by Lower
Canada, E. by New Brunswick, S.
bj' the ocean, and W. by the counties of Hancock and Penobscot.
It
territory
is
an area of about 4,150
square miles. About a third part
of this county may be said to be
settled ; the residue is a densely
contains
adjacent
soil of this
the same as that
counties of Han-
people, who, though undor different
governments, hav,e the same language, a similar religion, a kindred
blood."
The tonnage of the two districts
in this county, Machias and Passamaquoddy, in 1837, was 19,072 tons.
In 1837, the number of sheep in
the same
the count}- was 19,008
year it produced 27,014 bushels of
wheat. The population of the counin 1830,
ty in 1820, was 12,744
21,294; and in 1837, 28,495: increase in 7 years, 34 pr. ct., and in 17
years, 123 pr, ct. Pop. to sq. m.,7.
:
;
Wasliington, Me.
Macliias is the shire town. This
county is of a singular form. It
extends from the Atlantic ocean to
the border of Lower Canada, a distance of more than 3 1-2 degrees
more than 175 miles,
much
cock and Penobscot. In common
with all the Atlantic counties in
Maine, Washington county possesses its numerous bays, inlets, capacious harbors, and pleasant islands,
so admirably adapted to foreign and
domestic commerce, the fisheries
and ship building.
The St. Croix is its most important river.
The banks of this noble stream are rapidly settling, by
Yankees on one side and Englishmen on the other; and long may it
be a channel, not only of individual and national wealth, but of " good
nature and good humor, between
Washington County, Me.
of latitude.
is
The charac-
and
Lincoln co. This town contains
several ponds, and some branches
Damariscotta and Musof the
congus rise here. It lies 35 miles
E. from Augusta, and 25 N. N. E.
from Wiscasset. Population 1837,
Wheat crop, same year,
1,378.
Incorporated, 1811.
2,269 bushels.
It
was formerly caHed Putnam.
AVasKington, N. H.,
22 miles N.
S. from
Charlestown, and 35 W. from Concord.
This town is hilly, but not
Lovewell's mounmountainous.
Lovetain, so called from Capt.
Sullivan
co.,
lies,
N. E. from Keene, 20 E. by
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
well's killing 7 Indians near it, is
conical shape, about 3-4 of a
mile in diameter, and may be seen
at a considerable distance.
Washington abounds with springs, rivulets, and natural ponds, of the last
of which, there are no less than 16,
and some of them of considerable
magnitude. Island pond, so called
from its being full of islands, is 2
miles long, and 1 1-2 wide.
Half
moon pond is 1 1-2 miles in length.
Ashuelot pond is 1 1-2 miles long,
and 1 mile wide, and is the source
of one of the principal branches of
Ashuelot river. Brockway's pond,
a beautiful sheet of water, lying on
a white sand, is 1 mile long and 1-2
a mile wide.
Long pond, lying in
this town and Stoddard, is 5 miles in
length.
These ponds abound with
a variety of fish.
branch of
Contoocook river has its source from
several small ponds in the E. part
of the town.
The soil is generally
deep and moist, better for grass than
ot a
A
tillage.
in 176S.
Washington was settled
was first called Monad-
It
nock, JVo.
it
was
8.
called
ber 13, 1776,
rated
by
its
settlers
first
each
for
mountainous region.
of the county is
uneven, hilly, and in some parts
mountainous, but there is much
flourish in this
The
surface
valuable land
which
along
the streams,
in man}'- parts are sluggish,
and form large tracts of excellent
intervale.
The agricultural productions consist of neat cattle, horses, hogs, wool, and of the producIn 1837, there
tions of the dairy.
were 60,025 sheep in Washington
There are large bodies of
county.
beautiful granite, in the county,
and slate of various kinds. Popu14,113; 1830, 21,378.
Since 1830, there have been some
small changes in Washington counWe will
ty, in regard to territory.
thank any of our Green Mountain
friends to give us all the necessary
information respecting it, for future
editions.
The rail roiid from Boston to Ogdensburgh will probably
pass through this county, but we
beg them not to wait for that event.
lation, 1820,
From its settlement,
Wasliington, Vt.
Camden, till Decemwhen it was incorpoOrange co. Branches of Onion,
present name.
The Wait's and White rivers rise in this
had 150 acres of land
settling.
Population, in
1330, 1,135.
Wasliiugton County, Vt.
MoNTPELiER is the
chief town.
nearly in the centre
of the state, and the principal part
of it lies between the two ranges
of the Green Mountains.
It is
bounded N. by Lamoille and parts
of Chittenden and Caledonia counties, E. by Caledonia county, S. by
Orange and Addison, and W. by
Addison, and Chittenden, counties.
It was incorporated in 1810, by the
name of Jefferson, and took its present name in 1814.
The county is
finely wd^ered by its chief river,
the Winooski, or Onion, and many
of its important branches.
These
streams afford the county an abun-
This county
dant water power, and manufacturing establishments increase and
is
town, but afford no considerable
water power. The two former are
called Jail Branches, from the cir-
cumstance that the proprietors were
required by their charter, of 1781,
within the limits of
the town, at an early period. There
is some excellent land along the
streams, and the uplands are generally arable, and afford good pasturage.
There is a neat village in
the town, some trade and manufacto erect a jail
between 3,000 and 4,000
sheep are annually sheared. Washington is 15 miles S. by E. from
Montpelier, and is bounded S. by
tures, and
Chelsea. Population, 1830, 1,374.
"Wasliington, Mass.
This mountainous
watered by branches of
Westfield and Housatonick river*^^
Berkshire co.
town
is
�;
NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
The
soil is well adapted for grazing.
In 1837, 5,209 sheep were sheared in the town, producing 15,627
pounds of wool, principally merino.
There is found in this town a porous quartz, which is used as buhr
stones, for mill stones
and is remarkable for resisting heat. Washington was incorporated in 1777. It
is 122 miles W. from Boston, and 8
Population, 1837,
E. from Lenox.
;
758.
Washington County, R. I.
South Kingcton is the shire town.
This is a maritime county situated
in the southwestern section of the
bounded on the north by
east by Narraganset bay, on the south by the
Atlantic ocean, and on the west by
state
;
Kent county, on the
The avthe state of Connecticut.
erage length of the county, from
east to west, is about 20 miles, and
it has a mean breadth of more than
18 miles, comprising about 367
square miles. The geological character of this county is primitive
the rocks consist of granite and oth-
The suroriginal forniations.
face is generally diversified with
moderate hills and narrow dales;
there are, however, some considerable eminences in the northwest
section of the county, and some
flats of considerable extent in the
south section, bordering upon the
The prevailing soil is a
Atlantic.
primitive gravelly loam, strong and
fertile ; there are some considerable tracts of sandy loam, and some
considerable section
of alluvial.
of this county was formerly called
ej
A
the Narraganset country, and was
celebrated for an excellent breed
the other section
of pacing horses
was called the Shannock country,
and was equally distinguished for
a valuable breed of neat cattle.
This county still maintains a high
reputation as a grazing district, and
aflbrds many extensive and valuable dairies.
But the agricultural
interests are not confined exclu;
38
sively to the objects of the grazing
business ; in some sections of the
county considerable attention is paid
to the cultivation of grain, particularly Indian corn and barley ; some
rye also is raised. The inhabitants
are distinguished for their habits of
industry and frugality, and in general enjoy their necessary results,
health and competence.
The waters of the county are extensive and important, possessing a
maritime border upon the Atlantic
ocean and the Narraganset bay, of
more than 50 miles extent. There
are, however, but 2 or 3 harbors ;
the principal of which is Wickford,
in the northeastern section of the
county the next most important is
The principal inthe Pawcatuck.
terior waters of the county are embodied in the Pawcatuck river,
which forms part of the western
boundary of the state. The principal branches of the Pawcatuck
are the Wood and Charles rivers;
which, with their tributary streams,
water a large portion of the western section of the county, and af;
ford
numerous
sites for mills,
and
other hydraulic works.
There are, in the county, several
salt and freshwater ponds, which
are well supplied with fish.
The fisheries of the county are
extensive and valuable, affording
employment to considerable industry, which is usually well rewarded.
The fish taken, not only supply the home consumption, but constitute an article of exportation.
Although the commercial business carried on within the county
yet its
is not very considerable,
maritime situation has had its natural influence upon the habits of
the people ; a considerable portion
of whom are employed in seafaring
business.
The manufacturing
the
interests of
county are considerable, and
consist principally of the woolen
and cotton manufactures, and the
Besic'^s
business of ship building.
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
these, there is considerable mechanical industry in the other departments of mechanical business.
In 1S37, there were 81,619 sheep
in the county. Population, in 1800,
in 1820,
16,135; 1810, 14,983;
Population
15,687; 1830, 15,411.
to a square mile, 42.
From this
statement of the population, it appears that this county must have
suffered greatly by emigration.
Wasliingtoii, Ct.
Litchfield co.
Judea, the first
society in this town, was a part of
Woodbury until 1741. It was first
settled in 1734.
It was incoi-porated as a town in 1779.
This town is 40 miles S. W. from
Hartford, and 10 S. W. from Litclifield.
Population, 1830, 9S6.
large part of this town is el-
"A
mountainous.
evated and
stone abounds in
Lime-
many
of the valleys.
Several quaj-ries of marble
have been worked, from which considerable quantities have been raised.
Iron ore has been found in various places.
Ochre, fuller's earth,
and white clay, have also been
found.
The town is watered by
the Shepaug river, a branch of the
Housatonick, wh.ich passes tlirough
the whole length of the town, di-
viding
it
two nearly equal parts.
divided into two soJudea and New Preston.
into
The town
cieties,
is
There
is in
as
called,
Judea, or ^V'ashington
about two miles S.
W. of the centre of the towa, a
place called " Steep Rock."
From
the top of this eminence, which is
easy of access, the beholder has
one of the most interesting and
it is
beautiful
prospects in the state.
presents an area in the
form of an amphitheatre, the sides
of which are covered with a dense
forest.
The Shepaug river is seen
flowing in a beautiful circle at the
base of the bluff.
Within the circle of the river, there are several
cultivated fields, affording a beautiful landscape to the beholder.
The scene
" This town has been the theatre
of one of the most atrocious murEngders ever committed in
land.
The murderer was a man or
rather fiend, by the name of Barnett
Davenport. From his own confession, it appears that his parentage
and early education were exactly
New
produce his wicked life and
Untutored and
unrestrained by parental government, he was left to grow up at
In the morning of life,
random.
no morality was inculcated upon
him, and no sense of religion, either
On the
by precept or example.
contrary, he was, from early years,
unprincipled, profane, and impious.
Befoi-e he was 9 years old, he was
expert in cursing and swearing, and
an adept in mischief. At 11 years
he began to pilfer. At 13 he stole
money.
At 15 he entertained
tlioughts of murder, and rapidly
waxed harder and bolder in wickedness.
At 19, he actually murdered a family in cold blood. As a
friendless wandering stranger, he
was taken into the house of Mr.
Caleb Mallory, and treated with
the utmost kindness, in December,
1779.
Scarcely two months had
fitted to
his
tragical end.
elapsed, before the
murder was de-
termined on. The night of February 3d, 1780, was fixed on to exe-
With a
cute the horrid purpose.
heart hard as adamant, he lighted a
candle, went into the lodging room
of his benefactors, and beat them to
little grand
death with a club.
child being with its gi-and parents
shared the same fate, and two others
were left in a sound sleep to perish
Having kindled a
in the flames.
fire in three of the rooms, he fled,
after robbing the house of its most
But from an acvaluable articles.
cusing conscience, and from the
hand of justice, which followed
hard upon his steps, he was unable
He was taken, and executo flee.
ted at Litchfield in the May ensu-
A
ing-."
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
W'aterljorougli, Me.
York CO. This town is watered
by a large and pleasant pond, which
empties into Little Ossipee river,
a branch of the Saco, and by the
head branches of the Mousum, a
stream which meets the ocean at
Kennebunk. This is a flourishing
town, with a pleasant surface and
It lies 81 miles S. W.
good soil.
from Augusta, 24 W. from Portland,
and is bounded S. by Alfred. IncorPopulation,
porated, 17S7.
1,816; 1837, 1,953.
1830,
Waterbiiry, Vt.
Washington co. The surface of
Waterbury is generally level, with
The soil is
some pleasant swells.
and fertile the meadow lands
on the livers, of which there are
warm
:
large tracts, are not excelled, in
richness, by any in the state.
This town is separated from
Duxbury by Onion river, which,
with Waterbury river and other
streams, afford the town a good
It was first settled
water power.
Population, 1830, 1,650.
12 miles N. W. from Montpelier, and 24 E. S. E. from Bur-
in 1784.
It lies
lington.
In the southwest corner of the
township, the passage of Onion river through a considerable hill, is
considered a curiosity. The stream
has here worn a channel through
the rocks, which in times past, undoubtedly, formed a cataract below
of no ordinary height, and a considThe chasm is
erable lake above.
at present about one hundred feet
wide, and nearly as deep. On one
side the rocks are nearly perpendic-
form several caverns or caves, some
which have the appearance of
rooms fitted for the convenience of
Several musket balls and
man.
flints were found in the extreme
part of this cavern, a few years
since, with the appearance of havof
ing lain there many years, which
makes it evident that it was known
to the early hunters.
Waterbury River,
rises in
Mor-
ristown, and runs south through
the western part of Stow and WaIn Stow,
terbury into Onion river.
it receives
one considerable tributary from the east which rises in
Worcester, and two from the west
It also
which rise in Mansfield.
receives several tributaries from
west, in Waterbury, which
the
The whole
originate in Bolton.
length of the stream is about 16
miles, and it affords a number of
good mill privileges.
"Waterbury, Ct.
New Haven co. The Indian
Mattatuck, a territory comprising
this and some of the neighboring
towns, being IS miles in length and
10 miles in width, was sold by the
red men to the whites,, in the year
1684, " for divers good causes and
This piece
thirty-nine pounds."
of ground was supposed by the
white men, to afford sufficient room
and accommodations for thirty famThe
ilies.
8,000 people
territory
and
;
now
if its
contains
population
dense as that of England, in
would contain no less than
20,r)I0, or of Belgium, 35,370 souls.
There are some good lands on
the borders of the streams, within
was
as
1831,
it
ular, some of which have fallen
across the bed of the stream, in such
a manner as to form a bridge, pas-
the present limits of Waterbury ;
but the surface of the town is generally rough, and the soil difficult
however, only at low water.
the same side the rocks which
appear to have been loosened and
moved by the undermining of the
water, have again rested, and become fixed in such a posture as to
of cultivation.
sable,
On
This town lies 28 miles S. W.
from Hartford, and 20 N. by W.
Population,
from New Haven.
1830, 3,070.
"
The
site
upon which the bor-
�NEW ENGLAND
of Waterbnry stands, is situated in a valley which is washed by
Mad river on the east, and the Naugatuck on the west ; and in its central partis about a mile in breadth.
ough
The main street runs east and west
but since the increase of the manufacturing establishments within the
last twelve years, a large share of
the new buildings have been erected in their vicinity, which is in the
southeast part of the village.
On
either side of the village, hills
gradually rise to a considerable
elevation, presenting to the eye
the galleries of an amphitheatre, the village forming the area.
The number of houses is about one
hundred and fifty, and the population
hundred
fifteen
;
which
it is
calculated has doubled itself during the last twelve years; most of
the factories having been established
within that time.
Some of the
private dwellings may be called
splendid, and a majority of them
neat, convenient, with handsome
court yards in front.
" Of the articles manufactured
in the village, those of gilt buttons
and the rolling of brass and copper
metals for a great variety of uses,
constitute the greatest business.
There are three factories of this
kind upon an extensive scale, two
in the village, and one about two
miles north, connected with which
is a gold refinery.
There are likewise two factories of gilt buttons
upon a considerable scale, uncon-
nected with rolling mills.
One
extensive rolling mill connected
with the brass wire and tubing
manufacture, two satinet factories,
one woolen factory, besides a great
number of minor establishments, in
which buttons of various kinds and
other articles are manufactured to a
considerable extent.
The number
of persons in the village, of both
sexes, who are employed in the
manufacturing establishments, is
between
It is
not
six
and seven hundred.
precisely
known what
GAZETTEER.
amount
manufactured yearly,
is
but it has been estimated by good
judges to exceed a million of dollars,
and is upon the increase.
The
route has been surveyed by a practical engineer, for constructing a
canal to bring the Naugatuck on to
bank at the west end of the
town, which will, when completed,
afford n supply of water power, cathe
pable
more
employing
of
capital than has
as
much
or
been already
invested."
Samuel
Hopkijvs, D. D., the
founder of a religious sect, denominated Hopkinsians , was born in
this town, in 1721.
He died at
Newport, R. I., in 1803. See JReligious Greeds, and Statistics.
Dr. Lemuel Hopkins, a poet,
and an eminent physician, was born
in Waterbury, in 1750.
He died
at Hartford, in 1801.
"Waterford, Me.
Oxford CO. This town is watered by a number of beautiful ponds,
and Crooked river passes through
northeast border.
The surface
generally level and the soil good.
It produced in 1837, 5,545 bushels
of wheat.
Waterford was incorporated in
1797.
It lies 57 miles W. by S.
from Augusta, and 10 W. by S.
from Paris.
Population, in 1837,
its
is
1,297.
1\ aterford, Vt.
Caledonia co.
This town wag
chartered in 1780, by the name of
Littleton,
until 1797.
which name it retained
It was first settled in
It lies on the west side of
1787.
Connecticut river, 32 miles E. N.
E. from Montpelier, and 12 E. S. E.
Population, 1830,
from Danville.
The west part of the town
1,358.
is watered by the Passumpsic, and
the north border by Moose river.
Here is a water power, and some
manufactures, A part of the town
borders on Fifteen Mile Falls, in
Connecticut river.
The banks of
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
pal village, the
United States Arse-
that river are steep at this place,
and form but little intervale. The
uplands are rough and stony, but
good for sheep, of which 3,500 are
munitions of war, occupies a site
At the
of 40 acres of ground.
kept.
commencement
Waterford,
nal, containing a large
amount
of
of the revolutionary war, this place was the chosen
seat of the continental congress.
Ct.
New London co. This town That body of patriots was in session
was taken from New London in at Watertown on the day of the
battle of " Bunker Hill."
1801.
It is washed on the east side
There are two paper mills in the
by the river Thames and on the
south by Long Island Sound, from town, a cotton mill, print works, an
which a bay or inlet extends, be- establishment for finishing woolen
tween IMillslone and Black Points, goods, and manufactures of soap,
;
candles, boots, shoes, boxes, &.c.
Large quantities of beef, pork,
bacon, &c., are annually packed at
this place for the Boston market,
In 1837,
and for transportation.
three soap and candle manufactories
used 300 tons of tallow, 350 tons of
barilla, 50 tons of palm-oil, 1,750
barrels of rosin, 2,000 casks of
lime, and 1,000 bushels of salt.
quite into the centre of the town,
affording a harbor for small vessels.
This is a resort for fishermen on the
Sound, and many species of the
finny tribe are taken captive.
There are a number of ponds in
the town, three considerable mill
streams, and two woolen factories.
The surface of the town is rocky and
uneven, with a gravelly loam, productive of corn, vegetables, fruits,
and feed for cattle. In 1837, it contained 2,532 sheep.
Waterford lies 37 miles S. E. from
LonHartford, and 4 V/. from
Population, 1830, 2,463.
don.
Watertown was
first
settled
Saltonstall
and others.
in
Richard
1630, by the sons of Sir
It
was
in-
Popucoiporated the same year.
lation, 1830, 1,641; 1837, 1,739.
Its
It is 7 miles W. from Boston.
Indian name was Pigsgusset.
New
AVaterqiieeclxy Kiver, Vt.
"Waterto^via, Ct.
See Qucechy River.
This town lies
from Hartford,
26 N.by W. from New Haven, and
Popu10 S. E. from Litchfield.
Litchfield CO.
30 miles S. S. W.
Wa,tertowi\, Mass.
Charles river
Middlesex co.
this town a v^aluable water
power, which is well improved.
gives
1,500.
lation, 1830,
river is navigable to the centre
of the town for vessels of 6 or 7
feet draught of water.
The surface of the town is diversified by hills and valleys, which is
rendered very beautiful by a high
state of cultivation, and by the nu-
Watertown was formerly a parish
in Waterbury, by the name of West-
merous
S.
The
cottages,
villas,
and
bury.
incorporated as a
Vt'as
It is
bounded N. by
E. by the Naugatuck
river, separating it from Plymouth,
W. by Bethlem and Woodbury, and
neat farm houses,
gardens
by Middlebury and Waterbury.
about 6 1-2 miles in length, and
The township is genbut
erally uneven, or rather hilly
It is
4 in breadth.
A
38*
in 17S0.
Litchfield,
delightful
Avhich meet the eye in every direction.
part of the beautiful sheet
of water, called " Fresh Pond,"
and apart of the celebrated Mount
Auburn Cemetery lie in this town.
On the north bank of the river,
a short distance below the princi-
It
town
;
some sections are
1
level.
The
pre-
vailing soil is a dry gravelly loam,
and best adapted to grazing, but
the different grains common to this
part of the country are cultivated
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
Steel's brook, a sprightly stream,
passes through the central part of
the town, and for a mile below and
some distance above the centre of
the town, a chain of rich meadows,
though small in extent, border the
sides of this stream.
This is tbe birth place of Johjv
Trumbull,, the celebrated author
of " McFingal."
He graduated
at Yale College, and studied law
with John Adams, in Boston. The
first part of his McFingal appeared
in 1775.
It was completed in 17S2.
He was a judge of the Superior
Court of Connecticut from ISO! to
1819.
In 1825, he removed to
Detroit, where he died, in 1831,
aged 81 years.
The people of this town make
some boast of the size of their forest trees.
It is said, as an extraordinary fact, " that one of the first
settlers, having no shelter for the
night, peeled off the bark of one of
the trees he had felled, and la}^
down upon the inside.
In the
morning when he awoke, he found
the bark rolled up so closely that it
was with some difficulty he could
extricate himself."
This story will do to tell as far
west as Connecticut, but the ' Down
Easters'
would
laugh
at
it.
It
take Dame Nature more
than a night to screw up the bark
of one of their common pines even
to the circumference of the
Hampshire Giant.
The Maine
folks willingly grant to Connecticut the tallest poets, but claim to
their state the biggest trees.
would
New
V/atevville, Me.
Kennebec
co.
This town
is
situ-
ated on the west bank of the Kennebec river, 13 miles N. from Augusta.
It was incorporated as a
part of Winslow in 1771, and as
a separate town in 1802.
Population in
1820, 1719; in 1830,
2,216; in 1837, 2,905.
It contains
80 square miles, mostly of the
best quality of farming land of the
Kennebec region.
of the population
Seven twelfths
is
estimated
be
to
agiicultural. The principal village,
of about 180 houses, is on the Kennebec, at Ticonic Falls.
These
falls are 18 feet in height, extending
quite across the river.
In the town,
there are 17 saws, four grist mills,
carding machines, three plaster
mills, two extensive tanneries and
a machine shop.
One iron found ty,
a branch of the celebrated Fair-
banks establishment
in
Vermont,
supplies a great portion of the interior of the state with ploughs. The
public structures are 4 meeting
houses, an Academy, and the Liberal Institute, a Seminary founded
by Universalists. This latter edifice, though small, is one of the
most beautiful specimens of architecture in the state. Ticonic bridge,
crossing the Kennebec, 550 feet in
length, is a fine specimen of Col.
Long's plan of construction.
Watervilie College is pleasantly
situated near the village, on the
bank of the river. There are 2 edifices for rooms, a chapel, and a
commons
This
hall.
was founded
Institution
Theolo1821 it was converted into a College, and has 143
founded by
graduates.
It was
Baptists, but is open to all denomiin 1813, as a
gical school;
nations,
and
manual
in
labor.
affords
Its
President, three
tv/o Tutors.
facilities
Faculty
Professors,
for
is
a
and
From Augusta,
the head of sloop
goods are transported
large flat-boats,
to Waterville in
some of which carry 40 tons. This
renders the place an important depot
of merchandise for an extensive
country above, and of produce and
navigation,
manufactures brought down to be
shipped for a market: great quantities of oats, shingles and other lumber, leather, potash and potatoes, are
thus transported from this place.
The
is
dam at Augusta,
have improved the
erection of a
thought
to
navigation, and
afifords facilities
for
�NEW ENGLAND
making Waterville the centre
of
country above.
A
steam boat now runs between this
place and the lower towns.
The village of West Waterville
is on Emerson stream, atributary of
the Kennebec.
Here is a remarkble cascade, the highest known in
the state, and is much resorted to for
its picturesque scenery.
At this
village are manufactories for cutting out last blocks, which are extrade
for the
ported in great quantities to Massachusetts, and a scythe factory of
high reputation, which made 300
dozen scythes in the year 183S.
The water power at Waterville
and in the vicinity, is singularly
great.
circle described from the
Ticonic falls, before named, as a
centre, with a radius of live miles,
includes two falls across the whole
Kennebec, at Kendall's mills, two
miles above Waterville; two falls, 5
miles distant, on the Sebasticook, a
large tributary stream ; and an indefinite series of falls upon the
Emerson stream, from the cascade
to its confluence, besides numerous
rapids, v/hich could easily be dammed, on all these streams. It is believed that no similar circle of 10
miles diameter in New England,
comprehends £0 large and convenient water power. But a very small
part of this power is yet occupied,
and situated as Waterville is, in the
centre of these manufacturing facilities, enjoying convenient boat
navigation to the sea ports, with an
extensive region of the best agricultural advantages in the rear, it
A
promises to become a thrifty and
populous town.
Waterville, X. H.
Grafton co. This town comprises the territory called GiJIis and
Foss' Grant, until its incorporation,
in 1S29.
It is bounded N. by ungranted land, E. by Albany, S. by
Sandv/ich, and W. by Thornton. It
was granted June 29, 1S19, to Joeiah GHlis,
Moses Foss,
jr.
and oth-
GAZETTEER.
ers.
watered
It is
b}'
Mad
river,
among the mountainous
tracts on the N.
runs S. W. about
20 miles, and falls into Pemigewaswhich
rises
;
set river in Campton.
Swift river
has its source in this town, pursues
an E. course through Albany, into
Conway, wliere it unites with Saco
river.
There are 2 ponds, and several considerable elevations.
Moses Foss, jr. commenced the settlement some years since. It has 96
inhabitants.
Waterville, Vt.
Lamoille co. This town is environed by mountains, and is itself
mountainous. It is watered by a
branch of Lamoille river, and is
bounded E. by Belvidere, W. by
Fletcher.
It lies about 25 miles S.
E. from St. Albans.
Population,
1830, 4S8.
Wayland, Mass.
Middlesex co. The name of this
town was East Sudbury, from 17S0
to 1835.
It lies
on the east side of
Sudbury river, and is bounded east
by Weston.
The surface of the
town is pleasant the soil is generally good, and contains some well
cultivated farms.
There are 4 for;
ges in this town, and manufactures
of chairs and cabinet ware
but the
principal manufacture is that of
boots and shoes ; the annual value
of which is about $25,000.
Wayland is 16 miles W. from Boston,
and 7 S. from Concord. Population,
1837, 931.
;
Wayne, Me.
Kennebec co. Wayne
lies
N.
of Leeds, and is situated a little below the centre of a chain of beautiful lakes or ponds, Avho^e outlet,
which passes through the town,
falls into the Androscoggin.
The
centre of the town is about 4 miles
east of the Androscoggin, and 16
W. from Augusta. The surface of
the town is undulating, and the soil
fertile. It was incorporated in 1798.
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
Wheat
Population, in 1837, 1 ,170.
same year, 3,268 bushels.
and superior farm, and has greatly
benefited this section of country by
crop,
the introduction
of new modes
of agriculture, and more valuable
breeds of stock. The agricultural
Weare, N. H.
Hillsborough
co.
The only
riv-
er in Weare, is the N. W. branch
of Piscataquog, which enters the
products of Weathersfield are very
valuable
about 15,000 fleeces of
fine wool are annually sheared.
This town is large, and contains
a number of pleasant villages.
It
is watered by several ponds, and by
Black river, which gives it a water
power, and which is applied to
manufacturing operations to some
extent.
In common with all the
towns on Connecticut river, Weathersfield has its share of delightful
scenery and there is no better
place to find it, in all its richness,
than on the Ascutney, at the north
part of the town.
:
west boundary from Deering, and
meanders through the N. and E,
sections of the town, and passes
the S. line about half a mile from
the S. E. corner.
This river affords
the best mill seats in the town.
There are three small ponds in this
town. Rattlesnake hill, nearly in
the centre of the N. line of the
town, abounds with shelving rocks,
abrupt precipices, forming dens and
caves.
Dui'ing the summer season,
the reptile from which the hill
takes its name, is frequently found.
The town, though rather broken, is
not mountainous.
It has small
;
Webster, Mass.
swamps, and some good meadows.
It is
its
Worcester
now
and wealthy husbandmen.
It
was
incorporated in 1764, and received its name in honor of Meshech
Weare, chief justice of the province of N. H.
VV^eare is 15 miles S. W. from
Concord, and 17 N. N. W. from
Amherst. Population, 1S30, 2,430.
co.
[Those
who
lation, 1837, 1,210.
Avish
There are in operation in this
town two woolen and four large
course and distance to
the onion fields in Connecticut, or
to their f^\ir cultivators, will please
see Wethersfield, Ct.]
Weathersfield was first settled
about the year 1778.
It is bounded
to find the
cotton mills, a cotton thread mill,
1 machine shop, 1 bleachery, a tannery, and a manufactory of tin
ware total value of manufactures,
the year ending April 1, 1837,
:
by Springfield, N. by Windsor,
and is 61 miles S. by E. from MontS.
Population, in 1830, 2,213.
This town lies on the west side of
Connecticut river, at the " Bow,"
so called from a bend in the river.
It contains
large tracts of rich
meadow land, and the uplands are
of a good quality.
William Jarvis, Esq., for many
years a resident here, owns a large
This town was
Douglas,
Thompson, in
S. by
Connecticut, and W. by Dudley.
It is 46 miles W. S. W. from Boston, 16 S. from Worcester, 45 E.
by S. from Springfield, and 28 N.
W. from Providence, R. I.
Popu-
Weatliersfielcl, Vt.
Windsor
co.
incoiporated in 1832, and named
in conipliment to Hon. Daniel
Webster, including a part of
Dudley and Oxford, and a tract of
land previously unincoi-porated. It
is bounded N. by Oxford, E. by
settled and cultivated to
extreme limits by industrious
$312,277.
French river and a pond give this
place a large and unfailing water
power. The original name of this
pond, as appears from ancient deeds,
was Chabanako7igkomo 171, the same
pelier.
name by which Dudley was known,
though the
latter probably borrowfrom the former.
Some records and maps of New England
ed
I
it
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
have given the name of Chargog-
gagoggmanchoggagogg. The
at the outlet of this
pond
is
24
fall
feet,
which is increased after it empties
into French river to about 90 feet
the Cape
it is neatly built, and
although it is surrounded by sand
hills, and almost entirely destitute
:
of vegetation,
it
makes
a
handsome
for the late Samuel Slater to concentrate here a large portion of his
Wellfieet bay sets
into the town from the south, and
is separated from Cape Cod bay by
several islands, which form a good
harbor, at a place called " Deep
manufacturing capital
Hole."
it passes
into Connecticut.
This afforded ample water power
before
and it is to
Father of
American manufactures,' that this
place is indebted for most of the
the
enterprise of this
;
which it at present enwas his favoiite residence,
and where his remains now rest.
A remnant of the Dudley, or
more properly of the Nipmuck InIt
They
are about
40 in number, though but few of
them are of pure blood.
These
Indians formerly owned a considerable tract of reserved land in the
centre of Chabanakongkamon or
Dudley. This was sold by order of
the legislature, and the proceeds
appropriated to their support, and to
the purchase of about 30 acres, on
which they now reside. This money is now expended, and they are
dependent on the bounty of the
dians, reside here.
In 1837, there were 120 vessels,
'
prosperity
joys.
appearance.
state for support.
Weld, Me.
Franklin co. This town contains
a large and beautiful pond, the outlet of which forms a considerable
river, which passing south falls into
the Androscoggin at Mexico.
The surface of the town is remarkably pleasant, and the soil fertile.
Wheat crop, 1837, 6,039 bushels.
Weld lies 53 miles W. N. W.
from Augusta, and 14 W. from
Farmington.
Population, in 1830,
766 ; 1837, 953.
Wellfleet, Mass.
measuring about 6,000 tons, belonging to this place, employed in the
cod and mackerel fisheries, and a
number engaged in the coasting
trade.
The fishermen took 3,100
quintals of cod fish, and 17,500 barrels of mackerel
the value of
which was $128,500. The quantity
of salt used was 29,350 bushels the
number of hands employed was 496.
During that year there were 39 establishments for the manufacture
of salt in this place ; the quantity
made was 10,000 bushels.
There are several ponds and
streams in the town, which afford
water power sufficient for a large
cotton mill.
There are some manufactures of leather, boots and
shoes but the people are principally employed in the fishery, coasting trade and manufacture of salt.
Wellfleet was incorporated in
1723.
Population, 1830, 2,044;
1837, 2,303.
Dr. Morse stated in 1797, that
" since the memory of people now
living, there have been in this small
town thirty pai" of twins, besides
two births that produced three
:
:
;
each."
This is one of the most thriving
towns in the state. One of its forresidents. Col. Elisha Doane,
have acquired a fortune of
120,000 pounds sterling on this sandy
spot. The Indian name of the town
mer
is
said to
Barnstable co.
This township
lies on both sides of Cape Cod
it is
hounded N. by Truro, S. by Eastham, and is 33 miles below Barn-
was Rinonakannil.
stable.
bounded E. by Parkman, S. by HarIt is
mony, and W. by Brighton.
:
The town
is
on the west
side of
Wellinglom, Me.
Piscataquis co.
Wellington
is
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
watered by one of the head branches of Sebasticook river, and lies
about 22 miles N. by E. from Skovvhegan.
part of the town is elevated, but its surface, generally,
is undulating, with a productive
A
Wheat
soil.
Population, 1837, 721.
crop,
same year, 4,290 bushels.
Wells, Me.
York CO. Wells lies on the sea
coast between York and Kennebunk, and is 85 miles S. W. by S.
from Augusta, and 30 S. W. by S.
from Portland.
The first settlers
came from Exeter, N. H., about
the
A
year 1640.
chief,
noted Indian
Wawwaw,
lived here about
one hundred years ago, pretending
to claim this and some adjoining
towns. There is no evidence of any
purchase of Indian
tle
pond, which
in Marshfield.
It runs nearly
southeast about two miles, and falfs
into Long pond in Groton, which is
about two miles long and 100 rods
wide. From this pond it continues
its southeasterly course half a mile,
and falls into another pond, which
is about half a mile long and a
quarter of a mile wide.
It then
runs a mile and a half, and meets
the south branch, which rises near
the southwest corner of the town,
and runs nearly east to its junction
with the main stream ; it then runs
east southeast about a mile, and
receives the north branch, which
has its source near the southeast
corner of the town.
Continuing
the same course, it passes through
the northwest part of Ryegate into
Newbury, and running near the line
ship
somewhat
ous.
A
difficult.
Ogunquit
riv-
in the
southerly part of the
town, forms a harbor for small
coasting and fishing vessels.
The town contains about 35,000
acres, of which one fifth may be
considered waste land, or unfit for
cultivation. It contains large tracts
er,
of salt
meadow.
exported
to
Wood
for fuel is
the north-
it
title to the soil.
charter from Thomas
Gorges is dated Sept. 27, 1643.
There are a number of small
streams or brooks running through
the town in various directions, on
which are 1 fulling, 16 saw and 10
grist mills.
The principal river
near the middle of the town, and
was called by the Indians Wehhannet, but is now generally called the
" Town river."
sand bar at the
entrance renders the navigation
The town
lies at
west corner of Groton and a part of
between Newbury
and Ryegate
about 4 miles, falls into Connecticut river about half a mile south
of the northeast corner of Newbury.
This is generally a rapid
stream, furnishing many excellent
mill privileges.
W^ells, Vt.
Rutland
is
co.
level,
The
A part of this townand a part mountain-
soil is
generally
good,
and productive of grain, and of pasturage for sheep, of which between
three and four thousand are kept.
The principal stream in the town issues from W^ells or St. Augustine
lake or pond, a beautiful sheet of
water, partly in Poultney, 5 miles
in length, and covering 2,000 acres.
Boston and other places,
in considerable
At the outlet of this pond is a snug
Some village, with some water power
West In- machinery.
quantities.
trade
is carried on with the
and vessels of various size are
built from timber in the town.
In-
dies,
corporated, 1653. Population, 1837,
3,042. This town furnished a large
number of revolutionary officers.
Wells River, Vt.
This river has
its
sour"" i" Ket-
Wells was
first settled in 1768.
65 miles S. S. W. from Montpelier, and 13 S. W. from Rutland.
Population, 1830, 880.
It lies
W^endell,
Sullivan co.,
Springfield, E.
]V.
H.,
bounded N. by
by Sunapee lake.
is
�;
NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
it
from New London
and Newbury, S. by Goshen, W.
by Newport and Croydon. It is 35
miles N. W. from Concord, and 7
E. from Newport. A conside^abie
part of lake Sunapee, a noble sheet
separating
The
of water, lies in this town.
surface of this lake is said to contain 4,095 acres, of which 2,720
Here is the
acres are in Wendell.
principal source of Sugar river,
which flows from the lake near its
centre from north to south ; passes
through the centre of the town into
Newport, from thence into Claremont, where it unites with the Connecticut.
There are three small
ponds, containing an area of about
This town was granted
300 acres.
by the name of Saville in 176S. It
was settled in 1772, and was incor-
when it received its
name from John Wendell, one of
porated in 1781,
the principal proprietors.
tion, 1830, 637.
Popula-
Wendell, Mass.
Franklin
Wendell
is
co.
The
surface
uneven, and
but the soil
in
of
some
is strong
;
Miller's river
productive.
passes through the north part of the
town, giving mill privileges, fertility and beauty in its course. There
is a curious kind of stone found
here, embedded with mica slate
and Chalk pond furnishes a substance from which chalk is made by
parts hilly
and
burning it.
The manufactures of this pleasant town consist of palm-leaf hats,
boots, shoes, leather, cabinet ware,
chairs. &c.
Wendell was incorporated in
17S1, and named in honor of Oliver
Wendell, Esq., a very worthy man,
for many years president of Union
Bank, in Boston, the second institution of the kind in Massachusetts.
Mr. Wendell was a great patron of
this town, and frequently visited it.
Wendell
is
bounded
north
by
Erving, east by Phillip'^ton, south
by Salem, and west by Montague.
The mill privileges on Millers
river in this town are very valuable ; many of which remain unimproved.
Wendell lies 80 miles W. by N.
from Boston, and 14 E. from Greenfield.
Population, 1S37, 347
'Wciiliaiu,
Mass
Essex CO. This town is 20 miles
N. by E. from Boston, 6 N. from
Salem, and 16
S.
from
Newbury-
IncorFirst settled, 1639.
Population, 1837,
porated, 1643.
698.
Wenhara or Enoii pond is a beautiful sheet of water, about a mile
port.
square, and affords an
of excellent iish.
It is
The
ted.
this place
first
abundance
much
visi-
sermon preached
was on the border of
in
this
Hugh PeSalem, about the
His text was, " At
year 163G.
Enon near Salem, because there
was much water there."
Mr. Peters went to England, as
agent for the colony, 1641 ; engaged in the civil wars on the side
of the parliament, and was executed after the restoration of Charles
pond, by the celebrated
ters, minister of
II.
The surface of the town is pleasant
the soil is generally of a good
quality, and well cultivated oy industrious and independent farmers."
:
John Duntan, an Englishman who
travelled in this country in 1686,
and on his return
to
England pub-
lished a journal of his travels, gives
the following account of Vv'enham,
and of its minister, Joseph Gerrish,
who was ordained Feb. 13, 1675,
and died Jan. 6, 1719.
" Wenham is a delicious para-
abounds with rural pleasI would choose it above
all other towns in America to dwell
in
the lofty trees on each side of
it are a sufficient shelter from the
winds, and the warm sun so kindly
ripens both the fruits and flowers,
as if the spiing, the summer, and
the autumn had agreed together *o
dise,
it
ures, and
;
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
thrust the winter out of doors.
It
were endless to enter on a detail of
each faculty of learning Mr. Gerrish is master of, and I therefore
take his character in short hand.
The philosopher is acute, ingenious
and subtle.
The divine, curious,
orthodox and profound.
The man
of a majestic air, without austerity
or sourness; his aspect is masterly
and great, yet not imperious or
haughty. Tlie christian is devout
without moroseness, or starts of holy frenzy, and enthusiasm.
The
preacher is primitive without the
occasional colors of whining, or
cant, and methodical, witliout intricacy or affectation
and which
crowns his character, he is a man
of public spirit, zealous for the
conversion of the Indians, and of
great hospitality to strangers.
He
gave us a noble dinner, and entertained us with such pleasant fruits,
;
as
I
must own, Old England
is
a
stranger to."
1Veiilocl£, Vt.
Essex
CO.
gives rise to
Nulhegan
water sufficient for several valuable
mill seats.
In the east part of the
town, lies part of Carr's mountain,
covered in its natural state with a
heavy growth of forest trees.
part of the elevation called Mount
Cuba lies in the W. part of Wentworth. This mountain contains inexhaustible quantities of the best
limestone, of which a constant supply of good lime is made, and sold
Iron ore is found
at a low price.
A
in A'^arious parts.
governor
The
The
lands liere
are loo elevated for cultivation.
Wenlock lies .53 miles N. E. from
Population, in 1S30,
Montpelier.
24.
Weiitwortli,
I^.
H.
Grafton co. This town is bounded N. by Warren, E. by Rumney,
S. by Dorchester, and W. by Orford.
It is 15 miles N. W. from
Plymouth, and 52 N. N. W. from
Concord. This town is watered by
Baker's river, on which is a fall of
13 or 20 feet, affording an excellent
privilege for all kinds of water machinery.
The South branch of
Baker's river passes through the
southerly part of this town and joins
the main branch near Rumney line.
There are but few ponds. Baker's,
situated on Orford line, is the most
considerable
the outlet of which
is called Pond brook, acd affords
;
soil
is
gen-
Benning
Wentworth.
settlement commenced a
few years before the revolutionary
war. Articles of subsistence, potatoes and seeds for the propagation
of vegetables,
were transported
thither from the lower part of the
state on pack horses, hand-sleighs
and in knapsacks. Population, in
1830, 624.
first
Wesley, Me.
This mountain town
a principal branch of
river.
The
erally good; the lands in the vicinity of the rivers are of the first
Wentworth was granted
quality.
in 1766.
It received its name from
Washington
co.
We
should like
know
the particular circumstances of Wesley, which doubtless
was named in honor of one of the
Johiv
best of men that ever lived
Wesley. It must be a thriving
town, for its population, for the
last 7 years, has increased from 80
But ver}'^ little information
to 232.
can be obtained respecting a town,
from merely its act of incorporation.
to
Westliorougli, Mass.
Worcester
co.
This town
lies
on
the route of the Boston and Worcester rail road, 32 miles W. from Boston, 10 E. from Worcester, and 3 1-2
N. W. from Hopkinton Springs.
It was taken from Marlborough in
Population, 1830, 1,438; in
1717.
1837, 1,612.
As several persons were engaged
in a field spreading flax, in 1704,
the Indians rushed upon them from
the woods. ^^'^ ^'^ized 4 boys, and
�NEV/ ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
one, named Nahor Rice,
about 5 years of age, who was the
first
white person buried in the
town. The men made their escape
to the house.
One of the boys was
redeemed, the others remained and
mixed their posterity with the
French and Indians. Timothy Rice,
the youngest, 7 years of age, when
killed
taken,
nawaga
became
a chief of the Cogvisited West-
He
Indians.
borough in 1740, and remembered
the house where he had lived, and
the field where he was captured,
and some aged people. He had
lost the English language, and was
accompanied by an interpreter. He
w^as sent for and visited Gov. Belcher, at Boston, but chose to return
to his Indian habits.
years.
He died, and was buried in
the city of
Haven.
The following is inscribed on his monu-
New
ment.
Eli
Whitney,
the inventor of the
Cotton Gin.
Of
useful Science
and Arts,
the efficient patron
and improver.
Born December
8th, 1765.
Jan. oth,1825.
In the social relations of
a model of excellence.
While private
Died
life,
weeps at his tomb, his
country honors his
affection
memory.
See A^ew Haven, Ct.
West Boylstou, Mass.
town consist of
Worcester co.
This territory
some of the sources of Concord and
Blackstone rivers, which furnish a was a part of Boylston until 1808,
good water power. There are sev- and was first settled about the
It is 42 miles W. from
eral handsome ponds in the town, year 1720.
The waters of
w^ell
this
stocked with
The
fish.
manufactures
consist
boots, shoes, leather, axes,
of
chairs,
cabinet and tin wares, ploughs,
straw bonnets, sleighs, and harnesses
total value, the year ending
April 1, 1837, .$169,476, of which
;
amount $148,774 was
for boots
and
shoes.
This is a very pleasant town
the surface is diversified by hills
and valleys the soil is good, and
appears to be cultivated by men
who understand their business.
brief statement of the products of
Mr. Samuel Chamberlain's farm of
about 100 acres, in 1833, is here
given.
Butter,
3,486, lbs.
$767.
Cheese, 3,836,
221.
Beef,
603.
.
Pork,
652.
Veal,
152.
,
:
:
A
Total,
This is the native
$2,395.
place of Eli
Whitney. Soon after he graduated at Yale College, he went to
Georgia, where he resided many
39
Boston, and S N. from Worcester.
Population, in 1830, 1,053; 1837,
The surface of the town is
1,330.
very pleasant; the soil good, and
well cultivated. The Quinepoxet
and Stillwater rivers meet the Nashua in this town. These streams fertilize a large portion of the town,
and afford a water power to propel
a number of mills.
There are in the town 7 cotton
mills, and manufactures of boots,
shoes, leather, palm-leaf hats, cotton machinery, baskets, boxes, straw
braid, hatchets and school apparatus
annual value about $200,000.
The venerable Robert B. Thomas,
author of the Farmer's Almanac, is
a resident of this town.
There are
some mineral treasures in West
Boylston, and a spring, the waters
of which are strongly impregnated
;
with iron.
West
Bridge-^vatei',
Mass.
Plymouth co. This is the second daughter of the venerable
Bridgewater, who found it difficult
to find names for her progeny. This
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
daughter was born in 1822, and although not so stout as her sisters, is
healthy, comely and industrious.
The manufactures of West Bridgewater consist of iron castings, shovels, forks, hoes, ploughs, boots and
shoes: annual value, about $100,-
West Bridgewater is supplied with mill privileges by a branch
of Taunton river; and is 25 miles
S. from Boston, 19 N. W. from
Plymouth and 9 N. N. E. from
Taunton. The number of her children in 1837, was 1,145; increase
000.
m 7 years,
103.
In 1820, ancient Bridgewater
contained 5,662 children the whole
family, in 1837, consisted of 7,865
:
members.
IVestbroolc, Me.
Cumberland co. Thi^ flourishing
t6wn was taken from Falmouth in
1814.
It is
52 miles S. S.
Vv'.
from
Population, 1830,
is very pleasant.
3,238; 1837,3,755
West Cambridge, Mass.
Middlesex co. This was a parof Cambridge, called " Menotomy," until its incorporation, in
1807.
A part of the lands are low
and swampy, but the general feaish
tures
of
the
town are
pleasant.
Spy, Little, and a part of Fresh
ponds lie in this town they abound
with fish, and add much to the
beauty of the place. These ponds
cover an area of about 200 acres,
and furnish large quantities of ice
In this town are
for transportation.
some very pleasant villages, numerous country seats, and well cul;
Large quantities of
tivated farms.
milk are daily taken to the Boston
market, and this place is a considable mart for cattle from the interior
country.
bounded E. by
The Presumpscot river
Portland.
passing through the town from west
Sucker brook, though a small
stream, furnishes a good water pow-
with rich intervales, and numerous valuable mill
The Cumberland and
privileges.
Oxford canal also passes through
the town. This town is noted for
so great,
Augusta, and
is
to east, furnishes
its
working
cattle
it
which
are said to
equal any in the country.
The
principal pl;ice of business
in Westbrook,is at the pleasant village of Saccarappa, vi^here are large
operations in the manufacture of
lumber, and where has recently
been erected, by citizens of Portland, a large brick cotton mill, containing 2,900 spindles, and 104
looms, and which is in successful
operation.
Stroudvvater, another village, has
some navigation employed in the
fishery and coasting trade, and has
been celebrated lor the line ships
In Westbrook are exbuilt there.
tensive manufactures of tin ware
and combs, which are sent to all
parts of the United States.
The scenery along the canal, and
about the
falls
on the Presumpscut,
The descent
of this stream is
that dams are erected in
the town for appropi-iating its waThe meter nine different times.
chanical operations of West Cambridge consist of dying and printing
er.
pulverizing drugs, medicines and dye-stuffs, a turning and
sawing mill, and the manufacture
of saws, cards, boots, shoes, cabinet ware and chairs; total value,
the year endirig April 1, 1837,
$312,V>00.
West Cambridge is 6
miles N. W. from Boston, and 12 E.
by S. from Concord. Population,
calico,
1830, 1,308.
^Vesterly, R.
I.
Westerly is
Washington
washed by the Atlantic ocean on
the south, and Pawcatuck river,
which separates this state fvom
This
Connecticut, on the west.
maritime town has its principal harbor at the mouth of the Pawcatuck,
in which vessels are built, and in
which some navigation is employed
in the fishery and domestic trade.
co.
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
The Pawcatuck affords a great variety of scale and shell fish.
The surface of the town is generally uneven ; in some parts it
presents rugged features.
Its soil
varies from good to bad, but its average quality is well adapted to the
culture of all the varieties of grains,
grasses, fruits and vegetables common to the climate. The business
of the dairy is extensive and lucrative.
The village of Pawcatuck is very handsome it is finely located 6
miles from the sea, at the head of
navigation on the Pawca<^uck, and
at the falls on that stream.
This
village is the site of valuable manufactures, and of a large interior
trade.
It is crossed by the Providence and Stonington rail road, and
lies 40 miles S. S. W. from Providence, 5 N. N. E. from Stonington,
and 35 W. by S. from Newport.
There are a numl)er of pleasant ponds in the town, well stored
with fish.
Westei-ly was incorporated in 1669.
Population, 1830,
Its Indian name was Mis1,904.
;
quamicut.
West
1830, 353.
Westfield River, Mass.
This river, often called the Aga-
wam,
rises
Berkshire
north part of
It has many
exceedingly wild
in the
county.
tributaries, and is
and romantic in many places.
Its
main branch traverses the towns
of Plainfield, Cummington, Goshen,
Worthington, Chesterfield, Norwich, Montgomery, Russell, and
Westfield, and meets the Connecticut at West Springfield, 30 miles
N. from Hartford, Ct.
Westfield, Mass.
Hampden
of
co.
river.
It lies in a valley or basin
of about 4 miles in diameter, sur-
rounded by high hills, and is supto have been the bed of a
posed
lake
whose waters burst the Mount
Tom
range of mountains and discharged itself into Connecticut riv-
The Hampshire and Hampden
Orange co. This town is watered by Ompomponoosuc river, and
by a part of Fairlee pond.
The
surface is rough and mountainous,
but capable of sustaining a consid-
canal passes through this town, and
promises great advantages to its
trade and hydraulic power.
About a third part of the population of the village is engaged in
making whips. The annual amount
erable
in
connexion with Fairlee, in 1761;
dnd incorporated as a distinct town
in 1797.
It lies 28 miles S. E.
from Montpelier, and 12 E. by S.
from Chelsea.
Population, 1830,
841.
of that article manufactured here is
about $160,000.
There are also
three powder mills in the town, and
manufactures of tin ware, ploughs,
boots, shoes, leather, cigars, palmleaf hats, chairs, cabinet and wood-
en wares total annual value, about
$250,000.
The Westfield academy is in
hig;h standing
it has considerable
funds, and its annual number of
scholars is about 400.
Westfield was first settled in 1659.
It lies 99
Incorporated in 1669.
miles W. S. W. from Boston, 9 W.
by N. from Springfield, and 16 S.
:
Westfield, Vt.
A
Orleans co.
number of the
branches of Missisque river meet
in (his town, and afford a good water power.
part of the surface of Westfield is mountainous;
through which is the pass in the
Green mountains, called Hazen's
A
This is a place
on Westfield
singular beauty,
er.
Pairlee, Vt.
namber of cattle.
West Fairlee was chartered
Notch. Westfield was first settled
about the year 1800.
It lies 42
miles N. from Montpelier, and 44
N. E. from Burlington. Population,
:
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
by W. from Northampton.
Popu-
Hopkin's Hill,
valleys.
affords
an
tionary war, by Hezekiah Parmelee and others.
It lies 13 miles N.
N. E. from Burlington, and 32 N.
agreeable view of the surrounding
country.
The waters of the town
consist of the south branch of the
Pawtuxet, which rises here ; and of
the upper branches of Wood river,
which pass through it. There are
some manufactures in the town,
but the people are generally en-
W.
gaged in agricultural pursuits.
lation, 1837,3,039.
Westford, Vt.
Chittenden
was
co.
This township
settled soon after the revolu-
from Montpelier.
Westford is well watered by
Brown's river, a branch of the Lamoille.
The surface is rough, and
the soil good for grazing. Between
3,500 and 4,000 sheep are kept.
Population, 1830, 1,290.
Westford, Mass.
Middlesex co. This is a good
farming town, on elevated ground,
26 miles N. W. from Boston, and 10
N.W. from Concord. Incorporated,
1729. Population, 1837, 1,451. The
surface and soil of the town are
well adapted to the growth of grain,
grass and fruit, and large quantities of hay and vegetables are annuall}'^ sent to Boston and Lowell.
Quantities of fine granite, commonly called " Chelmsford granite," are
found here, quarried and transported.
Westford is watered by several beautiful ponds, and by Stoney
brook which rises in the town and
gives it mill privileges.
The manufactures of Westford,
consist of bar iron, shoes and leathannual value, about ^25,000.
er
The village is handsomely situated on a swell of fine land, commanding a beautiful prospect, of
great extent, and contains an Academy of ancient date and respectable standing.
:
West Greenwicli, R. I.
Kent
CO.
This town was taken
from East Greenwich in 1741, by
which it is bounded on the east. It
lies 18 miles S. W. from Providence.
Population, 1830, 1,818.
This town possesses a primitive geological character, and its surface
presents a diversity of hills and
'^Vestliampton, Mass.
Hampshire
co.
This township
is
generally good,
particularly for grazing.
There
is a valuable lead mine in the town ;
about 1,000 merino sheep are kept,
and some hats and leather are manufactured. It lies 8 miles W. by S.
from Northampton. Incorporated,
1772.
Population, 1837, 818.
rough, but the
soil is
West Haven,
Vt.
Rutland co.
This town was set
from Fair Haven in 1792.
It
lies 19 miles W. from Rutland, and
is bounded W. by lake Champlain,
and S. by Whitehall, N. Y.
This town is well watered by
Hubbardston and Poultney rivers,
and Cogman's creek on the foroff
;
mer
of which are handsome falls
and mill sites. The soil is productive of grain and grass
there is
much limestone and clay in the
town, and a large number of sheep
are annually sheared.
The site of the village is pleasant; it is a place of some trade,
navigation and manufactures. Population, 1837, 724.
:
Westminster, Vt.
Windham
This town is
co.
bounded N. by Rockingham, E. by
Connecticut river, and S. by Putney. It lies 82 miles S. from Montand 13 N. E. from NewPopulation, 18.30, 1,737.
This town was one of the first
settled townships in the state, and
being situated near a fort for the
protection of the country, it prospered rapidly. For some years the
pelier,
fane.
�;
NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
courts of law were held here
here
the legislature of the state held
several sessions, and here the massacre of the 13th of March, 1775,
was perpetrated.
The surface and soil of this town
are favorable for agriculture
and
various articles of produce are annually sent to market.
In 1837,
13,766 sheep were sheared in Westminster
;
;
The
principal and oldest village
delightfully situated in the east
parish, on the bank of Connecticut
is
river.
The main
street,
which
water power, which have so much
contributed to the rapid growth of
some of the neighboring villages.
IVestmiiister, Mass.
co.
This town
lies
on
the range of high lands which
separate the waters of the Connecticut and Merrimack.
From the
village a prospect is presented of
lake and mountain v/ith all the varied scenery which renders a New
England town peculiarly delightful.
Several streams, rising from large
ponds in this town and its neighborhood, produce a considerable
water power, which is improved
for manufactures of various kinds.
These waters are so elevated and
constant that, with a small expense,
they might be rendered exceedingly valuable.
They deserve particular attention of those in search
39*
mill
sites
in
part
this
of the
state.
This town lies 50 miles W. N.
from Boston, 20 N. by W. from
Worcester, and 7 S. W. from Fitchburgh. Incorporated, 1759. Pop-
W.
ulation, 1830, 1,640.
The manufactures
of Westminconsist of chairs, cabinet and
wooden wares, hats, boots, shoes,
straw bonnets, palm-leaf hats, card
ster
boards, saddlery, and leather
nual value, about $60,000.
:
an-
Westiuore, Vt.
is
perfectly level, crosses a table of
land about one mile in diameter,
considerably elevated above the
river, and also above the large and
fertile meadows by which it is approached on the north and south
and the whole is enclosed by a semicircle of hills which touch the
river about two miles above and below the town.
It is this barrier
which, while it contributes to the
natural beauty of the place, has,
by turning the water coui-se in another direction, deprived it of all
those facilities of access, and of
Worcester
of
Orleans co.
Willoughby's
This town contains
lake,
a
handsome
surrounded by
mounts Hor, Pico, and other elevations.
This lake is about 6 miles in
length, and one and an half in
Branches of Barton, Clyde
width.
and Passumpsic rivers rise in this
and other ponds in the town.
Westmore appears to be too high
sheet
of
for the
water,
habitation of
many
people
in 1830, it contained 32
or sheep
inhabitants, and in 1837, 10 sheep.
:
^Vestnioreland, ]V. H.
Cheshire co.
Westmoreland is
bounded N. by Walpole, E. by Surry and Keene, S. by Chesterfield,
and W. by Dummerston and Putney, Vt.
Its distance from Concord is 65 miles S.
1830, 1,647.
W.
Population,
This town is watered by several
small streams which empty into
the Connecticut.
The one issuing
from Spafford's lake in Chesterfield
is the largest, and affords some of
the best water privileges in town.
The present charter of the town
was granted by New Hampshire,
The first settlement was
in 1752.
made in 1741. The early settlers
were several times attacked by the
In one of their excurIndians.
sions, they killed William Phips,
the first husband of Jemima How ;
and in another, carried Nehemiah
How, the father of her second husband, a captive to Canada, where
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
he
died.
land
is
The
Westmoreby mountains,
vales, rivers and
ponds, than the
neighboring towns.
:
Weston, Me.
is
the half
Hampden
academy. It lies a few miles west
from Grand Lake it is watered by
Baskahegan river, and is about 90
Popumiles N. E. from Bangor.
:
1837,
213.
Wheat
crop,
same year, 4,706 bushels.
Weston, Vt.
Windsor
through
West
co.
Weston,
Fairfield co.
river passes
town, and on its banks
are some good land, son)e manufactures and two pleasant villages. It
was set off from Andover in 1790,
and organized as a town in 1800.
Weston lies QQ miles S. by W.
from Montpelier, and 22 S. W. from
Windsor. Population, 1830, 972.
this
Weston, Mass.
tled in 1738.
Weston was taken
It was setThe town is watered
by Saugatuck and Mill rivers, and
which furnish a
good water power. There are some
a pleasant brook,
valuable mills for manafactures in
the town, but the chief business
of the inhabitants is agricultural.
The soil is a gravelly loam, with an
uneven surface.
Weston is 60 miles S. W. from
Hartford, and is bounded N. W. by
Fairfield.
Population, 1830, 2,997.
" On Monday, the 14th of December, 1807, at about the break of
day, or a little after, the weather
being moderate, calm, and the at-
somewhat cloudy
and
foggy, a meteor' or Jire ball, passing
from a northern point, disploded
over the western part of this state,
with a tremendous report. At the
same time several pieces of stony
substance fell on the earth in Fairfield county.
One mass was driven
against a rock and dashed in small
pieces, a peck of which remained
on the spot.
About three miles
distant, in the town of Weston, another large piece fell upon the
earth, of which a mass of about
thirty pounds weight remains entire, and was exhibited the same
day at town meeting.
small
mass has been sent to Yale College,
and examined by a number of gentlemen.
It was immediately perceived by Professor Silliman to
contain a metal, and on presenting
A
it
Middlesex
Ct.
from Fairfield in 1787.
mosphere
This town was
incorporated in 1835.
It
township granted to
lation,
town
:
Essex CO. This is a part of the
ancient town of Newbury, and was
taken from it in 1819.
This pleasant town lies on the S.
side of Merrimack river; 33 miles
N. from Boston, 20 E. from Lowell,
and 4 W. from Newbury port. Population, 1S37, 1,448.
This is a fine township of land,
and many excellent farms and country seats are found within its limits.
Asbestos and marble are found
here.
Although most of the inhabitants
of the town are professional farmers, still there are manufactures of
bar iron, combs, chaises, leather,
and shoes
annual value, about
$75,000.
co.
of the
consist of boots, shoes, leather, machinery, ploughs, chairs, harnesses,
annual value,
pottery ware, &c.
about $60,000. Incorporated, 1712
"West Newbury, Mass.
Washington
The manufactures
surface of
less varied
to a
magnet
a powerful attraction
This is, we
be iron.
This is a township of good land with a neat and
proved
flourishing village. It lies 14 miles
W. from Boston, 9 S. by E. from
United States, in which the substance of this species of meteor
has been found on the earth, though
it has often been found in Europe.'*
Concord, and
brook.
co.
is
watered by Stony
Population, 1837, 1,105.
it
to
believe, the
first
instance in the
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
Wcstport, Me.
Lincoln co. This town is surrounded by the waters of Sheepscot
river and bay, and is bounded N.
by Wiscasset, E. by Edgecoinb and
Boothbay, and S. and W. by Sheepscot's bay and Georgetown. It is 29
miles S. by E. from Augusta. Population, 1837, 580.
Incorporated
in 1828.
Westport, Mass.
CO.
This town is pleassituated on Acoakset river,
near the mouth of Buzzard's bay,
on the line of Rhode Island ; 18
Bristol
antly
miles N. N. E. from Newport, 25
from Taunton, 10 S. by E.
S.
from Fall River, 10 S. W. from
New Bedford, and 60 S. from Eoston.
Five vessels belong- to this
place, engaged in the whaling business, and a number of small vessels are employed in coasting and
fishing.
The value
whale
imported
into Westport, the year ending
April 1, 1337, was $53,670.
The
value of the manufactures of this
town, the same year, was $69,375;
they consisted of cotton yarn, salt
and hoes. The number of sheep
sheared that year, was 2,392 ; value of the wool, ^2,551. This town
was incorporated in 1787. Population, in 1837,2,618.
of
Westport,
oil
Ct.
This pleasant town
Fairfield co.
was called Saugatuck, the name of
a river that passes through it, until 1835. It was taken from the towns
of Fairfield, Norwalk and Weston.
It is about 5 miles in length from
north to soiith, and
is
bounded E. by
by Long Island Sound,
Population,
and W. by Norwalk.
quite a business
and com-
place,
mands considerable
The Saugatuck
is
trade.
navigable
for
vessels of 7 feet draught of water
to the village, which is 6 1-2 miles
W. from Fairfield, 3 1-2 N. E. from
Norwalk, and 27
Haven.
S.
W.
from
New
About 2 1-2 miles south of the
village of Westport, is a smooth and
beautiful elevation, called CoTiipo.
It was at this place that the British
troops landed in April, 1777, when
on their expedition to Danburj,
They also returned to this place
when they embarked on board ot
their shipping.
men were
Seven
killed in
or eight
the vicinity of
the Congregational church in Westport.
Ball Mountain, a conical
eminence, covered with large trees
from its base to its summit, is situated a little south of the village, and
is a striking feature in the landscape.
West Q,uocldy Head, Me.
See Quoddy Head.
"West River, Vt.
This river rises in Weston, in the
county of Windsor, and passing S.
through the towns of Londonderry, Jamaica, Wardsborough, and
Nevvfane, in the county of Windham, it falls into the Connecticut at
the north part of Brattleborough.
This river receives many branches
in its course, which are good mill
streams
the main river is rather
sluggish, and fertilizes large tiacts
West river traverses
of meadow.
a distance of about 50 miles, and
waters a basin of 440 square miles.
:
West River Mountain,
N. H.
See Chesterfield and Hinsdale.
Fairfield, S.
1835, 1,800.
There are in the town, 2 or 3 cotton mills, 2 carriage factories, and
manufactures of shoes, hats and various other articles.
The village is
IVest Springfield, Mass.
Hampden
tifully
co.
situated
This town is beauon both sides of
its
confluence
with the Connecticut,
opposite to
Westfield river,
at
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
Springfield, to which it is connected by a beautiful bridge. Some
parts of the town are rough and uneven, and in some parts are stonyplains ; but the general character
of the town in regard to soil is alluvial meadow of an excellent quali-
On the summits of the hills
and along the rivers, a great variety
of wild and delightful scenery is
ty.
exhibited.
There are 1 cotton and 2 woolen
mills in the town, and manufactures
of leather, boots and shoes; annual
value, about $100,000.
In 1837,
there were 3,374 tleeces of wool
sheared in the town, which weighed 8,512 lbs., and sold for $5,107.
Good iron ore is found in West
Springfield, and a species of limestone, used for making water proof
cement. Incorporated, 1774. Population, 1837, 3,227.
West
Stocls.'bi'iclge,
Berkshire
which
Mass.
"Williams
co.
riv-
m
Richmond, runs
through the whole length of this
er
rises
town, and gives it a great hydraulic
power.
This town is bounded W. by the
state of New York, and lies on the
route of the great western rail road
from Boston to Albany.
part of
the town is hilly
but the soil is
generally good. Along the river
A
;
a valley of tine land which gives
to the village, and value to
the town.
Mines of iron ore are
found in this town, and an inex-
is
beauty
haustible quantity of
variegated marble.
The manufactures
beautifully
of the
town
bar iron, axes, brads,
machinery, marble, leather, wooden ware, &c annual value, about
$50,000.
West Stockbrida^e lies 135 miles
W. from Boston, 9 S. S. W. from
Lenpx, 26 E. by N. from Hudson,
N. Y., and 37 1-2 S. E. by S. from
Albany, by the proposed rail road.
Incorporated, 1774.
Population, in
consist
of
;
1837, 1,244.
Wetliersiield, Ct.
Hartford co.
dian Pyquag,
This town, the In-
was one
of the
first
towns in the state. It is
supposed that most of the Wethersfield settlers came round from
Boston by water, and arrived in July, before the Windsor and Hartford
settlers, who
came through the
wilderness, and did not reach the
Connecticut until about the 9th of
settled
November.
Wethersfield is bounded N. by
Hartford, E. by Connecticut river,
S.by Middletown, and W.by Berlin.
lies 4 miles S. from Hartford.
It
Population, in 1820, 3,825
;
in 1830,
3,853.
Piper's
river and other small
streams water the town, but afford
no important mill sites.
The area of the town is about 6
miles square, containing 23,000
acres.
This is an excellent township of land, having an undulating
surface, and exhibiting a beautiful
diversity of
hill
and dale.
The
generally a rich gravelly and
sandy loam, but in the western part
of the town, argillaceous loam prevails ; and some small sections in
the centre, may be considered as a
garden mould. It is well adapted
to grass and grain, and particularly
to esculent roots. The tract of alluvial upon Connecticut river is exsoil is
tensive and beautiful, and very
productive.
Among other agricultural interests in this town, the cultivation of
onions has long held a conspicuous
rank.
This is an important agricultural pursuit, although it occupies but a small portion of land,
and the service is principally performed by females. Wethersfield
onions have long been justly celebrated, and large quantities are
exported to the southern states and
the West Indies for a market.
The changing of the bed of the
river in this town has been the occasion of much litigation respecting
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
the
title
Mr. Butler,
upon which the
to the soil.
who owned
a tract
was encroaching, found after a
while, some of his land appearing
river
on the opposite side of the river,
and accordingly laid claim to it.
His claim was disputed, as he never owned land on that side of the
was a long time before
was decided. There appeared some difficulty in making
river.
It
this case
the jury who sat on the case, to understand the merits of the question.
Mr. Ingersoll, a relative of the IngersoU family in New Haven, was
the counsel employed by Mr. ButHe illustrated the case by
ler.
supposing that Mr. B. had built a
castle on the land in question. Although the ground on which it stood
might be overflowed, yet still it was
his castle, and also the ground on
which
it
stood,
and he had a right
property wherever he could
find it.
The case was finally decided in accordance with these views.
The State Prison of Connecticut
was erected in this town in 1826,
and the prisoners from Newgate
to his
prison, in Granby, were removed
here the next year. This building
is situated on the south margin of
cove, which sets back from
Connecticut river, at the north end
of Wethersfield village. The buildings of the prison form very nearly a quadrangle, on the south side
of which, stands the building which
The
is more properly the Prison.
apartments of the warden are situated in the east end of this buildsurrounds the
ing
the centre
block of cells 4 stories high, in
which the male prisoners are locked up. This hall or centre is 154
feet long, 43 feet wide, and 30 feet
high the number of cells or night
rooms is 200. The west end, is
used as the female department,
containing cells, rooms for labor,
kitchen, and apartments for the
matron. The east, north, and west
sides of this quadrangle, are formed by a wall 20 feet high. With-
the
;
;
yard are situated two ranges of shops one on the east side,
and one upon the west, in which
the convicts perform their daily labor.
The passage into the prison,
is through the warden's apartment,
into the guard room, thence into
the hall surrounding the cells,
thence into the yard. This is the
only passage, except through a
large gate on the north side of the
in this
;
yard.
Rocky
Hill, the south parish of
lies on a collection
of hills which are a continuation of
one of
the Middletown range
Wethersfield,
:
these
eminences, Rocky
given name
hill,
has
It has a
the parish.
pleasant little village on an elevated situation, 7 miles from Hartford,
with a landing at some distance,
where considerable commerce and
ship building were formerly carto
ried on.
JVewingtnn, the 2d society in
Wethersfield, was formerly called
Cow plain. The village is pleasantly situated in a fertile valley,
west of Cedar mountain the central part is 6 miles from Hartford,
and 4 from Wethersfield village.
The inhabitants are chiefly engaged in agriculture, and are distinguished for their general intelligence, and attachment to the institutions of morality and religion.
Many years since, a gentleman
of Newington, who was a very religious and conscientious man, married for a wife, one of the most ill
natured and troublesome women
which could be found in the viciniThis occasioned universal surty.
:
prise wherever he was known, and
one of his neighbors ventured to
ask him the reasons which governed his choice. The gentleman replied, that having had but little or
no trouble in the world, he was
fearful
of
becoming
too
much
at-
tached to things of time and sense.
And he thought by experiencing
some afflictions, he should become
more weaned from the world, and
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
that he married such a woman as
he thought would accomplish the
The best part of the story
that the wife hearing of the reasons why he married her, was
object.
is,
much
offended, and out of revenge,
of the most pleasant
and dutiful wives in the town, declaring that she was not a going to
be made a pack horse, to carry her
became one
husband
heaven.
Wetherstield was the scene of
one of the most horrible butcheries
ever committed ; that of the Beadle family, in 1782.
Beadle was an Englishman, and
came to this country in 1762. He
settled in Fairfield, where he married, and remained until about 10
years before this tragedy.
The
following are extracts from an account of this event, written by a
neighbor, and attached to the funeral sermon of Mrs. Beadle and her
to
children.
" When the war commenced, he
had on hand a very handsome assortment of goods for a country
store, which he sold for the currency of the country, without any advance in the price the money he
laid by, waiting and expecting the
;
the time would soon
he might
arrive
when
therewith replace his
goods, resolving not to part with it
until it should be in as good demand as when received by him.
His expectations from this quarter
daily lessening, finally lost all hope,
On
he expresses himfollowing extraordinary
manner ' If a man, who has once
lived well, meant well, and done
well, falls by unavoidable accident
into poverty, and -then submits to
be laughed at, despised and trampled
this subject
self in the
:
mean wretches as
below him as the moon is below the sun I say if such a man
submits, he must become meaner
than meanness itself, and I sincerely wish he might have 10 years added to his natural life to punish him
on, by a set of
far
;
for his folly.'
" He fixed upon the night succeeding the ISth of November for
the execution of his nefarious purpose, and procured a supper of oj'^sters, of which the family eat very
plentifully
that evening he writes
' I have prepared a noble
as follows
supper of oysters, that my flock
and I may eat and drink together,
:
:
thank God and die.' After supper
he sent the maid with a studied errand to a friend's house at some distance, directing her to stay until
she obtained an answer to an insignificant letter he wrote his friend,
intending she should not return
that evening
she
did however
return
perhaps her return disconcerted him and prevented him
for that time.
The next day he
—
;
carried his pistols to a smith for repair
it may be, the ill condition of
his pistols might be an additional
:
reason of the delay.
" On the evening of the 10th of
and was thrown into a state little
better than despair, as appears from December sojne persons were with
his writing
he adopted a plan of him at his house to whom he apthe most rigid family economy, but peared as cheerful and serene as
still kept up the outward appearusual he attended to the little afance of his former affluence, and fairs of his family as if nothing
ever to the last entertained his uncommon was in contemplation.
friends with his usual decent hospi- The company left him about nine
tality, although nothing appeared
o'clock in the evening, when he
in his outward deportment, which was urgent as usual for their stay
evinced the uncommon pride of his whether he slept that night is unheart.
His writings show clearly certain, but it is believed he went
that he was determined not to bear to bed.
The children and maid
the mortification of being thought slept in one chamber in the grey
by his friends poor and dependent. of the morning of the Ilth of De:
;
:
:
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
cember he went to their bed chamawaked the maid and ordered
ears,
and
fired
them at the same inwent through the
ber,
stant: the
her to rise gently, without disturbing the children, when she caine
down stairs he gave her a line to
the family physician, who lived at
the distance of a quarter of a mile
ordered her to carry it immediately,
at the same time declaring that Mrs.
Beadle had been ill all night, and
directing her to stay until the physician should come with her
this
he repeated sundry times with a
degree of ardor. There is much
reason to believe he had murdered
Mrs. Beadle before he awaked the
maid.
Upon the maid's leaving the
house he immediately proceeded to
execute his purpose on the children
and himself. It appears he had for
some time before, carried to his
bedside every night an axe and a
carving knife ; he smote his wife
and each of the children with the
axe on the side of the head as they
lay sleeping in their beds
the woman had two wounds in the head,
the skull of each of tliem was fractured
he then with the carving
knife cut their throats from ear to
ear; the woman and little boy were
drawn partly over the side of their
beds, as if to prevent the bedding
from being besmeared with blood
the three daughters were taken
from the bed and laid upon the floor
side by side, like three Iambs, before their throats were cut
they
were covered with a blanket, and
the woman's face with a handkerchief.
He then proceeded to the
lower floor of the house, leaving
marks of his footsteps in blood on
the stairs, carrying with him the
axe and knife, the latter he laid on
the table in the room where he was
found, reeking with the blood of his
family.
Perhaps he had thoughts
he might use it against himself if
his pistols should fail. It appears he
then seated himself in a Windsor
chair, with his arms supported by
the arms of the chair he lixed the
head in transverse directions. Although the neighbors were very
near and some of them awake,
none heard the report of the pis-
;
;
:
;
;
:
;
;
muzzles of the
pistols
into his
two
balls
tols.
" The line to the physician obscurely announced the intentions
of the man
the house was soon
opened, but alas, too late
The'
bodies were pale and motionless,
;
!
swimming
in their blood, their faces
mountain snow, yet life
seemed to tremble on their lips
description can do no more than
faintly ape and trifle with the real
white
as
:
figure.
" Such a tragical scene filled every mind with the deepest distress:
nature recoiled, and was on the
rack with distorting passions the
most poignant sorrow and tender
pity for the lady and her innocent
:
babes, who were the hapless victims of the brutal, studied cruelty
of an husband and father, in whose
embraces they expected to find security, melted every heart. Shocking effects of pride and false notions
about religion
" To paint the first transports
this affecting scene produced, when
the house was opened, is beyond
my reach. Multitudes of all ages
and sexes were drawn together by
the sad tale.
The very inmost
souls of the beholders were wounded at the sight, and torn by contending passions.
Silent
grief,
wuth marks of astonishment, were
!
succeeded by furious indignation
against the author of the affecting
spectacle, which vented itself in
incoherent exclamations.
Nature
itself seemed rufhed, and refused
the kindly aid of balmy sleep for a
time.
" Near the close of the day on
the r2th of December, the bodies
being still unburied, the people
who had collected in great numbers,
rage,
grew almost frantic with
and in a manner demanded
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
the body of the murderer: the law
being silent on the subject, it was
difficult to determine where decency required the body should be
placed many proposed it should
be in an ignominious manner where
four roads met, v.'ithout any coffin
or insignia of respect, and perfora:
ted
by a
stake.
Upon which
a
question arose, where that place
could be found which might be
unexceptionable to the neighborhood, but no one would consent it
should be near his house or land.
After some consultation it was
thought best to place it on the bank
of the river between high and low
water mark the body was handed
out of the window and bound with
cords on a sled, with the clothes on
as it was found, and the bloody
knife tied on his breast, without
coffin or box, and the horse he usually rode was made fast to the sled
the horse, unaccustomed to the
draught, proceeded with great un:
:
steadiness, sometimes running full
speed, then stopping, followed by a
multitude, until arriving at the wa-
edge, the body was tumbled
into a hole dug for the purpose, like
the carcase of a beast.
"On the 13th of December, the
bodies of the murdered were interred in a manner much unlike
that of the unnatural murderer.
The remains of the children were
borne by a suitable number of
equal age, attended by a sad procession of youths of the town, all
bathed in tears ; side by side the
hapless woman's corpse was carter's
ried in solemn procession to the
parish church yard, followed by a
great concourse, who with affectionate concern and every token
of respect were anxious to express
their heartfelt sorrow in performing the last mournful duties.
" The person of Mr. Beadle was
small, his features striking and full
of expression, with the aspect of
fierceness and determination ; his
mind
was contemplative
;
when
once he had formed an opinion, he
was remarkably tenacious
as a
merchant or trader, he was esteemed a man of strict honor and integrity, and would not descend to any
low or mean artifice to advance his
fortune.
He was turned of 52
years of age when he died.
" Mrs. Beadle was born at Plymouth in Massachusetts, of reputa:
ble
parents, a
comely person, of
good address, well bred, and unusually serene, sincere, unaffected
and sensible. She died in the middle of life, aged 32 years.
" The children, (the eldest of
which was
a son, aged 12 years,
three, daughters, the
youngest aged 6 years) were such
as cheered the hearts of their parents, who were uncommonly fond
of displaying their little virtues and
excellencies, and seemed to anticipate a continuance of growing parental satisfaction
alas, like earl}',
the
other
:
tender buds nipped by untimely
frosts, they did but begin to live
" It is more than probable, that
!
this man had for months past desired that some or all of his children
might be taken out of the world by
accident he removed all means of
security from a well near his house,
which he was careful heretofore to
keep covered.
His little boy he
often sent to swim in the river, and
has been heard to chide the child
for not venturing further into deep
water than his fears would suffer
him. He has at times declared it
would give him no pain or uneasiness to follow his children to the
grave
his
acquaintance knew
these expressions could not arise
from want of affection or tenderness for his c^iildren, but rather
imagined him speaking rashly in
jest.
He ever spoke lightly of
death as a bugbear the world causelessly feared.
It appears from his
writings, he at first had doubts
whether it was just and reasonable
for him to deprive his wife of life,
and offers against it only this reason.
:
:
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
he had no hand in bringing
her into existence, and consequently had no power over her life.
She set out on the 7th of November on a journey to Fairfield, which
he thought was by direction of
Heaven to clear him of his doubts
and remove her out of the way, at
the time the business was to be
done and his intention was to have
executed his design on himself and
children in her absence.
She proceeded no further than New Haven, and by reason of some disappointment, returned ten days earlier
than expected he appeared chagrined at her early return, and soon
began to invent some justifying
reasons for depriving her of life
also.
He finally concludes it would
he unmerciful to leave her behind
to languish out a life of misery and
wretchedness, which must be the
consequence of the surprising death
of the rest of the family, and that
since they had shared the frowns
and smiles of fortune together, it
would be cruelty to her, to be divided from them in death."
that
;
:
Addison co.
Weybridge is waby Otter Creek, which afLemonfair
fords it good mill sites.
tered
waters
Some parts of the town
the town.
are mountainous, but the soil is generally good
the basis being limestone, it yields good crops, and pastures about 6,000 sheep.
It lies 30
miles S. by E. from Burlington, and
is bounded on the S. E. by Middlebury. Population, 1830, 850.
:
Weymoutli, Mass*
Norfolk CO.
This was the second settlement made by white
men in New England. Mr. Thomas Weston, a respectable merchant
of London, who had been active
in promoting the interests of the
Plymouth
colonists, sent
and 50 or 60
men
40
two ships
colony
year 1622. The
to plant a
at this place, in the
Weymouth from a town in England,
was however permanently settled
by the Rev. William Morrill, Capt.
Robert Georges and others, in the
year 1624.
The surface of the town is pleasantly diversified by hills and valSome of the elevations are
leys.
commanding, and present delightful views of Boston harbor, Massachusetts bay and the adjacent
country. The soil is a strong gravelly loam, with a granitic super
structure.
This town was
formerl)'^
noted
particularly for its cheese of a superior richness and flavor; but little of which
now made in consequence of
is
the increased value of the lands.
Weymouth is finely watered by
large and beautiful ponds, and by
two important arms of Boston harbor, called Fore and Back rivers.
These rivers are navigable for large
vessels, and at their head are valuable mill privileges. Between these
excellent
for its
Wcybridge, Vt.
river, a sluggish stream, also
fate of the colony was as unfortunate as the designs of Mr. Weston
were philanthropic. By the unjust
and wanton conduct of his agents
towards the natives, the colony
would have been totally destroyed,
were it not for the timely assistance
afforded it by a band of men from
the Plymouth Colon}'-, commanded
The colby the gallant Standish.
ony was broken up, and Mr. Weston lost his life on the coast in atThis place,
tempting to reach it.
the Indian Wessagxisset, named
rivers,
daiine.«,
and between the towns of
and Hingham is a large
Braintree
tract
swelling land of
extending to Quincy,
of gently
good
and
soil,
is united to "Quincy Point"
by a bridge across Fore river.
Over this ground the turnpike road
between Quincy and Hingham
passes.
There are several pleasant villages in Weymouth, but the principal place of business in the town
Landing," so
is at " Weymouth
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
called,
or
Washin2;ton
Square,
at
the head of Fore riv^er, on the line
This place, being
of Braintree.
at the head of navigation for a large
and flourishing section of counti-y,
has long enjoyed, and must ever possess superior privileges as a place
of trade. About 1,000 tons of shipping is owned here, employed in
the fishery and domestic trade.
At this place are a number of
wharves, ware houses, a steam saw
mill, and manufactures of various
kinds.
Ship building is carried on
to some extent, and large quantities of lumber, flour, grain, lime,
coal, wood, &c., are annually sold.
Tliis village lies on the Ply-
mouth and New Bedford roads, 11
miles S. by E. from Boston, 24 N.
N. W. from Plymouth, 14 S. E.
from Dedham,5 W. from Hingham,
W. from
Boston Light.
south pai-t of
the town is pleasantly situated on
elevated ground, about 3 miles S.
The
from Washington Square.
people here are extensively engaged in the manufacture of boots and
and 9
S. S.
The
village
at the
shoes.
Stages pass between these villages and Boston, daily
and packets, for the transportation of merchandize, navigate the rivers about
nine months in the year.
The roads in this section of the
;
country are remarkably fine, and
many citizens of Boston make Wey-
mo ith
The
summer
residence.
manufactures of the town
are various, but those of leather,
boots and shoes, are the most conThe annual amount of
siderable.
these manufactures varies from
$.500,000 to $800,000.
Weymouth was incorporated in
IfiSo.
Population, 1820, 2,404;
1830, 2,839 ; 1837, 3,3S7.
This ancient town has been the
birth place and residence of many
men of great usefulness in society.
Among the number, the name of
CoTTOiv Tufts, M. D., M. M.
S. S.
their
A. A.
S.,
will long be
re-
membered
as a revolutionary patriarch and skillful physician.
"IVliately,
Mass.
Franklin co.
This town lies on
the west side of Connecticut river,
9 miles N. from Northampton, 11
S. from Greenfield, and 92 W. by
N. from Boston. Incorporated in
Population, in 1837, 1,140.
1771.
There are some pine plains, and a
part of Sugar Loaf mountain extends into the town from Deerfield
still there are some tracts of good
intervale land on the Connecticut,
and smaller streams, by which it is
watered.
The number of sheep in Whately,
in 1837, was 1,6.50 ; weight of wool,
value, $2,862.
There
4,9.53 lbs.
are 3 woollen mills in the town, 3
tanneries, 3 distilleries, and manufactures of gimblets, augers, hammers, brooms, brushes, palm-leaf
hats, boots, shoes, pocket-books, &c.
Annual value, about $90,000.
;
:
Wlieelock, Vt.
There is some
Caledonia co.
good land in this town, but a great
it is mountainous or hilly,
and fit only for the pasturage of
sheep, of which about 3,000 are
kept. The streams flow N. W. into
and S. E. into the
the Lamoille
Passumpsic.
This town was granted in 1785,
part of
;
to the charity
College,
school at
and named
Dartmouth
in
honor of
John Wheelock, who was,
at that
of that institution.
Wheelock lies 30 miles N. N. E.
from Montpelier, and 9 N. from
Population, 1830, 834.
Danville.
time, president
Wlieel^vriglit's
Pond, N. H.
See Lee.
^yiiite River, Vt.
This is the largest stream in the
on the east side of the Green
Mountains. It waters a basin of
about 700 square miles, and traverses in its course from Kingston, ia
state
�;
NEW ENGLAND
GAZETTEER.
Addison county, about 60 miles. It others, and soon after settled by
Populapasses through Hancock, Rochester, \Taj. Burns and others.
and Pittstield, in Rutland county, tion, 1830, 685.
and Stockbridge, Bethel, Royalton,
AVliitcliead, 3Ie.
and Sharon, in Windsor county, to
Lincoln co. An Island off the
its fall into the Connecticut at Hartford, about 5 miles above the mouth town of St. George, with a liaht
White river and tower 30 feet in height. The
of Queechy river.
receives many large tributaries
light bears about S. W. by S. 9 miles
the most considerable of which are from Owl's Head.
the three branches, so called, from
the north ; and Broad brook and
Locust creek from the south. This
\Vliite
Mountains, X.
II.
These mountains are
situated in
of Coos, in the north
stream and its branches, afford a
great hydraulic power; and large
tracts of country are fertilized by
It passes through a
»ts waters.
country of lofty mountains, deep
ravines and fertile valleys ; the
scenery of which is much enhanced by the devious course of this
the county
They extend
part of the state.
about 20 miles from S. "W. to N.
E., and are the more elevated parts
beautiful river.
20'
WTiite Cap Mountain, Me.
See Andover.
IVIiitefteld,
Me.
Lincoln co. Sheepscot river passes through this town, giving it fertility, beauty, and a good water
power. It lies 16 miles S. E. from
Augusta, and 14 N. from WlscasPopulaIncorporated, 1809.
set.
tion,
in 1837, 2,136.
Wheat
crop,
same year, 3,637 bushels.
Wliitefield, N. H.
This is an irregular
Coos CO.
township, lying S. from Lancaster,
W. from Jefferson, N. from Carroll
and Bethlehem, and E. from Dalton.
It is 120 miles N. from Concord.
Its soil is generally thin and light,
of easy cultivation and tolerably
though in the N. part low
good
spruce swamps abound. In this
town lie part of Blake's, Long,
Round and Little river ponds, be;
two other small ponds. The
second of these is a beautiful pond
of considerable size, abounding with
John's river passes through
fish.
Whitefield was granted
this town.
Jul'' 4, 1774, to Josiah Moody and
side
of a ransce extending many miles
Their base is
in that direction.
about 10 miles broad and their central latitude is
W.
The
44°
15'
N., and 71°
lono-itude.
these mounDr. Belknap,
An ancient travf^?. Agiocochnok.
dition prevailed among the savages,
that a deluge once overspread the
land, and destroyed every human
Indian
name
of
tains,
according;
beinsT,
except a single
to
powow and
his wife, who sheltered themselves
in these elevated regions, and thus
preserved the
nation.
race
The fancy
from extermiof the
natives
peopled this mountain with beings
of a superior rank, who were invisible to the human eye, but sometimes indicated their presence by
tempests, which they were believed to control with absolute authoriThe savages therefore, never
ty.
attempted to ascend the summit,
deemina; the attempt pei-ilous, and
success impossible. But they frequented the defiles and environs of
the mountain, and of cour^-e propagated many extravagant nescriptions of its appearance ; declaring,
among other things equally credible, that they had seen carbun
cles at immen-^e heiohts, which, in
the darkness of night, shone with
the most brilliant and dazzling
splendor.
President Alden states, that the
�NEW ENGLAND
White mountains were called by
one of the eastern tribes Waunibekketmethna: Waumbekket signifies it'^i^e, and methna, mountains.
GAZETTEER.
by a pretty good path, cut
purpose. The total distance
from Boston to the base of Mount
These
Washington, is 171 miles.
you pass
are very pleasant routes
through the capital of New Hampshire, a beautiful town ; you enjoy
a great variety of delightful and romantic river and lake scenery, and
are accommodated with good houses,
on
foot,
for the
:
we
Before
attempt a description
of these mountains, we shall endeavor to direct the traveller in
his course, from the east, the south
and the west, to this magnificent
exhibition of Almighty power.
gentlemanly landlords,
skillful
and
obliging stagemen.
Routes from Boston, through
Concord, JV. H.
the
road
rail
Nashua, by
to
rail
Travellers take
Lowell, pass
road, and then
to
by
stage through Amoskeag to Concord,
or take the Mammoth road at Lowell, through Manchester and Londonderry, or pass through Andover
and Haverhill, Mass. The distance
from Boston to Concord, by the
Mammoth road, is 65 miles by
Nashua, 72, and by the way of
Haverhill, 70 miles.
From Concord you pass to Meredith bridge,
either by the Shaker village in
Canterbury, 12 miles ; or Sanbornton bridge, 16 miles from Concord,
The distance from Concord to MerFrom
edith bridge is 26 miles.
:
Meredith
l3ridge
to
Meredith
vil-
from thence to Centre Harbor, at the north western
extremity of Winnepisiogee lake,
Here you have a fair
is 4 miles.
view of the lake for 15 miles, and
here you can be accommodated
with a passage down the lake, to
Alton, any day in the season of navFrom Centre Harbor to
igation.
Moultonborough is 5 miles, to Sandwich, 2, to Tamworth, 12 to Eaton,
6, to Conway, 8, to Bartlett, on the
south east side of the mountains,
10 ; to the entrance of the Notch,
12 miles; and from thence to the
" Crawford House," is 12 miles.
The Crawford house is about 9 miles
from the summit of Mount Wash-
lage,
is
9 miles
;
;
About two
thirds of this
traveled by horses, procured at the accommodation house
of Crawford the residue is traveled
ington.
distance
is
There is another route from Concord to these hills, by the way of
Plymouth, through the Franconia
Notch, that is very pleasant and
frequently traveled.
From Concord through Boscawen, FrankAndover, Hill, Bristol, and
Bridgewater, to Plymouth, is 40
miles from thence, through Campton, Thornton, Peeling, Lincoln,
to Littleton, through the Franconia
Notch, is 40 miles. From Littleton
to Crawford's, is 18 miles.
Total
distance from Boston, by this route,
163 miles.
lin,
;
From Plymouth to Littleton
roads are remarkably good,
the landscape delightful
but
scenery is not so beautiful as by
;
the
and
the
the
Winnepisiogee, nor so magnificent
as through the Notch of the White
Mountains.
The
Portsmouth and Dover
route, from Boston, is very pleasant
you exchange the beautiful scenery along the Merrimack, for a visit
to some of our most delightful Atlantic towns. On this route we pass
through the principal towns of Sa-
lem, Beverly, Ipswich, NewburyHampton, to Portsmouth, 56
miles from Boston. From thence we
go to Dover, 12 miles, to Alton,
at the southeastern extremity of
Winnepisiogee lake, 28 miles; from
thence up the lake, by steam boat,
to Centre Harbor, 20 miles, and
from thence, to Crawford's, at the
base of Mount Washington, as by
Total distance,
the Concord route.
by this route. 183 miles.
port,
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
route, from Boston, by steam boat and stage, is
another very pleasant way to reach
You
niouniainous region.
this
leave Boston in the evening, on
board one of our beautiful, seaworthy steamers, and take an early
The Portland
breakfast, the next morning, at
our friend Haskell's, at the " Elm
House," in Portland. The distance
from Boston to Portland is about 120
miles ; but distance, in this case, is
After
generally lost in sleep.
breakfast you take the northern
stage, and passing through Gorham
and other towns, to Fryeburgh, you
arrive at Conway, (the centre of all
the eastern routes,) 57 miles from
Portland, and find excellent accommodations for the night. The next
day you have ample time to go to
the Crawford house, and to prepare
excursion the next
for an aerial
morning. The distance from Boston, in this
way,
is
211 miles. This
the most expeditious route, and
has the charms of both ocean and
inland scenery.
is
The Connecticut River
route, to
the " Crystal Hills," is full of
beauty in almost all its course. You
leave Hartford and ascend one of
the most delightful rivers in the
world, to Littleton, N. H.,a disSome of this
tance of 1S8 miles.
distance may be travelled by water,
but the most agreeable mode of
travelling is by land, on either
As you pass
side of the river.
the principal towns of Springfield,
Northampton, Deerfield, Green-
Walpole, WindHanover, Norwich, Haverhill
and Newbury, you are charmed
with all the varieties of scenery,
field, Brattleboro',
sor,
which elevated mountains,
placid
and rapid waters, a wide, luxuriant
and densely populated alluvial basin
can yield. The distance from Littleton through Bethlehem to Craw18 miles. Total disford's
tance from Hartford, by this route,
House
206 miles.
40*
is
Tlie
Hudson River Route.
Ex-
these mountains from
New York by the Hudson river.
Lake Champlain, and back by the
way of Boston or Hartford, affords
cursions
to
our southern and western friends
a rich repast of New York and New
England scenery.
The distances on the Hudson
from New York to Troy are given
under Long Island Sound.
famed Minand Saraby the rail
The distance to the former
and to the latter 32 miles.
From Troy
to the far
eral Springs, at Ballston
toga, is a pleasant ride,
road.
is 2.5,
distance from Albany to Saratoga Springs, by the way of Schenectady, is 36 miles.
The waters of these springs have
long been justly celebrated for their
medicinal and exhilarating quali-
The
and a vast number from all
;
parts of the United States, and even
from foreign countries, resort to
them, either for health, or to join
ties
the gay and fashionable throng who
hold an annual festival around these
hygeian fountains.
The accommodations
at these
entertainment of
strangers, are of the first order:
no expense seems to be spared to
render them acceptable to their
villages, for the
numerous visitants.
These springs are numerous, but
generally contain the same fubstances, only in a greater or less
The most celebrated of
quantity.
them is the Congress, at Saratoga,
which has given, in analysis, 471,5
grains muriate of soda; 178,4 3-4
16,5 carbonate
carbonate of lime
3,3 1-2 carbonate of magof soda
nesia, and 6,1 3-4 carbonate of iron,
;
;
one gallon of water: carbonic
Temacid gas, 343 cubic inches.
perature through the year, 50° of
to
Farenheit.
A
few miles
east from Saratoga
village is Fish Creek, memorable
as the scene of the surrender of
Burgoyne's army, of 5,791 men,
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
to the Americans, under General
Gates, October 17, 1777.
From Troy to Whitehall, N. Y.,
is 70 miles by stage, and 72 by the
Champlain canal. In this distance
we pass Beniis' Heights, and forts
Miller, Edward, and Anne ; important stations during the revolutionary war.
JVhitehall is at the southern extremity of lake Champlain, and at
the junction of the canal with the
lake.
This place is an important
location for trade on Lake Chainplain, and of an extensive tract of
country.
The lake is navigable
here for all classes of lake vessels
and from this place steam boats ply
along the shores of this beautiful
lake to St. Johns in Lower Canada.
This is a pleasant and flourishing
town, and a great thoroughfare for
travelers in the season of navigation.
It is situated in the county
of Washington, and contains a population of about 3,500.
About a dozen miles west from
Whitehall lays Lake George, celebrated for the purity of its waters,
;
its enchanting island and mountain
scenery, its salmon trout, and above
all, for its history, as connected with
the memory of our fathers in their
glorious struggle for liberty.
This lake is about 35 miles in
length, and averages about 2 miles
in breadth.
It discharges its waters into Lake Champlain, near the
ruins of Ticonderoga, by an outlet
of 3 miles in length ; in which distance the fall is about 150 feet.
On some
of the islands in this
lake, crystals of quartz are found of
uncommon transparency and perfection of form.
Rogers^ Rock, is on the west
side of the lake, near the outlet.
It rises abruptly
between 300 and
400 feet.
It
received its name
from a Major Rogers, who, to elude
his Indian pursuers, deceived them
by asscending the rock, throwing
his pack into the lake, and changing his snow shoes heels foremost
thus inducing them to believe tha
he had leaped into the lake.
This is indeed one of the most
beautiful and romantic sheets of
water in the world.
From Whitehall to Burlington,
On this
Vermont, is 70 miles.
route we pass the memorable fortresses of Ticonderoga and Crown
Point; Mount Independence, and
a great number of beautiful towns
which skirt the lake on each side.
Opposite to Charlotte, Vermont,
11 miles S. from Burlington, in the
town of Essex, N. ¥., is Sj)lit
Rock, a great natural curiosity.
Tiiis rock projects into the lake 150
The
separated from
feet: it contains about half an acre, and is covered with trees. The height of the
rock, on each side of the opening,
is about 20
feet ; and appears to
have been rent asunder by some
great convulsion.
From the beautiful town of Burlington we cross the mountains to
Montpelier, situated in a delightful
valley amid the hills. The distance
is 38 miles.
On this route we tra/el
along the romantic banks of the
Winooski ; we listen to the rushing
of its waters down its mountain
course ; view its foaming cataracts,
and stop to admire the wonderful
Assures and fantastic mechanism,
which, in the course of ages, that
stream has wrought, by its ceaseless
current, amid these adamantine
feet.
the
point
is
main rock about 20
hills.
From Montpelier we pass to Connecticut river, and Littleton, N. H,,
a distance of 40 miles, and from Littleton to the base of Mount Washington, a distance of IS miles.
By this route from the city of
York, the distance is 386
miles from that city by the way
of Stonington, Providence, and the
nearest route from Boston, the disThis route
tance is 383 miles.
may be varied so as to enjoy the
beauties of Winnepisiogee lake,
by leaving Troy, 150 miles, for
New
:
�:
NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
Bennington, 30 miles, 180
;
Brat-
tleborough, 40—220; Keene,20—
240 Concord, 55—295 to the base
;
;
of the mountains,
tance, 401 miles.
106
;
total
dis-
These mountains are the highest
New England and, if we except
the Rocky mountains, whose height
has not been ascertained, they are
the most lofty of any in the United
in
;
Their great elevation has
always rendered them exceedingStates.
ly interesting both to the aboriginal inhabitants and to our ancesThey were visited by Neal,
tors.
Jocelyn, and Field as early as
1632 they gave romantic accounts
of their adventures, and of the extent and sublimity of the mountains.
:
They called them
Hills.
the
Crystal
Since that time this mountainous
region has been repeatedly explored by hunters and men of science.
Their height has been a subject of
much speculation ; but from the
best surveys, Mount Washington
the
is 6,234 feet above the level of
The following is the height
sea.
of the principal mountains above
Connecticut river at Lancaster,
to
Jefferson
of Washington.
situated between these two.
Madison is the eastern peak of
Monroe is the first to
the range.
north
is
the south of Washington. Franklin
is known by
is the second south and
LaFayette is
level surface.
its
known by its conical shape, and being the third south of Washington.
The ascent to the summits of these
mountains, though fatiguing, is not
dangerous ; and the visitant is richly rewarded for his labor and curiIn passing from the Notch
osity.
travelto the highest summit, the
the summits of Mounts
La Fayette, Franklin and Monroe.
ler crosses
he must pass
and cross several
These are neither wide
ravines.
nor deep, nor are they discovered at
In accomplishing
through a
great distance
a
wit
Adams,
««
Jefferson,
<«
Madison,
-
"
Monroe,
-
-
5,850 feet.
5,383
5,281
5,039
4,932
4,470
4,339
Franklin,
««
La Fayette,
Although these mountains are 65
miles distant from the ocean, their
<<
snow white summits
are distinctly
good weather, more than
Their ap50 miles from shore.
pearance at that distance is that of
a silvery cloml skirting the horizon.
The names here given are those
visible, in
;
for
the trees
fill
them up exactly even with the
mountain on each side, and their
branches interlock with each other
in such a manner, that it is very
difficult to pass through them, and
they are so stiff and thick as almost
Mount
to support a man's weight.
La Fayette is easily ascended. Its
extent of 5 or 6 acres,
and gradually slopes
away in every direction from its
It even has a verdant apcentre.
pearance, as it is every where covered with short grass, which grows
in little tufts to the height of four
Among these tufts,
or five inches.
top, to the
is
Mount Washington,
this,
forest,
smooth,
mountain flowers are thinly scattered, which add life and beauty to
summit
eye
is
The
prospect from this
to the N. the
dazzled with the splendor of
the scene.
is
beautiful
:
Mount Washington; N. W.
are
seen the settlements in Jefferson;
W. the courses of the Amonoosuck,
S.
as though delineated on a map
Moosehillock and Haystack
appropriated to the differ- W. the
generally
S. Chocorua peak ;
are discovered
ent summits. Mount Washington
the settlements and mounelevation, S. E.
is known by its superior
tains in Bartlett; E. only dark
and by its being the southern of
Mount mountains and forests. On descendthe three highest peaks.
a small patch of
by its sharp termi- ing this mountain,
Adams is known
water is found at its base ; from
nating peak, and being the second
:
;
�NEW ENGLAND
which the ascent is gradual to the
summit of Mount Franklin. After
crossing this mountain, you pass
over the east pinnacle of Mount
Monroe, and soon find yourself on
a plain of some extent, at the foot
of Mount Washington.
Here is a
fine resting-place, on the margin of
a heautiful sheet of water, of an
oval form, covering about 3-4 of an
acre.
The waters are pleasant to
the taste, and deep.
Not a living
creature is to be seen in the waters,
at this height on the hills
nor do
vegetables of any kind grow in or
around them, to obscure the clear
rocky or gravelly bottom on which
they rest.
small spring discharges itself into this pond at its southeast angle. Another pond, of about
2-3 its size, lies N. W. of this.
Directly before you, the pinnacle
of Mount Washington rises with
majestic grandeur, like an immense
pyramid, or some vast Kremlin in
this magnificent city of niountains.
The pinnacle is elevated about 1,500
feet a!)0ve the plain, and is composed principally of liuge rocks of
granite and gneiss piled together,
presenting a variety of colors and
forms.
In ascending, you must pass enormous masses of loose stones but
a walk of half an hour will generally carry 5^ou to the summit. The
view from this point is wonderfully
grand and picturesque. Innumerable mountains, lakes, ponds, rivers, towns and villages meet the delighted eye, and the dim Atlantic
stretches its waters along the eastern horizon.
To the N. is seen the
lofty summits of Adams and Jefferson
and to the east a little detached from the range stands Mount
Madison.
ISIount Washington is
supported on the N, by a high ridge,
which extends to Mount Jefferson ;
on the N. E. by a large grassy plain,
terminating in a vast spur extending far away in that direction E.
;
A
GAZETTEER.
and S. E. by a grassy plain, in summer, of more than 40 acres. At
the southeastern extremity of this
plain, a ridge commences, which
slopes gi-acefully away towards the
vale of the Saco; upon which at
short distances from each other,
arise rocks, resembling, in some
places, towers; in others, representing the various orders of architecture.
It
would be vain
in us to attempt
wonders
which here astonish and delight the
a description of the varied
To
beholder.
those
who have
vis-
mountains, our descriptions would be tame and uninteresting
and he who has never
ascended their hoary summits, cannot realize the extent and magnificence of the scene. These mountains are decidedly of primitive
ited these
;
formation.
Nothing of volcanic
origin has ever yet been discovered on the most diligent research.
They have for ages, probably, exhibited the same unvarying aspect.
No minerals are here found of much
rarity or value.
The rock which
most abounds, is schistus, intermixed with greenstone, mica, granite
and gneiss.
The three highest
peaks are composed entirely ot
fragments of rocks heaped together
in confusion, but pretty firmly fixed in their situations. These rocks
are an intermediate substance between gneiss and micaceous schistus ; tliey are excessively rough
and coarse, and grey, almost black,
with lichens. The mica in them is
abundant, of different colors, red,
black, and limpid, and though sometimes several inches in diameter, yet
most often irregularly stratified.
The granite contains emerald, tourmaline, of which are found some
beautiful specimens, and garnets,
besides
its
proper constituents.
Crystals of quartz, pyrites, actinote, jasper, porphyry, fluate of lime,
and magnetic iron ore, are someby a promontory, which breaks off times obtained.
abruptly at St. Anthony's Nose ; S.
During 9 or 10 months of the
;
;
;
�NEW ENGLAND
year, the summits of the mountains
are covered with snow and ice, giving them a bright and dazzling appearance. On every side are long
and winding gulleys, deepening in
their descent to the plains below.
Here some of the iinest rivers
of
New
England
originate.
Saco flows from the east side
the branches of
of the mountains
the Androscoggin from the north
the Amonoosuck and other tributaries of the Connecticut from the
west and the Pemigewasset from
the south, its fountain being near
The
;
;
;
The sides of the
that of the Saco.
hills are in many parts covered with
soil ; but this is very superficial in
all cases, and every spot, that can
be reached by running water, is
left destitute of every thing but
rocks and pebbles, of v,^hich likewise the river bottoms are excluIn these cold
sively composed.
and elevated regions, the period for
the growth of vegetables is extremely brief; the mourtains must
be forever sterile. T.-oss and lichens may be found near the summits, but of meagre and scanty
growth looking as if they had
wandered from their proper zone
helow, into these realms of barren
—
desolation.
visit of
GAZETTEER.
went thither about the end of
month," (August.) They set
out, probably, a few days after the
return of Field, dazzled by visions
of diamonds and other precious
minerals, with which the fancy of
this man had garnished his story.
" They went up Saco river in birch
canoes, and that way they found it
90 miles to Pegwagget, an Indian
town, but by land it is but 60. Upon Saco river they found many
ince,
this
thousand acres of rich meadow, but
are 10 falls which hinder
From the Indian town
boats, &c.
they went up hill (for the most
part) about 30 miles in woody lands,
then they went about 7 or 8 miles
upon shattered rocks, without tree
or grass, very steep all the way.
At the top is a plain about 3 or 4
there
miles over,
all
shattered
stones,
and upon that is another rock or
spire about a mile in height, and
about an acre of ground at the top.
the top of the plain arise 4 great
each of them so much water at the first issue as would drive
At
rivers,
Connecticut river from two
the N. W. and S. W.,
which join in one about 60 miles
Amoff; Saco river on the S. E.
ascoggin, which runs into Casco
and the Kenbay, at the N. E.
a mill
heads
:
at
;
;
The
nebeck at the N. by E.
or
described by Winthrop, mountain runs east and west 30
Mountains,
40 miles, but the peak is above all
It was peris worthy of notice.
went and returned
formed in the month of August, the rest. They
company with in 15 days." This description of
1642, by him in
probably comThomas Gorges the deputy-gover- the mountains was
to Gov.
Field, who v.'as liv- municated by Mr. Vines
Darby
nor.
Winthrop. It conveys a very accuing at Exeter,1639, has the credit
idea of them, as they now
of 'being the first traveller to these rate
also is strike the traveller.
His journey
mountains.
described by Winthrop, who says it
The JVotchof the WJiite Mounwas performed in the year 1632.
tains, is a phrase appropriated to a
He appears to have returned by
" The report he very narrow defile, extending two
the way of Saco.
between two huge
brought," says Winthrop, " of shin- miles in length
A
Mr. Vines
to the
White
ing stones, &c. caused divers others
to travel thither, but they found
Mr.
nothing worth their pains.
Gorges and Mr. Vines, two of the
magistrates of Sir F. Gorges' prov-
cliffs
apparently
rent
some vast convulsion
asunder by
of nature
:
probably that of the deluge. The
entrance of the chasm on the east
side, is formed by two rocks stand-
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
ing perpendicular at the distance of
22 feet from each other: one about
20 feet in height, the other about
12.
The road from Lancaster to
Portland passes through this notch,
following the course of the head
stream of the Saco.
The scenery at this place is exceedingly beautiful and grand. The
mountain, otherwise a continued
range, is here cloven quite down
to its base, opening a passage for
the waters of the Saco.
The gap
is so narrow, that space has with difficulty been found for the road.
About half a mile from the entrance
of the chasm is seen a most beautiful cascade, issuing from a mountain on the right, about 800 feet
above the subjacent valley, and
about 2 miles distant. The stream
passes over a series of rocks almost
perpendicular, with a course so little broken as to preserve the appearance of a uniform current, and
yet so far disturbed as to be perfectly white. This beautiful stream,
which passes down a stupendous
precipice, is called by Dwight, the
Silver Cascade.
It is pi-obably one
of the most beautiful in the world.
At the distance of 3-4 of a mile
from the entrance of the chasm is
a brook, called the Flume, which
falls from a height of 240 or 250
feet over three precipices
down
the two first in a single current,
and over the last in three, which
unite again at the bottom in a small
basin formed by the hand of nature
in the rocks.
The water is pure
and transparent, and it would be
impossible for a brook of its size to
be modelled into more diversified
or delightful forms.
It is by no means strange that
the unlettered Indian fancied these
regions to be the abodes of celestial beings
while the scholar, without a stretch of fancy, in calling to
mind the mythology of Greece,
might find here a fit place for the
assemblies and sports of the Dry-
—
;
ads,
Naiads and Oreades.
Avalanches or
On
mountains.
slides
from the
the 28th of
Au-
gust, 1S2G, there occurred one of
the most remarkable floods ever
known
in this mountainous region
and which was attended by the
awful calamity of the destruction
of a whole family, by an Avalanche or slide from the mountains.
These Avalanches, as they are
termed in Switzerland, are produced
by heavy rains they commence
generally near the highest limits
of vegetation on the mountains,
which, on some of them, is near
their summits
the slides widening
and deepening in their downward
:
;
course, carrying along all the tiees,
shrubbery, loose rocks and earth
from their granite foundation. At
tbis time there were probably thousands of acres reft from the sides of
the mountains and carried to the
valley in the Notch below.
The house inhabited by Capt.
Samuel Willey and his family, stood
on the w^esterly side of the road,
in the Notch, and a few rods distant
fiom the high bluff which rises
with fearful rapidity to the height
of 2,000 feet.
Adjoining was a
barn and woodhouse in front, was
a beautiful little meadow covered
with crops, and the Saco passed
along at the foot of the easterly pre;
cipice.
Nearly
range of the house,
the extreme point of
the westerly hill came down in a
deep and horrible mass to within
about five rods of the dwelling,
where its course appears to have
been checked by a large block of
granite, which, falling on a flat
surface, backed the rolling mass for
a moment, until it separated into
two streams, one of which rushed
down by the north end of the house,
crushing the barn, and spreading
itself over the meadow ; the other
passing down on the south side,
and swallowing up the unfortunate
beings, who probably attempted to
fly to a shelter, which, it is said.
in
a slide from
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER
a few rods disThis shelter, whatever it
might have been, was completely
had been erected
tant.
rocks weighing 10
50 tons being scattered about the
place, and indeed in every direction, rendering escape utterly imThe house remained unpossible.
touched, though large stones and
trunks of trees made fearful approaches to its walls, and the moving mass, which separated behind
the building, again united in its
The house alone could
front!
have been their refuge from the
horrible uproar around, the only
spot untouched by the crumbling
and consuming power of the storm.
The family consisted of 9 persons Capt. Willey, his wife, 5 children, and two men by the names
of Nickerson and Allen.
overwhelmed
:
to
;
Travelers visiting this section of
country, in autumn, will be gratified
with the rich and varied beauties of
Autumnal foliage, common in this
country, but more particularly so
and which is thus
at the north
described by Dr. Dwight.
" The bosom of both ranges of
mountains was overspread, in all the
changed from their verdure
towards the perfection of that color,
which they are capable of ultimately assuming, through yellow, orange, and red, to a pretty deep
brown. As the frosts at!ects different trees, and the different leaves
of the same tree, in very different
degrees ; a vast multitude of tinctures are commonly found on those
of a single tree, and always on
These
those of a grove or forest.
frost
also, in all their varieties
are generally full; and in many instances are among the most exquisite, which are found in the regions
Different sorts of trees
of nature.
different deare susceptible of
colors,
grees of this beauty. Among them
the maple is preeminently distinguished by the prodigious varieties, the finish, beauty, and the intense lustre, of its hues; varying
through all the dyes, between a rich
green and the most perfect crimson ;
or more definitely, the red of the
prismatic image."
Wlxitiiig,
Me.
;
inferior regions,
by a mixture of
evergreens, with trees, whose leaves
The annual foliage
are deciduous.
had been already changed by the
frosts.
Of the
effects of this
Washington
change
perhaps, impossible for an inhabitant of Great Britain, as I have
been assured by several foreigners,
adequate conception,
to form an
without visiting an American forWhen I was a youth, I reest.
co.
This town
lies
the head of Machias bay, and is
watered by several ponds and a
It lies 152 miles
good mill stream.
E. N. E. from Augusta, and 6 N.
Incorporated,
E. from M.ichias.
Population, 1S37, 462.
1825.
at
Whiting, Vt.
it is,
Thompson had entirely oaiitted, in his seasons, this line
Upon
part of autumnal imagery.
enquiring of an English gentlemiin,
the probable cause of the omission,
he informed ine, that no such scenery existed in Great Britain. In this
country it is often nmong the most
All
splendid beauties of nature.
the leaves of trees, which are not
mar'.v'^d, that
evergreens, are by the
first
severe
W^hiting lies 40
Addison co.
miles S. W. from Montpelier, and
It is
10 S. from Middlebury.
washed on the eastern border by
Otter Creek, but is without anyvaluable mill stream.
This is a fine farming town the
soil is composed partly of marl, and
affords excellent crops of grain and
hay about 7,000 sheep are kept
here.
Some years since fish were
introduced fi-om the lake, to Otter
:
:
Creek, at this place, and have been
found to multiply exceedingly.
Whiting
It
\va- first settled in 1772.
was named
in honor of
John
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
Whiting of Wrentham,
ulation, 1830, 653.
Mass. Pop-
^^Iiitingliam, Vt»
Windham
Deerfield river
passes through this town and forms
considerable tracts of valuable intervale.
The surface of the uplands is diversified
with a good
soil for sheep, of which many are
co.
;
kept.
weight of 2,292 fleeces of
wool, sheared in this town in 1837,
was 6,110 pounds, valued at $3,669.
ers, the
There are some manufactures in
the town of boots, shoes, leather,
straw bonnets, palm-leaf hats, wagon?, &.C.
The " Wesle3^an Academy," in
Wilbraham,is an institution of great
value, and in high reputation.
It
has considerable funds, and about
240 scholars attend throughout the
Scholars are received at this
year.
seminary from ten years of age
Sawdawga pond, in Whitingham,
rather a cuiiosity.
It is a handsome sheet of water, covering
about 500 acres. For many years and upwards.
The annual cost to
past earth has been forming over a scholar, for board and tuition, is
its surface, and from 75 to 100 acres
from $80 to $90.
This institution
of land now rise and fall with the Vv^as incorporated in 1S24, and is
waters of the pond.
governed by a board of trustees.
Among the first settlers of VerGreat excitement existed in this
mont, many remarkable instances of quiet town and vicinity by the
longevity and fecundity are found. murder of Marcus Lyon, on the
Mr. Pike had 28 children 19 9th of November, 1805. The murof whom were living a few j'ears der was committed by two foreignsince ; the youngest aged 25 years. ers, Halliganand Daley, who were
Mr. Benjamin Cook died in this hanged at Northampton on the 5th
town, a few years since, aged 106 of June, 1806.
He had followed the busiyears.
V/ilbraham lies 80 miles W. S.
ness of shoemaking through life. W. from Boston, and 10 E. from
He celebrated his hundredth birth Springfield. It was incorporated
day by making a pair of shoes, in 1653. Population, 1837, 1,802.
without the use of spectacles.
"Wiliiains' Rivers.
is
A
;
Whitingham was
first
settled in
17 miles W. by S.
from Brattleborough, and 18 E. S.
E. from Bennington.
Population,
1830, 1,477.
1773.
It
lies
Wickford Village, R. I.
See JVorth Kingston.
Wilbraham, Mass.
Hampden co. Tlie people
of
pleasant town are principally
employed in agricultural pursuits,
and are remarkable for equality of
property.
This town is watered
by the Chickopee and several of its
small tributaries.
The surface is
this
agreeably diversified by hills and
valleys, and the soil is well adapted
to agricultural and
horticultural
pursuits.
The products of Wil-
braham
are
numerous
;
among oth-
Williams' river, in
Vermont,
is
formed in Chester by the union of
three considerable branches, which
originate in small streams in the
townships of Ludlow, Andover,
Windham, and Grafton.
These
three branches unite about a mile
and a half to the southeast of the
two villages in Chester, and their
united waters, after running 15
miles in a southeasterly direction,
into Connecticut river in Rockingham, three miles above Bellows'
Falls.
Along this stream is some
fine intervale, and it afibrds several
good mill privileges.
Williams'
fall
its
name from the
celebrated Rev. John Williams,
who was taken by the Indians at
Deerfield, Mass., in 1704. and who.
at the mouth of this stream, preach-
river derives
�—
;
NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
ed a sermon
Williams'
his fellow captives.
to
river,
Massachu-
in
See West Stockbi'idge.
setts.
Williainsbiirgli, Me.
off
and called Barnard:
the
first
to
fact
this
the editor
when
pages of this edition were
printed.
The lands in Williamsburgh and
Barnard are undulating;, heavily
wooded, with
a fertile
The
soil.
population of Williamshurgh,
1837, was 120.
in
Williamsburgh and Barnard are
present but thinly settled
;
at
but in
consequence of a vast body of slate
for rooting houses and other purposes being found within their limits,
the lands within these towns must
enhance in value and increase in
population.
These
are
quarries
common
to both towns; they lie at
an elevation of from 150 to 200 feet
above Pleasant river, a branch of
the Penobscot, which passes their
northern and eastern borders, about
two miles distant.
These quarries are inexhaustible
and are stated to be
fully equal to the celebrated Welsh
They are situated 40 miles
slate.
in quantity,
the Bangor and Piscataquis rail road, now
and in proin operation to Orono
gress from Orono to tliese quarries,
the Bangor of the new world seems
likely to become as celebrated for
its tine slate as the Bangor of the
N. from Bangor; and, by
;
See Barnard.
old.
^Villiamsl>iirgli, Mass.
Hampshire co. The suiface of this
town is elevated and uneven but
,
and has a warm and
fei-tile soil.
It is watered by a good
stream which meets the Connecticut at Northampton. It lies 8 miles
N. W. from Northampton, and 100
W. from Boston. Incorporated in
it is
pleasant,
1771.
Population, 1837, 1,345.
41
ot
the
town
punches, bitts and bitt
and japan buttons,
stocking yarn, and lather boxes
annual value, about ^200,000.
The value of buttons, manufactured the year ending April 1, 1837,
was $102,500.
In 1837, there were 2,815 sheep
sheared in this town, whose fleeces
weighed 8,362 pounds, and sold for
augers,
This town was
Piscataquis co.
In 1834 the
incorporated in 1S20.
easterly part of the town was set
was unknown
The manufactures
consist of woolen cloth, (3 mills,)
boots, shoes, leather, hats, iron casting!?, axes, gimlets, screw drivers,
stocks, flexible
5,017.
^Villianistowii, Vt.
Orange co. This town lies on the
height of land between Onion and
White rivers; 10 miles S. E. from
IMonipelier, and about the same disFii^t
tance N. Vv'. from Chelsea.
Population, 1830,
settled, 1784.
This mountain town pro1,487.
duces good crops of grain and hay.
It pastures about 7,500 sheep.
The " Gulf Road," so called,
between Royalton and Montpelier,
This
passes through this town.
mountain pass is some miles in
length, wild and picturesque. The
mountains on each side of the gulf
are very high, and the sides are
so steep as to leave only a narrow
passage for the turnpike, and a
o-urgling branch of White river on
the south side, and of a branch of
Onion river on the north.
Williamstown, Mass.
Berkshire co.
This town
ated in a large and
is
situ-
valley,
romantic elevations,
fertile
surrounded by
and watered by lioosack and Green
These beautiful streams
rivers.
unite their hydraulic powers and
fertilizing qualities, to render this
remote valley a scene of competence and peace, and a delightful
retreat for the muses.
Williamstown lies at the N. W.
corner of the state, on the lines of
Vermont and New York 135 miles
W, by N. from Boston, 27 N. fiom
;
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
Lenox, and 36 E. by N. fi'om Albany, N. Y. It was incorporated
Population, 1837, 1,981.
in 1765.
There are
1 cotton and 2 woolen
mills in the town, and manufactures of potatoe starch, cabinet ware,
chairs, palm-leaf hats, shovels, hats,
leather, &c.
annual value about
:
$75,000.
streams give Willington some exmill pi-ivileges, some of
which are profitably improved.
There are about 2,500 sheep in the
cellent
The number
of sheep in this
flourishing agricultural town, in
the year 1837, was 8,000
viz:
2,000 Saxony, 5,800 Merino, and
200 common. The fleeces of these
—
sheep
er Wolcott, Esq. and others, for
in the year 1720.
It is about
7 miles in length, and 4^ in width
There is an abundance of granite
in the town, and good ii-on ore.
The surface is uneven and the soil
hard.
The Wiilimantic and other
£510,
weighed
sold for $13,965.
The village in
23,200
lbs.,
town.
Population, in 1830, 1,305.
24 miles N. E. from Hartford,
and bounded W. by Tolland.
It is
and
town is delightfully situated on a gentle rise
from the river. The buildings are
generally tastefully constructed and
command a great variety of superb
scenery. This town contains a tepid spring, of some repute in cutaneous diseases.
this
Williams College, in this town,
IS handsomely located.
It derived
its
name from Col. Ephraim
Williams, a native of Newton,
anJ a distinguished benefactor of
Williamstown. Col. Williams was
a man of talents, brave, witty, polite and popular.
He commanded
the line of forts on the west side
of Connecticut river, in the French
and Indian wars from 1740 to 1748.
In 1755, he received the command
of a regiment, and joined general
Johnson.
He fell at the head of
1,200 men, near lake George, on the
8th of September of that year. Col.
Williams, being a bachelor, gave
the most of his estate for the establishment of a free grammar school
at this place. The school went into operation in 1791, and in 17,93
the legislature vested it with college privileges.
See Register.
l¥illiitiantic Miver, Ct.
Also Village, see Windham.
Wiliiiigton, Ct.
Tolland CO. This town was sold
by the Connecticut colonj. to Rog-
"^Villistoii,
Chittenden
Vt.
This
co.
an ex-
is
town of a rich soil,
with an uneven surface, but not
cellent farming
mountainous.
It
is
very produc-
tive of all the varieties common to
a northern climate
its product of
wool, in 1837, was 9,225 fleeces.
:
Williston is watered by Onion river,
and some smaller streams but its
water power is small. It is 27 miles
W. N. W. from ?>Iontpelier, and is
bounded on the W., by Burlington.
;
Population, 1830, 1,608.
Thomas Chittenden was the
town. He came here
in 1774.
He was a member of the
fatiier of this
convention, which, in 1777, declared Vermont an independent state,
and was active in procuring its admission into the Union.
When the
Vermont Constitution was established, in 1778, Mr. Chittenden was
selected as a candidate for governor to which office he was annually elected, with the exception of
one year, till his death in 1797. He
was 67 years of age.
;
Wilmington, Vt.
Windham co. The east and west
branches of Deeriield river unite
in this town, which, with the waters
of Beaver and Cold brooks, and
of Ray's pond, a large and beautiful sheet of water; a valuable mill
There are
power is produced.
some fine tracts of lard in the town,
and a considerable portion that is
�—
NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
rough and hard
to
till.
There are
a number of mills of various kinds
in the town, and a pleasant and
thriving village.
Wilmington was settled before
the revolutionary war, but increas-
ed but slowly until the peace. It
lies 46 miles S. S. W. from Windsor, 14 S. W. from Newfane, and
17 E. from Bennington, Population, 1830, 1,367.
Wilmington, Mass.
Middlesex co. The surface
this
town
is
of
generally level, with a
The wood is
light and sandy soil.
chiefly pine, and much charcoal is
made. This kind of soil, although
unfit for the generality of crops, is
well adapted for the growth of
hops, of which large quantities, of
a tine quality, are produced in
Wilmington, and which frequently
afford the cultivator a large profit.
of 32 years,
inclusive, there were
During the period
1806— 1S37,
inspected at Charlestown, Mass.
76,860 bags of hops, weighing
16,167,182 lbs. The price varied
from 34 to 5 cents a pound. The
highest price was in 1817, the low1-5
est, in 1819 ; average price, 13
Total value, $2,169,430.
cents.
The town
is
watered by
a
branch
the Middlesex
of Ipswich river
canal passes through it, and adds
much to the beauty of its scenery.
Wilmington was incorporated in
1730. It is 14 miles N. N. AV.from
Boston, and 10 S. E. by E. from
Lowell. Population, 1837, 795.
:
^Vilmot, K. H.
Merrimack co. Wilrnot is 30
miles N. W. from Concord, and
87 from Boston. The streams forming Blackwater river have their origin in the vicinity of Wilrnot.
They afford a number of good mill
The 4th N. H. turnpike
seats.
from Concord to Hanover passes
through this town. It was made in
1803, through an entire forest, without any inhabitants for 14 miles
and about 6 miles below
The land near the turnbut
pike appears rude and barren
the acclivities on either side are
above,
Wiimot.
;
of
susceptible
town
leys,
cultivation.
The
composed of hills and valpresenting a rough surface.
is
no large collections of
mountains, excepting
Kearsarge, whose summit forms the
It was incorsouthern boundary.
There
are
w^ater, nor any
It receivporated June IS, 1807.
ed its name in honor of Dr. Wiimot,
an Englishman, who, at one time,
was supposed to be the author of
the celebrated letters of Junius.
Population, 1830, 835.
"Wilson, Me.
This town was incorporated in
1836, as " township number 9 in
the 9th range, north of the Waldo
Patent in the county of Somerset."
We repeat, that but very little information respecting a town is gained from its act of incorporation.
We
to
beg our friends "
Down
East"
write to us.
W^ilton, Me.
Franklin co. This is one of the
most flourishing agricultural townIt has a fertile
ships in the state.
soil, a beautiful surface, and two
It lies a little
pleasant villages.
distance from Sandy river, 5 or 6
miles S. W. from Farmington, and
38
W. N. W. from Augusta.
Wilton has an adequate water
power for common purposes, produced by streams issuing from
The
beautiful ponds in the town.
people are principally agriculturalists, and tested their skill in that
delightful pursuit, in 1837, by producing 11,071 bushels of good clean
wheat.
Wilton was incorporated
Population, in 1830,
in 1803.
1,140; 1837,
2,102.
AVilton, N. H.
This town is
by Mason, and W. by
Hillsborough co.
bounded
S.
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
Temple.
It is
9 miles
W. by
S.
from Amherst and .37 S. by W.
from Concord.
Souhegan is the
principal river.
Its main branch
enters this town near the S. W.
corner and proceeds in a N. E.
course till it forms a junction with
several
branches running from
Lyndeborovgh and Temple. These
flow through the N. part, and are
sufficiently
has sprung up within a few years.
This town has neither mountains,
ponds or swamps. It is in general
of strong and excellent soil.
Good
clay is found in plenty near the
streams.
There are several quarries of excellent stone for splitting
and hewing. The first settlement
was made
1733, by 3 families
Mass., 2 by the
name of Putnam, and 1 by the name
of Dale.
Hannah, the daughter
of Ephraim Putnam, was the first
child born in town.
The town
was incorporated June 25, 1762,
and derived its name from Wilton,
an ancient borough in Wiltshire,
England.
distressing accident
occurred in raising the second
meeting house, September 7, 1773.
The frame fell, and three men were
instantly killed
two died of their
wounds soon afterward, and a number of others were badly injured.
On July 20, 1804, the same meeting house was struck by lightning
and considerably shattered. Population, 1830, 1,039.
in
Danvers,
A
;
Wilton,
Fairfield co.
Ct.
Wilton was taken
from the north part of Norwalk, in
1802.
The surface of the town is
broken by two ridges of hills, but
the soil is a gravelly loam and productive of grain and a great variety
of fruit.
Agriculture is the principal
business of the inhabitants.
The town
is watered by Norwalk
and has a satinet factory
and other mechanical operations by
river,
ered and worked in this town during the revolutionary war. Wilton
lies 34 miles W. S. W. from New
Haven, and 6 N. from Norwalk.
Population, 1330, 2,095.
large for mill streams.
On these streams are some valuable
manu factures, and a pleasant village
from
A
water.
classical school, of hioh
reputation, was established here "in
1818, by Hawley Olmstead, Esq.
This school is worth a million of'
the silver mines that were discov-
\¥iiiclieiidoii,
Worcester
Mass.
This town was
It is 60 miles
N. W. by W. from Boston, and 34
N. N. W. from Worcester. Population, 1830, 1,463; 1837,1,802.
co.
incorporated in 1764.
The
surface of the town
is
uneven
and rocky, with a strong soil, which,
when subdued, is quite productive
of grain, grass and fruit trees.
There
are fine quarries of granite
and a spi-ing tinctured
;
with iron and sulphur, but which
is less visited tlian formerly.
Miller's river rises in this town and
in the
town
Ashburnham, and affords convenient mill seats.
There are 2 pleasant villages in the town, a cotton
mill, a woolen mill, and manufactures of cotton and wool bobbins,
leather, palm-leaf hats, chairs, cabinet and wooden wares
annual
:
value, exclusive
about $100,000.
of cotton
goods,
Tinder Warner, N. H., we gave
an account of a frightful tornado in
that and the neighboring towns in
1821.
It appears that this part of
the country was visited by a similar desolation, at the same time,
more than 40 miles distant.
Worcester paper thus describes it
" About 6 o'clock, Sunday evening, September 9th, a black and
terrific cloud appeared a little south
of the centre of Northfield, Franklin county, nearly in the form of a
pjM-amid reversed, moving very rapidly and with a terrible noise. In its
progress it swept away or prostrated all the trees, fences, stone walls,
and buildings which came with-
A
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
vortex, which in some places
not more than 20 rods and in
others 40 or 50. It passed from
in
its
was
Northfteld
Orange,
to
through Warwick and
the southwesterly part
of Royalston, where its force was
broken by Tully Mountain. Its path
was strewed for the distance of 25
miles, through the towns of Royalston, Winchendon, Ashburnham and
Fitchburg, with fragments of buildings, sheaves of grain, bundles of
corn stalks, clothing, &.c.
" Several persons were killed
and wounded, numerous houses,
barns, &c. deinoiished, and many
domestic animals, in the track of the
Large
tornado, were destroyed.
trees were taken 200 feet into the
air, and logs which would require
4 oxen to remove them were swept
out of the bed of Tully river where
they had lain for more than half a
ccnturj\ The ground was torn up
from the river to the mountain,
about 40 rods, from 1 foot to 6 feet
The surface of the earth
deep.
was broken throughout the whole
course of the whirlwind, as with
the ploughshare of destruction.
Stones of many hundred pounds
weight, were rolled fro;n their beds.
Lots of wood were whirled into
promiscuous heaps, with roots and
The aptops, and top? and roots.
pearance presented by the track of
the u'hirlwind, indicated, as near as
the writer can judge from actual inspection, that the form of the cloud,
and the body of air in motion, was
that of an inverted pyratnid, drawing whatever came within its influence towards the centre of motion."
Wiiiclie^ter, N. H.
This pleasant town
N. by Swanzey and
Cheiteriield, E. by Riclituond, V*'.
by Hinsdale, and S. by Massachuis
Cheshire
bounded
setts
line.
co.
It
lies
1'^
miles S.
W.
from Keene, 65 S. W. from Concord, 80 \V. from Boston, SON. from
Hartford, Ct., and 12 E. from Brat-
41*
tlebo', Vt. Population, 1837, 2,500.
Tlie face of this town
is
diversified
with hills and valleys. The soil is
of an excellent quality, furnishing
in abundance, all the agricultural
products natural to this section of
the country.
Ashuelot river passes through the centre of this town,
affording a number of mill privileges, and is bordered on each bank
by extensive intervales, of a fertility rarely excelled.
There are other small streams running in various directions through
the town, affording facilities for water
power.
The
centre village is on the S.
E. bank of the Ashuelot, and the
principal street, running parallel
with its border, has a number of
dwelling houses, with stores and
shops, 3 meetinghouses, an elegant
district school house, saw and grist
mills, shops for turning wood and
iron, an extensive establishment
for the manufacture of musical instruments of all kinds, and 2 organ
manufactories; and, at the lower
end, the street is adorned with a
beautiful row of native ever-green
trees, which extends nearly half a
mile.
Two miles west is another considerable village, containing 1 large
woolen factory,
1
cotton factory,
1
satinet factory, saw, grist and oil
mills, two furnaces, together with
shop?, stores, meeting houses, &.c.
In the S. E. part of the town
there are saw mills, grist mills,
clothier's
works, and
1 satinet fac-
tory.
This town was sacked by the Indians, and the inhabitants taken
prisoners or driven off in 1745 or '6,
and did not return under about 5
years to resume the settlement of
The former name of the
the place.
town was Arlington, and it was incorporated by its present name in
1753.
VViiiclxcster, Ct.
Litchfield
co.
Winchester was
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
Population,
incorporated in 1771.
The geological char1830, 1,76G.
acter of the town is primitive ; the
rocks consisting of granite, mica
The soil is gravelly,
slate, &c.
it affords good
hard and coarse
grazing, and its products of butter,
cheese and wool are considerable.
:
The Borough
of Clifton
was
in-
It is a flourcorporated in 1832.
ishing village, consisting of about
sixty or seventy dwelling houses,
and 4 mercantile stores.
The village is principally built in a narrow valley, on the banks of a mill
stream, called Mad river, which is
a tributary of Farmington river.
The valley at this place is but bare-
ly of sufficient width
admit of a
street, with buildings on each side,
the ground rising immediately in
every direction.
Westward of the
ergreen district," so named fror
the forests of hemlock and othe
evergreen trees with which i
abounds. These "Green Woods'
present one of the most impressive
scenes which can be found in an
American forest.
The branches
of the trees are thickly covered
with a deep green foliage, closely
interwoven overhead, nearly excluding the light of the sun.
The
scene forcibly reminds the contemplative traveler of the words of
Thomson, in his celebrated hymn
" Oh, ta'k of
Where,
Him
o'er Ihe
Fills the
in solitary
glooms
!
rock ihe scarcely waving pine
brown shaJe with a
'Wiiidl>ani,
religious
awe."
Me.
to
main street in the vill'age, a road
passes up a steep hill for nearly a
quarter of a mile, where, upon an
elevated plain, is an interesting lake
or pond, which is one of the largest
bodies of water in the state, being
3 1-2 miles in length and 3-4 of a
mile in breadth.
The outlet of
this lake presents a novel scene
it consists of a small stream, compressed within a narrow channel,
and literally tossed from rock to
rock till it unites with Mad liver.
Most of the manufacturing establishments in the village are situated on this outlet, upon which there
arts some of the
best natural sites
for hydraulic works in the state.
In this village are four large scythe
factories, one machine shop, and
five forges.
The ore to supply
these forges is brought from Canaan, Kent and Salisbury.
Winsted, or ihe East village, is
very pleasant, and contains a large
woolen mill, an extensive clock
factory, an iron foundry, and an
axe factory. This village is 26
miles N. W. from Hartford, 49 N.
by W. from New Haven, and 17 N.
by E. from Litchfield.
Winchester lies within the " ev-
Cumberland
co.
Windham
lies
on the N. E. side of Presumpscut
river, which separates it from Gorham. It is 76 miles S. W. from
Augusta, and 14 N. N. W. from
Portland.
This is a valuable farming town, and the inhabitants are
employed in agriculBranches of the Presumpscut give the town good mill privileges.
There are 2 pleasant villages in the town, some manufactures, and several beautiful fish
principally
ture.
ponds.
Population, 1837, 2,207.
"Windliam, N.
II.
Rockingham co.
This town is
34 miles S. by E. from Concord,
and 45 W. S. W. from Portsmouth.
Policy pond lies in this town and
Salem, about one half in each.
Cabot's pond lies E. of the centre
of the town.
Golden pond is in
the south, and Mitchel's in the
northeast part of the town.
Beaver river or brook forms the W.
boundary, upon which are some
meadow
lands.
The town
is
also
well supplied with small streams.
Windham was originally a part
of Londonderry ; and was detached
ond incorporated in 1739. The inhabitants, principally derived from
the first settlers of Londonderry,
have firmly adhered to the religious
�—
;
:
NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
principles of their fathers, to the
doctrines and forms of the presbyterian church as originally established in Scotland, and administered in this country.
Population,
1830, 993.
AViudliam, Vt.
Windham
the
AVindliaiu County, Vt.
JVewfane is the shire town.
This county is bounded N. by Windsor county; E. by Connecticut river
;
S.
by the
of
state
Massachuof Ben-
and W. by the county
nington.
It contains an
about 780 square miles.
tion, 1810, 26,760; 1820,
setts,
1S30, 23,748.
area of
Popula28,457;
Incorporated, 1789.
For some years it bore the name of
Cumberland. Population to a square
mile, 37.
The surface
of
much broken by
hills
county is
and valleys
very elevated,
the
the western part is
and contains a part of the Green
Mountain range.
The geological
character of the county is primitive.
Immense quantities of granite are found in all parts of the
county, both in quarries and boulders, most of which is of fine grain
and very handsome.
It also contains gneiss, hornblende, serpentine, primitive limestone, and mica, talcose,
chlorite,
and argellite
slates.
The soil of the county is various
from the rich and alluvial meadows
on the Connecticut, to the cold and
rugged lands on the sides of the
mountains. The general character
of the soil may be considered as
tolerable for grain and excellent
In 1837, there were
for grazing.
Some
76,532 sheep in the county.
of the wool is of a fine quality, but
generally it is about half blood.
Windham county is finely watered by Williams', Saxton's, and
West rivers, with their branches,
and by numerous other streams.
These waters give the county a
great hydraulic power, which is
rapidly coming into use for manufacturing purposes.
;
Branches of West,
CO.
Williams' and Saxton's rivers give
this town a good water power. The
surface of the town is elevated
soil,
though strong,
is
better
adapted for grazing than tillage.
About 4,000 sheep are kept here.
Windham was formerly a part of
Londonderry.
It is 30 miles N.
E. from Bennington, and 25 S. W.
fiom Windsor.
Population, 1830,
847.
The
actynolite
embedded
in talc,
found in this town, in slender
four sided prisms of a leak green
color.
The crystals vary in size ;
some are six inches in length and
an inch in breadth.
These crystals are abundant.
Chlorite, garnets, serpentine, and steatite are
is
also found.
Winclliani County, Ct.
Brooklyn
is
county town.
uniformly hilly,
is mountainous or
the
is
This county
yet no part of
very elevated.
is
it
The
prevailing
a primitive gravelly loam.
soil
The
greatest portion of the county is
stony and considerably rough, and
the lands generally best adapted for
grazing, and many sections afford
some of the richest dairy farms in
the state.
The Quinnebaug and
Shetucket, with their branches,
intersect this county, and afford
many valuable water privileges for
mills and manufacturing purposes.
The valley of the Quinnebaug river comprises the best land in the
The inliabitants of this
county.
county are more extensively engaged in the manufacturing business
than in any other county in the
Cotton and woolen goods
state.
are the principal
tured.
articles
manufac-
Windham county originally belonged to the counties of Hartford
and New London. It was incorporated as a county in May, 1726.
This county is bounded N. by
�ENGLAND GAZETTEEPw
NEVf
Massachusetts; E. by Rhode Island
S. by the county of New
London, and W. by ToHand county.
It contains aa area of about 620
square miles.
Population, ISIO,
28,611; 1820,31,634; 1330,27,077.
Population to a square mile, 44.
In 1837, there were 26,017 sheep
in Windham county.
In
memory
;
in
and the
The
co.
John
the
to
country
Windham,
in
for
Mason, James
throne,
fled
to
where he procured a
negro servant to attend him.
But
when advertisements and pursuers
were spread through this country, to
apprehend the adherents of the Protector, he left yirgi!ua,came to New
York, and from thence to Norwich. Still feeling that he should
be securer in a more retired place,
the
to this
first cellar,
new
plantation,
dug
and with his servant,
raised in Windham the first English habitation, in the spring of
1639. The settlers, rapidly increasing, petitioned the general court,
and obtained a grant of town privileges in May, 1692.
It was made
a county town in May, 1726."
Windham is bounded N. by the
towns of Hampton, Chaplin and
Mansfield ; E. by Franklin and
Lisbon, and W. by Lebanon and
Columbia.
It contains an area of
about 8 by 6 miles.
It has an
uneven
surface,
with
a
tolerable
soil.
The
is a copy of the
Lieutenant Gates'
monument, in the village burying
ground.
following
Inscription
on
ye support of ye Poor,
and another
Legacy for ye support
of ye School
in
said
town
He
in
for
ever.
died
Windliam,
July ye IGth, A. D.
first
in Virginia,
he came
and a generous
Legacy in Land
plate,
this
He landed
for safety.
Windham.
his last
CJiurch of Christ in
territory of
Fitch and others, in the year 1675.
" Lieut. John Caies, a pious puritan, who served in the wars in
England, holding his commission
under Cromwell, wlien Charles II.
came
setteiler in the
Will and Testament,
he gave a
generous Legacy
to ye first
town, Mansfield and Canterbury, was given by Joshua, a son of
Uncas, the celebrated Mohegan
to
of
Bv
this
sachem,
England,
first
Town
Wiiidliaui, Ct.
Windham
of
Mr. John' Gates.
He was a gentleman born
1697.
Since the removal of the county
courts from this place to Brooklyn,
and the establishment of the village of Willimantic, the ancient
village of Windham has somewhat
declined in its trade and population.
It is pleasantly located, compactly
and neatly built, and contains the
charm of antiquity, in as great perfection as can probably be found in
England.
This village is 30
miles E. from Hartford, 14 N. by
New
W. from Norwich, 44 W. S. W.
from Providence, R. I., and 12 S.
W. from Brooklyn. Population of
the town, 1820,2,439; 1830,2,812.
The Borough of Willimantic
is 3 miles W. from ^Vindham village.
It is well situated on Willimantic river: it is built principally
on one street, and contains some
very handsome buildings.
In this
village are six cotton mills, containing 13,000 spindles ; a paper
mill and a satinet factory.
This
nourishing village has grown up
in the course of a few years.
The
population of this borough, in 1837,
was
2,000.
JVillimantic River rises in tlie
county of Tolland, and with the
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEEPw
Natchaug, forms the Shetucket
in
Windham.
" Much pleasantry," says Mr.
Barber, " has been indulged at the
expense of the inhabitants of Wind-
ham, on account
of a sinjxular oc-
currence vvliich happened in the
year 175S, by which the inhabitants were very much frightened.
There is probably some exaggeration in the account, though the
foundation of the story is believed
to be a matter of fact."
We copy
it as an amusing relic.
" On a dark, cloudy, dismal night
in the month of July, A. D. 175S,
the inhabitants of V»'indham, a small
town in the eastern part of Connecticut, had retired to rest, and
for several hours, all were wrapped
when suddenin profound repose
ly, soon after midnight, the slumbers of the peaceful inhabitants
were disturbed by a most terrilic
noise in the sky right over their
heads, which to manj', seemed the
yells and screeches of infuriated
Indians, and others had no other
way of accounting for the awful
sounds, which still kept increasing,
but by supposing the day of judgment had certainly come ; and to
their terrified imaginations, the awful uproar in the air seemed the
immediate precursor of the clangor
of the last trumpet.
At intervals,
—
many supposed they
could distinguish the calling out of paticular names, as of Colonels Dyer
and Elderkin, two eminent lawyers, and this increased the general
But soon there was a rush
terror.
from every house, the tumult in
the air still increasing old and
young, male and female, poured
forth into the streets, " in puris
—
naturalibus,^^ entirely forgetful, in
their hurry and consternation, of
their nether habiliments, and with
eyes upturned tried to pierce tlie
Some
almost palpable darkness.
daring " spirits,'^ concluding there
was nothing supernatural in the
hubbub and uproar over head, but
rather, that they heard the yells
of Indians commencing a midnight
attack, loaded their guns and sallied forth to meet the invading
foes.
These valiant heroes, on
ascending the hill that bounds the
village on the east, perceived that
the sounds came from that quarter,
and not from the skies, as first believed, but their courage would not
permit them to proceed to the daring extremity of advancing eastward, until they had discovered the
real cause of alarm and distress,
which pervaded the whole village.
Towards morning the sounds in the
In the
air seemed to die away.
morning, the whole cause of alarm,
which produced such distressing
apprehensions among the good people of the town, was apparent to
all who took the trouble to go to a
certain mill pond, situated about
three fourths of a mile eastward of
This pond, hereafter,
the village.
in the annals of Fame, forever to
be called the Frog Pond, in consequence of a severe drought, which
had prevailed many weeks, had become nearly dry, and the Bull Frogs
(by which
it
was densely
j^ojju-
lated) at the mill fought a pitched
battle on the sides of the ditch
which ran through it, for the possession and enjoyment of the fluid
Long and obwhich remained.
stinately was the contest maintainand many thousands of the
ed
combatants were found defunct, on
both sides of the ditch, the next
;
morning.
It
had been uncommon-
ly still, for several hours before the
battle commenced, but suddenly,
as if by a preconcerted agreement,
every frog on one side of the ditch,
raised the war cry, Col. Dyer, Col.
Dyer, and at the same instant, from
the opposite side, resounded the
adverse shout of Elderkin too, ElOwing to some pecuderkin too.
liar state of the atmosphere, the
awful noises and cries appeared
to
the distressed Windhamites to be
directly over their heads."
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
Windsor, Me.
Kennebec
some
Windsor was
co.
in-
corporated by tbe name of JVIalta,
in 1809.
In 1S21 it took the name
of Gerry, and in 1822 it received
present name.
It lies 12 miles
from Augusta, by which it is bounded on the west. Population, 1837,
Wheat crop, same year,
1,660.
5,947 bushels.
This town is watered by the upper branches of Sheepscot river,
and by several handsome ponds.
its
The
surface of the town is diversithe soil is generally good, and
its agricultural condition improving.
There are some manufactures
in the town.
fied
:
"Windsor, W. H.
Hillsborough
co.
This town con-
tains only 5,JJ35 acres.
sified
with
hills
:
its soil
mit of cultivation. The soil produces fine crops of grain, hay, vegetables and fruits
the lands are
peculiarly adapted for grazing, and
about 200,000 sheep graze on its
varied surface of hills and valleys
:
The
beautiful Connecticut, which
its whole eastern boundary,
gives to this county large tracts of
alluvial meadow land, and aftbids
it a navigable channel to the sea
board, for its surplus productions,
and for its wants from abroad.
The hydraulic power of Windsor
county is verj^ large, and its local
position is such as to induce men of
enterprize and capital to embark in
manufacturing operations, which
are annually increasing with fair
prospects of success.
washes
It is diver-
strong,
is
grazing, and for bread stufis,
of which quantities sufficient for use
at home, and some for the markets
Black pond, near the
are raised.
centre, is said to be 160 rods long
and SO broad and one near the S.
E. corner of the town, is about
SO rods long and 40 wide,
Windsor was formerly called
It was incorpoCa7n}')h€lVs Gore.
rated with town privileges in 1798.
Population, 1830, 226.
good
parts mountainous, but gen
erally, it is not too elevated to ad-
Windsor, Vt.
for
;
^?yindsor Comity, Vt.
Woodstock is the county town.
This county is bounded N. by the
county of Orange, E. by Connecticut river, S. by Windham county,
and W. by Rutland and a part of
Addison counties. It contains an
area of about 900 square miles.
Population, 1810, 34,877
1820,
38,233; 1830, 40,625: population
to a square mile, 48.
Incorporated
;
in 1781.
Windsor county is watered bj^
White, Queechy, Black, West and
Williams' rivers, and by other excellent mill streams.
The surface
of the county is uneven, and in
Windsor
co.
Windsor was
first
uneven, but there are but few parts
of it unfit for cultivation.
It consettled in 1764.
Its
surface
is
tains large tracts of alluvial meadow, and the uplands are generally
fertile.
Mill brook waters the
south part of the town, and furnishes it with excellent mill sites.
The manufactures of the town are
numerous and valuable. The agricultural interests are also valuable
10,000 sheep are annually
sheared in the town, and many
neat cattle, horses and productions
of the dairy are annually transported to its various markets.
This town has become the centre of an important commerce, both
from the river and a fertile interior
country.
The favorable position
of Windsor, as a place of trade,
was early discovered, and it has
been fortunate in possessing a succession of men, who, by their enterprise and wealth, have rendered
:
it one of the most flourishing towns
on Connecticut river.
Windsor is situated on the west
side of that delightful river, 55
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
miles S. by E. from Montpelier,
105 N. W. from Boston, 55 N. E.
from Bennington, 95 S. S. W. from
Burlington, and 127 miles above
Population, in 1820,
Hartford, Ct.
1S30, 3,134.
2,956
tine and soapstone.
It is 117 miles
from Boston, 18 N. N. E.
from Lenox, and J 2 E. N. E. from
Pittsfield.
Incorporated in 1771.
W. by N.
Population, 1837, 887.
;
The
Windsor is on elevated ground, on the bank of the
river: it is couipactly, and somewhat irregularly built, but very
beautiful.
There are but few villages in our country which make a
more delightful appearance.
It
contains a great
number
of hand-
some dwelling houses and
stores.
Some of the private houses, churches and other public buildings are in
a style of superior elegance.
This
is the site of the Vermont State
prison.
The streets are wide and
beautifully shaded.
The scenery
around Windsor is highly picturesque ; from the high lands across
the river, in Cornish, which is united to Windsor by a bridge, or on
the Ascutney at the south part of
the town, some of the best landscapes in our country are presented to view.
Windsor, Mass.
Berkshire co.
This town
is situa-
which
Housatonick and Connecticut. Branches of the Housatonick and Westfield rivers rise here.
There are
some good fish ponds in the town,
ted on the ridge of hiirh lands
divides the waters of the
but no
important streams.
The
surface of the town is much broken, but the soil is warm and linely
adapted for grazing. Thei-e ai-o
some excellent farmers in Windsor,
and the productions of the dairy
and of cattle are considerable. In
1837, there were 7,157 sheep in
the town, principally of the Saxony and Merino breeds. Their woo!
weighed 21,3S7 lbs., and sold for
$10,521.
This town
is
remarka-
longevity of its inhabitants
which is doubtless owing to
the purity of its air and water.
Windsor contains beds of serpenble for the
;
"Windsor, Ct.
village of
Hartford co.
This most ancient
town in Connecticut is situated on
the west side of Connecticut river,
6 miles N. from Hartford.
Population, 1830, 3,220.
The surface
of the town is generally level, hav-
ing some
extensive
The
plains.
various, and free from stone :
some of it is light, but a large proportion of it is fertile, containing
extensive tracts of rich meadow.
Farmington river passes through
the town, and meeting the Connecticut, gives the town a good hydraulic power.
There are in Windsor 4 paper
mills, 2 manufactories of cotton
batting, and factories of satinet,
Kentucky jean, wire, ccc. Tlie
business in these manufacturing
establishments is very considerable.
At a place called Pine Aleadow, at
the commencement of the locks on
the Enfield canal, a variety of ship
soil is
and other timber is prepared for
maiket.
Pine Meadow is opposite
to Warehouse Point, in East Windsor.
The
centre village in Windsor is
extended on the banks of
pleasant!}'
the Connecticut
:
sliaded, and
lightful prospects.
v.'ell
it
is
weU
built,
commands
de-
Poqiionnuck village is a few
miles N. from the centre.
It is a
manufacturing village, delightfully
situated at the head of navigation
on Farmington river.
" In 1631, Wahquimacut, an Indian sachem, living near Connecticut
river, made a journey to Plymouth
and Boston, and earnestly entreated the governors of each of the
colonies to send men to make setHe repretlements on the river.
sented the fruitfulness of the country, and promised the English, that
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
they would make a settlement, he
would annually supply them with
corn, and give them eighty beaver
if
skins,
" The governor of Massachusetts,
although he treated the sachem
and his company with generosity,
p^id no attention to his pi-oposals.
Mr. Winslow, the governor of
Plymouth, judged it worthy of atIt seems that soon after
that, he went into Connecticut, and
discovered the river and the adjatention.
captain, on the 25th of October
Curter protested against Hohnes,
the builder of the Plymouth house.
Some time afterwards, the Dutch
governor. Van Twiller, of Fort
Amsterdam, sent a reinforcement
to Connecticut, in order to di-ive
A
Holmes from the river.
party
of seventy men under arms, with
banners displayed, assaulted the
Plymouth house, but they found
it
so well fortified, and the men who
kept it so vigilant and determined,
cent parts. It appeared that the
earnestness with which the sachem
solicited the English to make settlements on the river, originated
from the distressed state of the rivPekoath, the great saer Indians.
chem of the Pequots, was at war
with them and driving them from
the country, and they imagined
that if the English made settlements on the river, they would assist them in defending tiiemselves
against their too powerful enemies.
that it could not be taken witho\it
bloodshed.
They therefore came
to a parley, and finally returned in
peace.
"Governor Winslow of Plymouth,
about sixty men, women and children, with their horses, cattle and
swine, commenced their journey
from Massachusetts, through the
wilderness, to Connecticut river.
After a tedious and dithcultjourney,
heing pleased with the appearance
of the country, having vinted it,
the
Plymouth people made prepar-
ations for erecting a trading house,
and establishing
a
small
company
upon the river. In 1G33, ^Villiam
Holmes, with his associates, having
prepared the frame of a house, with
boards and materials for covering it
immediately, put them on board of
a vessel and sailed for Connecticut.
Holmes landed and erected his
house a little below the mouth of
Farmington river, in Windsor. The
house was covered with the utmost
dispatch, and fortified with palisadoes.
The Plymouth people purchased of the Indians the land on
which they erected their house.
This, governor Wolcott says, was
the first house erected in Connecticut.
" In June, 1634, the Dutch sent
Jacob Van Curter to purchase lands
on the Connecticut.
He made a
purchase of about twenty acres at
Hartford, of Nepuquash, a Pequot
"
A
number
of
Mr. Wareham's
people came, in the summer of 1635,
to Connecticut, and made preparations to bring their families and
make a permanent settlement. After having made such preparations
as they judged necessary, they be-
gan
to
remove
pro])erty.
On
their families and
the 15th of October,
through swamps and rivers, over
mountains and rough grounds, which
were passed with great difficulty
and fatigue, they arrived safely at
the places of their respective des-
They were
long on
time
and pains were spent in passing the
river, and in getting over their
tination.
their journey,
and so
so
much
cattle, that after all their exertions,
winter came upon them before they
were prepared.
" About the beginning of December, provisions generally failed in
the settlements on the river, and
famine and death looked the inIn their dishabitants in the face.
tress, some of them in this severe
season attempted to go through the
wilderness to the nearest settlement
in Massacliusetts.
thirteen,
A
who made
company
the
of
attempt.
�NEW ENGLAND
one of their number, Avho, in
passing a river, fell through the
The other
ice and was drowned.
twelve were ten days on their journey, and had they not received assistance from the Indians, would
all have perished.
Such was the
general distress by the 3d and 4th
of December, that a considerable
part of the settlers w^ere obliged to
leave their habitations.
Seventy
persons, men, women and children,
were obliged, in the severity of
winter, to go down to the mouth of
the river to meet their provisions, as
the only expedient to preserve their
lives.
Not meeting the vessels
which they expected, they all went
on board of the Rebecca, a vessel
of about 60 tons.
This vessel, two
days before, was frozen in, twentj'^
miles up the river ; but by the falling of a small rain, and the influence of the tide, the ice became so
broken, that she made a shift to get
She however ran upon the
out.
bar, and the people were forced to
unlade her to get her off. She was
reladed, and in five days reached
Boston.
Had it not been for these
providential circumstances, the people must have perished from fam-
lost
GAZETTEER.
the
summer
came
following, the
settlers
companies, and the
settlements at Windsor, Hartford
and Wethersfield were firmly esin large
tablished."
The first of the four following
epitaphs is supposed to be the most
ancient monumental inscription in
the state.
Heere
Ephraim Hvit,
sometimes
lyeth
Teacher to ye chvrch of
Windsor, who
died September 4th,
1644.
Who when hee lived wee drew ovr vilall breath,
dyiii^ was ovr death,
Who when hee d.ed
Who was ye stay of s ate, ye chviches staff,
liis
Alas,
tlie lliiies
forbid an epitaph.
Here
vnder lyeth the body of
Henry Wolcot,
sometimes
aMaiestrate of this Ivrisdiction,
who died ye 30th day
of
May,
Anno
Salvtis 1G55,
iEtatis 77.
Here lyeth
the body of the
Hon. Roojer Wolcott, Esq.
of Windsor,
who
for several
ine.
" The people who remained and
kept their stations on the river, sufAfter
fered in an extreme degree.
all the help they were able to obtain, by hunting and from the Indians, they were obliged to subsist
on acorns, malt and grains. The
cattle, which could not be got over
the river before winter, lived by
browsing in the woods and meadows. They wintered as well, or
better, than those that were brought
over, and for which all the provision was made, and care taken, of
which the settlers were capable.
great number of the cattle, however, perished.
The Dorchester
or Windsor people lost, in this species of property, about two hunUpon the
dred pounds sterling.
breaking up of winter, and during
A
42
Governor of the
Colony of
years was
Connecticut, died
May
17th,
Salutis 1767,
iEtatis 89.
Anno
Earth's hishesf station enrfs in "Here he lies ;"
Aud " dust to dust" concludes her noblest soiig.
To
LL.
the memory of Oliver Ellstoorth,
D., an assistant in the Council, and
a judge of the Superior Court of the
State of Connecticut. A member of the
Convention which formed, and of the
Convention of Connecticut,
State
which adopted the Constitution of the
U. States. Senator and Chief Justice
of the U. States ; one of the Envoys
extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary, who made the convention of
1800 between the U. Slates and the
—
French Republic. Amiable and exemplarv in all the relations of the domesand christian character.
tic, social
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
Pre-eminently useful in all the offices
he sustained, whose great talents under the guidance of inflexible integrity,
consummate wisdom, and enlightened
zeal, placed him among the tirst of the
illustrious statesmen who achieved and
established the independence of the
American Republic, Born at Windsor
April 2yth, 1745, and died Nov. 26,
1807.
The
ancient boundaries of Wind-
extended 46 miles in circumference, lying on both sides of the
Within these limits there
river.
sor
were ten
distinct Indian tribes cr
sovereignties.
In the year 1670
there was a large Indian fortress
at Windsor, and nineteen natives to
one Englishman
but another race
has arisen
mineralogy
still in all, but its hisfame, it has a rival at the east,
in the
Winnepisiogee of New
Hampshire.
There are more than forty differ;
toric
ent
ways
name of
was formerly written
of spelling the
this lake.
It
as though it had six syllables; but
the pronunciation which has generally obtained with those best acquainted with the region of the
lake, and the Indian pronunciation
of the name, was
Win-ne-pesock-e.
The following authorities
show this
Winnapusseakit :
:
Sherman and
Ince's Report, 1652.
Winnipesocket
Bartlett's
:
Narra-
:
tive, 1708.
:
TVinnipissocay: Penhallow's Wars,
''The chiefs of other days are departed.
They have gone without their fame.
The people are like the waves of the
ocean
Like the leaves of woody Morven,
They pass away in the rustling blast,
And other leaves lift their green heads
on
menced during
the revolutionary
The
Population, 1830, 571.
surface is rough, and the soil not
very productive.
rises in this
town
good water power.
It passes through a part of Jamaica,
and joins West river in Londonderit
Wlnncpissocay
Wmnipeshoky
TVinnej^esocket
1746.
:
:
:
:
Petition, 1733.
Petition, 1744.
Stevens' Journal,
Surveyor Clement,
Winipiseoce: Theodore Atkinson,
war.
atTords
Canterbury char-
1746.
^Viiiliall, Vt.
Winhall River
:
ter, 1727.
Winepesocky
high.'"'
W^inhall is
Bennington co.
bounded on the W. by Manchester, and is 33 miles S. W. from
Windsor.
This town was chartered in 1761, and its settlement com-
and
1726.
TVinaposaivgue
a
1746.
Winnepesacket
:
Governor Shir-
ley, 1747.
JVinipesockee
Bryant's Journal,
:
1747.
Winnapessocket : Map of New
Hampshire, 1750.
Winipisoky : Hon. George Boyd,
17S5.
Winnepisiogee
:
The
present
mode
spelling, pronounced JVinipisoky, or Win-ne-pe-sock-e.
This lake is situated in the coun-
of
However romantic and
Its form is very
ty of Strafford.
irregular.
At the west end it is
divided into three large bays ; on
the north is a fourth ; and at the
east end there are three others.
beautiful Lake George, the charmer of all travelers, appears in its
elevation, the purity of its waters,
its depth, its rapid outlet, its 365
islands which bespangle its bosom,
general course is from N. W.
length is about 22
E.
its
miles, and it varies in width from
one to ten miles.
This lake is environed by the pleasant towns of
ry-
Winiiepisiogec
This
charms.
its
lake
lialce,
possesses
mountain scenery,
its
N. H.
singular
fish, its
Its
to S.
;
Moultonborough,
Tuftonborough,
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
Wolfeboroiis;h, Centre Harbor, Meredith, Gilford, and Alton, and overlooked by other deligtful towns.
The waters
of the Winnepisiogee
are remarkably pure, and its depth
in some places is said to be unfathomable. Its sources are principally
from springs within
bosom.
its
Its
the rapid river of its own
name.
Its height above the level
of the sea is 472 feet.
It is stored
with a great variety of excellent
fish: in the summer season, steam
boats, sloops and smaller vessels
ply on its waters, and in the winter season it presents an icy expansion of great usefulness and
outlet
is
beauty.
Like Cisco bay and Lake George,
this lake is said to contain 3G5
islands.
Without supposing the
days of the year to have been consulted on the subject, the number
IS
very great
;
of
several
comprise farms of from 200
which
to
500
acres.
The beauties of this lake were
thus described, by the celebrated
Dr. Dwight, many years ago.
" The prospect of this lake, and
its environs, is enchanting; and its
beauties are seen with great advantage from a delightful elevation a
little distance from the road towards
Plymouth. The day was remarkaNot a breath disturbed
bly line.
the leaves, or rutfled the surface
The sky was seof the waters.
rene and beautiful. The sun shone
with a soft and elegant lustre;
seems peculiar to that deweather, which from the
20th of September to the 20th of
such
as
lightful
October, so often
elicits
from the
mouths of mankind the epithet of
charming. Mildness tempered the
and serenity hushed the
heat
;
The
immense
world into universal quiet.
"Winnepisiogee
which
Its borders,
an
silvered
floated on
field of glass
tre
was
;
now
in full
by the
its
lus-
surface.
view, now
dimly retiring from the eye, were
formed by those flowing lines,
those masterly
sweeps of nature,
from which art has derived all its
apprehensions of ease and grace
alternated at the same time by the
intrusion of points, by turns rough
and bold, or marked with the highest elegance of figure.
In the
centre a noble channel spread
;
twenty-two miles before the eye,
uninterrupted even by a bush or a
rock.
On both sides of this avenue
a train of islands arranged themselves,
finish,
by
as if to
adorn
it
with the
which could be given only
their
glowing
verdure,
and
graceful forms.
" Nor is this lake less distinguished by its suite of hills, and mountains.
On the northwest ascends a
remarkably beautiful eminence,
called the Red Mountain
limited
every where by circular lines, and
in the proper sense elegant in its
figure beyond any other mountain,
among the multitude, which I have
examined.
On the south ascends
Mount Major; a ridge, of a bolder
At a
aspect, and loftier height.
still greater distance in the south;
east rises another mountain, more
obscure and misty ; presenting its
loftiest summit, of an exactly semicircular form, directly at the foot
of the channel above mentioned,
and terminating the watery vista
between the islands, by which it i?
bordered, in a magnificent manner.
On the northeast the great Ossipee
raises its long chain of summits
with a bold sublimity, and proudly
looks down on all the surrounding
region.
" As we did not cross the Winnepisiogee, I am unable to determine
in what manner an excursion on its
compared with
which I made on Lake George.
That the internal and successive
waters might be
that
Winnepisiogee
beauties of the
strongly resemble, and nearly approach those of Lake George, I canThat tliey
not entertain a doubt.
exceed them seems scarcely credible.
But the prospect from the hill
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
the head of Centre Harbor is of the Piscataqua, rises in a swamp
superior to that from Fort between Hampton and N. HampGeorge; a fact of which hardly ton, and passes north into the Great
any thing could have convinced Bay at Greenland.
me, except the testimony of my
Wiuoosldl City, Vt.
The Winnepisiogee
own eyes.
See Burlington.
presents a field of at least twice
the extent.
The islands in view
Winslovr, Me.
of finer forms,
are more numerous
Kennebec co. This is a beautiThe
and more happily arranged.
The ex- ful town, opposite to Waterville it
shores are not inferior.
pansion is far more magnificent; is watered by Kennebec and Sebasand the grandeur of the mountains, ticook rivers, by several ponds, and
particularly of the Great Ossipee, by a fine stream, a branch of the
Its water power is
can scarcely be rivalled. It can- Sebasticook.
The soil
not be remarked without some sur- constant and abundant.
prise, that Lake Geoi-ge is annually of the town is fertile ; the surface
is
diversified, and rendered provisited by people from the coast of
England and that the Win- ductive by industrious and indepenWinslow is 18 miles
nepisiogee, notwithstanding all its dent farmers.
accumulation of splendor and ele- N. by E. from Augusta. It was
Population,
gance, is almost as much unknown incorporated in 1771.
Wheat crop, same
to the inhabitants of this country, in 1837, 1,557.
as if it lay on the eastern side of year, 6,910 bushels.
the Caspian." See Centre Harbor.
at
much
;
:
New
;
Wintlirop, Me.
Winnepisiogee River, W. H.,
Is the great outlet to the lake of
Kennebec
CO.
This town is finehaving a fertile soil, an
undulating surface, and comprising
six beautiful sheets of water
the
Cobbessecontee and some of its trib-
ly situated,
and issues from the
that name
It
southwest arm of the lake.
thence passes through two bays
between Meredith and Gilford, en- utaries. The largest of these lakes
tering the Great Bay in the north- or ponds is ten miles in length, and
From from one to three miles in width.
east part of Sanbornton,
thence it passes through two other These waters give to Winthrop a
bays, forming the boundary between valuable water power, and which is
Sanbornton on the northwest, and partly improved by a large cotton
Gilmanton and Northfield on the mill, a flour mill, carding and cloth
and unites with the dressing establishments, saw mills,
southeast;
;
;
Pemigewasset a short distance beThe stream
low Webster's falls.
is rapid in its course, and has a fall
of 232 feet from the lake to its
junction with the other branch of
this name being
the Merrimack
given to the confluent stream.
There are also in the town
extensive manufactures of leather,
boots and shoes.
&.C.
The principal village is delightfully located, in the form of a cres-
the union of the North
extending into Readfield,
There are numerous bridges over about six miles, with the South lake
which also extending into Monmouth, about
the Winnepisiogee
furnishes many excellent privileges the same distance. This village is
10 miles W. from Augusta.
The
for factories or other machinery.
East village likewise is pleasantly
See Merrimack River.
situated at the northern extremity
Winuicut River, W. H.,
of the large lake, and is about 6
Or the TVinniconett, a tributary miles from Augusta.
:
;
cent,
lake,
at
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
These
villages
are neatly built,
and are nourishing places of business.
The
lakes add mucJi to the
The descent
beauty of the town.
of their banks is gently sloping,
with a dispersion of acclivities,
which serve to heighten the beauty
their waters are
of the scenery
deep, clear, and ai"e stocked with
an abundance of trout, pickerel,
perch, and other fish.
There is in this town an elevated
:
of land containing an inexhaustible quantity of iron ore, or the
material from which copperas is
manufactured.
Large quantities
of copperas were made here during
the late war, and it is thought that
this ore might be advantageously
used in times of peace.
tract
Winthrop is an excellent farming
town, and the moral character of
its inhabitants is said to be uncom-
monly good.
It was incorporated
Population, 1837, 2,003.
crop, same year, 5,194 bush-
in 1771.
Wheat
els.
lumber
and ship building, this
largely and profitably engaged in the fisbery, for which purplace
it is admirably
located.
The
tonnage of this district in 1837, was
suit
11,662 tons.
The village of Wiscasset is delightfully situated on rising ground,
in view of the harbor.
The court
house, churches, stores, and dwelling houses are built with taste, and
many of them with elegance.
more beautiful village is rarely
seen.
A
"Woburn, Mass.
Middlesex
Wiscasset, Mc.
WisShire town.
casset is a port of entry, situated
on the west side of Sheepscot river, 20 miles from the sea ; 24 miles
S. S. E. from Augusta, 42 N. E.
from Portland, and 10 N. E. from
Bath.
It was incorporated in 1760.
Population, 1837, 2,24G.
Wiscasset contains a noble harbor for vessels of the largest class
it is easy of access and seldom obstructed by ice.
For many years
previous to the commencement of
the commercial restrictions, in 1807,
"Wiscasset was one of the most active and flourishing sea ports in
Maine. During the disastrous period which followed, Wiscasset suffered severely, in common with all
towns largely engaged in naviga:
tion.
Since the termination of the war
the town has been slowly but safely
progressing in wealth and prosperity.
In addition to its commerce in
42*
This town
co.
is sit-
uated 10 miles N. W. by N. from
Boston, 12 E. by N. from Concord,
and 14 W. from Salem.
It was
incorporated in 1642, and first settled in 1640.
Population, 1830,
1,977; 18.37, 2,643.
There are some elevations in Woburn which give the surface a variegated and pleasing aspect. There
considerable
is
Lincoln co.
is
wood land
in
the
town, and some pine plain land;
but the soil is generally strong,
fertile and well improved.
It contains
some beautiful farms.
The manufactures
of the town
consist of leather, boots, shoes, india rubber, chairs, door sashes,
blinds, tin, cabinet and wooden
wares
value, the year end1837, $421,042.
Horn Pond in this town is a delightful sheet of water, surrounded
:
total
ing April,
1,
by evergeens, and
is
so
remarkable
for its rural beauties as
many
to
attract
from a distance. This
pond serves as a passage for the
visitors
Middlesex canal it also furnishes
town with a water power of
The waters of this
some value.
and several smaller ponds in Woburn fall into Mystic river, through
Mystic pond in Medford.
;
the
Wolcott, Vt.
Wolcott is well
Lamoille co.
watered by Lamoille river, and by
Green and Wild Branch, its branch-
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
" Fish Pond," in Wolcott, is a
63.
pretty piece of water, and bears
There is
an appropriate name.
some good grain land in the town,
but most of the lands are fit only
There are some
for pasturage.
mills in the town, and about 1,500
sheep.
Wolcott was chartered in 17S1.
It is 22 miles N. from Montpelier,
and 7 S. E. from Hyde Park. Population, 1830, 492.
Wolcott,
Ct.
New Haven co. This is a small
town, watered by abranchof Naugatuck river
22 miles N. from
;
New
Population, 1830,
Haven.
843.
The town was incorporated
in 1796.
The territory was formerly a parish in the towns of Farmington and Waterbury and from
that circumstance was called " Farmingbury."
The lands in Wolcott are elevated, rough, stony, and
One of the
hard to cultivate.
;
highest
hills
in
state lies in this
part of
this
town
:
it
the
commands
Long
a very extended prospect of
Island Sound
country.
and
the
adjacent
Wolcottville, Ct.
See Torrington.
siderable magnitude, called Crook
ed, Rust's, Barton's, and Sargent's
ponds.
There is a bridge over
Smith's river about 60 feet long,
near its entrance into the lake
Near this bridge is a pleasant vil
lage.
The charter of Wolfeborough
was granted in 1770, to Gov. John
Wentworth, Mark H. Wentworth
Gov. Wentworth, distinguished for his enterprise and
and others.
taste, and a fondness for agricultural
improvements, erected a splendid
mansion about 5 miles east of the
bridge, and made it his summer
residence.
At the foot of a hill, near one of
the ponds in this town, is a mineral spring, the waters of which are
of a quality similar to those of Saratoga, but not so strongly impregnated.
Population, 1830, 1,928.
Wouasquatucket River, R.
Providence
This
and after passing
nearly through that town, it runs
between North Providence and
Johnston, and forms the head of
Providence river.
This stream is
celebrated for its hydraulic power
and the numerous manufacturing
establishments erected on its banks.
co.
This town
"Woodljridge, Ct.
is
45
miles N. N. W. from Portsmouth,
and 45 N. E. from Concord.
It is
bounded S. E. by Brookfield and
New
Durham,
S.
W. by Winne-
pisiogee lake and Alton, N. E. by
Ossipee, and N. W. by Tuftonbo-
rough.
The
soil is rocky, but producand the face of the country
level.
The wood is principally oak
and other hard timber. The only
river is Smith's, so called from a
hunter of that name it issues from
a large pond of the same name in
the S. E. part of the town, and
discharges its waters into the lake.
There are four other ponds of con-
tive,
:
co.
Smithfield,
in
Wolfeljoroiigli, N. H.
Strafford
I.
river rises
New Haven
co.
The
territory
of this town belonged to the towns
of
Haven and Milford, and
was called the parish of " Amity,"
from 1739, until its incorporation in
1784.
West river runs on the west
side of West Rock, a range of mountains on the eastern border of the
town.
The surface of the town is
New
but the soil is excellent for
and much butter and
cheese is annually taken to the
New Haven market, from which it
hilly,
grazing,
Population, in
6 miles S. W.
1830, 844.
The regicides, Goffe and Whalley, had a number of places of concealment in the limits of Woodlies
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
bridge, the most noted of which is
Hatchet Harbor or the Lodge, near
a beautiful spring, in a valley, about
Haven.
7 miles from
New
"Woodbury, Vt.
Washington co.
Woodbury is
watered by branches of Onion and
Lamoille rivers, and contains a
greater number of ponds than any
other town in the state.
These
ponds afibrd a great variety of fish.
Woodbury
lies 15 miles N. by E.
from Montpelier. Population, 1800,
23; 1820,432; 1830,824.
AVoodljury, Ct.
Litchfield
co.
The
Woodford contains several large
ponds, from which issue branches
of Woloomsack and Deerfield livThere is a good deal of Avild
ers.
scenery on the road in crossing the
mountains from Bennington through
Woodford and Searsburt-h: the
gurgling of the streams down the
mountain sides, allay, in a great
degree, the fatigue of the jourThe greater part of this
ney.
township is too elevated and broken
It is a good locafor cultivation.
tion for the sportsman ; for fish and
fowl are abundant, and the deer,
the bear, and other wild animals,
roam with almost undisputed sway
settlement
town commenced in the
year 1672 in 1674, it was incorpo-
Wood's Hole, Mass.
of this
:
See Falmouth.
rated.
This
a good grazing
township
the soil is generally warm and fertile.
Between four and five thousand sheep are annually sheared in
is
Woodbury.
The
village is situated in a pleasant valley, and watered by a number of small streams, which foim
the Pomperaug.
surrounded
by high hills on every side, forming
a kind of amphitheatre, which renIt is
ders it strikingly romantic.
The
village contains some handsome
buildings, three satinet, one tin and
This place lies
two nail factories.
Haven,
25 miles N. W. from
36 W. S. W. from Hartford, and 15
Population, in
S. from Litchfield.
1830, 2,049.
Bethel Rock, near the village of
New
AVood River, R.
I.
;
See Hopkinton.
AV^oodstoclc,
Me.
A
part of this townOxford CO.
ship is mountainous ; but it contains
large tracts of undulating, fertile
land.
It is
bespangled with beau-
ponds, forming mill streams,
which pass to Little Androscoggin
tiful
river.
Woodstock was incorporated
in
42 miles W. from
Augusta, and 10 N. W. from Paiis.
1815.
It
lies
Wheat
Pop\ilation, in 1837, C99.
crop, same 5'ear, 2,669 bushels.
Woodstock, Vt.
Shire town, Windsor county.
This town was first settled about
waIt is well
Woodbury, is about forty feet in the year 1768.
height, and projects over 3 or 4 tered by Queechy river and its
branches, which propel a woolen
feet, forming a kind of shelter from
There is a fine mill, a scythe and axe factory, an
the wind and rain.
This spot is fre- establishment for the manufacture
grove near it.
quently visited it excites solemn of woolen machinery, and several
smaller manufacturing works.
and pleasing impressions.
The soil of the town is gencially
Woodford, Vt.
very fertile, with a pleasant surface
Bennington co.
This mountain of hills and vales. The agricultulown is 7 miles E. from Benning- ral productions are large and valuathey consist of beef, pork, button, on the road to Brattleborough. ble
ter, cheese, apples, cider and wool.
Population, 1830, 395.
:
:
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
of which 9,000 fleeces
in 1837.
were shorn
" Woodstock Green," so
called,
is
a beautiful village. It is the seat
of a flourishing country trade, and
contains many veryhandsome buildings.
The court house, planned,
and built under the supervision of
Ammi B. Young, Esq., a native architect of great promise, is one of
the most chaste and classical structures in New England.
The south
village is neat and pleasant: it is
about 5 miles from the "Green."
Woodstock lies 46 miles S. from
Montpelier, and 11 N. W. from
Windsor. Population, 1830, 3,044.
"Wootlstocic, Ct.
Windham
co. Woodstock is bounded N. by the Massachusetts line,
E. by Thompson, W, by Union and
Ashford, and S. by Pomfret and
Ashford. It is 8 miles long, and
upwards of 7 in breadth. The surface of the town is characteristicalhilly, but not mountainous or
broken, and comprises very little
Vi^aste land, most or all of the eminences being capable of cultivation.
The prevailing soil is a deep gravelly loam, which is strong and fertile.
It is best adapted to grazing,
but generally admits of tillage ;
and considerable quantities of grain
are annually raised, consisting principally of rye and corn ; and it may
be considered one of the richest ag-
ly
ricultural towns in this part of the
state.
There are 4 woolen and 4
cotton factories in the limits of the
town. There are also about 900
persons engaged in the shoe making business, principally in the
western part of the town. The
town is divided into three parts,
viz. the old society of Woodstock,
West Woodstock or
Roxbury,
and Muddy Brook society or North
New
Woodstock.
The
villages of Thompson, North
Killingly, and Dudley in Massachusetts, on corresponding eleva-
view, from the village in Old Woodstock, which is 41
miles E. N. E. from Hartford, 32 N.
tions, are in fair
from Norwich, 32 W. N. W. from
Providence, and 12 N. by W. from
Brooklyn. First settled, in 1686.
Population, 1830, 2,915.
The village of Muddy Brook, or North
Woodstock, is about three miles
distant, situated in a beautiful valley, through which Muddy Brook,
a fine mill stream, passes.
The
village is in two parts, in each of
which is a Congregational church,
upwards of one mile distant from
each other.
village are
The houses
in
this
more clustered than
in
any other part of the town, and
viewed fi-oia the surrounding hills
present an uncommonly beautiful
appearance. The west part is called "Village corner."
General
William
Eaton", a
consul to Tunis, from 1797 to 1803,
and the hero of Derne, in 1804, was
born in tliis town in 1764. He died
at Brimlield, Mass., in 1811.
" Gen. Eaton was a very extraordinary character ; he possessed
much original genius, was bold in
his conceptions, ardent in his pas-
determined in his resolutions,
and indefatigably persevering in
sions,
conduct.
He possessed considerable literary acquirements, and
the style of his writings was characteristic of his mind ; bold, energetic and decisive.
His courage
was equalled only by his resolution, and the boldness of his enterprises, by his ability and persever-
his
ance
to
execute them."
Wooltvicli, Me.
Lincoln co. Woolwich lies a little above Bath, on the east side of
Kennebec river, 32 miles S. from
Augusta, and 7 W. from Wiscasset.
PopIt was incorporated in 1759.
Woolwich
ulation, 1837,
1,433.
has several ponds and small streams,
and its navigable privileges are
valuable.
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
'Wooiisoclcet Falls, R.
I.
factures in the county of Worcester was $11,407,790: the number
of sheep in the county was 24,901;
value of the wool, ^37,207.
See SmitJifield.
"Worcester, Vt.
Washington
co.
This town
Worcester, Mass.
is
situated 10 miles N. from Montpelier and 30 E. by S from BurlingPopulaFirst settled, 1797.
ton.
tion, 1820, 44, and in 1S30, 432.
branch of Onion river gives the
town a good water power, and
which is used for various purposes.
Much of this township is mountainous ; but there is some good land
along the stream, and the high-
County town, Worcester co. This
town was incorporated in 16S4, but
consequence of Indian hostilithe tirsttown meeting was not
held until 1722.
This part of the
country was called by the Indians,
Quinsiganiotid, and Tatmuck and
JBogachoak hills were Indian resiin
A
ties,
dences.
The
lauds afford pasturage for cattle.
Worcester County, Mass.
Worcester is the county town.
This county was incoi-porated in
try,
New
of
the
the
salubrity
of
its
climate,
1820, 2,962; 1830, 4,172;
1835, 6,624; 1837, 7,117.
There are in Worcester 8 woolen,
3 cotton and 2 paper mills ; an air
and cupola furnace, 9 woolen machinery factories, 3 tin factories,
and manufactures of coaches, chaises, boots, shoes, hats, cutlery, chairs,
cabinet ware, ploughs, straw bonnets, palm-leaf hats, wire, lead
lation,
water power is abundant in almost every town, and perhaps in
no section of New England are the
Its
commerce
and manufactures more completely
blended
nor can there be found
;
better resources for their united
support.
Its principal rivers are
the Blackstone, Quinabaug, Nashua, Ware, Millers, and Mill. There
are in this county 54 towns, and 64
inhabitants to a sqimre mile.
In 1837, the valu^of the manu-
situation
and the industry, intelligerce and
wealth of its people, have long
since entitled it to the honor of being called the chief town in " the
Heart of the Commonwealth." The
town is situated in a valley, and
surrounded by hills of gentle acclivity.
It is well built and beautifully shaded, and travellers from
every direction, are delighted with
its neatness and beauty.
A number of the streams which
form the head waters of the Blackstone meet in this town, and furnish a considerable water power,
Worcester is 40 miles W. from
Boston, 51 E. from Northampton,
38 S. W. from Lowell, and 41 N. N.
W. from Providenc«|, R. I. Popu-
1731. Population, in 1S20, 73,635;
It
1830, 84,365; 1837, 96,551.
contains an area of 1,500 square
miles.
This county crosses the state from
Hampshire on the north, to
Connecticut and Rhode Island on
the south.
It is bounded W. by
the counties of Franklin, Hampshire, and Hampden, and E. by
Norfolk and Middlesex counties.
This is the largest county in the
Its territory is larger than
state.
the state of Rhode Island, and its
population is greater than that of
Its surthe state of Delaware.
face is rather undulating than hilly.
The soil is generally strong, and
produces all kinds of grain, grasses,
fruits, &.C. common to its climate.
interests of agriculture,
central
town, both in regard to the county
and state, the fertility of its soil
and that of the surrounding coun-
pipe, paper machinery, &c.
i
:
total
value, the year ending April 1,
1837, $1,042,369.
Worcester is the centre of a large
inland trade. The Blackstone ca-
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
from Providence, R. I., 45 miles
terminates here
and
here is a permanent depot on the
great western rail road from Boston
Wortliiugton, Mass.
nal,
in
length,
;
Hampshire co. This town has a
good soil it is pleasantly situated
on elevated ground it has some
mineral treasures, and is washed by
It is
a branch of Westfield river.
103 miles W. from Boston, 55 E.
from Albany, N. Y., and 17 W. N.
W. from Northampton. Incorpora:
:
to the
Hudson
This
is
literary,
river.
the seat of
many religious,
and philanthropic
societies.
The State Lunatic Asylum,
tablished in this
town
in 1S32, is
es-
an
institution honorable to the nature
It is a beautiful building,
of man.
delightfully located, and admirably
conducted. Its plan and arrangements are so excellent as to render
it a model for similar institutions
in other states.
This institution
ted, 1763.
Population, 1837, 1,142.
The manufactures
of Worthington consist of leather, hoots, shoes,
curtains, children's wagons, and
hats: annual value, about $50,000.
In 1837, there were sheared in
the
this town 9,050 merino sheep
:
is
a receptacle
for all persons arraigned as criminals, but found to have committed
the offences in a state of insanity ;
of paupers, and of those who are
so furiously mad as to render their
continuance at large dangerous to
the community.
Although the worst cases of insanity are found here, yet experience has proved that there are very
few cases of derangement which
m?i\ not be ameliorated by the
kindly influence of humane treatment. The average recoveries, to
the present time, is about 56 pr. ct.
wool weighed 27,000 pounds, and
sold for $16,875.
Wrentliain, Mass.
Norfolk CO.
There is a large
pond near the centre of this town,
from which issue several streams
which flow to the Charles, NeponIn this town are
set and Taunton,
one woolen and four cotton mills,
an axe manufactory
boat building to a considerable extent and
manufactures of boots, shoes, hats,
hoops and straw bonnets. The total value of the manufactures of
this town, for the year ending April
The American Antiquarian So- 1, 1837, was $204,806; of which
By $77,815 was for straw bonnets,
ciety, Avas founded in 1812.
Wrentham is a pleasant town,
the liberality of the late Isaiah
Thomas, LL. D., one of its tirst with a tolerable soil and diversified
It was taken from Dedbenefactors, a spacious hall was surface.
Population, 1837,
erected in 1820, for the reception ham in 1673.
2,817,
of its large and valuable cabinet of
family of Indians once resiantiquities, and its library of about
12,000 volumes of American pub- ded in a cavern in this town, called
" Wampum's Rock," which place
lications, particularly of all works
The Indian
pertaining to American history, and is rather a curiosity.
;
;
A
name of the town was WallomaMr, Thomas was the father of pogge.
Wrentham is 27 miles S. by W.
New England printers. He pubfrom
lished the first newspaper in this from Boston, and 15 S. by W.
town, in 1775, and, a few years af- Dedham. This town is bounded S.
He E. by Mansfield, and within the reter, the first bible in America.
was a gentleman of great patri- gion of a vast bed of anthracite coal.
He was born
otism and liberality.
Yautic River, Ot.
in Boston, January 19th, 1749, and
literature generally,
died in this town, April 4, 1831.
New Lond^
co.
This stream
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
by several branches in the
northwest part of the county, and
passing- in a southeast course meets
the united waters of the Quinnebaug and Shetucket at Norwich,
where tlie waters of the three rivrises
ers fail witli
party of MoheIndians plunged themselves
down the Yantic falls, when pursued by their foes, the NarraganIt is said that a
gan
sets.
Ifarmoutli, Mass.
Yarmouth exBarnstable co.
tends across Cape Cod, and has a
There
good harbor on each side.
are several ponds in the town, from
which issue a small stream, called
Bass river, and from which a small
water power
is
derived.
The
soil
of the cape here becomes thin,
sandy and unproductive. The people of this
town are principally de-
voted to the fishing business, coasting trade, and the manufacture of
There are, however, some
manufactures of vessels, cordage,
wares,
leather, cabinet and tin
Some
chairs, boots and shoes.
sheep are kept, but the agricultursalt.
A
large
productions are small.
of vessels are engaged in
the coasting trade, and in 1837, 13
vessels, of about 50 tons each, were
employed in the cod and mackerel
fishery
the product, that year,
al
Yarmouth
Barnstable, and lies 72 miles S. E.
Incorporated, 1639.
Population, in 1830, 2,251 ; 1837,
from Boston.
2,454.
great rapidity, form-
ing the Thames, and producing a
valuable hydraulic power.
See
JVorwich.
number
:
was .$26,622.
During that year there were
in
operation in this town, 52 establishments for the manufacture of common salt, and 4 for the manufacThe quantity
ture of Ep^om salts.
of common salt made was 365,200
bushels.
The value of common
salt was $109,560; of Epsom salts,
Hands employed, 55.
$1,350.
In 1S37, there were in the state
of Massachusetts 743 establishments
for the manufacture of salt
753,392 bushels v/ere made, valued at
:
employing 708 hands.
bounded W. by
is
$246,059,
York County, Me.
Alfred is the county town. This
county is bounded N. by Oxford
county, N. E. by the county of
Cumberland, E. by the ocean, S.
by Portsmouth harbor, and W. by
Strafford county, N. H.
It comprises an area of about SIS square
miles.
Its population in 1810, was
41,877; 1820,46,233; 1830,51,722;
Population to
and in 1837, 53^781.
The surface
a square mile, QQ.
of the county is rough and uneven,
but not mountainous; its highest
elevation
is
Mount Agamenticus.
hard and rocky, particularly on the sea coast, which exThere is,
tends about 35 miles.
however, much good land within
it prothe limits of York county
duces large quantities of English
and salt liay, potatoes and other
vegetables, corn, and some wheat;
but the latter grain is not so abundant in this as in the more eastern
counties.
The quantity of wheat
grown in this county in 1837, was
but 17,795 bushels. There is much
good grazing land in the county,
and in 1837, there were 60,392
sheep within its limits.
The sea coast is lined with fine
harbors tor the fishery, and many
Its soil is
:
vessels are built of native timber.
The county contains many capes,
points and necks of land, on which
are well conducted light houses.
The tonnage of the three districts
within the county, Saco, Kenne
bunk and York, in 1837, was 11,505
tons.
York county contains many
and the
excellent mill streams
value of its hydraulic power is be;
be seen and felt.
ancient county was the
lodgement of some of the first setSee Saco.
tlers of New England.
ginning
This
to
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
York, Me.
York CO. This is an ancient maritime town, on the coast, between
Kittery and Wells,
It is bounded
W.
South Berwick.
This was
for many years the shire town, and
the place of holding the courts and
keeping the records for the whole
h-;
piovincc,
until
the
counties
of
Cumbei-hmd and Lincoln were set
off in 1730.
The town was incorporated in 1653.
York has a court house and gaol,
but all the county courts have been,
within a t'cw years past, removed to
Alfred. The principal harbor is York
river, about 6 miles from Portsmouth, N. H., with water sufficient
for vessels from 200 to 300 tons bur-
The
entrance, however, is
being narrow and crooked.
The oiher harbor is cape Neddock,
about 4 miles N. E. of the former,
navigable about a mile from the
sea at full tides only
it having a
sand bar at its mouth, sufficient to
prevent vessels of any considerable burthen from passing at low
water.
Cape Neddock and Bald Head are
the head lands.
The former is a
little to the south of cape Neddock
river.
At the end of this cape is a
small hillock called the Nubble, on
which Congress has recently authen.
difficult,
;
tb-orised
house.
the
Boon
erection of
Island lies
a
J^ight
about 9
miles southeast of this point.
Bald
Head makes the S. W. part of Wells
bay.
The settlement of this place began about the year 1630 it was
then called Agamenticus, from a
mountain of that name in the north
part of the town. This is of considerable elevation, and a noted land
mark. From its summit, there is
an extensive prospect bounded by
the great ranges of the N. H.
mountains on the N. and N. W.,
and the Atlantic on the coast from
Cape Ann to Cape Elizabeth.
This town was nearly destroyed
by the Indians and French in lfl92,
who, coming on snow shoes, surprised the unwary inhabitants at
early morning.
This calamity was
so desolating, that the few remaining inhabitants had thoughts of
abandoning the place altogetlier
but a number remained, though
suffering under severe privations
from the destruction of almost every
thing that could give them shelter
or sustenance.
The population of the town in
1830, was 3,485 ; but has been reduced since that time, by the annexation of a portion of its northern
angle to South Berwick. Its population in 1837, was 3,001.
York is situated 99 miles S. W.
:
from Augusta, 45 S. W. by S. from
Portland", 22 S. S. E. from Alfred and
9 N. by E. from Portsmouth, N. H.
�1
APPENDIX.
CENSUS OP
NEW ENGLAND— 1840.
MAINE.
York.
Acton,
1401
1408
1693
Alfred,
Berwick,
Buxton,
2687
2574
Biddeford,
Cornish,
I2()3
Elliot,
1889
2363
2435
Hollis
Kittery,
Kennebunk,
2323
Kennebunk Port. ..2770
Lebanon,
2273
Kimerick,
Limington. ^^
1509
..
Minot,
Naples,
New
Lyman
1478
IVewfield
1254
JVorth Berwick, ...1447
Parsonsfield
2442
Sanfurd,
2233
Saco,
4408
Shapleiirh,
1510
South Berwick, ...2314
Waterborough,... 1944
Wells,
2978
York,
3111
.
54.023
Gloucester,.. 1946
Baldwin,
Bridgton
Brunswick,
1134
1987
4259
Cape Elizabeth,. .. 1666
Cumberland,
1616
Danville,
1294
Durham,
1836
Falmouth,
2071
Freeport,
2662
Gorham,
3002
1740
Gray,
Harpswell,
Harrison;
1448
1243
43*
,
Stoneham,
Otisfield
Stow,
1307
Poland,.'
2360
Portland, (City).. 15.218
Sumner,
Sweden,
Pownal,
Turner,
Raymond
Scarborough,
Sebago
Standish,
Windham
Westbrook,
1210
2032
2173
707
2198
2303
4116
"687660
Oxford.
Albany,
Andover
Bethel...
Brownfield,
Buckfieid,
Bvron,
Canton,
Denmark,
Dixfield,
Fryeburg,
Greenwood,
Cumberland.
1133
227
1 444
313
376
Porter,
Roxbury,
R u mford
North Yarmouth, ..2824
.221
.
3550
758
Gilead,
Hartford,
691
551
1994
1360
1629
219
919
1 143
1166
1536
836
313
1472
945
1232
Hebron,
Hiram,
Howard's Gore, ....131
Hamlin's Grant,
80
Lovel,
Livermore,
Mexico,
Newrv,
Norway,
Township C,
2154
1002
Ill
."...29
Andover, N. Surplus, .45
Riley Township, ....51
Letter A, No. 2,
54
No. 4, first Range,. ...4
Fryeburg Acade- > .co
my
Grant,
Number two
'
3
386
Batchelder's Grant, ...3
38,339
Lincoln.
Alna,
Bath,
Boothbay,
Bowdoin,
Bowdoinham,
Bremen,
Bristol,
Gushing,
Dresden,
Edgecomb,
Paris,
Sly
.
Friendship,
Peru,
1381
No. 5, first Range,. .49
No. 5, second Range, .42
941
Oxford,
670
2479
\Vaterrord,
VV^codstock
Township B,
2745
447
463
1786
J246
1269
989
5143
2631
2073
2402
837
2946
791
1647
123o
725
Georgetown,
13.07
Jefl'e^son,...
2214
ewistown,
ItOl
1531
1713
New Castle,
Nobleborough, ....2210
I
Lisbon,
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
6
1657
1604
Bradford,
Bradley,
George,
'i094
Brewer,
Thomaston,
Topsham,
6227
Phipsburg,
Richmond.
St.
1883
1784
.3661
1133
Union,
Waldoborough,
Webster,
Warren,
Washington,
Westport,
. .
2228
1600
655
2142
2314
1416
Whitefield,
Wiscasset,
Woolwicli,
Patricktown Plan- )qqq
tation,
)
Matinicus Island, ..177
77
Monhegan,
10
Matinicus Roclv,
Matiiiic Iiland,
19
51
Muscle Ridge,
Ragged Island,
Wooden
17
Ball Island, ..9
"63^512
Kennebec.
1624
5314
1748
2675
2818
Albion,
Augusta,
Belgrade,
China,
Clinton,
168
1016
1046
Dearborn,
Fayette
Greene,
Gardiner,
Hallovvell,
5044
4668
Leeds
1736
Litchfield,
2293
1882
1475
2460
2037
987
2190
Monmouth,
Mount Vernon,
. .
Pittston
Readfield,
Rome,
Sidney,
Vassalborough,.
Vienna,
Waterville,
.
Burlington,
Carmel,
Corinna,
Corinth,
Charlestown,
Chester,
Dexter,
Dixmont,
Etna,
Eddington,
Edinburgh,
Enfield,
Exeter,
Garland,
Glenburn,
Greenbush,
Hampden,
Hermon,
Howland,
395
1 736
350
521
1702
1318
1269
277
1464
1498
745
595
52
346
2052
1065
664
260
2663
1045
312
351
336
Kirkland,
La Grange,
Lee,
Levant,
Lincoln,
Lowell,
724
1060
1121
Milford,
Newburg,
Newport,
Orono,
Orrington
Oldtown,.'
Passadumkeag,
Plymouth,
Springfield,
Stetson,
Jarvis Gore,
97
474
963
1138
1520
1580
2345
394
843
546
616
185
22
Township No. 3,
41
Township No. 4,
Township 3,Range 8, 29
Lower IndianTown-^
1201
1789
Windsor,
Winlhrop,
•Winslow,
Clinton Gore,
Wales,
Territory north of
Albion,
No. 2,
5
Hopkins Academy )
1915
1722
110
656
Wayne,
ship, west branch >37
of PenobscotRiver,^
r.
Indian Township, )
Grant,
Letter A,
Unincorporated
.2951
891
>
oo
'"
)
55.8(
4
.891
Belfast,
4194
Belmont,
Cambden,
1378
910
609
3005
Frankfort,
3603
Brooks,
Burnliam,
Freedom,
Hope,..
1153
1770
Islesborough,
778
Jackson,
652
Knox, .'.
897
Liberty,
895
Lincolnville,
2048
Monroe,
1602
Montville,
2153
Northport,
1207
Palermo,
1594
Prospect,
3492
Searsmont,
1374
Swansville,
919
Thorndike,
897
Trov,
1376
Unity,
.....1467
Vinalhaven,
1950
Waldo Plantation,.. 721
41235
185
2939
. .
A ppleton,
205
Maxfield,
Mattamisconsis,
Waldo,
1001
Hancock.
Amherst,
BJuehiil,
Brooksville,
Bucksport,
Castine
Cranberry Isle,
Isle,
155
1054
Eiiswoth,
2267
502
Franklin,
GoLildsborou.jh, ...1196
223
Greenfield,
Hancock,..
^
r.
Orland,
Otis,
29
~)
Penobscot,
Sedge wick,
Townships north > 147
Sullivan,
of Einroln
Surry
^
WcsthalfofTown-K
ship No. 6,
Township No. 7
^
3
30
45.705
Argyle,
Bangor, (City)
527
8634
1188
Eastbrook
Eden,
Deer
Mariaville,
Mount Desert,
)
3015
238
455
2841
Dedham,
Waltham,
Swan Island,
Township No.
760
275
1889
1418
88
1474
1922
650
857
232
284
33,... 34
21 ...37
"
"
2,... 27
Plantation No. 1,....88
Strip North No. 1, ..23
'^
Penobscot.
149
196
1891
1246
Aurora,
"
�APPENDIX.
Welmore
139
129
Plantation No. 7,
61
" 10, ....19
Trenton,
lOGl
Isle,
Seaville,
Bear Island,
Beach Island,
11
8
Pickeringt's Island, ...14
Spruce Head,
12
Little Spruce Head, ..6
Butter Island,
8
Eagle
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
8
Franklin.
Aroostook.
Avon,
827
442
522
Berlin,
Carthage,
Framingham,
Amity,
Belfast
169
Academy
'
c
)
Chesterville,
1098
Hodgden,
Farmington,
2613
8J8
Houlton,
Freeman,
Industry,
Jay,
King-field,
Madrid,
New
New
Sharon,
Vineyard
Phillips,
Salem,
Township No.
"
"
No.
No.
No.
No.
1,
3d
3, 1st
2, 1st
3,
2d
249
2,
,.,
)
"^"^
\
11,
311
^^
i
\
i
2198
46
i
3d Range
Township No. 1,
2d Range,....
•
6
4
Bigelovv Township, . .37
Township Letter E,.. 77
" No. 2, 2d Range, 82
" No. 1.4th " 163
"
"
^
Range, ....
Township No. 1.
^^,
4th Range. ....\"^'^
Township No. 2,
,
1045
Wilton,
3, 2d Range,
" 4, 2d
"
" 4,1st "
)'"
1st
-.953
No.
S"
2d Range,
Linnens,
Township No.
1,
,
•••i'*
|
,„
i
"^^
'
,
'
|
^,,
i
"^'
'
3d Range,....
Orient (i ore,
68
Township No. 9,
50
Township No. 3,
j,^
'"^^
2d Range,
Smyrna,
184
New Limerick, ....123
Letter A, 1st Range, 177
Williams Coll. Grant.85
Bridgewater Acad. Gr.51
\
"
52
"
7
"
9
" 216
'
i
\
20,800
2,5th Range,..
J
No. 3,5th Range,... 100
"
;
Range,
Weston,
Township No.
„
)
3d Range,
1109
Temple,
Weld,
5,
Township A, 2d
5(il
Strong,
665
1597
Township No.
1035
1750
G71
3G8
1829
927
1312
,..
141
)
r^
t
Cirant,
16
Westfield,
3
Letter A, 5th Range,. 15
No. 1, 5th Range,
22
Benedicta, or No. ; ^^^
'^^^
4,
"
. .
"
...'743
9,''
48
'•
"
Nos. 7 and
"
a',
No.
10, 5th
.294
Range J ,.^
^^^
or Masardis,....
i
No. 11,5th Range,... 45
"
13,3d
"
...66
"
...58
"
...96
Plymouth and Ea^„
""^
ton Grant,
Letter G, 2d
"
K, 2d
)
i
Letters H andJ.lst ,q,
^^*
and 2d Range,
)
Plymouth Grant, ...200
Letter G,
27
Fort Fairfield, or
)
^^
^^
Letter D,
No. 3, 6, and 7th
) .^
^
j
^^
Ranges,
j
Madawaska, South
)
ofSt.John'sRiver,
I
Madawaska,North
)
.-q.
^^^*
of St.John'sRiver,
^^-^
^^^°
)
9;4l3
RECAPITULATION.
York County,
Penobscot,
54,023
Cumberland, ....68.660
Oxford,
Lincoln,
Kennebec,
Waldo,
Hancock,
Washington,
38,339
63,512
55,804
Somerset,
45,705
41,535
28,646
28 ,.309
33,912
Piscataquis,
Franklin,
Aroostook,
13,138
20,800
9,413
501,796
NEW HAMPSHIRE.
Rockingham.
Atkinson,
Brentwood,
Candia,
Chester,
Danville,
Deerfield,
Derry,
East Kingston,
Epping,
Exeter,
Gosport,
Greenland,
Hampstead,
j
567
888
1430
2173
538
1 953
2034
551
1234
2985
115
726
890
I
j
I
!
I
I
I
I
I
I
Hampton,
Hampton
Falls,
Kensington,
Kingston,
Londonderry,
Newcastle
Newington,
New Market,
Newtown,
1320
646
647
1032
1556
742
543
2746
541
626
428
1205
1408
525
1392
Rye,
Salem,
Sandown,
Seabrook,
South Hampton,.... 462
875
Stratham,
....926
Windham,
North Hampton,... .885
Northwood,
1182
Nottingham,
1193
Plaislowe,
Poplin,
7887
989
Portsmouth,
Raymond,
45,790
Strafford.
Harrington,
..1845
�APPENDIX.
Dover,
6458
Northfield,
Durham,
1498
Pembroke,
Faiinington,
1
380
Pittsfield,
Lee,
906
Madbury,
489
483
Salisbury,
Sutton,
Middleton,
Milton
New
1322
1032
2431
Duiham,
Rochester,
Somersvvorte,
"22,248
Belknap.
2002
1945
Alton,
Barnstead,
Centre Harbor,
584
2472
Gilmanton,
3485
Meredith,
5314
IS'ew Hampton,.. .. 1812
Sandbornton;
2745
Gilford,
18,359
Carroll.
Albany,
406
553
523
Brookiield,
Chatham,
Conway,
1811
Eaton,
Effingham,
1710
1 95
Freedom,
926
Moultonborough, ..1752
Ossipee,
2170
Sandwich
2625
Tarn worth,
1716
Tuftonborough,. . . . 1281
Wakefield
1396
VVolfeborough, . ...1918
!
Bow
Bradford,
Canterbury,
Chichester,
Concord.
Dunbarton,
Epsom,
...
Franklin,
Henniker,
Hooksett,
Hopkinton,
,
455
Hillsborough.
Amherst,
Antrim,
1565
1225
Bedford,
1549
Brooklme,
652
Deering,
1 124
Francestown,
1308
Goffstown,
2366
Greenfield
834
Hancock,
1345
Hillsborough,
18U8
Hollis,
1333
Hudson
1144
Litchfield,
481
Lyndeborough, ....1033
Manchester,
3235
Mason,
] 275
Merrimack,
1113
Milford,
1455
A.ount Vernon,
720
Nashua,
6054
New Boston,
1570
New Ipswich,
1578
Felham,
1033
Peterborough;
2i()3
Sharon,
251
Society Land,
133
Temple,
576
Weare,
2375
Windsor,
Wilton,
177
1033
42,478
Alstead,
Chesterfield,
1169
1965
1001
Fitzwilliam,
1.331
Gilsum,
1643
1 028
4903
950
1205
1281
1715
1175
Dublin
. .
1454
1765
1075
1366
656
1755
863
2015
.4546
2065
26,430
Sullivan.
Acworth,
Charlestown,
Claremont,
1450
1722
3217
Cornish,
172G
958
Croydon,
Goshen,
Grantham,
Langdon,
Lempster,
Newport,
679
1034
615
941
1958
1552
1252
1218
Plaiiifield,
Springfield,
Unity,
VV'ashington,
Wendell,
1
10.3
...795
20,318
Grafton.
Alexandria,
1284
Bath
Bethlehem,
Bridgewater,
1591
Bristol,
779
747
1153
Campton,
1513
1576
Canaan,
413
Covcutjy,
Dame's Gore, .... ...54
800
Danbury,
769
Dorchester,
Ellsworth,
.300
1514
Fnfield
Franconia,
Grafton,
Groton,
Hanover,
Haverhill,
Hebron,
Hill,
52.3
1201
870
2613
2675
508
999
1528
957
Holderness,
I
andaff,
Lincoln,
Lisbon,
754
76
1682
Littleton,
1773
1141
1411
2611
831
Lebanon,
Richmond,
626
836
1165
1496
Lyman,
1785
Lyme,
Nash and Sawyer's ) .«
Rindge,
1161
Location
Orange,
Hinsdale,
Jaftrey,
Keene
Marlborough,
Marlow,
Nelson,
24M Roxbury
Loudon, ..,.,
1640
Newbury, ....,,. ...816
New London, ,,,,,1019
Westmoreland,.
Winchester,
2159
1212
Cheshire.
Merrimack.
Boscawen,
1361
Swanzey,
Troy,
Walpole,
36,282
19,982
Allenstown,
Andover,
1413
1336
1719
1332
2383
^2021
Strafford,
Warner,
Wilmot;
9
Stoddard,
Sullivan,
Surry,
286
1006
496
,481
Orford,
1
)
463
1707
057
Piermont,
1
Plymouth,
128?
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
10
Rumney,
] J
Clarksville,
Colebrook,
Warren,
4
1045
938
Waterville,
1119
Wentworth,
Woodstock,
G2
472
1
Land,
Thornton,
States
42,215
ColleiTe Grant,
Errol,
706
Cambridge,
116
5
Jackson,
Carroll,
213
Jett'erson,
Coos.
3
Columbia,
620
Crawford's Grant, ....9
Dalton,
664
Dummer,
57
Dixvilie,
4
Gorliam,
Hart's Location,
Hale's Location,
Bartlett,
Berlin,
88
743
Pittsburg,
.-.
104
156
44
6
315
584
575
Kilkenny,
Lancaster,
Milan,
19
1316
386
Millsfieid,
12
JNorthumberland, ...399
Pinkham's Grant,. . . .39
Randolph,
115
Shelburne,
350
Stark,
349
Stewartstovvn,
630
Stratford
441
Whitefield,
751
Wentworth's Locat. 25
,
9,849
REtAPITULATION.
Rockingham Co.. 45.790
Strafford,
22;248
Belknap,
18,35!)
Carroll,
19,982
Merrimack,
36,282
Hillsborough, ...42,478
Cheshire,
26,430
Sullivan,
20,318
Grafton,
Coos,
42,215
...9,849
283,951
VERMONT.
Bennington.
Arlington,
Bennington,
Dorset,
Glastenbury,
Land grove,
Manchester,
Marlboro',
1035
3129
1432
53
3-1.5
Peru,
1590
578
Pownal,
I(il3
Readsboro',
Rupert,
Sandgate,
1091
Searsboro',
Shaftsbury,
120
1885
Stamford,
Sunderland
Woodford,'.
Winhall,..
767
777
662
437
457
576
i(),o/7
1027
1403
Newfane,
Putney,
1.382
Rockingham,
2330
262
Somerset,
Stratton,
'
.341
Townshend,
Vernon,
Wardsboro"
Westminster,
Whitingham,
Windiiam,
Wilmington,
,
Acton,
Athens,
Brattleboro',
Brookline,
Dover,
Dummerston,
Guilford,
Grafton,
Halifax,
Jamaica,
Londonderry,
15-i6
Chittenden,
Clarendon,
170
Danby
.373
F'airhaven,
Wells,
1296
Windsor.
Andovor,
Barnard,
Baltimore
1403
2194
1769
644
1549
1379
Bethel,..'.
Bridgewater,
Cavendish
Chester, ..'
Hartland,
Hartford,
2624
328
729
Hubbardston,
633
719
Ludlow,
Norwich
Ira,
4.30
Plymouth,
1263
2525
1326
1399
1586
1216
Middletown,
Mendon
,
Mount Holly,
Mount Tabor,
Orwell,
Pawlet,
Pittsford,
545
1057
1356
226
1504
1748
1927
774
740
c'J.liJi
757
Rutland.
Benson,
Brandon,
West Haven,
1391
27,431
Castieton,
Windham.
1345
705
1 1 02
615
Poultney,
1880
Rutland,
2708
Sherburne, ........498
Shrewsbury,
1218
Sudbury,
796
Tinmouth,
781
Wallingford,
1608
Pittsfield,
Ponifret,
Reading,
Rochester,
Royalton,
Sharon,
Stockbridse,
Springfield,
878
1774
J55
1886
1363
1427
2305
2341
2194
1363
2218
1417
1774
1363
1396
1917
1371
1419
2626
�APPENDIX.
Weathersficld, ....2082
Weston,
Windsor
Woodstock,
10L52
2744
3315
40.359
11
Huntington,
Hinesburgh,
914
1682
1684
2136
1054
1098
Jerico,
Milton,
Richmond,
Shelburne,
St.
LTnderhill,
Addison.
Addison,
Avery's Gore,
1229
78
1233
1480
1163
Bristol,
Bridport,
Cornwall,
Ferrisburgh,
545
Goshen.
Hancock,
Lincoln
621
45,5
770
^..(302
Middlebury
31G1
1310
1503
670
Monkton,
IN'ewhaven
Panton,
Westford,
,
Ripton
3.57
Starksboro,'
1263
1675
942
1017
797
283
Shorehani,
Salisbury
,
Vergennes,
Weybridge,
Waltham,
VV'hitinir,
660
Williston,
Fairlee,
Newbury,
Oranyfe.
Randolph,
984
2o78
Strafford,
1761
Thetford,
20G5
Topsham,
1745
1811
1198
Tunbrid;,^c,
Vershire,
Washin:jton,
West
1;359
Fairlee,
824
Williamstown, ....1620
27.873
Marshfield,
Middlesex
Montpelier,
Moretown,
Monroe,
Northfield,
Plainfield,
Roxburv
Waitsfield,
Warren
Waterbury,
Worcester
4271
18
Colchester
Charlotte,
Essex,
,
470
1739
1620
1824
Swanton,
Sheldon
24.5.'^2
Orleans.
Albany,
Barton,
BrowniniTton,
Charleston,
Coventry,
Goshen Gore, by
Plaintield,
Lowell
Morgan,
Newport,
Salem
Goshen Gore, by
Walden, ......
Groton,
Hardwick,
Harris Gore,
Kirby,
Lyndon,
Newark,
Peacham,
Ryenrate,
Sheffield,
Johnsbury,
Walden,
Waterford,
Wheelock,
431
422
591
299
856
Troy..
Westfield
370
Westmore,
2G33
)
883
605
970
308
Jay, ..."
1440
Danville,
1151
1681
1119
Holland,
Irasburgh,
2030
50
997
Burke,
Cabot,
920
892
486
786
786
Craftsburv,
Derbv...."
Glover.
Greensboro,'
Caledonia.
Sutton,
Chittenden.
Richford,
St. Albans,
23.50G
Barnet,
Bradleyvale,
1014
1410
2106
2292
548
914
2702
2312
1734
Georgia
Highgate,
Montsi.mery,
2126
1598
1709
820
635
1156
1270
3725
1128
1C92
2013
880
784
1048
943
1992
587
Duxbury,
Fayston
24/18
Fletcher,
Franklin,
554
1919
Fairfield
Washington.
Barre,
Berlin,
Calais
St.
Burlington,
Buel's Gore,
Bolton,
1
2022
Fairfax
22.978
Okange.
1655
1232
1789
1959
1970
644
2579
Enosburgh,
1.352
"23,569
Bradford,
Braintrce,
Brookfield,
Chelsea,
Corinth.
Berkshire,
35
1206
1818
Bakerstield,
131
1441
17.55
Granville^
Leicester,
George,
Franklin.
Avery's Gore,
Coventry Gore,
..44
122
10
13,634
'
^
)
.142
^
928
1354
16
520
175.3
3(i0
1443
1223
821
1887
lOliS
913
1388
...881
:
Lamoille.
207
1790
Belvidere
Cambridge
Eden,
Elmore
Hydepark,
Johnson
'
Mansfield,
Morristown,
Stowe,
Sterling
Waterville,
Wolcot,
702
476
1080
1410
223
1502
1371
193
610
...824
10,388
JiSSEX.
21.891
Averill,
Bloomfield,
II
179
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
12
Brunswick,
130
157
378
1024
79
105
Brighton;
Canaan,
Concord,
Easthaven,
Granby,
470
124
Guildhall,
Lemington,
Lunenburgh,
Maidstone,
271
140
...28
Victory,
Winlock,
4,226
Grand Isle,
Isle La Mott,
North Hero,
724
435
716
664
South HerO;
3,883
Grand
Isle.
1344
Alburgh,
1130
RECAPITULATION.
Bennington Co., .16,877
Windham,
Chittenden,
Washington,
27,431
Caledonia,
30,701
Franklin,
40,359
Orleans,
23,569
27,873 'Lamoille,
Rutland,
Windsor,
Addison
Orange,'
22,978
23,506
21,891
24,532
13,634
10,388
Essex,
Grand
Isle,.
.4,226
.3,883
291,848
MASSACHUSETTS.
Middlesex.
Suffolk.
Boston,
Chelsea,
93,470
2390
"957860
Acton,
Ashby
Bedford,
Billerica,
Boxborough,
Essex.
Amesbury,
2471
Brighton,
Burlington,
Andover,
5207
Cambridge,
Beverly,
Boxford,
Bradford,
Danvers,
Essex,
..4G89
941
2225
Carlisle,
Georgetown,
1453
1540
Charlestown,
Chelmsford,
Concord,
Dracut,
Dunstable,
Gloucester,
63()3
Framingham,
5020
Hamilton,
817
Haverhill,
43.37
Holliston,
Ipswich,
3001
9375
701
1356
Hopkinton,
Lexington,
5.575
Lowell,
Lynn,
Lynnfield,
Manchester,
Marblehead,
Methuen,
Middieton,
Newbury,
Newburyport,
Rockport,
Rowley,
Salem,
Salisbury,
Saugus,
Topsfield,
Wenham,
West Newbury,
.
2251
657
3789
7161
2647
1203
15,083
2740
1098
1067
690
. . 1560
95,017
Groton,
Lincoln,
Littleton,
Maiden,
Marlborough,
Medford,
Townsend,
1121
1246
929
1632
426
1425
510
8409
556
11 483
1697
1784
2188
603
3034
2136
1782
2245
1642
686
937
20,816
Natick,
2514
2098
2478
1285
Newton,
3351
Pepperell,
1571
Reading,
Sherburne,
2193
995
Shirley,
957
South Reading,..,. 1517
Stoneham,
1017
Stow,
1230
Sudbury,
1422
Tewksbury, *...•».. 906
1892
870
Tyngsborough,
2504
Waltham,
1810
Watertown,
998
Wayland,
West Cambridge,.. 1363
Westford,
Weston,
Wilmington,
Woburn,
1436
1092
859
...2990
106,635
Worcester.
Ashburnham,
Athol,
Auburn,
Barre,
Berlin,
Bolton,
Boylston,
Brookfield,
Charlton,
Dana,
Douglas,
Dudley,
Fitchburg,
Gardner,
Grafton,
Hard wick,
Harvard,
Holden,
Hubbardston,
Lancaster,
Leicester,
1652
1589
649
2751
763
1186
797
2472
2117
691
1618
1352
2604
1260
2940
1789
1579
1874
1784
2019
1707
2069
Leominster,
Lunenburg, ....... 1272
�APPENDIX.
Mendon,
Hampden.
3524
1772
2163
752
Korthborough, ....1248
1448
Northbridge,
North Brookfield,..1485
1038
Oakham,
1742
Oxford,
671
Paxton,
1775
Petersham,
Phillipston,
918
1348
Princeton,
1667
Royalston,
1260
Rutland,
Milford,
Millbury,
INew Braintree,
Shrewsbury,
Southborough^
1481
145
2031
1604
1647
Sterling,
2005
Sturbridge,
2370
Sutton
1776
Templeton,
1466
Upton,
2004
Uxbridge,
1290
Warren,
1403
Webster,
Westborough,
1655
West Boylston, ...1187
1645
Westminster,
1754
Winchendon,
7497
Worcester,
1
Southbridge,
Spencer,
95,305
13
Blandford,
Brimfield,
Chester,
Granville,
Holland,
1425
1419
1627
1414
423
Longmeadow,
1270
Ludlow,
1267
Monson,
2151
Montgomery,
740
Palmer,
2139
Russell,
956
South wick,
1214
Springfield,
10,985
Tolland,
627
Wales,
686
\^ estfield,
3524
West Springfield,.. 3626
Wilbraham,
..1864
37,357
Charlemont,
1610
992
1081
1127
Coleraine,
1971
Conway,
Shelburne,
Shutesbury,
Sunderland,
1410
1912
309
798
1758
978
897
875
632
282
1267
1305
1673
1502
703
1022
987
720
Warwick,
1071
Bernardston,
Buckland,
Deerfield,
Erving,
Gill,
Greenfield,
Hawley,
Le verett,
Amherst,
Belchertown,
2551
Leyden,
2554
Chesterfield,
1132
1239
717
976
556
971
824
1816
932
1715
Monroe,
Montague,
Cummington,
Easthampton,
Enaeld,
Goshen
Granby
Greenwich,
Hadiev,
Hatlield
Middlefield,
Northampton,
Norwich,
Pelham,
Prescott
South Hadley,
3750
750
956
905
780
1458
Southampton,
1
Plainfield,
Ware,
Westhampton,
Williamsburg,
Worthington,
159
1380
759
1308
1198
30,886
3761
1097
Sandisfield,
1464
Savoy,
915
Shetlield,
2322
Stockbridge,
1992
1477
Tvringham,
Washington,
989
W. Stockbridge, ...1449
Williamstown,
2153
Windsor,
900
Pittsfield
Richmond,
Franklin.
Ashfield,
Heath,
Hampshire.
Great Barrington,..2704
Hancock,
922
Hinsdale,
957
Lanesborough,
1140
2428
Lee,
Lenox,
1304
Mt. Washington, ...438
227
New Ashtbrd,
New Marlborough,. 1682
Otis,
1177
576
Peru,
New
Salem,
Northfield,
Orange,
Rowe,
Wendell,
Whately,
875
...1069
41/?54
Norfolk.
Bellingham,
Braintree,
Brookline,
'.
1055
2168
Dedham,
1265
1995
1470
3291
Dorchester,
Dover,
4875
520
Foxborough
1298
1717
883
Canton
Cohasset,
Franklin....'
Medfield,
Med way,
Milton,
2043
1822
Needham,
1488
Quincy
Randolph,
Roxbury
3486
3213
9089
Sharon.
Stoughton,
2142
Walpole,
Weymoutli,
.3738
'.
Wrentham,
1076
1491
2915
53,040
2';,829
Plymouth.
Berkshire.
Adams,
3703
Alford
481
1342
65
Becket,
Boston Corner,
Cheshire
Clarksburg,
Dalton,
Egremont,
Florida,
44
985
370
1255
1038
441
Abington,
Bridgewatcr
Carver,
3514
Hingham,
3567
2131
995
Duxbury,
2798
Elast Bridgewater,. .1950
....734
Halifax,
Hanover,
1488
Hanson,
1040
Hull,
231
�14
Ni:\V
ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
Kingston,
]-]{()
Freetown,
rvJai'siitield,
i7{iU
Mansfield
New Bedford,
Norton,
INIiddleborouijh, ...dV/oo
N. Bndg'e water, ...2bi6
Pembroke,
1258
Plymouth,
oiol
Plynipton,
Sol
Rochester,
387,)
Scituate,
3886
Ware li am,
SOCi
W, Bridgewater,...120l
47,38b
1772
1382
12,087
1545
Paw tucket,
.2184
1329
2169
1996
1005
1489
Raynham,
Rehoboth,
Seekonk,
Somerset,
Swanzey,
Taunton,
Westport,
Bristol.
3584
Dartmouth,
4142
Brewster,
1378
Chatham,
2074
3952
6738
Dennis
Eastham,
Fall River,
1974
Provincetown,
Sandwich,
Truro,
2122
3719
1920
2377
2554
VVellfleet,
Yarmouth,
32,240
Duke's.
Chilmark,
Edgartown,
Tisbury,
702
1736
1520
Barnstable.
Attleborough,
Berkley,
Dighton,
Easton,
Fai- haven,
2589
2930
Orleans,
7645
2820
60.177
BSG
Falmouth,
Harwich,
Barnstable,
4302
522
2334
2942
955
3,958
1
Nantucket.
Nantucket,
9,051
RECAPITULATION.
Suffolk
Co
Essex,
Middlesex,
Worcester,
Hampshire,
Hampden,
95,860
95,017
106,635
95,305
30,836
37,357
Franklin,
Berkshire,
Norfolk,
Plymouth,
Bristol,
Barnstable,
28,829
41,754
53.040
47,386
60,177
32,240
Duke's County,.... 3958
Nantucket,
9051
737.43^
RHODE ISLAND.
Providence.
Middletown,
N e wport,
New Shoreham,
8333
...1069
East Greenwich,... 1509
Warwick,
6726
West Greenwich, ..1416
13,084
891
Cranston,
1982
2902
Cumberland,
5224
Portsmouth,
1706
Foster,
2131
Tiverton,
3183
Burrilville,
Gloucester,
2308
Johnson,
2477
North Providence.. 4207
Providence City,. 23, 172
Scituate,
4090
Smithfield,
9534
"58"',077
16,874
Washington.
Charlestown,
Bristol.
Barrington,
Bristol,
Warren,
549
3490
2438
^477
1776
Hopkinton
1726
North Kingston, ...2909
Richmond,
1361
South Kingston, . . .3718
Westerley,
1912
Newport.
Jamestown,
365
Little Compton, ...1327
14,325
Kent.
Coventry,
923
Exeter,
3433
RECAPITULATION.
Bristol,
Newport,
6,477
16,874
Kent,
Providence,
13,084
58,077
Washington,
14,325
108,837
�.
APPENDIX.
15
CONNECTICUT.
Hartford.
Avon,
1001
Berlin,
Bloomfield,
Bristol,
Burlington,
Canton
East Hartford,
East Windsor,
Enfield,
Farmington,
Glastenbury,
Granby,
Hartford City,
Hartford except
Hartland,
Manchester,
Marlborough,
Simsbury,
Southington,
Suffield,
Wethersneld,
Windsor,
3411
986
2109
1202
1735
2389
3600
2648
2041
3077
2609
9468
Cit.3325
1060
1695
713
1895
1887
2669
3824
..2283
55,627
Griswold,
Groton,
2166
2963
2195
Lebanon,
Ledyard,
1871
1052
Lisbon,
Lyme,
2856
Montville,
1990
New London,
5517
North Stonington,.2270
Norwich City,
4200
Norwich except ) onqn
^..M6J
City,
Preston,
1727
809
3898
2329
Salem,
Stonington,
Waterford,
44,458
CUy,
:.
N&vv Haven.
Bethany,
,r,-r
5^2,6
12.^5
Danbury,
4503
1080
3654
Fairfield,
1171
1323
1529
Branford,
Cheshire,
3294
)
Brookfield,
Darien,
Greenwich,
Huntington,
3054
28,057
Litchfield.
Barkhamstead, ....1573
Bethlem,
776
Canaan,
2166
Colebrook,
1234
Cornwell,
1703
Goshen,
1629
Harwinton,
1201
Kent,
1759
Litchfield,
4038
New
New
Hartford,
Milford,
1708
3974
.Norfolk,
1393
Plymouth,
Roxbury,
2205
971
2551
2407
1707
873
1622
1442
1666
1947
Salisbury,
Fairfield.
Bridgport City,
Bridgport except
Woodstock,
3921
1328
1355
>haron,
Torrington,
Warren,
Washington,
Watertown,
Winchester,
Woodbury,
40.445
Middlesex,
Derby
East Haven,
2852
Monroe,
JNew Canaan,
1382
New
Guilford,
Hamden,
2390
1797
Newtown,
Nor walk,
Madison,
Meriden,
Middlebury,
1788
1880
761
Redding,
Pudsefield,
Sherman,
9.38
Milford,
2455
Stamford,
Middlelown
Middletown
Weston,
3516
1808
1205
2561
West
1802
Westbrook,
New
Haven
City, 12,960
"New Haven except Citv..
..1430
.
North Branford, ...1016
North Haven,
1349
Orange,
Oxford,
1329
1625
548
1542
2255
3668
633
958
Prospect,
Soutnbury,
Wallingford,
Waterbury,
Wolcott
Woodbridge,
48,641
Fairfield,
Stratford,
Trumbull,
Port,
Wilton,
Bozrah,
Colchester,
East Lyme,
Franklin,
Durham,
1095
East Haddam,
2625
2598
Haddam,
1136
Killingworth,
City,. .3511
ex-
cept City,
Savbrook,
)
ncnn
3
3417
1182
24,883
Tolland.
Ashford,
Brooklyn,
Canterbury,
Chaplain,
Hampton,
Pomfret,
1063
2101
1412
1000
3413
974
1239
Chester,
Clinton,
2057
Bolton,
Windham.
Plainfieid,
London.
Chatham,
49,933
Kiliinvglv,
New
2217
956
3189
3869
1675
2474
2651
1478
1777
794
1
165
3685
2384
Sterling,
18G8
1099
Thompson,
3535
Voluntown,
1186
338i
Windham,
Columbia,
Coventry,
Ellington,
Hebron,
Mansfield,
Someis,
Stafford,
Tolland,
Union,
Vernon,
Wellington,
742
841
2017
1356
1721
2276
1621
2469
1566
667
1435
..1268
17,979
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
16
RECAPITULATION.
Hartford
Co
55,627
New Haven,
48,641
New London,.... 44,458
Fairfield,
49,933
Windham,
Litchfield,
Middlesex,
28,057
40,445
24,883
Tolland,.
.17,979
310,023
RECAPITULATION OF STATES.
Maine,
Hampshire,
Vermont,
Massachusetts,
501,796
New
Rhode
283,951
29 1 ,848
737,495
Island,
108,837
Connecticut,
310,023
Total Population of
E
New England
90?
in 1840,.. 2,233 ,950
��1
i
��I
��LIBRARY OF CONGRESS
D0E37'^3bb0
^'mm
'il'
>'JJ ii»' iiJ
�
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Books, Booklets, Ledgers, & Diaries
Digital File
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
New England Gazetteer 1841
Description
An account of the resource
The New England Gazetteer contains descriptions of all the states, counties and towns in New England from the period. It also describes principal features such as mountains, lakes, rivers, capes, bays, harbors, islands, and resorts or notable places. Notable persons are also described. Information on Farmington, NH is located on page 158.
This is a digital file and does not exist in the physical collection.
RKL-FHS
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
John Hayward
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
14th edition Concord NH Israel S. Boyd and William White Boston John Hayward
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1830s-1840s
Date Created
Date of creation of the resource.
1839-1841
Date Copyrighted
Date of copyright.
1839-1841
Farmington NH
information
New England
people
places
records
Strafford County
-
https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/12165/archive/files/3cd4aabae525cf919dfd3aa8887b1fc8.jpg?Expires=1712793600&Signature=AjYg7eXroxGix0EqjBC61tiC2pMZhJBFb9pY9ennIhFotwpeDLxK2Rs%7EDqCiEmdq8TumWSnkHt6PtnJSTXYYN18bk7BkJ221xFyto4UWe9bv4juvS3lmU8yzmrHdwE-4nxqWWQC64OqPFSr-28JaMCSDWSLTTvzJv86gmDh9wmT1gyn3rdCVHK15MmS0Um2pYD%7EzjJpQxgz%7EInvbMdRK-sb-mrrYYeWb6otO2-YfOa%7EcNHO83At90gDSoIpQXi2gjCb3MuobP0%7EXi-0VUidwRu9jWPHez-%7EpAoLzvM-IHjU3KcXzgAGwFjrzEVZsbk7xVSX%7EG0SMUlnw6c6T7tpb1A__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM
009d7573012eab3ef7d98185eb154f02
https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/12165/archive/files/2bb8c7af3a2910cdcb3937c8424fc3e3.pdf?Expires=1712793600&Signature=EGGdA2g53txqVEPDWAVu1RVQjFI8VZdvOIVRQC8nIl0N%7EzzZ8Qqo2n3iGT0zyOqqxope-BephM80DiJ6SUJMG4Xt8EhnzyZ8KnYZJ-VBF5jzxbJ8F9dt7nRc7bEeHstGBBh-4q6YUAP7l1II5wdYMDHd5SJLB8c6wjcw-kdgl7no1D2B5DAO18Qz%7E7L1vHX4dcMt1VXaRQO3WagDc3YayU2sZ3ZBxE1JQ8iYNrRgFVO883k8Ibq18kkvKNs192q4ResgCWoLzrIpt8tWZpUYrngEpRopsNfAyKgHuXkMsdXhe3bk3veaecuXl9VJAnQXUNDSYk8gGm%7EXtXO0digKKA__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM
e18646f749f0735bef9fe4ec3aef3c35
PDF Text
Text
---EARLY HISTORY OF FARMINGTON, STRAFFORD COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE--THIS INFORMATION (PDF FILE) IS LOCATED ON THE WEB SITE: “HISTORY & GENEALOGY
OF NEW HAMPSHIRE AT SEARCHROOTS” located at
http://www.nh.searchroots.com/strafford.html
Web Site Owners: PLEASE DO NOT LINK DIRECTLY TO THIS FILE, and use my bandwidth.
INSTEAD LINK TO MY WEB SITE AT:
http://www.nh.searchroots.com/strafford.html#Farmington
THIS WEB SITE AND ITS CONTENTS, INCLUDING THIS FILE, ARE PROTECTED UNDER
COPYRIGHT LAWS. Janice A. Brown / Copyright © 2004-2013 / ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
VARIOUS SOURCES LISTED BELOW
===================================
From: Gazetteer of the state of New Hampshire, by Eliphalet Merrill, Exeter, C. Norris & Co., 1817
[Excerpts]
page 131
FARMINGTON in Strafford county was formerly a part of Rochester. It was incorporated in 1722
and in 1810 contained 1272 inhabitants; bounded N.E. by Milton, S.E. by Rochester, S.W. by New
Durham, comprising 20,811 acres.
Cochecho river flows through the N.E. part of this town, and the Frost mountains extend through it
from N. to S. From the summit of this ridge, called Mount Washington, the seacoast and a large
part of the state may be seen. There is in this town a handsome meeting-house, several mills, and
trading stores.
=========================
From: The Statistics & Gazetteer of New Hampshire, compiled by Alonzo J. Fogg, Concord NH,
D.L. Guernsey, 1875
page 156
Farmington--Strafford County. The surface of this town is broken and rugged, but the soil when
properly cultivated yields fine crops.
RIVERS. The Cocheco River passes through the north-east part of the town affording some
interval lands along its banks.
MOUNTAINS. Blue Hill, or Frost Mountain, extends in a north and south direction nearly through
the town. Mount Washington, Mount Monadnock, and hundreds of less elevations, together with
ships in Portsmouth Harbor, can be seen from its summit, in a clear day.
VILLAGE. About one mile north-west from what is called the Dock, is Farmington village. The
inhabitants are extensively engaged in the manufacture of men and women's boys and youths
boots, brogans and shoes--the number of pairs made exceeding that of any town in the States.
There are 13 manufactories with a capital of $500,000 which employ nearly 1000 males and
females, who annually receive for their labor about $300,000 and produce 1,300,000 pairs of
boots, shoes &c valued at $1,700,000. Part of these shoes are bottoms in the adjoining towns.
There are two banks, three church edifices, one large high school building, twenty-five or thirty
stores of all kinds, one job printing office, two hotels, three livery stables, post office, express and
telegraph office, three lawyers, three physicians officers, one dentist's office and about three
hundred dwelling houses. It is a very pleasant and busy villag, and as idleness is a stranger in
this place, so is poverty.
EMPLOYMENT: Manufacturing and mercantile trade are the principal employments of the
�inhabitants, although there are some very nice farms, and good farmers in the town.
RESOURCES: production of the soil, $48,498; mechanical labor, $504,000; stocks and bonds,
$10,900; money at invterest $6,500; deposits in savings banks $143,635; stock in tade $55,300;
professional business $10,000
CHURCHES and SCHOOLS: Congregational, Rev. J. Smith, pastor; Freewill Baptist, Rev. G.W.
Park, pastor; Methodist, Elder Tebbets pastor; Advent, Rev. J. Smith pastor. There are fourteen
school districts and eighteen schools in town. Average length of schools for the year, twenty-four
weeks.
LITERARY INSTITUTION. Farmingotn High School, E.J. Goodwin Principal--School Fund $3,000
HOTELS & EATING HOUSES: Elm House, Mechanics Hotel; and Bickett and Wedgewood Eating
Houses.
FIRST SETTLEMENT: Farmington was originally part of Rochester, but was incorporated as a
district town December 1798.
FIRST MINISTER Rev. james Walker, Congregationalist, 1818.
BOUNDARIES: North by New Durham and Milton, east by Milton, State of Maine and Rochester,
south by Rochester and Strafford and west by Strafford and New-Durham. Area, 21,000 acres;
improved lands 5,449 acres.
DISTANCES: Thirty-five miles north-east from Concord and eighteen north-west of Dover.
RAILROADS: Cocheco Railroad passes through this town in a north-westerly and south-easterly
direction.
==============================
From: History of Rockingham and Strafford counties, New Hampshire : with biographical sketches
of many of its pioneers and prominent men - Hurd, D. Hamilton, Philadelphia 1882
FARMINGTON: (page 488 )
The early history of Farmington will be found principally in the history of Rochester, of which this
town originally formed a part. The early record history, Revolutionary, names of early settlers, etc
are incorporated in the history of that mother-town.
Among the first who settled in this section were Benjamin, Samuel and Richard Furber, Samuel
Jones, Benjamin Chesley and Paul Demeritt, who located near Merrill's Corners from 1770 to
1783. On the Ten-Rod road Joseph and Levi Leighton were located; on Chestnut Hill, Moses
Horne, Caleb Varney, Judge Wingate, and others in various parts of the town. Among the men
from this town who have held public positions in the state and United States legislative halls, now
deceased are Nehamiah Eastman, Esq. who held a distinguished position at the bar for many
years. He was elected State Senator and also a member of the Nineteenth Congress... Dr.
Joseph Hammond was a member of the State Legislature and also of the 21st and 22nd
Congress. George I Whitehouse was a deputy sheriff for 6 years, a judge of the court of common
pleas for the county of Strafford for 14 years and also a member of the House of Representatives.
Judge Whitehouse has also been extensively engaged in railroad surveys in this and other
counties. Jeremiah Dame, John D. Lyman, George M. Herring and Alonzo Nute were members
of the State Senate; Thomas T. Edgerly and Josiah B. Edgerly were registers of deeds. Jeremiah
Jones was the first man born in the town who was elected to the State Legislature. The late Henry
Wilson, United states Senator from Massachusetts was born on a farm about two miles south of
Farmington village.
The first meeting house was built on Robert's hill about two miles south of Farmington Village.
The first schoolhouse was built at Merrill's Corners in the southern part of the town about the year
�1791.
http://archive.org/stream/historyofstraffo00lcscal#page/488/mode/2up
EARLY MERCHANTS--One of the first merchants in Farmington was Jonas C. March who came
here from Portsmouth about the year 1780, and also built a store in what is now the lower end of
the village, on premises now owend by G.N. Eastman. Mr. March subsquently removed to
Rochester and was succeeded as the "trader" of the town by John Googin, whose stock in trade
consisted chiefly of molasses, tea, spcieberries, pepper-corns, tobacco, rum, etc.. . . In 1830
Nehemiah Eastman was the lawyer here, and Joseph Hammond the doctor. Peter and Levi Pearl
were at the head of the militia and J.H. Edgerly called the roll of names among whom were the
Nutes, Burnham and Isaac, George R. Dame, Samuel Bunker, Hiram French, etc. At that time
"Jerry" Wingate was postmaster.
How Famington Dock was named [see original document].
The village of Farmington is situated on what was formerly known as the "Old John Ham farm."
The first dwelling was a log house, occupied by one Berry. The first frame house was erected in
1781 or 1782 by John Roberts, and here he reared a numerous family. The second frame home
was built by Jonas C. March previous to 1792.
The town of Farmington was incorporated 1 December 1798, the notification for the town dated
Feb 23, 1799 and signed by Aaron Wingate. The first town meeting has held 11 March 1799 at
the house of Simon Dame, when the following officers were chosen: Moderator, Aaron Wingate;
town clerk, Jonas C. March; selectmen Ichabod Hayes, Ephraim Kimball and David Roberts;
auditors, Capt. Samuel Furbur and James Roberts; assessors Thomas Canney and paul
Demeritt; surveyors of highways, James Roberts, James Leighton, Joseph Thompson Jr., Paul
Demerett, Benjamin Furber, Joseph Emerson, Daniel Canney, Jonathan French , Edward Knight,
Samuel Jones Jr., Thomas Davis, John Downs, and George Leighton; surveyors of lumber,
Jonathan French and David French; hogreeves, Richard Furbur, Joseph Holmes, Aaron Wingate,
Jonas C. March, Ephraim Perkins, John Murray, Ichabod Pearl, Ichagod Hayes, and Paul
Demerit; tithingmen, Edward Varney, Anthony Peavey, James Nutter, Ezekiel Ricker, Samuel
Varney, Alexander Berry and Richard Rundlet; fence-viewers, John Walker, Ezekiel Ricker,
Joseph Holmes, Elijah Meder, and David French; field-drovers, James French, Benjamin
Runnals, Joseph Thompson Jr., Moses Whitehouse, Paul Twombly, Moses Varney and Samuel
Drowne. The "constable birth" was bid off by Ensign Samuel Knowles for twenty-one dollars and
twenty-five cents. At the meeting John Taylor Gilman received one hundred and thirty-tree votes
for Governor. Richard Furbur was the town's first representative to the General Court.
In 1799 licenses to retail "foreign distilled spiritous liquors" was granted to the following persons:
Joseph Holmes, Lakeman & Marsh, Benjamin Runnals and Eleazear Pearl. The following tavern
licenses were granted: Joseph Holmes, Col. Richard Furbur, Samuel Knowles, Edward Knight
and Ephraim Perkins.
page 492 Ecclesiastical History
The Congregational Church in Farmington Sept 15, 1819 with the following members, Benjamin
Furber, Peter Akerman, Noah Ham, Mary Furber, Muhitable Hayes, Mary Furber, Elizabeth
Roberts. [more info in original document]
The Free Will Baptist Society was organized Oct 21, 1854. A church was organized inside the
society or parish Nov 8 of the same year with a membership of thirteen, five men and eight
women. [more info in original document]
FARMINGTON'S SHOE MANUFACTURES
In 1836 Elijah H. Badger came to Farmington and commenced the manufacture of shoes, known
at that time as Natick Sale work, that place being then the banner town in the country for the
manufacture of this peculiar grade of goods, brogans. He continued in this business about one
year, and then became financially embarrassed, and left town not to reutn again. About this time
�Martin L. Hayes commenced in a small way in the manufacture of shoes.... About 1838 or 1848
George M. herring started in the shoe business here...Mr. J.F. Roberts, was the next to open a
shoe shop in the village. He was succeeded by two brothers, George E. and Henry L. Roberts.
Messrs Alonzo and J.O. Nute commenced business. Others identified in the business of the town
were Luther Wentowrth, H.B. Edgerley and Israel Hays. [additional manufactures and
businessmen in the original document]
http://archive.org/stream/historyofstraffo00lcscal#page/494/mode/2up
FARMINGTON NH IN THE WARS
http://archive.org/stream/historyofstraffo00lcscal#page/498/mode/2up
Farmington supplied 234 men in all departments of the service during the Civil war. Some men
held high positions, Louise Bell, capt. of Co. A, First Regiment, later promoted to colonel, killed
Jan 15, 1855; Alonzo Nute, quartermaster of the Sixth Regiment; Rev. Daniel Poor Cilley,
chaplain of Eighth Regiment; Albert W. Hayes, second lieutenant, Sixth Regiment, promoted to
captain in 1862; Ralph Carlton, captain Co. I, Third Regiment; Henry A. Flint, first lieutenant Co. F,
Second Regiment. Captain Carlton was killed July 17, 1862; the Grand Army Post of Farmington
was named in honor of his brave career. A fine soldiers monument has been erected on one of
the most valuable lots in the village, the gift of Mr. james Bartlett Edgerly, a descendant of Col.
Thomas Tash and of Col. John Waldron of the Revolution, who is a member of the Carlton post.
The Woman's Relief Corps did a large amount of work in raising funds to procure the monument.
The noble stature that surmounts the monument was modeled from a brother of Seth Low, who
was mayor of New York several years ago. The figure very appropriately faces southward, as
Farmington men faced and helped conquer the great rebellion.
As Farming was simply the Northwest Parish of Rochester during the American Revolution, the
wawr record of its citizens is given in the history of that town, but in the lesser wars of the
nineteenth century were: C.B. Roberts, Timothy Davis, J.G. Watson, G.L. Whitehouse, Asa and
Jeremiah Willey, whose graves are honored on Memorial Day by the Grand Army veterans.
Farmington has many fine buildings...the ... opera house was opened in 1881 with Sol Smith
Russell as the great attraction; since then its walls have echoed to the notes of many famous
people among them, Mr. Blaisdell of Concord, Camelia Urso, Walter Emerson, Emil Lubliny, Miss
Hall, the Fiske jubilee singers, and excellent orchestra from time to time. Mr. Tompkins of the
Boston theatre sent some of his best companies...
of FRATERNAL ORGANIZATIONS, Free Masons, Odd Fellows, Knight of Pythias, Improved
Order of Red Men and others.
In view of the immense amount of good work auxiliary to the church and state and to the fraternal
societies, special mention in terms of unqualified praise is due to several organizations of
Farmington weoman; among number are: Mrs. Adelaid Cilley Waldron, Mrs. L.H. Plamer, Mrs.
L.A. Small, Mrs. Knox and Mrs. Thayer of lodges, and Mrs. C.W. Talpey, Mrs. J.F. Cloutman, Mrs.
A.W. Shackford, Mrs. E.F. Eastman and Mrs. Larson A. Fernald of the Woman's Christian
Temperance Union and societies auxiliary to religious bodies.
The Farmington Savings Bank was chartered in June 1868 [additional info in original document]
NOTED MEN OF FORMER GENERATIONS
The State of New Hampshire has furnished one President of the United States, Franklin Pierce
and one Vice-President, Henry Wilson, both in the same generation; one of Concord, the other of
Farmington....
He (Henry Wilson) was born Feb 16,1812 in Farmington NH; he died Nov 22, 1875 in Washington
DC. His birth name was Jeremiah Jones Colbath, but after he became of age he had the
Massachusetts Legislature change it to Henry Wilson (why the change was made is not known);
when he was ten years old his parents being very poor he was apprenticed to a farmer in
Farmington to "serve his time" as was the old custom in New England. It took eleven years to
�finish that contract, which terminated Feb 16, 1833. During the time he was allowed to attend the
winter school in that district, about six weeks, each winter, a little over a year in the whole time,
but he made good use of it in reading, writing and ciphering.... [more biography in the original
document]
http://archive.org/stream/historyofstraffo00lcscal#page/502/mode/2up
OTHER BIOGRAPHIES:
Judge George L. Whitehouse, John F. Cloutman, Hon. Alonzo Nute, Dr. David Taylor Parker.
**************************
Historical Sketch of Farmington NH from The Leading business men of Dover, Rochester,
Farmington, Great Falls and Berwick, illustrated, Bacon, George F. (George Fox), 1890, Boston,
Mercantile Publishing Company - Internet Archive
http://archive.org/stream/leadingbusinessm00bacon#page/68/mode/2up
Leading Businessmen of Farmington include: Sanitine Remedy Company (Proprietors of Blake's
Vegetable Remedy for Constipation and other items); A.F. & H.C. Waldron, Carleton & Bennett,
George W. Bailey, Blake's Pharmacy, D.E. Edgerly Dry and Fancy Goods, Groceries and
Provisions; F.J. Hanson manufacturer of Boot and Shoe Heels; J.M. Berry & Co. manufacturers of
Men and Boys Shoes; J.F. Safford, Watches and Jewelry, Silver Ware etc.; J.E. Fernald & Son
Publishers and Proprietors of the Farmington News; H.W. Roberts & Co., Steam Grist Mill; A.E.
Carter & Co. Furniture Dealers, Curtains, Carpet and Bedding; J.P. Tibbitts Furnishing Undertaker
Carriage and Sleigh Manufacturer; Thomas Pride & Son, Granite Works; C.H. Pitman, Book, Card
and Job Printer; Wallace, Elliot & Co., manufacturers of Ladies' Misses and Children's Fine Boots;
George W. Lane, Jeweler; Wilson House, E.T. Cotton, Proprietor; Amasa W. Shackford
Photographer; Farmington Savings Bank; Roberts & Peavey Druggiests and Stationers; John H.
Barker & Co. dealers in General Merchandise; L.S. Flanders & Son, manufacturers of Lasts and
Sole Patterns; E.T. Wilson, dealer in Groceries, Flour, Grain, Crockery, Paints and Oils, Shoe
Findings and Hardware; A. Nute & Sons manufactures of Men's Shoes; Mrs. L.A. Small Millinery
and Fancy Goods; Dr. J.E. Nichols Dentist; Frank E. Farwell market; Strafford House, Frank H.
McAlpine; Frank Pearl dealer in Choice Family Groceries Dry and Fancy Goods; J. Wesley Locke
Livery and Sale Stable; I. Hayes & Sons Shoe Manufacturers; W.F. Thayer dealer in Stoves,
Tinware, Pumps, Lead, Pipe, Kitchen Furnishing Goods; J.E. Fernald dealer in Groceries,
Harware, Findings, Paints, Oils, Glass, Books, Stationary, etc.; F.E. Mooney dealer in Coal and
Wood; Charles H. Berry, Fruit, Confectionery; G.A. Jones & Co., Furniture, carpets and room
paper; P.M. Frost, Dry and Fancy Goods; W.A. Elliott, Ice Cream, Fruit, Confections; M.W. Small,
dealer in Groceries, Grain, Crockery, Glas-ware and Farming Tools; H.P. Hall & Co., Druggists
and Stationers; C.W. Jenness, manufacturer of Wood and Paper Boxes, Job Sawing, Planing and
Mill Work.
********************************
Source:
(end)
�
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Books, Booklets, Ledgers, & Diaries
Digital File
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
1914 Edition History Of Strafford County New Hampshire & Representative Citizens
Description
An account of the resource
History Of Strafford County New Hampshire and Representative Citizens By John Scales. Farmington information is located on pages 488-491.
This is a digital file and does not exist in the physical collection.
RKL-FHS
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
John Scales
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Published by Richmond-Arnold Publishing Company
Chicago IL
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1914
Date Created
Date of creation of the resource.
1914
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
By John Scales
Editor Dover Daily Democrat
Published by Richmond-Arnold Publishing Company
Chicago IL
book
Farmington NH
information
people
records
Strafford County
written history
-
https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/12165/archive/files/af3903ffee699ccfa1fa4ba34352d0b8.jpg?Expires=1712793600&Signature=B7FvGcTqx%7ECAnAHbdU4kE0rjrPwzDehHkNfbdFxMwysTL5O4R5r-gLGpyVxfNKeKlgqn8j7wprZmKM6cJKyhQun9W9TQFsrMKVi9gJ1sMJwAJ5w9S-kwkB05gedRt2DGyCU-vwycwkWSkN0qQpLp9t%7EquhHXy7wSVvNgeNnl6xSbmkSe0kWy-Yby0Ma7XGHU5nInWIJLws3E3ZkPDm-hG16iTiXUH6VuJCZX2Q5JTNV0jEz9VIpH9uZ-kx0l3Whmuifa%7EmECWf51uj6CPFxIAlxCbqS9JghJP4OXUrnoYccGhoyW12ejxSvcW3ml7wAjEdiXOx3H%7EOzInHr-uHIHQA__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM
7eba425eeb8bfe5e73d4cb11c42023ec
https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/12165/archive/files/2a4d43a0c796ed6ded5950f3f0347bce.pdf?Expires=1712793600&Signature=mmy4PvczJcjqvLe7j-FzZ9P0HpjwJvK%7E%7ENTkNP3DeLvQjazg%7EbZFhvBCzv7H83OeqFB5v9rz4mVwvFpxG7IMGUmcVzxhSwsvoW-tnUcQgE0Zv7xGDmtl%7EiKsHn%7EscjEGO4s0%7EfaNymQpRVu4vpqo0bLrpKt505PMzVew9GYK9Yl2lF2Vytz1ixLuv86zdpOV6U3vsePY1oMLbJj-qiK7QsYrLDmE2rSSY4swnHRRQxStjROBQdhal28cLK9qDFT0jrqLUKfLg6W-M1jUR5YSMv0sK%7EvxnT4YDT%7EygtFGpTBQaZxlchfz-YvWDthTwTdKLfJpb0JPga4-L3tHsxPeaA__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM
d1548d4b6e933c27b4ccbcdb50bb521e
PDF Text
Text
�Class
"^
^\
CoKTiglit}!"
COFfRIGllT
DSPOSm
���Great Falls
tea txtt^d
VrvHotO" EtiQunr/
��r
H
h:
LEADING BUSINESS MEN
OF
DOVER, ROCHESTER,
FARMINGTON
Great Falls and Berwick.
<^'^
ILLUSTRATED.
BOSTON:
MERCANTILE PUBLISHING COMPANY,
No. 258 Purchase Street.
4
�COPYRIGHT.
MERCANTILE PUBLISHING
CO.
1890.
iSee last
pages for Index
to
Business Notices.
�INTRODUCTORY.
Nearly three centuries have elapsed since the territory now
included within Dover's limits was first visited by white men
and this vast period of time has been so crowded with incident,
has witnessed so many stirring and decisive events and has brought about
so great a number of radical changes in modes of government, manners of
living, habits of thought, and methods employed in manufacturing and in
•commerce, that even were this brief sketch to be so extended that it would fill a goodly volume it
-would still be but an incomplete record of the doings which have transformed a howling wilderness
into one of the most important, flourishing and beautiful cities in New Hampshire. The Seventeenth
;
Century had but barely opened when the expedition, which was to number among its results the first
visitation by civilized man of this region, left England, for it was the tenth day of April, 1603, that
two tiny vessels sailed from the port of Bristol, sent out by the enterprising merchants of that place
on a voyage of discovery and exploration. Tiny indeed were these vessels— so tiny in fact that both
of them could easily be stored in a corner of the hold of one of the great steamships now so common,
for the larger vessel was of but fifty tons burden while her companion was only half that capacity.
But, small as they were, they reached the shore of the new world in safety under the skillful captain-ship of Martin Pring, and from them a boat expedition was sent up the Pascataqua River for a
-distance of twelve miles or so.
"Very goodly groves and woods and sundry sorts of beasts" were
^een by the
itheir errand
little band of explorers, but no attempt to found a settlement was made, the purpose of
being merely to gain an idea of " the lay of the land."
�DOVER AXD
4
OF IXTEREST.
ITS POIXTS
Eleven years later, or March 3, 16U,no less a personage tban Capt. John Smith, of Pocahontas fameembarked from London and reached Monhegan on the thirtieth day of the following month. After
arriving at this point he built seven boats, and in one of these, accompanied by eight men, he entered
the Pascataqua. At this time there was not, so far as is known, a single European residing at any
point on the long coast line extending from Plymouth to the French settlement on the island of Blount
Desert, although scattered along it at sparse intervals were places temporarily visited by fishermen.
This state of affairs continued for nearly a decade after Smith's visit, the time and manner of its-
termination being stated in Hubbard's "History of
New
England
"'
thus
:
THE KIRSX SETTLEMENT.
other gentlemen in the west of England, belonging to the cities of Exeter,.
having obtained patentsShrewsbury, and the towns of Plymouth, Dorchester, etc.,
made some attempts at beginning a
for several parts of the country of New England,
They sent over
plantation in some place about the Pascataqua River about the year 1623.
"Some merchants and
Bristol,
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
�DOVER ASD
ITS FOISTS
OF IS TBREST.
But happily it is no longer necessary to depend upon mere probabilities
a dav's journey distant.
to establish the date of Dover's settlement, for a few years ago there was discovered among the files
This paper is
-of Suffolk Court, an original document which determines it beyond a reasonable doubt.
in the form of a petition for a confirmation of a sale of territory made by Tahanto, Sagamore of
The
Penacook, in 1636, to William Hilton, Sr., and his son, 'William Hilton, Jr., the petitioner.
than
was presented
petition
-extract
in
1660, and fully covers the point at issue as will be seen
by the following
:
William Hilton, came over into New England about the
yor petitioner came about one yeare & an halfe after, and in a little
tyme following settld ourselves upon the River of Pascataq with Mr. Edw. Hilton, who were the
"'
first English planters there
" MVJiereas,
^eare
Anno
:
your
Dom
petitioner's father,
1621,
:
&
—
The petitioner was a nephew of Edward
known that his father came to Plymouth in
Hilton and bore a high reputation for integrity.
the ship Fortune,
November
11,
1621,
and that
It
is
his
wife and children followed in July or Aua'ust, 1623, or in other words after an inter\-al of about a year
- the evidence is conclusive that Edward
Hilton settled at
:and a half, as stated in the petit:
Dover in 1623, and as such is
the fact Dover is entitled to the
bonor of being the first settled
town in Xew Hampshire, and
Hilton to the distinction of having been the first permanent
settler in the State.
The exact
itively
is
of the
locality
settlement
original
known, that
is
not pos-
is
to say
it
not established by record, but
tradition places it at the extreme
southern point of Dover, and
authorities very generally agree
that this tradition is worthy of
credence.
Certainly
a
more
advantageous spot could not
have been selected, for it was
-easy of access by waterways,
which always form the chief and
St.
means of commuvirgin and wooded country
Thomas" Chtech a.xd Lafayette's Headqcaetees.
-often the only
the broad expanse of water on all sides but one rendered
impossible for the savases to approach in anv considerable force unseen, and the great
abundance of fish, so easily available at certain seasons, afforded an unlimited and invaluable food"
-supply which insured the settlers against that famine which was a by no means uncommon experience
nication in a
;
it practically
•of
Xew
England pioneers
less
fortunatelv located.
From an
aesthetic point of view, also, the choice
is now a popular summer resort.
Despite these advantages of location the work of settlement proceeded very slowly, Hubbard
stating that in 1631 "there were but three houses in all that part of the country adjoining the
was
a wise one, for the scenery
is
beautiful and varied in this region which
Pascataqua River. There had also been some expense about salt works."
The title under which Edward Hilton and his associates in England held their lands was some-what vague and unsatisfactory so they made application to have it more specifically defined. All the
territory on this continent between the fortieth and the forty-eighth degrees of north latitude was
controlled by an organization generally called the ''Plymouth Council," which held and disposed of
4he lands within these limits by virtue of letters patent received from the King, November 3, 1606,
�DOVER AND
6
ITS POINTS OF INTEREST.
body which made the grant desired by the Dover settlers and those associated witht
was issued March 12, 1630, and as all the land titles in Dover and several neighboring townsproceed from it it is of sufficient interest to warrant our giving it almost verbatim
anrl
it
them.
wa-s this
It
:
"
Now know
yee that the said President
&
Councell by Virtue
&
Authority of his Majties said
Letters Patents, and for and in consideracon lliat Edward Hilton & his Associates hath already at his
and their owne proper costs and charges transported sundry servants to plant in New England aforesaid
by the natives Wecanacohunt otherwise Hiltons' point lying som two leagues from
New England aforesaid where they have already Built som
houses, and planted Corne, And for that he doth further intend by God's Divine Assistance, to
transport thither more people and cattle, to the good increase and advancement & for the better
settling and strengthing of their plantacon as also that they may be better encouraged to proceed in
soe pious a work which may Especially tend to the propagacon of Religion and to the Great Increase
of Trade to his Majties Realmes and Dominions, and to the advancement of pulilique plantaeon, Have
given granted Enfeoifed and Confirmed, and by this their p'sent writing doe fully clearly and
absolutely give grant enfeoffe and confirm unto the said Edward Hilton his heires and assignes for
ever, all that part of the River Pascataquack called or known by the name of Wecanacohunt or
Hiltons' Point witb the south side of the said River, up to the flail of the River, and three miles into
Together with all the Shoares, Creeks, Bays Harbors
the Maine Land by all the breadth aforesaid.
and Coasts, alongst the sea within the limits and Bounds aforesaid with the woods and Islands next
adjoyneing to the said Lands, not being already granted by the said Councell unto any other person or
persons together alsoe with all the Lands River mines Minerals of what kinde or nature soever, woods
Quarries, Marshes, Waters, Lakes, ffishings. Huntings, Hawkings ffowlings, Comodities Emolurats and
hereditaments whatsoever withall and singular their or to the said Lands lying within the same Limitsunto the said Edward Hilton his heirea,^
or Bounds belonging or in any wise appertaining
Associates and Assignes forever to the onely proper use and behoof of the said Edward Hilton hi»
heires Associates & Assignes for ever, yielding and paying unto our Soveraigne Lord the King oneflSftb part of Gold and Silver Oares, and another ffifth part to the Councell aforesaid and their
successors to be holden of the said Councell and their successors by the rent hereafter in these p'sentsReserved, yielding and paying therefor yearly for ever unto the said Councell tlieir successors or
Assignes for every hundred Acres of the said Land in use the sume of twelve pence of Lawfull
money of England into the hands of the Rent gatherers for the time being of the said Councell yr
successors or Assignes for all services whatsoever."
at a place there called
the
mouth
of the River Pascataquack in
.
.
.
Nearly a year and a half elapsed before the actual delivery of the land, this ceremony being^
performed July 7, 1631, by Thomas Lewis, acting under power of attorney from the Council. It wasdelivered on the premises, the witnesses being Thomas Wiggin, William Hilton, Samuel Sharpe, and
James Downe.
No
record appears of any history of the Dover settlement during the time between the date of
the grant and the formal delivery of the land, and indeed the records of the early history of this
colony are exceptionally meagre and unsatisfactory, especially when compared with those of the
and the reason of this difference is plain. Men possessed of
resulting from them, naturally take care to see that full
and clear records are made of the origin and progress of that movement, that their ways may be
justified and their convictions and sacrifices appreciated by their successors, and in time, by all manThen again, the history of such an undertaking cannot but be of peculiar interest to the
kind.
student of humanity and must of necessity contain more of romance and of unusual happenings than
the history of an enterprise carried on by those seeking to better merely their worldly position, and so
Plymouth and Massachusetts Bay
colonies,
peculiar ideas and identified with a
movement
actuated by the commonplace motives which animate people in general. The Pilgrims of Plymouth
and the Puritans of Massachusetts Bay did not leave the old country because they could not gain a.
satisfactory livelihood there, or because they thought the New World offered more opportunities for
�DOVER AND
ITS POINTS
OF INTKHEST.
7
the accumulation of wealth, but because they sought that liberty of conscience which was denied them
in England
but while this motive was common to them both there was one essential point of
difference between them which is now generally overlooked, the result being that Puritan and Pilgrim
are almost synonymous terms in the popular mind, the only distinction made being that the Puritans
settled at one point on the coast and the Pilgrims at another.
Yet their convictions were radically
;
different, for the Pilgrims felt themselves obliged to separate entirely
from the Church of England and
but had conscientious
scruples concerning some of its ceremonies.
The New Hampshire colonists belonged to neither i)arty.
They held no peculiar ideas concerning Church or State and had no theories of terapoi-al or spiritual
to discountenance iis
existence, while the Puritans recognized
that church
Central Avenue, Looking South.
government differing from those accepted
in England, their only object in braving the dangers and
being the acquisition of wealth.
Of course this motive was
mixed with various others, such as a liking for a life of adventure and an ambition to gain a social
position denied to many of them in the Old World but they were guided in their affairs and encouraged
in their efforts by no dominating, conscientious conviction peculiar to themselves, and so the early
discomforts of
life
in the wilderness
;
historians gave but
the
number
little
heed to their enterprises and the records now extant'have mostly to do with
of beaver skins and other furs obtained
from the Indians, the amount^^of
fish
cured for
the English market, and other prosaic happenings.
The most prominent man among those witnessing the delivery of the lands to Edward Hilton was
Captain Thomas Wiggin, who probably represented the Bristol merchants who hadjtaken that portion
�8
DOVER AND
ITS POINTS
OF INTEREST
now comprised within Dover's limits as their own. He returned to England the following year to get^
men and means to carry on the work of settlement bnt proceedings were delayed on account of
negotiations for the sale of the property, they being brought to a successful conclusion in 1633. The
Bristol men disposed of their interests for the sum of 2150 pounds, and it is said that the purchasers
were the Puritan Lords, Say and Brook, George Willys and William Whiting, but there were
evidently others besides these judging from the subsequent records relating to the property. This
change in ownership brought about a change also in the religious auspices under which the colony was
conducted, for
Edward Hilton was an adherent
of the
Church of England, while his successor, Captain
Thomas Wiggin, was of Puritan sympathies.
He is spoken of in a letter written
June 22, 1633, to Governor Winthrop, of
Massachusetts, as follows
:
"Before I end, I must not forgett to
put you in minde of one that is cominge
whoe hath deserved exceedingly
your father & the plantation, many
wayes he discovered ( under God ) our
enemies plotts, ifc helpt to prevent them
he hath also dispossest our enemies of
their hope, Pascataqua, and intends to
plant him selfe and many gracious men
there this sommer.
Noe doubt but this
to you,
of
;
;
may
be and wil be by diverse
reported to you
;
in this shipj)
but out of the mouth of
diverse witnesses the truth
is
confirmed.
and you all have cause to blesse
God that you have soe good a neighbour
as Capt. Wiggin."
I have,
October
10,
1633,
Wiggin landed
at
Salem, Mass., with "about thirty" colo-
Dover, "some of whom were of
and of some account for
religion," and the party proceeded withnists for
good
estate
out delay
Point.
to the settlement
at
Hilton's
They were accompanied by Rev.
William Leverich, " an able and worthy
Puritan Minister," and a meeting-house
was built the following year, or in 1634,
First Pakish Courch.
so that this parish has the honor of being
the first to be established in New Hampshire.
Captain Wiggin did not long remain in control of the
colony, being succeeded in 163V by Rev. George Burdett, who was made Governor by agreement
of the people who were otherwise destitute of civil government, as the corporation under whose
auspices the settlement was being developed had been organized merely for planting and trading
purposes and had no governing powers.
About December, 1638, he was succeeded by Captain John Underbill, who came to Dover that
Underbill was a brave
year on account of his being banished from the Massachusetts Bay Colony.
soldier but^appears to have been unprincipled and utterly untrustworthy, both in private and public life.
Underbill was succeeded as chief magistrate by Thomas Roberts, ancestor of the very large
family of that name to be found throughout New Hampshire and Maine.
The Pascataqua plantations came under the jurisdiction of Massachusetts in 1641, this change
being made with the full consent of the people, as important concessions were made to individuals and
�DOVER AND
ITS POINTS OF INTEREST.
9
to the towns, and the colonists ( those of Dovpi- especially were tired of the confusion arising from
the contests of those favoring and those opposing annexation. They knew that no effective resistance
could be made if Massachusetts sought to gain her end by force of arms, and, as they made excellent
)
terras (Massachusetts granting everything in exchange for the simple title of sovereignity,) their
The Pascataqua towns
their course was undoubtedly the wisest one that could have been taken.
remained under Massachusetts jurisdiction for nearly forty years, and so fully were their rights
respected and so much did they prosper while this state of affairs continued that the majority of the
people were reluctant to accept the mandate which made New Hampshire a royal province and severed
their connection with Massachusetts.
The thirty years following the anne.^ntioii of Dover tn ^Iissachusotts was comparatively
Morrill nLocK, Franklin Square.
tineventful, hut this period was to be followed
by one the
like of
which the colony had never known
for they had thus far lived at peace with the Indians, who had cordially welcomed the early settlers
but long-continued abuse, cheating and contempt of the redskins by many of the colonists at last had
their natural effect, and in 1675 the first general war with the Indians commenced, the first blood-shed
;
•occurring at Oyster River, in September of that year.
Interesting and romantic as the history of these Indian troubles
influence upon the fortunes of the colony,
is
and important
we cannot give them even passing notice
as
was their
as the exigencies of
space compel us to proceed at once to the events attending the birth of the present Dover, for old as
the town is in one sense, in another it is comparatively young, for it was truly " born again" after the
advent of the manufacturing enterprises which inspired it with such life and vigor that in a few years
�DO VER AND
10
ITS POINTS
OP INTEREST.
caught up with and passed by every town in New Hampshise but one, Dover being second only to>
Portsmouth in population for nearly a score of years.
The last year in which Dover blood was shed upon Dover soil was in 1725, during the French and
it
Indian War, but many of the townspeople lost their lives during the Revolution, for the people were
heart and soul in favor of that war and were well represented in the Continental armies.
The
population of the town in 17V6 was less than it had been in 1700, being but 1666, and at the close of
it was still less and the town, and in fact the entire country, was poor, much indebt,
and struggling against the many disadvantages of a worthless currency.
The effects of the war
the Revolution
continued long after the close of the struggle, but soon after the establishment of the Constitution the
industries and commerce of the country began to revive, although years elapsed before Dover began
new order of things.
The first United States census, taken just a.
found Dover with a population of 1998, an increase of 132 in fifteen years, and
the result of the census of 1800 was even more discouraging, while that of 1810 was but little better,.
to feel the full benefits of the
century ago,
in 1790,
Franklin Square, Dover.
and that of 1820 indicated slow progress, but from 1820 to 1830 the old town " made up for lost time""
in a most decided manner, and progress was so rapid and pronounced thereafter that in 1855 it
wa»
deemed necessary to have a city charter in order that the business of voting could be carried out in one
day, instead of extending over two or three as was frequently the result of the unwieldy towi*
organization, and in order that all public business might be more efiiciently and promptly transacted.
At this time the area of Dover was practically the same as now, it having been greatly reduced
from the original township which included the present City of Dover, Somersworth, Rollinsford,
Durham, Wadbury, Lee, Newington and probably a part of Greenland. A small portion of the lower
eastern end of Rollinsford was restored to Dover in 1879.
�DO VER AND ITS PO/M'S OF INTEREST.
DOVEK AS A
li
CIXV.
Dover was signed June 29, 1855, and the charter was aewptc<l
August 15, 1855, the first mayor taking the oath of office and
the city government being inaugurated March 25, 1856.
The great increase in wealth and population which caused the town government after an cxisience
of 222 years to be superseded by a city organization, was chiefly brought about by the cotton industry
which had its origin here in 1812, when the Dover Cotton Factory was incorporated with a capital of
$50,0(10, this company building a factory two miles above the Lower Falls, as it was then thought
This
that the i)ower at the latter point was fully taken up by the saw and grist mills there located.
establishment was long known as the Upper Factory and was not so successful as its projectors had
The
by
act incorporating the City of
the townspeople at a meeting held
supposed
it
would be
;
but they had strong faith
in the
future of the cotton industry and
in
1821 they
Centkal Square, Dovjsk.
extended their operations very considerably, obtaining control of the Lower Falls and building thefirst cotton mill erected in the village ; the capital of the company having been increased to $500,000.
It was again increased, June 17, 1823, to $1,000,000 and the name of the corporation was changed from
the " Dover Cotton Factory " to the " Dover Manufacturing
Company," a
third increase of capital
The company failed to make the enterprise
being made June 20, 1826 when it became $1,500,000.
profitable, however, and was succeeded by a corporation which still exists and which has made the
undertaking one of the most extensive and best-known of the kind in the world. This is the " Cocheco
Manufacturing Company," incorporated June 27, 1827, with a capital of $1,500,000, and now operating
Connected with this
five mills and manufacturing some 32,000,000 yards of cloth per annum.
Works their product amounting to about 50,000,000 yards per
two establishments consuming 12,000 bales of cotton a year. Employment is given to
The plant of machinery in these mills
2,000 operatives and the monthly pay-roll amounts to $50,000.
includes 100,000 spindles and 2,443 looms.
enterprise are the Cocheco Print
annum
;
the
;
�DOVER AND
12
Some conception
ITS POINTS
OF INTEREST.
of the effect which the establishment of cotton manufacturing and of other
may be gained by comparing the increase in population in the years
following their introduction with that of previous years. In 1790 the population of Dover was 1998
in 1800 it was 2062, a gain of 64 in ton years.
In ISIO it had become 2228, a gain of 166, and in 1820
it was 2871, a gain of G-t3.
But during the decade following, or that in which the cotton business was
founded, there was an increase in population of almost 100 i)er cent., the number of inhabitants in 1830
being 5449, or 2578 more than in 1820, And the increase in wealth was even more decided, for the
industries had upon the town
;
taxable property more than doubled in amount and the legitimate consequence of the era of prosperity
which had dawned upon the community was to be seen in the many new streets which had been laid
out, the new bridges which had been built, the hundreds of new dwelling houses which h.ad been
constructed, and the new church edifices which had been erected. Nor were these the only results of
the changed condition of affairs. This same decade witnessed the opening of the Dover Bank and of
the Savings Bank of the County of Strafford, the incorjioration of the Dover Aqueduct Company and
Central Avenue, Dover, Looking North.
the establishment of two newspapers, the Gazette and the Inquirer, making three local publications of
Dover Sun, had been founded some thirty years before.
this kind, as the
From
1830 to 1840 the growth of the town was by no means so large as during the preceding
was not confined to Dover for the whole country was injuriously
•decade, but this check in progress
affected by the conditions then prevailing.
There was great uncertainty as to the action of the
government on the nullification and tariff questions, disastrous speculations in Eastern land had shaken
•confidence and unsettled values, and this condition of affairs was aggravated by the suspension of
specie payments and the subsequent financial panics which destroyed some great business enterprises,
crippled many more and caused capital to be as timid as it had formerly been venturesome.
The gain in population from 1840 to 1850 was almost double that of the preceding ten years it
being 1728, making the total number of inhabitants 8186.
This decade witnessed the advent of the
�i
DOVER AAD
ITS POINTS
OF INTEREST.
i;j:
As a whole these changes wereand in some cases were utterly destroyed, notably,
that conducted by the Dover Packet Ccmpany, which had been in successful operation for many yearsas it furnished the sole means of intercourse between Dover and the business world and so transported
Many vessels were utilized and at one time Dover's commerce
all the freight to and from the town.
with Boston was greater than that of any other place east of New York, Portsmouth exceptedNaturally " the Landing" had long been the centre of business but later the opening of the Boston &
Maine Railroad, in 1841, and the building, a few years later, of the Cocheco Railroad to Alton,,
business deserted the Landing gradually and established itself convenient to the railroad.
Within the;
past ten or twelve years the shipping interests of Dover have revived and a large, well-equipped fleet;
of coasting vessels now sail from this port.
railway, which worked great changes in the business of the town.
beneficial
but
individual
enterprises suffered
Residenck of Jonathan Sawyer, Esq.
Dover's importance as a distributing point for trade in the interior declined very materially, of
was more than compensated for by the development
course, after the building of the railroads, but this
of local interests.
But
little
this period the
town became a
city
of gas in the houses and streets,
eflicient
made from 1850 to 1860, the increase being but 316, but during
and many valuable improvements were inaugurated, such as the use
better sidewalks and roadways, a police court and a more prompt and
gain in population was
enforcing of the laws.
become 9,874, showing an increase of 1,.372 during the decade, and in
1880 the figures were 11,693, a gain of 1,819 in ten years.
By the census of 1890 Dover has a
population of 12,780, showing an increase of 1,093 and proving that she is fully maintaining her
In 1870 the population had
among New Hampshire cities.
As has before been stated, the rapid development
position
of Dover during the years immediately preceding and following the adoption of a city charter, was not due entirely to the cotton industi-y but to-
�DO VSR A^D ITS POINTS OF INTER EST.
14
the combined effects of this and other branches of manufacture, prominent among the latter being
the woolen industry which was established here by Alfred I. Sawyer, founder of tlie enterprise now
on by the Sawyer Woolen Company and known throughout the country.
The boot and shoe industry has been and is another potent factor in the building up of the town
and city, it having attained large proportions since its introduction in 1847. In fact, when the business is good, more hands are employed in this than in any other local industry and the very magnitude
of the trade prevents our giving it the attention it deserves, for were we to make anything like
•carried
detailed mention of each of the houses engaged in
As
it,
the limits of our space
far back as 1854 there were eight shoe factories in town,
period, and at the present time
with any
Dover has some establishments
some
would be far exceeded.
of which were very large for that
of this kind that will
compare favorably
in the State.
Boots and shoes are not the only leather goods that are manufactured in Dover on a very large
Williams & Sons are extensively engaged in the production of leather
belting and lacings, thej' operating one of the largest factories of the kind in the country.
The banks of Dover have rendered such efficient aid in developing the resources of the city, that
the history of each and all of them will well repay careful study.
The educational facilities of Dover are excellent and the history of their origin and development
is very interesting, but the necessity of keeping this sketch within its assigned limits compels us to
pass it by. Franklin Academy, incorporated in 1805, has a high reputation and numbers among its
graduates many men who have won distinction in public, professional and business life. The pnblic
schools are liberally supported and efficiently conducted, so that by no means the least of Dover's
many advantages as a place of residence is the opportunity afforded to give one's children a sound,
practical and thorough education.
scale, for the firm of Isaac B.
The Church societies of the city embrace nearly
commodious church edifices adorn the streets.
all
the
more prominent
religious sects, and
many
Fraternal and benevolent societies are also well represented, the Masons being especially numerous
and
Orphan Council, No. 1, was organized April 2.3, 1832, and has the honor of being the
oldest council in the State. The Odd Fellows, Knights of Pythias, Knights of Honor, and other prominent societies have large memberships and do much to promote sociability and alleviate distress.
influential.
It is just
about a century since the
first
newspaper published
in
Dover appeared, and the history
many journalistic failures and successes since that time would make a large but very interesting
volume. The great political parties have for some j'ears been very ably represented in this city by
of the
daily as well as by weekly publications, and as regards devotion to the interests of all people, literary
merit, enterprise, circulation and advertising patronage, the Dover newspaper press will not suffer by
comparison with that of any other New Hampshire city.
No mention has been made in this sketch of the advantages offered by Dover as a purchasing
center, for these are very fully set forth in the pages devoted to description of the more prominent
mercantile and manufacturing enterprises, the high standing of which in comparison with those of
other communities, conclusively proves that the conditions under which operations are carried on here
are, on the whole, exceptionally favorable.
New enterprises, and })articularly new manufacturing enterprises, will be cordially welcomed by
the people, both in their private and in their corporate capacity, and the natural and other advantages
offered are such as may well attract those contemplating the establishment of new plants or the
removal of those now established under unfavorable conditions. Dover is an excellent city to live in as
well as to do business in, and judging from present indications her development during the next ten
years will have made her more prominent than ever among New Hampshire cities when the opening of
the twentieth century finds her well on her way towards her three hundredth birth-day.
�LEADING BUSINESS MEN OF DOVER,
garment
at a very low price, for working wear; and in either case will give
full value for every dollar received
and spare no pains to satisfy you fully
in every respect.
Extensive facilities,
broad experience, and exceptional executive ability are essential to the successful carrying out of so liberal and
comprehensive a policy, and the fact
that it is successfully carried out
proves that none of these conditions
are wanting.
l\Ir. W. S. Bradley, the
jiroprietor of this representative enterprise, is a native of Fairtield, Vt. and
is widely and favorably known in business circles throughout this section of
the State.
He gives close supervision
to the various departments of the undertaking, and has the business so thoroughly systematized that the responsibility for any mistake can be easily
placed
and as a consequence, mistakes are of ver}' rare occurrence.
From six to ten assistants are employed in the store, and from twenty
to fifty in the workrooms
so that
despite the magnitude of the business
callers are assured prompt and careful
attention and all orders can be filled
at short notice.
The premises utilized comprise two
floors and a basement, each measuring 40 X 90 feet, and a
large proportion of this extensive space is taken up by
the heavy stock of clothing, gentlemen's furnishings, hats,
caps, etc., which is complete in every department and
comprises the latest fashionable novelties.
Goods are
cheerfully shown, and visitors to Dover as well as residents
of that city should make it a point to call at 4.36 and 438 Cen
tral Avenue, and examine as clean and desirable a stock of
clothing and furnishings as can be found in the State.
,
—
;
Dover Clothing
and Jlerchant Tailors;
4i!6 and 438 Central Avenue,
Dover Clothing Company began operations in 1880, and during the past decade have built up a
business which is remarkable alike for its magnitude and
its scope.
The great secret of this company's general
W.
S.
Co., Clothiers
Bradley, Proprietor.
Dover, N. H.
— The
popularity lies in the fact that all classes of trade are
catered to vpith equal care and ability.
They will make
as choice a custom garment as any tailor in New
England, and they will furnish you with a strong, durable
you
�LEADING BUSINESS MEN OF DOVER.
16
Thomas H. Dearborn & Co., dealers in Foreign and
Domestic Dry Goods, 452 and 454 Central Avenue, Dover,
N. H. It would require much more space than we have
at our command to properly describe the stock carried by
Messrs, Thomas H, Dearborn it Co., at their spacious
establishment, Nos. 453 and 454 Central avenue, >and even
if we had the necessary space such a description would be
of doubtful utility, for however accurate it might be at
the time of writing it would be deficient before it reached
our readers, for the firm in question make a practice of
giving their customers an opportunity to choose from the
latest novelties, and as a necessary consequence tlieir stock
is constantly being renewed in one department or another.
They deal in foreign and domestic dry goods of every
description, and two floors of the dimensions of 90 X 45
feet each are required to accommodate the heavy stock
carried.
The handling of cloaks, shawls, etc., forms an
important department of the business, and a very varied
and desirable assortment of these articles is always on
hand to select from. This firm was organized in 1884,
—
the partners being Mr. Thomas II. Dearborn, a native of
Northfield, N. H., and Mr, Frank N. French, a native of
Exeter, N. II.
Both these gentlemen are thoroughly
familiar with the dry goods business, and give their enterprise careful personal supervision, maintaining the service
Employment
at the very highest standard of efficiency.
is given to ten competent assistants, and we need hardly
add that prompt and polite attention is assured to every
From the very beginning, the policy of the firm
caller.
has been to ofler thoroughly dependable goods at the very
lowest market rates, and that such methods are appreciated is proved by the extensive and steadily increasing
patronage.
Clark &, Aldrich, New and Secondhand Furniture
and iMusical Instruments, Auctioneers. No. 463 Central Avenue, Dover, N. H.^The establishment conducted
by Messrs, Clark & Aldrich at No. 463 Central avenue, is
popular among both buyers and sellers, for the firm deal
largely in new and second hand furniture, musical instruments, etc.
"Picture-framing" is also done in the best
possible manner at this establishment.
Messrs, Clark &
Aldrich do a commission business, selling articles at auction and at private sale, and keeping the best of faith with
their customers at all times.
This enterprise was inaugurated a good many years ago. and in 1881 came under the
control of Messrs. J. W. Foss & Co., who were succeeded
by the present owners in 1890. Jlr. F. G. Clark is a
native of this city, and Mr, B. S. Aldrich, of Whilefield,
N. H., both these gentlemen giving clofe personal attention to the supervision of affairs, and sparing no pains to
assure prompt and satisfactory attention to every caller.
The premises utilized are 20 X To feet in dimensions, and
as they comprise one floor and a basement, opportunity is
given to carry a large and varied stock. There is no
establishment in town where a dollar will go farther in the
purchase of dependable goods, and the assortment is sufficiently varied to suit all tastes and all purses.
Mone^'
will be loaned on personal property at moderate rates, and
all such business can be quickly and privately transacted.
Converse & Hammond, wholesale and retail dealers in
Eastern and Western Long and Short Lumber, Lime,
Cement, Calcined and Ground Plaster, Roofing. Slate, Fire
Brick. Kaolin, Plastering Hair, Plum Inland Sand, Superphosphates, Guano and Ground Bone General Agents for
E. Frank Coe's Super-Phosphates; 17 Cocheco Street,
Dover, N. H. The undertaking carried on under the firmname of Converse
Hammond was founded in 1874, by
Messrs. Converse & Blaisdell, who in 1876 were succeeded
by Mr. J, Converse, he giving place to Messrs. Converse &
Hobbs in 1878. In 1883 Messrs. Converse & Wood assumed
control and in 1884 the existing firm name was adopted, it
being still retained although Mr, Converse retired in 1889,
his interest being taken by Mr. A. C. Place, a native of
;
—
&
New
Hampshire,
who
is
associated with Mr. M. B.
Ham-
mond,
a native of Albion, Maine.
The firm utilize extensive premises located at the head of navigation and comprising numerous storehouses and ample yard room, for a
very heavy and varied stock is carried, made up of Ea'-tem
and Western long and short lumber, lime, cement, calcined
and ground plaster, rooting slate, fire brick, kaolin, plastering hair. Plum Island sand, super phosphates, ground
bone and guano. They do both a wholesale and retail
business and are general agents for E. Frank Coe's SuperPhosphates, which are generally conceded by practical
men everywhere to have no superiors in the market. The
firm are in a position to quote bottom prices on the many
commodities handled, and to fill the most extensive orders
at very short notice.
The oflice is at No. 17 Cocheco
street, and as it has telephone connection, orders can be
sent without trouble from any point in this vicinity.
D. Lothrop & Co., Jobbers and Retailers of Pianos,
Organs and Sewing Machines, Dover, N. H. Importer*
and Publishers, Boston, Mass. The story of the origin
and development of the many important enterprises conducted by Messrs. D. Lothrop & Co., is of exceptiona)
interest, but to do it justice would require much more
space than the necessity of keeping this book within reasonable limits places at our disposal, and we regret this
the less from feeling assured that the large majority of
our Dover readers are already familiar with the more
—
Were a novelist to present as
characters three brothers, each_ active, enterprising and
self reliant, each having strong individualitj', and each a
man of affairs as well as of business, and represent them
as agreeing to combine fortunes and share equal profits
while carrying on widely distinct enterprises, and finally
represent them as implicitly keeping this agreement for
more than forty j'ears, his characters would be criticized
as utterly impracticable, and yet this is the state of affairs in
the firm of D. Lothrop & Co,
The partners are Daniel,
James E. and John C. Lothrop, all of whom are natives of
Rochester, N. H.
As importers and publisliers the firm
have an international reputation, and the members of it
are also largely interested in the drug business, and the
clothing business, but the present article is confined to a
consideration of an enterpiise which, although of quite
recent origin as compared with their other undertakings,
has developed so rapidly and continuouslj' as to have
become the largest of its kind in the State if not in New
England. We refer to the jobbing and retailing of pianos,
organs, music and musical merchandise, and sewing ma
The firm began to handle these goods in 1873 and
chines.
a very fortumite venture it has proved to be fortunate
not only for the proprietors but also for the purchasing
public, who find at this establishment a full selection of
thoroughly reliable articles offered at the lowest market
rates.
The piemises made use of comprise two floors, of
the respective dimensions of 20 X 80 and 24 X 'i^S feet, and
contain a very latge and complete stock at all times.
Employment is given to twelve assistants, and despite the
magnitude of the business orders are filled with the greatest promptitude, so well considered a system being in operation that all confusion is avoided.
The resident partner,
James E. Lothrop, exercises a general supervision over
the enterprise, and we need hardly add that the service is
maintained at the highest standard of efficiency.
Mr.
Lothrop has been connected with the Cocheco National
Bank since 18.58 iind has officiated as president since 1876.
He has served as Slate Representative and as mayor of
Dover, his service in the latter capacity proving of special
value to this community, one of the most noteworthy
features of it being the establishment of a free public
library.
Mr. Lothrop is the financial head of all the enterprises with which he and his brothers are identified, and
although nominallj' supervising the Dover business only.
his counsel is frequently called for in the direction of the
firm's undertakings in Boston and elsewhere.
salient facts in the case.
—
�LEADING BUSINESS MEN OF DOVER.
17
Walter H. Rines, Merchant Tailor Ladies' and Gents'
Clothing Dyed and Repaired
484 Central Avenue, over
enjoy an additional advantage in the fact that the stock,
carried is so large and varied that it is easy to find goods
Boston Hninch, Dover, N. H. To many people, a suit of
clothes is a suit of clothes, and that is all there is to it.
therein which are particularly suited to the present business in hand. This undertaking was founded in 1840 and
after several changes in its management came into the possession of the present firm in 1880.
The premises occupied are located in Cocheco Block, and comprise one floor
and basement each 20 X 50 feet in dimensions.
Two
efflcient assistants are employed, and an extensive retail
Paints, oils and varnishes of every
business is done.
description will be supplied in quantities to suit at the
very lowest market rates, and special attention is given to
handling brushes, artists' materials and window glass ;
also sperm, cylinder, lard and spindle oils of warranted
quality, all orders being accurately filled without delay.
Jlr. Andrew P. Folsom is a native of Dover.
;
;
—
They apparently believe, that given a certain quantity
matt-rial it makes no difference how it is put together
of
so
long as it takes the shape of a suit and hence they are
easily imposed upon by such dealers as are disposed to
vrork off their goods more by their appearance when new
than by their real merits. It may be taken as an axiom
that the §5.00 spent for superior workmanship and trimmings are invested to better advantage than any other
portion of the purchase money, and those who will accept
and act on this hint, will tiud their reward in the
improved appearance and superior durability of their
wearing apparel.
To assure the best of material put
together in the most skillful manner, an establishment of
repute must be patronized, and none better can be chosen
than that conducted by Mr. Walter 11. Rines, at No. 484
Central avenue. This undertaking had its inception in
1886, and has been steadily conducted since that date
with constantly increasing success. Mr. Rines is a native
of Dover.
lie has that thorough understanding of his
business so essential to the highest success.
choice
stock of foreign and domestic cloths is carried, and firstclass clothing is made to order, a perfect fit and good
workmanship being guaranteed. Ladies' and gents' clothing dved and repaired in a most satisfactory and thorough manner, at very reasonable prices. Six experienced
assistants are employed, and equitable rates prevail, while
every order is given the promptest attention.
ery,
in
^
Whips, Blankets, Robes, Fly
Horse Boots, Trunks,
Nets,
Bags,
etc..
Repairing
a
Spe-
cialty, 49.5 Central Avenue, Dover, N. H.
It is both safer and
cheaper to use a good harness
—
than a poor one, and there need
be no difficulty about getting a
good harness if you go to the right kind of a place. VVe
have no hesitation in recommending that now carried on
by Mr. .J. T. Peaslee at No. 49.5 tientral avenue, for this
establishment was founded bj' yiv. Geo. W. Ilayes in 1839,
the present proprietor assuming full control of the business in 1888.
Jlr. Peaslee is both able and willing to produce fine harnesses at prices as low as the lowest for similar work.
His establishment is 2.5X40 feet in dimensions,
and is completely fitted up for the manufacture of harness
of every ddscription, and the doing of repairing in general.
A well-selected stock, is constantly carried, comprising
whips, blankets, robes,
fly nets, horse boots
also trunks,
bags, etc., these articles tseing offered at moderate prices,
as well as guaranteed to prove as represented.
Mr. Peaslee was born in Dover, and has a large circle of friends
throughout the vicinity and numbers among his customers
some who have traded with the house for many years.
His reputation for turning out vmiformly reliable work is
as high as it is de.served, and applies to rep.iiring as well
as to the making of harnesses to order.
Selected material
is used in the filling of every order, and as skilled help is
employed, work can be done at very short notice.
Avenue
and Kirkland Street, Dover,
X. H.
In about every community there is a more or
—
less brisk
I
^^^
'"r-HAn
7^^^
'^
demand
for single
busi-
and double teams for
ness
^ and
this
or
it is
pleasure purposes,
to be regretted that
demand
is
indifferently
'''
catered to by a certain proporliou of stable keepers, for on account of the poor
accommodations offered at some establishments of this
kind the general public have formed such an opinion of
public stables that a " livery stable team " is considered as
synon)'mous with a broken down horse and a more or less
worthless carriage.
There is no justice in judging every
establishment by the policy followed in the management
of comparatively few, and certainly no competent judge
can make use of the facilities provided by Mr. G. W Parker, at his stable, corner of Central avenue and Kiikland
street, without conceding that " livery stable teams" are
by no means necessarily poor. This livery stable was
originally established by Wm. Roberts, who gave place to
Mr. Sam'l Mitchell, about fifteen years ago, he being succeeded in 1884 by the firm of Parker
Kennedy. In 18.S6
Mr. Parker assumed the entire control of the business, and
has constantly striven to improve the service rendered.
There are twenty five stalls on the premises and an extensive hack, livery, l)oarding and sale business is done,
employment being given to three assistants, and every order
being assured prompt and careful attention. The proprietor is uniformly moderate in his charges, and as he makes
every effort to please his patrons, it is not at all surprising
that his establishment should stand high in public favor.
.
&
;
J. B. Folsom &, Co., dealers in Paints, Oils, Varnishes,
Brushes, Artists' Mi'terials, Window Glass, Sperm, Cylinder, Lard and Spindle Oils, Cocheco Block, Dover, N. H.
Much of tlie protective value of paints and varnishes
depends upon the character of the ingredients used in
their composition, and as these articles are used quite as
much for their preservative as for tlieir decorative qualities, it follows that care should be taken to purchase them
from a concern which may be depended upon to furnish
honest and reliable goods. No paint and varnish house in
Dover has a better record in this respect than that conducted by J. B. Folsom & Co., and customers of this firm
—
corner Centra!
G.
A
J. T. Peaslee, manufacturers
of Fine Harnesses, and dealer
W. Parker, Hack, LivBoarding and Sale Sta-
ble,
A. E. Parker, dealer
Gloves, Corsets.
in
Ladles'
Dry and Fancy Goods, Hosiery,
Underwear, Infants' Wardrobe,
Dress and Cloak Trimmings, .'576 Central Avenue, Dover,
N. H. Every business establishment has a character of
its own as surely as every individual has, and as the dis-
—
tinguishing characteristic of the enterprise carried on by
Mr. A. E. Parker is reliability, it is natural that it should
be very popidar with the purchasing public, for all of us
like to feel assured of getting what we pay for, and it is
Mr. Parker's invariable policy to represent his goods just
He
as they are and return full value for money received.
is a native of Wolfboro, N. H., and has been identified
with his present enterprise since 1877, having at that time
The premises occusucceeded Messrs. Andrew Brothers.
pied are located at No. 376 Central avenue, and have an
The stock comprises dry and
area of 1200 square feet.
fancy goods, hosiery, gloves, corsets, underwear, infants'
wardrobe, dress and cloak trimmings, etc., and is so complete in every department that not only all tastes but all
purses can easily be suited. Mr. Parker quotes prices as
low as can be named on first class goods, and with the
help of four efficient assistants is enabled to give every
caller immediate and courteous attention.
�—
LEADINO BUSINESS MEN OF DOVER
IS
&
Co., dealers in Coal and "Wood, of
O. H. Trickey
every descriptioQ sole agent for Breed's "Fire King:"
II.
office, First Street, Dover, N.
We have no doubt
but that many of the oldest and best-informed residents of
Dover would be surprised to learn the total amount of
;
coal and
wood consumed
consumption
is
—
in this citj'
and
vicinity, lor the
steadily and rapidly increasing and it is
not directly engaged in the business to
difficult for those
&
Co. supply a
keep track of it. Messrs. C. H. Trickey
large proportion of the local demand, for this firm have
carried on operations for about eighteen years, and have
built up a large trade by furnishing goods of standard
quality at the lowest market rates, and by sparing no p.iins
The
to ensure promptness and accuracy of delivery.
business was founded many years ago and was at one
time in the hands of Mr. Moses B. Page, he being succeeded by the present firm in 1873. The partners are
Messrs. C. H. Trickey and G. W. Avery, both of whom
Mr. Avery has served
are New Hampshire men by birth.
on the board of aldermen. Jlr. Trickey is thoroughly
identified with the commercial growth and prosperity of
He is largely engaged in the purcbase
this community.
of timber, or standing growth, purchasing either tbe land
and timber, or the timber alone, which is put on the market at figures very advantageous to buyers. Mr. Trickey
and his ancestors have for upward of fifty years attended
to all the hauling of the Cocheco Manufacturing Company and Print Works, and also attends to all heavy
transportation of goods of every description for manufacturers or merchants. From fifteen to twenty-five men and
some sixteen horses are employed, so taal large or small
orders will be filled accurately, promptly and at bottom
figures.
The firm deal in coal and wood of every description, special attention lieing given to handling the choicest
brands of anthracite and bituminous coal. The office is
located on First street, and yard on Cocheco street, head
of tide-water, and sufficient storage capacity is available
to accommodate 4000 tons.
Dr. A. J. Young, Dentist, No. 392 Central Avenue>
Dover, N. H. It would be absurd to say that anj' dentist,
no matter how skillful and carefnl, or how perfectly sup"
plied with the latest improved appliances, can practice his
profession without inflicting the least pain upon his
—
patients, but that some are more successful in this respect
than others, is a fact so obvious as to be known to all.
For instance, it is well understood in Dover and vicinity
that Dr. Young is one of the most gentle and successful
operators to be found in this .section, and it is also understood that this gentleness b)' no means interferes with the
thoroughness witb which his work is done, for, on the
contrary, by thus gaining the confidence of his patients,
he is enabled to accomplisb results which would otherwise
be impossible. Dr. Young is at the he.id of his profession,
a graduate of the Pennsylvania Dental College. Owing
to failing health from a long and continued practice of his
profession of thirty-seven years in Dover the doctor
spends his winters in the beautiful city of St. Augustine,
Fla., in his orange groves, returning to Dover to practice
his profession at 392 Central avenue, from Ma_v to DecemHis rooms are large and conveniently fitted up, the
ber.
—
—
comfort of patrons having been given great consideration.
The facilities at hand are such that dentistry in all its
branches can be successfull)' carried on in accordance with
the most approved methods, and these facilities by lessening the labor involved in doing a given piece of work,
enables Dr. Young to make his charges very reasonable
11 fact which is duly appreciated by the public.
Thomas Spurlin, dealer in Glassware and Crockery,
Wooden, Tin, Agate, Iron, and Fancy Ware. Agent for
the Boston Dinner Set Company, always a full line in stock,
394 Central Avenue, Dover. N. H. A tasteful dinner set
or tea set adds so much to the enjoyment of a meal and to
the appearance of a table, that it may justly be classed
Jiigh among the things which make a home attractive, and
—
beautiful sets can now be bought for so small an amount of
money, that there is no reason why all should not possess
them. Should any of our readers doubt this statement,
we will not waste their time and our own in argument,
but will simply advise them to visit the establishment
conducted by Mr. Thomas Spurlin, for here may be found
the latest novelties in glassware and Crocker}', besides a
full stock of wooden, tin, agate, iron and fancy ware.
The lowest market rates are quoted on all the goods handled, which comprise not only the styles of ware already
mentioned, but full lines of the Boston Dinner Set Company's goods, for which Mr. Spurlin is the agent. The
store is located at No. 394 Central avenue and is about 500
square feet in dimensions. The stock is fresh, varied and
attractive, the articles composing it are guaranteed to
prove as represented, and prompt and polite attention is
assured to every caller. Mr. Spurlin is a native of Tuftonboro, N. H., and has carried on his present establishment
since 1887.
He has built up a large business by enterprising methods and fair dealing, and those who have dealt
with him will agree that his success is the legitimate outof earnest and intelligent eff'orts to serve the public to
the best advantage.
come
D. C. M. Pierce, dealer in Beef, Pork, Hams, Mutton,
Fish, Oysters and Vegetables, 502 Central Avenue, Dover,
N. H. The secret of success is much the same, no matter
—
what business ma\' be engaged
in.
If you can furnish
at bottom prices, and give
to all orders, you need have no fear but
that a satisfaclor}' trade will soon be built up.
Such has
been the experience of ]\Ir. D. C. M. Pierce, who is
engaged in the meat and vegetable trade at No. 502 Central avenue, for since he succeeded Messrs. Howard
Thompson in 1865, his efforts to extend operations have
met with unquestionable success. Since 1887, Sir. Pierce
has been located at his present address, having at that
customers with reliable goods
prompt attention
&
time bought out Mr. Horace Dearborn. He is thoroughly
acquainted with the wants of family trade, and has shown
both intelligence and liberality in catering to the same.
The premises are 20 X 40 feet in dimensions and are sufficiently spacious to accommodate a large and varied stock
of choice meats, fish, oysters and vegetables. All tastes
and all purses may be accommodated at this store, for the
prices are in every instance in accordance with the lowest
market rates, and the choicest goods are handled, as well
as those of less variety and cost.
Competent assistants
are employed, and orders will be attended to immediately
and carefully, being accurately delivered to any address.
H. L. Brew.ster, Electrician, Morrill's Block, 472
Central Avenue, Dover, N. H.
Many and useful have
been the applications made of electricity since that subtle
"fluid" or " force," or whatever you may choose to call
it was first pressed into the service of mankind, and during
the past decade more progress has been made than in all
the previous years. The cost of electric bells, lighting
apparatus, etc., has been materially reduced and these
great conveniences thus placed within the means of the
general public. There is now no rea.son why everv dwelling house, store and factory should not be equipped with
electrical appliances, and as the efficienc}' of such apparatus is chiefly dependent upon the manner in which they
are put up, we take pleasure in calling the attention of our
readers to the facilities offered by Mr. H. L. Brewster, of
No. 472 Central avenue, for he is an expert and thoroughly
practical electrician and is prepared to furnish and put up
electric bells, burglar alarms, lighting apparatus, and in
short to do electric work of every description.
Mr. Brewster is in a position to supply electrical apparatus at manufacturer's prices, and can figure very closely on contracts to
supply such appliances and put them in practical operaEstimates will be cheerfully and promptly furnished,
tion.
and WDrk will be done under a guarantee that the results
will be strictly in accordance with representations.
—
�LEADING BUSINESS MEN OF DOVER.
&
Son, Fancy Goods, Fine Millinery,
T. P. Cressey
?Laces, Kid Gloves, etc., 390 Central Avenue, Dover, N.
H. It is safe to say tliat no business man in Dover is
more generally and favorably known than Mr. T. P Cressey, for he has carried on operations here for more than
forty years and has long been prominent in mercantile and
Mr. Cressey is a
financial circles as well as in public life.
native of Gorham, Maine, and founded his present business in 1S40. In 1873 the existing firm was formed by the
-admission of Mr. E. P. Cressey, a native of this city. The
-senior partner was formerly a director of the Dover
National Bank, and has served as councilman and as
-chairman of the school committee, holding the latter position three years.
The firm are extensively engaged in the
handling of fine millinery, fancy goods, laces, kid gloves,
trimmings, etc., doing both a wholesale and retail business
and carrying a large and varied stock, which always
includes the latest fashionable novelties, and for that and
•other reasons is highly esteemed by the ladies of Dover
and vicinity. The store is located at No. 390 Central avenue, and callers may safely depend upon receiving prompt
and courteous attention. Fine millinery work to order is
a very important department of the business, and during
the season twelve assistants are required to properly
:^ttend to the many orders received, as the prices are mod-erate and the work is uniformly first-class.
—
White, dealer in Sewing Machines, Needles, Oi'.
and Attachments of all kinds. Agent for Best
Makes Piantjs and Organs. Repairing a Specialty. No.
350 Central Avenue, Dover, N. [I. It is all very well for
sewing machine manufacturers to claim that their individual machine is the " best in the market," and in fact is
" the only machine worth buying," but the public have
their own ideas on such points and generally kno-w pretty
well what tliey want and why they want it. Therefore such an establishment as that conducted Ijy Mr. H. L.
White, at No. 350 Central avenue, is bound to be popular,
for the simple reason that Mr. White deals in many of the
leading sewing machines and consequently 3'ou can " pay
your money and take your choice " at his store without
being importuned to buy any particular make. Of course,
the advantage of each style will be pointed out if desired,
and any required information given, but the main point is
the great latitude of choice made possible by the scope of
the business. Mr. White is agent for the best makes of
pianos and organs, and we ma}' add is in a position to
-quote bottom prices on all the goods he handles. A large
stock of sewing machine supplies is carried, including
Jlr.
needles, oil, belts, and attachments of all kinds.
White is a native of Dover, and inaugurated liis present
H.
It.
Belts,
—
enterprise in 1885.
His reputation for fair dealing is of
the best, and customers may depend upon all representations made and also upon getting full value for every dollar expended.
Dover Navigation Company. President, Thomas B.
'Garland, Dover, N. H.
That the prosperity and development of a community are directly dependent upon the
transportation facilities available is a self-evident proposition, for, other things being equal, it is obvious that those
manufacturers and merchants who enjoy the best facilities
for the reception and shipping of goods, are best prepared
to meet the sharp competition now existing in practically
-every line of business. The present importance of Dover
as a manufacturing and trade centre is of course largely
-due to advantages of location, but tliese of themselves
would have availed nothing and in less enterprising hands
would not liave been nearly so well utilized as is now the
case.
The undertaking carried on by the Dover Navigation Company is of almost inestimable benefit te this city,
and indirect!}' to all the adjacent country, for this company
offers exceptionally desirable transportation facilities, and
from the origin of its business, in 1879, has shown most
•commendable enterprise in catering to the demands of its
constantly increasing trade. Some of the most prominent
—
men in this section of the State are identified
it, and naturally the company is in a position to render much more intelligent service under these circumstances than would be possible were its affairs controlled
by resident.s of other sections, no matter how able and
well-meaning they might be.
The president is Sir.
Thomas B. Garland, and the secretary and treasurer is Mr.
B. Frank Neally, while the managing committee is constituted of Messrs. Charles H. Trickey, B. Frank Neally,
John .1. Hanson, ,1. Frank Seavey, .John Holland an<i
Thomas B. Garland. The company has a capital of $180,000, and owns eight schooners now in commission, their
names and capacities being as follows John BraceireU,
Thomas B. Garland, 319 tons Zimri S. Wal335 tons
John J. Hanlingford, 295 tons
J. Chester Wood, 55 tons
Jonathan Sairyer, 400 tons J. Frank Season, 656 tons
vey, 400 tons
John Holland, 1000 tons. The vessels are
kept in first-class condition, are in charge of experienced
and reliable men, and enable the company to offer a serbusiness
with
:
;
;
;
;
;
;
;
vice unsurpassed for
economy and
practical efficiency.
John Mclntire, Meat and Vegetables, 345 Central
Avenue, Dover, N. H. It is true that the business done
at the establishment conducted by Mr. John Mclntire is a
rapidly growing one, but those who think Mr. Mclntire,
—
the energetic proprietor of the establishment in question,
is dependent upon " luck " for the popularity of the enterprise under his charge, make a great and inexcusable mistake.
say " inexcusable," for it seems to us as if no
intelligent person could visit this store, examine the variety and cWiracter of the goods offered for sale, observe the
We
uniform promptness and courtesy with which
all callers
are attended to and note the care shown in the delivery of
orders, without acknowledging that .such methods were
sure to build up a large trade, quite independent of
3Ir. SIcIntire has been
"luck," or anything like it.
engaged in this line of business for the past ten years, and
has therefore had sufficient experience to know what the
public want and to know how to supply them in the most
satisfactory manner.
Since 1887 he has occupied his present premises, which are located at No. 345 Central avenue,
and are about 400 square feel in dimensions. The stock
dealt in consists of meals and vegetables of all kinds.
Five assistants are employed, thus ensuring prompt and
painstaking attention to every customer, and the facilities
for the delivery of goods at short notice are in every way
desirable.
Mr. Mclntire also runs four carts, and warrants his goods to prove as represented, and invariably
gives all purchasers the full worth of their money.
J. Herbert Seavey, Hardware, 300 Central Avenue,
Dover, N. II. The manufacture of hardware has become
one of the leading industries of the country, and as the
goods produced vary as greatly in quality- as they do in
—
kind, a retail dealer who proposes to furnish articles that
can be depended upon must have ability and experience as
Mv. J. Herbert Seavey has been
well as good will.
engaged in the handling of hardware, farmer's tools, etc
in this city for a long time, and succeeded Messrs. G. F.
Rollins & Co., in the ownership of the establishment with
which he is now identified more than ten years ago. The
natural presumption is therefore tliat he is thoroughly
familiar witli the merits of the articles in which he deals,
and this presumption becomes certainty on examining his
The store is located at No.
stock and noting his prices.
300 Central avenue, and comprises one floor and a basement, their dimensions being 20 X 75 feet. A very complete and extensive stock is carried, a specialty being made
of agricultural tools and the productions of the most sucA full line of
cessful manufacturers being represented.
cutlery, general hardware, etc., is also offered, and as
employment is given to two assistants callers are assured
prompt and courteous attention. Mr. Seavey is a native
of Rochester, N. II., and has a large circle of friends in
,
Dover and
vicinity.
�I.KADINO BUSINESS
20
MEN OF DOVER.
H. B. Dearborn, dealer
in
Pork,
Beef,
Mutton,
Vege-
Veal, Lamb, Lard,
Eggs
Goods, No.
Butter,
tables,
Canned
Fourth St
—
,
and.
3,
Dover, N. H.
not uncommon to
hear people say they don't
know where to get good
meats; they are willing topay a lair price for firstclass goods but find it very
dillicult to get such artiIt is
cles at
any
figure.
Now,
such a statement would
not excite much of anyif made by the
residents of some out-ofthe-way place or other,
but coming from the lipsof one residing in Dover,
it certainly calls for more
than passing mention, for
Dover is a prominent trade
center and it would be
strange if tiisi
were not obtainable here. Of
course they are to be had, however, and in any desired
quantities, too, and as sure a way of getting them as we
know of is to place the order with Mr. H. E. Dearborn,
doing business at No. 3, Fourth street, for this gentleman
makes a specialty of handling first quality fresh beef, pork,,
mutton, veal, lamb, lard, vegetables, butter, eggs, and
canned goods. A store and basement, each measuring 22 X
50 feet, are occupied and a large stock is carried at all seasons, there being ample storage facilities to accommodate
Employment is given to competent
a heavy assortment.
assistants, and despite the magnitude of the business customers are served with a promptness and care to be looked
The proprietor,
for in vain in many much smaller stores.
Mr. H. E. Dearborn, is a native of Milton, N. H. He
established his business in Dover in 1880, and has been
All orders are
located at his present address since 1889.
promptly filled and the lowest market prices quoted.
remark
J. H. Randlett, Carriage and Slcigli manufacturer, 'J'J:'.
Central Avenue, Dover, New Hampshire. The establishment conducted by Mr. J. H. Kandlett at No. 233 Central
avenue, is regarded by many as Ihe headquarters for carriages, sleighs, harnesses and horse goods in general, for
the proprietor has carried on business in Dover for very
nearly a quarter of a century, during which time he lias
built up a most enviable reputation for furnishing standard
He is a native of
articles at the very lowest market rates.
Lee, N. H., and has been identitied with his present enterprise since 1860.
Mr. Kandlett has served on the City
Council, and is one of the mos-t widely known of our local
manufacturers. He utilizes very commodious premises,
comprising three tloors measuring 100x60 feet. Employment is given to from fifteen to twenty assistants, and
order work can be turned out at very short notice; repairing of all kinds being assured immediate and skillful attention.
A varied assortment of carriages and sleighs is
always on hand to choose from, and the stock of single
and double harness, robes, whip», blankets, brushes, and
other horse furnishings is one of the most desirable and
complete to be found in the State. The productions of
reputable manufacturers only are handled, and every article bought at this representative establishment is fully
warranted to prove as represented.
—
.
:
Wiggin & Stevens, manufacturers of Flint, Sand, Emery
and Match Papers. Emery Cloth and Glue, New England
Ruby Paper, Dover, N. H. Such of our readers as are
mechanics by trade, or are engaged in any other occupation,
which familiarizes them with the standing of the various
flint, sand and emery papers on the maiket do not need to
be told that the productions of Messis. Wiggin & Stevens
—
O. McOlellan, Merchant Tailor, No. 30 Third Street,
Dover, N. H.
We hear sometimes of the competition
between custom tailors and dealers in ready-made clothing,
but as a matter of fact there is no such competition, or if
are equal to the best, for these goods have an unsurpassed
reputation and are largely used throughout the country.
confined to those tailors, who turn out garments but little if any superior to ready-made work.
Reallv first-class custom clothing is so far superior to that
bought ready-made, that there can be no comparison, and
the much greater durability of custom garments goes far
not
—
there
is, it
is
compensate for any difference in the first cost. Among
the merchant tailors, located in this section of the State,
prominent and favorable mention should be made of Mr.
C. McClellan, for this gentleman turns out work equal to
the best, and his prices will compare very favorably with
those quoted by others producing equally desirable garThis merchant tailoring
ments.
establishment was
founded in 1881 by T. McGuire, the present proprietor
assuming entire control in 1887. The premises occupied
are located at No. 30 Third street, and are equipped with
to
all
necessary
facilities to
enable operations to be carried
on to the best advantage. Ten comjjetent assistants are
employed, and a beautiful and varied assortment of
imported and domestic fabrics is constantly on hand to
select from.
A specialty is made of ladies' garments, and
suits or single garments for either gentlemen or ladies, will
be made up in a uniformly superior manner, orders being
filled promptl)' and entire satisfaction as regards fit, prices,
etc.,
being confidently guaranteed.
England flint paper and New England ruby paper
famous and popular brands, and their popularity is due
New
are
less to their uniformity than to their comparative excellence, for while paper of about any manufacture is occa-
sionally good, it is but rarely a brand can be found which
The
practically never varies from its established standard.
firm have works at Maiden (Edgeworth), Mass., besides
those in this city, and some idea of the magnitude of their
business may be gained from the fact that while their Dover
plant is devoted to the manufacture of glue exclusively,
and produces from fifty to sixty-five tons per year, the concern do not sell glue, but use all they make in the manufacture of flint, sand, emery and match papers, and emery cloth,
at their Jlalden factory. The Dover factory affords employment to from six to eight assistants, and is under the superintendence of Mr. E. Wentworth. This business was
in 1858 and has reached its present extensive
proportions by a steady process of legitimate development.
The present proprietors are the estate of the late Russel B.
Wiggin, and Messrs. William S. and Everett J. Stevens;
both these gentlemen being natives of New Hampshire.
Mr. William S. Stevens has held the position of mayor,
and neither partner needs introduction to our Dover
We need hardly add that a concern with facilities
readers.
such as we have pointed out is in a position to fill the largest orders without delay.
founded
�LEADIKO BUSINESS MEN OF DOVER.
Dr. O. W. Tasker, Dentist. No. 3 6
Central Avenue, Dover, N. 11.
A libendowment of conunon sense is
one of the most valuable legacies which
—
eral
»nj person can receive, for cuninion
is really one of the most uncomattributes of character, and the
t
1 lunate possessor of
a large fund of
It IS sure of "reasonable success in the
w 11 Id and to avoid serious evils simpU on account of his capacity to reason from cause to effect and tluis steer
ckai of the errors on which so many
lie wrecked.
For instance, one who
h IS a fair share of common sense
Is not apt to abuse his teeth or to allow
them to remain uncared for, until Ihey
are miured beyond repair, for he knows
essential to the
tliat good teeth are
mamtcnance of good health, insomuch
IS the province of the teeth is to prepare the food for the stomach, and it is
badly decayed
as absurd to expect
teeth to do proper work as it would be to expect broken
The average person
mill-stones to turn out perfect flour.
is restrained from having his teeth given proper attention
by one or more of three things carelessness, fear and a
The first is no exdesire to avoid the necessary expense.
-ense
mon
'
H. A. Worthen, AI iiiiifacuii'er of Light aud Heavy
R-ipairiug Neatly and Promptly
Carriages, and Sleiglis
Done. No9. 13, 10 aud 17 Locust" Street, roar City Hall,
Dover, N. H. The Dover Carriage Factory is the oldest
established factory of the kind in town, and is probably
at least as well kuown as any in this section of the State,
for its productions have always held a high rank in the
market and have gone e.xtensively into general use. The
enterprise was inaugurated forty years before the present
proprietor became identified with it, and this occurred a
-quarter of a century ago, he beginning operations in 18G5
Co., and
as a member of the firm of H. A. Worthen
assuming sole control about a score of years ago. Mr.
"Worthen manufactures light and heavy carriages aud
sleighs, and the commodious premises utilized by bim are
to enable opefitted up with all necessary machinery, etc
They are
rations to be carried on to the best advantage.
located at Nos. 13, 16 and 17 Locust street, rear of City
Hall, and comprise two good sized buildings, one two and
the other three stories in height. Employment is given to
from ei.ght to twelve assistants, and all orders are assured
immediate and painstaking attention, repaifing being
strongly, durably and neatly done at the shortest possible
notice.
Mr. Worthen is in a position to quote the lowest
market prices at all times, and customers may safely depend upon getting full value for every dollar tliey pay out,
"Whether for repairing or new work,
;
—
&
,
G. Howard Churbuck, Retail Grocer, 112 Washington
Street, Dover, N. H.
It would be very difBcult to find a
more popular grocery store than that carried on by Mr. G.
Howard Cliurbuck at No. 112 Wasliington street, and
—
those who argue tliat popularitj- is the result of " iro'id
luck " would do well to investigate the causes of the favor
in which this establishment is held, for "luck" has liad
little or nothing to do with it, it having been brought
about by hard, intelligent and persistent work, and a consistent policy of giving full value for all money received.
The firm of Faxon & Churbuck began operations in 1880,
and in 1883 the present proprietor assumed sole control.
He is a native of Centerville, Mass.. and has had long and
"varied experience in the grocery business, so that the close
personal supervision he gives to the details of his present
enterprise is a powerful factor in assuring its continued
success.
Euiployment is given to five assistants, and if
every caller does not receive prompt and courteous attention it is no fatdt of the management, for the rule is equal
—
service to all large or small, young or old, rich or poor,
business being conducted so far as is possible on the
"first come, first served" principle. An immense stock
of staple and fancy groceries is constantly carried, and
positively the lowest market rates are quoted on goods of
standard merit.
—
—
everyone should appreciate the importance
of having the teetli looked after; the second had some
weight in former da3'S, when instruments were crude and
methods wtre imperfect, but does not apply to day when
science has done so much to obviate the least necessity for
the infliction of pain, and the third is more than foolish,
for the healtli is the greatest of all wealth, and imperfect
For dental
teeth necessarily entail imperfect health.
operations we would refer our readers to Dr. C.W. Tasker.
located at No. ".GO Central avenue, who is conceded to be
as skillful and thorough a practitioner as the Stale can
show. Dr. Tasker is a native of liochester, N. II., and
began the practice of his profession here in 18C9. His
rooms are conveniently located and equipped with the
most improved instruments and other facilities for operating to the best advantage. The doctor is gentle as well as
thorough in his methods. He uses gas, ether and cocaine
for the extraction of teeth, and the most nervous or timid
may avail themselves of his services in tiie full assurance
that all unnecessary discomfort will be carefully avoided.
cuse at
for
all,
Excelsior Dining Rooms, A. E. Ashby, Proprietor,
No. ! Third Street, near B. & M. Depot, Dover, N, H.—
Probably each of our readers has his own ideas as to how
a dining-room should be carried on for "different people
have different tastes," especially where eating is concerned,
The most hat the proprietor of a public restaurant can do
" Excelis to suit the majority, and the popularit}' of the
sior Dining Kooins," No. 4 Third street, close by B. & M.
proprietor, Mr. A. E. Ashby,
depot, shows how well the
I
has succeeded in attaining this result. He is a native of
England, and has carried on his present establishment
since 1889, having at that date succeeded Mr. O. B. IreHis rooms have sufficient seating capacity to
land.
accommodate fifty patrons at one time, and as he employs
snflicient force of experienced and efficient assistants, he
a
The bill
is able to meet all the demands made \ipon him
of fare is varied, the food first class, the cooking all that
could be wished, aud the service prompt, intelligent and
courteous, so that it naturally follows that no similar
establishment in the city stands higher in the estimation of
Meals will be served at all hours, thus accomthe public
modating all classes of patrons. The prices are very reasonable, for Mr. Ashby feeds a great many people, and, of
cour-e, not only buys his provisions, etc., in large quantities, and therefore at low rales, but can get along with a
small profit on each patron.
A well conducled diningroom is a great public convenience, and we take pleasure
in unreservedly commending the Excelsior Dining Ftooms,
�LEADING BUSINESS MEN OF DOVER.
22
Wm. W. Hayes &
Elbridge A. Shorey, Dentists, No.
3 Bnicewell Biiililing, Dover, N H. The elegant rooms
of Drs. Wm. W. Hayes and Elbridge A. Shorey, No. 3
Bracewell Building, are fully equipped with the latest and
most approved appliances for operations of all descriptions
upon the teelh, and an extended and growing practice fully
attests to the skillful treatment and thorough manner in
which all operations are performed at their office. Dr.
Hayes is a native of Dover, and has practiced his profession since 1871.
Dr. Shorey is a native of Rochester, N.
H. studied with Dr. Hayes, and took the full course at
the dental department of Harvard Uuiversity, receiving
—
,
the degree of
D.M.D.
in the class of 1890.
W.
A. Morrill, dealer in Carpetings, Crockery, China
and Glass Ware, Feathers, Window Shades and Fi.xtures,
No. 74 Washington Street, Cocheco Block, Dover, N. H.
It is simply impossible to properly describe the stock
carried by Mr. W. A. Morrill, within the necessarily narrow limits of the present article, for that gentleman occupies two floors and a basement each 33 X 46 feet in dimensions in addition to a spacious storehouse, and deals in an
—
immense variety of goods, including carpeting, crockery,
china, and glass ware.
The premises occupied are located
at No. 74 VVashington street, Coclieco block, and are easy
and convenient to reach, but even if they were not we
•would still advise such of our readers as want anything in
Mr. Morrill's line to give him a call, for he quotes positively bottom prices and makes it an invariable rule to repres^ent things precisely as they are.
He is a native of
Salisbury. Mass., and is ver}' widely known throughout
Dover, having been connected with his present business
since 1859, the business being founded at that date under
the style of Morrill Brothers, Mr. W. A. Morrill assuming
full control of affairs in 1872.
Mr. Morrill sells his goods
at extremely low prices, and certainly it would be difficult
if not impo.ssible to parallel elsewhere the inducements he
offers,
a fact whicli is generally understood and appreciated by the residents of this city.
prominent department of the business is that devoted to the handling of
feathers, window shades, and fixtures, etc.
Those looking
for genuine l)argains in these lines may profitably give Mr.
Morrill a call.
Competent assistants are employed, and
the assortment of goods offered is always large, varied and
in short generally desirable.
—
A
&
Nute
Wolcott, dealers in Groceries and Grain, 0.55
Central Avenue, Dover, N. H.
Sixteen years is either a
long or a short time, according to the point of view from
whicli it is regarded, but it is certainly a very short time
in which to build up such a business as that now carried
on by Messrs. Nule & Wolcott, and this firm may well
congratulate themselves on the exceptional degree of success which they have attained.
Still this gratifying success was not the result of luck or chance but was brought
about by hard work, persistent enterprise, and by an intelligent determination to so serve the public that a heavy
patronage would result as a matter of course. Business
was begun in 1874 by the firm of D. A. Nute & Co., and
80 continued until 1883, when the firm name was changed
to Nute & Foss the present firm of Nule & Wolcott being
formed in 1883. These gentlemen are both well known
throughout Dover and vicinity. 5Ir. Nute has held the
office of councilman, and is a native of Wolfboro, N. H.,
while Mr. C. L. Wolcott is a Massachusetts man by birth.
The premises occupied are located at No. 555 Central avenue, and comprise one floor 30 X 75 feet in dimensions,
where is carried an extensive stock of groceries, grain,
etc.
also a basement, which is used as a meat market.
Considering their extensive facilities it becomes almost
unnecessary to add that Messrs. Nute & Wolcott are prepared to supply these commodities in quantities to suit at
the very lowest market rates.
These gentlemen give personal attention to the filling of orders, and as they employ
only competent assistants it will be seen that customers
are assured prompt and polite attention and that the
heaviest orders can be filled without delay.
;
—
John Baty,
dealer in Stoves and Furnaces Plumbings
Street, Dover, N. H.
Many a hot air furnace and;
a steam-heating apparatus have been condemned,
wlien the fault lay in the way in which the plant was set
up and not in the furnace or apparatus itself, and therefore
when placing orders for stoves or furnaces of any kind, be sure
that the setting-up receives skillful and painstaking attention.
No little experience and skill are required in order
to put in heating apparatus so that it will yield the best,
possible results for the conditions vary so greatly that what
is advisable in one house would be height of folly in
another, and consequently the onl}' sure way of having the
work done to the best possible advantage is to entrust it
to such a man as Mr. John Baty, for this gentleman gives
special attention to furnace work, plumbing, iron piping
and general jolibing. He deals extensively in stoves, furn:
—
Locust
many
aces, etc., and is prepared to guarantee satisfaction to every
Operations were begun in Dover by Mr. Baty
in 1878.
He has had thirty years experience at his business
as a plumber, etc., and it is safe to say that no one in
Dover, is better prepared to meet the wants of the public
in the above lines of business.
The premises occupied
are about 1000 square feet in dimensions and are located
on Locust street,
heavy and valuable stock is carried,
plumbing work of all kinds is done in the most satisfactory
manner, while the lowest market rates are quoted in every
department of the business. Employment is given to six
customer.
A
experienced and careful workmen, and general jobbing
will be done in first-class style, at short notice.
Edward W. TaflF, Clothing, Hats, Caps and Furnishing
Goods, 479 Central Avenue, under American House,,
Dover, N. H. The undertaking carried on by Mr Edward
W. Taff, was founded in 1887, by Mr. Dan'lM. Hill, who
was succeeded by Jlr. Frank Roberts in 1888, and one year
—
assumed entire management of
the businesss.
The premises have an area of 1250 square
feet and are located at No. 479 Central avenue.
A very
carefully selected stock is carried, comprising fine readymade clothing, fashionable hats, caps, gentlemen's furnishing goods, etc. The clothing sold at the store has a
well-deserved reputation for uniform superiority, and Ihia
reputation is due not only to the excellence of the materials
used, the shapeliness of the garments and the perfection,
with which they fit, but also to the honest workmanship,
shown in every detail of their making, for this causes
them to be as durable as tliey are liandsome. A common
objection to readj'-made gainicnts is their liability to
become nii.sshapen after a little wear, but this does not
apply to those furnished. by Mr. Taff, for they are .so skillfully and carefully made, that they will hold their shape
equal to first- class custom work. Low prices are quoted,
not only on clothing but also on all the goods handled, and
should any of our readers wish a complete " outfit " at a
very reasonable expense, we can give them no better counsel than to |visit the popular establishment referred to.
Efficient assistants are employed, and immediate andi
polite attention is assured to all.
later the present proprietor
W.P.Page, dealer in fine Boots, Shoes and Rubbers
Sole Agent for the J. F. Bliss' Ladies Fine Goods, No. 487
Central Avenue, Dover, N. H.
To obtain a slioe that
combines comfort, style and durability with cheapness such is the aim of about every bu3'er, and any
information that will serve to make the attainment of this,
object easier and surer cannot fail to be of general interest.
It is evident that to suit a variety of customers a
variety of goods must be carried, aud one of the primfr
reasons for the high esteem in which the establishment
carried on by Mr. W. P. Page, at No. 487 Central avenue,
is held, is the fact that the assortment shown contains artiThe inception of this enterprise
cles suited to all tastes.
occurred many years ago, and after two or three changes
in its management came into the possession of the present
proprietor in 1887.
Mr. Page is a native of Dover, and i&
very well known throughout the vicinity. He is indef&;
—
—
�23
LEADING BUSINESS MEN OF DOVER.
tigable in his efforts to not only maintain but to add to tlie
He
hiirh reputation so long enjoyed by his establishment.
is sole agent for J. F.'^Bliss' ladies' tine goods, and also
maUes a^specialty of the Day sewed flexible shoe, which is
as easy as hand sewed, being entirely free from wax thread
and tacks. He keeps a close watch on the market, ready
at all times to take advantage of any opportunity to offer
store measuring
his patrons exceptional advantages.
30x40 feet is occupied, and two competent and polite
So complete an assortment of
assistants are employed.
sizes and widths is kept in stock that the most difficult feet
can almost invariably be fitted perfectly, and not an article
leaves the store tlial'is not fully warranted to prove just as
A
represented in every respect.
John T. Hill, Furnaces. Ranges and Heating Stoves,
Glass and Wooden Ware, Steam Washers, Clothes Wringers, Sheet Lead and Lead Pipe, Soil Pipe, Gas and Water
Pipe, 19 Third Street, Dover, N. H.— The premises occupied by Jlr. John T. Hill, comprise one floor and basement each 20x50 feet in dimensions, and it is safe to say
that were thev double that size the proprietor could profitably use them, for Mr. Hill carries a very heavy and varied
stock and does a business which although already large is
constantly increasing. Jlr. Hill is a native of Northwood,
N. H.. and is widely known in Dover and vicinity, in social
Employment is given to six
as well as business' circles.
competent assistants, and in addition to dealing in glass
and wooden ware, steam washers, clothes wringers, sheet
lead and lead pipe, soil pipe, gas and water pipe, furnaces,
ranges, heating, oil and.gasoline stoves, etc., do an extensive business in plumbing, tin roofing, tin. lead, copper,
zinc and sheet iron work, also all kinds of stove repairs,
and wood and copper pumps made to order, all work
being promptly executed, while moderate charges are
every instance. The stock carried is exceptionally varied and complete, the prices quoted comparing
favorably with those named at any establishment dealing in
Cooking and heating stoves are
the same line of goods.
offered at very low prices, and those in need of an article
of this kind, would do well to procure it of a man who
guarantees his goods to prove as represented and has an
enviable reputation for faithfully carrying out every
agreement.
made
in
;
affords.
We
treatment
an order.
when we have occasion to visit
Now when we say that all
attention and civil
a store and give
these desirable
things are to be secured by dealing with M. it T. Chicoine
needed, for the
Co.. we think no further explanation is
popularity of this store. The business was started in 1888
t. Chicoine at No. 69 Main street. They moved
by M.
their store to their present location, corner of Main and
T.
Portland streets in 1889. The present firm of M.
Co. was formed in 1890. These gentlemen are
Chicoine
sugar, pork, lard, bams, beans, molasses,
dealers in flour,
They also make a specialty of
teas, coffees and spices.
The assortment of the goods
fresh meat and provisions.
is excellent and the prices named for them is as low as the
Messrs. M. and T. Chicoine are
will permit.
market
Mr. Frank Blair is a native of Dover.
natives of Canada.
—
is also a matter of common
nothing contradictory in this state
of affairs, for demand and .supply follow the same laws in
professional as in mercantile life, and it is as natural to
find many dentists in a country where their services are in
great request, as it is to find the most lawyers in lands
where labor affecting persons and property are most perOur American temperature has much to
fectly executed.
do with the poorness of our teeth as a nation, but there
has certainly been a marked improvement since more
attention has been paid to the care of these useful mem-
tists are
the best in the world
knowledge.
There
is
bers.
Decay of the teeth is invariably progressive, and
no one, once noticing symptoms of such decay should hes-
moment to place himself under the care of a thoroughly competent dentist. There are many in this vicinity, and one of the most popular of these is Dr. Fred H.
Hayes, for this gentleman is not only an experienced and
skilled operator, but is noted for the gentleness and consideration with which he discharges his responsible duties.
This faculty cannot be acquired, in our opinion, its exercise can be made much more easy by education and practice.
To combine thoroughness with gentleness should be
the aim of every dental practitioner.
We take pleasure in
itate a
noting the success Dr. Hayes has gained in this respect.
He is a native of Dover, and a graduate of the Boston
Dental College. He is well known in this locality, having been established here since 1883. Those needing the
services of a good dentist can do no better than to consult
with him at his office, No. 372 Central avenue.
all like to
receive
prompt
&
&
&
&
B. Frank Nealley, Dry (ioods, Bracewell Building,
Central Avenue, Dover, N. H.— There is but little use of
our saying that the enterprise conducted by Mr. B. Frank
Nealley is a most popular one of its kind in this section of
Dover, for the facts are very generally known, and there
are few if any people who are at all acquainted in this section, but what have remarked the popularity gained by its
The enterprise in question was established in
proprietor.
1865, therefore its popularity has long been established.
Mr. B. Frank Nealley is a native ot Seuth Berwick, Me.,
ami is personally too well known in this city to render it
necessary to make extended personal mention, suffice it to
say that at present he is mayor of Dover, and has been
The premises occupied comrepresentative and senator.
prise one floor and a basement each 20 X 65 feet in dimensions, an extensive retail business is carried on. employment
A
comprehenefficient and polite assistants.
skillfully selected assortment of dry goods is discourteous attention is
Careful and
played at this store.
extended to every caller, and as the store is conveniently
located in Bracewell Building, Central avenue, the public
will find it advantageous to inspect the stock before pur-
being given to
sive
Fred H. Hayes, D.D.S., 372 Central Avenue, Dover,
N. H. Americans have been so frequently informed that
they have the worst teeth in the world, that the fact should
be pretty generally understood, and that American den-
&
&
M. T. Chicoine Co., dealers in Flour, Sugars, Pork,
Lard, Hams. Beans, Molasses, Teas, Coffees and Spices
also Fresh Meat and Provisions a Specialty, corner Main
and Portland Streets, Dover, N. H.— This establishment
has proved very successful and popular and but a comparatively small amount of investigation is required to ascerEverybody likes to be
tain the cause of this popularity.
sure of getting the worth of their money when they make
purchases, and to know that the groceries and provisions
they are consuming are as pure and fresh as the market
and
chasing elsewhere. The prices are very low, the proprietor enjoying the most favorable relations with wholesalers
and producers, and fixing his rates accordingly.
O. T. Henderson, retail dealer in Corn, Flour, Meal,
Seeds, and Choice Family Groceries, Henderson's
Block, corner JIain and Chapel Streets, Dover, N. H
Among the oldest established enterprises of the kind in
this section of the State, is that conducted by >Ir. C. T.
Henderson, for its inception occured nearly half a century
ago, operations having been begun about 1848 by S. H.
Henderson & Son, this firm giving place to H. M. Henderson in 1858, the business finally coming into the possession
of the present proprietor, Mr. C. T. Henderson, in 1870.
Mr. Henderson has recently remodeled and refitted his
Salt,
—
He is a native
is one of the finest in the city.
and is widely and favorably known throughout
the city. He occupies premises at the corner of Main and
Chapel streets, Henderson's Block, comprising a s-tore
22 X 75 feet in dimensions and a basement 40 X 22 feet.
The stock handled includes corn, flour, meal, salt, seeds,
and choice family groceries of all kinds. Every facility is
at hand for the proper accommodation of the various commodities dealt in, and the arrangements for the prompt
delivery of orders and economical handling of the stock
A large retail business is
are complete and well devised.
done, and customers may depend upon having their comfaithfully executed, while the lowmissions promptly and
est market rates are quoted in every department.
store so it
of Dover,
�LEADING BUSINESS
24
V.
H.
McDaniel, Notary Public.
Auctioneer
and
dealer iu Heal Estate, 337 Central Avenue,
Surprise is frequently expressed because
certain men are able to transact sucli a great amount of
business and successfull)' carry on many enterprises varied
and distinct in character, but in the large majority of such
instances the explanation is to be found in the answer
given by a man of this type to one who inquired how he
could accomplish so much.
"Simply by making use of
the best obtainable facilities," was the reply. Many of us
take strangely roundabout methods of doing a thing, and
a prominent example is to be found in the practice of
inquiring of friends and making a personal tour when
searching for desirable real estate to buy or rent. This of
course is all very well so far as it goes, but as long as there
are well-equipped real estate agencies it is foolish to dispense with (heir ai J, for time and money may be saved by
patronizing them. There for instance is the office of 5Ir.
Ap()raisei',
Dover, K.
II
—
V. H. McDaniel at No. 327 Central avenue.
Mr.
McDaniel is a native of Strafford, N. H., and has carried
on business iu this city for about sixteen years. He is a
notary public, auctioneer, appraiser, and dealer in real
estate and enjoys a very high reputation for intelligence
and integrity.
Commissions will be executed at very
short notice in the most skillful and painstaking mauner,
and miiderale charges are the rule in every instance. Jlr.
McDaniel always has some very desirable city and
suburban propert}' on his books, and is in a position to
render valuable assistance to those wishing to buj', sell,
exchange, or rent real estate. In addition to the above
business Mr. McDaniel manages the sale of the American
Rubber Paint for metal, shingle and marine uses. It is
warranted not to crack, cleave or peel. It is a sure protection against fire, water and lightning.
It has become
generally known and meets with a rapidly increasing sale
throughout the
New
England and Middle
States.
Charles A. Tufts, Apothecary, Central Square, Dover,
N. H. If ever}- apothecary were also a physician, the
convenience of the public would undoubtedly be much
better served, but as such is not the case, the best thing to
do is to take advantage of the opportunities offered by
those who do combine these important points. Among
—
these we take pleasure in calling particular attention to
Dr. Chas. A. Tufts, whose store is located at 85 Washington street. Central square, Dover, N. H.
Dr. Tufts is a
graduate of the Massachusetts College of Pharmacy, as
well as the medical department of Dartmouth College, and
has been proprietor of this establishment since 1S47, at
which time he succeeded Mr. Asa A. Tufts, who started
this business in 1813.
This being one of the oldest apothecary stores in the county. The premises occupied comprise a store 18 X 60 feet in dimensions and a storehouse.
Two reliable and well informed clerks are employed, and
the large stock of drugs, medicines, chemicals, toilet and
fancy articles, etc
is carefully selected from tlie most
reliable sources, and always kept complete in every
department.
Prescriptions are compounded at short
notice, and the charges made are always as low as is consistent with the use of ingredients oif the best quality.
Customers are assured courteous treatment and prompt
attention.
Dr. Chas. A. Tufts, who is a native of this
,
very widely known in this vicinity, and has been
councilman, alderman, town clerk, associate judge of
police court and senator.
city
is
M. P. Bennett, Junk Dealer, No. 19 New York Street,
Dover. N. H. It seems a somewhat curious thing that iu
—
where there are facilities at hand for
the manufacturing of everything required in modern life,
in any quantity that may be called for, there is actually
much less waste than there is in lands where ordinary
commodities are much harder to obtain, what is known in
this country as a " junk store." does not exist in barbarous
regions, for the simple reason that there are no means at
hand to work the "junk" over again and thus greatly
increase its commercial value.
It is very convenient for
the average householder to have a man come and carry
off the accumulation of old rags, iron, etc., that gather
civilized countries,
MEN OF LOVER.
so quickly in the ordinary home, and indeed, such a
visit proves both convenient and profitable, for the junk
dealer stands ready to pay a fair price for the articles that
are of use to him, and thus not only carries away your
rubbish, but pays you for the privilege.
Mr. M. P. Bennett, doing business at No. 19 New^York street, Dover,
has become well known as one who pays the highest cash
prices and manages his business with liberality as well as
skill
lie deals in old iron, rags, and all kinds of old
junk, and also runs a tin cart. He is enterprising and liberal in all his business transactions, and is very generally
known and esteemed throughout Dover and
G. P. Butterfield, Agent
vicinity.
National Life Insurance
Co. Office 9, National Block. 4.50 Central Avenue, Dover,
N. _H.— The National Life Insurance Company of Jlontpelier, Vt., was incorporated in 1848 and is as successful
an example of a purely mutual company as the country
can show. The word " mutual " is used very loosely in its
relations to insurance organizations and has come to mean
almost anything, or rather almost nothing but as an illustration of what " mutual " insurance actually should be,
we would refer our readers to the insurance afforded by
the instalment bonds of the National Life Insurance
Company— characterized by Elizur Wright as " The
grandest step in fair dealing within the "history of life
insurance." The claim of the company that these bonds
are in many respects better than a savings bank or a government bond, is fully justified by the facts, for not only
do they make the saving of money easy and sure, but from
the time the first payment is made they ensure that your
dependents will b>; provided for in case of your death" the
full face value of the bond being then payable at once.
The iu-talmcnts are far below the premium charged for
ordinary endowment policies, having twenty years to run,
and the actual co.^t of insurance is definitely known and is
reduced to a minimum.
We have not the available space
to make the principle and the practical workings of these
bonds f-nlirelj' clear, but we trust we have sufficiently
interested our readers to induce them to call on Mr.
George P. Butterfield, at office 9, National Block, No. 450
Central avenue, for he is agent of the company for this
section of the State and is ready, able and willing to give
clear and exhaustive information concerning the methods
and resources of this representative corporation. Mr. Butterfield is a native of Great Falls, and has a large circle of
friends throughout this vicinity.
He has represented the
company here since 1889 and is greatly developing its
business in this section.
for
;
;
E. S. Tash & Co., Choice Family Groceries, Shoe Tools
and Findings, 499 Central Avenue, Dover, N. II.— The
establishment now conducted by E. S. Tash A Co., may
truthfully be said to be one of the old business houses of
Dover, having been founded in 1850. Tlie firm of A. S.
Tash
Co., assuming control in 1854.
In 1865 the style
was changed to G. W. Tash
Co., the present firm being
formed in 1887. the individual members of which are Mr.
Edwin S. Tash. and. Mr. George W. Gray, both of tliem
are natives of New Durham, N. H., and are very widely
&
&
and favorabl}- known throughout Dover and vicinity. Mr.
Tash served in the army during the late Southern war,
was messenger to the governor's coimcil during the legislature of 1887, and has held the office of both councilman
and alderman, while iMr. Gray has been overseer of the
poor for five years. The premises occupied are located at
No. 499 Central avenue, and comprise one floor and base-
An immense
ment, each 20 X 75 feet in dimensions.
stock is carried, made up of teas, coffees, spices, extracts,
choice famil}' groceries, canned goods, flour, grain, proThe
duce, etc together with shoe tools, and findings.
firm do an extensive retail business and emploj' thoroughly
competent assistants. As for their methods these should
certainly be well understood in this vicinity by this time
and hardly call for description in these columns. Suffice
it to stiy that tlie governing principles of the enterprise is
the returning of full value for monej' received, and so ably
is this carried out that an honestly dissatisfied customer is
a great rarity at this popular store.
.
�LEADING BUSINESS MEN OF DOVER.
Savings Baak for the County of Strafford, Washiugtou
Sliow iii.^ a c muiry without savStreet, D.iv.r. N. 11
ings banks or their equivalent, and 1 will show you a
people without ambition or resources," says a noted
writer on economic subjects, and certainly all must allow
that where savings banks most abound, prosperity, good
citizenship, comfortable homes and educational privileges
abound also. We hear a great deal of talk nowadays
about the "capitalist" and the " wage-earner," and many
speak as though their interests were directly opposed and
—
'
they could have nothing in common with each other, but
It must be borne in mind that the majority of intelligent
•wage-earners are capitalists themselves in a small way, it
—
is true,
but
enough so to bring il home to them that
wage earners have rights, and that
one class works injury to all. Therefore the
still
capitalists as well as
injustice to
educitional inlluences of savings banks cannot properly be
left out of the reckoning in summing up their usefulness,
and no person will deny that during the nearly seventy
years that the savings bank for the county of Strafford has
been in successful operation it has made its depositors
This worthy institution was
wiser as well as richer.
incorporated in 1823, and for many years has ranked high
among the representative savings banks of New E igland.
late statement showed deposits of .fS, 800, 000 with surbut
plus and premiums of over half a million dollars
what still more fully justifies the implicit confidence
reposed in the enterprise is the standing of the men identified with it, for figures are not always conclusive, but
the characters of a numoer of prominent men in a community are fully and generally understood, and assure the
stability of any undertaking upon whose successful conThe president is Mr.
tinuance they are dependent.
Oharles H. Sawyer, the vice-presidents are Messrs. Elisha
R. Brown and Samuel (J. Fisher, and the board of trusCharles H. Sawyer, Elisha
tees is constituted as follows
R. Brown, Samuel C. Fisher, William S. Stevens, .lohn
John Holland, B. P. Nealley, Daniel Hall,
H. Ilurd,
The secretary and treasurer is Mr.
Robert G. Pike.
Albert O. JIather, and the executive ofilcer is Mr. E, R.
Brown. The banking rooms are located in the Strafford
Bank Building, Washington street, and are so commodious and so conveniently arranged as to allow business to
be speedily and accurately transacted, all unnecessary
delay being absolutely avoided, and the convenience of
depositors thereby greatly served.
A
;
:
Rooney & Burnham, Contractors and Builders, Cabinet
Work. Washington Street, Dover, N. H. It is unquestionably a f.acl that many peo|)le are deterred from build-
—
ing houses for themselves, by the stories current regarding
the difficulty of knowing beforehand just what a given
structure is going to cost, for there is hardly one of us but
what has had stories related to him tliat are enough to discourage any man of humble means from building at all.
But the question comes up, is there any need of this
uncertainty V In our oviinion there is not. Builders are
governed by the same rules that control those carrying on
other branches of industry, and there is no reason why
they should not as a class, adhere as closely to their agreements, as other business men do. Of course, if when
your house is half finished you want one part of it made to
look like the one across the way, or another part changed
to correspond with some ideas you have got since accepting
the original plans, you must expect to have to pay for such
alterations, and it is really right here that most of the
trouble comes. Place your orders with reputable builders,
as for instance Uooney & Burnham of Washington street,
and you need have no fear but what they will do their part
They employ a sufficient force of
if you will do yours.
workmen to enable them to fill orders either for building
Mr. II. P. Uooney has been
or repairing at short notice.
engaged in this business since 1884. The present firm of
Rooney & Burnham was formed in 1800 Their terms are
very reasonable, and their reputation for durable work is
-unsurpassed. Tiiey have fulfilled many commissions to
the satisfaction of all concerned. They attend to orders
ior cabinet work, as well as for contracting and building.
25
National Bank, Dover, N. II,— The Strafford
National Bank may be said to have had its inception some
eighty-seven vears ago, for it was organ iz -d as a Slate
bank in 1803, having reorganized under the national
banking laws in 1805, with a capital of $120,000 wliich
The record it
has since been increased to |200,000.
has made is a most honorable and creditable one. for
' brilliant" financiering has been carefully avoided, while
on the other hand, undue conservatism has also l)een left
uupracliced. It is often a delicate matter to properly discriminate between " old fogyism " ami recklessness, for the
principles of one age may not apply to another, and il is
notorious that since the close of the war values have been
but
revolutionized and business mothods totally changed
the Strafford National Bmk has always been managed by
business life and hence
men who were actively engaged in
were in a position to know at the earliest possible moment
We need not say
of impending changes of conditions.
that this bank has greatly aided in the development of
Dover's interests, for were the contrary the fact it could
never have attained its pre.sent popularity or have posBut it
sessed the influence it now unquestionably wields.
by no means rests its claims to patronage on past services
on the contrary, no bank in this section receives the
accounts of firms, corporations, instituti(ms and individuals on more favorable terms, or offers a more efficient
service in connection with the collection of drafts, the
purchase and sale of standard securities, the reception of
deposits and the discounting of approved commercial
paper.
Finely appointed rooms are utilized, located in
StraflFord
;
—
Building, Washington street, and the
enable business to be promptly transthose identified with this bank are some of
Dover's leading manufacturers and merchants, the president being Mr. William S. Stevens, the cashier Mr. E.
R. Brown, and the assistant cashier Mr. C. S. Cartland.
The board of directors is constituted of Messrs. Wm. S.
Stevens, John McDuffee, Jeremiah Smith, E. R. Brown,
C. n. Sawyer, S. C. Fisher, Geo. S. Frost.
the Strafford
Bank
facilities avai,lable
Among
acted.
Foot
&
Snell, dealers in Foreign
and Domestic Hard-
Mowing Machines, and
all kinds of Agricultural
Implements, etc., ."ilO Central Av., Dover. —It is difficult to
get an idea of the magnitude and the character of the
business carried on by Messrs. Foot tt Snell, without a
personal visit to the premises occupied by them, for the
simple statement that they deal in hardware and carry a
very heav3' and varied stock although true enough as far
as it goes still utterlj' fails to convey an adequate concepIts
tion of the importance of the enterprise in question.
inception occurred about forty five ytars ago, Mr. H. A.
Foot, being the oriffinal founder. In 1866 be was succeeded by Jlr. G. E. Foot, who conducted it alone for
three years, and in 18C9, associated himself with Mr. T.
II. Snell, under the preseut firm uame of Foot & Snell.
Under their fostering care the ancient reputation, of the
enterprise has been more than maintained, for it is now
conceded that no establishment in Dover offers greater
inducements to purchasers of hardware in general. The
premises occupied are located at No. .510 Central avenue,
and comprise two floors, each 20 X 60 feet in dimensions,
Such ample
in addition to a storehouse 90 feet long.
accommodations argue a very extensive stock, and such is
complete in every
indeed carried, it being exceptionally
department, including as it does, foreign and domestic
hardware, mowing machines, and all kinds of agriculliiral
implements. Very low prices are quoted, and sufficient
assistance is employed to ensure prompt and accurate
Messrs. G E. Foot and T. H.
attention to every order.
Snell are both natives of Dover, and very well known
throughout the social, as well as business circles of this
Mr. Foot was in the army four years, during our
city.
late Southern war, and has also been connected with the
ware,
—
—
government as alderman and councilman. Mr. Snell
has also held the the office of alderman. These gentlemen have had a long and varied experience in their present line of business, and are thoroughly familiar with it in
every detail.
city
�LEADING BUSINESS MEN OF DOVER.
26
guaranteed to give satisfaction to the most fastidious.
Callers are assured prompt and courteous attention and all
orders are tilled accurately and when promised, and no onewho calls at this highly popular establishment will hav&
reason to regret having done so.
Valentine Mathes, wholesale and retail dealer in Coal,.
Grain, Hay, Lathes, Shingles and Superphosphate,
Street, Dover, N. H.— The enterprise conducted
by Mr. Valentine Mathes is of the very first importance tothe residents of Dover and vicinity, for Mr. Jlathes dealsin a variety of standard commodities, and quotes such low
prices that a good deal of money can be saved by placingorders with him. He solicits a trial order from those
wisldng anything in his line, and feels confident that in
many cases he can enable customers to save ten per cent.,,
from the amount they formerly expended for coal, grain,
etc.
Mr. Jlathes was born in Durham, N. H and hascarried on his present business since 18T9.
The premisesutilized are located on Folsom street, and comprise a grain
elevator, coal and wood sheds, etc., a very heavy stock of
coal, wood, grain, hay. lathes, shingles, superphosphate,
etc., being constantly carried, enabling the most extensivewholesale or retail orders to be filled without delay.
Employment is given to fifteen assistants, and all goods-
Wood,
Folsom
lt;,1
'A
'll-y
<*
.,
,
Charles E. Bacon, ilealer in Diamoncis, Watches,
Clocks, Jewelry unci Silverware, Spectacles a Specialty.
Watches, .lewelry and Clocks Repaired.
Engraving
neatly executed.
No. 388 Central Avenue, Dover, N. H.
This establishment occupies ii prominent position among
the oldest, most complete, and most attractive establishments of the kind in Dover, and contains a reliable stock
of goods, embracing a tine variety of diamonds, watches,
clocks, jewelery and silverware. "Mr. Bacon also carries a
largejiue of artistic brass goods that are elegant in style
and l]nish. (Piano ]am|)s are very attractive and useful,
and make a very suitable wedding present) and hundreds
of things which our limited space'will not admit of mention.
The store is located at No. 388 Central avenue, and
is of the dimensions of 20 X 40 feet.
Altogether this store
is one of the most attractive in town, and "has been under
the able management of Mr. Charles E. Bacon since 1857,
he conducts his business on a high plane of honor with
fair representation of all goods, and one price, that the
very lowest. Mr. Bacon is a native of Biddeford, Maine,
and has conducted his business in Dover from the start in
a highly satisfactory manner, both to himself and his
patrons.
Two competent and reliable assistants are
employed and an extensive retail business is done. !Mr.
Bacon is sole agent for the Diamond spectacles, and gives
special attention to watch, clock and jewelry repairing
also enffraving is neatly executed, and the most intricate
jolis will be satisfactorily performed in a thoroughly work-
—
;
manlike manner at exceedingly moderate prices.
No
misrepresentations are permitted" at this store, and callers
may feel assured that all articles bought here will prove
just as represented.
A.
Eilloren, Groceries. Cigars and Confectionery,
314 Central Ave., Dover, N. H.— Tlie store occupied by
the Killoren Bro's is one of the most popular in the town,
the stock is complete in every department, and is made up
of carefully selected goods, which may be confidently
relied upon to be precisely as represented, Messrs. Andrew
and .John Killoren have carried on their present enterprise
for over ten years, both gentlemen are well known in
political as well as business circles.
The premises utilized
at 314 Central ave.. cover an area of over 800 feet and
are very conveniently fitted up, enabling the firm to display their goods to excellent advantage, and with the aid
of three assistants to handle their business without «onfusion or delay.
Fine groceries, teas, coffees, flour, etc.,
ciffars of all the best brands, and pure confectionery are
offered at the very lowest market rates, and all goods are
A. J.
are delivered in the compact part of the city tree.
Ordersby mail or telephone are assured immediate and careful
attention, and a team will call regularly to take orders if
desired.
Mr. Mathes makes it a rule" to deliver goods
promptly at the time promised, and no small share of thepopularity of his establishment can be traced to this practice.
Walton B. Sha-w, dealer in Boots, Shoes and Rubbera
of all kinds. 101 Washington Street, Dover, N. H.— Considering the important influence that is exerted by what i»
worn on the teet not only on one's personal appearance,
but also on one's health as well. it is not surprising that
many people should find it harder to select a durable pair
of shoes than any other article of dress, therefore, in order
to obtain reliable and satisfactory foot covering dependence must be placed in the dealer, and when we say Mr.
Walton R. Shaw guards the interests of his customers asthongh they were his own, we only voice the opinion of
many of those familiar with his business methods. Thisestablishment was originally founded by Mr. O. C. Ingraham, who conducted the business for over fifteen years.
Since 1889 it liae been under the sole control of Mr. Walton Shaw who is a native of Holbrook, Mass. The premises occupied at No. 101 Washington street are 'iO x OO
feet in dimensions, and boots and shoes of all kinds are
handled, and the stock carried is sufficiently comprehensive to include all sizes, shapes, kinds and conditions of
foot-wear.
The proprietor of this store warrants every
article leaving this establishment to prove as represented.
—
G.
N.
W. Home & Co.,
— Among the
H.
—
Brick
Dover,
manufacturing
Manufacturers,
representative
which have made Dover -what it now
would never do to omit mention of that carried on
enterprises
is. it
under the firm-name of G. W. Home & Co., for this was
inaugurated many years ago and has attained a reputationwhich is by no means confined to this section. Mr. Home
is dead, and the business is now owned by his daughter, it
being carried on under the direct management of Mr.
Wingate Bunker, who is well and favorably known in
manufacturing and general business circles, and who ia
very successful in maintaining the high reputation so long^
Home
associated with this undertaking.
Messrs. G. W.
Co., utilize s-pacious premises and are very extensively engaged in
the manufacture of
brick.
The
sheds used for storage purposes cover a very wideexpanse of gronnd, and as a general thing a heavy stock
of finished brick is carried.
The average annual production is abont 2,000,000, and the largest orders can be
filled at short notice and the lowest market rales.
Thebricks are remarkalily uniform in quality, and are highly
spoken of by all who" have made use of them.
&
�LEADING BUSINESS MEN OF DOVER.
2T
P. Gorman, dealer in Groceries, Fruits and Vegetables,
Choice Butter, Cheese and Eggs, 11 Locust St., Dover, N.
H. It is becoming generally understood that the food we
eat has more to do with our bodily health than any other
one thing. Disorders and even diseases that were once
treated with powerful drugs and medicines, are now corrected and almost entirely cured by careful attention toIt is also conceded that the man who most perfectly
diet.
suits his food to his temperament ami his occupation, will,,
Therefore
other things being e(iual, enjoy the best health.
it is of the highest importance to know where reliable food
products may be best obtained. We are happy to be able
to call the "attention of our readers to so deserving and
well-managed an establishment as that carried on by Mr.
He commenced opeP. Gorman, at No. 11 Locust street.
rations here in 1881, and has already built up a largeconstantly on hand
An extensive stock is
retail trade.
—
George & Langmaid, Granite Cutters, and dealers in
Monuments. Tablets and Cemetery Enclosures, Kiver St.,
Dover, N. H. It is undoubtedly a fact that tirst-class stone
—
is not to be had at second or third class rates, but it
should be remembered that all first-class rates are by no
means identical, and that there is really no need of payin.s;
fancy figures in order to get work equal to the best. A
work
practical
illustration
of
the truth of
these
quality.
assertions
by visiting the establishment conducted by IMesars. George & Langmaid, at No. 31
for this firm do stone cutting in genRiver street,
making a specialty of granite monuments and
eral
cemetery work, and quoting uniformly moderate prices
on work that will bear the most critical inspection. This
business was at one time carried on by Mr. Ira A. Butterfield, who was succeeded in 1883 by Jlr. Stephen W.
George and Levi Elder, and iu 18S6 Mr. George assumed
entire control of the business and continued until 1889,
when !Mr. Linville F. Langmaid was admitted to partnerMr. George is a native of Vermont and Mr. Langship.
maid of New Ilampshire, both partners being skillful
stonecutters who have had long and varied experience. A
great variety of designs is offered to choose from, and estimates will cheerfully be made on application, all orders,
large or small, being assured prompt and painstaking attenMessrs. George & Langmaid have recently opened a
tion.
granite quarry in Nottingham, which is located ten miles
from Dover. This granite is the best this side of Concord.
It is light in color, and very nice for cemetery and build-
may
consisting of groceries, fruits and vegetables, choice butcheese and eggs. Mr. Gorman obtains his goods from
the most reliable sources, and is therefore in a position toguarantee that they will prove as represented. Two competent assistants are employed, and no trouble is spared toMr. Gorman caters to family trade
satisfy all customers.
and quotes the lowest market rates on goods of standard
ter,
be obtained
;
ing work.
City Employment Bureau, W. C. Williams, 327
In
Avenue. SIcCarty Block, Dover, N.
theory, an employment bureau cannot fail to be of great
public convenience and so deserves liberal support, but in
practice many establishments of this kind are of no use
whatever and are carefully avoided by well-informed persons in search of desirable help. The fault of course is
with the management, for the principle involved is sound,
and when intelligently and honorably carried out the
results are sure to be eminently satisfactory to all parties
concerned. Therefore we take pleasure in calling attention to the City Employment Bureau, located at No. 327
Central avenue, in McCarty Block, for since this office was
opened, in 1889, it has made an enviable record for efficiencv and reliability. The proprietor, Mr. W. C. "Williams, is a native of New York Slate, and served iu the
armv during the Rebellion. He is associated with the
leading employment offices in Boston, and is in a position
to supply private families, hotels, restaurants, boarding,
mountain and seashore houses with help at short notice.
He constantly has the names of male and female help of
all nationalities on his books, and can furnish new arrivals
The office is open from 8 A. m.
to those preferring turh.
to 8 P. M., and is in charge of Mrs. Williams, prompt and
courteous attention being assured to every caller. All
first-class help will be furnished with situations at short
Central
notice.
H.—
& Harvey, Livery, Boarding and Baiting
Hacks furnished for Funerals, Private Parties,
Jenness
ble.
Staetc.
Rear of American House, Dover, N. U.— The firm of Jenness & Harvey, .have shown great enterprise in catering to-
A visit to their stable will disclose the fact,
the public.
that first-class teams may be obtained there at very reasonHorses will be taken toable rates and at short notice.
board at a moderate price and are assured proper care,
good food and suitable stabling. The stable which is
located at the rear of the American House, contains thirty
Hacks will be furnished when desired for funerals,
stalls.
These gentlemen do a large business
private parlies, etc.
Those who have patronized them in
in horse clipping.
this line, can testify to the careful and skillful manner in
which the operation was performed. Four capable assistants are employed, and the interests of their customers are
This enterprise has been conducted
faithfully consulted.
by the present proprietors since 1888. Mr. C. E .Jenness
who is a native of Dover, N. H., was formerly proprietor
Mr. F. C. Harvey is a native
of the Hawthorn Stable.
All having business dealings
of South Berwick, Maine.
with these gentlemen will find them "thoroughly reliable
their aim to keep a first-class stable,
and honorable. It is
where first-class teams may be obtained at all times, and
thus far they have succeeded to the satisfaction of all!
interested.
The City Laundry, the original Dan Guilfoyle,
Proprietor, corner of Third Street and Central Avenue,
Dover, N. H.-— There are many people who object to having washing done at home and yet do not feel disposed toBut there is noentrust their linen to public laundries.
more necessity of having your clothes injured at a laundry
than there is of having them done up at home, for The
City Laundry now run by ]Mr. Dan Guilfoyle at the corner of Third street and Central avenue, does careful work
and avoids injury to the most delicate fabric. Mr. Guilfoyle has conducted his present enterprise since 1884, and
has built up a thriving business, employment being given
The uniform
to only thoroughly experienced assistants.
superiority of the work turned out at this establishment is
evident to the most fastidious. A very important feature
of the business is the fact that all clothes are dried out in
the open air, no chemicals used whatever, while the pricesare so low that all can afford to take advantage of the
Laundry work of all kinds is done
opportunities offered.
at short notice, and work is called for and delivered
promptly as promised. Mr Guilfoyle is a native of Dover,
and well known throughout the city and vicinity.
�LEADING BUSINESS MEN OF DOVER.
28
James W. Hartford, Harness MaUer,
9 Locust Street,
no iiiun is to be blamed for trying
g.jods lie requires as cbeaply as possible,
still, it should alwaj-s be remembered that articles of
standard merit have a much more uniform or standard
price than those which are simply made to sell, as
the saying is, and that the lowest priced article is therefore not necessarily the cheapest. This principle applies
to every line of business and particularly to that devoted
to the manufacture and sale of harnesses, whips, collars,
•etc., for these goods vary greatly in quality, as good mate-
Dovur, N.
II.
to purchase
— Whik'
tin-
rial and skillful workmanship have to be paid for.
Mr.
James W. Hartford has built up an enviable reputation in
the production of the above named goods, having been
engaged
in the business for over thirty years
His shop
looited at No, 9 Locust street, Dover. N. H.
The
premises have an area of about 300 feet, while the employment of an experienced assistant enables him to serve his
customers in a prompt and satisfactory manner. These
articles are offered at the very lowest market rates.
Mr.
Hartford is a native of Dover, N. H., and is almost uni"versally known in this vicinity as he has been deputy
sheriff.
Orders for custom work or repairing will be
filled at very short notice.
is
J. Frank Roberts, dealer in Groceries, Flour and
Produce, Teas, Coffees and Spices, E.vtracts and Canned
at the lowest cash prices, 498 Central Avenue,
Dover, N. H. The great magnitude of the grocery busi-
Goods,
—
ness in this city, is significantly indicated by the number
and importance of the houses engaged in this line of trade,
and of these, none occupies a more prominent position
than that of Mr. J. Prank Roberts, doing business at Ko.
498 Central avenue. This enterprise was inaugurated in
1879 by the present proprietor. In 1887 he associated
himself with Mr. Foss. under the firm style of Hoberts &
Foss, which was continued until 1890, when Mr. Roberts
again assumed entire management of the business. Mr.
Roberts is a native of Maine, and is well known throughout Dover and vicinity as an enterprising and sagacious
business man.
No retail grocery house in this city enjoys
more favorable relations with producers, wholesalers, etc.,
and the consequence of
this state of affairs is to be seen
in the exceptional advantages the proprietor is enabled to
offer his customers in the purchase of many standard
commodities. The premises occupied comprise a store
and storeroom, each 20 X 40 feet in dimensions, and are
well fitted up for the accommodation of the large and
varied stock dealt in, which includes groceries, flour and
produce also teas, coffees, spices, e.xtracts and canned
goods. Three competent assistants are employed and all
orders are assured immediate and careful attention, while
the prices quoted are invariabl3' in accordance with the
very lowest market rates.
;
Boston Five and Ten Cent Store," Tin Ware, Glass
Ware, Toys, Crockery, 108 Washington Street, Dover, N.
H. A very attractive establishment lor the housekeeper
to visit is that known as the " Boston 5 and 10 Cent
Store," which is located at No. 108 Washington street, for
"
—
here may be seen a fine assortment of crockery, glassware,
and tinware also a well selected line of toys, and many
other goods too numerous to mention.
Business was
begun here in 1880, and has already attained extensive
proportions. The premises utilized are of the dimensions
of 20 X 50 feet, and the stock on hand is displayed to
excellent advantage.
Children are well provided for at
this establishment, for a complete assortment of toys and
games is offered to choose from, and the prices are as
attractive as the goods themselves. The latest and most
successful novelties may be bought here at the prices
quoted, when they far exceed in value goods offered at
other houses for twice the amounts.
Two competent
assistants are given employment and all customers are
assured prompfand polite attention, while every article
offered for sale will be found to be exactly as represented.
;
D. H. Wendell's Fire and Life Insurance Agency;
corner of Main auil School Streets, Dover, N. H.— A wel^
known insurance agency is a great convenience to any
business community and we therefore need make no apology for calling the attention of our readers to that of D.
H. Wendell's on the corner of Main and School streets,
Dover, N. H., established in 1852, and has furnished
insurance of the most reliable character at the lowest market rates, and those wishing any information in relation
to fire or life insurance would do well to give him a call.
He is a native of Dover and widely known in the community as one of Dover's heavv tax payers.a justice of the peace
and quorum
for the State,
was representative of the town
the city charter, and was appointed insurance
commissioner for the State in the year 18G6, but resigned
on account of his other business. And at the time of the
passage of the act known as the Valued Policy Law in the
year of 1S8~), was agent for the following old well-known
fire insurance companies, r:!; : Home Insurance Company
of New York, Insurance Company of North America,
Pennsylvania
Hartford of Hartford, and Pha>nix and
prior to
;
National of Hartford, representing some $25,000,000
of a.ssets, and is now agent and broker for tlie Old
New Hampshire Fire Insurance company of Manchester,
N. H., that lias more than a million and a half of assets,
and is also agent for the Old Manhattan Life Insurance
Company of New York that has some eleven million and
a half dollars of assets.
E. H. Frost, manufact'irer of Building Finish, Brackets,
Frames, Planing, Sawing, Turning,
Folsoni Street, Dover, N. H.
"The use of
machinery has greatly mollified the building business, and
there are now but verj' few parts of a house but what can
be more cheaply and accurately made by machinery than
Window and Door
—
etc., to order,
b}' hand.
Of course the result lias been to materially
diminish the cost of building and thus to enable many a
man to own the house he lives in who otherwise would
have to occupy less desirable rented quarters. This is a
distinct gain, and it follows that such enterprises as that
carried on by Mr. E. H. Frost deserve liberal patronage,
for Mr. Frost is a leading manufacturer of building finish,
brackets, window and door frames, etc. being jirepared
to furnish anything in that line at short notice and at the
lowest market rales. lie is a native of Elliot, Maine, and
is very well known personally in Dover and vicinity, at
present being a member of the city council. He succeeded
Mr. F. O. Marshall in the ownership of his present business in 1887, and gives it close personal attention, sparing
no pains to fully satisfy every customer. The mill is
located on Folsom street, and is two stories in height and
40 X 70 feet in dimensions. It is fitted up with improved
machinery, driven liy steam-power, and special attention
is given to doinu planing, sawing, turning, etc., to order.
Mr. Frost manufactures de.cks and does other cabinet,
work to a considerable extent, quoting the lowest market
rates in every department of his business and employing
an adequate force of experienced assistants.
;
�—
I.KADING BUSINESS
Sawyer Woolen
Mills, manufiictiirers of
Fancy
;
it
commodious
are various
structures,
among which
is
X
30 feet
in height, and 70
in size, another of similar dimensiims, having three stories
30 feet, with two stories
and a basement another 58
and a basement; another comprising hree stoiies and
one two stories and a basement
X
;
40 feet another, also three stories high,
145 X 40 feet in dimensions, and also another three stories
high measuring 185 X 65 feet. There are also two brick
storehouses, four stories high and 126 X 40 feet in dimensions
one brick storehouse 100 x 30 feet in size and two
an ofHce building, two stories high and
stories in height
57 X 40 feet in dimensions, together with a dry house,
measuring 58
X
;
;
;
repair shop, stable, etc., and fifty tenements of good size,
with slated or gravel roofs. Power is afforded by two
forty-inch Hercules turbine wheels and a 250-horse Corliss
The mills are lighted by gas and have a complete
engine.
and admirably arranged fire-extinguishing plant, including
automatic sprinklers of the most improved type. Employment is given to 450 operatives, and the value of the
annual product is between one and two million dollars.
Messrs. F. A. and J. Sawyer act as selling agents and the
goods are shipped to all "parts of the Union, the demand
From the selection of
for them being steadily increasing.
the raw material to the completion of the last process incidental to production, every detail is given close and skillful supervision, and the care exercised in the designing
and manufacture of the fancy cassimeres and suitings
made by the Sawyer Woolen Jlills, together with the
enterprise and ability shown in reducing the expense of
production to the lowest figure consistent with the use of
dependable material, is the secret of the success the company has met with in producing goods that give the be.st
of satisfaction to consumers and the trade and are accepted
as the standard wherever introduced.
2»
S. H. Foye, dealer in
Marble and Slate Headstones, Monuments, Tablets,
Grave Enclosures,
Counter and Table Tops ;
also Soap-Stoue Work of
kinds
shop Central
all
Cassi-
meres and Suitings, Dover, N. H.— The manufacture of
textile fabrics is one of New England's leading industries
and represents the investment of an enormous amount of
capital, but among all the many establishments demoted to
this branch of production those \itilized by the Si«}cr
Woolen Mills must be given a leading position a^ u-CHids
magnitude, perfection of equipment and uniform e\((l
"Sawyer woolens" are
lence of the results attaineil.
almost universally known in this country, and Iheir high
sequence of the enterprising and
reputation is the natural
painstaking methods which have characterized their man
ufacture from the first, for the aim of the productis has
ever been to turn out goods that woulil have no superior
in their special line, and to attain this end nether trouble
nor expense has been spared, and a raanufactuiing pUnt
has been established which combines all the most valuable
improvements in machinery and methods, and is consequently a marvel of completeness and elBciency. This
representative enterprise was inaugurated in 183S by Mr.
Alfred I. Sawver and in 1849 passed under the control of
Messrs. Z. & J. Sawyer, who were succeeded by Jlessrs
the present company being
F. A. and J. Sawver in 1852
incorporated in 1873. Mr. Charles II. Sawyer is president,
Mr. Jonathan Sawyer, treasurer, and Mr. T. M. Clark,
superintendent, and the capital of the company is $600,000.
The Sawyer Wuok-n Jlills are located on Bellamy Bauls
River, and the company controls the power afforded by
In 1863-4 a reservoir was built in
the three lower falls.
Harrington and in 1881 it was enlarged, its area now being
4.")0 acrcs.
The lower mill is located on tide-water, the
stream being navigable for coal barges, light-draft sloops,
etc., and further transportation facilities are afforded by
the Portsmouth and Dover branch of the Eastern railroad,
which has a station at these mills. The lower mill is a
brick structure, three stories and a basement in height and
225 X 38 feet in dimensions, having an addition comprising two stories and a basement, measuring 90 X 25 feet.
Both water and steam power are available, the latter Ijeing
The
furnished by a seventy flve-horse Corliss engine.
upper mill is also brick, and is four stories in height and
272 X 40 feet io dimensions. Connected with or adjacent
to
MEN OF DOVER.
:
Street, opposite
New
City
Building, Dover, N. H.
Mr S. H. Foye is a native
of Lee, N. H., but has resided in Dover for many
\ e irs,
having long ranked
w ith the most prominent
business men of this city.
Although giving close
at-
to mercantile afhe has found time to
of some very important public offices.
discharge the duties
He has served on the board of aldermen two years, and was
on the board of engineers from 1854 to 1872, two years of
which was chief engineer. Mr. Foye has served as mayor
of Dover, and was'also representative during the years
He became identified with ihe granite
1856 and 1857.
business as early as 1846, and in 1855 began to handle mar-
tention
fairs
up the granite business altogether in 1873.
extensively engaged in the manufacture and
sale of marble and slate headstones, monuments, tablets,
grave enclosures, etc., together with counter and table
Mr.
tops and soap-stone work of every descrijition.
Foye's shop is located on Central street, opposite the newarea of about 1500'
City Building, the premises having an
square feet. Employment is given to a sufficient number
of assistants to ensure the prompt filling of every order,
and the finish and general character of the work turned
out are unsurpassed, while the prices quoted are uniformly
moderate.
ble also, giving
He
is
now
Dover Steam Laundry and Dye House,
T. G. Hill.
Proprietor, No. 6 Orchard Street, Dover, N. H.— No more
perfect sign of advanced civilization could be given than
that offered by a modern steam laundry, for its presence
in a community shows, first, that cleanliness prevails, and
second: that the people have learned to avoid one fruitful
cause of domestic trouble. There is really no more reason
why washing should be done at home, than there is why
our shoes should be made at home, or any other operation
performed that can be more easily and cheaply attended
Some of our readers may take exctp' ions to theto outside.
"cheap" clause iu tliat sentence, and say, that it is not
justified by the facts, but if they will go to the trouble of
estimating all the drawbacks consequent upon drunestic
extra fuel burned, the time occupied, the
space taken up, the risk run, the constant and exasperating trials to strength and patience experienced— we think
that they will find on comparison that we aie not so (ar
wrong after all, and then the results attained. Look at
the work turned out in the ordinary course of business by
Uie Dover Steam Laundry, and see how it compares with
Is it not superior ?
flie best that can be done at home.
every facility is at hand— skilled labor is employed, constant
wonder that the results
supervision exercised— is it any
are more satisfactory ? The enterprise in question was
originated by Mr. Webster and has been under the conit
trol of its present proprietor, Mr. T. G Hill since 1883
spacious,
is located at No. 6 Orchard street, and comprises
premises covering an area of over 1200 feet. The propriIn connection with the
etor is a native of Biddeford, Me.
laundry a large trade is done in dyeing, scouring and clean-
washing— the
;
A
which is done in the most satisfactory manner.
is made of dyeing and cleaning garments without
ripping and no painsare spared to serve the public in the
best manner. A large business has been established which
shows every sign of a continuous and pronounced increase.
Eight experienced and reliable assistants are given employing,
specialty
ment.
�LEADING BUSINESS MEN OF DOVER.
30
Walter T. Perkins, Steam and Gas Fitter dealer in
Steam Heating and Gas Liglitiug Apparatus, Wrought
Emerson, proprietors of the Dover trunk factory, so much
Iron and Brass Pipe, Valves, Fittings, etc.; Gas Fixtures,
Glass Globes and Shades, Xo. 44 Locust Street, Dover, N.
H. There are some kinds of work which mav be done la
.a "good enough" fashion without any bad results, but
goods will prove as represented and give the best satisfaction.
This factory was opened by Mr. W. O. Whittier, in
1887, and passed into the possession of the present firm in
1889.
The premises comprise two floors measuring 25x50
feet, and are located at Nos. 63 and 04 St. Thomas street.
All kinds of trunks are manufactured and both a wholesale and retail business is done, the facilities being such
that the largest orders can be filled at short notice,
while the smallest commissions will be promptly and carefully executed.
A fall assortment of .sizes and kinds is
carried in stock and all tastes, all circumstances and all
;
—
when
it
comes
to
steam and
gas-fitting,
it is
simply foolish
be satisfied with anything but the best, for inferior
in this line is dangerous, troublesome and expensive, to say nothing of its not answering the purpose for
which it was designed. It is easy enough to have firstclass piping if you apply to the proper party, and certainly
no wiser course can be taken than to leave your order
with Mr. Walter T. Perkins at No. 44 Locust street, for
he is a thoroughly competent steam and gas-titter. He has
the facilities and the men to enable him to execute all
to
work
commissions at short notice, and in the most approved
and satisfactory manner, the best of materials being used.
He is uniformly moderate in his charges, and as he gives
close personal attention to his business he is in a position
to keep the service to a very high standard of efficiency
and to guarantee complete satisfaction to his patrons.
The premises occupied comprise one floor and basement
32 X 60 feet in dimensions. Mr. Perkins is a dealer in
steam-heating and gas-lighting apparatus, wrought iron and
brass pipe, valves, fittings, etc., gas fixtures, glass globes,
and shades, steam and water gauges, engineers' supplies,
etc.
Mr. Perkins, who is a native of Dover, N. H., has
been the proprietor of this establishment since 1874. He
has gained an honorable position among the business circles of this neighborhood.
Jlr. Perkins is also agent for
the Gurney Hot Water Heater which is conceded to be
the best hot water heater in the market. He has put in
several in this vicinity which give the best of satisfaction.
&
Hayes
Hodgdon, dealers in Choice Groceries, Teas,
Coffees, Spices. Confectionery, and Fruit, 103 Washington
Street, Dover, N. H.
The ability to suit a business enterprise to the particular class of trade it is designed to reach
principally, is an indispensable factor in attainment of success, and it is owing in a great degree to the skill displayed
in this direction, that the firm of Hayes
Hodgdon has
attained the high reputation and popularit}' it now enjoys.
This concern is made up of Messrs. E. J. Hayes and F. P.
—
&
Hodgdon. The establishment now conducted by them was
founded in 18T0 by Mr. W. M. Courser, Messrs. Hayes &
Hodgdon assuming full control in 1889. The premises
utilized are located at No. 103 Washington street, and are
tlie better,
for in that case j'ou
may
purses can easily be suited.
J. H. Winslo-w, dealer in Boots, Shoes, Rubbers and
Shoe Findings, French Calf Skins and Sole Leather, No.
410 Central Avenue, on the Bridge, Dover, N. H. Mr. J.
H. Winslow has been engaged in the boot and shoe business in Dover since 1801, and has conducted his present
enterprise sinee 1885.
The establishment in question was
originally established in 1842 by Mr. Oliver Libey, and
after several changes in its management came into the
possession of the present proprietor, at the above named
date.
The premises occupied cover an area of about 900
square feet, and a very heavy stock is carried, for Mr.
Winslow deals in boots, shoes, rubbers, shoe findings,
—
French calfskins, and
sole leather, and caters to all classes
of trade.
His assortment includes goods suited to all
kinds of wear, and whether a dress boot, or a working
shoe, is wanted, he can fill the want in the most satisfactory manner. Dealing with only reputable manufacturers'
wholesalers, he is in a position to guarantee the quality of
the goods he handles, and although he does not pretend to
sell " below the cost of manufacture," still there is no
more likely place at which to look for bargains, for Mr.
Winslow is a careful and discriminating buyer, and by
watching the market is often able to secure standard articles below the regular rates, but a full assortment of sizes
in all standard styles is kept in stock, the result being that
a perfect fit is easily obtainable.
The latest novelties are
offered as soon as they appear in the market, and at prices
that will bear the severest comparison with those quoted
elsewhere. Mr. Winslow is a native of Nottingham, N.
H., and is very •well known throughout the business circles of Dover.
Those in want of anything incUuled in the
line of foot-wear will find it at his establishment of warranted quality.
A
of the dimensions of 20 X 80 feet.
.stock of fine groceries is carried, which includes all the almost endless
variety of goods now handled by a first-class establishment
also tiour of all grades, selected teas and
of this kind
pure coffees, spices, etc.; also pure confectionery and fruits
of all kinds in their season. Mr. H.ayes is a native of
Medbury and Mr. Hodgdon of Dover, N. H. Both gentlemen are well known and esteemed by all who know them.
Employment is given to a reliable assistant and courteous
and prompt attention is assured to all callers. All orders
will be accurately delivered at short notice, and prices will
be found to compare favorably with the lowest market
A. N. Ward,
Undertaker and
Practical Embalmer. Caskets, Robes,
Plates and Flowers,
;
rates.
Dover Trunk Factory, Whittier & Emerson, Proprietors, successors to W. O. Whittier, manufacturers of all
kinds of Trunks, wholesale and retail, 02 and 64 St. Thomas
St., Dover, N. H.
If an3'0ue doubts that it is good policy to
buy a thoroughly well-made trunk, let him visit the nearest railway station especially •when "business is rushing,"
and watcli the train hands and expressmen wrestle with
the baggage.
Time is worth a good deal to them and the
baggage belongs to other persons, consequently they save
ten cents worth of time at the expense of ten dollars worth
•of baggage, and think nothing of it.
It is not for us to say
where the fault lies, but the moral at least is plain see that
i/our trunk is of a kind that will stand the racket.
Such
la trunk cannot be bought for nothing, but it maj' be pur•chased at a reasonable figure if you patronize the right dealer
And if that dealer gets his trunks of Messrs. Whittier &
—
—
—
confident that his
feel
Hearses
riages
and CarFurnished
;
Residence over
H
—
Store, Nos. 12
and
14 Thirl stitLt Dover N
Considerable expense as
well as no smxil degree of executive ability is required in
order to discharge the icsponsible duties of an undertaker
satisfactorily, for it is of course highlj' important to so
manage as to avoid all confusion or delays on the occasions
when the services of an undertaker are required. Mr. A.
N. Ward has often been called upon to ofliciate in this
capacity during the past six years. He is a native of
Brockton, Mass., and began operations in Dover in 1884.
He is an undertaker and practical embalmer. His establishment and residence, are both conveniently located at
Nos. 12 and 14 Third street. A carefully selected stock
is carried, comprising caskets, coflSns. burial robes, and
funeral goods in general. Flowers, hearses and carriages,
will also be furnished when desired.
Jloderate prices are
quoted in every department, and the variety of goods
offered is sufficiently large to admit of all tastes being
suited.
Orders for embalming will receive immediate and
careful attention, and the entire direction of funerals will
be assumed if desired, thus enabling much anxiety and
trouble to be avoided.
�LEADING BUSINESS MEN OF DOVER.
H. A. Pattee,
)!^^^ dealer iu Carpets
'[,
Furniture,
;iiul
Side-
lieddiug,
lioards,
Desks,
Curetc., 337
LouDges,
tains,
Central Avenue,
Dover. N.
The
first
H.—
step to-
wards going
to
house keeping
to get a wife,
is
no
doubt, but after
little matter
to
attended
that
is
the question
of
f\irniture comes
tip to be settled.
J
'
Some
marked
have
[Changes
•
j
ncciirred in the
furniture trade
if
years,
late
I
and
it
is
now
possible to furnish a house at a
very
moderate
expense.
spend money
N. E. Hanson, wholesale and retail dealer in Family
Groceries and [Provisions, Flour, Grain, Fish, etc.. special
attention paid in selection of choice Teas and Coffees. No.
Among the many grocery
1 Silver Street, Dover. N. H.
and provision stores located iu this city, few are better
known than that now carried on by Mr. N. E. Hanson, for
this establishment was founded in 1864 by J. T. Hanson &
Co., and lias long been highly popular with the most careThe present proprietor, Mr. N. E. Hanson,
ful buyers.
assumed full control of the business in 1872. Premises of
the dimensions of 25 X 75 feet are occupied, and courteous and reliable assistants are required to attend to the
heavy patronage enjoyed. The stock carried at this establishment will compare favorably in all essential features
with that of any similar house in the city, for it is both
large and varied, and comprises family groceries, provisions, flour, grain, fish, etc., special attention being paid to
Mr. Hanson does
the selection of choice teas and coffees.
not place his prices so high that none but the favored few
can afford to trade with him, but offers such decided
inducements that experienced buyers feel they can hardly
Everything sold here is guarafford to trade elsewhere.
anteed to prove just as represented, and tlie prices average
as low as the lowest when the quality is considered.
—
Of
course you can
if
—
you want to $-500 can be spent for a single chamber set.
if you wish, but a small house can be very comfortably
But when it comes to exercisfitted up for that amount.
ing wise economy, the first thing to do is to find a dealer
who is satisfied with a small margin of profit, and who
carries a stock sufficiently large and varied to allow of all
tastes being suited, and hundreds of people have solved
this problem to their entire satisfaction by placing their
orders with Mr. H. A. Pattee located at No. 337 Central
This gentleman is a native of New Hampand established his present business in Dover in 1887.
carpets, and furniture of all kinds, including
handles
avenue, Dover.
shire,
He
31
quoted are surprisingly
low, considering the character of the goods handled, and
both economy and convenience are served by trading here.
to his customers, for the prices
bedding, sideboards, desks, lounges, curtains, etc. The
premises occupied comprise five floors, each 20x60 feet in
dimensions, thus affording ample space for the carrying of
an exceptionally heavj- stock. The proprietor offers some
very decided bargains in every department. In regard to
these bargains, we do not ask j'ou to take our word for
them, and in fact do not want you to do so, but what we
want is to have you call and see for j'ourself, for you
will be sure to find something that you need at a price that
will compel you to purchase.
No detailed description of
the goods dealt in is possible here, l)ut suffice it to say that
the assortment is most complete, the prices low, and that
all callers are assured prompt and polite attention.
(fo
W. C. Leavitt, dealer in Meat, Fish, Poultry, Fruit,
Vegetables and Country Produce, No. 5 Silver Street,
Dover, N. H. To those who are familiar with the advantages enjoj'ed b}' those dealing with Mr. W. C. Leavitt at
No. 5 Silver street, the large retail business done by this
gentleman needs no explanation, for self-interest is a very
powerful motive, and those placing a trial order with the
gentleman in question, generally learn by the result that
it is plainly for their interest to deal with him altogether.
The enterprise was established by Mr. Geo. W. Parker,
who was succeeded by Messrs. Berry & Leavitt in 1884,
Mr. W. C. Leavitt. the present proprietor, assuming full
—
He is a native of JIassachusetts, and is
known throughout Dover. Employment is given to
competent and polite assistants. The premises occupied
•control in 1889.
well
are about 600 square feet in dimensions, and a heavy stock
is carried including meats, fish, poultry, fruit asd vegetables of every description together with country produce in
general. Th« favorable relations Mr. Leavitt enjoys with
producers and wholesalers are by no means without benefit
Rackley's Variety Store, Corner Washington Street and
The secret of success is much
Central Ave., Dover, N. H.
the same no niatter what business may be engaged in,
if you can furnish customers with reliable goods at Ijottom
prices, and give prompt attention to all orders, you need
have no fear but what a satisfactory trade will soon be
Such has been the experience of Samuel Rackbuilt up.
ley, who carries on a business devoted to tlie sale of crockery and glass and tin-ware, for since he succeeded Jlr.
Meldon in 1888, who was the original founder of the business, his efforts to extend operations have met with
Mr. Rackley is a native of Maine,
unquestionable success
and is well known in Dover; he is tlioroughly acquainted
with his business and has shown both intelligence and
liberality in conducting the same; the premises occupied
are of the dimensions of 20x30 ft. ahd iire well stocked with
a select stock of crockerj', glass ware, granite-iron ware
wooden ware and 5 and 10 cent goods, also a full line o
tinware, all purses can be accommodated at this store, fo
the prices are in every instance in accordance with th
lowest market rates and the best goods are handled, as
well as those at low cost.
—
J. W. Merrow, dealer in Groceries and Provisions,
Flour, Butter, Cheese and Eggs. 5 Chestnut Street, Dover,
N. H. One of the recently established and at the same
time one of the most reliable enterprises carried on in this
section of Dover, is that conducted by Mr. J. W. Jlerrow,
at No. 5 Chestnut street, for the proprietor is well and
favorably known throughout this vicinity and has had
sufficient experience in his present line of business to be
thoroughly familiar with it in every detail. Mr. Merrow
is a native of Ossipee, N. H. and as before stated is well
known throughout Dover. The store is about 700 square
feet in dimensions, and is very conveniently fitted up,
the space available being sufficiently extensive to admit of
the carrying of a large and varied stock, comprising selected
family groceries and provisions of all kinds, also flour,
This stock is new, fresh, and
butter, cheese and eggs.
"clean" in every department, and therefore, Mr. Merrow
has no undesirable goods to work ofi " but is in a position
to supply articles that will satisfy the most fa.stidious.
Orders are filled at short notice and every caller may safely
depend upon receiving courteous and painstaking attention.
This establishment was founded about 1885, by Mr. Thos.
Steel, and has been under the able management of Mr.
Those giving his establishment
J. W. Merrow since 1887.
a trial, will find him prepared to fill either large or small
erders without delay and at the lowest market rates.
—
'
�—
LEADING BUSINESS
H.
E.
Livery
Canney,
Stable,
Boardinjr,
Hacking
and Bailing. Haclis
Furnished for Wed-
dings and Funerals,
17-23 St. Thomas
Street.
-The
.
Dover. N, II.
question of
whether it is cheaper
for one living in the
cily to
own
or hire
a horse, is one that is influenced so much by circumstances
in each individual case that it is impossible to answer it
until those circumstances are duly considered, but at all
events it will be agreed that such an establishment as that
carried on by Mr. H. E. Canne3' at Nos. 17-23 St. Thomas
street, deserves hearty support, for here a desirable, safe
and stylish team may be hiretl at a moderate cost, or a
horse may be boarded by its owner at a reasonable expense,
so that all who use horses for business or pleasure can be
accommodated. This enterprise was inaugurated in 1S84,
and now ranks among the leading undertakings of the
kind in Dover. The premises in use are spacious and
well-arranged, lighted with electricity, and contain every
convenience, there being twenty eight stalls and ample
carriage accommodations. Single and double teams can
be furnished at short notice, and the most fastidious customer will have no reason to complain of any detail of the
turnout, for horse, carriage, harness, robe, etc., are all
first-class, the best trade being catered to and no pains
spareii to assure satisfaction.
Hacks for public occasions,
such as balls, weddings, funerals, etc., can be supplied in
any numlier desired, experienced and careful drivers
being furnished, who will be found not only competent
but courteous also. Animals boarded here will be given
the best of care, and in short the high reputation of the
estaljlisbmeut will be fully sustained in every instance.
MEN OF DOVER.
John J. Hanson vice-president, Eli V. Brewster; secretary
and treasurer, Isaac F. Abbott trustees, Eli V. Brewster,
William A. ilorrill, Ephraim H. Whitehouse, William H^
Vickery, John ,T. Hanson, Isaac F. Abbott, Edmund M.
Swan, Henry A. Wortheu, James F. Seavey, Dennis Cash,.
Solomon H. Foye.
;
;
—
Dover National Bank, Dover, N. H. The Dover
National Bank is a thoroughly representative institution
in every sense of the word, and since its incorporaticm in
1865 has exerted a most powerful influence in developingthe interests of this section.
It has a capital of |100,000'
which has been further augmented by a surplus of $20,000.
The following gentFemen, widely and favorably
known in financial and general business circles for their
prudence and just methods, are the officers and directors
President, Oliver Wyatt vice-president, Eli V. Brewster ;.
cashier, Isaac F. Abbott
directors, Oliver Wyatt, Eli V.
Brewster, Joshua 6. Hall, Jloses D. Page, Henry A. Worthen, Richard N. Boss, John J. Ilans'on.
The banking
rooms are spacious and well-appointed, affording ampleaccommodations to patrons, and possessing every convenience for facilitating the despatch of business. A general banking business is transacted, including the receplioDi
of deposits, the discounting of approved commercial
paper, the collection of drafts, and the dealing in government and other first-class securities. This is one of thebest-managed and most popular banks in New Hampshire,,
and from its foundation has deserved and enjoyed the
confidence of the public to an exceptional degree. The
investments of the Dover National Bank have always been
carefully and judiciously made, and its ventures of capital
:
;
;
all times well secured
while the officers are obligingefficient in their dealings with the public and spiire nopains to extend the usefulness of the institution they represent.
The following statement shows how thoroughly
the public confidence is justified
Report of the Condition of the Dover National Bank at
Dover, in the State of New Hampshire, at the c'o«e of busi-
are at
;
—
we therefore take pleasure
comment upon which is
following list,
quite unnecessary
President,
in presenting the
:
;
and
:
ness,
Dover Five Cents Savings Sank, Dover, N. H.
Every well-managed savings institution is a benefit to the
public, insomuch as its tendency is to encourage thrift,
industry, and other qualities which go to make up good
citizenship
but the Dover Five Cents Savings Batik is
especially worthy of encouragement and support from
the fact that, as its name indicates, it will receive on
deposit 30 small a sum as five cents and it is the saving
of small sums that must be inculcated iC prudent habits
are to be established.
The wage earner who can and will
save cents, can and will save dollars, and were this fact
more generally understood and taken advantage of it
would be of almost inestimable advantage to the comm\inity.
Numberless instances might be quoted of where
men have obtained their start in business life from savings
accumulated when their earnings were by no means large,
and it maj- be stated as a rule almost without exception
that he who saves nothing when receiving small pay will
save nothing if his wages be doubled. "Once form the
habit of putting aside a portion, however small, of your
weekly or montlily earnings and the rest is eas_v. Should
your pay increase, your savings will increase correspondingly, and in any event
you will have ;the satisfaction of knowing that you are doing your best to improve
your condition, and how gratifying that feeling is, only
those who have experienced it know.
The facilities
offered |by the Dover Five Cents Savings Bank are not surpassed by those of any similar institution, and money
entrusted to its care is as absolutely secure as any funds
well can be. The management is able and conservative
and the financial condition of the liank is exceptionally
favorable, a late statement showing that there is about
$223,000 due depositors, while the guarantee fund is .^11,1.50 and the surplus §;2.700.
But after all, the best evidence concerning the standing of such an enterprise is that
afforded by the character of those identified with it, and
.
:
February
28, 1890.
RESOURCES.
Loans and discounts
United States Bonds
$91,403.3$100,000.00
31,775.11
to secure circulation. ..
Stocks, securities, judgments, claims, eic
Due from approved
reserve agents
Banking house furniture and
14,887.05
fixtures
8,200.0fr
Other real estate and mortgages owned
Current expenses and taxes paid
Premiums on United States Bonds
Checks and other cash items
Bills of other bauks
Fractional paper currency, nickels, and cents
2,853.72
2,59.83-
20,389.58-
1,527.59
4,713.00'
86.33-
7,762 50-
Specie
Legal tender notes
Redemption fund wiUi
(5
3,195.00-
L'nited States Treasurer
per cent, of circulation)
4, .500.00'
$291,553 03
Total
LIABILITIES.
$100,000 0020,000.00
8,206.34
Capital stock paid in
Surplus in fund
LTndivided profits
National Bank notes outstanding
Dividends unpaid
Individual deposits subject to check
Cashier's checks outstanding
88,100.001,577.5069,388.2.S
4,280 93
Total
$291,553 03
State of New Hampshire, County of Strafford, ss
1, Isnac F. Abbott, Cashier of the above named bank, do
solemnly swear that the above statement is true to the best
of my knowledge and belief.
Isa.ac F. Abbott, Cashier.
Subscribed and sworn to before me this 10th day of
George W. Benn, Notary Public^
March, 1890.
Correct Attest
;
—
Oliver Wtatt,
)
Eli V. Brewster,
[-
Henry
A.
Worthen.
)
Directors^
�—
^
LEADING BUSINESS MEN OF DOVER.
JOHN
33
GLIDDEN,
A.
Special Care in Preparing for Burial.
MY PERSONAL ATTENTION TO ALL
Residence and Office, 20 and 24 Locust Street,
George
B.
Wentworth
&
Co.,
manufacturers
of
Broaans and Plow Sboes, Central Avenue, Dover, N. II.
The enterprise carried on under the lirm-name of George
B. Wentworth & Co., was inaugurated about thirty-five
years ago and has long held a leading position among
other New Hampshire undertakings of a similar character.
Mr. George B. Went-north, the founder of the business,
died in 1888, and it has since been conducted by his sons,
Messrs. Charles B. and Fred N. "Wentworth, no change
being made in the firm name. The concern are extensively
engaged in the manufacture of brogans and plow shoes for
the Southern and Western trade, and their productions are
highly thought of by dealers and consumers as the}' are
unsurpassed for ease, strength and durability the three
fundamental characteristics of desirable working shoes.
—
of our readers may be surprised to learn that there
are degrees of merit in such coarse goods as brogans and
plow shoes, but such is the fact and no little experience
and skill are required in order to attain the best results in
The premises utilized by this firm
their manufacture.
comprise four floors of the dimensions 45 X65 feet, and are
very thoroughly fitted up, power being furnished by a
twenty-five horse engine and employment being given to
too operatives. The output averages 1000 pairs per day
and the firm are prepared to fill the largest orders at comparatively short notice, and to quote the lowest market
The business is conducted under the immediate
rates.
supervision of Mr. Chas. B. Wentworth who spares no
pains to maintain the high reputation of tbe product.
Some
Mary Byrne, Millinery and Fancy Goods, 63 Washington
— An old established and very popu-
Street, Dover, N. H.
lar enterprise of its
kind is that of which Miss Mary
Byrne is the proprietress, and which is carried on at No.
63 Washington street, founded in 1847 by Miss Byrne and
which is tbe oldest millinery establishment in town. This
business has since been continued without change of any
kind in its ownership, and the experience gained by its
manager through all these j-ears, now enables her to offer
Inducements to her customers which it would be very
hard to equal elsewhere. One floor is occupied of the
dimensions of 25 X 40 feet, and the stock carried is not
only large but varied, containing as it does, ribbons, laces,
embroideries, collars, handkerchiefs, hosiery,
white goods, underwear and fancy goods of all kinds, and
in fact a complete assortment of such goods as are only
handled by a first class establishment of this kind. !Miss
Byrne is very well known in Dover and vicinity, in both
feathers,
business and
social circles.
She emploj's an efficient
and assures all customers prompt and polite
and handles only goods that she can recommend,
and guarantees that they will prove strictly as represented,
and no trouble is spared to fully maintain the enviable
reputation for enterprise and fair dealing this establish-
assistant
attention,
ment has held
so long.
ITS DETAILS.
New
Dover,
A. P. Drew,
Mouldings of the
Ilampsliire.
Picture Frames and
Photographer
latest patterns
Life Size Crayons a Spe420 Central Avenue, Rooms 10, 17 and 18, Dover,
N. II.— Those who deny the title of " artist" to any photographer no matter how skillful he may be, or how beautiful the work he may produce, occupies a precisely
similar position to that held by those asserting the same
thing in connection with the process of engraving on wood.
There may be room for an honest difference of opinion on
this subject, but it is difficult for us to see how any competent judge can declare art to be entirely absent from
some of the wonderful photographic work to be seen nowadays, notably that produced by Mr. A. P. Drew, at his
studio. No. 420 Central avenue, for this gentleman ranks
with the leading photographers, and does the largest busiJlr. Drew is an artist of high
ness of the kind in Dover.
merit, he gives special attention to all branches of photography, and has produced portraits that are worthy of the
name, and that have called forth much favorable comment;
throughout this community, life size crayons being »
He established
specialty. Mr. Drew is a native of Dover.
his profession in 1859, and now occupies three large rooms,
16, 17 and 18, at No. 420 Central avenue, where every provision is made for the comfort and convenience of patrons.
Mr. Drew does not confine his business to photography
alone, but deals in picture frames, and mouldings of the
latest patterns.
The extensive business transacted by Mr.
Drew requires the services of seven competent assistants.
Art lovers can visit this studio with pleasure and profit,
The
for a fine selection of finished work is to be seen.
views of Dover illustrated in this book were taken by him,
cialty
;
;
;
O. H. Horton, Book Binder, 97 Washington Street,
Dover. N. H. Mr. C. H. Horton was born in New York
City, but has been engaged in active business life in Dover
for nearly forty years, during which time he has become
thoroughly identified with the advancement of the best
interests of that city, and has done much to bring about
—
that
advancement
"by
the zeal, intelligence and fidelity
with which he discharged the responsible duties devolving
upon him in the various official positions to which he has
been elected. Mr. Horton has served as councilman, as
alderman, as mayor and as representative. He is now
councilor of district No. 1 to Governor Goodell, and we
need hardly add that few if any of our local business men
He carries on a book bindare more universally known.
ing establi.'hment at No. 97 Washington street, and is prepared to fill either wholesale or retail orders at short notice
and at moderate rates. As his facilities for binding pamphlets, books, etc., are well known to neighboring printers, publishers, etc., we will not dwell upon them, but
will call attention to the service he is prepared to render
in connection with the binding of magazines, music, etc.,
The work is done in a neat and
for retail customers.
durable manner and the charges are uniformly moderate.
�LEADING BUSINESS MEN OF DOVER.
stationery, picture frames, wall
papers, etc.
This business was
originally established by Mr. C.
H. Ilovey who was succeeded in
1884 by the present proprietor.
Under the able management of
Mr. C. W. Smith, the establishment has been greatly extended
and has become the local headquarters for books, stationery,
picture frames, wall papers, artists' materials, etc.
The goods
displayed in the above named
lines, show marked taste and
judgment in their selection.
(Japalile and reliable assistants
are constantly employed.
The
store is neat and attractive in
all its appolntmenls, and every
customer is treated in a polite
and attentive manner, and the
wants of the public are studied
in every respect.
Mr. Smith is
a native of Maine, and a gentleman combining business talent
with fairness in all his dealings.
He is well qualified to push
his business to
still greater usefulness and importance.
He is
well
known throughout this
vicinity and is regarded as a
reliable and representative bus-
ine!S
Woodbury Brothers, wholesale manufacturers of Buskins and Slippers, and Women's aud Misses' Boots and
Boston office: 31 Lincoln Street. Factories: BevShoes.
erly. Mass., and Cor. Park and Dover Streets, Dover,
N. H. Shoe manufacturing is steadily increasing in New
Hampshire, and present indications are that it will increase
still more rapidly in the future, for manufacturers find
that operations can be carried on in this State' to excellent
advantage, and it is becoming common for the leading
Massachusetts concerns to establish branch factories here.
The establishment conducted by Messrs. Woodbury Brothers can hardly be called a "branch," however, for the
firm manufacture all their women's and misses' boots aud
shoes at this factory, the one in Beverly, Mass., being
utilized for the production of buskins and slippers.
Messrs Woodbury Brothers rank with the leading boot
and shoe houses of New England, their goods being
very widely known among consumers and the trade. They
have carried on operations in Beverly for about a score of
This is
years, and opened their Dover factory in 1886.
located in a five-story building, 336x40 feet in dimensions, situated on the corner of Park and Dover streets.
The plant of machinery in use is of the mo.st improved
type, and power is furnished by a seventy five horse
engine; the capacity of the establishment being 3,400 pair
per day.
Employment is given to 250 persons, and
operations are carried on under the direct supervision of
Mr. J. T. Woodbury. No trouble is spared to maintain
the high reputation of the product, and as the firm are in
a position to quote the lowest market rates they find no
difficulty in disposing of the output.
The Boston office is
located at No. 31 Lincoln street, where a full line of samples may be seen.
man
'"
—
C. W. Smith, Books, Stationery, Picture Framing and
Wall Papers, Bracewell Block. Dover, N. H. This popuand stationer, during the six years he has
been established here, has attained a prominent position
among Dover's business men. He occupies a store 30x80
—
lar bookseller
feet in dimensions, located in Bracewell Block, Central
avenue, which contains a fine selected stock of books.
Iron and Brass Castings, Machine
C. E.
Dovei',
-
MARSTON,
-
New
Work,
Prop.,
Hampsliii^e.
The Dover Foundry and Machine Works may be said to
have been established more than half a century ago, for
the enterprise had its inception as far back as 1838, and
after various changes in ownership, passed under the control of C. K. Marston, the present proprietor, about fifteen
Mr. Marston is a native of Great Falls, N. H.,
years ago.
and is very widely known in manufacturing circles, he
having filled many important contracts and being accepted
and often quoted as a competent authority on matters relating to piping, steam heating and constructional iron
work.
The Dover Foundry and Machine Works are
spacious and well equipped, the foundry alone having an
area of about 6,000 square feet.
There is a large twostory machine shop, besides various out buildings, etc.
Every facility is at hand for the production of iron and
brass castings and the doing of general machine work
and among the more important articles manufactured may
be mentioned plumbers' pipe and fittings steam and hot
water heating and ventilating apparatus, radiators lamp
posts, hitching posts, iron columns: pulleys, shafting, and
hangers; feed-water heaters, pumps, Babbitt metal, etc.
Mr. Marston also deals extensively in wrought iron pipe,
radiators, engines, gas fittings, steam fittings, gas fixtures,
brass valves and boilers, and is in a position to figure very
closely on piping, steam or hot water healing, and on iron
work of all kinds. Estimates will clieerfully be made on
application, and we need not dwell upon the advantages
gained by placing orders in such experienced and responsiEmployment is given to from twenty to forty
ble hands.
assistants, and tlie most extensive commissions can be executed at short notice, while the smallest orders are assured
immediate and careful attention.
;
;
;
�;
LEADIXO Bi'SINESS MEN OF DOVER.
&
Sons, 'I'aiiI. B. Williams
ners aud manufacturers of OakTanned Leather Belting, KawHido, and Tanned Lace Leather,
RAWHIDE LACE LEATHER.
Dover. N. II,
Never before was there so extensive
demand for strictly first-class leather belting as is
now the case, and it is easy to account for this condition
of affairs, for the tendency is to constantly increase the
speed of machinery and. other things being equal, the
It is welihigher the speed the better the belt re(iuirtd.
koown that electric dynamos call for especially high grade
belts if the best results are to be attained, and the rapidly
increasing number of dynamos in use is of itself enough
Under
to account for a large share of the demand noted.
these circumstances it is not surprising that the producSons should meet with
tions of Messrs. I. B. Williams
a ready sale, for tlie purchaser of belting has to depend
chietl3' upon the reputation of the maker to ensure being
supplied with a satisfactory article. The belting and lace
leather made by this firm have an unsurpassed reputation
throughout the country. The business was founded nearly half a century ago by Mr. I. B Williams. The e.visting firm name was adopted in 1878, and remains unchanged, although the senior member Mr. L B. Williams
^iedin .luly. 188.j. His sons, Messrs. F. B. and G. II
Williams, still continue the business and are now sole proprieiors.
They are both natives of Dover, and prominent
citizens.
The firm are tanners and mauuficturers of oaktanned leather belting, raw hides and tanned lace leather,
producing a full line of these goods, and quote the lowest
market rates on goods of standard excellence.
The
Ckjcheco raw hide lace leather (one of their specialties)
being as famous and popular a brand as can be found in
the market.
very large and complete plant is operated
the main building being four stories in height and 150 X 50
feet in dimensions. The most improved machinery is used
throughout the works and power is' afforded by a sixtyhorse engine. Employment is given to sixty men, and
some idea of the extent of the business may be gained
from the fact that .500 butts, equaling 1000 sides of leather,
are consumed weekly into belting, and .^00 green hides per
week are made into lace. The productions are shipped
"1;hroughout the United States and hold a leading position
wherever .they have been introduced.
*.9i;^
"•^
IRODE MARK
—
"^
"
'^^^CT
—
&
A
Crawford, Tolles & Co., Insurance, Rooms 18 aud 14
National Blo'ck, Dover, N. H. Messrs. Crawford. Tolles
Co., began operations in this city in 1886, and the magnitude and character of the business built up since that
comparatively recent date, show better than anything else
could what is thought of the facilities they offer by the
property owners of Dover and vicinity. The firm is constituted of Messrs, E. A. Crawford, A. D. Tolles and E.
A. Leighton, Messrs. Crawford and Leigbton being natives
of New Hampshire, while Mr. Tolles was born in Vermont, Offices are maintained at Great Falls and Farmington in addition to the one in this city, and Mr, Crawford
represents the firm here and also his charge of the Farmington agency.
No concern in New Hampshire is better
prepared to place large lines of insurance on desirable
risks at short notice, and the smallest commissions
will
be promptly and faithfully executed, and no
pains spared to make the service reliable and satisfactory in every respect.
Insurance is placed on the most
favorable terms and some idea of the facilities offered may
be gained from the following list of companies represented;
New RampHhire Departiiunl. ^Etna Insurance Company,
of Hartford, Conn., in Great Falls and Farmington;
Anglo Nevada Insurance Company, of California Insurrance Company of North America, of Philadelphia. Pa.;
Liverpool and London and Globe Insurance Company,
London & Lancashire Insurance Company,
of England
of England
National Insurance Company, of Hartford,
Conn,; Sun Fire Insurance Company, of England;
Springfield Fire and Marine Insurance Company of
Springfield, Mass
Fitchburg Mutual Fire Insurance Company of Fitchburg, Mass. Peoples' Fire Insurance Company of Manchester, N. H,; Granite State Fire Insurance
Company of Portsmouth, N. H. Portsmouth Fire Association of Portsmouth. N. H.
Capital Fire Insurance
Company of Concord, N. H, Underwriter's Fire Association of Concord, N. H.
also eight New Hampshire mutuals.
Maini Department. Royal Fire Insurance Company
of England Queen Fire Insurance Company of England
Pennsvlvania Fire Insurance Company of Philadelphia,
Pa. Union Fire Insurance Company of California Traveller's Accident Insurance Company of Hartford, Conn,;
—
&
—
;
;
;
;
;
;
;
;
;
—
;
;
;
;
State Agents for New Hampshire of the Mutual Benefit
Life Insurance Company of Newark, New Jersey,
�LEADING BUSINESS MEN OF DOVER
36
Charles E. Hodsdon, Diamonds, Jewelry, and Rich
Repairing and Engraving skillfully done,
444 Central Avenue, Dover, N. H. The stock carried by
Charles E. Hodsdon is worthy the careful inspection of al]
who contemplate the purchase of anything in the line of
diamonds, jewelry, and rich fancy goods, for the assortment shown is unusually complete in every department,
and what is more, the prices quoted are remarkably low,
Fancy Goods.
—
Jlr. Hodsdon was
considering the quality of the goods.
born in Dover, and is well known throughout the city.
The premises occupied are located at No. 444 Central
Avenue, and is shared with Mr. Cash, dealer in boots and
Some very beautiful designs in jewelry and fancy
shoes.
goods, are offered to select from, and the most fastidious
cannot fail to find articles to please them at this establishment, for not only a full line of staple goods is carried,
but also many of the latest and most fashionable novelties
Wliile especial attention
in jewelry, watches, clocks, etc.
is paid to the quality of the optical goods dealt in, eye
glasses and spectacles suited to all defects of vision being
The proprietor has with him Mr. Geo.
always on hand.
R. Hodsdon, a practical optician and graduate from Dr.
Five competent
School of Optics, N. Y.
Bucklin's
assistants are employed, and particular care is taken to
representations that are not fully justified bjf the
make no
facts, and hence the most inexperienced buyer may trade
here with the assurance of obtaining just what he pays
Special attention is given to repairing and engraving,
for.
and those who have valuable articles that need cleaning or
repairing, wdl find Jlr. Hodsdon prepared to do the work
in a skillful as well as perfectly satisfaclory manner.
E. Morrill Furniture Co., dealers in Furniture, CarBedding, Dra]ierics. Curtains, and Upholstery Goods.
American Hall Building and 95 Washington Street, Dover,
N. H. The enterprise now conducted by the E. Morrill
Furniture Co., was established about forty years ago by
Mr. Edward Morrill, the present company being organIt is composed of Messrs Henry J. Grimes
ized in 1889.
and Mr. Charles E. Cate, these gentlemen are natives of
Dover, and both are too well known in the vicinity to
render extended personal mention necessary. This company occupy premises consisting of a furniture store including three floors at No 95 Washington street, alsoa
pets,
—
factory about 7.000 square feet in dimensions, located in
Accuracy and economy are
the American Hall Building.
combined in the various processes of production, and
e.\plain3 in a great
supDiy thoroughly
measure the ability of the company to
goods at bottom prices. Em-
first-class
is given to thoroughly competent assistants iiii
compauj' doing one of the largest,
business in furniture transacted in New Hampshire. The
heaviest orders can generally be filled at very short notice,
and it is worthy of note that durability as well as appearance is provided for in the construction of all work
done at the factory, the stock being carefully selected and
every detail of the work is executed under intelligent
supervision. The legitimate result of such methods, is to
be seen in the large and increasing demand for the company's goods.
The stock dealt in comprises furniture,
carpets, bedding, draperies, curtains, and upholstery goods,
and the public will find that no more popular and desirable
goods can be obtained than those offered by this enterprising company.
ployment
botii establishments, the
A. T. Ramsdell, Architect, 450 Central Avenue,
National Block, Dover, N. H. There are many advantages gained by obtaining the services of a competent
architect, and in the large majority of instarces it is much
cheaper to employ such aid than to try to get along without it. This is true, whether a dwelling house, a factory
—
is to be built, and in a somewhat extended
we have yet to see the man who regretted
employing a skillful architect, while we can recall many
cases where an opposite course was bitterly regretted, we
or a warehouse
experience
take pleasure in calling attention to the facilities otTered
by Mr. A. T. Uamsdell, for he is thoroughly well equipped
to practice his profession and is very careful in his methods and regardful of the best inlere'sts of his clients. He
is a native "of York, Maine, and began operations in Dover
His oflice is located at No. 450 Central avenue,
in 1889.
in National Block, and all communications to th-.it address
Plans and
are assured prompt and painstaking attention.
specifications will be drawn up al very short notice, and
putting the ideas of patrons
particular attention is given to
as to construction, arrangement, etc., into practical and
convenient form. The work of building will be personally
supervised if desired, and the contractors kept strictly up
to their agreements as regards material, workmanship, etc.
Richard A. Drew, Carriage Making and Repairing.
Broadway, Dover. N. H.— People have been so often told
that a thoroughly built vehicle was the cheapest as well as
the best, and that it is always advisable to place orders for
anything of this kind with" a thoroughly reliable concern,
that it would seem entirely uncalled for to repeat such
advice were it not for the fact that the sale of cheap and
worthless wagons and carriages is steadily increasing. If
these vehicles gave satisfaction, or anythiUit approaching.
�lUSroiUCAL SKETCH OF OHEAT FALLS.
we woulJ
liave notliing to say against tliem,
is tliey are made merely to sell, and are not
only the most expensive but also the most dangerous to
•Satisfaction,
but the fact
use in the long run. Compare them with the carriages
that are made by Mr. Richard A. Drew, and the difference
is plain even to one who has not had much experience in
the seleclion of such articles, and the longer the vehicles
are put to practical use the greater will be the ditlerence in
Mr. Drew is a native of Barriugton, N.
their appearance.
H., and has carried on his present business in Dover since
1839.
The premises occupied are located on Broadway
and are of the ilimensions of 30 X 40 feet, they are tilted
up with in\proved tools and other facilities to enable firstclass work to be done ai short notice as well as at moderMr. Drew is in a position to guarantee entire
ate rates.
Carriage making and repairing
satisfaction to customers.
of all kinds will be done in a careful and durable manner
at very reasonable prices.
O. L. Churbuck, Exchange Market, Meat, Fish and
"Vegetables, Canned Goods, etc., No. 6 Third Street, near
The trade in meat, fi.«h
5'ranklin Square, Dover, N. H.
—
37
and vegetables has long been one of Dover's leading
sources of wealth, and the establishments devoted to thii
line of business here located will compare favorably as
regards resources and general standing with anj' in the
State.
Some of them have of course special claims upon
the favor of the public, and that carried on by Mr. Orlando
\j. Churbuck is of particular interest from the fact tliat it
is one of the most ably managed in the city.
This establishment was originally founded by Mr. K. S. Trask. who
was succeeded in 1886 by Messrs. Seavey & Randall, and
they in 1888, by tiie present proprietor. Mr. Churbuck
was born in tliis city and it is unnecessary to add, needs
The premises
no introduction to our Dover readers.
occupied are located at No. 6 Third street, and known as
the Exchange Market.
It is about 800 scpiare feet in
dimensions.
A. very large stock is constantly carried, Mr.
Clinrbuck being an extensive retail dealer in fresh and salt
meats of all kinds also fresh and shell- fish, vegetables,
canned goods, etc. Employment is given to four competent assistants and the business is so thoroughly systematized that every order is assured immediate and careful
attention.
Mr. Churbuck keeps three teams constantly
employed in delivering goods.
;
HISTORICAL SKETCH OF GREAT FALLS.
The
village of Great Falls is located in the town of Somerswortb, which was originally a part of
but was set off and incorporated as a separate parish by an act passed December 19, 1729.
The first settlement in the territory comprised within the original town was made about 200 years
ago, in 10-30, or perhaps a year or so earlier, and about 1634 a saw mill and a " stamping mill for
3I)over,
come "
(as
it
is
described in the early records) were built at Salem Falls in the present town of
The first settlement
is made up of territory set apart from Somersworth in 1849.
Rollinsford, which
within the present limits of the town was made about 1670, near Ilussey's Pond, so it will be seen that
the section afterward incorporated as Rollinsford had a start of about forty years over the northern
section
and for many years the " meeting house," the " training
;
the parish and town of Somersworth were located close by \vhat
is
lot,"
now
and the centre of business of
Rollinsford Junction.
The original township of Dover comprised so large a territory that the residents of the more
remote portions found themselves greatly inconvenienced, and in 1729 the inhabitants of the north-eastern section asked to be set off as a separate parish, for reasons clearly presented in the following
petition
:
"The
petition of the subscribers inhabitants of
humbly sheveth
— That
the
North East part of the town of Dover,
the dwelling places of yo' petitioners are at a great distance from the houses
worship of God in the town of Dover where your petitioners live by which their attendance thereon is rendered very difficult more especially to the women and children of their families and
that in the winter season and in stormy weather, So yt they cannot pay that Honour and Worship to
<Tod in publick as it is their heart's desire they could, therefore for the advancing the interest of
Religion and for the Accommodation of yo'' Petitioners it is humbly prayed by them that your
Excellency and the Honourable Assembly will please to sett them off as a Parrish for the maintaining
tahe public worship of God amongst themselves and that they be dismiss'd from the Town of Dover as
-of the public
�HISTORICAL SKETCH OF GREAT FALLS.
38
to the supporting of the Settled Ministei' there,
And
that the
Bounds of
that tlieir Parish
may
begin?
Cocheco river, and from thence to run to Varney's Hill and front
thence the Town bounds on a North West point of the Compass & Your Petitioners shall ever pray
as in duty bound," etc.
at the Gulfs a place so called at
The
in the house of representatives, April 25, 1729, but action was delayed on?
was not until December 19, 1T29, that the parish was incorporated.
The first minister was the Reverend James Pike, who had began preaching in this part of DoverHe lived to a ripe old age and was thein the latter part of 1727 and was regularly ordained in 1730.
" guide, consoler and friend " of the people of Somersworth for more than sixty years, his last sermon»
being delivered in 1790. Mr. Pike was a very powerful man, a fact which was of much service to
petition
was read
various accounts so that
it
I5ird's-Eye
[
him
in
the settlement of disputes.
happened upon two men who were
mary
It
View of Great
Falls.
Fi-om High School Building.]
is
said
fighting.
that he and another minister in the course of a waltr
The combat was brought
to an abrupt
end by a sum-
separation of the fighters, each minister taking one bodily upon his shoulders and walking ofT
with him. Mr. Pike made every one in his large parish his personal friend, and meagre as his salary
was he refused to accept any of it during the hardest period of the Revolution. About all the legal
documents of the parish and town relating to that time were written by him.
The parish became a town April 29, 1754, and by the setting apart of Rollinsford, July 3, 1849^
the township was reduced to its present size.
Somersworth was a prosperous and quite largely populated town when the Revolution broke out,,
although the number of inhabitants had diminished somewhat during the preceding decade, thfc
population being 1044 in 1767 and but 965 in 1775.
�HISTORICAL SKETCH OF GREAT FAILS.
39
" voted thai twenty men immediraeetiiK' was held Fiiilay, April 21, 1775, at vvliich it was
march from town to meet the enemy, and those who shall go shall have wages." Liberal bounbefore the war was over.
ties were voted from time to time and more than fifty men were furnished
In 1783 the total population was but 888, eighteen of that number being negroes.
There were 285 buildings in town, 126 dwelling houses and 159 barns. The people \verc very
progress from
poor, and the unsettled condition of affairs following the Revolution prevented much
being made, so nothing of special note occurred until 1820, when Isaac Wendell came from Dover,
A
ately
—
purchased the privileges at the Great Falls, together with a large area of land adjoining the privileges
goods.
on both sides of the Salmon Falls River his idea being to establish the manufacture of cotton
This scheme was destined to revolutionize the quiet old town and to give birth to one of the most
beautiful and prosperous villages in New England.
A saw-mill and grist-mill had been built at this point in 1750, by Andrew Horn, who bought all
"
the land in the vicinity, and the name of " the Great Falls had been given to this part of the stream
from
years before because the largest fall on the Salmon Falls River is here located, the water dashing
;
ledge to ledge down a distance of a hundred feet or more.
Mr. Wendell erected a wooden building for a cotton factory, carding houses, work shops for the
High Street, Great Falls.
this property being purchased in 1823 by the Great Falls
Manufacturing Company, which had been incorporated June 11th of that year with a chartered capital
of $500,000. The corporation held its first meeting at Dover, July 10, 1823, Abraham Wendell being
elected president, and Jacob Wendell treasurer.
A contract was made with Isaac Wendell to furnish by the following January 1,280 cotton
spindles, with all other machinery essential to the production of cotton goods, at $25 per spindle,
W'endell to receive for this contract and for the property previously described the sum of $70,224.18.
He was also made resident agent of the corporation. At this time there were but two dwelling houses
on the site of the present village.
In 1824 a second cotton factory of 4000 spindles was built, and in 1825 a woolen mill, having a
capacity for producing 200 yards of fine broadcloth daily was erected. Another building was
In 1826 the charter was so
utilized for carpet weaving and as a woolen picker and dyeing house.
amended as to authorize a capital of §1,000,000, and in 1827 it was again amended, the authorized
building of cotton machinery, and a store
capital
becoming $1,500,000
at
;
which amount
it
still
remains.
The company made every
effort
to
�UISTORICAL SKETCH OF GREAT FALLS.
40
woolen maiitifacturiiig on a paying basis expensive experiments being carried out and
goods being produced that compared favorably in texture, color and finish with the finest fabrics then
imported but the business was found to be unprofitable and was gradually discontinued, the manufacture of carpets being given up in 1833, and in January of the following year the directors were
empowered to stop the production of all woolen goods. All the stock and machinery were sold by
July, 1835, and cotton machinery was substituted.
The work of improving the water power, adding machinery and otherwise developing the undertsftking went steadily on and by 1859 the company had seven mills, 83,120 spindles, and 2120 looms.
Steam power was first utilized in 1849, when a 180-horse engine was put into operation.
A reservoir for water for fire purposes and ordinary uses in the mills was built on Prospect Hill,
at a cost of $100,000, in 1S64; and water pipes have since been laid through all the chief streets in
the village, the service being very efficient for the extinguishing of fires as the water has a " head " of
establish
;
;
,
some 130
feet.
Great Falls and Dam From Berwick
Side.
adding new buildings, substituting
new stone dam was
built in place of the old wooden one on the upper level, and the Milton Three Ponds dam was
The whole amount expended for this and other work from 1870 to 1874 exceeded
raised two feet.
$900,000. The mills have been consolidated from time to time, and a striking illustration of the
extent to which this has been carried out is afforded by the fact that only three mills are now
operated as compared with seven mills in 1S59, but these three mills contain nearly 115,000 spindles
and nearly 3000 looms, while the seven mills contained but 83,120 spindles and 2120 looms.
Employment is given to from 1800 to 2200 operatives, and between twenty and thirty million
yards of shirtings and sheetings are produced annually.
The company control one of the most extensive and valuable water privileges in New Hampshire,
it being estimated that there is about 4,000 horse-power on the three levels at Great Falls.
A large
amount of steam-power is also available, so the mills can be run to excellent advantage under all
Between 1866 and 1869 some $700,000 were expended
in
turbine for breast-wheels, and in otherwise improving the plant, and in 1872 a
�niSloniCAL SKETCH OF GRKAT
41
is president of liie coipoiatidii, J. Howard Xicliols is treasurer,
The selling agents are Minot, Hooper & Co., of Boston.
Somersworth Machine Company is another corporation which has done much to build u]) the
circumstances.
George P.
and Charles H. Plummer,
Tiie
FAI^LS.
G:irilner
agent.
town during the past forty years. It was incorporated in 1848 but did not begin business until 1851,
when the manufacture of the once-famons " White Mountain " wood stove was begun at Salmon Falls.
This stove was for a long time the best and most popular in the market, -ind even now a demand
exists for it.
The company still manufacture stoves and ranges of all kinds, together with furnaces,
sinks and hollow ware at Salmon Falls
and at Great Falls and Dover they manufacture pulleys,
employment being given to si.\ty men at
•shafting and hangers, and iron castings of all descriptions
;
;
the Great Falls works. O. S.
The Great Falls Woolen
They
Brown is president of this corporation and E. H. Gilman is treasurer.
Company was organized in 1S62 and its mills were completed in 1863.
Woodvale, about a mile-and-a-half from Great Falls village, and are very finely
up for the manufacture of fancy cassimeres and other woolens. Employment is given to from
75 to 100 assistants, and the total value of the annual product approximates $300,000.
are located at
fitted
View of Dam Fkom Great Falls
Side.
The Great Falls Gas Company originated with the Great Falls Manufacturing Company and is
said to have been the first gas company incorporated in New Hampshire, the necessary act having
%een passed June
The service is reliable and efficient and is very generally utilized.
29, 1850.
The manufacture of boots and shoes seems destined to become a very important local industry
and even now is extensively carried on here, a single firm, that of C. D. Packer & Sons, employing
400 hands and producing from 2300 to 2500 pairs daily. This enterprise was not inaugurated until
1885 and its immediate and decided success affords significant indication of the advantages of the
village as a manufacturing centre.
Tanning is also largely carried on here and so are wood-working and stone-working, there being
-extensive and valuable granite deposits in the immediate vicinity of the village.
The banking facilities are excellent, being furnished by the Great Falls National Bank and the
Somersworth Savincrs I3ank.
�HISTORICAL SKETCU OF OREAT FALLS.
42
The former was incorporated as a Slate bank in 1846 and reorganized under the national banking
laws in 1865. It has a capital and surplus exceeding 8200,000, and the bank building is equipped with
burglar-proof vault, safe and locks, costing more tlian ten thousand dollars.
The Somersworth Savings Bank was incorporated in 1845 and has been and is of great bendfit toIt is very ably managed and its affairs are in a most prosperous condition^ thethe village and town.
total
surplus profits amounting to iSl02,532.23
January
1,
1890,
the increase for the
year being^
17,272.84.
As a trade centre Great Falls has a more than local reputation, for the stores of the village are
numerous, commodious, varied in kind and excellent in character. The magnitude of the trade
enjoyed and the excellence of the railway facilities enabling local merchants to buy cheap and sell
cheap, a fact very generally appreciated by the residents of adjoining sections as well as of thi»town. The stocks carried are large, varied and very carefully and skillfully chosen, and it is but
simple justice to say that the merchants of Great Falls as a whole have a thoroughly well-deserved
reputation for practicing strictly legitimate methods and selling goods on their true merits, the
natural result being that their trade is established on a sound and permanent basis.
—
Few
villages offer
more varied
attractions as a place of residence
;
the magnitude and diversity of
the local industries affording exceptional opportunities for obtaining congenial and remunerative
employment, and the cost of living being low both
as regards rents
and the prices of clothing and
food products.
The climate
make
fied as to
is
healthful and agreeable, and the surface of the country round about
the scenery notable for
its
is
so diversi-
beauty even when compared with that of other
New
Hampshire towns.
The
school system
well-considered and efficiently conducted so that ample opportunity
is givea
an excellent library in town, knowa
as the Manufacturers and Village Library, and containing some nine thousand volumes.
It wasorganized in 1841 and during its nearly half-century of existence has been of very great benefit to the-
is
for the obtaining of a good
common
school education, and there
is
community.
Several of the more prominent religious bodies have large and prosperous church societies
and take it all in all the village lacks nothing
England manufacturing community.
Great
Falls,
to
make
it
a fine example of a typical
lit-
Newr
�;
LEADING BUSINESS MEN OF GREAT FALLS.
—
Somersworth Savings Bank, Great Falls, N.H. It is obvious that knowledge of a perfectly secure and reasonably
remuueralive means of investment is of great aid to one
desirous of saving money, for when a safe and profitable
place of deposit for small sums is known to one he is
encouraged to go ahead and put by everj' dollar of his
surplus earnings, first, because "money makes money,"
and a snug sum will soon accumulate with the aid' of
interest, and second, because every man worthy of the
name wants to secure his dependents and himself against
being dependent upon charity in case of sickness or other
trouble.
Therefore the Somersworth Savings Bank has
unquestionably been the means of causing many thousands
of dollars to be .saved during tiie forty-five years of its
existence, for it has alwaj-s stood high in the confidence of
the public and that confidence has never been abused, but.
on the contrary, been more fully deserved with every
succeeding year. At the present time tliere is more than
one million dollars on deposit in this institution, and the
surplus over all liabilities is such as to prove very conservative management and to indicate that no safer place of
deposit can be found in New England.
This impression
will be conflrmed by an examination of the following
statement, issued April 1, 1890
:
LIABILITIES.
Due
depositors
.|1,041,61(!
Guarantee fund
Undivided earnings
64
48,000.00
47, .530. 76
Premium
43.371.00
RESOURCES.
Loans on real estate
Loans on personal security
Loans on collateral security
State bonds
County, city, town and
district
bonds
Bank
stock
Railroad bonds
Other bonds
Real estate
Cafh
$1,180,508.40
Market value.
1135.586.19
33,841.54
49,110.00
12,000.00
549,481.00
63.300.00
245, 150.00
24,000.00
68,478.29
20,561.38
$1,180,508.40
is
That the progress of the bank is " upward and onward "
shown by the increase in surplus profits, as given below:
President.
ISAAC CHANDLER.
Vice-Presidents.
EDWARD HARGRAVES,
Secretary
ALBERT
A.
J.
STICKNET..
and Treasurer.
A.
PERKINS.
I^-usiees.
ISAAC CHANDLER,
EDWARD HARGRAVES,.
A. STICKNEY,
O. J. BAGLEY,
6. JAMESON,
H. C. GILPATRICK,
JESSE R. HORNE,
SAMUEL A. SEAVEY.
J.
THOMAS
The Great Falls National Bank, corner Market and'
Prospect Streets, Great Falls, N. H. The banking facilities of Great Falls are at least equal to those of any community of no greater size in the State, and indeed it is
probable that they exceed those available in the majority
—
of villages of similar population.
There are reasons for
this gratifying condition of affairs of course, but it is not
within our province to consider them here, our present
purpose being to call attention to the excellence and comprehensiveness of the service offered by the Great Falls
National Bank, the oldest bank of discount and deposit in
town, and one which has been of inestinjable service in
aiding in the development of local and adjacent resources.
It was incorporated nearly half a century ago, being organized as a State bank in 1845, and receiving a national
charter twenty years later.
The institution has ever been
ably and conservatively managed, and as a natural consequence has steadily held the full confidence of the public,
but conservatism has never been allowed to degenerate
into stagnation, the management being progressive as well
as prudent.
The banking rooms are located at the corner
of Market and Prospect streets, and are very completely
and conveniently fitted up, the equipment including a burglarproof vault, safe and locks costing more than §10,000.
In this connection it is pertinent to note that the bank will
receive any amount of money and issue certificates of
deposit, pa.yable only to the order of the depositor, and on
demand. As fire proof safes afford no protection against
the professional burglars who infest the country and make:
the keeping of any considerable sum in one's house positively dangerous, the value of this service is obvious.
Deposits subject to check at sight are also received, and in
short a general banking business is done
checks, draftsand coupons being cashed and received on deposit. Draffson Boston, good throughout this country and Canada, sold
at moderate rates.
Orders for the purchase or sale of all
marketable stocks and bonds in Boston or New York markets executed, etc.
('ollections are a.ssured prompt attention, blank forms being furnished on application.
The
banking hours are from 9 to 13 a. m., and 3 to 4 p. m.
daily, with the exci-ption of Saturday afternoon, when the
bank is closed. The institution has a capital and surplus
of §300,000, and its financial condition is excellent in every
respect.
The officers are as follows
President, AlbertA. Perkins
Cashier, J. A. Stickney
Directors, Joseph
A. Stickney, William S Tibbets, John C. Lothrop, Isaac
Chandler. Albert A Perkins, John W. Bates, S. Augut us;
SURPLUS PROFITS.
January
January
January
January
January
January
January
1,
1
,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1884
1885
1886
1887
1888
1889
1890
$65,193.45
68,303 61
74,133.28
76.945.87
86.380.18
95,359.39
103,533.33
These figures tell their own story, and if further assurance of ths standing of the institution be nee cd it may be
in the names of those identified with its management, as this is in the hands of men prominent in financial
and general business circles and widely known as prudent
investors the officers for the current j-ear being as follows
found
:
:
;
Seave}'.
;
�—
—
LEADING BUSINUSS MEN OF GREAT FALLS.
-44
Wimpfheimer
&
Company,
dealers in
Dry and Fancy
corner Main and Fore Streets, Great Falls, N. H
forty five years since Mr. A. VVimpflieiuier
started this Uoiise as a "dealer in dry and fancy goods of all
kinds.
In 1866 he was succeeded by Wimpfheimer Bros.
Co. The present firm of Wimpfheimer & Co. assumed
control in 1873. This establishment certainly merits prominent mention among the enterprising firms of tliis section
as a represeatative business undertaking in this class of
trade.
Energetic men who believe in building up their
trade by honesty and fair dealing, are sure to accomplish
their desired project and will sooner or later obtain a large
and remuner.itive patronage, which is not to be obtained
in anj' other way.
It did not take long for this liouse to
gain popularity or custom and this has been retained
through the several changes of firms and managements,
and it stands to-day as an example of well direcfeii energy
and application to business The premises con.sists of two
floors, one J4xC0 feet in dimensions, the other 24x-t0 feel.
Employment is given to four competent assistants The
jstock is large and varied, comprising foreign and ilomestic
dry goods in almost endless variety.
We heartily recommend this establishment to the attention of our readers as
an excellent one for those who wi.sh to supply themselves
with really good and desirable articles. They will not be
disappointed.
<jrOf)ds,
It
is
now
&
afterwards working in New York City, and in Haverhill,
Weymouth, and Quincy, Mass. Was afterwards cutter
for H. Vesehoff, one of New Hampshire's best known
tailors, whom he left in 1878 to enter business in his own
name and established bis present business in Great Falls
in 1878.
He occupies premises located in Burleigh Block,
on High street, comprising a store and work room of the
respective dimensions of 20 X "10 and 18 X 50 feet, and
employs from
fifteen
to
twenty competent assistants
being prepared to fill all orders at short notice. Mr. DuffiU's prices are uniformly moderate, and as his work is
strictly first class we have no hesitation in guaranteeing
satisfaction to all who may lake advantage of the facilities
he offers.
James & Sons, Tea and Coffee Store, High Street.
Great Falls, N. H
The admirably equipped store known
by the name of James & Sons' lea and coffee store, is in
all respects an excellent and noteworthy house and is one
of the finest and best ordered concerns devoted to this
important branch of commercial activity in Great Falls,
where patrons niaj* at all limes feel assured of receiving
only first class goods and the most courteous treatment.
—
one of the old establishments, liaving been conducted
for about ten years, when the firm
& Sons and has so continued for
about twenty years, thns having been known to this vicinity for thirty years.
A large stock is carried comprising
every thing usually kept in a first class grocery.
Three
floors and basement, each 15 X '"iO feet in dimensions, are
required for this stock. Mr. A. H. James is well known as
breeder of Light Brahmas and Pekin Ducks.
He also
sells eggs for hatching and is manufacturer of Oiange
Farm Eig Food. Mr. Samuel James with his sons A. H.
and L. M. James, who constitute the firm, are natives of
Lebanon, Maine. Orders are filled in the most careful and
accurate manner. Mr. A. H. James also makes a specialty
of raising strawberry plants in great variety for market
It is
by Mr. Samuel James
name became James
;
the
demand
for
them h
is
becone quite extensive.
Thomas
The Cash Tailor, Burleigh Block,
Bind Stand, Great Falls, N. H.—
no question but that it "pays" to be well dressed
when one's occupation is such that "good clothes" can be
wora without injury, for appearances go for a good deal
High
P. Duffill,
Street, opposite
Tliere
is
in business as in social atlairs, and, other things being
equil, the well-dressed man will make a much more favorable impre.ssion, sell more goods, and attract a more desirable class of customers than one who is shabby and slouchy
This may seem singular to some of our
in his apparel.
readers, but it is a fact, nevertheless, and one that many
•successful business men appreciate and profit by. The
residents of Great Falls and vicinity are very favorably
situated to obtain first class clothing at moderate rates,
:and no local establishment does more valuable service in
this direction than that conducted by Mr. Thomas P.
Dufiill, for he is an experienced and skillful merchant
tailor, carries a fine assortment of imported and domestic
fabrics and is prepared to make garments te order in
accordance with the latest dictates of fashion, the workmanship, trimmings, lit, and style being satisfactory to
the most
critical.
He was
born in England, where he
.learned his trade, working on the bench with his father
Great Falls Hotel, Henry S. Gray, Proprietor oppoBoston and Maine Depot, Great Falls, N. H
It is
important to have gool hotel accommodations in any
community, but particularly so in such a place as Great
Falls, for there are lew if any towns of no greater popu;
site
—
which are called upon to entertain so
many non-residents at all seasons of the year. Great
Falls is not only an important manufacturing and mercantile centre, but also a very popular summer resort, and
when we come to sum up the number who visit here on
business or pleasure trips in the course of a year the result
The Great Falls Hotel average a very large
is surprising.
amount of arrivals per annum, and the prospects are
that this average will be materially increased in the near
future, for not only are more being attracted to Great
Falls every year but a larger proportion are putting up at
this house, which, under its present management ranks
with the most popular in this vicinity. Mr. Henry S. Gray,
the proprietor, is a native of New Durham, N. H., and
has had charge of the Great Falls Hotel since 1882, the
house having been orignally established over sixty years
ago.
He makes no extravagiint announcements and does
not profess to give two dollars worth of accommodation
for every dollar paid, but he does take pains to see that
each patron gets full value for his money and he spares no
effort to keep his hotel in first-class condition throughout,
and to promote the comfort of his guests in all possible
ways. The beds are comfortable, the bill of fare varied
and abundant and the service prompt and efficient, so the
popularity of the Great Falls Hotel is not at all difficult to
account for. The hotel contains fifty guest rooms, and
the dining room has a seating capacity for a very large
number. The house is centrally and conveniently located
opposite the Boston and Maine depot, it is heated bj- steam
and lighted by electricity, and offers many solid advantages to both commercial travelers and pleasure tourists.
lation in the State
�a
LEADING BUSINESS MEN OF OREAT FALLS.
F. C.
Ham,
Druggist, No. 3 Fore Street, Great Falls,
business couducted by Mr. F. C. Ham has
present position for so long a time that it is safe to
saj' no one at all familiar with Great Falls cau be unacquainted with it. This business was started several years
ago by Mr. F. C. Ham, and in 1883 Mr. Chas. E. Cater
entered the employ of the proprietor and in 1888 became
manager.
There is probably no other branch of trade
known to commerce in wliich so great a responsibility is
incurred as there is in that carried on by the dniggist.
Dealing as he does in drugs and chemicals unfamiliar to
the general public, many of which agents are deadly in
their effects wlien used in certain quantities, or when combined improperly with olher materials, he must rely absolutely and entirely on the knowledge, care and skill of
himself and employees for the assurance, that by no fault
of his, or those for whom he is morally, if not legally
responsible, shall the life, or even the comfort, of theliundreds whom he daily serves, be endangered. This store
managed by Mr. Cater is an example of what a prescription pharmacist's should be.
The premises are 20 X 40
feet in dimensions, and contain a valuable stock of drugs
and chemicals.
He has also a good assortment of toilet
articles and fancy goods such as are generally to be found
in a first-class store of this kind.
Customers are served
promptly and carefully. Mr. F. C. Ham is a resident of
South Berwick. Me., and is worthy the confidence of the
public whom he so faithfully serves.
N. H.
held
— The
its
Thomas Morgan, Groceries, South Street, Great Falls,
II.
One wlio has had a long and variid e.xperiene in
the grocery business in Great Falls ought to be well qualified to cater to the demands of local trade, and the popularity of the establishment conducted by Mr. Thomas
Jlorgan affords convincing evidence that the experience of
its proprietor has not been thrown away, and also shows
that the residents of Great Falls and vicinity are prompt
to recognize efficient and reliable service.
Mr. Morgan
founded his present enterprise in 1880, and is so well
known throughout this section as to make extended personal mention entirely unnecessary.
He gives very close
supervision to eveiy detail of the "business, is where business expenses are very low and customers are accorded
the benefit, and as only thoroughly competent assistants
are employed, orders can be promptly and accurately filled
at all times in spite of the magnitude of the trade.
Spacious premises are occupied on South street, and a
very heavy stock of staple and fancy groceries, teas, coffees and spices, etc., is always on hand to choose from
the goods being especially selected for family trade and
being guaranteed to prove just as represented. The prices
are invariably as low as the lowest, quality considered, and
the service is so carefully systematized that delay or mistake
in tlie delivery ot orders is of very rare occurrence
point experienced housekeepers will thoroughly appreN.
—
:
—
ciate.
A. D. Paunce & Son, Furnishing Undertakers, manuand dealers in CofHns. Caskets, Rolies, Habits,
Flowers loose or made in any shape for Funeral
Decorations.
Salesroom
Rollins Block, High Street,
Residence, Highland St.. Great Falls, N. H.— Mr. A. D.
Faunce has been engaged in the undi rtaking business in
tlii-5 town for the past fourteen years, during which time
he lias become widely and favorably known throughout
this section, and has attained a high reputation for promptness, reliability and good taste in the discharge of the
difl3cult and responsible duties which an undertaker is
called upon to perfrrm.
Mr. A. D. Faunce succeeded Mr.
Benj. Hill in business in 1876, and in 1883 admitted his
son. Mr. A. L. Faunce, as partner.
These gentlemen are
both natives of Oxford, Maine, and have actively interested themselves in public as well as in business affairs of
Great Falls. Mr. A. L. Faunce served in the Army durour late southern war.
Messrs. A. D. Faunce & Son's
facturers
etc.
:
45:-
salesroom and workshop are located in RoUin's Block,
Higli street.
A heavy and very carefully chosen stock is.
constantly carried, for this firm ar(^ furnishing \indertakers,
and manufacturers as well as dealers in coflins, caskets,
robes, habits, etc.
They are prepared lo furnish anything
in
their line at short noti('e.
Also flowers, loose or
made in any shape for funeral decorations. Their residence is on Highland street, and orders left here or at their
salesroom are assured prompt and careful attention.
-
E. W. Folsom, Jeweler and Optician, Watches, Clocks,
Silver and Plaled Ware, No. 8 Main Street,
opposite B. & i\I. Depot, Great Falls, N. H.— The stock
offered for sale by Mr. E. W. FoLsom at his spacious store
at No. 8 Main street, is remarkably attractive and tlie
more closely it is examined the more attractive it becomes,
for it is made up of goods that have been obtained from
the most reliable sources and are fully guaranteed to prove
as represented.
No detailed description of it is possible
within the limited space at our command, for it is as varied
as it is extensive and includes full lines of watches, clocks,,
jewelry, silver and plated ware, sporting gooels, etc.
Inspection is cordially invited, and our readers will find
the time spent in looking over this stcck both profitableand pleasant. The goods are displayed to excellent advantage and callers are sure of receiving prompt and courteous attention, while the prices quoted are strictly in
accordance with the lowest market rates. This house is of
very long standing, having been founded in 18"i0 b}' Mr.
S. B. Cole, who was succeeded in 1870 by Mr. A. F.
Chandler. In 187.5 Folsom &, Foss assumed control of the
Jewelry,
•
businessandsocontinuedunlill878 when Mr. E.W. Folsom
became sole proprietor.
The premises occupied will
measure 18 X -iO feet in dimensions. Employment isgiven^
to three competent assistants, thus assuring prompt altention to customers.
Mr. Folsom gives his personal attention to his business for which he is admirably adapted.
E. A Tibbets <& Son, wholesale and retail dealers in
Hardware, Paints, Oils and Varnishes, Carpenters', Mechanics' and Manufacturers' Tools and Supplies, and
every variety of Carriage Wood and Iron Work
Steam
;
.
Fitting a specialty
Plumbers' Sujiplies a specialty; Great
Falls, N. H.
There aie few if any business centres having a larger proportion of old established enterprises ihao
Great Falls, but the underlaking conducted by Messrs. E.
A, Tibbets & Son is exceptional for the length of time it
has Ijeen carried on, even in that community of time honored establishments.
The business in question having
been founded about half a century ago. "The earliest proprietor being Mr. Luther C. Tibbets, who founded it in
1841, the firm name being changed in 1845 to Tibbets &
Brooks, and again in 1847 to Tibbets Brothers, the present
firm assuming control in 1881.
It is constituted of Mr. E.
A. Tibbets, a native of South Berwick, Me and his son,
Mr. W. S. Tibbets, of Great Falls.
Mr. E. A.Tibbet.shas held the office of representative of Great Falls, and
both members of the firm are so well known in this vicinity as to render extended personal mention unnecessary.
The business, which is both wholesale and retail, has
reached very large proportions, but has by no means attained its lull growth yet. for its development is still
steadily going on, and with a continuance of present
—
;
;
,
•
methods can hardly
fail to keep doing .so.
The premises
floors, 24x49 feet each in dimensions,
Great Falls in addition to a spacious
storeroom in Berwick. A very heavy stock is constantly
carried, made up of liardware, paints, oils and varnishes.
Also carpenters', mechanics' and manufacturers' tools and
supplies, as well as agricultural tools of all kinds. A large
assortment of plumbers' supplirs are also dealt in, and a
specialty is made of steam fitting and every variety of
carriage wood and iron work.
Employment is given to
thoroughly competent assistants, and small as well a»>
large buyers are assured iminediale and painslaking atten-
in use
comprise four
and a storehouse
tion.
in
�LEADING BUSINESS MEN OF GREAT FALLS.
*
°°'
Main Street, Great
p » *?t°T?°''t" »ery natural
that particular confidence
.",',, ",—"'?
sliouUI be placed in a druggist who is thorouglily
educated
in his business, for although we are
happv to say that the
large majority of our
Hampshire
^'•"gg'sts,
New
'pharmacists are
educated, competent and reliable men, still
there is a prevailing impression that he who tills such
a responsible and
exacting position as that held by a dispenser of
drugs and
medicines to the general public, cannt)t liuow
too much
concerning the properties and effects of the
agents he handles
Consequently the popularity of the establishment
-conducted by Z Piovencher& Co., on jMain street,
is not to
be wondered at in the least, for Mr. Provencher
is master of
his profession.
This business was established in 1887 by
Ager .t Provencher, then the present proprietors
succeeded them
in 1890, and have become
widely and liivorin this vicinity.
The premises occupied bv
are 32
50 feet in dimensions, and contain
Unown
ably
them
and varied
X
a large
stock, made up of drugs, medicines,
chemicafs
toiet articles, and the usual line of selected
fancy goods
to be found in a druggist's store.
The compounding of
physician s prescriptions is given ihemost careful
personal
attention, and we need hardly say
that no trouble is
spared to avoid the least possible error, while
the charges
made are very moderate. A careful assistant is employed
and polite attention is given to every caller.
Dorr & Hobson (.Successors to M. Bates & Co
deal^'^"""' building'. Great
''^]
v!uT^ J;~^'?'' ^''°??. ?°'''^'- now conducted
establishment
by Messrs
^.
£'^;t
Dorr & Hobson is one of the oldest in town, and
allhou-rh
i
•
•comparisons are odious, it woula not be just
the pioo°er
thin.i; to say it is the most reliable,
it is cenainly as trustworthy and popular an establishment as can be
found
in
the entile btate.
Tlie business was founded in 1833 by
Ba-es, the name being changed lo Bates
Son and
then to Moses Bates
Co., ihe present firm assuming full
control of affairs in 1883
The present firm is made up of
Mr L. M. Uorr, a native of Great Falls, and Mr J E
Hobson, of Limerick, Me., and for many years
a resident
of bleep Falls, Me.
They are both so generally known in
Great 1- alls and vicinity that we feel
extended personal
mention would be absurdly superflous. Nor
is any eulogy
of their methods necetsary in these columns,
for
know the men know that their business policythose who
in a nut
shell IS,
lull value for money received,"
and the magnitude ot their trade ^hows how successfully
this is carried
out.
Ihe premises made use of comprise a store 1750
square
and containing a heavy, varied and
'", d'raensious,
'f*-;'
skiUfii ly chosen stock of dry and
fancy goods, the styles
offered comprising the latest novelties as
well as fulf lines
ot stap e goods. The prices are always
in sirict accordance
with the lowest market rates, all classes of
trude being
successfully catered to. and the employment
of three com
petent assistants assures prompt, intelligent
and courteous
attention to every caller.
Moses
&
&
•
being so varied that all tastes and
purses can be suited'^8'^':° 'o '"" efficient assistants, and no
t,-,^fl
r^'"'*"
^^
and
'"
attention to
ovarii fi
A
every caller and to 'Sf,"''' 1"°™P'
till orders in a manner
that will prove
SHt^factory to the most fastidious.
Mr. Hanson was born
needs no e.Ktended personal mention in
these
rni?r^'„°f "w h„s
coumns He
been identified with his present establishment since 1889, having at that time
succeeded the firm
of Hanson & Her.sou.
He has attained a high reputation
as an enterprising and honorable
merchant, and his methpolite
•
comm Jnil™''
'"'
^""''^
P°P"''"' ^'"""S "" <^'asses in the
Daniel Hodsdon, manufacturer of
and dealer in Stoves
and Hanges of every kind
also Plumbing, Roofing and
/"'•'"^'^'^d promptly and at low
prices, 36
Arl';-L , dr^'
Maiket btreet, Great Palls, N. H,-In view
of the great
«'''"™°",^ ^'"-i'-ty
l^ol^V k' f"""d in the market of stoves, ranges and furf
it seems almost incredible
H?.ff nn
that one need not be so very old
to be able to
when stoves were almost unknown outside remember
the larger
;
^'"'- ",""
" "ff°'"-' ^n impressive
e^m'nfe'",'H""''^'
example ol the progress made during the
past quarter of
S''^'*' "'""''''-' no^'adays is to choose satisf.^?n, i'l'/f
factoiily from .'S
the many styles offered, but this
may be
easily overcome by telling a
reputable dealer- of the attending circumstances and being guided
by his advice for
ot course he knows what is
best suited to your pur^"' ^''
'° ^a'i<V his Customers,
,"
i^f'^''''^'
? T'^ ^^ followed than to place the order
wi^l Arl."'i?
with Mr. Daniel Hodsdon, for he is an
extensive dealer in
stoves, ranges and tinware of all
kinds, and not only handles the most popular styles but
has a well earned reputation tor uniformly fair dealing.
Mr. Hodsdon is a native
of Piermont, N. H., and has
been identified with his
lousiness since 1865, it having been established
by
Nnh
r
^f"'!!''"^
Messrs. Pierce & Hodsdon, who were
succeeded by Hods
don Brothers in 1870, the present proprietor,
Mr Daniel
Hodsdon assuming full control of affairs
in 1883
Mr
Hodsdon invented and put in market the Tip
Top rangein eight different styles-in
1880.
Improved same in 1884
and again in 1,S90 said range now being
the most convenient and durable range the
marlwt affords.
Four
thousand of these celebrated ranges have
been sold, and
hundreds
of testimonials been given as to their
value as a
complete cooking apparatus. The premises
are located at
No. 26 Market street, and compri.e one
floor and a basement, each covering an area of 1500
square feet. Besides
carrying a full line of stoves, tinware,
etc., Mr. Hodsdon
IS prepared to do plumbing,
roofing and gas fitting in a
ttioroughly workmanlike manner at
moderate rates
Employment IS given to ten competent assistants,
and all
work undertaken will be most thorouehlv
and satisfac"
torily e.xecuted.
"
^"'S^ •'^"'' Medicines, Orange
H.-Tl.ere are many skillful aid
Hampshire, tho'ugh but few
can be found who can do the good work
with the actual
experience of .1. W. Preston, M. D., who
now Cirries on
the business on Orange street.
This store was opened
many years since, and after several changes it passed
into
the control of J. W. Preston, M. D.,
in1s84. The premises occupied measure
30x50 feet. He carries as carefully
chosen a stock of drugs, medicines and
chemicals as can
be found in this section of the State,
for a
".•- ^-^
H. M.Hanson, dealer in Meats, Provisions,
and Groceries Green street. Great Falls, N.
H.-Although the
advantages of housekeeping lar outweigh its
dis";idvautages, it must be confessed that the
trialS and disappointments of the average housekeeper are many,
and tli.at the
larger portion of them are connected
with the obtainincr of
food supplies, for it is at times very difficult
to
obtain food
and
especially meats, that will prove altocelher
satisfac^
1 his IS by no means entirely the fauft
of the dealer
nevertheless a great saving of time,
money and
patience,_ may be made by trading
with a reputable and
well equipped house, and hence we
feel that we are doins
"?,.o."i' eaders a service
by calling to their attention
f?™?
the facilities possessed by Mr.
J[. Hanson, for furnishing meats, provisions, .and groceries of
standard quality at
the lowest market rates.
The store is located
Gi^en
-street and is suflicieDtly roomy
to accommodate a complete line of the commodities mentioned,
the assortment
tory.
but
H
m
mf' Tr^''^^^^\ N.
bt leet Great Falls,
reliable pharmacists in
made
of
New
specialty
is
the compounding of physicians'
prescriptions
necessary materials and apparatus are at hand
to
enalile such orders to be satisfactorily,
accurately and
and
all
promptly filled at moderate rates. A fine
assortm'ent of
fancy goods, toilet articles, stationery and
notions is also
always at hand to choose fnm. Mr". J. W.
Preston who
IS a native of Canada, formerly
kept a drug store at Bristol, A. H.
He practiced medicine for seventeen years in
Plymouth, making a total practice of thirty-five
that profession.
years ia
�LEADING BUSINESS MEN OF GREAT FALLS.
Chas. F. Blake, dealer in Groceries, Provisions, Countrj'
Produce and Ice, corner Orange and Washington Streets,
Among the various dealers in food
^Great Falls, N. H.
:8iipplies doinp business in ttiis vicinity, jMr. Chas. F. Blnke
should be given prominent mention, tor he is very successful \n catering to all classes of trade, and makes it an
invariable rule to sell goods strictly on their merits, being
-convinced that such a policy is for Ids own interests as
well as for those of his patrons. Judging from the present
•e.xtent and the steadily increasing magnitude of his trade,
his methods are appreciated by the residents of this section.
It is certainly pleasant to note a success won by the emplo}'ment of such a legitimate and liberal policy. His store has
an area of 1,200 square feet and contains a heavy stock of
groceries, provisions and coiintrj' produce, the assortment
being so varied tliat all purses, as well as all tastes, can
•easily be suited.
Ice is also dealt in extensively, and as he
is the only dealer in this commodity in town, the demand
He is prepared to supply this very desirable
is great.
Employment
article in any quantity that may be ordered.
is given to twelve assistants, thus assuring every customer
immediate and courteous attention. Mr. Blake is a native
•of New Hampshire and is well known, having been in the
grocery business about twenty years.
He has also been
selectman.
—
Eastman & Davis, Millinery Novelties. Trimmed Goods
Savings Bank Building, High Street,
Great Falls. N. H.
Were a vote to be taken to establish
tlie comparative popularity of the various mercantile establishments located in Great Falls, it is sure that tlie ladies
would come out very strong in favor of that conducted
xmder the firm name nf Eastman & Davis, for this is of
in great variety.
—
•especial interest to the fair sex, as the firm deal exclusively
in millinery goods and offer inducements which are ver)'
hard to parallel elsewhere. The business was founded in
1889 by the present firm, the individual members of which
are Mrs. E. Eastman, a native of York, Me., and ^liss H.
L. Davis, of Newfield, Me
These ladies have a large circle
of friends and patrons in Great Falls and vicinity. Tliey
:give personal attention to the filling of orders, employing
sufficient assistance to enable commissions to be executed
at short notice. The stock of millinery includes the latest
fashionable novelties as well as trimmed goods in great
variety.
The premises occupied are located in Savings
Bank building. High street, and cover an area of some 800
-square feet.
The prices quoted here will bear the severest
•comparison with those named elsewhere on equally desirable and fashionable goods.
F. A. Hussey, dealer iu Crackers, White Bread, Cake,
and Pastry, Great Falls, N. H. It it were possible to
make
—
first-class bread,
cake and pastry out of second-class
materials, more public bakeries would be worthy of patronage than is now the case, although it is only fair to say
that our New Hampshire bakers will as a class compare
very favorably with those of other States, but still there
are some establishments which deserve special commendation and among these the bakery conducted Mr. F. A.
Hussey holds a leading position.
This was originally
opened by .J. A Locke, who after several changes was succeeded by the present proprietor in 1878.
He is a native
of Great Falls, and knowing his business thoroughly is
enabled to turn out crackers, while bread, cake, and pastry of the finest quality, at prices winch puts his productions within the means of all.
A store is miintained on
High street, and a rapidly growing business is done both
wholesale and retail, orders being accurately filled at short
notice and at the lowest market rates.
This bakery covers
an area of about 1300 square feet, containing a stock
which is so frequently renewed as always to be fresh and
attrarctive.
Mr. Hussey uses first-class materials, also em-ploys six competent assistants, and can safely guarantee
satisfaction to the most fastidious customer
He has
been a member of the board of selectmen, and is highly
leputed thriiiigliDut town as an energetic and reliable
AT
W. H. Tasker, Wall Papers, Borders and Ceiling DecoDrapery Poles, Sash Hods
and Trimmings. Upholstering and Furniture Repairing
Burleigh Block, High
and old Furniture lie-covered.
One of tlie must complete and
Street, Great Falls, N, H.
desirable stocks of imported and domestic wall papers to
be found in Great Fails, is carried Ijy Mr. W. H, Tasker,
located in Burleigh Block, High street, and as he quotes
bottom prices on all the goods he handles, it is well worth
rations, also Curtains, Fixtures,
—
while to visit his establishment when an}-thing in the line
of wall papers, borders and ceiling decorations is wanted.
There is a sufficiently large force of assistants employed,
and callers may depend upon receiving prompt and polite
attention and being given every opportunity to make deliberate and satisfactory choice, while goods are guaranteed in every instance to prove just as represented.
The
latest artistic designs in curtain fixtures, drapery poles,
sash rods and trimmings are included in this stock, and
new styles are constantly being received.
Orders for
upholstering and furniture repairing will be executed in a
superior manner at short notice.
Furniture recovering
forms a very important department of the business, a force
of experienced workmen being" employed and all orders
executeil under a guarantee that botli stock and workmanship shall be strictly first-class, every detail of the work
being done under careful supervision.
John A. Dumas, Dry and Fancy Goods, Small Wares,
Bank Building, High Street, Greait Falls, N. H —We
etc.,
have no fear but whiit the
will agree yfiih us when
in this vicinity is looked
ladies of Great Falls and vicinity
say that no "shopping" tour
as complete unless it includes
we
upon
the establishment conducted by Mr. John A. Dumas on
High street, for this store is in some respects unique and
always offers many attractions impos-iible to find elsevv'here.
And tlien, again, these inducements ate constantly varying because you have visited the store Monday is no reason whj' you cannot profitably visit it again Tuesday or
Wednesday, for the stock is constantly being renewed,
fresli novelties being added at such frequent intervals that
the only way to " keep up with the times," so far as this
popular store is concerned, is to visit it early and often.
The business was originally founded by Mr. S. S. Chick,
Mr.
the present proprietor assuming control in 1887.
Dumas is a native of Canada and is too generally known
hereabouts to render extended personal mention necessary.
He gives close attention to the supervision of affairs, and
spares no pains to maintain the enviable reputation so long
associated with this enterprise. Mr. Dumas is an extensive
retail dealer in dry and fancy goods, small wares, cloaks,
etc, and is prepared to quote the lowest market rates on
;
large or small orders.
The
stock
is
exceptionally varied
and complete and is made up of articles that can safely be
guaranteed to prove as represented. Employment is given
to seven well informed assistants.
&
Smith
Son, dealers in all kinds of Fresli, Pickled and
Fish, Oysters, Lobsters, Clams, Fresh Halibut,
Mackerel and Salmon in their .season, corner of WashingThis business
ton and Green Streets, Great Falls, N. H.
was formerly conducted by Mr. Bradford Jones, who was
succeeded in 187.5 by the present firm of Smith & Son.
They carry on a large trade in fresh oj'sters, fish and
lob.sters, as well as all kinds of fresh, pickled and smoked
halibut,
oysters,
lobsters and clams.
Fresh
fish,
mackerel and salmon in their season.
Those wishing
anything in this line and desiring strictly fresh and
reliable goods at moderate prices would best serve their
own interests by giving tliis enterprising firm a call. This
house is run on true business principles in whicli a genuine spirit of accommodation prevails, and prompt and
courteous attention raaj' be confidently expected by every
patron. The store occupied contains about 300 square
feat, and it is completely fitted for the firstclass retail
Mr. L. E. Smith is a native of
trade carried on here.
Sandwich. N. H.. and his son, Mr. J. L. Smith, was iiorn
Orders are promptly attended to and dein Great Falls.
livered when promised.
Smoked
—
�LEADING BUSINESS MEN OF GREAT FALLS.
48
&
Son, dealers in all kinds of Flour,
C. S Beacham
Grain, Feed and Sliorts, Market Street, Great Falls, N. H.
tbe prominent New Hampshire houses engaged
in the handling of flour, grain, feed, shoris, etc., the tirm
of C. S. Beacham & Son must be given a leading position,
both on account of the magnitude of its business and the
many years that it has been f-uccessfuUy conducted. The
enterprise has been controlled by various firms, among the
earliest being that of Wright & Co., who were succeeded
by Messrs. Blood & Co., who conducted it for many years,
they giving place to the present concern in 1882. It is
composed of Mr. Charles S. Beacham and his son, Mr. 0.
Arthur Beacham. Both these gentlemen are natives of
Ossi'pee, N. H., and are personally well known throughout
Great Falls and vicinity. An exclusively retail business is
done and exceptional facilities are enjoyed for filling the
The premises occupied are
heaviest orders without delay.
located on Market street and cover an area of some 1,470
square feet, and is fitted up with every facility and convenience for handling the stock dealt in, the railroad
running by the rear door. Every order given in person or
sent by either mail or telegraph is assured immediate and
painstaking attention, while the firm are in a position to
quote bottom prices on all the commodities they handle.
— Among
John S. LeGro, dealer in Beef, Pork, Veal, Mutton and
Lamb, Poultry and Vegetables, Washington Street Mar-
H
—
There is no at tide of food that
ket, Great Fails, N.
varies so much in quality as meat, and as a natural conse
quence there is no other kind ol food which is so diflicult
to select, for even experts are deceived sometimes, and it
The only
really impossible to always judge correctly.
sensible way to do is to find the most experienced and
reliable dealer within your reach, tell him just what you
want and take what he selects, for. although he will make
a mistake liimself occasionally, still he will cheerfully correct it when his attention is called to the matter, for it is
plainly for his interest to satisfy his customers, and he will
spare no pains to do so. Jlr. John S. LeGro, who is the
proprietor of the " Washington Street Market," does business on this basis, and the magnitude of the trade he has
built up since he commenced operations here in 1863
shows that this method has been a successful one. He is
is
is widely known throughout this section. His market always contains a fine stock
of beef, pork, veal, mutton and lamb, poultry and vegeAll classes of trade are
tables of all seasonable kinds.
catered to, and every order is assured prompt and careful
attention.
The lowest market rates are quoted, and all
the commodities dealt in are guaranteed to prove as repre-
a native of Lebanon. Me., and
sented.
Granite State Hotel, C. L. Bodwell, proprietor. Good
Livery Stable connected. High Street, Great Falls, N. H.
a traveler is the more readily he
puts up with unavoidable discomforts and the less growling
he does when no responsible person is at hand to complain,
to
but all the same he means to be comfortable if any
act of his can make him so, and when he comes across a.
well managed liotel he notes the fact and takes particular
pains to put tip there again should he revisit the locality.
This is one reason for the steady patronage enjoyed by the
Granite State Hotel, for it has been in operation for many
— The more experienced
:
years, and traveling men and others appreciative of good
hotel accommodations, have long since learned that such
may be found at this commodious hostelry. The Granite
State Hotel has been under the able management of itspresent proprietor since 1880 and has always held a leadingposition among the representative hotels of this section of
the State.
Mr. C. L. Bodwell is a native of Sanford, Me.,
Theis highly respected throughout Great Falls.
they are spaciouspremises are located on High street
forty guests.
and well arranged and can accommodate
The sleeping rooms are attractive and comfortably furnished and the hotel is kept in excellent condition, employment being given to six assistants, and the service at theAn
table and elsewhere being prompt and courteous.
abundance of the best food the market affords is supplied
at all seasons, and as the terms of the house are moderateit certainly well deserves its high and extended popularity.
A good livery, sale and boarding stable is also maintained.
and
;
A. Gaudette, dealer in all kinds of Wood and Kindling,
and Job Teaming, Washington St., Great Falls, N. H.— In
spite of the great quantity of coal used in this vicinity,,
there is still a large demand for hard and soft wood, and.
one of the most prominent of tlie local dealers engaged in
supplying this demand is Mr. A. Gaudette, doing businesson Washtngton street. He carries a large stock of hard
and soft cut wood, slab wood and kindlings. He is prepared to give prompt and painstaking attention to every
order and to fill the same at the lowest market rates. Mr.
Gaudette is a native of Canada and has a well earned
reputation for enterprising and reliable business methods.
In addition to his wood business he does an extensive jobteaming business, and is prepared to execute all orders in
this department of his business promptly, carefully and
Employment is afforded to six eflicient
satisfactorily.
assistants and no pains are spared in either branch of the
business to maintain the high reputation this establishment
has borne so long. Mr. Gaudette began operations here in
Great Falls about 1880, and has for some time ranked with
the leading
men
in his line of business.
Edwin
A. Lewis, Cigar Manufacturer, Moore's Block,
261^ Market Street, Great Falls, N. H.— There are few
persons who are not in the cigar business that have any
idea of the iiumense number that are consumed in the
United States every year, and not the least remarkable
thing about the demand for cigars is its rapid and steady
In spite of all that is urged against smoking, the
increase.
habit has become so general that the man who does not
smoke is a rare exception, for the sensible man can see
that it is the abuse of tobacco which is hurtful, and the
enjoyment derived from its proper or moderate use can be
obtained in no other way. The finer grades of tobacco are
especially harmless, and therefore it is gratifying to know
that Mr. Edwin A. Lewis, who makes a specialty of manufacturing fine cigars, is meeting with great success in his
efllorts to introduce a superior article among the trade.
His brand " Great Sachem," is a delicately flavored Havana
He started
hand-made cigar, and is in great demand.
business in Great Falls in 1871, but removed to Berwick,
He has been located in Moore's block.
Me., in 1873.
Market street. Great Falls, since 1888. The premises that
he occupies contain about 900 square feet. Employment
is given to six assistants, as he does a wholesale business.
Goods will be delivered promptly, as all orders are attended
to as soon as received.
—
N. Roy, :Meat JIarket, Union
Stieet, Great Falls,
N. H.
It is all very well to argue that m«at is by no meansessential to health, and tha't a person can work hard and
thrive on a diet composed exclusively of vegetables, cereals,,
but the great majority of us can't consider anything
etc.
:
unless it includes
are really hungry meat
a "square meal
"
meat
in
abundance,
the only thing that
Even assuming that one may
will actually satisfy us.
thrive on a strictly vegetable diet, that is no re.ason why we
should give up the enjoyment of meat eating, for little if
any money would be saved by so doing, and tbe enjoyment lost could not be gained so cheaply in any other way.
Of course in order to really enjoy meat it must be of good
quality, and one sure way to get such is to buy of Mr. N.
Roy, for he makes a specialty of meats, and offers grade*
He occupies a spacious
suited to the most critical taste.
meat market, located on Union street, and carries a full
assortment of beef, pork, mutton, veal and lamb, together
with poultry and game in their season. The lowest market
rates are quoted at all times and the stock is sufficiently
varied and complete to admit of all tastes and all pursesbeing suited. Mr. Roy is a native of Canada and is almost
universally known in this vicinity, and has been connected
with his present business since 1888.
and when we
is
�—
LEADING BUSINESS MEN OF GREAT FALLS.
Guttman, Dentist, established 1857, Market Square,
Whatever may have been the case in
Great Falls, N. II.
days gone by, those wlio neglect and abuse their teeth
nowadays can advance no admittable excuse for doing so,
for the matter has been so often and so thoroughly discussed that every person of average intelligence must appreciate, to some extent at least, the importance of keepJ.
—
ing the teeth in proper condition. The many who fail to
do" this excuse their action or rather inaction by various
more or less ingenious pleas, but when all of these are
summed up and divested of side issues it will be found
that they ma3' be classed under not more than lour heads,
First, lack of time
second, lack of money
as follows
third, lack of courage, and fourth, lack of di-ipositiou.
Regarding the first, it need only be said that those who
have not time to care for their health have no time to live
regardat all, for without health life is not worth living
ing the second, competent dental service may be obtained
at moderate rates, and is within the means of all who
regarding the third, improved apparatus,
real!}' desire it
:
;
;
;
;
facilities,
and methods
liave
combined
to
do away with
and rethe pain formerly attending dental operations
garding the fourth, that of course is no excuse at all, and
There are many excellent dentists
requires no answer.
practicing in Great Falls and vicinity, and occupying a
leading position among them is Dr. ,1. Guttman, who has
finely furnished and conveniently located premises in
Market square, Great Falls. The most improved facilities
for the practice of dentistry in all its branches are provided, and operations are executed at short notice and in a
thoroughly satisfactory manner.
skillful, durable and
Special attention is given to manufacturing and adminisDr. Guttman is a native of
tering Xitrous Oxide Gas.
Prussia in Germany, and has bconie widely and favorably known in Great Palls since he began the practice of
his profession here in 185T, having gained an enviable
reputation as a competent, gentle and careful operator.
His charges are moderate, and his methods are in accordance with the accepted principles of modern dentistry, insuring results that can scarcely fail to be permanently satisfactorj- in every instance.
;
J. Bickford, Groceries and Provisions, Market Square,
Great Falls, N. II. It is always a good idea to trade with
an enterprising house whenever such a course is possible,
for the customers of a wide a-wake and progressive concern are sure to be treated with liberality and are also sure
—
to receive their share of any increase in the concern's
prosperity.
The latter statement may be disputed by
some people who pride themselves on their shrewdness,
and who will say that no firm is going to give its customera anything more than it has to
but all the same we
know it to be true, and we also know that the really
successful business men are not those who keep every
advantage to themselves, but rather those who share with
customers and thus largely increase their trade and income,
although they may lessen the percentage of their profits.
The enterprise now conducted by Mr. J. Bickford in Market
;
Square is a good example to mention in this connection,
and we hold that Mr. Bickford is in a much better position
to day than he would have been had he pursued the shortsighted policy too common in his business. A co-operative
store was established in 1864, Mr. Bickford being the
manager. In 1873 Mr. Bickford assumed full control of
the business, since which date the name has been as at
present. J. Bickford.
He has built up a large retail trade,
requiring the services of well informed assistants.
Tlie
premises occupied comprise one floor and a basement, each
covering an area of 800 square feet.
A large stock is
carried, including choice staple and fancy family groceries
of all kinds. Mr. Bickford is a native of Rochester, N. H.,
and is very well known throughout Great Falls. He has
every facilit}' at hand to enable the many orders received
to be filled with promptness and accuracy.
The prices
quoted are very low and the goods are strictly first-class in
every respect.
49
Home,
dealer in Choice Family Groceries, Teas,
Coffees, Sugars, Spices, etc.. High Street, (Jreat Falls, N.
H. There is no question but tliat tlie taste of the community has been educated up to a point where the diflerence between superior and inferior teas, coffees and spices
can be readil}' detected, for there is a constantly increasing
demand tor really desirable goods of this kind, while the
inferior grades once so popular, are rapidly becoming
practically unsalable.
Mr. S. C. Ilorne, dealer in choice
family groceries, teas, coffees, sugars, spices, etc., is entitled to much credit for enabling the residents of this
section to become familiar with these choice goods, for lie
has handled them for several years. He began operations
here in 1880, as a member of the firm of Plummer
Home. In 1887, Jlr. Home became sole proprietor. He
is a native of this place, and we need hardly say has a
large circle of friends here.
His store is large, being
2.5x50 feel in dimensions, and he also occupies a basement
for some of his stock.
Visitors may always find a large
and varied stock to choose from, the goods being warranted to prove as represented, while the prices are wonderfully low, quality considered.
A large liusicess is done
here, and his trade is steadily growing.
Mr. Home has
been a member of the school committee.
S.
O.
—
&
Mrs. A. H. Webber, Pure
Soft Candies at wholesale and
fresh every day.
Old fashioned Molasses
a specialty.
Fore Street, Great Falls N. H.
There are very few people but what are fond of nice confectionery, that is when it is made of first class materials
and is properly flavored and invitingly displayed. It is
very easy to get such articles if you only know where to
go for them. Mrs. A. H. Webber, who keeps a store on
Fore street, is a wholesale and retail dealer in pure soft
candies that are made fresh every day, as Mrs. Webber
makes her own candy. She also has a fine assortment of
bread, cake and pastry, and her ice cream will bear comparison with any in this vicinity.
Mrs. Webber has
recently enlarged her business by opening a dining room,
where she will furnish meals at all hours and also table
board for regular boarders.
In her store she makes a
specialty of old-fashioned molasses candy, for which she
has become well known.
The premises occupied are
Careful assistants are em20x40 feet in dimensions.
ployed that customers may be promptly attended to. Mrs.
Webber, who is a native of Boston, Mass.. commenced
business here in 1889, and the large and increasing patronage which she has gained proves that she understands her
business and has served her customers in a satisfactory
manner. Her stock is kept fresh and her prices moderate.
retail,
made
Candy
&
Hurd
Grant, dealers in Family Groceries, Flour,
Corn, Meal, Pork, Lard, Molasses. Cash paid for Country
Produce. Opposite No. 2 Mill, Main Street, Great Falls,
N. H
The business conducted by Messrs. Hurd & Gran6
is located opposite No. 2 Mill, Main street.
For many
years it has held a deservedly high reputation for furnishing first-class family groceries. The business was founded
in 1873 by Cowell & Hurd, who were succeeded in 1875 by
Hurd & Cate. In 1888 the present proprietors, Messrs. E.
P. Hurd and G. F. Grant, assumed control.
These gentlemen are both natives of Maine. Mr. Hurd has been representative.
They have spared no pains to maintain and
even to increase the high repute of the enterprise, the
result being that it is constantly growing in popularity,
and with increased patronage the firm are enabled to offer
increased inducements to their customers. The premises
occupied are 25x50 feet in dimensions. A heavy stock is
carried, including flour, corn, meal, pork, lard, molasses,
syrup, butter, cheese, fish, salt, sugars, teas and coffees,
spices, fruit, confectionery, extracts, and a complete line
of family supplies
These goods are carefully chosen and
are fully guaranteed to prove as represented.
The lowest
market rates are quoted on all these goods. Prompt attention is assured to every caller.
Orders are carefully filled
—
and delivered.
�LEADING BUblNESS MEN OF GREAT FALLS.
50
O. Marin, Meats and Vegetables, Main Street, Great
That the successful managenieni of a retail
Falls, N. 11.
meat market is by no means the easy task it may seem to
some is not likely to be disputed by any one who has had
—
:i practical experience in the matter; for in point of fact, to
so carry on an establishment of this kind as to be prepared
to meet all of the reasonahlc. and not a few of the unreasonable, demands of customers, and at the same time
avoid being loaded down with an overstock, requires both
experience and brains, and cannot be accomplished by
everybody. But, however, there are not a few who seem
to " have the business down tine," as the sajing is, and
among these due mention should be made of the market
conducted by Mr. O. Marin, located on Main street. Great
This business was originally founded by Boucher
Falls.
Brothers in 18S7. (hey being succeeded in 1890 by the
present proprietor. This gentleman Ins already attained
a liberal patronage, and may be fairh- considered as one of
our representative business men. Mr. Marin is a native of
Canada by birth, and has not a few friends in tliis community. He is steadily adding to them by the liberal and
enterprising business methods he makes constant use of,
and we can strongly advise any one who appreciates firstclass provisions and square dealings to patronize Mr.
Marin, as both of these are assured to every customer.
Competent assistants are employed, and the stock of
meats, vegetables, etc., carried is varied enough to satisfy
all tasies
and conditions of purses.
Anson Chick, Picture Framing and Job Carpentering,
Wa.shington Street, Great Falls, N. H. It may be safely
set do%vn as an invariable rule that it is always best to obtain the advice and assistance of a practical man when an
enterprise of any importance is contemplated, and j'et,
obvious as this may seem, it is often neglected by those
who propose to build or who require the services of a reA reputable and experienced builder can
liable carpenter.
give many valuable hints as to the details of a plan, even
it is not desired to have him draw it up altogether, and
if
it should always be borne in mind that alterations made
in a plan, alter contracts are signed and the work is well
under way, are apt to cost double what they would had
they been suggested in the preliminar}' stages. Mr. Ansel
Chick is a job carpenter as well as a picture frame maker,
and is well able to give advice relating to the planning of
a house, or the alterations that may be desired in stores or
houses. Mr. Chick does quite a business making screen
doors and windows to order. He is prepared to do gen-
—
eral jobbing, also saw filing, and those desiring the services of a careful and thorough workman will do well to
obtain such a man. Picture frames will be made to order
in a neat and substantial manner at short notice, and at
large variety of styles being on hand
moderate prices.
from which a selection can be made, that cannot fail to
A
please those
who
are familiar with fine work.
E. Pattee, Livery, Sale and Boarding Stable, Orange
There are soiue livery stable
Street, Great Falls, N. H.
keepers who seem to think that Iheir customers are either
millionaires or else are prepared to spend half their earnS.
—
ings on horse hire, for the charges made are away beyond
the means of the most of us, and the consequence is we
are obliged to do without the enjoyment and healthfulness
Now, of course it costs money to keep
of driving.
horses, to pa_v help and to maintain carriages, harness,
etc., in good" order, and no sensible man expects to get
"sometliing for nothing," but still there is reason in
everything, and many stable keepers would make more
money by charging lower prices. Mr. S. E. Pattee has
struck the " happy medium" in his charges, for his prices
are high enough to enable him to furnish first class turnouts at a fair profit and at the same time are low enough
to suit anybody who doesn't want the earth for a ten-acre
lot.
It is evident that Mr. Pattee means to do the square
thing by his patrons, and his livery, sale and boarding
Mr. Pat
iiess Indicate that his policy is appreciated.
is a native of Goflstown, N. H., and has been identiwith his present enterprise since 1888, succeeding at
that time the firm of J. O. Lord
Son. He gives close
personal attention to the supervision of affairs, and is prepared to let single or double teams for pleasure or business
uses at very reasonable terms.
The stable is located on
Orange street, and callers may depend upon receiving
prompt and polite attention at all times. Horses are also
taken to board, and will receive every attention and care
requisite for their comfort and health.
Special attention
being given to selling horses for either carl or driving purposes.
Many fine horses suitable for such purposes being
constantiv on hand.
tee
fied
&
A. B. Jeneau <& Co., one price Clothiers and Gents'
Furnishers. Corner Fore and Main Streets, Great Falls,
N. H. The question of where to get fashionable, well
made and durable clothing at the lowest market rates is
one of great importance in everj' civilized community, for
proper self-respect prompts us to dress well, and ordinary
prudence counsels us to get the largest possible return for
our money. A large proportion of the residents of Great
Falls and vicinity have answered this question to their
entire satisfaction by making their purchases at the establishment conducted by Messrs. A. B. Jeneau & Co., and
all competent judges who will examine the goods there
offered and note the prices, will agree that one might
easily go a great deal farther and fare a great deal worse,
for the stock is remarkably complete and attractive and
the prices are as low as the lowest
Messrs. A. B Jeneau
Co. founded their business in Great Falls in 1886, and
the clothing business tmder their direct management is
maintained at a high standard of efficienc}'. The store is
located on Main street and covers an area of some 1200
square feet of space. It is well arranged and contains a
full line of ready-made clothing, together with a complete
assortment of gentlemen's furnishings, hats, caps, trunks
and bags. The latest fashionable novelties are well represented and the goods are sold strictly on their merits and
at bottom prices.
Five competent and well informed
assistants are employed, and every caller Is assured courteous, as well as prompt attention.
—
&
&
Belleville
Daigle, dealers in Groceries and Provisions,
Flour, Fruit and Confectionery, cor. Franklin and Union
Streets, Great Falls. N. H.
There is often as much ingenuit}' shown in explaining the success as in accounting
for the failure of a business enterprise, but when an undertaking has been successfully conducted for several years It
is always safe to assume that its popularity is due to solid
merit.
Such is the case with that now carried on under
the firm name of Belleville & Daigle, for this enterprise
was inaugurated bj' Messrs. Gagmon
Demers in 1883.
In 1887. Mr. O. Demers assumed the entire management of
the business, and so conducted it until 1890, when he was
succeeded by the present firm of Belleville & Daigle, who
now hold a leading position among similar undertakings
in this section of the State.
The gentlemen comprising
this firm are Mr. Fred. Belleville and Jlr. Napoleon Daigle, both natives of Canada, and are energetic and reliable
business men.
The premises are located at the corner of
Franklin and Union streets, and cover an area of 2400
square feet, and are fully occupied by a heavy and complete stock of groceries, provisions, flour, fruit and confectionery of the best quality.
The policy which has
made this enterprise so prominent among Great Falls'
mercantile undertakings is followed to-da_v as strictly as
ever, and when one has remarked the reliability of the
goods, the lowness of the prices, and the promptness and
accuracy of the service, he is not obliged to ask what that
policy is, nor need he be told that its ett'ect is to assure
entire satisfaction to ever}' reasonable customer.
Employment is given to three competent assistants, and all
orders are assured immediate and careful attention.
—
&
�LEADING BUSINESS MEN OF GREAT FALLS.
John Martin, Boots and Shoes, 30 Market Street.
"Somerworth Mineral Spring," Great
iprietor of the
H.— It
always provoking to be
•especially so when you are purchasing
of foot wear, for one's comfort is so
•quality and til of the boots or shoes
N.
is
ProFalls,
imposed upon, but
anything in the line
dependent upon the
worn, that unsatis-
factory foot-wear is enough to make the best natured man
••cranky." Hence one way to maintain that even, good
temper wliich makes friends, prolongs life and is one of
the most valuable possessions a man can have, is to buj'
your boots, shoes and rubbers of Mr. John Martin, who
has a newly fitted up store at No. 30 Market street, where
lip has a complete and carefully chosen stock of boots,
shoes, slippers and rubbers, suited to all needs in size,
widths and quality, adapted to all ages, all occupations,
both rexes and all tastes, and he sells them for what they
are, giving every customer the bottom facts regarding the
Mr. Martin is a native of
g'lods, and also bottom prices.
Vermont, but has long resided in Great Palls. He opened
:this store in 1890, but was formerly in the same line of
the store now occupied is 20 X 60 feet
trade in this town
in size and is conveniently fitted up for this business.
Mr. Martin is the owner of a valuable mineral spring
locaied on hjs place, but a few moments' walk from the
depot. The water comes boiling up out of the earth from
a white, sandy bottom, is cold, of pleasant taste, but
;
medicinal in its effect. Many in this vicinity have tested
It
merit and give unqualified testimony ol its virtues.
is the purpose of Mr. JIartin to introduce this valuable
spring to the public so that its benefit may be enjoyed by
thousands who now are ignorant of its benefit.
its
H. Mellen, wholesale and retail dealer in
Groceries and Provisions, Flour, Tea, Coffee and Spices,
Market Street, Great Falls, N. H. The wholesale and
Chzurles
—
not one to be chosen by a man
who dislikes e.xertion, for if there is a business outside of
Bawing wood or shoveling dirt that demands hard work
and plenty of it from those carrying it on, it is just that
This may .seem an extreme
whicli we have mentioned.
statement to those who have not "been there," but we
no fear that anyone who has bad any personal expehave
rience in the trade will contradict us in the slightest degree.
Grocers who really strive to accommodate their patrons
earn every cent they make, and it is therefore with pleasure that we note the prosperity of Mr. Cliarles II. Mellen,
who succeeded Mr. Moses Weeks in business in 1889. Mr.
Mellen has conscientiously endeavored to render an adequate equivalent for every cent paid to him and fully
deserves tbe large measure of success be has attained. Ills
store is located on Market street and covers an area of
some 1,300 square feet. A large stock is carried, including groceries and provisions of all descriptions, flour, tea,
coffee and spices.
With a well stocked and well equipped
•retail
grocery bu-iness
is
store, with every facility for handling goods economically
and expeditiouslj-, customers can rely on having their
orders promptly iiiled. Mr. Mellen is a native of Great
Falls and is one of our most energetic and public spirited
local dealers and one who has the respect and confidence
of the people in general.
B. Etter, Artistic Pliotograpber, Market Square, Great
Falls, N. H.^The eminent painter who replied " with
brains, sir," when asked with what fie mixed his colors in
order to obtain the wonderful effects noticeable in his
work, concisely stated a truth which is too often overlooked.
Want of ability is not to be compensated for by
the most improved facilities, and this principle applies as
forcibly to the work of the photographer as to that of the
artist in colors.
Anybody can procure photographic apparatu-i, and, by tlie way, about everybody nowadays does
do so, but to attain artistic results in photography is quite
another matter. Therefore, when we say that Mr. B. Etter
is an artistic photographer and has the latest improved
-app-iratus at his studio, we by no means explain tbe great
-success he meets with in making accurate and beautifully
51
portraits
but when we add tliat he " mixes
brains " with his chemicals the cause of his success becomes evident. Jlr. B, Etter, who is a native of Nova
Scotia, succeeded Mr. John H. Parker in the proprietorHe carries on this
ship of the studio in question in 18H7.
work in all its branches. Portraits will be copied and enlarged and finished as desired. The scale of prices will
be found to be remarkably moderate, considering tlie exTwo assi-<tants are employed that
cellence of the work.
orders may be filled at short notice, satisfaction being
guaranteed in every instance. All kinds and styles of
picture frames are furnished to order at short notice.
finished
;
Peter Guilraet, wholesale and retail dealer in GrocerProvisions, Beef, Mutton, Pork, Lamb, Poultry,
Eggs, etc. Also Fresli
Fruit and Vegetables of all kinds in their season, corner
Franklin and Main Streets, Great Falls, N. H —The house
of Peter Guilraet enjoys an enviable reputation in con-
ies,
Tripe, Sausages, Butter, Cheese,
nection with the sale of groceries, provisions, meats, etc.,
and on visiting the store carried on by this gentleman at
the corner of Franklin and Main streets, it soon becomes
evident that his reputation is well deserved, for one meets
with prompt and courteous attention, and the stock on
hand to choose from is certainly large and varied enough to
It embraces the leading
suit the most critical taste.
brands of groceries and provisions, as well as a superior
quality of meats of all kinds, with fresh fruits and vegeThe
tables in thair seasons,
of excellent variety.
right,
right,
the
prices
are
all
goods
are
all
and the service is all right, so tbe natural conclusion is that Mr. Guilmet must be doing a very large
wholesale and retail business a conclusion which we are
ha])py to say is fully warranted by the facts. Mr. Guilmet
began operations in 1879. and his trade has been steadily
developing ever since. He is a native of Canada, and is
widely known in social as well as mercantile circles.
Giving close personal attention and employing five com
petent assistants, it is not to be wondered at that orders
are promptly filled to the entire satisfaction of his cus-
—
tomers.
J.
H. Beacbam
&
Son, Life, Fire and Accident Insur-
ance, Central Building, Great Falls, N. H.
but few business
men
— There
are
in a position to personally investi-
the claims made by the various
and accident insurance companies, and, thereis
obvious that a competent and reputable
gate the .soundness of
fire,
fore,
life
it
•w'ho has made a special study of the
is,
in a certain sense, indispensable to a community, as he is competent to give valuable advice and
information regarding the companies that will best suit
the individual requirements of his patrons, and offer
The
valuable suggestions to those 'wbo consult him.
firm of J. H. Beacham & Son are doing this, and the
very extensive business they enjoy is sufficient evidence
that the public appreciate the courteous and liberal methThe firm is composed of Mr.
ods pursued by this firm.
John H. Beacham, Wolf boro. who has for many years been
engagedin the business, and his son, Jlr. John L. Beacham,
the junior partner, who has charge of the oflSce at No. 7
The firm also have
Central Building, Gr^at Falls, N. H
a branch office in Cloutman's Block, Farmington, N H.,
while the main offices are in Goodman's Block, Wolfboro.
Tbe firm do a general insurance business in life, fire and
accident, and are prepared to place risks in first-class
companies on the most favorable terms, and claims and
Messrs. J. II Beacham
losses are adjusted promptly.
& Son represent both stock and mutual companies, their
list including some of the strongest companies in the
world. Any information regarding life, fire or accident
insurance is gratuitously given on ajiplication, by mail
insurance broker,
subject,
or in person.
�Sl
1,1,1 \
AN SciUAKE.
HISTORICAL SKETCH OF BERWICK, ME.
The town
Berwick was originally a part of the ancient town of Kittery and was set apart and?
its present name in 1713.
Since that date the size of the township has been'
greatly reduced
South Berwicic being taken from the south side, in 1S14, and North Berwick fromthe northeastern side, in 1831.
A small portion of York was annexed in 1854. The present town is^
bounded on the north by Lebanon on the east by North Berwick on the south by South Berwick, and on the west by the towns of Rochester, Somersworth and Rollinsford which are in New
Hampshire, being separated from Berwick by the Salmon Falls River, on which is located thevillage of Berwick in which the business of the town is concentrated.
The stream is crossed by abridge of lOO feet span, and the railway station is on the New Hampshire side, on the line of the
Portsmouth, Great Falls & Conway Railroad.
Berwick village began to be a manufacturing centre about 1854 and its growth, especially during
of
incorporated under
;
;
;
Police protection has been provided sincedepartment was established in 1873 while the educational facilities are excellent, the
schools being liberally supported and very efficiently managed.
One of the most prominent of the public buildings is Odd Fellows Hall, dedicated in 1879. This
It isis a fine brick edifice, three stories in height and thirty-two by fifty-five feet in dimensions.
utilized by Echo Lodge, No. 52, and Golden Gate Encampment, No. 24
both these having been
instituted in 1876.
Another flourishing society, the Independent Order of Good Templars, is represented by Wilson Lodge, No. 75, organized in 1878.
Saw mills were erected on the site of the village at a very early date and wood-working is still
quite extensively carried on
the local establishments including a sash and door factory, a bobbin
factory, a modern equipped saw-mill, etc., as well as a large tannery, reed and harness factories, iron
and steel shops, soap factories, carriage factories, marble works, etc.
There are also some excellent stores in the village, including a very successful co-operative store
established by the Sovereigns of Industry, in 1874.
The majority of the dwelling houses have been erected since 1870 and are consequently modern
in style as well as neat and attractive in appearance.
In short, both as regards public and private
buildings, Berwick makes a very favorable showing and has no reason to fear comparison with anyvillage of no greater population.
the past score of years, has been both rapid and steady.
1849 and a
fire
;
;
;
-^-
.
.:
�—
Leadiim- Business
Men
of Berwick, Me.
S. p. Home & Co., manufacturers of and dealers in
IReady-Made Doors, Sash, Blinds and JEouldings also
;Stair Work and Brackets of all sizes, Berwick Side, Great
;
placing building conFalls, N. H.— The
tracts with reliable and responsible parties cannot be overmost carefully prepared plans and
-estimated, for the
apeciflcations will not protect the interests of the builders
if their carrying out be entrusted to incompetent, careless
Therefore the residents of Great
-or dishonest hiinds.
Falls and vicinity have reason to congratulate themselves
on having so dependable a firm as that of S. P. Home &
Co. to place their orders with, especially as this house is
.prepared to figure very closely on all work submitted.
This business was started by Mr. S. P. Ilorne, who is a
native of Rochester, N. H., and carried on until 1886,
•when he took in as partner, Mr. W. L. Buttertield, a native
"Of Verniojit.
The shop, located on the Berwick side, consists of a building two stories and attic, 3-1 X 40, and storehouse, employing six men and having a ten horse-power
•engine (o turn out all their mouldings, doors, window
Orders for jobbing work will be
"frames, blinds, etc., etc.
importance of
pi I
.
'filled at short notice in a satisfactory manner and at mod-erate prices, the proprietors giving their personal supervision to all.
M.
Nute, Shoe Jlanufacturer, Berwick Side, Great
H.— This business wai founded in 1870 by
Messrs. L. AL and D. H. Nute, and changed in 1882 to the
present proprietor who is a native of Milton, N. H.. and
very well and favorably known. Realizing tint there is a
continuous demand among the trade for durable and
'thoroughly-m ule footwear at fair prices he has endeavored
to fully meet it. His shop comprises three stories, 30x 17.5
tfeet in dimensions, with a fifteen horse-power engine and
well equipped with every facility in the way of new
He gives
machinery, etc., for doing the best work.
'employment to from 100 to 150 people, turning out about
1000 pairs per day of men's, boys' and youths' calf buff and
'flesh split shoes.
The largest orders can be filled at short
notice.
Mr. Nute has an office in B )Ston at 28 High
-street, where samples are shown, but he is always pleased
"to see visitors at the factory, where they receive courteous
.attention, and to which place all m;iil orders should be
L.
N.
Falls,
•tkddressed.
James W. Harriman, Machinist
;
all
in tlie best
mechanical
;
Hotel,
1
i
I
i
i
II
W
Niles,
t
—
New
Under these circumstances the question
accommodations assumes no little importance, and
sons of the year.
of hotel
it is perfectly safe to as.sert that the enviable reputation
Great Falls enjoys among nonresidents is due to the nature
of the accommodations provided at Grant's Hotel, for this
The proprietor, Mr. E.
is a well-managed establishment.
Grant, is a native of Acton, Maine, and has been in business
since 1873.
He spares no pains to secure the comfort of
guests and together with his genial liead clerk, Mr. H. W.
Nile-!, employs a staff of seven assistants, so that the hotel
and its appointments are kept in first class condition and
The
the service is uniformly prompt and dependable.
Grant Hotel is very pleasantly located on the Berwick
The
Side, and can accommodate some thiity people.
table is supplied with an abundance of seasonable food at
all times, and the terms of the house are very reasonable.
kinds of Repairing
and at very reasonable
Berwick
rates Steam, Gas and Water Piping a Specialty
Side. Great Falls, N. H. One of the best places to get
machine repairing of any kind done with which we are
familiar is at the shop carried on by Jlr. James W. Harri"man at Great Falls on the Berwick side, for this is a verj'
well-equipped establishment and Mr. Harriman is an
expert machinist, employs experienced help, and spares no
He is a
pains to thoroughly satisfy every customer.
mative of Great Falls, and in 1890 succeeded Messrs. H.
W. Pierce & Son, who had carried on the business since
1887.
While doing all kinds of repairing in the very best
fltyle and at moderate rates, Mr. Harriman makes a specialty of steam, gas and water piping and of the building
of pipe fence for graves, lots and enclosures of any kind,
He is
•being prepared to fill orders at very short notice.
:agent for stationary engines and boilers of the most
;jipproved type and also for the Spence hot water heater.
conceded to have no superior in its special line. Mr.
Harriman is making a specialty of this branch. Turned
>done
Grant's
.nidliniii hipot.s.
Btiwick
Free Con\( ) .met
C'leik.
Great Falls is one of the most
side. Great Falls. N. 11.
Hampshire, and as it is also quite
attractive towns in
a business centre, it is visited by many strangers at all sea-
style,
;
—
and cold rolled steel shafting is also dealt in to a considerable extent, and all kinds of mill work and supplies will
be furnished at prices as low as the lowest in every
anstance.
John C. Nutter, manufacturer of and dealer in Doors,
One
Sashes, Blinds, etc.. Sullivan Square, Berwick, Me.
of the most fruitful causes of discontent and even anger in
the occupancy of a new house is to be found in the liability of the doors and sashes to "bind" and "stick" so
firmly in some cises as to defy all efforts to stir them.
Now of course this is at times unavoidable owing to a
variety of causes which it is unnecessary to mention here,
but in many instances the true explanation of the difficulty
is to be found in the defective construction of the doors
and sashes themselves. These defects may be in the workmanship, or they may be in the stock used, but in either
case they occasion much annoyance which might easily
have been entirely obviated, had well-made articles been
purchased originally. The productions of Mr. John Nutter, doing business on Sullivan square, will be found to be
always satisfactory and reliable and it is owing to the
growing appreciation of this fact that his busine-ss shows a
marked and steady increase. This business was founded
by Nutter & Tibbets, who were succeeded in 1887 by Mr.
John C. Nutter. Mr. Nutter is a dealer in and manufacturer of doors, sashes, blinds, etc., the best of work being
done and strict attention paid to the quality of the stock
Orders will be filled at short notice, and the work
used.
will be guaranteed satisfaclory.
—
�—
LEADING BUSINESS MEN OF BERWICK.
54:
ORRIN KNOX,
Wholesale dealer in Country Produce; Retail dealer in Family Groceries..
Itsiilrosxl
.Mileag:e
Tickvlfi
Boiiglil.
iiioUl
SULLIVAN SQUARE,
siikI
Ki-nlod.
BERWICK, MAINE^
Jesse R. Home, manufacturer,
wholesale and retail dealer in.
Hemlock, Pine and Spruce Timber and Boards of all kinds.
Sawing,
Jointing,
Planing,
Matching and
Box making.
Packing Boxes, etc.. Berwick^
Side, Great Falls. N. H.— The
extensive mill and box factory
carried on by Mr. Jesse R. Horneis located
in Berwick but maybe classed among Great Falls'
establishments for Mr. Uorne
lives here and has for years, at
one time representing Greati
Falls
in the State legislature.
in HoehesteT, N.
H., and has been identified with
his present enterprise for more
than fifteen years.
The premises utilized by him are two
stories in height and 55
TOfeet in dimensions, and are fitted
up with an elaborate plant of
He was born
X
improved
woodworking
ma-
chinery, driven by an engine of
Mr.
seventy five horse power.
Home is a large manufacturer
of packing boxes, his facilities
being such as to enable him to
A. B. Spencer, dealer in Choice Family Groceries,
Country Produce, Flour, Grain, etc.: also Fiirnisliing
Undertaker and manufacturer of and dealer in Burial
Caskets and Coffins
Sullivan Square, Berwick, Maine
Mr. A. B. Spencer is a naiive of Berwick, Maine,
and started the undertaking business in 1808, having
become so thoroughly identified with the best interests o"f
the town, is loolied upon as a representative citizen, in
tlie full sense of the word, having served in the army and
holding the position as town treasurer. Mr. Spencer has
had long and varied experience as a funeral director, and
;
—
is
prepared to
till
all
orders entrusted to
him
in that capac-
with tidelity, intelligence and despatch.
He will
assume entire charge of funerals and furnish everything
ity
that is required, his facilities enabling hint to execute all
at very short notice and at uniformly moderate rales.
He retails and wholesales in coffins, occupying
a store three stories high, yO X 5.5 feet in size, and always
carrying a varied and large stock of funeral anil undertak-
commissions
ing mateiials and employing some five assistants. In 1886
Mr. Spencer combined with his other business a large
choice family grocery store, located at Sullivan square,
and his stock is always complete in every department, and
sufficient assistance is employed to assure prompt, careful,
and polite attention to every caller, while he is in a position to quote the lowest market prices on all the commodities dealt in.
meet all honorable compelition
by furnishing boxes of standard
west market rales.
Sawing and planing
without undue delay, employment being given to from sixteen to twenty-five assistants.
Mr. Horne deals extensively
in lumber and can furnish it in any desired quantity at the
lowest market rates.
quality at the
Ic
L. E. Grant, Physician and Druggist, Berwick, Me.
would be difficult to find an establishment of more genuine value to the community' than that cariied on by Mr.
L. E. Grant, who being a native of Candia, N. H., started
this undertaking in 1888, and under his able management
has largely developed into a successful trade; drugs, medicines and chemicals are supplied at both wholesale and
retail at the lowest rates that can be named on first class
goods, and as the filling of prescriptions is given especial
attention, customers may feel assured of their favors being
appreciated and of their orders being handled with that
skill and accuracy so desirable in this connection.
Every
precaution is observed that will tend to reduce the liability
of error to the smallest po.«sible amount, and every facility
is at hand that can aid iu attaining this result.
Mr. Grant
is moderate in his charges, and certainly has solved the
problem of combiuing reliable service with popular prices.
Stationery, choice brands of cigars and tobacco and druggists' sundries, form? another import.int department of hisbusine«s.
The stock carried is fresh and acceptable, two
assistanlsare employed, customers are treated wilhcourtesy,
and ronsideralion. His store is 15 X 40 feet in size.
It
�1>AM
AND Stone Bridge, Rochester.
HISTORICAL SKETCH OF ROCHESTER.
Lines of railroad as represented on a
map have been
described as " index fingers, pointing out the
and by following their indications on the map of
Strafford county, even one entirely unacquainted with that section cannot fail to appreciate to some
degree at least the comparative importance of Rochester, for railroads enter that town from six
From the north comes the
different directions and form a junction at and near Rochester village.
Portsmouth, Great Falls and Conway Railroad, starting at Conway where connection is made with the
railway systems of Vermont, New York, Canada and the West and Northwest from the northwest
more prosperous and important towns and
villages,"
;
comes the Dover and Winnipesaukee Railroad, starting at Alton Bay at the southern extremity of
Lake Winnipesaukee, where connection is made with steamers to and from all the lake ports, and with
the Lake Shore Railroad, a branch of Concord and Montreal system from the northeast comes the
Portland and Rochester Railroad, giving direct communication with Portland, and extending from
Rochester in a southerly and south-easterly direction under the name of the Nashua and Rochester
The Portsmouth, Great Falls and
Railroad to Nashua, N. H., and thence to Worcester, Mass.
Conway Railroad takes a south-easterly course from Rochester and joins the Boston and Maine
Railroad at RoUinsford Junction, and the Dover and Winnipesaukee Railroad proceeds south to Dover
All these
and thence under the name of the Portsmouth and Dover Railroad to Portsmouth.
railroads are included in the great Boston and Maine system and by them Rochester is given direct
communication with all parts of this country and Canada.
Being directly on the line of travel between the sea-shore and mountain resorts an immense
;
passenger traffic passes through the town during the vacation season, and at all times of year the
passenger and freight services are frequent and efficient.
It is obvious that a town so situated must offer many advantages for the carrying on of great
manufacturing enterprises and for the conducting of mercantile undertakings, and the magnitude and
high standing of the industrial and commercial establishments of Rochester show that these advantages are largely and successfully availed of, while the steady growth of the town in population and
in wealth proves that it has hardly begun to reach its ultimate development, and gives ground for the
�56
insrORlCAL SKETCH OF ROCHESTER.
prediction
that
the
early
part
of
the
coming century will see Rochester occupying a prominent position among NewHampshire's cities. There is certainly no
good reason why such should not be the
case for no community has better transportation
facilities,
none gives more
welcome and assistance to deserving new enterprises, and few towns are
more healthfully located or are inhabited
by a more law-abiding, sociable and
cordial
agreeable people.
remunerative
industries,
and
Low
cost of living,
employment
healthful
varied
in
climatic
hygienic conditions will do
much
and
to build
up any community and all these are to be
found in the Rochester of to-day.
The town lies in the eastern part of
High School, Rochestek.
of Straflford County and is separated from
Maine by the Salmon Falls River, this
stream forming Rochester's eastern boundary, while Farmington and Milton bound it on the north
Somersworth, Dover and Barrington on the south, and Barrington, Strafford and Farmington on the
west.
The township is one of the largest in the county and contains three villages Rochester,
East Rochester, and Gonic.
;
:
Its surface is rolling and the soil is generally fertile, some of the farms being highly cultivated and
very productive. There are three rivers in town
The Salmon Falls River extending the whole length
of the township from north to south
the Cocheco River entering about midway on the northern
boundary and flowing out at the southern corner where it is joined by the Isinglass River, which first
enters Rochester from Barrington at about the point that the Nashua and Rochester Railroad leaves
the latter town, the stream then making an abrupt turn in its course and re-entering Barrington which
:
;
it
again leaves to enter Rochester just before the Dover line
The
village of Rochester
is
southern centre, and East Rochester
Somersworth and Milton lines.
By
village
more
far the greater part of the
which
like a
indeed
is
reached.
located to the east of the centre of the township
is
near the Salmon Falls River about
business and population of the town
is
many
large
and substantial mercantile edifices, many handsome stores with
plate-glass windows and other
modern appointments, and many
factories, some of which are very
large and are fitted up with
elaborate
plants of the most
improved machinery.
Such a
community
naturally
requires
extensive banking facilities, and
these
are
furnished
by one
national bank and three savings
banks,
or rather, to be
strictly
Gonic
is
in the
the
centered at Rochester
appears
prosperous city than
a village and contains
;
midway between
Market Street, Rochester.
�niSrORWAL SKETCH OF
liOClIESTKU.
57
tli;it combines the functions of a bank of discount and
The two institutions doing a
two regular savings banks.
aggregating $150, Olio and each has a large surplus. The
accurate, by one national bank, one institution
^deposit with those of a savings bank, and
general banking business have capitals
.amount of savings held on deposit approximates $1,500,000.
Manufacturing was begun in Rochester at a very early period in the town's history, among the
ifirst establishments being saw and grist mills, fulling and finishing mills, a nail factory, a scythe
factory, a cotton yarn mill, etc., but the first corporation to begin operations was tlie Mechanic's
dompany, incorporated in 1834, with a capital of $15,000. This company manufactured blankets, but
The business was
failed in 1841 and was succeeded by the Gonic Company, which also failed.
continued by private parties for a time and in 1846 passed under the control of the Norway Plains
Company, incorporated with a capital of $60,000 which has since been increased to $150,000, for the
"Company have been very successful in carrying on and develo[)ing the enterprise, and now operate
three large mills run by water and steam power employ 440 assistants, and manufacture a fine line of
;
woolen
blankets, flannels and suitings.
Residence of Horace L. ^\*OECESTEK.
of textile falirics is also carried on successfully at Gonic and at East Rochester,
no longer the representative one of the town, for of late years the business of manufacturing boots and shoes has attained immense proportions and now gives employment to more hands
than all other branches of manufacture combined. One of the local shoe factories is said to be the largest
The manufacture
but
that industry
in the State,
iS
in all New England equal to it either in size or in comtwo large shoe shops, a taiyiery, a machine shop, a box
The tannery, box factory, and
large fire-proof store-house.
and certainly there are very few
pleteness of equipment.
The
plant includes
factory numerous out-buildings and a
machine shop do no outside work whatever, they being utilized exclusively in connection with the shoe
business, and some idea of the magnitude of the latter may be gained from the fact that the capacity
A
The tannery can produce 1,200 sides of leather per week.
-of the factory is 4,000 pairs per day.
150-horse engine furnishes the motive power, and employment is given to T50 assistants.
Another large factory which turns out over 2,000 pairs per day and gives employment to some 250
operatives is carried on by one of the largest and best known shoe manufacturers in New England.
He is a resident of Lynn, Mass., and maintains shops in Athol and ^larblehead, in that State.
�HISTORICAL SKETCH OF ROCHESTER.
58
There are some large lumber mills
The quarrying and working
in
town, besides sash and blind, house
of granite are also carried on to
some extent
;
finish and box factories^
and a comparatively new-
but very promising industry is that conducted by the Kiesel Fire Brick Company, incorporated in
188S with a capital of $200,000.
This company make a superior grade of fire brick, tile, etc., and
employ about
We
fifty assistants.
have already spoken of Rochester's
fine
mercantile edifices, and need only add that their
merchants as a rule carry very extensive and
all the adjacent country.
Someof the more prominent business men are very liberal and persistent advertisers, and the firm carryingon the largest store in town not only make liberal use of printers' ink but have their advertising signs,
spread throughout the State from the White Mountains to the sea.
contents are worthy of the buildings, for the
skillfully
local
chosen stocks and ofFer inducements which draw trade from
Main Street, Rochester.
The
local
newspapers are well edited and well supported, the
degree to the good sense shown by their managers
in
latter fact
being due
in
no smalZ
looking after and advancing their local interests.
among the archives of the town shows that it was voted to
but the next year the vote was the other way and as a natural consequence it
was soon necessary to hold a special meeting to choose agents to defend the town which "lies under a
presentiment for want of a school being kept, and to be heard and tried at the next Court of Quarter
Sessions."
Thereafter schools were kept for a number of years but finally the town became reckless
and voted to hire no teachers but to pay whatever fine might be recovered by presentment.
Thi»
The
earliest record relating to schools
have a school
in ITSO,
un-American state of affairs did not last long, however, and now for many years the schools have been
and are very largely attended.
There has been a Masonic Lodge in Rochester foi- eighty years, " Humane Lodge," F. & A. M.^
The Odd Fellows also have lodges here, and there are
having been incorporated October 2-t, 1810.
liberally supported
other fraternal societies of lesser note.
The
first
meeting-house to be built
regularly engaged in since that date.
condition, and maintain
in
Rochester was erected in 1731 and divine worship has beei>
The various
religious societies are
commodious and well-appointed church
edifices.
in a
generally flourishing;
�HISTORICAL SKETCH OF ROCHESTER.
59-
We have left ourselves but little space in which to present the early history of the town, our idea
being to give a sketch of the Rochester of to-day rather than an account of the Rochester of the pasf..
The town was incorporated May 10, 1722, and was named in honor of the Earl of Rochester, a
The proprietors held their first meeting at Cocheco, July 9, 1722,
brother-in-law of King James II.
they being assembled " to consider, debate, and resolve such matters and things" as were essential to
a proper observance of the conditions of the charter, the first of these being that the proprietorsshould build a house and settle a family therein within three years, and plant or sow three acres of
ground within four years, those failing to comply with these requirements forfeiting all their rights in
So the proprietors arranged to have the most commodious part of the township laid
out into what they called " home lots," and a committee was chosen to select the best location and to
So carefully was every detail looked after that th&
lay out roads and a proper " train field."
proprietors' clerk was authorized to obtain a " hook consisting of three quires of paper bound up in
parchment, at the charge of the commoners" in which to keep the records. But "the best laid schemesof mice and men" sometimes went wrong in those days even as they do now, and the beginning of
trouble with the Indians put an end to all attempts at frontier settlement for a time and so prevented
the doing of anything that could fitly be recorded in that book provided " at the charge of the
the property.
commoners."
The second meeting was held April 24, 172 7, at which a board of selectmen consisting of Captain^
Francis Matthews, Captain John Knight, and Paul Gerrish, was appointed, and these selectmen
instructed the committee, which had been appointed at the first meeting, to reconsider a plan of
division.
At the end of five months a plan was submitted but was not satisfactory, and a surveyor
was appointed to lay out the plantation in one hundred and twenty-five lots of sixty acres each, in
ranges from Salmon Falls River to the Harrington line. Each share was to consist of one lot, and the
location of that assigned to any individual proprietor was decided by a veritable " drawing of lots," it
being governed by chance entirely. The drawing was begun in Cocheco, December 13, 1727, and
The comparatively small size of the lots left by far the larger
finished the next day at Oyster River.
portion of the granted tract undisposed of and December 17, 1730, another drawing was held, each lot
The land then divided included a large part of
consisting of at least two hundred and forty acres.
the territory now in Milton and Farmington, and also a level tract which was called Norway plains on
account of its being covered by Norway pines. A considerable portion of this tract was left common
and is now the site of Rochester village, this fact putting one in mind of the biblical saying, " The
stone the builders rejected has become the corner stone of the temple."
The first settler was Captain Timothy Roberts, he established himself in Rochester, December 26,
1728.
The proprietors held their last meeting June 28, 1784, at which time the town clerk became
proprietor's clerk, all documents were placed in his custody, and the office was vested in him and his
successors forever.
it was then that the first conand one wounded and captured.
For several years thereafter the town suffered considerably from the Indians, but when the Revolution
broke out she was in a position to render great service to the cause of freedom, and made a record of
which she may well feel proud. The same may be said of her Civil War record, for she furnished
two hundred and seventy-three men, and paid in bounties the sum of $64,914 responding promptly
June
27, 1746, is a
memorable day
in
the annals of Rochester for
certed Indian attack upon the settlement was made, four
men being
killed
;
to
all calls
for aid.
Since the close of the Rebellion the town has gained wonderfully in wealth and population and
her best friend can wish her no greater good than that the promise of the past and present be justified
by her
future.
�Leading Business Men of Rochester,
Ths Rochester Loan aad Banking
Co., Rochester,
—
N.
jH, The Hi)chester Loan and Banking Companj' was incorporated in 18S7 by virtue of a special charier given b}'
the New llampsliire legislature, and is under the direct
supervision of the banic commissioners, but the extensive
use whicli has already been made of the facilities offered
is not the result alone of the legal safeguards afforded (o
investors, but of these safeguards combined with the
prestige given by the high business and social standing of
those idenlifled Willi the company, the officers and directors being known throughout the State as solid and representative business men, as will be readily agreed after
reading the aniie.xed list of names
Hon. Edwin Wallace, president
Sumner Wallace, vice-president John
L. Copp, cashier; directors, Edwin Wallace, Rochester,
Hon. Frank Jones, Portsmouth, N. H. G. W.
N. H.
Wattles, Carroll, Iowa
Sumner Wallace, Rochester, N.
H.
Charles B. Gafnev, Rochester, N. H.
I Salinger,
Rochester, X. H. C. F.Caverly, Rochester, N. H. The company has a capital of $100,000, paid in, and as a recent
sworn statement .showed a surplus of .fSO.OOO and a total
absence of bad or doubtful accounts and protested or
overdue paper, the financial condition of the enterprise
must be conceded to be exceptionally sound.
Briefly
stated, the advantages oflered by the corporation are as
follows
Receives deposits subject to check
pays five
acts
per cent, interest (free of taxes) on savings deposits
:
;
;
;
;
;
;
;
;
:
;
;
as trustee for individuals and corporations, and ottiicially,
under appointment by the court of this or other States, as
financial agent
offers for sale choice and conservative investment securities paying a snk rate of interest. These
securities are in the form of debenture bonds, bearing six
per cent, interest, payable semi-annually at the bank.
They are issued in series of $100,000, and in denominations of $100. $200, $.500 and $1,000
each series being
entirely separate from the others and secure.l by an equal
amount of real estate first mortgages on improved property worth at least two and one-half times as much as the
amount of the loan. These mortgages are duly trans
ferred to trustees, who hold tbem in trust for the benefit
of purchasers of the bonds, whicli run ten 3'ears but may
be redeemed in five should occasion require. Well informed investors regard these debentures as being practically as good as government bonds, and say that the claim
of tUe company, that its aim is absolute security to the
purchaser and the prompt payment of principal and interest, is fully justified by the facts.
At all events, these
bonds are largely held by banks, insurance and trust companies, educational and benevolent institutions, trustees
and guardians, as well as by private individuals, and the
demand for them is constantlj' increasing. But few corporations have entered the business field under more favorable auspices or with brighter prospects, judging either
by its past experience or future outlook. Its affairs will
continue to have the same energetic, enterprising and conservative management which has gained for itself that
high standing which is a guarantee to all the holders of its
securities that their interests will be protected to the
fullest extent.
The officers of the company whose names
have already been given are men of wealth and experience, and are large holders of its stock, which is a suffi•cient guarantee that the affairs of the company will be
faithfully administered.
;
;
N. H.
E. G. & E. Wallace, manufacturers of Leather, Boots
and Shoes, Rochester, X. H. The enterprise conducted
by Messrs. E. G. & E. Wallace well deserves very prominent mention in an}- review of Rochester's representative
industries, and its history has that peculiar interest which
always attaches to the story of an undertaking built up to
Operations were
vast proportions from small beginnings.
begun away back in 1845, by Mr. James Bodge who was
succeeded by Messrs, Onion & Richards, the present firm
assuming control in 1854. Both partners are natives of
—
Berwick, Me., and both have served as representatives,
Mr E, Wallace having also served as senator. They are
identified with other important enterprises besides the
one under consideration, and rank with the most widely
known and influential business men of Xew Hampshire.
When Messrs. E. G. & E. Wallace assumed control of the
business it was confined to the tanning of leather and even
that was carried on on a small scale, whereas now,
although the firm tan only for themselves, they operate a
tannery having a capacity of 1200 sides per week and find
The manufacture of
that not a bit too large at times.
medium and low price boots and shoes is very extensively
carried on, the total capacity of the shops being 4,000
The plant of machinery in use is not only
pairs per day.
very elaborate but is of the most improved type, and it
comprises not only machines for the carrying out of the
various processes incidental to shoe manufacturing but
also for the production of boxes and lor the doing of
machine repairing, etc., for the firm make their own bo.xes
and repair their own machinery as well as tan their own
The premises utilized include one shop containing
stock.
three stories and a basement and measuring 170 X 3.5
with an ell 65 X 35 feet, another shop of the
dimensions of 120 X 50 feet, and four stories and a
basement in height, a very large tannery, a commodious
storehouse, and many outbuildings of varifire proof
ous sizes. A 150-horse engine is located in the centre
of the works and pjwer is transmitted in four direcEmployment is given to about 750 assistants, and
tions.
we need hardly add that the annual product is of very
feet,
amount and value. The boots and shoes made by
concern are very favorably known among consumers
trade, they ranking with the most uniformly
durable and comfortable goods in the market. No trouble
is spared to keep them fully up to the standard in their
several grades, and they are supplied at the lowest market
rates, the most extensive orders being filled at very short
great
this
and the
notice.
-^
D ENTI ST
No.
5
K-
McDUFFEE'S BLOCK.
ROCHESTER,
-
-
N. H.
�LEADING BUSINESS MEN OF ROCHESTER.
H.—
r. E. Wallace &, Co., Hardnare, Rochester, N.
a stransier in Koehester who had no knowledge of
the fact thai it is one of the most important trade centres
in the State and distributes cxids over a very wide extent
of country would he very liable to guess pretty near the
trulh after inspecting ihe establisliment conducted by
Co for this concern do an
Messrs. F. E Wallace
extremely large business, and its magnitude is indicated
by the size of the premises occupied and the extent and
The premises comprise three
variety of the stock carried.
floors and a basement, measuring 30 X 100 feet, together
addition and a three-story storehouse 40
with a two story
feet square, and the stock includes full assortments of
hardware, agricultural tools, paints, oils, varnishes, glass,
harnesses, horse fiirnishings, etc., the productions of the
leading manufacturers being represented and the lowest
market rates being quoted on all the articles handled.
Despile the magnitude of Ihe business orders are assured
prompt and careful attention, for employment is given to
from three to six assistants, and the members of the firm
exercise close supervision over the many details of tlie
service and thus maintain it at a high standard of effiThe partners are Mr. F. E. Wallace, a native of
ciency.
Vermont, and Messrs. E. G. and E. Wallace, both of
whom were born in Berwick, lie. The junior partner
has served as town treasurer, and both his associates have
held the position of representative, all three gentlemen
being very widely and favorably known not only in business but also in social circles, while the enterprise with
which they are identified is one of the most truly repre-
Even
&
,
sentative in this section of the State.
Dodge's Hotel, J. Thorn Dodge, Proprietor, Central
Square, Rochester, N. H.— Dodge's Hotel is so truly one
of the " instiluiions" of Rochester that those who know
the town must of necessity know the hf tel also, and it
would be well if every city and town had a public house
at which guests would be made so thoroughly comfortable
This hotel has been carried on by the
as they are here.
Dodge family for many years, and the pre.sent proprietor,
Mr. Tl. Thorn Dodge, has fully maintained its high reputation since assuming control, lor he gives the service very
careful personal supervision and is always ready to do
anything in reason to further the comfort and happiness
of his guests. Dodge's Hotel is very conveniently located
in Central square and is a commodious and well-arranged
The
structure having accommodations for about seventy.
sleeping rooms are light, airy and pleasant, the beds and
other furnishings are very comfortable and well kept, the
entire house is thoroughly heated during the colder
months, and in short the appointments, conditions and
management are such as to make Dodge's Hotel a very
The
desirable place to put up at at any time of year.
bill of fare is varied, the quality of the food is excellent
and the quantity abundant, and the cooking is 'Satisfactory
at all
times.
There
is
teams being furnished at
uniformly moderate rates.
an excellent livery connected",
all hours, at short notice and at
L. B. Moulton, Contractor and Builder, E'm Street,
Rochester, N. H.— The work of the contractor and builder
may be said to precede that of nearly every other trade,
for houses and stores must be built before they can be
occupied, and no surer index of the commercial prosperity
of a community is known than that aiforded by the condiWe have, therefore, given
tion of the building industry.
this branch of trade considerable prominence in this book,
and take pleasure in mentioning among the most reliable
contractors and builders to be found in this town 5Ir. L.
B. Moultfm. This gentleman has been engaged in business
in Rochester and vicinity for twenty seven years, and is
well known throughout the trade for the thorough character of his work and the conscientious manner in which
The premises utilized are
all agreements are carried out.
located on Elm street and all necessary facilities are at
hand to give prompt and skillful attention to orders for
6E
building of all descriptions. The shop is located over a
blacksmith shop where Mr. Movdton also attends to arriage repairing and wheelwright work, and also the filing
From one to six men are employed according to
of saws.
Mr. Moulton is very moc crate in his prices,
the season.
and by using honest maierial and insisting upon honest
workmanship he has gained a high and well-deserved rep(
utation-
Harrison Scule, Iron and Brass Founder
Castings of
kinds made at short notice Foundry near Boston &
Depot, Hocliesler, N. H.— The manufacturing
establishments located in Rochester and vicinity are so
man}' and varied that there is a wide and increasing field
for the operations of the enterprise conducted by Mr. Harrison Soule, he carrying on a very thoroughly equipped
brass and iron foundry and being prepared to make castMr. Soule was born in.
ings of all kinds at short notice.
Middleboro, Mass., and has been identified with his present enterprise since 1879, during which time he has won,<
a high reputation for turning out uniformly accurate work
and for filling all orders, large or small, without undue
The premii^es utilized are located near the Boston
delay.
& Maine depot and are 33 X tiO feel in dimensions,
exclusive of an engine and boiler room, cmtaining a
Mr. Soule employs three
twelve horsepower engine.
competent assistants and gives personal attention to the
no defective work being knowingly
filling of orders
allowed to leave the shop. The charges made are uniformly moderate, and in short there is abundant reason
for the wide popularity of this most useful enterprise.
all
;
;
Maine
Hdvirard
Davis, Wholesale Confectioner, Cocheco
Experienced and enterprising
Block, Rochester, N. H.
grocers, apothecaries, variety store keepers and many
others that could be mentioned find that it pays to carry a
stock of first class confectionery, for aside from the profits
made on its sale it attracts custom to other departments of
their business, and verj' desirable custom too, for those
who appreciate high grade confectionery are almost invaDealers
first class goods also.
to obtain confectionery that will give the best of
would do well to place a trial order wiih Mr.
riably large buyers of other
who wish
satisfaction
Edward Davis, carrying on operations in Cocheco Block,
Market street, for he does an exclusively wholesale business and is prepared to furnish thoroughly satisfactory
This business was
goods at the lowest market rates.
founded in 1878 by Messrs. C. A. Davis tt Co., and came
under the sole control of the present proprietor in 1883.
He is a native of Albion, Me., and is very widely and
favorably known in trade circles his siraighlfoi ward and
enterprising methods having gained him many friends.
Every order is assured prompt and painstaking attention
and the goods are exceptionally uniform in quality and
;
may
confidently be guaranteed to prove as represented.
David Hayes, dealer in Coal, Wood, Hay, Ice also
Cement and Fertilizers; Central Square, Rochester, JS.
H. — The business now carried on by Mr. David Hayes was
founded several years ago under the firm name of D.
;
Hayes & Sou. Mr. Hayes is a native of New Hampshire,
and has been in business in Rochester for over twelve
years, and is too well known here to need extended personal mention. Mr. Hayes has an office on Central square,
and handles coal, wood, hay, ice, cement and fertilizers at
wholesale and retail, carrying a large stock and having
It is hardly necessary to say that he is
storage capacity.
in a position to quote ibe very lowest market rates on both
orders, and to guarantee that the quality
large and small
of product should be up to'representations in every
Employment is given to five assistants, and
respect.
despite Hie large l)u-<iness done all orders can, and will, be
given immediate and careful attention. The business is
given the personal attention of the proprietor who has the
The svstem
interests of his patrons in view at all times.
of delivery is unusually good, thus avoiding all unnecessary delays, and the goods furnished are strictly first cla-'^s.
�LEADING BUSINESS MEN OF ROCnESrEll
-62
N. C. Phillips, dealer in Fresh and Salt Fish, Oysters
and Clams. Central Square, Rochester, N. H. There is
hardly a physician of any note but wliat will agree that it
would be well for the health of tlie community as a
whole if more fish and less meat were consumed, for although meat is a valuable and healthful article of food,
still it is hurtful when eaten to excess, and three families
out of five do tmquestionably consume too much of it.
—
The
residents of Rochester are very fortunate as far as the
is concerned, for our local markets are supall seasons with an abundance of fresh and salt
water lish of all descriptions. Among Rochester's dealers
in these products we take especial pleasure in calling attention to Mr. N. C. I'hillipi. doing business on Central
square, for he not only carries an aUractive stock of thoroughly reliable fi-h, oysters and clams, but he quotes
prices as low as the lowest and caters to all classes of
trade, making it a point to show uniform courtesy to
every caller.
Mr. Phillips is a native of Swampscott.
Mass., and founded his present business in 1884, quite an
extensive wholesale and retail trade is now carried on.
Mr Phillips employs only competent assistants, and all
orders are given prompt and painstaking attention, and
every cure is taken to handle only such articles as will
prove just as represented.
fish
supply
plied at
I. A. Collins, Photographer, Hanson Street, Rochester,
N. H.— Probably in no branch of the arts have more
improvements been made during the recent vears than in
the art of photography, and the aviditv with 'which inventions of latter days have been availed o"f bv the profession,
is a convincing proof of the spirit of enterprise, which has
been a distinguishing feature of those interested in this
most available of all arts. Business in this line was begun
at the place mentioned at the head of this article in 1S81
by Mr. .1. C. Whittimore, who was succeeded in 1884 by
the firm of Lampson
Smith, who managed matters untU
the present proprietor, Mr. I. A. Collins, became possessor
of the premises. He is a native of Vermont. The appliance and apparatus used are of the best, and comprise as
perfect an establishment of the kind as can be found in
this section.
Nothing but the very best work is here executed, while the prices are very moderate.
Great care
and attention is paid to each individual in regard to proper
light, position and other surroundings, which are very
•«S3ential in the making of a pleasing as well as a correct
picture.
Mr. Collins has also half of the store on the
street floor where he manufactures and sells picture frames,
and also sells mouldings and pictures. He emplo3's only
thoroughly experienced assistants, who give polite attention to all callers.
&
O. A. Hoyt, dealer in Foreign and Domestic Dry Goods,
Fancy Goods. Hosierv, Ribbons, Laces. Underwear, etc.
Hayes' Block, Central Square, Rochester, N. H.— An
•estiblishraent which stands very high in the estimation of
the residents of Rochester, is that conducted by ilr. O. A.
Hoyt. and located in Hayes' Block, Central square. This
establishment was opened by the present proprietor in
1882.
The premises occupied comprise a spacious store,
80 X 80 teet in dimensions, which contains a stock of both
foreign and domestic dry goods, and fancy soods, hosierv,
ribbons, laces, underwear, etc., which would not suffer bv
comparison with a similar stock offered by any first-cla.s"s
dry goods house. Those who wish to examine all the
latest novelties in dress goods, etc., will save time and
trouble by going direct to this popular store.
The stock
IS given close and painstaking attention,
and will be
found to be complete in everv detail. Low prices rule,
lor the maxim, "quick sales and small profits," is fully
carried out, the result being that the assortment is constantly in process of renewal, and is composed exclusively
of fresh and seasonable goods. Employment is given to
from four to six competent assistants," and everv caller
may depend on receiving immediate and courteous attention, goods being cheerfully shown on application.
Mr.
Hoyt IS a native of New Hampshire, and very well and
favorably
known
in Rochester.
S. Stringer, manufacturer of Soda and Mineral
Waters,
Belfast Ginger Ale, Laeer. Tonic, Ginger. Pineapple'
Rotit Beers, Rochester, N. H.— The development of the business conducted by Jlr. S. Stringer since
its foundation in 1884, is due to the honorable
business
methods of the proprietor. He is a native of Portsmouth,
N. H., and well and favorably known in Rochester. The
premises utilized by him in his business are located on
Hanson street, and are of the dimensions of 50 x TO feet
and are well equipped with all the necessary facilities for
carrying on the business.
Mr. Stringer is a manufacturer
and wholesale dealer in soda and mineral waters, Belfast
ginger ale, lager, tonic, ginger, pineapple, birch and root
beers, and customers may be sure of getting first-class
articles when dealing with this bouse.
Refined cider bottled for family use, and soda in syphon bottles may
be
obtained here, and soda fountains are charged to order
Mr. Stringer employs three competent and reliable assistants, and as he gives the business his own personal supervision, all orders are sure to receive prompt and jjainstaking attention. He is prepared to furnish his soods in
quantities to suit, and is also prepared to give prices on
Birch and
same which cannot
C. A. Davis,
fail to
prove satisfactory.
Manufacturing
—
Confectioner,
Cocheco
Block. Rochester, N. H.
While it is a demonstrated fact
that pure confectionery is not only harmless but beneficial, it is also a fact that impure or carelessly made
confectionery is an excellent thing to leave alone", and hence
when buying candies of any kind it is good policy to take
some little pains to pa'ronize a reputable dealer. One
sure way to get first class confectionery at the lowest
market lales is to place the order with Mr. C. A. Davis
doing business in Cocheco Block, for he is a manufacturer
as well as a wholesale and retail dealer, and has won an
enviable reputation for integrity and enterprise since
beginning operations here in 1-77. Mr. Davis is a native
of Belfast. Jle., and has had long experience in the confectionery business, being thoroughly conversant with it
in every detail.
The premises utilized by him have an
area of 1700 square feet, exclusive of a basement and
a
spacious store-house, and his manufacturing facilities are
such as to enable him to fill the largest orders at short
notice.
A complete and attractive stock is constantly
carried, and as the confections are skillfully made from
carefully selected material they give uniform satisfaction
even to the most fastidious.
Charles M. Bailey, manufacturer of and dealer in Stoves
Kitchen Goods, Furnaces and Hot Water Heating,
Tin Roofing and Tin Shingles a Specialty, .Job Work
done at short notice, Market Street, Rochester, N. H.—
The establishment conducted by Mr. Chas. M. Bailey on
Market street was founded abo"ut ten years ago by Jlr.
Chas. E. Ricker. who was succeeded by the present proprietor in 1836.
This gentleman is a nalive of Littleton,
N. H., and is thoroughly experienced in his present business.
The premises occupied consist of three floors and
basement 30 x 100 feet in dimensions and two spacious
store-houses, where an extensive manufacturing and retail
business is done.
The stock handled includes stoves and
kitchen goods, pumps, lead pipes, sheet lead and zinc, all
of which are offered at market rates, and the tin, wooden,
glass and plated ware and table cutlery sold at this establishment has an enviable reputation for general excellence.
Furnaces and hot w^atar heating apparatus are made a
specialty of, as is also tin roofing and tin shingles, and all
kinds of tin ware is made to order at short notice. Mr.
Bailey has another store in Pittsfield, N. H., where he
carries on an extensive trade in coal, flour and grain, in
addition to the class of goods handled here.
He is prepared to do all kinds of job work at short notice, having
every facility at hand for the proper executi<m of such
work. Employment is given to five competent and reliable assistants, and low rales are quoted on both labor and
aiid
goods.
�—
LEADING BUSINESS MEN OF BOCHESTEB.
indeed a " bargain" store and no mistake, the proprietors
being very close buyers and giving tin ir custcmiers a gen-
A. S. Parshley, General lusurance, Rochester, N. H.—
general iusurauce agency carried on by Mr. A. S.
Parshley at Rochester was^'estahlished by him in 1870. A
very large amount of insurance has been placed through
this agency during the past twenty years, and its record
The
for efficient service and prompt and satisfactory settlements of lire losses is one of which those responsible for its
imanagement have everv reason to be proud. The proprietor. Mr. Parshley, is a "native of Stafford, N. H., and has
long since become thoroughly identitied with the interests
He is a
•of Rochester, and is now cliairmau of selectmen.
pushing, energetic business man, and has been very suc-
cessful inphicing insurance in a manner which has given
He represents
entire satisfaction to all parties concerned.
a goodly list of strong stock and mutual companies, and
the most favorable rates.
is prepared to write policies at
Two thoroughly experienced assistants are employed, and
all communications by mail are given immediate and careThe following list shows the nature of the
ful attention.
Stock comservices Mr. Parshley is prepared to render
Inpanies, assets— .Etna, Hartford, Conn .$10,071,510
surance Company of North America, Philadelphia, $8.National.
Auglo"Nevada, Cal., $'3,569,553;
731,160;
London, Lancashire, Liverpool,
Hartford, $2,443,937
Eag .$2,104,080 Phffinix Assurance Corporation, LonSun Fire OfHce, London, $1,956,331;
don, $1,966,132
Providence Washington, Providence, R. I., $1,164,983
New Hampshire, JLanchester, X. H., $1,588,817 Peoples'
Manchester, $623,593 Granite State, Portsmouth, N. H
Portsmouth Fire. Fire
Mutual companies:
:$456,673.
Underwriters, Fitchburg, Cheshire Co., Concord & H. M.
.& T. Mutuals. Also National Life Insurance of Vermont.
Mr. Parshley also deals in real estate, will negotiate the
purchase or sale of same, negotiate loans or take charge of
^he renting of property.
:
;
,
;
;
,
;
;
;
,
;
W. Emerson &
Co., Druggists, Main Street, Hayes'
The position of the pliarmacist
and responsibilities of both the
professional and business man. and as is always the case
it thus involves peculiar fitness and the combination of
rare and opposite characteri-tics of mind, which we sel•dom find in one individual, in order that the duties and
To the fact that these con•cares may be properly met.
editions of scientific knowledge and business enterprise
;have been exceptionally well filled, is chiefly owing to tlie
marked and increasing success which the establishment
Co. in Hayes' Block
now conducted by E. W. Emerson
E.
Block, Rochester, N. H.
—
>unites the requirements
&
on Main
street.
This establishment was founded by Mr.
erous share of tlie benefits thus derived. The busine.^s
was founded by Mr. E. N. Thorn who was succeeded by
The firm is composed of H. M.
the present firm in 1889.
Hoyt and Mrs. N. F. VVallace. both of whom are natives
of Rochester, their store is of the dimensions of 65 X 20
feet and a fiae stock of imported and domestic dry and
fancy goods is carried, and also ladies' furnishings. Four
competent and relial)le assistants are constantly employed,
and prompt and courteous service is the rule of the house,
and our advice to those who wish good articles and do not
care to pay fancy prices is to give this establisliment an
early call.
J. H. Meserve & Co., manufacturers of and dealers in
Mouldings, Window Frames, Doors, Brackets, Stair l?ails
and Boxes, Planing, Sawing, Turning. Scroll Sawing, etc..
Lumber. Shingles, Clapboards, Glazed Windows, and
Builders' Finish, A'utumn Street, Rochester, N. H.^
Jlessrs. J H. Meserve & Co. have an extended reputation
for furnishing mouldings, window frames, doors, brackets,
stair rails and other house fini.sh, lumber, shingles, clapboards, etc of standard quality in quanties to suit at positively the lowest market rates, and not only is this reputation thoroughly well-deserved but it is the natural and
inevitable consequence of the facilities enjoyed and the
methods pursued by the firm, these facilities and methods
enabling all honorable competition to be easily met. The
business was founded in 1876 by Mr. .7. H. Meserve, the
Mr. Meserve is
present firm name being adopted in 1888.
native of Ruchester and is associated with Mr. George H.
McDuffee a native of Minnesota. The firm buy and clear
timber land and are very extensively engaged in the manufacture of moiddings, window frames, doors, brackets,
stair rails, and boxes, besides doing planing, sawing, turnThe premises made use
ing, scroll sawing, etc., to order.
of are located on Autumn street, and comprise a two-story
mill measuring 50 X 106 feet, besides several commodious
,
The
plant of machinery in use is of the
is very complete, enabling an
immense amount of work to be turned out and reducing
Power is furthe expenses of production to a mininuim.
nished by one fifty and one forty-horse engine and employstorehouses.
most improved type and
ment is given to from fifteen to thirty assistants. A large
stock of lumber, shingles, clapboards, glazed windows and
builders' finish is constantly carried and orders can be
filled without delay, the very lowest market prices being
quoted to both wholesale and retail buyers.
&
S. F. Sanderson, who was succeeded by G. N. Shaw
Co., and so continued until the present tirm assumed conThe premises are of the dimensions of
:trol in 1889.
18x85 feel, and are fitted up with all necessary facilities
and stocked with a complete assortment of pure drugs and
Also books, stationer}',
'first-class druggists' sundries.
Two reliable assistants are emtoilet and fancy goods.
ployed, and special attention is paid to the prescription
department, which is managed with unusual accuracy.
Mr. Emerson is a native of New Hampshire, and is one of
our most successful and popular pharmacists. He has
had thirteen years' experience, having been in the business
eleven years in Farmington, N. H., and has justly earned
the esteem and appreciation of his fellow citizens.
Hsirry
63
M. Hoyt
&
Co.,
Crescent
Bargain
Store,
Imported and Domestic Dry and Faucy Goods, Ribbons,
Gloves, Hoisery, Trimmings and Ladies' Furnishings, No.
4 McDuffee Block, Rochester, N. H. "All is not gold
that glitters," according to the proverb, and no doubt
there is not one of our readers but what has learned from
sad experience that all is not "cheap "that is claimed to
—
Ids so.
Indeed, the word "cheap" has a very elastic
meaning, and it mav be so used as to convey precisely
•opposite ideas at different times, but ta'ke it in the sense
-of "below the regular rates." or synonymous with the
'word " bargains," and it applies very forcibly to the estab-
lishment conducted by Harry M. Hoyt & Co at No. 4
HMcDuffee Block, for the "Crescent Bargain Store," is
,
R. Frank Tibbets, dealer in Watches, Jewelry, Silver
and Plated Ware, Spectacles, etc.. Fine Watch Repairing
and Engraving. No 16 JNIain Street, Wentworth Block,
Among the best known and most reliRochester, N. H.
—
able establishments of the kind in Rochester is that now
conducted by Mr. R. Frank Tibbets at No. 16 Main street,
Wentworth Block. This enterprise was started by W. J.
Lewis, who was succeeded by tlie present proprietor in
1882, since which date it has gained a well-earned reputation for the excellence of its wares, and the fidelity with
which orders entrusted to it are filled, hence its business is
With the advanceprosperous and steadilj' increasing.
ment of any community in wealth, intelligence and culture, the fine arts of decoration and adornment prosper,
and the skill and taste of the jeweler is brought more conTwenty years ago
stantly and generally into requisition.
it would have been impossible to have found customers
for that class of goods, which are now really in the greatThe premises utilized by Mr. Tibbets are of
est demand.
the dimensions of 40 X 20 feet, and the slock carried comfinest grades of watches, and a beautiful selecprises the
tion of jewelry, also silver and plated ware, spectacles,
Fine watch repairing and engraving is done here in
etc.
the most thorough manner, and at very reasonable prices.
competent assistant is employed, while the proprietor
gives his personal attention to the business; he is a man of
judgment and sound business principles and of superior
taste in the selection of his stock.
A
�LEADING BUSINESS MEN OF ROCHESTER.
64
3. G. Morrill & Co., Groceries and Grain. Nos. 63
and 0.5 JIain Street, Odd Fellows' Block, Rochester,
N. H, By a careful examination of the commercial
facilities
enjoyed
by
the
merchants of
Roches-
—
we are led to maUe special reference to
the house of Messrs. J. G. jNIorrill
Co. as a representative one in the line of groceries and grain.
Its rank has
been secured by enterprise, energy and reliable business
methods. It is located at Xos. 63 and 6.5 Main street, in
Odd Fellows' Block, and was opened to the public by this
firm in 1884. The premises occupied comprise a double
store and basement, 60x60 feet each, with an L 1.5X60
feet, and a storehouse 22x60 feet, giving ample accommodations for the large s-tock that is constantly carried, and
for the prosecution of the business upon an e.xlensive
scale.
Kven the most casual observe r. upon visiting this
house, cannot fail to be impresse<l wilh the extent, system
and completeness of the establisbment, and it may be
safely asserted that in quantity, quality, freshness' and
variety the stock carried here has no superior in this section.
In the line of family groceries the firm ileal in the
finest
teas, the purest coffees and spices, the leading
brands of tiour, sugars, syrups and molasses, canned
goods in great variety, preserves, sauces and table delicacies of the most desirable kind.
The stock of grain is
always large, choice and complete, received direct from
the hands of the producer, and sold, both at wholesale
and retail, at the lowest market prices.
Goods are
promptly delivered, and customers are assured complete
satisfaction, not only in the character of the goods, liut in
manifest advantages in terms iind prices. The tirm is
composed of Messrs. .1. G. ilorrill, a native of Maine.
C. F Claverly and J L Swain, both natives of Rochester,
and well and favorably known in this communily.
ter,
&
A. V. Sanborn, Furniture. Undertaker, Floral Designs,
—
Hanson Street. Rochester, N. H. The business conducted
by Mr. A. V. Sanborn on Hanson street is one of the best
managed of its kind in Rochester.
Operations were
begun here by the present proprietor in 187y. He is a
native of Great Falls, N, H and is one of the best known
and most highly esteemed of all our resident business men.
The premises made use of comprise a store 35 X 60 feet in
dimensions, and three floors above, each measuring 50x60
feet.
Mr. Sanborn is an undertaker and dealer in furniture, general goods and floral designs, he carrying a heavy
stock, and being in a position to fill orders at very short
notice, and the stock on hand is so arranged as to make
examination very easy.
Coffins. casketsT etc
will he
supplied at very moderate rates, and the assortment is
sufficiently varied to allow all tastes and circumstances to
be suited. Three assistants are employed, and they are
thoroughly experienced and reliable. The entire charge
of funerals will be undertaken if desired, and every commission will be promptly, faithfully and intellisrently exe.
,
cuted.
Cascade House, A. A. Hayes, Proprietor, Rochester,
N. H. The Cascade House is just such an establishment
as the majority of travellers like to come across for its
proprietor pays more attention to comfort than to style,
and the consequence is that his guests obtain most satisfactory accommodations at most reasonable figures.
Of
course it is hard to define just what is meant by " style,"
for what may seem very stylish to one man niay appear
—
quite the opposite to another, but generally speaking, the
that charge the hrghest
rates for the least satisfactory service.
Jlr.A. A. Hayes'
house has become known as a most excellent place to "get
a good sul)Stantial meal and a comfortable room for very
little money, and there is not a similar establishment in
this section deserving a more liberal patronage.
The bill
of fare is always exlensive, and at all times cf year the
supply of substantials and delicacies is sufficiently abundant and varied to allow of all tastes being suited. The
premises are located on Railroad avenue" and are well
fitted up, and sufficient help is employed to prnmpthattend to the wants of all patrons.
most "stylish" hotels are those
Geo.
W. Sayward,
Rochester, N. H.
enough
— It
Dining Rooms, Hanson Street,.
might seem at first thought easy-
manage a restaurant, but there is no man whohas had much occasion to patronize these places but what
to
will say that the really good ones are a small minority.
Why, is not for us to state; we have our own theories on
the subject, but our readers want facts raiher than theories,
and are naturalh" more interested in learnirg of one good
dining-room than in hearing the reasons why a half-dozen,
are not good.
Therefore we will hasten to call Iheir attention to the dining-rooms, conducted by Mr. Geo. W. Saj'ward and located on Hanson street, for this gentleman isone of the few who know how things should be done and
spares no pains to attain satisfactory results.
Mr. Sayward was born in Maine, and opened bis present place of
business in 1886. The premises can accommodate twenty
guests and are nicely fitted up wilh all the necessary facilities.
But after all the main point to be considered in an
establishment of this kind is the food, and here Mr. Sayward comes out strong, for he supplies his customers wiih
the best the market allnrds, and takes measures to see that,
it is properh' cooked and prompti}' and coiirteously served.
Ice cream is served at all hours either by plate or quantity.
Employment is given to from two to four assistants. Theprices here are very moderate, and a trial of the accommo
dalions will result in another call.
Mrs. M. A. Richardson, dealer in Millinery. Hair and.
Fancy Goods Hair Work of every description made toorder No. 2 McDuffee Block. Rochester. There is oneestablishment in particular which the ladies of Rochester
;
—
;
and vicinity speak very highly of, and that is the one conducted by Mrs. M. A. Richardson at No. 2 McDuilee
Block. 'This enterprise was inaugurated in 1871 by thepresent proprietress, and has been under her skillful management since that date. The premises occupied consist
of half a store and are well titted up the stock on hand
being displayed to excellent advantage.
It comprises
millinery of every description and also hair and fancy
goods, and bears evidence of careful selection in every
department. JIrs, Ricbardfon is a native of Maine, and
has a large circle of friends and patrons in Rochester.
She displays excellent taste both as a milliner and hair
worker. She manufactures hair goods of everj' description, and the general appreciation of the results she attains
is shown by the large patronage enjoyed.
Seven assistants
are employed on an averflge and all commissions are
promptly executed, and uniformly moderate charges,
made. Everj' thing offered for sale here is guaranteed to
prove strictly as represented in every instance and the service is prompt and courteous at all times.
E. P. Sleeper, Meat, Vegetables, and Cannfd Goods,
Odd Fellows' Block, Rochester, N. H. An accommodating spirit and a determination to do the fair thing in every
transaction are powerful aids to success in every businessenterprise, and the}' have not failed to exercise their usual
effect in the case of Mr. E. F. Sleeper, who carries art
business in Odd Fellows' Block, Rochester. Business was
started here by Mr. J. S. Gilman, who was succeeded by
Mr. J. N. Varnej', who gave place to the present proprietor during the current year.
This gentleman is a nativeof Barnslead, N H.. and is well known in this community
as an enterprising and reputable merchant, who neglectsno honorable means to extend his business operations.
Mr. Sleeper's store is of the dimensions of 22 X 50 feet,,
and he claims to have one of the best slocks of meat, vegetables and canned goods in Rochester, and certainly the
assortment he exhibits of these goods is admirable, not
only for its completeness, but also for the standard character of the articles composing it.
A competent assistant
is given employment, and everything is so arranged as to
permit of the prompt and accurate filling of orders, andthose who want superior meat, etc at low prices should
certainly patronize the establishment conducted by Mr. E.
F. Sleeper, in Odd Fellows Block.
—
,
�;
LEADING BUSINESS MEN OF ROCHESTER.
E
McDuffee, Teacher of Instrumental Music, No. 9
McDuffee Block, Rochester, N. H. That a person may
be a most execrable musician and at the same time an
excellent teacher of music, may seem to be a paradox to
J.
—
such of our readers as have never given the matter special
thought but it is as true in the teaching of music as in
that of arithmetic or language, that personal mastery of
;
the subject does not necessarily involve the capacity to
make its details plain to others. Of late years this fact
has come to be generally appreciated, and the result is that
teaching has been elevated to the dignity of a profession,
being no longer considered merely a mechanical occupation which might be successfully followed by anj' one
having the necessary technical knowledge.
The born
teacher never loses interest in even the primary principles
of the art he or she may teach, and it is this exhibition of
interest
this ever free enthusiasm
which inspires tlie
most unresponsive pupils to exert themselves, and which
wins complete success in many a case which would otherwise have resulted in utter failure. Those who are at all
conversant with the methods followed by Mr. J. E.
jNlcDuilee need not be reminded how noticeable is the
interest which he takes in the progress of each of his
pupils, and it is hardly necessary to add that this genuine
personal interest has much to do with the success this
gentleman has met with.
He is considered by good
-lutbority to be one of the best teachers of instrumental
music in New Hampshire, and the record he has made
here proves that judgment to be well founded.
His rooms
are located at No. 9 McDuffee Block, where full information concerning hours of tuition, terms, etc will be given
upon application.
—
—
,
Edwin W. Standley, dealer in Choice Groceries, Tea,
Coffee and Spices, Uocliester, N. H.
Such of our readers
seeking for an establishment where there may
always be found a large and complete stock of groceries,
wlifre the service is prompt and courteous, tlie goods relialile and the prices low, may very prolitably visit the store
conducted by Mr. Edwin W. Standley on Elm street, for
here is just the combination they are looking for.
Doubtless many who read these lines will not need to be told of
the fact stated, for ilr. Standley's establishment is already
well and favorably known throughout this vicinity, and
the extent to whicli it is patronized, affonls the best possible proof that the inducements offered are appreciated.
Tbe proprietor is a native of Falmouth, N, H. He began
operations here in 1883 as successor to Mr. Walter Standley who established the business here in 18?8.
The store
occupi'd Is 50 X 70 feet in dimensions, and the stock
carried is a very well-selected one, comprising choice fam-
—
as are
ily groceries, teas, coffees, spices, etc., flour
quite an assortment of crockery
ment
is
and grain, and
Employ-
also offered.
given to four assistants, and the promptness and
accuracy displayed in the tilling of orders might be profitably imitated by many establishments less extensively
patronized, for two order and delivery teams are constantly
employed in this work
Mr. Standley is in a position to
quote bottom prices, and does so every time. A very
large exchange trade is carried on in farmer's produce of
every description.
is
&
Holt
Morrison, Machinists and Pipers. Particular
attention paid to .Job Work. (Connected with Soule's
Iron and Brass Foundry.) Opposite Union Depot, Rochestee. N.
The firm of Holt
Morrison was formed in
1890. but the business is not of such late origin as this
would indicate for it was founded in 1888 by Messrs.
H—
&
Barry & Morrison, :\Ir. Barry being succeeded by Mr. J. H.
Holt, who is a native of Biddeford. Me., Mr.
N. Morrison being a native of Wolfboro, N. H. Both these gentlemen are thorough mechanit s and have an excellent idea of
the needs of steam users and manufacturers in general, so
the service they offer is both intelligent and comprehensive
and is a distinct benefit to the manufacturing interests of
this section.
The firm are machinists and pipers and con-
W
stantly carry a
good stock of
65
shafting, hangers, pulleys,
pipe and fittings, engines, boilers, pumps and blowers
thus being in a position to fill orders at very short notice.
Pumps and blowers are specialties with this concern and
will be furnished in any desired size at, the very lowest
market rates. Particular attention is paid to job work,
and as the shop is very thoroughly fitted up and is connected with Soule's iron and brass foundry, almost any
work of their kind can be successfully undertaken, and
carried out with very little delay, employment being given
to six competent assistants.
The shop is conveniently
located, opposite the Union Depot, and has an area of
between 1.500 and 2000 square feet.
Joseph Pleury, Drugs and Jledicines, Orange Block,
Rochester, N, H.
It may seem a strange assertion to
make to say that the carrying on of a large number of
drug stores argue well for the public health, but there is
ground for tlie statement for the simple reason that many
drugs depend greatly upon their freshness for their effect,
and the existence of a large number of drug stores has
the result of causing each dealer to carry but a comparatively small stock of any one article, the consequence
being that physicians can depend upon having their prescriptions tilled by the use of ingredients much fresher
than would otherwise be possible— a fact which we commend to the consideration of the few who think that now
as formerly every doctor should compound his own medicines.
Mr. Howe who conducts this store is prominently known throuhout this vicinity, having been the postmaster here fot' about five years. The premises are 75x22
feet in dimensions, and contain a fine assortment of all
that is usually to be found in a first-class drug store.
Three assistants are employed, and great care and attention is given to the compounding of physicians' prescriptions.
Mr. Fleury is a native of Suncook, N. H,, and
opened his store here in 1889. He is a well known business man and the proprietor of a fine clothing establishment in his native town. Many residents of Rochester
can testify to the merits of his pharmaey, and a careful
examination of tbe methods pursued will convince any
one of the value of such an establishment.
—
H.—
Rochester Shoe Co., Rochester, N.
There is every
reason to believe that shoe manufacturing is destined to
becoriie one of the most important of
Hampshire industries, for many extensive eslablishments have been
New
opened in this State of late years and the results attained
have been so favorable as to have attracted the attention
of shoe manufacturers throughout the East. The Rochester Shoe Comiiauy began operations in 1884, the proprietor, Mr. F. W. Breed, being a resident of Lynn, and one
ol the best known manufacturers in that " City of Shoes."
He also carries on a factory at Athol and another at Marblehead, Mass.. and his productions are shipped to all
parts of the country and held in high favor by both consumers and the trade. The Rochester factory is three
stories and an attic in height and 46x150 feet in dimensions, and is fitted up throughout with the most improved
machinery
employment being given to from 2."i0 to 300
assistants, and the capacity per day being about 2500 pairs
of ladies' and misses' shoes in medium and cheap grades.
The Boston oftice is at No. 286 Devonshire street, and the
facilities are such that tbe heaviest orders can be filled at
comparatively short notice and at the lowest market
;
Mr. I. L. Witherell is superintendent of the
Rochester and Athol factories, and to his close and skillful
rates.
supervision the uniformity of merit so noticeable in the
several grades produced at these establishments is to a
great extent due.
Some idea of the importance of Mr.
Breed's plants for shoe manufacturing may be gained
from the fact that his three factories have a combined
capacity of 125 sixty-pair cases per day. I\Ir. Breed is
very prominently known in New England, being one of
the World's Fair commissioners for Massachusetts for the
Chicago Fair, under appointment from President Harri-
�—
LEADING BUSINESS MEN OF ROCHESTER.
66
proprietor "The Glolie " Crockery
Store, Market Street, Rocliester, N. H.
the establishments to which general consent has accorded the leadership in their special line is that conducted
by Mr. Wilder B. Neal on Market street, and "The
Globe" variety store, as it called, has no reason lo avoid
comparison with any similar enterprise in Rochester. We
make this assertion advisedly, and after a careful review
of the subject may add without egotism that we have had
exceptional opportunities to form an adequate opinion regarding the comparative standing of anj' eslablishment of
tlie sort mentioned.
The enterprise was established in
1884 by the present proprietor who has shown from the
first that he would not be content with any second place
in his line of business.
Mr. Neal is a native of Farmington, Me., and is widely known and highly esteemed in
this communitv, because of his honorable business methods and the enterprise at his popular store. The premises
used are 19x80 feet in dimensions. Crockery, tinware
very
and toys of all descriptions are largely dealt in.
fine and large assortment of crockery and glassware is
carried from which to select, and we need not inform those
who have patronized thi.s store that all goods are sold at
the very lowest rates, but to those who have not we will
say no greater bargains are to be found in Hochesler, and
certainly no such stock of goods from which to select.
specialty is made of picture framing, which is done to
order at short notice and at very reasonable rates.
Wilder B. Neal,
and Variety
Among
A
A
P. L. Chesley, Hatter, ]\Iarket Street, Rochester, N.
H. Among those doing business in Rochester none is
better known than Mr. F. L. Chesley, who is town clerk
and has a large circle of friends, by no mean.* confined to
any particular section The establishment now conducted
by Mr. Chesley was founded by Sir. James Smith, who
was succeeded by F. H. Orr, who gave place to C. H.
Chase about 1878, the present proprietor assuming control
—
of the business in 1883.
The premises utilized are
located on Central squar.-, and are about 500 square feet
in size, where a fine stock of all the latest styles of gents'
hats is constantly kept on hand as well as a very complete line of gents' furnishings.
Mr. Chesley's gootls are
perfectly reliable, and are, in fact guaranteed to prove as
represented.
So that no fears need be entertained that
anything bought of him will not prove satisfactory, and
the purchaser can well feel sure that all he buys will be
sold at prices as low as the lowest.
The services of a
courteous and well informed assistant are employed, and
castomers are assured polite treatment and honorable
dealings.
H. Bumham's Ladies' and Gents' Oyster and Dining
Charles W. Hoyt, Clerk; Cigars and Tobacco;
Oysters constantly on hand 9 Hanson Street, Rochester,
S.
Rooms;
;
—
N. H
Considering that Mr. S. H. Burnham has been
engaged in feeding the public for about twenty years it
would be strange if he didn't understand the business by
this time, and as a matter of fact we believe he does know
about
there
be
known about
for his establishment at No. 9 Hanson street, is as satisfactory a place for
a hungry man (or woman eilher, for that matter) to visit
as we have ever had the good fortune to find.
Meals may
be had at all hours, and we are sure that even the most
fastidious will find no reasonable cause for complaint at
the food, the cooking or the service, for all are first-class,
and quantity is looked after as well as quality. Accommodations can be made to seat fifty guests, and six competent
assistants are employed.
Oysters are constantly kept on
hand and can be served in any desired form cigars and
tobacco are also carried, and every thing is .sold at very
moderate prices. Mr. Burnham is a native of Farmington, N. H.
he began operations here in 1861. In connection with his oyster and dining rooms, he also carries on a
bakery, and is prepared to cater to parties, etc., at short
notice and very reasonable terms. Mr. Chas. W. Hoyt
acts as clerk for the restaurant, for which position he is
all
is to
it,
;
;
indeed, well adapted.
Mansion House. N.
to the
F.
Ham,
Dramatic Profession
;
Reduced Rales
Sample Room Con-
Proprietor.
First-class
nected Heated by Steam Electric Bells. Main Street,
Rochester, N. H. The Mansion House was originally
opened by Mr. L. H. Wtntworth in 1867. Several changes
were made in the management, when Messrs. Cotton &
Ham took the management of it in 1887. During the year
Mr. Cotton retired, and Mr. N. F. Ham assumed sole control of the house, and the Mansion House has never been
more skillfully and liberally conducted than has been the
;
;
—
He is a native
case since Mi-." Ham became its proprietor.
of New Durham, N. H.. and is one of the few men who
have a " natural gift" lor hotel keeping, for it is only such
men that are able to so manage as to make their guests
While at the same
feel perfectly at home and at ease.
time maintaining that order and propriety essential to the
conduct of a really first class house. The house is located
on Main
street.
It is
out with electric
heated by steam and is fitted throughThe beds and other furnishings
Employment is
in every particular.
bells.
are strictly first-class
given to from eight to ten competent assistants, and the
service, at the table and elsewhere, is prompt, intelligent
and courteous. The house has accommodation for sixty
gives special attention to the cmsine,
Mr.
guests.
and the bill of fare is varied enough to suit all tastes,
while the best the market afibrds is placed before the
There is a' finely
guests at all seasons of the year.
equipped sample room connected with the hotel. The
terms to all are very moderate, while reduced rates are
given to the dramatic profession, and all strangers visiting
Ham
Rochester may avoid much annoyance by putting up at
the house.
good livery stable is connected with the
hotel, where first class livery accommodations can be had
at moderate charges.
A
Wm.
Bell, Dry Goods and Groceries, River Street,
Generally speaking, it is safe to say
that it always pays for a business man to keep faith with
his customers, and, although there are some who believe
differently, and think that "sharp practice" is profitable
and " smart," the success they generally meet with is not
pronounced enough to prove their position. The enviable
reputation held by the establishment conducted by Mr.
Wm. Bell on River street could never have been built up
by questionable methods, and the projirietor may well take
pride in maintaining an enterprise which has so good a
name in the community. Mr. Bell opened his present
store in 1879, since which date his business has increased
to such proportions as to require the enlargement of his
store
in connection with which he uses a roomy storeHe carries a fine stock of staple and fancy grohouse.
ceries, and also dry goods, which have been carefully
selected and are of a qualitj- which renders them acceptThe prices on all goods are
able to the most fastidious.
below the average. Only capable assistants are employed.
Orders are promptly and carefully filled, and every caller
is assured immediate attention and courteous treatment.
Rochester, N. H.
—
—
�LEADING BUSINESS MEN OF BOCEESTER.
07
ized by him in carrying on his business is of the dimen
sions of 60
25 feet in which a tine stock is to lie seen,
consisting of stoves, furnaces and ranges, and tin, iron,
Mr.
glass and wooden ware is handled in great variety.
Cooper is prepared lo (|Uote the lowest market rates on all
goods dealt in. and to guarantee everything to be exactly
From one to three expeas represented in every instance.
rienced assistants are employed who are courteous and
Roofing and furnace Wr^rk is
l>ronipt in all respects.
given special attention, and repairing of all descriptions is
—
X
done
most thorough manner and
in a
facilities for
i;ives all
doing such work being
work
his
own
at small prices, llie
first class.
Mr. Cooper
personal supervision.
Rochester Steam Laundry, George F. Willey, Jr proCorner Main and Arrow
prietor.
All Gooils C. (). D.
sometimes hear pcple say
Streets, Rochester, N. H.
Ibey can't afford to send their clothes to a public laundry,
,
— We
butin the majority of such cases if the matter were accurately figured out it would be found that as a matter of
fact, they can't afford to have their washing done at liomi',
Everybody knows how " washif they did but know it.
day " upsets the average family, making a vast amount of
rxtra work, causing everybody to feel uncomfortable and
lining the house with steam and bad odors, and many
know
that physicians trace
many
a case of serious sickness
"economical" practice, which thus saves laundry
and gives the doctor a chance to make a dollar.
I'hose who patronize a laundry have one solid satisfaction
all events, they know just what this washing is costing
iliera, and that is much more than can be said of those
who consume fuel, hire help and expose their families to
sickness, and after all don't attain half such satisfactory
results as are assured to all sending their goods to a firstlo this
liills
il
class public establishment, as, for instance, the
Rochester
Steam Laundry, located on the corner of Main and Arrow
TiLTON
(S:
Krhards, Sole Agents.
&
Richards, Watchmakers and Jewelers, No. 3
McDufEee Block, Uociiester, N. H.— The establishment
located at No 2 McDuffee Block, occupies a prominent
It is one of
position among similar houses in this town.
the most complete and attractive stores of its kind in
reliable stock of goods embracing
Rochester, and curries a
a fine variety of watches, clocks, jewelry, and optical
goods. The store (or rather tlie half store, as part of it is
devoted to the sale of fancy goods, etc.) is 20 X 80 feet in
dimensions. The proprietors, Messrs. G. H. Tilton and F.
I. Richards are both natives of Rochester, and ire very
well known and highly esteemed gentlemen. They began
operations here in 1888 as successors to Jlr. M. H. Osgood,
who had then carried on the business for about twelve
The firm conduct their business on a high plan of
years
honor with fair representation of all goods, and one price,
They have always tried to carry on
that the very lowest.
business to the satisfaction of their patrons, and from the
amount of patronage now enjoyed it is fair to presume
they have succeeded. Special attention is paid to the
repairing of watches, jewelry, etc., and the most intricate
job will be satisfactorily performed in a workmanlike
manner at exceedingly moderate rates. Special attention
given to fitting glasses and spectacles to impaired vision.
A good line of optical goods in stock.
Tilton
Leroy G. Cooper, Stoves, Furnaces, Ranges, Repairing
Roofing and Furnace work.
of all kinds done to order.
Tin, Iron, Glass, Japan and Wooden Ware, 44 Market
Street, Rochester, N. H.— The establishment conducted
by Mr. Leroy G. Cooper at No. 44 Market street, has only
been in operation a short time, but during that time has
proved entirely successful as is only natural as the proprietor has spared no pains to completely satisfy all those
—
who have
question
is
given him their custom. The gentleman in
a native of Parsonsfield, Me. The store util-
The
proprietor of this popular enterprise, Mr.
George F. Willey, Jr., is a native of this town, and has
carried on business here 8in,ce 1885, and has built up an
extensive and desirable patronage, which is steadily
The business has increased to such proporincreasing.
tions that the old quarters occupied recently on Central
Square could not accommodate it and the proprietor was
forced to provide new quarters with greatly increaseii
facilities for doing the work, both in room and improved
machinery, hence the present site, formerly known as
Cole's estate, was obtained, and a new two-story building,
00x40 feet, was built, with a fine basement under the
whole. This building has been fitted up and new machinery added to the plant before in use at an expense of about
$7000. It includes a steam dry room of ten racks, and as
family washing is to be a specialty, a mangle for that purpose has been put in. Agencies in nearly every town in
the State are being established, the capacity being suflicient
for any amount of work, and everything is reduced to a
With these
system, so that errors are thus obviated.
increased facilities in room and latest improved machinery,
streets.
Mr. Willey is enal)led to do first-class work and quote
very low prices. All work is guaranteed, to the satisfacEmployment is given to from twelve
tion of customers.
to fifteen assistants, and the largest orders can be filled at
the shortest notice.
The
block opening on Main
office
is
in front of the
brick
street.
WORCESTER & GREENFIELD,
Books, Stationery and Fancy Goods
ROCHESTER,
N. H.
�LEADING BUSINESS MEN OF ROCHESTER.
This concern has a well-earned reputation for
furnishing machinery that fully bears out all claims made
figures.
concerning
it, and manufacturers throughout this section
naturally appreciate such a policy and place a large proportion of their orders with Messrs. Clark & Furnald.
The company give particular attention to repairing, and
are in a position to guarantee satisfaction in this important department of their business, not only as regards the
quality of tlie work and the charges made" hut also in connection with the promptness with which orders are filled,
as the facilities available are such as to obviate all unnecessary delay.
The premises made use of are located in
Jlechanic Square and comprise a machine shop occupying
two floors of the dimensions of 30x60 feet, together with
a spacious foundry.
Employment is given to from six to
twelve experienced assistants.
All sizes of pipe and fittings are constantly on hand and will be furnished in any
desired quantities at the lowest market rates.
&
Hofmann
Wolf, Ladies' Furnishing Goods. Kid
next to Post-Office, Rochester, N. H.— The
most successful buyer is the one who discriminates the
most sucessfuUy between "goods cheap" and "cheap
Gloves,
etc.,
it is just such a buyer who will find the most
admire in the assortment of ladies' furnishing goods,
fancy goods, .small wares, etc., offered by Messrs. Hofmann & Wolf, for these gentlemen carrv on business on
the " quick sales and small profits " system, and both the
goods and prices combine to form a powerful argument in
goods," and
to
Rochester Foundry and Machine Co. (successors to
E. Clark.) manufacturers and dealers in Engines.
Boilers, Feed Pumps. Shafling, Hangers, Pulleys, Shaving
E.xhausters, Mill JIachinery, etc., Mechanic Square, Rochester, N. H.— The Rochester Foundry and Machine Company was organized in 1887 to continue the business
founded by Mr. Charles E. Clark in 1880, the proprietors
being Messrs. C. E. Clark and J. C. Furnald, the former a
Cbiis.
favor of patronizing this store. The residents of Rochester are too intelligent not to perceive the force of an argu-
ment of this kind, and the natural result is that this store
is becoming a popular resort, and is gaining in favor daily.
The firm in question is made up of 5Iax Hofmann and
Benny'iWolf. they began their present business here in 1889.
in use are located on Hanson street, next
door to the post-office. The firm give personal attention to the business and as a result, all customers are sure
The premises
The goods dealt
guaranteed to be strictly as represented.
of being promptly and politely served.
in are
J.
M. Humphrey, Watches, Clocks, Jewelry and
Repair-
—
ing and Telephone Exchange, Rochester, N. H. Every-'
body ought to have a reliable watch for time is money
nowadays and no one can afford to waste his own or anybody else's time, in business hours at all events, and one
of the first things to do if you would avoid such waste is
to get a watch that can be entirely depended upon.
Don't
say you can't afford it, for dependable watches are sold at
such low figures at the present time that they are within
the means of all.
If you doubt this fact call at the establishment conducted by Mr. J. M. Humphrey, on Main
street.
He can show you a full line of reliable watches in
gold and silver cases, and is prepared to name prices that
will compare favorably with those quoted by any other
dealer.
ises
ware and
prices on
in,
optical goods,
all
occupied are about
reliable assistants
native of Duver and the laller of Exeter.
The company
are manufacturers ot and dealers in engines, boilers, feed
pumps, shafting, hangers, pulleys, shaving exhausters,
mill machinery, etc., being prepared to furnish these and
kindred commodities at short notice and at moderate
and so is jewelry,
and Mr. Humphrey
The premsquare feet in size, and two
Clocks are also largely dealt
silver plated
names low
the goods he handles
3.iO
are employed.
Particular attention
is
given repairing, the work being done in a skillful and
painstaking manner, and orders being filled at short notice
at
moderate rates. Mr. Humphrey is a native of Boston,
and began his present business during the current
He has also a telephone exchange located in his
Slass.
year.
store.
,
�-««SW«?J«^
^jiOH 'MUtMnvitt^
)
;g^.>flt
Eyk
Biiiu's
\'iew
Farmington.
OP'
HISTORICAL SKETCH OF FARMINGTON
AND
The
history of Farmington
is
POINTS OF INTEREST.
ITS
quite devoid of those romantic and exciting features which figure
Portsmouth and other early
so prominently in the story of the settlement and development of Dover,
Farmington was not incorporated until very near the opening of the present century,
Indian troubles had ceased and nearly a score of years after the colonies had fought for
and won their independence. Thus the annals of the town record peaceful progress rather than "hair
breadth 'scapes 'mid flood and field," and those who are interested only in accounts of war and
adventure must turn to the history of Rochester to find such tales relating to Farmington's territory,
settled towns, for
long after
for the
by
all
town was
originally a part of Rochester and during the years
the hostile Indians
who
from 1745
to 1749
was overrun
terrorized that settlement.
territory was decided upon April 20, 1730,
up that portion of their grant of land which had not
previously been disposed of, into lots of not less than two hundred and forty acres each. The lots
were drawn December 17, 17.'iO, the territory affected comprising the greater part of that now included
The first settler came to Rochester in December, 1728, and it was not
in Milton and Farmington.
until seventy years afterward that that portion of the township which is now Farmington had a
sufficient number of inhabitants to warrant its being set off from the parent town, Farmington being
incorporated December 1, 1798. The first town meeting was held March 11, 1799, and Aaron Wingate
was chosen moderator Jonas C. March, town clerk and Ichabod Hayes, Ephraim Kimball, and
David Roberts were chosen as selectmen. At that time the office of constable was considered very
desirable, and hence with true Yankee shrewdness the townspeople voted " that the privilege of being
a constable in said town of Farmington the present year shall be sold at vendue to the highest bidder,
and the purchaser to give bonds to the satisfaction of the selectmen for the faithful performance of
It is evident that our forefathers did not hold to the modern maxim, " the office should
his duty."
He was granted
seek the man." Ensign Samuel Knowles bought the position of constable for §21.25.
The first recorded division of what
when the Rochester proprietors voted
;
is
now Farmington
to cut
;
�niSTORICAL SKETCH OF FARMIKOTOK.
70
a tavern license the
same year, and so were four others
and licenses to retail foreign distilled spirituBenjamin Rnndels, and Eiezear Pearl.
Farmington's territory was made about 1770 near the point now known as
ous liquors were granted to Joseph Holmes,
The
first
settlement
in
Lakeman
;
&
I\rarsh,
and that was the center of what little business there was, among those settling there
from 1770 to 1783 being Benjamin Furber, Samuel Furber, Richard Furber, Samuel Jones, Benjamin
Chesley and Paul Demeritt. Other settlers in various parts of the town were Joseph Leighton, Levi
Leighton, Moses Home, Caleb Varney, and Judge Wingate. The first school-house was built about
1791 and was located at Merrill's Corners; the first meeting-house was erected on Robert's Hill,
about two miles south of Farmington village, near the birth-place of Henry Wilson.
As its name indicates, Farmington was long a distinctively agricultural community, and, indeed,
farming is still extensively and successfully carried on, for much of the town is fertile although its
surface is very hilly and in parts mountainous.
In the southwestern portion is located Blue Job
Merrill's Corners,
:
Main Stkekt, Farmington, N.
H.,
looking South.
Mountain, so called because it was once owned by Job Allard and is one of the Blue Hill range.
There is a wide-spread and beautiful view from its summit, ranging from the White Mountains to the
ocean, ships off Portsmouth harbor being plainly visible to the naked eye.
The town is well watered,
Mad, Ela, and Waldron rivers. The Cocheco River rises in
and enters Farmington near the northern corner of the township, flowing soutlieast
across its entire width.
Farmington village is situated on this stream, between it and the Ela River,
which also rises in New Durham and empties into the Cocheco just below the village. West Farmington is located in the northwestern part of the town and Merrill's Corners in the southwestern part.
Mad River is well named, for it is a typical mountain stream, and when swelled by heavy rains or
the effects of a sudden thaw, dashes turbulently along, overflows its banks and seems possessed by a
mad desire to sweep everything before it. Sometimes a storm lasting but two or three hours will
cause it to rise many feet, move boulders weighing thousands of pounds and destroy everything in
the principal streams being the Cocheco,
New Durham
its
path.
�msTORICA L SKETCIt OF FA RMINO TOA\
71
The other rivers are much more reliable and there are some valuable water powers in town. The
outlines of Farraington are very regular, in that respect resembling those of the adjoining town of
Strafford and forming a decided contrast to the "crazy patchwork" shapes of New Durliam, Middleton
and Milton, which bound Farmington on the north and east. Rochester bounds it on the east and
south, and Strafford on the south and west, New Durham also forming a part of its western boundary.
The business of the town is principally centered at Farmington village, the site of which is situated
on what was known in bye-gone days as the "old John Ham farm." The first frame bouse to be built
The village is on the line of the Dover & Winniat this point was erected in 1781 by John Roberts.
pesaukee Railroad, a branch of the great Boston & Maine system, and as the adjoining town of
Rochester is a great railroad center, direct communication with all parts of the country is enjoyed by
Farmington business men. The completion of the Lake Shore Railroad, extending from the terminus
at Alton Bay to Lake Village, gives direct connection with
Montreal Railroad, and adds very materially to Farmington's transportation facilities.
Shoe manufacturing is the principal industry of the village and has given rise to various tributary
Shoe making,
industries, the most important of which is the manufacture of wooden and paper boxes.
of the
Dover and Winnipesaukee Railroad
the Concord
&
or rather the production of what was then
known
as "
Natick
sale
work," was begun
in
Farmington
in
1836 by Elijah H. Badger. The product was called Natick sale work from the fact that it consisted
brogan manufacentirely of brogans, and the town of Natick, Mass., at that time led the country in
Mr. Badger failed to make his enterprise profitable and in about a year left town but the
turing.
about this
shoe industry was not abandoned, Martin L. Hayes, a native of Farmington, beginning it
time on a vei-y small scale. His business steadily grew and he became the largest shoe manufacturer
;
New Hampshire. Mr. Hayes was no believer in that "dog in the manger" policy which seems to
actuate some men, on the contrary he used his best endeavors to get other manufacturers to come to
Farmington, and did not hesitate to give substantial aid to such enterprises as seemed calculated to
advance the interests of the community as a whole. Nor did his public spirit stop here. He manithe
fested it in many different ways, and to him more than to any other one man, is the existence of
in
beautiful shade trees which add so much to the attractiveness of the village due, for he not only
persuaded his fellow townsmen to plant trees, but set them the example by placing many shade and
Some of Farmington's present business men are noted for their public
fruit trees on his ow'n grounds.
by the memory
spirit, and who can say how much they have been encouraged in their good works
which Martin L. Hayes left behind him? It is true that "the evil that men do lives after them," but
" the good is oft interred with their bones."
Good is mere nearly immortal than evil
it is not true that
and the effects of good deeds remain, although doubtless in many cases the doer of them is forgotten.
Shortly after Mr. Hayes began operations, George M. Hening came from Natick to Farmington
many
and engaged in the same line of business. He also was a man who lived for others as well as for
The success
himself, and worked hard and efficiently to promote the best interests of the co.amunity.
From small beginnings
attained here in shoe manufacturing soon began to attract outside capital.
the trade has grown to its present magnitude.
The first wax-thread sewing machine ever used for shoe work in New Hampshire, was brought
He is now superintendent and manager of
to Farmington by Mr. Cloutman about the year 1855.
producthe factory of Wallace, Elliott & Co., in this village the establishment being devoted to the
three and four
tion of ladies', misses', and children's fine boots, and affording employment to between
Altogether there are five large shoe factories in Farmington and one heel factory,
hundred hands.
;
employment to about one thousand two hundred operatives of both sexes.
Farmington shoe manufacturers learned the business in Natick, being drawn to
went to
that town by the fact that the late Vice-President Henry Wilson, a native of Farmington,
Natick in 1833, commenced business for himself in 1838, and soon became a prominent manufacturer
and
this industry affords
Many
there.
in
of the early
Some of the young men from Farmington lived with his family part of the time they stayed
among them being Martin L. Hayes, whom we have before had occasion to mention. He
birth-place,
life-long friend of Henry Wilson, and deeded to the town of Farmington the latter's
Natick,
was a
marking the spot on which the house had stood by a great boulder weighing about twelve tons and
"Henry Wilson, vice-president U. S. A., born here February 12, 1812."
inscribed
:
�HISTORICAL SKETCa OF FARMINOTOK
T2
Like
all
other prosperous manufacturing villages of large population, Farmington contains
well-stocked stores and a very extensive retail trade
is
carried
on at
all
Some
times.
many
of the stores
are very spacious and are handsomely fitted up, presenting a very attractive appearance, especially in
make liberal use of the gas furnished by a local
company, which was incorporated in 1886 with a capital of §60,000. This gas is made from naphtha
and is of a very superior quality the bright, white light it gives at once attracting the attention of
The
one accustomed to the dingy yellow flame, characteristic of gas made in the ordinary way.
service thus far has given excellent satisfaction and the facilities offered by the company are being
very generally availed of.
Hon. J. F. Cloutman is president Hon. C. W. Talpey, treasurer and
Hon. E. T. Wilson, manager.
There are two banks in town
the Farmington Savings Bank, chartered June, 18G8, and the
Farmington National Bank, organized, July, 187'J, with a capital of §100,000.
Many representative
business men are identified wiih one or both of these institutions, and as a natural consequence both
the evening, for the more enterprising store-keepers
;
;
;
:
Central Square,
F,vi;mixi, iu.n, >..
11.
An idea of the standing of the
managed and enjoy the entire confidence of the public.
Savings Bank and the opportunity offered for remunerative employment in Farmington may be
gained from the following: May 1, 1882, the deposits amounted to §212, 552. 83 ; September, 1890,
are well
— a gain of some 300 per cent,
in about eight years.
have been looked after by the Faruiinr/ton Neics, published
This is a handsome and well-edited weekly, has a circulation of about 1,500
by J. E. Fernald & Son.
and a good advertising patronage, and is a credit to the town and to its managers.
Farmington has had its ups and downs the same as every live community has its prosperity has
been checked by fire, by national business depression, and by other causes from the effects of which no
town is exempt, but on the whole progress has been steady and at times rapid and, considering the
advantages of location, the ability and resources of local manufacturers and merchants, and their high
they amounted to $646,628,44
Since
March
14, 1879, local interests
;
;
confidence in the future of the community, there seems good reason to believe that confidence justified
not only from a sentimental but also from a sternly practical standpoint.
�LEADING BUSINESS MEN OF FARMINGTON.
Sanitine
Remedy Company,
Hemedy
Proprietors of
Blake's
Cough Balsam, etc., Albert Garland, Secretary and Manager, Farmington, N. H.
There are two ways of estimating the
value of a remedy, the first is to see if the claims made
concerning its mode of action and efficacy are in accor'Vearetable
for t'onstipalion, Blake's
—
with common sense and known physiological
the second is by investigation of the results attendBy a combination of these methods
ing its practical use
the actual status of any remedy mny be readily and accurately determined.
Let us apply them then to a preparation in which the residents of Farmingtou have reason to
be particularly interested for it is manufactured here by a
dance
truths
witli
identified some of the
of this section of the State.
which are
prominent business men
most
We
refer to Blake's Vegetable Remedy, formerly known as
Blake's Sanitine, and supplied to the trade by the Sanitine
Remedy Company, the sole proprietors. The full name
of this medicine is " Blake's Vegetable Remedy for Constipation," and the claim is made that it will cure constipation, whether recent or chronic, and that it is therefore
of great value in the treatment of dyspepsia, kidnej' and
liver diseases, piles and headache, and will remove moth
patches and pimples on the face and do away with " that
tired feeling," which is so common, especially among the
gentler sex.
No well-informed person, and particularly
no experienced physician, will deny that constipation or
costiveness is the cause of a host of diseases and hence if
Blake's remedy can cure constipilion its great value in the
treatment of many serious disorders must be admitted.
But can it? Read the following testimonials and judge
for yourself:
Lynn, JIass.
Sanitine Remedt Co. I have beeu troubled with constipation all
-mj life. I wag advised to take Blake's Remedy, and it has cured me.
—
MRS. W.
K.
EATON.
SonTH Bkewick. Me.
Sanitine Remedy Co.— For three years I have suffered the tortures
of obstinate constipation have used every known remedy, and have
;
failed to tiud relief or even benefit nntil I took your valuable constip.a*
tion cure— Blake's Remedy. I have taken three bottles previous to
Uarch, '88, and consider myself cured, having taken nothing since that
time. I cannot speak too highly of it, and earnestly recommend it. It
is truly wonderful.
G. WHITEHOUSE.
JAMES
Certainl}' there is no mistaking the meaning of these letters
but perhaps some of our readers may desire direct
proof thit Blake's Remedy can cure some of the specific
diseases we have mentioned.
Here it is
;
:
Farmington,
G^wfe— For ten years
I
IN".
H.
have suffered from malarial poisoning and the
obstinate constipation.
The
disease progressed so rapidly that
kidneys were diseased. I consulted many physicians of repute,
*inong them my old army surgeon of New Jersey. I took almost everything, bat the disease gained upon me. and I was obliged to give up my
'bnsiness to my sons. I have taken Blake's Remedy four months, and
I feel like a new man. 1 feel justified in «aying that it is the most
wonderful remedy I ever saw. I would most earnestly recommend it to
'Comrades who are suffering from malaria, or anvbody else who is
•Buffering from diseased liver or kidneys.
ALONZO NUTE.
my
^y
MRS. GEO. HOLDEN.
Cape Elizabeth, Me.
Sanitine Remedy Co,— I have been troubled with bloody piles for
forty years and have tried almost every kind of medicine without
receiving any help until 1 took Blake's Remedy, which has entirely
cured me, and I cannot sav too much in its praise. Yours truly,
;
company
most
Derrt Depot. N. H.
I have been troubled with sick headache uud bad feelings in my
stomach I have taken Blake's Remedy and it has cured me.
MRS.
A
SARAH
R.
welI-know.n lady of Wolfboro, N. H., wiites
I
me
have
tried
GOULD.
:
almost everything for moth patches that have troubled
seemed to do any good. My face was
for a long time, but nothing
literally
covered, and
1
felt
ashamed
to
go
—company.
into
While
riding one morning, I noticed your advertisement "Blake's Remedy
clears the complexion "—and bought a bottle. Since then I have taken
six bottles, and my skin is clear and smooth.
The Sanitine Remedy Co. have received several thousand
just such testimonials as these and to print them all would
require an entire book the size of this one, but " a word to
the wise is sufiicient," and we will only add that these testimonials are not signed b}' people living on the other side
of the continent but come from points near at home, and
that the company will forward the original of an)^ testi-
we have presented to any person doubting its
If additional evidence of the company's
faith be wanted it may be found in the standing of
the men ideiitlQed with it, the officers and directors being
monial
authenticity.
good
as follows
president, John F. Ooutman vice president,
Jared P. Tibbetts secretary and treasurer, Albert Garland
directors, Chas. W. 'Talpey, John F. Cloutman,
James B. Edgerly, Asa A. Hall, Dwight E. Edgerly,
Albert Garland, Jared P. Tibbetts. Mr. Cloutman has
served as State senator, Mr. Garland is one of the Farmington selectmen and is a first lieutenant in the State
militia, Mr. Talpey has been State senator and is treasurer
of the Farmington Savings Bank, Mr. James B. Edgerly is
cashier of the Farmington National Bank, Mr. Hall has
been deputy sheriff and postmaster, and Mr. Dwight E.
Edgerly has beeu representative and is county commissioner.
The company was formed in 1888, but Blake's
Remedy has been on the market four years and is kept in
stock by all the Boston and Portland wholesale druggists
and by retail druggists throughout the country who sell it
for .^1.00 per bottle or six bottles for |5.00, and report a
very extensive and rapidly growing demand for it. The
company are also proprietors of Blake's Cough Balsam,
which is warranted equal to any in the market. It is
agreeable to take and is perfectly safe besides being economical to use for the dose is small, the bottle large,
and the price is but 35 cents. The balsam is sold by all
druggists and is steadily gaining in popularity as it quickly
cures coughs, colds, bronchitis and all diseases peculiar to
the throat and lungs.
All correspondence should be
addressed to Sanitine Beynedy Co.. Farmington, N. H.
:
;
;
;
:
�<
LEADING BUSINESS MEN OF FARMING TON.
A. F. & H. O. Waldron, manufacturers of Wooden and
Paper boxes, and dealers in Lumber, Farmington, N, H.
It is, of course, important for tlie manufacturers of any
article to be prepared to fill orders promptly and accurately and at tlie lowes-t market rates, but this is particularly the case with those engaged in the production of
boxes, for the competition in this branch of industry is so
close and keen that only the providing of an exceptionally
—
ensure success in it. It is evident
that Jilessrs. A. F.
H. C. Waldron thoroughly appreciate
this condition of affairs, for although they have long been
efficient service will
&
successfully engaged in the manufacture of boxes they
have recently materially improved their facilities and
hence can now fill their steadily increasing orders even
more satisfactorily and promptly than ever before. Both
wooden and paper boxes are manufactured, a s-pecialty
being made of those adapted to the wants of the shoe
trade, and the firm are prepared to furnish shoe cases and
cartons of superior quality at bottom prices, and to fill the
most extensive orders at very short notice, for they utilize
an elaborate plant of the latest improved machiuery,
including a machine for which they own the right witiiin
a radius of twenty miles of Farmington, and can furnish
product to customers within that territory.
This
its
machine turns outa carton made without scoring and with
double lieads, it being not only tnuch stronger than any
previously oflfered but also neat in appearance, wliile it
can be furnished at a figure considerably below that
quoted on cartons made in the ordinary manner. The
box factory is run by botli water and steam power so that
orders can be filled without undue delay at anj' season of
the year. The entire plant covers more than an acre and
comprises, in addition to the box factory, a large lumber
mill in which whole logs are sawed out and lumber and
builders' materials of all kinds are manufactured, t-pacious
storage sheds, offices and a commodious yard. A large
force of assistants is employed, and every department of
the business is so thoroughly systemized that the expense
of production is reduced to a minimum and all orders can
be filled promptly, accurately and at the lowest market rates.
George W. Bailey, manufacturer of and dealer io
Hardware, Stoves. Tinware, Woodenware, Paints, Oils,.
Varnishes, etc.. Steam, Gas and Water Piping and Plumbing, 14 Central Street, Farmington, N. H.— One of themost truly representative establishments of the kind to befound in this section is that conducted by Mr. George W.
Bailey, at No. 14 Central street, for this is a recognized
headquarters for hardware, stoves, tin-ware, wooden ware,
etc., and is also very widely and favorably known in connection with the doing of steam, gas and water piping and
plumbing, and the handling of paints, oils, varnishes andi
kindred goods. The proprietor is a native of Manchester,
N. H and has been identified with it since 1887. it having
been founded a number of years previous to that date.
Under the present management the busine.'s has largely,
increased and as the available facilities have increased correspondingly Mr. Bailey is better prepared than ever to fill
orders promptly, accurately and at bottom rates. The
premises have an area of .5000 square feet and contain
improved tools and machinery for the manufacture of tinware of all kinds to order, and for the doing of steam,
,
Carleton
&
Bennett,
Merchant Tailors, dealers in
Ready-nade (Jlothing, Hats, Caps and Gents' Furnishings,
Farmington, N. H. It is difficult to see what greater
inducements could be offered to those in need of clothing,
etc., than are extended by the firm of Carleton & Bennett,
for these gentlemen are not only first-elass merchant
—
but are also large dealers in ready-made clothing,
and gentlemen's furnishings, so they are admirably prepared to cater to all classes of trade, and well
deserve the extensive patronage their enterprise receives.
It was inaugurated in 1877 by Mr. F. C. Tilton, he being
succeeded in 1884 by Messrs. Tilton & Furber, and the
present firm assuming control in 188.5. The partners are
Messrs. E. E. Carleton and J. P. Bennett, the former
being a native of Farmington and the latter of Northwood,
N. H. Mr. Bennett is the present representative of Farmington in the legislature, and is prominently identified
with local business interests, he being a trustee of the
Savings Bank and a director of the Gas Company in addition to his connection with the enterprise now under consideration.
The firm utilize good-sized and conveniently
fitted-up premises and carry a large and complete assortment of foreign and domestic fabrics for gentlemen's wear
besides a fine stork of ready-made clothing, hats and furnishings.
The facilities for the doing of custom work in
a superior manner at short notice are excellent, employment being given to from five to eight experienced assistants and the business being so systemized that every order
assured immediate and painstaking attention. The
is
charges made are as low as is consistent with the use of
suitable materials and the employiuent of skilled labor,
and this applies to the ready-made as well as to the custom
department, for the firm haudle no goods made only " to
sell," their policy being to deal only in such articles as can
safely be guaranteed to prove as represented, and to furnish them at prices in trict accordance with the lowest
tailors,
hats, caps
market
rates.
A
gas-fitting, plumbing, etc.
specialty is made
of tin-roofing, the best of material being used, skilled helpsatisfaction confidently guaranteed.
The
stock of hardware, stoves, tin-ware, etc., is large and complete and includes conking and heating stoves of the latest
design, made by leading manufacturers.
Reliable paints,
oils, varnishes, etc., are sold here at bottom figures, and in
fact whatever is bought from Mr. Bailey will be found toprove just as represented and will be furnished at the low-
water and
employed and
est
market
rates.
Fellov^ of the N. H. Dental Society.
Member
of the N. E.
Dental Association.
FARMINGTON,
N.
H-
�LEADING BUSINESS MEN OF FARMINGTON.
Blake's Pharmacy, CentTal Street, Farmingtou, N.
Altliough one may uot be prepared to assert that every
dispensing chemist shouUi also be a practical physician, it
still remains a fact that no man making a business of the
handling of drugs and chemicals c^n know too much
about them and about their effects upon the human system, and as this is the popular conviction it is not surprising that the public should manifest a preference for such
pharmacies as are carried on by a medical practitioner.
What is popularly known as "Blake's Pharmacy " is an
excellent example of an establishment of this kind, it
being a well-stocked drug store conducted by W. P. Blake,
M. U., a prominent practicing physician. Tlie premises
are located on Central street, and we need hardly say are
fitted up with all necessary apparatus, etc., for the accurate and prompt compounding of prescriptions, such
orders being tilled at the lowest rates consistent with the
use of the best obtainable ingredients. Fancy and toilet
articles, druggists' sundries, etc., are well represented in
the stock, and sufficient assistance is employed to ensure
prompt attention to every caller. Dr. Blake is a native of
Barnstead, N. H., and has carried on this store since 188G.
Dr. Blake is assisted by his wife, who is a registered
pharmacist, and the only lady registered in the Slate.
Special attention is given to the compounding of prescriptions, and the service is maintained at the highest standard of reliability and efficiency.
II.
—
D. E. Edgerly, Dry and Fancy Goods, Groceries and
Provisions, Flour and Grain of all kinds. Shoo Tools and
Findings, 16 Main Street, Farmington, N. H.— "A repre"
sentative enterprise conducted by a representative man
is about as short a description as can be given of the
undertaking with which Mr D. E. Edgerly is identified,
but despite its brevity no one acquainted with the facts
will quesiion its correctness, for certainly a business
which has been honorably and successfully conducted for
thirty-five years in one commiuiity is entitled to be called
representative, and certainly the same title may properly
be applied to one who has been and is so prominent in
business and public life as the gentleman in quesiion.
Mr. Edgerly is a native of Gilmanton, N. H., and has
carried on his present business since 1880. it having been
founded by Mr. Charles VV. Wingate a quarter of a century
before that date. The present proprietor has served two
years as State representative, and now occupies the posiThe premises made use of
tion of county commissioner.
have an area of about 1800 square feet, and are located at
No. 16 Main street. They contain a large and very varied
stock, for it includes not only a complete assortment of
dry and fancy goods, etc., but also a full line of staple and
fancy groceries, provisions and flour and grain of all
An extenkinds, together with shoe tools and findings.
sive business is done but as employment is given to two
assistants all orders are assured immediate as well
efficient
Mr. Edgerly quotes the lowest
as careful attention.
market rates on all the commodities he handles, and we
need hardly say that articles bought at this representative
store will prove just what they are claimed to be in every
respect.
F.
J.
Hanson, manufacturer of Boot and Shoe Heels.
—
The great industry of
Central Street, Farmington. N. H.
boot and shoe manufacturing in New England has developed other very important enterprises which are tributary
An important example of this is found
to that business.
at the factory of Mr. F. J Hanson, where he manufactures
boot and shoe heels on a very extensive scale. Mr. Hanson
has had long experience in this business but started this
factory in 1885. and has developed a prominent Industry in
Farmington.
The
factory
is
a three-story structure
30x60
and is furnished with steam power, and is equipped
good plant of machinery adapted to the manufacture
of heels for boots and shoes, and employment is given lo
from forty to fifty hands. A ready market is found for
the product among the numerous boot and shoe factories
feet,
•with a
of New England, as the standard quality of the work
turned out is not excelled by any manufacturer.
M
Berry
75
manufacturers of Men's and Boys'
Shoes, in Kangaroo, Dongola, Calf. Grain, Buff and Veal,.
Farmingtou, iS'. II. Sample Room, 57 Lincoln Street,
Boston. Mass. At Sample Room Wednesdays and SaturJ.
&. Co.,
days.— Ever_v ordinarily well-informed person knows that
shoe manufacturing lias become one of the most important
of New Hampshire's indvisiries, and there is every reasou
to believe that it is destined to rapidly develop far beyond
present' proportions, lor the conditions are favoratile lo'
bring about that result and the progress made during the
past decade shows what may reasonably be expected in
Among our New Hampshire shoe
the decade to come.
factories are some that will compare favorably as regards,
equipment and the quality of the goods turned out with
any in New England, and it is not necessary to go outside
of Farmington to find proof of this statement, as any competent and unprejudiced judge will admit after inspecting the establishment and the product of Messrs. J. M.
its
Berry & Co., who manufacture full lines of men's and
hoys' shoes, in kangaroo, dongola, call, grain, buff and
This firm is coni-tituted of Messrs. .f. M. ami
Arthur R. Berry, both of whom are natives of Farmington
and have had l<uig and varied experience in shoe mamiThey founded the-r present business in ViHH
facturing.
with a capital of only .$5000, and sold their goods lo only
one house, but since have enlarged operations, having
capital of $20,000. and now sell direct to the jobbing
trade; they have an intimate acquaintance with the wants
of consumers and the trade, and as a natural consequence
they have fitted up their factory with the latest improved;
machinery throughout and are prepared to furnish footwear that will hold its own, in comparison with any of
similar grade in the market, in every detail of material,
The factory is a four-story
style, fit and workmanship.
structure, having a total floor-space of nearly 18,000 squarefeet, and as the plant of machinery is correspondingly
extensive and employment is given to 100 experienced
assistants the capacity of the establishment is sufficiently
great to ensure the prompt filling of all orders, especially
as the business is so carefully systematized and supervised
Jlessrs.
as to obviate all confusion or unnecessary delay.
.J. M. Berry & Co., wholesale directly to the jobbinij trade
position to quote bottom prices on all their
and are in a
various styles. They maintain a sample room in Boston,
at No. 57 Lincoln street, where a full line of their producA member of the firm is at the
tions may always be seen.
sample room every Wednesday and Saturday and dealer*
who wish to handle shoes Ihat will sell on their merits,
yield a fair profit and build up a permanent trade would
do well to call and investigate
veal.
ii.
J.
F.
Saflford,
Watches and
.Jewelry, Silver
Ware,
etc.
Fine Watch and .Jewelry Repairing a Specialty. Barker's
Block. Farmington, N. H. If the average resident of
Farmington were asked to point out a thoroughly reliable
jewelry store, the chances are all in favor of his directing
the inquirer to that conducted by Mr. .1. F. Saflord, In
Barker's Block, for this business was established in 1867.
and has been so managed as to be well and favorably
known to practically every resident of this section. The
proprietor is a native of Rockland, Me., and served three
years in the army during the Rebellion. Probably not
one of our local business men is more generally known and
hence extended personal mention would be quite superfluous, but for the benefit of strangers in Farmington we
may say that Mr. Safford's business policy is as simple as
it is admirable, it being to give honest value for cash
A good stock of watches, jewelry,
received every time.
silver ware, optical goods, etc.. Is constantly carried, the
productions of the leading manufacturers being represented and many late and attractive novelties being shown.
Particular attention is given to the repairing of fine
watches, jewelry and optical goods, and optical work an<t
the furnishine of scientifically made optical goods are
leading specialties, so that those wanting anything in the
line of eye-glasses, spectacles, etc., would do well to give
Mr. Safford'^a call. All his work is fully guaranteed and
uniformly moderate charges are made.
—
'
�—
LEADING BUSINESS MEN OF FARMING TON.
iT
'
.
rx—
/'A^"^
^
fli
a«
.
.Fir.
.^
.
{f.
r^^
^V
J. E. Fernald & Son, Publishers and Proprietors of the
Parminglon News. Weelily; established 1879. Corner Main
and Central Streets, Farminglon, N. H. There is little or
nothing to be gained by enlarging npon the benefits
bestowed upon a community by a well-conducted local
newspaper for these benefits are so obvious that those who
are incapable of appreciating them of their own free will
and by the exercise of their own judgment would probwbly
not be convinced by any reasoning even if it were supported by many practical examples. But happily but very
few of our Farmington readers belong to this class, and in
proof of this assertion we need refer only to the general
support given to the Fdrmiiigion News since its establishment, in 1879, for this liandsome weekly is a welcome visitor in many homes, it having a circulation of 1400 copies.
It also has quite a large advertising patronage and this is
not to be wondered at. for the business men of this section
have a well-earned reputation for enterprise and shrewdness and hence can readily see the advantages of advertising in a paper which circulates among the very people
they wish to reach. The News is owned and published by
Messrs. .1. E. Fernald & Son, and as we have said was
established in 1879, but the enterprise of which it may be
said to be the outcome was inaugurated a score of years
before that date, Mr. J. E. Fernald beginning operations
—
as a job printer in 1859.
The firm carry on a tinelyequipped steam job printing office in connection with the
Neios.nnA are prepared to'undertake the finest work in
that line and to guarantee satisfaction, not only as regards
the quality of the work and the lowncs of the prices, but
also the promptness with which even the largest orders can
be filled. The partners are Messrs. J. E. and G. W. Fernald, the former a native of Sanford, Me.,
and the latter of this town. Mr. .7. E.
Fernald is one of the oldest and best
known business men in town. Close
attention is given to their printing and
publishing enterprise and they propose
not only to fully maintain but to heighten
if possible tlie high reputation gained by
years of faithful and intelligent
Mr. G. W. Fernald is also a civil
engineer and surveyor and was recently
engaged in the survey for York Beach
Extension by the Boston & Maine Railroad Company.
eleven
work.
Roberts & Co., Steam Grist-Mill, 70 Central
Farmington, N. H. It is unnecessary to dwell
"H. W.
Street,
—
upon the importance of being able to purchase grain,
flour, feed, etc., in any desired quantities at the lowest
market rates, for the advantages derived from an enterprise which has for its object the furnishing of an abundant and dependable supply of these staple commodities at
bottom prices are so obvious as to be understood by every
memlier of the community.
Therefore it goes without
saying that the establishment conducted by Messrs. II. W.
Roberts & Co., is popular throughout this vicinity, for
this is a finely eq lipped steam gristmill and the proprietors are in a position to meet all honorable competition in
their line of business
filling the most extensive orders at
short notice and always quoting prices strictly in accord
ance with the lowest market rates. The mill is a twostory structure of the dimensions of 30 X 40 feet, and is
fitted up with improved machinery driven by a twentyfive horse power steam engine, the boiler-room being an
annex 17 X 35 feet, thus orders can be filled wiih equal
facility at all times of year.
It is conveniently located at
No. 70 Central street, and employment is given to two
efficient assistants.
Mr. Roberts is a native of Rochester,
N. H. and has been connected with his present enterprise
since 1889, during which lime he has built up an extensive
patronage which is still steadily increasing.
;
,
A. E. Carter & Co., Furniture Dealers, Curtains,
Carpets and Bediling. Upholstering a Specialty. Roberts
Building, Main Street, opposite Opera House, Farmington,
N. H. The experienced and wise buyer of furniture,
carpets and other houseliold goods does not seek so much
for the concern that announces it is prepared to sell the
cheapest as he does for a house which lie feels he can
thoroughly depend upi<n, but of course if he can find a
concern that combines fair dealing with bottom prices, so
much the better for him and that is just the kind of a
concern we introduce to our readers when we call attention to the establishment conducted by Messrs. A. E.
Carter & Co.
Doubtless many of them know this already,
for the enterprise to which we have reference was inaugurated in 1881 and has held a leading position almost from
the beginning. It was founded by Mr A. E Carter, a
native of Maine, who in 1890 became associated with Mr.
H. O. Mooney, a native of New Hampshire, thus forming
the existing firm.
The premises utilized are located in
Roberts Building, on Main street, opposite the Opera
House, and comprise four floors, each of which measures
23x48 feet, and every available inch of space is occupied
by the heavy stock of furniture, carpets, curtains, bedding
and other house furnishing goods that is constantly carWe don't propose to describe this stock in detail
ried.
first, because we haven't the room and second, because it
is so frequently renewed that before the description would
reach our readers it would be out of date, but the stock is
always complete, always contains the latest fashionable
novelties and is always made up of goods made for use
and not simply to sell, and guaranteed to prove precisely
Callers are assured prompt and polite
as represented.
attention, and the prices quoted by this well-equipped
concern are as low as can be named on goods of equal
—
—
merit.
�LEADINO BUSINESS MEN OF FAR MING TON.
J. P. Tibbitts, Famishing Undertaker, Carriage and
Sleigli Maniif;.cturer.
Job Wtirk, Varnisliing, Painting
and Repairing. Farniinglon, N. II. Sncli of our readers
—
as are natives of Farmington or vicinity, or have lived for
an}- length of lime in that section, will not need introduction to'jMr. J. P. Tibbitts. for he was born in this town
and has carried on the business with which he is now identified for a full score of years, beginning operations in
1870.
He is a furnishing undertaker and also a carriage
and sleigh manufacturer and repairer, being prepared to
do job work, varnishing, painting, etc. in a superior
manner at short notice. Jlr Tibbitts furnishes a large
proportion ol the coffins, caskets and other funeral goods
used in this vicinity, it being generally understood that he
is in a position to till orders very promplly and to quote
The
the lowest market rates on articles ol this kind.
premises utilized by him comprise two floors of the
dimensions of 20x60 feet, and are fitted up with all necessary tools and oiber facilities to carry on the several
departments of the business to the best advantage. The
carriages and sleighs made at this .shop have a well earned
reputation for strength and durability, for Mr. Tibbitts
uses selected material in the doing of custom work and
also in repairing, and the workmanship is always equal to
the best in ever}- respect.
,
Thomas Pride
&
Son, Granite Works, Farmington,
I'here is no question but that granite is by far the
N. H.
best material for cemetery work, especially in our New
England climate with its great and sudden ehanges of
temperature, and other characteristics which have a most
distinctive effect upon marble and other soft stones.
Granite cemetery work is not only more durable but also
more handsome than that made from any other material
and indeed its advantages are so many and so pronounced
that it now leads all other kinds in the favor ot the public.
A Farmington concern which has a liigh and well deserved
reputation for the production of artistic and thoroughly
—
cemetery work at moderate rates is that of
Thomas Pride it Son, who began operations here in 1885.
Both members of the firm are Maine men by birth, and
they not only know what the public want but spare no
first-class
pains to supply that want and to thoroughly satisfy every
customer. They liave an almost endless variety of designs
for monuments, tablets, headstones, etc., embracing all
grades of work from the most simple to the most elaborate,
and suited to all tastes and pur.'^es. Emiiloyment is given
to three assistants, and orders will be filled at ver}- short
notice, and at prices as low as the lowest in every instance.
C. H. Pitman, Book. Card and Job Printer. Office over
Breen & Berry's, Central Square, Farmington, N. II. It
is safe to say that practically everybody in Farmington
and many who are not residents of the town know Mr C.
H. Pitman, or " Pit, the printer," as he is familiarly called,
for he is not only active and successful as a business man
but alf^o holds the position of town clerk and has done so
for several terms, while he is as prominent in social circles
as he is in business life.
Mr. Pitman is a native of BarnBtead, N. H., and has carried on operations in Farmington
for about ten years.
He is agent for some of the leading
life and accident insurance companies, and is prepared to
furnish such insurance to practically any desired amount
on the most favorable terms, and to give prompt and careful attention to every commission jilaced in his hands.
—
But this does not explain why he is called "Pit. tlie
printer," and those who wish satisfactory information on
that point should place an order with him for job printing
of any sort, for he is prepared to furnish posters, flyers,
dodgers, bill heads, letter heads, note heads, statements,
envelopes, receipts, tax bills, milk bills, business cards,
address cards, wedding cards, and in fact anything in the
job printing line at short notice and at very low prices.
Work will be done in black, colors or gilt and it will be well
done too, for 3Ir. Pitman has the experience, facilities, skill
and disposition to attain results equal to the best. His
office is over Breen & Berry's. Central Square, and every
order is assured immediate and painstaking attention.
77
&
WaUace,
Elliott
Co., manufacturers of Ladies'
Misses' and Children's Fine Boots J. F. Cloutman, SuperThose who
tendent Central Street, Farmington, N. II.
are aware how extensively the shoe manufacturingindustry is carried on in Farmington will readily believe
that the firm who carry on the largest shoe factory in
town must operate a very elaborate and extensive plant
and such is in fact the case, the establishment in question
being one of the largest and best equipped of the kind in
the State. But large as it is it by no means compiises all
the firm's resources, for the proprietors, Messrs. Wallace,
Elliott & Co., also operate factories at Haverhill and
Stoughton, Mass., each of which turns out distinctive lines
of goods, so that the firm are exceptionally well picpartd
to cater to all classes of trade and it is not surprising that
their business extends to every State in the Union and
their products are accepted as the standard wherever
introduced.
The Farmington factory is located on C'entral street, and is made up of two thoroughly made brick
One of these i.s five
buildings connected by an arch.
stories in height and 165 X 40 feet in dimensioris, and the
other measures 11,5 X 70 feet. The plant of machinery in
use is of the most improved type and includes an engine
of thirty horse power with boiler sixty hor,-e. As employ;
—
;
ment
is given to from 300 to -100 assistants it is obvious
that the annual output must be very large in amount, and
it is very great in value from the fact that it is luade up in
a large degree of fine goods.
This factoiy has beeu
devoted to the production of ladies', mi>ses' and children's
fine boots exclusively until during the current year they
have added men's, boys' and youths' calf, buff, splits and
A full line ot each is manufactured,
including the latest fashionable novelties, and among the
leading specialties are bright dongolas. kid and French
kid.
From the selection of the material to the completion
of the last process incidental to manufacture no trouble is
spared to attain the best possible results as regards all the
essentials of shajieliness, stj-le, ease and durability, and as
the best obtainable mechanical facilities are provided,
skilled labor employed and careful supervision exercised
nothing is wanting to ensure the production of goods that
will sell on their merits everywhere and give the best of
Messrs. Walsatisfaction to both consumers and dealers.
lace, Elliott & Co., began business something more than a
score of years ago, and for more than eighteen years they
have employed Hon. J. F. Cloutman as superintendent
and manager. Plis exceptional fitness for those positions
is so conclusively proved by the results attained that no
eulogy of his ability is necessary, but it is but just to state
that no one identified with this great enterprise has worked
harder to develop it to its present magnitude.
dongola goods.
George W. Lane, Jeweler, No.
—
6
Main
Street,
Farming-
N. H. Among Farmington's business men are found
a good many examples of financial success won by the
energetic pursuit of honorable industry and honorable
business methods, and the}- afford a valuable object lesson
to encourage young men starting in business life at the
foot of the ladder, for some of those above referred to
ton,
commenced under most discouraging circumstances and
surroundings.
Among the young business men of Farmington who are making the creditable effort to build up a
successful business and gain an honorable livelihood upon
the merits of their work aud enterprise, mention should
be made of Mr. George W. Lane, whose place of business
located at No. 6 Main street, where be is prepared to do
kinds of watch and clock repairing and cleaning in
and all work is guaranteed to give entire
satisfaction.
lie also deals in clocks, and is prepared to
give his patrons the benefit of very low prices. All kinds
of repairing and engraving of jewelry will be done at
Umbrellas and
short notice in a workmanlike manner.
parasols will be repaired, and keys made and fitted
promptly when ordered. Mr. Lane solicits a share of the
patronage of the pub ic with the determination to render
a service in return that shall be favorably appreciated by
every patron.
Mr. Lane commenced businws during the
current year, and is a native of Lewiston, Maine.
is
all
first-class shape,
�78
LEADING BUSINESS MEN OF
Wilson House, E. T.
Coltou, Proprietor
H. S.
Cotton, Clerk and Manager FarmingtoD, N. H.
It is said that " experience is the best teacher,"
and no doubt such is the
ca-ie in the sense that those
wlio are so taught have
to remember their
[[j reason
lesson, but tlie teacliings
of experience are sometimes prettj- hard to endure so the wise mau profits by the experience of others and thus saves himself
much unnecessary discomfort. For instance, one way to
learn what hotel in any given place offers the best accommodations is to put up at all of them, one after the other,
bnt such a course is manifestly foolish, the sensible mode
of procedure being to patronize that one which is highest
recommended, and those who would do this in Farmington would go at once to the Wilson House,— and they
would never have reason to regret doing so either. This
hotel is owned by Mr. E. T. Cotton, wlio'is also proprietor
of the Langdon House in Portsmouth. He is a native of
Bromfield, Jle., and so is Mr. H S. Cotton, who officiates
as clerk and manager of the Wilson House, and deserves
uo small share of the credit for its popularity, for he spares
no pains to secure the comfort of guests and maintains the
service at a high standard of etficiency in every department. The building is pleasantly located and commodious,
it comprising three stories and a French-roof, and containing thirty-two coiufortable beds and other accommodations
in proportion.
The dining room has seating capacity for
seventy-five, and employment is given to nine assistants,
so that even when the house is fuU the service is prompt
and satisfactory. The building is heated by steam, being
thoroughly comfortable in the coldest weather. An abundant variety of excellent food is provided at all seasons,
and the cooking will coiupare favorably with that done in
many pretentious city hotels at which the terms are much
higher than those of the Wilson House, for the prices
quoted here are very reasonable, special inducements being
held out f.ir regular boarders, although transient trade is
also accommodated at very low rates.
;
—
;
Amasa W. Shackford, Photographer, Shackford Block,
Central Street, Farmington, N. H.— If improved apparatus and reliable chemicals and unbounded self-confidence
•were all that is necessary to make a first-class photographer the country would be full of such, for about every
tenth man you see nowadays practices photography for
fun or for money and can talk to you by the hour about
"negatives," and
many other things
but when it comes
"exposures," aiid "developing," and
of which you know little or nothing,
to putting theories into practice the
photographer, amateur or profe-ssional, cannot
seem to make a very excellent showing. The fact is. long
experience and considerable natural ability are absolutely
essential to the attainment of thoroughly sntisfactory
results in photography and an illustration of this may be
bad by comparing the work turned out hv Mr. Amasa W.
Shackford with that produced iiv other photographers
who might be mentioned, for Mr. "shackf.)rd has been in
the business for more tlian thirtv years and of course is
thoroughly familiar with it in eveVy detail
He was born
in Barnstead, N. H., and considering his long and honorable business career it is hardly necessary to'sta'e is very
favorably and almost universally known throusrhout this
section.
His rooms are located on the third floor of
Shackford's Block, Central street, and are heated by
steam and very thoroughly fitted up in everv wav. Photography in all its branches is carried on, "orders being
filled at short notice and at uniformlv moderate rates,
while the results attained are such that "it is perfectly safe
to fully guarantee satisfaction to all wlio may place orders
at this popular studio.
average
FAIi.\flNGTON.
Farmington Savings Bank, Farmington, N. H. — Of all
the many instituions which the progress of civilization
has developed there is not one more admirable than the
savings bank, for the operations of this are distinctly and
entirely beneficial in their effects upon individuals, upon
communities and upon the nation itself. The most valuable feature of such a bank is that it helps the people by
giving them the means to help themselves, and as this
assistance is not at all of a charitable nature, but is a
purely business transaction, the proudest have no reason
to refuse it, while those who are too willing too depend
upon others are not injured by it in the least. Those who
avail themselves of the help of such a bank are encouraged
to form industrious and frugal habits
thej' are encouraged
to deu3' themselves the gratification of injurious and
expensive tastes they are encouraged to provide for the
future b)' making the best possible use of present advantages, and in short, their character is strengthened and
improved in many ways and they profit morally, mentally
and physically by their connection with the institution.
Of course, we have reference to a savings bank which is
soundly established and ably managed, and the residents
of Farmington and vicinity need not go away fnmi home
to find an institution of this Kind, for the record the Farmington savings bank has made since it was chartered, in
1868, entitles it to a leading position among the most
sound and progressive savings banks of the State. And
we are happy to say that the facilities it offers for the safe
and profitable investment of small sums are generally
appreciated and largelj' availed of, a late statement show
ing deposits of $646,628.44. The same statement showed
that there was a surplus of $32,789.48 and a guaranty fund
of $24,000, so it will be seen that the bank is conservatively managed, but an even more satisfactory proof that
the interests of depositors will be ably and faithfully
guarded is that afforded by the standing of those identified
with the institution, as the following list of officers will
show president, H. B. Edgerly
vice president, Levi
Pearl
treasurer, Charles W. Talpey.
Trustees Charles
W. "Winsate, John H. Barker, Cha"rles W. Talpey. Jonathan R. Hayes, James B Edgerly, E. T. Willson, G. A.
Jones, Alonzo Nute, Levi Pearl, George N. Eastman, J.
F. Cloutman, H. B. Edgerly, E. P. Nute, D. E. Edgerly,
J. P. Bennett, B. P. Chesley.
;
;
:
;
;
:
Roberts <& Peavey, Druggists and Stationers. Wall
Paper, Paints and Oils. Ariists' Materials, Weekly and
Daily Newspapers and Periodicals, 21 >Iain Street, Farmington, N, H.
The firm of Roberts & Peavey was formed
in 1889, but the enterprise carried on by this concern is of
much earlier origin, its inception dating back some twenty
years as operations were begun about 1872 by Mr. A. C.
Newell. This gentleman was succeeded in 1879 by Messrs.
Emerson & Garland, they giving place in 1885 to Messrs.
E. W. Emerson
Co., who were succeeded by Messrs.
Roberts & Avery in 1887, the present firm assuming control two years "later.
The partners are Messrs. W. W.
Roberts and W. L. Peavey, both of whom are natives of
Farmington, and are too well known here to need extended
personal mention. Their store is located at No. 21 Maia
street, and has an area of 1.500 square feet, affording ample
room for the carrying of a heavy and exceptionally varied
stock which comprises not only a full line of pure drugs,
medicines and chemicals, and such other articles as are
usually found in a first-class drug store, but also an
attractive assortment of wall papers, paints and oils,
artists'
materials, fashionable and business stationery,
—
&
weekly and daily papers, periodicals, etc. Employment
is given to two assistants and callers may depend upon
receiving prompt and courteous attention at all times,
while the prices quoted are always in strict accordance
with the lowest market rates. The drugs and medicines
handled are of the best quality obtainable, and as great
care is exercised to ensure the nicest accuracy in the compounding of prescriptions it is natural that an extensive
trade should be done in this important department.
�LEADING BUSINESS MEN OF FARMINOTON.
&
Co., dealers in General Merchamiise,
Among those old-established and representative enterprises which are known to
John H. Barker
rMain Street, Fanniugtoti, N. H.
everyone
at
all
—
acquainted with
Farniington
and
its
resources, that conducted by tlie tirm of John H. Barker
Co., deserves prominent nnd favorable mention, for this
•has been carried on for fully thirty years, and is to day
one of the best managed and most reliable and popular
general stores in this section of the State. Operations were
begun in 1860 by Mr. John Barker, father of the present
proprietor, in company with his son, Mr. J. H. Barker,
has been sole owner since his father retired, in 1880.
Mr. J. H. Barker is a native of Wolfboro, and, of course,
&
who
ds widely known in business and social circles in Farmington andvicinity. The premises utilized comprise one tloor
and a basement, each S.") X 50 feet in dimensions, and tliey
•contain about as varied a stock as it is possible to conceive
of, for this is a "general store" in the full sense of the
term and includes everything to be found in a first class
country store. The assortment is as carefully selected as
it is varied, and every article in it is guaranteed to prove
as represented, while the prices quoted will bear the
•severest comparison with those of other dealers in goods
•of equal quality.
A. Nute &
Farmington, N.
—
E. T. Willson, dealer in Groceries, Four, Grain, Crockery.
Paints and Oils, Shoe Findings and Hardware. 8, 10 and
12 South Main Street (Talpey's Block), Farmington, N. H.
The establishment conducted by Mr E. T Willson at
Nos. 8, 10 and 13 South Main street, Talpey's Block, is a
thoroughly representative one, for not only is the enterprise itself a leader in its special line but the proprietor is
a representative business man, he having done much to
advance the interests of this town and now holding the
position of State senator. Mr. Willson is a native of
TTork, Me., and has carried on his present business since
1882, it having been founded in 1870 by Mr. C. W. Talpey.
The premises occupied are very spacious and contain a
heavy and carefully chosen stock comprising staple and
fancy groceries, tiour and grain, crockery and hardware,
paints and oils, shoe findings, sporting goods, including
guns, rifles ammunition, fishing tackle, etc., the assortment
as a whole being one of the most complete and desirable
an the country. Both a wholesale and retail business is
•done and every order, large or small, is assured immediate
and careful attention, for employment is given to four
•competent assistants and every facility is provided to
enable commissions to be promptly and accurately exeUnder these circumstances it goes without saying
icuted.
'that Mr. Willson is in a position to meet all honorable com(petition by quoting the lowest market rates on goods of
(Standard and dependable quality.
—
manufacturers of Mens' Shoes,
is no establishment in town
— There
radical have been the changes in machinery and in methods since this enterprise was inaugurated but the management of it has been steadily progressive, and to-day the
establishment is a fine example of a modern shoe factory,
both as regards its equipment and the quality of the work
produced. The main structure is four st<iries in height
and 110 X 32 feet in dimensions, and there is a twostory
addition measuring 75 X 32 feet, and another one story in
Fower is furnished by a
40 feet in size.
fifiy-horse engine, and employment is given to 250 assistThe annual product is very large in amount and
ants.
consists of men's shoes, these being manufactured for
Bailey of Boston. The firm is
Messrs. Potter, White
constituted of Mr. Alonzo Nute and his sons, Messrs.
height and 100
&
Son, manufacturers of Lasts and Sole
Ii. S. Flanders
Patterns, Farmington. N. H. As the manufacture of
shoes lias long been the industry in which Newboots and
England is more largely engaged than any other section of
•the Union, we would naturally expect to find in the New
England States many of those enterprises which are tributary to this great branch of manufacture, such, for instance,
.as that conducted by Messrs. L S. Flanders & Son, manuThis concern are well
facturers of lasts and sole patterns.
and favorably known in business circles, for the undertaking they carry on was founded nearly twenty years ago
and has developed to a point where they wholesale to
Operations
manufacturers throughout New England.
were begun in 1873, by Messrs, Haynes & Flanders, the
present firm being formed in 1885 and consisting of Messrs.
L. S. and A. W. Flanders, both of whom are natives of
Concord, N. H. Mr. L. S. Flanders served as representative in 1877-8 and has long been one of the most prominent
of our local business men. The concern utilize spacious
and well equipped premises, employ experienced assistants
and are prepared to furnish lasts and sole patterns and
upper patterns of all kinds, in any desired quantities, at
the lowest market rates, all orders being assured immediand painstaking attention.
Sons,
11.
clearly entitled to be classed as representative in the
full sense of that much abused word than that conducted
by Messrs. A. Nute it Sons, and its claim to .such a title is
based not only on a long and honorable record, on a very
high present standing and on prospects of the brightest
description, but also on the powerful influence the enterprise has exerted in developing the interests of this town
and section, and on the standing in the business and social
world of the men identified with it. This undertaking
was founded many years ago, at a time when shoe manufacturing on a large scale in New Jlamp^hire was a new
and somewhat hazardous experiment, and the success it
met with had much to do with the present standing of
Farmington as a shoe manufacturing centre. Many and
more
X
&
The prominence of these genNute.
tlemen deserves more than a mere mention of their names
E
P.
in
this
and A.
1.
consideration.
The
senior
member
of the firm,
Hon. Alonzo Nute, began his connection with the boot
and shoe business when sixteen years of age, going to
Natick. Mass., for this purpose where he remained for six
years, about two of which he was in the emjjloy of VicePresident Henry Wilson and lived in his family. Return'ing to Farmington be liegan the manufacture of boots and
shoes which has developed into its present large proportions
and become one of the most important plants in the town.
When the war of the Rebellion came in 1861 he went out
as quartermaster of the Sixth N. H. Regt., and later was
placed on the staflf of Genl. R. C Hawkins of the Ninth
N. J. Zouaves. He is the present congressman from this
having long been prominent in public life. He is
vice-president of the Farmington National Bank and is a
trustee of the Savings Bank, as is also Mr. E. P. Nute,
who at one time represented Farmington in the legislature.
Mr. A. I. Nute holds the office of l]ank C(m)missioner.
But although men of affairs as well as of business the
members of the firm give the enterprise in the management of which they are associated close personal supervision, and steadily maintain the enviable reputation it has
district,
held so long.
Mrs. L. A. Small, Millinery and Fancy Goods, Central
Street, Farmington, N. H.— Although by no means every
lady has that combination of taste and skill which is essential to the attainment of satisfactory results in millinery
work, there is no reason why every lady should not know
where to place orders for such work in the full assurance
that they will be satisfactorily filled, and many residents
of Farmington and vicinity have found by experience that
Mrs. L. A. Small is admirably qualified to meet all
demands made upon her for fine custom millinery work at
Jlrs. Small was born in Alton, N. H.,
all times of year.
and has lieen identified with her present business since 1808,
so we need hardly add that she is thoroughly familiar with
She carries a largeand well-selected stock
it in every detail.
of ribbon^i, laces, velvets, feathers, flowers, trimmed and
untrimmed hats and Ijonnets, besides some fancy goods,
but particular attention is given to order work, 'and as Mrs.
Small attains results equal' to he best, is moderate in her
charges, and is prepared to execute commiss-ions at short
notice, it is natural that her establishment should be a proI
nounced favorite with
ladies
throughout this section.
�LEADING BUSINESS MEN OF FARMINGTON
so
Dr.
N. H.
J. E. Nichols, Dentist, Barker's Block, Farmington,
Americans have the unenviable reputation of possessing the poorest teeth of any nation in the vporld, and
"Whether this reputation be deserved or not it is certainly a
fact that in this country poor teeth are the rule and perfect
ones the rare exception. Just why this is the case has
never been satisfactorily explained, although numberless
explanations have been offered, most of which were much
more remarkable for their ingenuity than for their conclusiveness.
The blame has been laid on our climate, on our
food, on our nervous temperament as a people, and on our
mode of living, as well as on many other things too numerous to mention, but no one of these has been demonstrated
to be the prevailing cause although doubtless most if not
all of them have their effect in bringing about the present
condition of things. The truth is, individual cases of
defective teeth are the result of individual causes, that is
to say, each of us can by observation and the exercise ol
common sense learn how to keep his own teetli in good
order although none of us may be able to assign just cause
for the national characteristic.
But it is necessary to
' start fair," in the first place and the only way to do this
for those whose teeth are not perfect is to visit a competent dentist and have them put in order,
after which
intelligent care will preserve them in that condition.
Of
course there is no lack of competent dentists in a country
which is conceded to lead the world in dental science, and
among those located in this vicinity. Dr. J. E. Nichols is
entitled to prominent mention, for he is a thoroughly
skillful and very gentle operator and has all necessary
mechanical facilities for the practice of his profession in
accordance witli the most approved methods. Dr. Nichols
is a native of Ashby, Mass
and located in Farmington in
1889, his office being at the corner of Central and Main
streets, in Barker's Block.
He has already built up an
extensive practice, and as his work is always thoroughly
and durably done and his charges uniformly moderate, it
is not surprising that his service should be in steadily
increasing demand
—
—
,
Frank E. Farwell, Market, Central and Main Streets,
Farmington, N. H. No review of the mercantile enterprises of Farmington which omitted to make prominent
mention of the leading meat markets could be regarded as
complete, for not only are these important in and of them-
—
l)ut also because of the fact that they make the town
desirable as a place of residence than would
otherwise be possible, insomuch as they tend to reduce the
expense and increase the enjoyment of living by furnishing
nourishing and palatable food at the very lowest rates.
Not one of these establishments is more worthy of commendation and patronage than that of which Mr. Frank E.
Farwell is proprietor, for he caters successfully to all
classes of trade and has an unsurpassed reputation for
giving full value for money received. He was born in
this State, and succeeded Sir. W. I. Nutter in the owner-
selves
much more
ship of the enterpiise to which this notice refers in 1888.
The store is located at the corner of Central and Main
and is sufficiently spacious to accommodate a complete assortment of fresh, salted and corned meats and
such other commodities as are usually found in a first-class
market. Mr. Farwell employs two assistants, and spares
no pains to ensure prompt and courteous attention to
every caller, small and large buyers being treated with
equal consideration and all goods being sold strictly on
their merits, so that complete satisfaction can be safely
guaranteed.
streets,
E. E. Downing, wholesale and retail Bakfr, and dealer
Faiminglon, N. H.— The
en by Mr. E. E. Downing certainly
deserves prominent mention in a review of Farminglon's
most valuable an<l popular business underlakings, for no
in Groceries, 28 Central Street,
enterprise carried
,
establishment
in
Ibis
town or
vicinity
is
more favorably
known in connection with the sale of family food
Mr. Downing is a wholesale and retail baker and
supplies.
dealer in
groceries and is prepared to furnish bread, cake and pastry
of the best quality in quantities to suit at bottom prices.
Staple and fancy groceries are also largely dealt in, &
heavy and varied stock being carried and no pains being
spared to supply goods that rfill give unifoim satisfaction
at prices as low as can be named on articles of similar
grade. Mr. Downing is a native of this town and is very
widely known here in both business and social circles.
He was formerly a member of the firm of Downing <&
Schlenker but for some time has been sole proprietor of
the business with which he is now identified.
Spaciousand well-equipped premises located at No. 28 Central
street, are utilized, and employment is given to four
assistants.
Callers are assured prompt and polite attention, and all orders, large or small, will be carefully and
accurately filled at short notice and at the lowest markets
rales.
StraflFord House, Frank H. McAlpine, Proprietor
Good
Livery and Boarding Stable connected Farmington, N. H.
is by no means an agreeable task to recommend a.
;
— It
;
hotel to a man unless you know what his tastes are, for
some individuals go in for " style " alone and will put up.
with comfortless accommodations and poor service as long
as they know they are in a "high-toned" house, while othersput comfort before style and don't care how exclusive and
aristocratic a house isaslong as it is home like and respectable. But in recommending the Strafford House to our readerswe will avoid all possible misunderstanding by saying at
the outset that this hotel is run on the assumption that the
public want pleasant rooms, comfortable beds, an abundance of good, substantial food and prompt and polite
attendance, and that they don't want to pay fancy prices
but are willing to pay a fair amount for homelike accommodations. The Strafford was furnished new throughout
in 1889 and consequently the beds are of modern style,
comfortable and roomy, and the toilet facilities, etc.. are
convenient and complete.
The dining room will seat
thirty six guests, and the table is bountifully supplied at;
all seasons of the year, while the cooking and service
are excellent.
The proprietor of the house is Mr. Frank
H. McAl])ine. This gentleman does all in his power tosecure the comfort of guests and is very popular among the
patrons of the house, who speak in the highest terms of hisreadiness to furnish any desired information and to makethings as easy and pleasant as possible for strangers in
town. There is a good livery and boarding stable connected with this hotel, and those desiring teams for business or pleasure purposes can obtain them without delay
and at very reasonable figures.
Frank Pearl, dealer in Choice Family Groceries, Dry
and Fancy Goods, Farmington, N. H. If any of our
readers who have "kept house" for any length of time
have never experienced difficulty in getting dependable
groceries at fair prices, they have been far more fortunate
than the majority of us are, or else have exercised unusual discrimination in the placing of ordeis, for it isunquestionably an easy matter to obtain first class groceries at moderate rates provided you know what establishment to patronize; while it would be absurd and unjust
to claim that that carried on by Mr. Frank Pearl is the
only one in this vicinity at which such goods may be had,,
it may still be truthfully asserted that the inducements he
offers are unsurpassed, and hence those dissatisfied with,
—
their present service would best serve their own interests
by favoring him with a trial order. Mr. Pearl is a native
of Farmington and has conducted his present business
He occusince succeeding Mr. C. W. Wingate in 1887.
pies one floor and a basement, measuring 30 X 35 feet, and
his stock includes not only a full line of choice family groAll orders are
ceries but also dry and fancy goods, etc.
assured prompt and careful attention, and although low
prices are quoted, no trouble is spared to furnish goods
that will give the best of satisfaction to every reasonable,
customer.
�LEADING BUSINESS MEN OF FARMIN6T0N.
Dealer in
J. Wesley Locke, Livery and Sale Stable.
Carriages and Harnesses, Crowley Street, Farmington, N.
H. The establishment conducted by Mr. J. Wesley Locke
is of interest both to those who wish to hire and those who
wish to buy horses and carriages for Jlr. Locke not only
carries on a first-class livery stable but also deals largely in
horses, carriages and harnesses, and is prepared to give
Seme of our
big value for money received every time.
readers who have never had dealings with him ma}' think
this latter (-talement somewhat exaggerated, but let thtm
remember thai "the proof of the pudding is in the eating,"and not definitely make up their minds on the matter
until Ihey have given Jlr. Lccke a call and found out for
themselves what he is in a position to do, and we have no
fear but what they will then agree that our assertion is
correct,
itr. Locke is a native of Dover, N. H., and
Spacious
opened his present establishment in 1889.
premises located on Crowlej' street, are utilized, and from
eighteen to twenty horses are always on baEd, together
with a number of stylish and easy riding vehicles, so that
livery teams of excellent quality can be furnished without
delay, and as the charges are moderate the public make
extensive use of the faciliiies provided.
Lack of space
forbids our making extended mention of the sale business
but suffice it to say that Mr. Locke is always in a position
to sell you a good horse at a fair price and that when you
buy of him you can safely depend upon getting an animal
that will prove as represented, while he can furnish carriages and harnesses at as low prices (qualitj' considered)
as an y dealer in the State.
Hayes
&
Sons, Shoe Manufacturers, Farmington, N.
H. Not the least among the marvels of the present day is
the almost nominal price at which a pair of boots or shoes
honestl}' made from good material can be bought, and it
is, in one sense of the word, an industrial paradox, that
the more complete and costly the plant employed in manufacturing operations, the less is the expense of production.
The factory conducted b}' Messrs. L Hayes & Sons
on Grove street in this town, is a three-story building,
most convenient in construction and equipment. It having the form of a hollow square affords light and well-ventilated rooms, and is heated by steam which also furnishes
the power for the machinery, which is of the most
approved pattern. Employment is given to from 200 to
250 hands. The product reaches quite large proportions,
and is composed of full lines of men's, boys' and youths'
—
and A calf shoes. The goods
are distributed in the market through Messrs. John S.
Fogg & Co., of Boston, and are sold mostly in the Southern and Western States.
The business was established
about 1878 and has from the first been attended with
phenomenal success, in that it has had a continued and
healthy growth and development, and has acquired an
excellent reputation for its manufactured goods.
The
firm is composed of Mr. Israel Hayes and his son, E. W.
Hayes, while F. C. Hayes, another son, is clerk. Each of
these gentlemen are too well and favorably known in business and social circles to require any extended notice in
this review.
Jlr. Israel Hayes had valuable experience in
the shoe manufacturing business in Nali<k, Mass., as did
also a number of Farmington manufacturers, returning to
Farmington to establish this enterprise.
fine calf,
P
calf, veal calf
Mrs. E. H. York&Co.,Millineiy and Ladies' Furnishing
Goods, Farmington, N. H. There is reallv but one way
which to estimate the comparative standing of such an
enterprise as is conducted hy Jlrs. E. H. York & Co., and
that is to make a personal canvass of such members of the
community as would naturally be in a position to offer a
competent and an unprejudiced opinion of it, and the
result of such a canvass would be to give this undertaking
the leading position it deserves, for there is not one of a
similar nature in this section more thoroughly popular or
—
in
more generally known.
has been so
efficiently
It was established in 1880, and
managed that for some years this
establishment has been regarded as the headquarters for
the doing of fine millinery work
particular attention
being given to such orders, although millinery and ladies'
furnishing goods are quite largely dealt in and the latest
novelties in Ihce lines are constantly in stock.
But
custom woik is made a specially of and such care and
skill are shown in adapting means and methods to individual cases that those who have experieneed diflicully in
obtaining millineiy suikd to iheir needs should by all
means make trial of the service heie offered. Oidcis are
promptly filled, and moderate charges aie made in every
;
—
I.
81
,
instance,
W. F. Thayer, dealer in Stoves, Tinware, Pumps, Sheet
Lead, Pipe, Kitchen Furnishing Goods, etc., Faimington,
—
N. H. The difference in price between a stove that
embodies all the latest improvements and one that contains
but few or none of tht m is but small, comparatively speaking, but even if it were ten times as much as it is it would
still be true economy to pay it, for a strictly first class
modern stove is fo economical of fuel and is so easy tomanage and so certain in its operation that it will soon pay
for itself when it displaces a stove made in accordanceOf course, in order to be sure of getting
the best possible stove for the least poesible money you
must deal with the right party, but the residents of thisvicinity need have no difficulty on that score for Mr, W.
F. Thayer is prepared to furnish the latest types of cooking and heating stoves at positively bottom prices, and tO'
guarantee that they will do all that is claimed for them if
with old ideas.
Mr. Thayer is a
used in accordance with directions.
native of Gray Corner, Me., and needs no introduction to
our Farmington readers, he having carried on his present
business here for ten years and being chief engineer of the
fire department.
He utilizes very spacious premises, comprising one floor of the dimensions of 134 X 22 feet, and
another measuring 60 X 22 feet, and carries a heavy and
varied stock of stoves, tinware, pumps, sheet lead, pipe,
kitchen furnishings, etc. Every facility is at hand for the
doing of job work in tin, brass and sheet-iron, and special
attention is given to tin roofing, such work being promptly,
In fact, all
skilfully and durably done at moderate rates.
orders of whatever nature are assured immediate and careattention, for employment is given to six competent
ful
assistants and no trouble is spared to fully maintain the
enviable reputation so long associated with this representative enterprise.
J. E. Fernald, dealer in Groceries, Hardware, Shoe
Findings, Paints. Oils, Glass, Books, Stationery, etc., etc.;
Steam .Job Printing Office connected with the Store:
Farmington, N. H.— Mr. J. E Fernald is a native of Sanford, Me., but is certainly a Farmington man by adoption
at least, for he has carried on business here for a third of a
century, and has been and is very active and successful in
promoting the best interests of this town and section. He
served en the board of selectmen, for the past eleven years
has held his present position of town treasurer, while at
one time he officiated as postmaster. In ctmpany with
Mr. George W. Fernald, his son, he owns and publishes
the Fiirmwgton Netes. and also carries on a thoroughly
equipped steam job printing office. Mr. Fernald deals in
groceries, hardware, shoe findings, paints, oils, gla.ss,
books, stationery, etc., carrying a large and complete stock
and utilizing piemises of the dimensions of 4G^ >< "^M
feet.
He founded ihis business in 1857 and it has since
become so generally known to the purchasing public
throughout this vicinity as to render extended mention
of it quite superfluous.
The people know that the goe)dsbought at this store will prove just as represented they
know that the stock is varied enough to allow all tastes
and purses to be suited they know that the lowest market
rates are quoted on all the commodities dealt in, and they
know that all orders, large or small, are assured prompt
and careful attention, and knowing these things it would
he strange if they did not give the enterprise hearty and.
continuous support, which, as a matter of fact, Ihey do.
;
;
�LEADING BUSINESS MEN OF FARMINOTON.
'82
P. E. Mooney, dealer in Coal and Wood, Pressed Hay
and Straw. No. 3.5 Nor'h Main Street, Farmington, N. H.
—Mr. F. E. Mooney is very generally and favorably known
in Farmington and viciniiy, for not only is be a native of
tbat town and lias a large circle of friends tbere, but be
carries on one of tbe most popular of Ibe local establisbmeats, be being extensively engaged in tbe sale of coal
and wood, pressed hay and straw, clapboards, sbingles,
latb, lime, cement, bair and brick, besides conducting a
first-class
And
livery stable.
this
stable
is
first-class in
tbe full sense of tbat often misused word, for Mr. Mooney
maintains eight good horses, has some stylish and easj'
riding vehicles and in fact can furni.sb you with a rig that
will give the best of satisfaction and appear well in any
-company. Teams may be had at very short notice and
the charges are moderate every time. Orders for coal and
wood, pressed bay and si raw are also assured immediate
and painstaking attention, for ample shed room for storage
purposes is available and a targe stock is constantly carried, while employment is given to three assistants, and
the facilities for prompt and accurate delivery are excellent.
The lowest market rales are quoted and equal care
is given to the filling of large and small orders.
'
Charles H. Berry, Fruit, Confectionery, Ice Cream,
.Main Street, Farmington.
The business carried on
by Mr. Charles H IJerry was established for some years
and passed through the bands of several proprietors before
—
etc.,
say that
as
—
M
came
into bis possession, in 1885, but it is onh" fair to
it was never so well managed and popular before
has been and is under tbe present management. Mr.
Berry is a native of Strafford, N. H., and has a large circle
of friends in Farmington and vicinity, many of whom be
has made by his straightforward business methods and the
accommodating spirit be shows in the carrying on of his
enterprise
The premises utilized by him are located on
Main street, and contain a soda fountain and other facilities for tbe carrying on of the extensive trade in soda and
ice cream which is enjoyed during tbe proper season.
A
good stock of seasonable fruits is also always on band to
select from, together with choice confectionery, cigars,
tobacco, etc. These goods are carefullj' chosen and will
suit tbe most critical, but the prices are uniformly moderate, being in fact as low as can be named on articles of
equal merit.
it
P. M. Frost, Dry and Fancy Goods, Cloutman Block,
Farmington, N. H. In these days of sudden and frequent
changes in fashion and shar]) and intelligent competition it
is no eas_v matter to carry on a really first-class dry and
fancy goods store, for tbe stock of such an establishment
must of necessity be large and varied, must be so frequently renew-ed as always to include the latest fashionable novelties, and tbe goods of which it is composed must
be sold at a narrow margin of profit in order to be disposed
of as rapidly as is necessary.
Consequently first-class
stores of this kind are not common, and as tbat of which
Mr. P.
Frost is proprietor is thoroughly first-class it
naturally follows that it enjoys a very large share of the
patronage of residents of this section. This business was
founded in 1878 and is under the direct management of
Mr. F. B. Frost, son of the owner. The premises utilized
have an area of 1200 square feet and contain as full and
desirable a stock of dry and fancy geods as can be found
in this section of the State, but we don"t propose to
attempt to describe it for tbe simple reason that it is replenished so frequently and largely that any description of it
would soon be " out of date." Suffice it to say that it
comprises full lines of staple articles as well as many of
the latest and most attractive novelties, and tbat the goods
are in every instance guaranteed to prove as represented
and are sold at positive!}' bottom figures. Callers are
assured prompt and courteous attention, employment
being given to four experienced assistants.
it
G. A. Jones &. Co., Fm-niture, Carpets and Room
Paper, No. 12 Central Street, Farmington, N. H —Those
wishing to purchase anything in the line of furniture, carpets or wall paper, if they have had much experience in
the buying of such goods, will seek a bouse that carries a
large and varied stock, that caters intelligently to all
classes of trade, and tbat has a well-earned reinitation for
sound integrity. Such houses are to be found in every
business centre, and one of them right here in Farmington
is that of G. A. .Jones
Co carrying on operations at
No. 13 Central street, where premises having an area of
4500 square feet are utilized
The business has been conducted by the present concern since 1887, succeeding Mr.
E. B. Small who had conducted the business for over a
score of years. Tlie management of this house for enterprise and fair dealing is not surpassed by that of any
house in the country. Mr. Jones is a native of Farmington, and is so well known here in both business and social
•circles as to make extended personal mention quite unnecessary.
He has striven from the first to build up the
enterprise on the sound basis of perfectly and permanently
satisfied patrons, and that he has succeeded, the present
standing of the undertaking fully proves.
The very
latest fashionable novelties in furniture, carpets and room:paper are constantly on hand to select from, and all tastes
and purses can be suited from the stock, as it is kept complete in every department.
The prices are as low as the
lowest, quality of course considered, and sufficient assist-
A
ance is employed to ensure
attention to everv caller.
,
prompt
and
painstaking
W.
A. Elliott, Ice Cream. Fruit, Cigars, etc.. Central
Street, Farmington, N. H.
It is no easy task to successfully carry on such a business as is conducted b}' Mr. W.
A. Elliott, for nearly all the articles dealt in by him are
—
of a nature that renders it necessary to continually renew
the stock if it is to be kept in an attractive condition, and
to exercise great care in the choice of tbe goods he offers
the public.
That be has succeeded in accomplishing this
task so far is proved by the popularity of his establishment, and this popularity is evidentlj' destined to steadily
increase, for he spares no pains to continually improve
the service rendered, and has considerably extended the
business since assuming control of it in 1889.
Mr. Elliott
carries on a large ice cream trade during the warmer
months, his store, which is located on Central street, being
conveniently fitted-up as an ice cream saloon, and the
service being very prompt and satisfactory, while the cream
is strictlj' first-class and the prices are moderate.
Confectionery, fruits, tonic beer and other light drinks, cigars,
tobacco, etc., are also dealt in, a well cbosen stock being
carried and all callers being assured immediate and courteous attention.
M. W. Small, dealer in Groceries, Grain, Crockery,
Glass-ware and Farming Tools, 10 Central Street, Farmington, N. H.
It is a very heavy and varied stock that is
offered by Mr. M. W. Small, and as be deals in such indispensable commodities as groceries, grain, glass-ware,
crockery, farming tools, etc., it is natural that a very
extensive business should be done, especiall}' as the goods
uniformly prove as represented and are sold at the lowest
market rates. Mr, Small was born in Raymond, Me., and
has been identified with his present establishment since
1877, during which time it has become one of the most
generally and favorably known stores of tbe kind in this
town and vicinity. The premises made use of comprise
one floor of the dimensions of 20 X 70 feet, and a basement having an area of 3000 square feet, the latter being
specially devoted to the handling Of grain, feed, flour, etc.,
as this is one of the most important departments of the
business.
The service at this popular store is remarkably
prompt and efficient, much more so than that offered at
many establishments doing a much smaller business, for
employment is given to four competent assistants and no
trouble is spared to ensure immediate and careful attention to every caller, orders being accurately delivered at
—
short notice.
�—
LEADING BUSINESS MEN OV FARMINOTON.
83:
emploj'cd, commends this store to all wishing to have
especially as the charges
prescriptions compounded,
made are uniformly moderate. Toilet and fancy goods
are well represented in the stock, many attractive novelthe most
ties being offered, together with trusses of
approved make, and a full line of fashionable and business
stationery, pocket cutlerj' is also dealt in to a considerable
—
extent, and all tlie articles handled are guaranteed to prove
as represented and are offered at the lowest market rates.
This establishment has made itself known throughout this
region as manufacturing chemists. Star Synteretic, Star
cough balsam, Star liniment, Star cordial and Star
being
among
the best
& Oo., Druggists and Stationers, 37 Main
Farminston, N. H. The business conducted by
& Co., -would be worthy of promiuent
mention on account of its age alone, even if it had no
other thing to recommend it to notice, for this is cue of
the oldest established enterprises of the kind in the State,
it having been inaugurated in 183T by Dr. D. T. Parker.
But its claims to notice, far from resting entirely on its
.antiquity, is based very largel3' on its present standing,
for under the management of the existing firm, who
began operations m 1889, this enterprise is one of the most
reliable and useful of the kind of all those carried on in
The proprietors are JMr. H. P. Fall and Dr.
this vicinity.
H. P. Wheatley, the former being a native of Farmington,
while the latter was born in Brooktield, Vt. Both give
P. Fall
.'Street,
—
Messrs. H. P. Fall
close personal attention to the details of the business, and
the advantages gaiued by having a physician connected
"with a pharmac}- are certainly too obvious to require men
tion.
The firm are drugsists and stalioners and carry a
Tery large and complete stock requiring the occupancy of
two floors, each of which measures 18 X 50 feet. The
assortment of drug:*, medicines and chemicals is not onlj'
extensive but is made up of goods selected from the most
reliable sources, which (act. combined with the facilities
'Sot handling provided and the thoroughness of the system
pills,
of their productions.
C. W. Jenness, manufacturer of Wood and Paper
Boxes Job Sawing, Planing, and Mill Work of all kinds;
Timber, Boards, Sheathing, Moulding, etc., kept on hand;
Lumber sawed by portable mills; Farmington, N. H.
The manufacture of wood and paper boxes is one of the
important industries of this section and it is also one of the
most promising for the demand for boxes is steadily and
rapidly increasing and some of our local manufacturers
show great enterprise in catering to this demand, the natural result being that Farmington is becoming a prominent
One of the most entercentre for supplies of this kind.
prising and successful of those engaged in wood and paper
box making is Mr. C. W. Jenness, who is a native of
Rochester. N. H., and began oiieraiions in this town in
1878.
The premises utilized by him have an area of 5,000
square feet _and are fitted up with improved machinery,
driven by two steam engines of forty and fifteen horsepower respectively. Every facility is provided for the
manufacture of wood and paper boxes and the largest
orders can be filled at short notice and at low rates, but
the business is by no means confined to this, it also including the doing of job sawing, planing and mill work of all
kinds, and the sale of timber, board.?, slieathing, moulding,
Mr.
etc., a large slock of which is constantly carried.
Jenness operates two portable mills, and in short is thoroughly well prepared to do business on a large scale and
to successfully meet all honorable competition, as is showa
by the steady development of his enterprise during the
;
'.""H.
known
past twelve years.
�LEADING BUSINESS MEN OF CONCORD.
84
The trade of thie
Harness of America.
house extends to every part of the inhabited globe where
American or English enterprise has gained a foothold.
the Standard
THE COIVCORD
1IARXE8!«,
MADE ONLY BY
The
firm took the highest award at the Centennial in 1876,
awards at Sidney in 1879, and was the only party
receiving two awards at the Melbourne exhibition of 1880.
Their harness also took the first prize again at Melbourne
in 1888, and have always taken the highest awards when
Barnum
Bailey are heavy
placed in competition.
patrons of this company's productions, and are using a.
complete outfit in all their departments of harness made
by this firm. While express and coach harness are a
prominent feature, j-et a specialty of the house is tlie making of fine harness, including fine carriage harness, coupfe,
rockaway, gentlemen's light driving and business harness
'I'he customer can have his
of all sorts and descriptions.
taste gratified in every respect, and, in point of style, they
are surpassed by none.
Tlie following editorial article, taken from the Coach
and l<addlerii Journal, published in New York City, showshow the trade look upon the goods manufactured by thisfirm
"George H. Emery, senior member of the firm of
James R. Hill & Co., Concord, N. H., paid a flying visit
to this city last week for the purpose of buying stock forthe firm, whose business is steadily increasing, notwithstanding their factory is located in a citj- that of itself*
The value of
offers little inducement to business visitors.
a good reputation, honorable and square dealing, wasnever made more apparent than it is with the house of
'The Concord Harness,' their trade mark being an imperturbable barrier to rival houses, and especially to that classwho have not the ability to invent new styles themselves,
and can onl}' copy and imitate others. There are such
houses in the trade, and their reputations in this respects
This house is among the pioneers and in.
are well known.
the advance ground in getting up new styles, and probably
there has been more copying from 'The Concord Harness"
than all others in the country, as it seems to be the ne plvf
ultra of some harness manufacturers of the class we have
mentioned to say they can make as good a harness as the
Concord Harness,' made hx James K. Hill & Co. It was
Mr. Emery who first conceived the idea of making a standard harness, and obtained for his house their trade mark,,
which consists of the words The Concord Harness,' andl
special
JAMES
R.
HILL & CO.,
&
ESTABLISHED
1840.
:
^
James R. Hill St, Co., the only makers of the " Concord
Harness" ant) collars, are probably as well and favorably
known as any other house in this countr}' as makers of
the celebrated and world-renowned "Concord Harness,"
and the firm's business forms no small portion of the man-
The founder of
commenced business, in a
ufacturing industry of the capital city.
the house, Mr. .James H. Hill,
bis indomitable energy and
small way, in 1840, and by
perseverance, attending strictly to business and making
good work, soon gained for him a good reputation
throughout the State. And as the railroads pushed out
into the far West, necessitating connecting lines by staging, those who had used his harness in the East, wanted
them in their new enterprises, and so as time rolled on, the
business
was
increased.
In 1851, the present senior part-
ner of the firm, George H. Emery, entered the employ of
Mr. Hill as an apprentice, commencing at the very foot of
the ladder, learning
all
the details of every part of the
was placed in charge of the manufacturing department, and, in 1865. was admitted to equal
partnership with Jlr. Hill and J. E. Dwight, the son-inlaw of Mr. Hill, and since that time, the practical management has rested on his shoulders. On the decease of
Mr. Hill, in 1884, Mr. Emery and jMr. Dwight purchased
the heirs' interest, and the business has since been managed under the same firm-name in 1888, a stock company
was formed continuing the same name, Mr. Emery
becoming president and general manager and Mr. Dwight
treasurer.
A word in regard to the workshops which are
very extensive, although the stranger passing by on JIain
street would not see the immense workshops in the rear.
The building located on North Main street, comprises a
three story building and basement, 40 X 125 feet, with a
three-story and basement building connected in the rear,
40 X 160. and a collar shop building, two stories in height,
25 X 60 feet. The company has recentlv opened a store in
Boston at 30 Sudbury street, 61-03 Portland street. Employment is given to from 100 to 150 skilled workmen,
according to the season. The company does an exten.eive
wholesale business, the largest probably of the kind in
New England. No concern in the country gives more
genuine value for every dollar received. The quality of
the work manufactured by this concern stands unrivalled,
being acknowledged not only to be the best to be had, but
trade, and, in 18159,
;
'
'
later date, another in which music is made toappear, the significance of which has been a puzzle tomany, as it was to us, to know what music had to do with:
asked Jlr. Emery for the meaning, whoa harness.
Why, what is music but harmony, and what is
said
harmony but a concord of sounds ? And in our harness
we combine harmony in their proportions, one strap with
another; hence they are 'Concord Harness.' There is nodanger of the good name of the house being sacrificed
under its present management, as both members of thefirm have had a long and practical experience, the senior
from 1851. and the junior from 1865. Knowing how and
what to buy is an attainment reached by comparatively
He isfew, but Mr. Emery is prominent among that few.
looked upon bj' the New York harness leather manufacturers as one of the most competent judges of harnessWhen David Moffat, the
leather that visits this city.
acknowledged leader in the manufacture of harness leather,
He is a
says, as he did to the editor, of Mr. Emery
thorough and critical judge of harness leather he knowsHe knows good leather at sight, and, in
all about it.
it is useless to offer him
buying, selects only the best
an}thing else. lie bu\'s close, but he buys good stock
onl}-.'
It speaks volumes in praise of tlie buj'er, and givesassurance to those who buy The Concord Harness that
they will get harness made of good stock and in a workalso, at a
We
'
;
:
'
;
;
'
'
manlike manner."
No higher endorsement can be had. The use of thefirm's trade mark, "The Concord Harness," is not limited
to any one style of harness, but is and alw-ays has been
applied and used by them for every description of harness,
of superior quality of stock and workmanship, meaning:
that the puichaser should become accustomed to reljr
�—
:
LEADING BUSINESS MEN OF CONCORD.
AMERICA.
;upon the quality of any harness sold him under this name,
«nd while the motto, which is original with this house,
(altliougli it has been copied by others) " Not how cheap,
but how good." when applied to the quality of " The Concord Harness," is wholly true yet, if a cheap harness is
wanted, it can be obtained of them in any style desired, at
prices lower than the lowest. Aside from the inauufacluing of harness, the firm carry a line of all kinds of goods
carriage and stable furnishings,
belonging to the trade
horse clothing, trunks, travelling valises, and all sorts of
saddlery hardware generally. On seeing the firm's trade
mark, where the music is made to appear, the poet has
furnished the following verses, which state the facts very
III.
I.
Come,
Make
In Afric's sunny clime,
Australia's land sublime.
O'er Europe's plains.
O'er Asia's boundless ground
In fact the world around,
drivers, let us sing,
the welkin ring
With songs of praise.
Praise for the harness fine,
Made in the bci^t design.
Beauty in every line,
;
all
Strong in
is
" Concord Harness " found,
Where men draw
ways.
all
reine.
IV.
II.
;
•clearlv
" Not
how cheap, but how
Long has our motto stood
good,'
!
!
Of no fair test afraid,
by druft or pou.
:
So, with harmonious voice,
Proclaim the peoi)le'8 choice,
From near and far.
Shout, to the heaveus blue
Shout, men of every hue
Shout, for (he "Concord '' true
Before all men.
Surpassed by none e'er made.
No matter what the grade.
Concordia
!
Organized 1845
INSUR/1NCE
\VILLL\M
Crowe LL
fit
H.
BEERS, :PRESIDENT
M^Kellar GenI Agents-
CHASE'S BLOCK 15N0.MAIN
the lawyers call the " burden of proof,' 'is now
thrown on the man who is not insured, for such a revolution has occurred in public sentiment within a decade or
80, that a man who can be insured but neglects to take out
a policy, is regarded as careless and selfish unless he can
prove the contrary to be the fact. Really the only question for a sensible man to consider is where he can place
his insurance to the best advantage, and we can aid pow-^rfully in an entirely satisfactory solution of that i)j' directing our readers' attention to the facilities offered by the
York Life Insurance Company, whose State agency
for New Hampshire is in Room No. 4, Chase's Block, 1.5
No. Main St., t^oncord. Here may be found Messrs. Crowell
<fc McKellar, who are the general agents for New HampThey
shire, and control sub agents throughout the State.
established their agency in April, 1889, and have already
written a great many policies, for they are in a position to furnish the highest type of insurance at the lowest
market rates. The New York Lite is one of the strongest
and most extensive life companies in the world, and the
magnitude of its operation is most significantly shown by
the record of a single year (1889)
What
New
INCOME .\CCODNT.
From
"
policy-holders
interest, rentals, etc
Total income
$24,.585,921.10
4,.'577,.34.5.14
29,163,'266.24
DISBURSEMENT ACCOUNT.
§6,2.52,095.50
Death-claims and endowments
Dividends, annuities and purchased insur5,869.026.16
ance
12,121,121.66
Total paid policyholders
These figures are impressive and would be even more so
were it not for their magnitude, which prevents their
Ijeing
income
For instance the total
entirely comprehended.
for the j'ear of 1889. over twenty-nine millions of
ST.
CONCORD. N
H.
appreciated, but its significance
becomes evident when it is learned that it .amounts to
nearly cme-fifth of the total income of all the life companies.
Look for a moment at the summary for the 45year8'
business.
Received from policy-holders in premiums,
premiums for annuities, $15,846,595.06
$207,679,689.43
Payments to
Tola! from policyholders, $223,520,284 49
policy-holders and their representatives with assets now
held as security for policies in force exceeds the amount
Interest,
received from policy-holders, $10,871,375.31.
death- losses paid, $.50,040,257rentals, etc., $.52,868,069.94
60
interest and rents exceed death-losses paid. $2,827,812.34.
Assets, $105,053,600.96; surplus, $15,600,000.00.
Wm. H. Beers, the president, has been connected with the
Co. from its infancy, advancing step by step from clerk to
cashier, actuary, vice-president, to his present position.
First vice-president, Henry Tuck second vice-president,
and actuary liulus W. Weeks, have all
A. H. Welch
reached; their present positions by advancement step by
step.
With such an administrative staff of officers, the
company have and are always advancing the interests of
its policy-holders and when we consider the fact, that the
amount of its endowment and annuity policies is larger by
more than forty millions of dollars, its forms of policies
and the results more satisfactory than any other company,
it speaks volumes for the executive ability of its officers.
The New England Branch, located at Boston, Mass., comprising the New England States, excepting Vermont, is
under the supervision of Major Ben. S. Calef. one of the
oldest and most prominent life underwriters of Massachulate insurance commissetts, with Hon. D. P. Kingsley
Messrs.
sioner of Colorado as inspector of agencies.
happy to give full and detailed
McKellar will be
Crowell
information upon application, and will gladlj' furnish the
actual results of policies which have matured and been
settled in 1880, and mail communications will be promptly
and carefully attended to.
dollars,
is
too
huge
to
lie
;
;
;
;
;
;
&
—
—
�Popular Loans
loans to avoid
are
for
— there
is
always a better use
may
not have the whole of
money.
A
short crisp sentence
the truth in
truth
the
to
it
;
but
it
is
mind than
reader's
more
likely to carry
a
of the
circumstantial
statement.
Competition for loans in the west results in lendwe all know
ing too much, and lending too much
what that leads to.
—
Western spirit is one of great cheerThere is no such word as "fail" in the
The Westerner promises anylocal vocabulary.
Rate per cent has no
thing, mortgages everything.
lend him money enough.
terrors for him, if only you
When a dozen lenders bid' for his loan the one
perhaps that
that bids most is the one that gets it
Keep out of the dozen.
loan is a good one.
How ? By looking ahead instead of behind by
by
seeing the present condition of things at least
The
tvpical
fulness.
—
;
;
using your eyes instead of
even
of
opinion,,
lenders,
lean
even of lenders,
\
on
ir,
our ears.
others.
always
late.
not you.
But this is
For you there is this one maxim
you can trust; and trust him.
for us,
We
The majority,
The current
:
Choose a lender
have a primer designed to meet the wants,
man or woman
money to lend no matter how little or much.
Shall we send it ?
The Kansas City Investment Company..
the real wants, not the whims, of a
—
with
E. Holmes, President, Treasurer, and Western Manager, Kansas
Willis G. Myers, Vice-President and Eastern Manager, Portsmouth.
Edward
Kansas
City, Missouri.
Portsmouth,
New
Hampshire.
Omaha, Nebraska.
Hartford, Conn.
Office
John
Jeffries
City.
&
Sons, Boston.
Beloit, Kansas..
Toledo. Ohio.
Dallas, Texas..
�INDEX TO BUSINESS NOTICES.
Dover Five Cents
S;iviiigs
Bank
DoTe, \ itl-Mi l;iiik
liank
Farnn,
liank
Great
.11
I'.aiikingCo
Roelie-;.'
Savin£s Bank for tlic County of Strafford.,
Strafford National Bank...r
Somersworth Savings Bank
IN',
-
i
i
'
I
32
32
78
& Co
Berry, J. M.
Hanson, F. J. (boot and
Hayes, I. & Sons
Nute, L. M
Nute, A. &Son8
Rochester Shoe Co
65
Books
E
34
67
22
26
30
Contraccora and Builders.
61
25
..
18
A
rriaee and Sleifch Manufncturers.
A
36
20
77
21
Sm^ll.M. W..
Standley.
Berry, Charles
Davis, C. A
Davis, Edward
Itlfrs.
and Dealers.
W
Edwin
Sleeper. E. V
Spencer, A. B
Tash, E. S.
Co.
Willson, E. T
A
James W
James R. A Co
H
82
62
Webber, A. H., Mrs
Dentists.
Garland. Albert
74
49
22
23
80
_..
Guttman, J
Hayes, W. W. & E. A. Shorey
Hayes. Fred H
E
Nichols. J.
Rowe, Dr
Taskcr, C.
60
21
18
W
Young, A. J
Dry and Fancy Goods.
William
Dearborn, Thomas H.
66
Bell,
& Co
16
& Hobson
Dumas, John A
46
47
75
82
63
62
68
23
E
Frost, P.M..
Hoyt. Harry M.
Hovt, O. A
A Co
Hofmann.A Wolf
Nealley, B. Frank
Parker, A. E
Wimpfheimer & Co
Bl.ike,W.
Emerson, E. W.
Fall, H.
1".
W
&
A Co
A Co
Peavcy
Sanitine Remedy Co..
Tufts, Charles A
Doors, Sash. Blinds,
Frost, E.
Home,
H
etc.
S. P.
J. H.
28
63
63
JohnC
53
Meserve,
Nutter,
17
44
76
63
83
65
64
45
46
46
78
73
24
& Co
Plenry. Joseph
Grant, L. E
Ham, P. C
Provenchcr, Z.
Preston, J.
Roberts
.
Drucreists.
P
& Co
A Co
Mansion House
Sayward, Geo.
Strafford House
Wilson House
W
61
21
44
48
53
66
64
80
78
Hardware.
Geo.W
Foot A Snell
Fernald, J, E
Seavey, J. Herbert
Tibbets. E. A. A Son.
Wallace, F. E. A Co
A
74
25
81
17
W
60
Laundries and Dye Houses.
The (Dan Guilfoyle)
Dover Steam Laundry and Dye House
Rochester Steam Laundry
City Laundry.
Lumber and Box lUannfaeturers.
Converge A Hammond
Home, Jesse R
W
Jenness, C.
Waldron, A. F.
A
H.
C
•iS
Son
,v
19
I'aiis
.
47
64
79
81
M.A.Mrs
.Mrs
,V.
Jj.
York, E.
A
11.
Mrs
Co.
Man u fact n rers.
Dover Trunk l.'actorv
i-.
.! M.rliM... Works
Dover K
.
Flandii
Holt ,\
,1
III
lli'l-nr
Foye,
-;
Machine Co
ii.a.ir)
A
A
B.
I.
Sons
(tanners)..
Collins,
79
65
S3
26
68
20
35
Marble and Granite.
29
27
77
Langmaid..,
Thomas A Sou
Pliotostraphers.
LA
Drew, A,
30
34.
61
29'.
.\lilU
Stovuns isand paper)..
H
S.
Etter,
uhI
I.
I
U,...i<.h
A
.
..
.11
II
ai.ieliiuist)
iliricks)
\^
-
...
:iiiilsolepattems)
'
.
n t,iiii-i-i
...
1.
n..
.1
I
^.1
.\
'A
(.
George
Pride,
-
',-.
\1.
62
33
P
B
Amasa
Shackford,
51
W
78-
Pnints, Oils, etc.
A Co
Folsom, J. B.
Tibbets, E. A.
A
17
Son
Steam and Gas
W
Bailey, Geo.
Harriir.an, James
45
Fitters.
W.,
A
Morrison
Perkins, Walter T
Holt
74
53
65
30
Sewing Machines, Pianos and Orstans.
Lothrop, D.
White, H. L
A
Co
39
16
Stoves and Furnaces.
Baty, John
Bailey, Chas.
Bailey, Geo.
23
M
6'i
W
74
67
G
Cooper, Leroy
John T
2.'{
Hodsdon, Daniel
46
W. F
81
Tailors and Clothiers.
Carlton A Bennett.
Dover Clothing Co
1
74
15
Duffill,Tho.s.
P
44
Jeneau, A. B.
McClellan. C
A Co
50
20
22
Taff,
W
Edw.
H
Rines, Walter
17
Undertakers and Embalmers.
32
27
Parker, G.
Pattee, S. E
77
3,
c
l;..i...M
61
Livery and Sale Stables*
Canney, H. E
Jenness A Harvev
Locke. J. Wesley
h.r)
36
76
62
47
.V
Mi.al..
Hill,
24
35
85
63
28
F
!•
'.
Thayer,
61
H.
'
81
19
Son
J.
Butterfleld. G.
M
1.
a3
26
86
48
24
65
>.h)rc...
'llTiv...
I
:
:'
45
Crawford, Tolles A Co
Crowell A McKellar
Parshley, A. S
Wendell, D. H
Beacham,
iiacturer)
:
.
.
76.
I'.nvlnti.ct)
r
\v,
•
'
Williams,
66
64
Dodge's Hotel...
Excelsior Dining Rooms (A. E. Ashby)
Great Falls Hotel
Granite State Hotel
Grant's Hotel
Bailey,
Dorr
Edgerlv, U.
T
u
66
Millinery and Fancy Goods.
Rvr.ir'
Sawyvi
Wiggin
Hotels and Restaurants.
82 Burnham. S. H
49 Cascade House
W. A
Elliott,
Peaslee, J.
61
.
i
i
'[,\:v.\,-t<
A,
11.
Ri" li.
Soul.,
28
84
17
..i
iii|.|
i:
18^
fiO
47
o. Igrist-mill)
Stringer, S. (mineral waters)
Tasker, W. H. (u|>holstery)
51
Harness Manufacturers and Dealers.
Hill,
Roberts,
Harriiii
28
48
82
65
64
54
24
79
Hartford,
Confectionery
Eamsdrik
18
M
II
II
•
27
]9
i-'i
.
Rackl..vv Vaii.
64
Roberts. J. Frank
Roy. N.
31
64
Pitman, c
.\
f
28.
24 J
80
Farmiuijlon Xews)..
.
i
22
80
.'....
S,,,,
i
45
50
H
A Co
16
H
Tibbitts, J. P
Wonhen, H. A
31
19
31
Wolcott
Pearl, Frank
Pierce, D. C.
82
36
Randlett, J.
44
26
54
48
J.-
W
Marin, O
Mellen, Chas.
Nute
76
V
on
23
W. C
Morrill, J. G.
Co
ai
Merrow, J.
Morgan, Thomas
26
82
Co
4li
Knox. Orrin
Le Gro, JohnS
61
Clark A Aldrich
Jones, G. A. & Co
Morrill. E., Furniture Co
Drew. Richard
A
&
Hus.^ey. F. A. ihiik.ri
Morton, C. 11. ii
k l.m.;i
Horne,G. W. .V c, ,l„„i,.
..
Kansas City Iti\. im.
51
M
Mclntire, John.
Carpet and Furniture Dealers.
A
27
C
S.
48
Mooney,F.E
Sanborn, A.
81
49
49
Hanson, H.
Hanson, N. E
Hayes A Hodgdon
Henderson. C. T
James A Sons
I.eavitt,
Coal and Wood.
Gandette, A..
Hayes, David
Mathes, Valentine
Pattee, H,
E
Gorman, P
Killoren. A.
B
Rooney &Burnham
80
20
75
80
Guilmet, Peter
Hurd A Grant
Home,
51
&
E.
feed)
Downing, E. E. (baker)
Dover Navigation Co
Lewis,Edwin
37 McDaniel.V.
23 McUuffee.J
AT. A Co
Downing
111
Brewster, H. L. (electrician)
Chick, Anson (picture fra ing)
City Employment Bureau
Chesley, F. L. (hatter)
Fernald, J. E.
79
50
49
47
el
Beacham, C. S. A Son illcuir and
Boston Five and Ten Cent Store
Bennett, M. P. (junki
21
O.L
Cllurliuck,
Chicoinc. M.
mill Stationery.
Shaw. Walton R
Winslow.J. H
Carter. A. E.
Blake, Chas. F
chtirbuck, O. Howard
Farwell, Frank
Fernald, J.E
Martin, John
Page, W. P
A
Bickford.J
Dearborn, H. E
Edgerly, D. E..
Boot and Shoe Dealers.
Trickey, C. H.
Groceries and Provisions.
Co
Barker, John H. A
Belleville & Daigle
60
33
34
W
Monlton. h.
22
18
79
66
Willson. E,T..
Ncal, W. B
77
Worcester* Greenfield
Cnockery.
Spurliii,
81
53
79
Wallace, Elliott & Co
Wallace, E. G. & E....;
Wentworih, Geo. B. & Co
Woodbury Brothers
Smith, C.
anil
Morrill.
as
25
43
75
75
siioe heels)
OlaSH
W. A
Thomas
f.O
62
47
Son
Ware
-13
Boot ami Shoe MnniifaclurerH.
'.
A
Smith
Mi
Fish and Oysters.
C
Phillips, N.
27
29
67
A
Faunce, A. D.
(ilidden,
Son
John A
Spencer. A. B
Sanlxjrn, A. V
Tibhltts,J. P
Ward, A.
N
16
54
64,-
77
30-
Watches and Jewelry.
Bacon, Chas.
Folsom, E.
E
W
Hodsdon, Chas. E...
Humphrey, J.
54
83
74
45
33
W
M
Lane, Geo.
Tibbets. R. Frank
Tilton A Richards
Safford, J.
F
26
45
36
68
77
63
67
7r->
������
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Books, Booklets, Ledgers, & Diaries
Digital File
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
1890 Edition The Leading Business Men Of Dover, Rochester, Farmington, Great Falls, And Berwick (Illustrated)
Alternative Title
An alternative name for the resource. The distinction between titles and alternative titles is application-specific.
Great Falls And Its Leading Business Men
Description
An account of the resource
1890 Illustrated Edition of The Leading Business Men Of Dover, Rochester, Farmington, Great Falls, and Berwick.
This is a digital file and does not exist in the physical collection.
RKL-FHS
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Boston Mercantile Publishing Company,
No. 258 Purchase Street
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1890
Date Created
Date of creation of the resource.
1890
book
buildings
business
Farmington NH
illustration
information
people
records
Strafford County
-
https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/12165/archive/files/bc5c25527b8d78ae5415e83f14995260.jpg?Expires=1712793600&Signature=R7ZWfnajBYEpfED1WVKqzVBo-AvJGbwecHNN2xZphd5CJP0-dtgdlvHWd%7Er7InexOtu0ECL0TIeu9juDzfgb9fOtLBABFow675gWB32OTSzuXzBBKGFhbxCPKyA-J0GeDZTOPMj07-fDRME4Iz9CLQTcO4gm7xtFLLgnuK2TAzrrTmdmnyVEMtp%7EgyOYQ6T0xeeuUbsqr9MsDdY1-4xgRA7ePPbeaP6IjgkZPSnlnrYFGvFMW2bCOmUfQLVx-tQhXg8oW31ulwkMb91s2ehLO4wCYp5LU3yf0tFg2C9qePbjt4mouqnZFbYNf8hsQOg6CZgVlG6UOph%7EYGa%7EBlvVoA__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM
ddf546137baad37fce3187762eb133dc
https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/12165/archive/files/51419fcec83e93d525f9668013748649.pdf?Expires=1712793600&Signature=rAZVsmsSTHILQTdC55vRmNf23pCgK9rF-e38eis4H6LqtiDKMfv4uiXGDpMwh12qS3BIbilcPBWZAhobbmS2R-cR5k4tMFNZ8%7EUATj4NBDb3r-rKy5KWQnqdixfcO63ZkjoKgtL4n6m5aNgBnxrsoTY0ZOVZtcFPDidGHHs8A4Q%7EJfYuSXewdL-LMkoifVF4x1G5%7El2AgKV725F1fP3XcndoQpcQN%7EaMrHROCOylOjktPTJip1WFQ6rWSvFrpl9EvHfx9fWcg1gIOfvUNkwlJ%7EKm8301fHuivVuN4Zmbc%7EfaduLuquhlcgG9fInYt%7EXhNYDcEXIRwrhLbSGNvD0awg__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM
2b8751ec519ffb1de0d938ca6af10a5f
PDF Text
Text
��V
^v.
<^
3
����^yMv 0&tu^<~*+«J.
�����STATE CAPITOL.
For description,
see " Concord," page 104.
�THE
STATISTICS
AND GAZETTEER
OF
NEW-HAMPSHIEE.
CONTAINING DESCRIPTIONS OF ALL THE
TOWNS AND VILLAGES; ALSO, BOUNDAPJES
AND AREA OF THE STATE, AND ITS NATURAL RESOURCES,
COUNTIES,
WITH OVER
ONE HUNDRED PAGES OF STATISTICAL TABLES,
PERTAINING TO ITS POPULATION, WEALTH, INDUSTRIES,
CHURCHES, SCHOOL HOUSES, SOLDIERS IN THE LATE REBELLION, AND
POST OFFICES: WITH A LIST OF STATE OFFICERS, ETC.:
TOGETHER WITH A DESCRIPTION OF
ITS
MOUNTAINS, LAKES, RIVERS AND POPULAR RESORTS FOR TOURISTS,
AND A GREAT VARIETY OF OTHER USEFUL INFORMATION.
Wve seen the prairies,
and their flowers
Beside their sparkling rills,
But nothing there that gladdens us
Like old New-Hampshire hills.
COMPILED BY
ALONZO
J.
CONCORD,
D. L.
FOGG.
N. H.
GUERNSEY,
BOOKSELLER AND PUBLISHER.
1874.
aked
�tk;
PUJ
3
Tll_D£
:
Entered according to Act of Congress, December
ALONZO
J.
FOGG, Concord, N.
7th,
A. D.
1872,
H.,
In the Office of the Librarian of Congress at Washington.
STEREOTYPED, PRINTED AND BOUND
AT CXAREMONT, N. H.,
BY THE CLAREMONT MANUFACTURING COMPANY.
by
�TO THE
SONS AND DAUGHTERS OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE,
AND
ADOPTED CITIZENS,
RESPECTFULLY DEDICATED,
BY THE
AUTHOR AND PUBLISHER.
ITS
THIS
VOLUME
IS
��PREFACE.
New-Hampshire
It is nearly twenty years since a Gazetteer of
was published, and although the State has not increased in population,
.-till
the change in every branch of business has been quite
as great as in
any State
in
New
We
England.
have now nearly
double the miles of railway, and three times the number of miles of
we had twenty years
telegraph wire that
The wealth
ago.
the State has increased nearly one hundred per cent.
now
there were but hamlets in 1855, there are
villages,
and the busy
We are now
hum
of
life is
of
Where
large manufacturing
heard from morning
till
night.
living in the days of fast steamboat lines, railroad
express trains, telegraphs and pneumatic tubes.
All branches of business are done with railway speed, and what
it
took years to accomplish, thirty years ago,
as
many
The
focus.
is
now performed
Time and space have been brought nearly
months.
cotton merchant in Boston can do
to
in
a
more mercantile
correspondence in one week with his bi'anch house in Liverpool,
by telegraph, than could be done
Where
time.
fifteen years
now done by telegraph, in as many minutes.
required to perform a journey by stage,
rail,
in
as
ago in a long
took months to convey intelligence by mail,
it
many
days.
it is
lifeit
is
Where weeks were
now accomplished by
In our country, a generation has been
crowded into years, years into months, months into days, and days
into hours.
The
old Farmer's clock that has stood in his kitchen
corner for more than forty years with the wise monition written
on
its
dial that " time
is
money," has seen the maxim heeded and
fully carried out in this generation.
fortunes in a day
In preparing
and sometimes
this
lose
In
this
age
them quite
work we have endeavored
men make
their
as soon.
to
keep the above
�PREFACE.
VI
much
ideas constantly in view, and to give as
pertaining to the industry of
in a brief
manner.
Our
New Hampshire
general information
we
as
possibly could
readers will find that brevity has been
our aim through the book.
But
still
we have intended
to furnish
much useful information in less than seven hundred pages as
many writers, years ago, would have required two thousand to im-
as
part the same amount of knowledge.
have
assisted us
much
Figures in a tabular form
in this respect, there being nearly
We
red pages in tables.
have intended
present standing of the State than of the past
have given but a brief history of the
ographies of eminent
men who were
first
on
left their
;
consequently we
settlements,
and no
natives of the State.
It
native homes to seek their fortunes
broad ocean, and we have reserved that task
life's
bi-
would
and daughters of New-
require volumes to do justice to the sons
Hampshire who have
one hund-
show more of the
to
some
for
future biographer.
In preparing a work like
Nearly
all is a
information,
this,
but very
little
can be original.
compilation, and, in order to obtain the necessary
we have been obliged
to
many
claim the assistance of
people in various sections of the State.
In preparing a book of this character,
ly creep in, that are beyond all
town
will
have
its critics,
many
human power
and they may
see
errors
must natural-
in the
that should be different, in some respect, relative to their
of the State.
Although we
feel
obliged to persons in
for their kindness in assisting us to
many
in
some
instances,
book
own section
many towns
facts, still, that co-opera-
tion throughout the State has not been all
and
Every
to obviate.
some things
we could have
we have been obliged
to rely
desired,
on the manu-
many statistical facts relative to manuour many friends see some errors in this
script census of 1870, for
factories.
If a few of
respect, they
may
rest assured that they
the cities and large towns in the State,
and gathered such information
citizens
have seen
fit
to give us.
were correct in 1870.
we have
All
personally visited,
as to their industries,
etc.,
as the
�PREFACE.
We
have been at considerable expense
State to
is
VII
to prepare
accompany the book, and we venture the
the most accurate
map
of
New-Hampshire that
All the counties, towns, and nearly
people.
all the principal
rivers, lakes
The map
are laid down.
is
map
is
now
of the
all
it
before the
all the post
and mountains, and
before our readers,
a
assertion, that
offices
;
the railroads
and they can judge
for themselves.
To numerous
advice in our
William
friends
efforts,
Little, Esq.,
who have
assisted
especially to the
us,
and given kindly
Hon. John H. Goodale,
D. F. Secomb, Esq., Hon. Asa Fowler,
Chief Justice J. E. Sargent, Samuel B. Page, Esq.,
mental
nearly
officials
all
at the State
all
the govern-
House, the press of the State, and
of the town clerks in the State,
we tender our
heartfelt
acknowledgments.
We
etteer,
are also indebted to Dr. Belknap's History,
"New-Hampshire As
"New-Hampshire
Register,"
It
Is,"
Hayward's Gaz-
New-Hampshire Manual,"
and the U.
S.
Census of 1870, for val-
uable information.
A.
Concord, N. H., March
2, 1874.
J. F.
��OOIsTTElSTTS.
CHAPTEE
First settlement of
I.
New-Hampshire, up
to the Revolution.
CHAPTER II.
Brief history of the War of tli Revolution, Federal Constitution, and of
the Great Rebellion, Regiments, Officers, etc.
CHAPTER
III.
Topographical history of all the cities and towns in the State, giving a
brief statement of the surface, the quality of the soil, its mountains,
lakes ponds, rivers and streams; its summer resorts, villages and
manufacturers
resources, churches, public schools, libraries, hotels,
railroads, &c.
;
CHAPTER
IV.
A statistical summary of the counties
and State, pertaining to their geographical position, value of their manufactories, farm productions,
railroads,
newspapers, national banks, savings banks, insurances,
post-oilices &c.
CHAPTER
V.
Tabular statement of the population of the
cities
and towns
in the
State, ratable polls, assessed valuation of all the towns, stock in trade,
money
at interest, deposits in savings banks, proportional tax,
town
debts, clergymen, lawyers, physicians, merchants, agricultural pro-
ductions, value of farms,
number
of farms, dwellings, and families,
value of cotton manufactories, woolen manufactories, boots and shoes,
hosiery, paper mills, lumber mills, grist mills, tanneries, total manufactories in the State, various occupations of the people in 1870, number
of each kind of manufactories, in the State, in 1870, number of deaths,
by towns, in the State, in 1870, centenarians who have died since 1822,
&c., &c.
�X
CONTENTS.
CHAPTER
VI.
Public Schools, Dartmouth College, Literary Institutions, Asylum for
the Insane, College of Agriculture, Orphans Home, State Prison,
State Normal School, State Capital, Reform School, Religion &c.
CHAPTER
A
VII.
brief review of the State, its climate, its grand mountain, ocean,
lake and river scenery, geology and mineralogy, a description of its
mountains, lakes and rivers, a brief account of the aboriginals of NewHampshire, New-Hampshire compared with the Western States; a
poem on New-Hampshire,
etc.
CHAPTER VHI.
New-Hampshire
Congressional, Councillor," and SenGovernor vote of
Governors of New-Hampshire since 1680
the State in 1872 and 1873
Justices of the higher courts of New-Hampshire since 1776 Wheelwright Deed Cities and Towns in the United States of 6,000 inhabi-
Constitution of
atorial Districts
;
;
State and Legislative Officers
;
;
;
;
tants
and upwards.
ILLUSTRATIONS.
Agricultural College, Hanover.
Board of Trade Building, Concord.
Burleigh's Block, Franklin.
City Library Building, Manchester.
Court House, Manchester.
Dustin Monument on Dustin's Island, Concord.
Eagle Hotel, Concord.
Gage's Circular Saw Works, Fisherville.
Kiarsarge House, North Conway.
Merchant's Exchange, Manchester.
Mount Belknap House, Gilford.
Moosehillock, from Warren.
New-Hampshire Conference Seminary, Tilton.
New-London
Institution,
State House, Concord.
New-London.
(Frontispiece.)
Normal School Building, Plymouth.
Statesman Building, Concord.
Tilden Female Seminary, West Lebanon.
State
MAP.
Map
of New-Hampshire.
�INDEX.
academies will be found under the head of Literary
form also the names of the lakes under
the head of Lakes, and rivers under the head of Rivers.
The index
for
Institutions, in alphabetical
;
514
Acres Improved Land in the State
405
Dartmouth College
Agriculture of the State
403
Deposits in Savings
Agricultural College
532
Depositors in Savings Banks,
Altitudes of Mountains
578
Description of
Amoskeag
238
Dudley, Joseph
Falls
Banks
429
Number
Towns
Dustin, Hannah, Killing Indians
....429
47 to 380
8
— 10
72
Ancient Records of the State
Andros, Edward
12
Artillery, Lafayette
37
Early Records of the State
12
Heavy
36
Federal Constitution
21
for the Insane
529
New-Hampshire Battery
First Reg. N. H. Heavy Artillery
Fish in New-nampshire
36
597
Artillery, N. EL
Asylum
8
Early Laws
5
First
36
Attorney Generals from 1776
Band, Second Brigade
635
Banks. National
Banks, Savings
Barefoot Walter
419
Franconia Mountains
575
421
Franconia Scenery
159
564
Bear Killed a Child
Bear in Alstead
Belknap Dr
262
Geology of New-Hampshire
Gorges, Fernando
38
8
51
Gove, Edward
2
8
Bradley Massacre
117
627
Governor Vote in 1S72 and 1873
Governors of New-Hampshire since 16S0..632
255
Grave of Mathew Thornton
Carr Mountains
Carrigan Mountains
577
Guards, National
576
Guards, Martin
Carter Mountains
576
Climate of New-Hampshire
556
Head, Gen. Natt
Height of Mountains
Congressional Districts
624
Hilton,
Connecticut Valley
403
Insurance Companies
433
Indians in New-Hampshire
598
Birds in N.
H
5
597
Edward
37
37
38
578
3
Constitution of N. H., History of
21
Constitution of New-Hampshire
607
Indians in Charlestown
County of Rockingham Resources
County of Strafford Resources
County of Belknap Resources
County of Carroll Resources
County of Merrimack Resources
County of Hillsborough Resources
County of Cheshire Resources
County of Sullivan Resources
County of Grafton Resources
County of Coos Resources
381
Indians in
383
Indians in Keene
385
Indians in Boscawen
387
Indians in Concord
117
388
Indians in Exeter
155
391
Indians in Pembroke
296
393
Indians in Newington
276
395
Indians in Moultonborough
262
396
Indians in Nashua
267
398
Indians in Plainfield
303
Councilor Districts
(;24
Indians in Hinsdale
195
Council Members, 1873
626
Indians in Plymouth
306
7-8
Indians in Rochester
318
Indians in Rye
322
Edward
John
Cranfield.
Cutts,
7
Durham
90
138
211
72
�XII
INDEX.
Indians in Salisbury
325
Itldiai
151
Marlborough High School
Marlow Academy
Indian
Mc Collum
Indians in Somersworth
Milford High School
Indians in Peterborough
Nashua High School
Nashua Literary Institution
New-Hampshire Conference Seminary
New-Hampshire Commercial Colle
Indians in Swanzey
347
Indians in Walpole
357
Jefferson Scenery
20G
'
since 1776
Justic
'
Kearsarge Mountain
Kiarsarge Mountains
577
520
520
Institute
New-Hampton
;
520
I
Institution
New-Ipswich Appl eton Academy
JO
520
520
521
522
522
522
577
New-London Literary
6
King Philip's War
Lakes rs New-Hampshire
Lake Connecticut
Lake Ma
Lake M
LakeNewfound
take Ossipee
Newport High School
Northwood Academy
Northwood Seminary
523
Academy
Pennacook Academy
Pinkejton Academy
523
I
580
LakeSpafford
LakeSquam
Institution
523
523
Orford
523
524
Peterborough High School
Phillips Exeter Academy
High School
Robinson Female Institute
louth
Lake Sunapee
Lake
Lake
I
523
'
524
521
525
526
526
"
Rollinsford High School
'.'
High School
627
Literary In mtutioxs
in
phi
.- ;
:'
tf.
e
510
Somersworth High School
Stevens High School
Adams Female Academy
Antrim High School
517
Atkin-
517
516
•St.
Paul's School
526
526
526
527
Beede Normal Institute
517
Bristol
High School
Charlestown High School
517
Female Seminary
Troy High School
Tuhbs Union Academy
Walpole High School
517
Manufactories in the State
Chester Academy
517
406
Manufactured Cotton G ode
406
Manufactured Woolen
106
Manufactured Boots and Shoes
Manufactured Iron and Machine Work. ...406
Manufactured Lumber
406
Manufactured Leather
407
109
Manufactured Paper
Manufactured Hosiery
407
Furniture
407
Manufactured
Manufactured Other Goods
407
Austin
517
'.
Christian Institute
518
Concord High School
518
Conwaj
•
517
Clinton Grove Seminary
518
Contoocook Academy
Conanf B
I
Dartmouth College
Dartmouth dome School
Dearborn Academy
Deering Academy
Dover High School
Dumbarton High School
Exeter High School
Fannin
School
Francestown Academy
Franklin Academy
Oil man tun
Academy
Hampton Academy
Keen
Keene High School
Kingston Academy
Kimball On
i
Lane.! -
518
514
51
510
51
I
Members
519
405
Minerals of New-Hampshire
2
37
626
Militia of N. II
519
569
40
567
519
Minerals in Lisbon
226
519
Monadnock Mountain
Monadnock Mt. in Jaffrey
577
519
r,lo
519
519
Moosilauke Mountains
Mountains in New-Hampshire
Mountains in Ossipee
Mt.
520
Imp
War Loan
National Banks
520
205
576
570
-
f,
2
576
Mt. Moriah
Municipal
tie!
-'hool
528
528
Mason, John
Martin Guards
of Co
Metals and Ores
•
Manche
52S
528
i
519
519
!
Li
Til den
National Guards
276
40
419
37
�INDEX.
New-Hampshire
New-Hampsh
New-Hampshire
New-Hampshire
New-Hampshire
New-Hampshire
New-Hampshire
New-Hampshire
Newspapers
Number
Asylum
for tho
Orp
584
544
Hills
579
40
Militia
415
114
id
I
1
Ashuelot
Normal School
Reform School
State
in
1
573
6
Rebellion
Officer'! killed in
Baker's
Bui k
Bellamy Bank
Beaver
Bear Camp
Black Watei
586
-13
Home
Mo tin
5
".
State Prison
Officers of the
Ossipee
Rjtess in New-Hampshire
Upper
Ammonoosuc Lower
.
State
in
Mile
Orphans'
Insane... 529
of Agricultun
XIII
Cold
577
at
.
Pat ridge William
Connecticut
"k
9
"'
Penacook Indians
Pequawket Indiana
Poem by Mrs. Abba G. Woolson
Poem on New-Hampshire, by
I
598
Dead
601
._
Pinion d
Ellis
na Dei n
Proctor
i03
Population of Cities and towns
United States,
ol
GO00 and
in
i
Goose
Stream
the
npwa ds...G44
434—442
Post Offices
5
Presidents of U. S
22
Indian Stream....,
Isinglass
....
Israel's
Press of New-Hampshire
415
John's
Professional Business
408
Lamprey
Mad
590
Mascoma
Public Schools
590
Putney Hill
Quadrupeds
596
Railroads in New-Hampshire
409
Merrimack
590
411
Mohawk
592
Moose
Nashua
592
Nash's
592
Railroads,
number of
Miles
Rebellion
22
Records of the State
12
Reform School
Regiment N. II.,
544
_
Si
cond
Newfound
24
First
Nubanusit
-
Third
25
Oliverian
Fourth
25
Oyster
592
Fifth
2.".
Ossipee
59?
Sixth
26
593
2
Seventh
26
Peabody
Pequawket
Eighth
27
Pemigewasset
593
Ninth
Tenth
28
Philips
093
29
Piscataqua
Eleventh
29
Piscataquog
Twelfth
593
A.. 593
30
Powow
594
Xhirteentl
31
Bed
594
Hill
Fourteentli
32
Fifteenth
38
Smith's
Sixteenth
34
Salmon
Seventeenth
34
Soucook
595
35
Spig
595
36
Squamscot
Eighteenth
1st.
Reg.
1st.
N.
II.
N.
It.
lery
Religion in
New-Hampshire
Cavalry
Heavy
Revolutionary
War
Falls
<'t
Artil-
.
546
.
Little
Swift
554
20
595
595
595
596
:
Resources of the State
Review of New-Hampshire
504
594
596
596
Warner
Winnipiseogee
596
�INDEX.
XIV
Manufacturers by Towns 458 to 459
328
Sandwich Mountains
421 to 428
Savings Banks
429
Number
Savings Banks Depositors,
432
Savings Banks Aggregates
429
Savings Banks Deposits
661
Scenery of New-Hampshire
Scenery in Lancaster
Towns
460 to 471
State by Counties
472 to 473
Showing number Acres of Improved Land by Counties 474
Showing Number Farms in the
474
State by Counties
508
Senatorial Districts
State by
Agricultural Productions of the
216
Scenery in Lincoln
Schools in the State
Second Brigade Band
Agricultural Productions of the
625
225
of Dwelling Houses
Number
38
474
in 1850
84
Number
Number
146
1860
474
37
Settlement of New-Hamushiro
Shakers in Canterbury
Number
Number
of Families in 1860... 474
1
Shakers in Enfield
Sharp Shooters
Smyth, Frederick, governor
38
40—44
Soldiers killed
of Families in 1S50... 474
of Dwelling Houses in
of
Dwelling Houses
474
inl870
House
State Income
State Normal School
104
Number
409
Cotton Manufactures
Woolen Manufactures
State Officers
626
State Prison
536
Boot and Shoe Manufactures... 479
481
Hosiery Manufactures
State
543
of Families in 1870. ..474
475
477
544
Paper Mills
482
State Resources
408
Lumber
483
State Senate, 1S73
626
Summary
of New-Haujpshire
4ul
Table of
Population of the State
Population by Counties
443
Grain Mills
Tanneries
Total Manufactures
448
Nativity of Population
448
Occupations of the State
Select ages and sexes
449
Mechanical Industries of New-
State
Reform School
Towns
453 to 457
Proportional Tax
Debts,
453 to 457
Town
453 to 457
Ratable Polls by Counties.... 457
Valuation by Counties
457
488
491
in
the
493
State
Classification of Population.... 450
Immigration and Emigration
451
of New-Hampshire...
Ratable Polls by Towns. 453 to 457
453 to 457
Valuation by Towns
453 to 457
Stock in Trade
Stock and Money at Interest
453to437
Savings Banks, Deposits by
Mills
498
Hampshire
Number
of Deaths in
499
tlie
State
502
in 1870
Deceased
Centenarians, since
505
1823
509
Public Schools
Table of Officers in the Rebellion
Tornado in Warner
Total Income of the State
Towns, description of
U. S. Sharp Shooters
Usher, John
Unattached Company
43
361
409
47 to 3S0
37
9
38
22
Vice Presidents U. S
Stock in Trade by Counties. ..457
Waldron, Maj. Killed by Indians
Stock and Money at Interest by
457
War, Indian
War Loan
457
War
War
Counties
Savings
Banks
Deposits
by
Counties
Proportional Tax by Counties.. 457
Clergymen by Towns
Physicians, Dentists by
lawyers, by Towns
22
20
458 to 459
Woolson, Mrs. Abba G
457
458 to 459
Towns
Merchants, by Towns... 458
to 459
40
of the Revolution
Weare, Nathaniel
Wiggin, Thomas
Wheelwright Deed
Wheelwright, John
White Mountains
Counties
—
of the Rebellion
458 to 459
Town Debts by
133
6
8
—
3
635
2—4
571
601
�NEW-HAMPSHIRE.
CHAPTER
First Settlement of
New-Hampshire, up
In every age of the world's
history,
nacious of their religious principles
the
I.
to the Revolution.
mankind have been very
—of having the right
Supreme Ruler of the Universe agreeably
duty, and the dictates of their consciences.
to their
to
te-
worship
own views
of
This spirit of religious
freedom, was deeply imbued in the hearts of our
New England
from the land of their birth,
to seek a new home upon the rock-bound shores of New England.
The intolerance they were constantly subjected to, under the tyfathers, for years before
rannical Rulers of
they set
sail
England had a tendency
to establish a determi-
nation in their minds that they would exercise their right of religious
opinion, if they were obliged
With such determined
to seek other climes
to obtain
it.
day of September,
1620, one hundred and one men, women and children went on
board of the Mayflower, and set sail from their native shores, and
landed on Plymouth Rock on the 21st day of December, 1620.
From this little settlement, was founded New England, whose
happy homes millions to-day enjoy.
In this place it may be well enough to refer to an incident which
occurred on their voyage to the new world, to show what a brittle
thread the destiny of New England and our own happy homes hung
upon.
When midway of the ocean, a gale came on, and, through
the violence of the storm, one of the main beams in the mid-ship
was cracked and removed from its place. Accordingly, with such
danger before them, a consultation was held between the passengers
convictions, on the 6th
�NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER.
2
and
officers of the ship,
A
upon the subject of returning.
passen-
ger on board had a large iron screw he had brought from Holland,
by means of which the beam was brought to its place and made
But for this simple iron screw, no doubt the whole destiny
fast.
of New England, and perhaps of our Nation, would have been
changed, and no one can believe for the better. Truly Providence
is in
the wind.
Three years after the landing of the Pilgrims at Plymouth Rock
Sir. Fernando Gorges and Captain John Mason, who had previously obtained, from the Council of Plymouth, a grant of laud which
;
they called Laconia, lying between Merrimack and
rivers, sent out
two small
parties,
Kennebeck
one of which landed on the south
shore of the Piscataqua and formed a settlement which they called
Little
Harbor and within the present
limits of
Portsmouth
—the
other party sailed up the Piscataqua, and settled at Northam, after-
wards called Dover, but by the Indians, Cocheco, or
Winni-
chahannat.
Our
fathers,
who landed
at
Plymouth
to seek a
home where
they could enjoy their religious opinions, were unlike the
tlers of
Portsmouth and Dover.
By
rying on trade with the Natives, they hoped to
return for their labor.
first
set-
and carobtain an abundant
establishing fisheries
Consequently they neglected the only
source of prosperity of any country, agriculture, and for a
num-
ber of years their progress was very slow.
Nothing of note transpired
in the colony, till
1629,
when
the
Rev. John Wheelwright, of the Massachusetts Bay Colony, purchased of the Indians a large tract of land lying between the Piscataqua and Merrimack rivers.
The Indians were paid
in
what
they called a valuable consideration, such as "coats, shirts and
Wheelwright's deed was signed by PassaconaAvay, the
Sagamore of the Indian tribes in this section of New EngThis grant,
land, and also by the Chiefs of several other tribes.
from the Indians, was part of the land previously purchased by
Gorges and Mason. Wheelwright claimed that he obtained his
right of the land from the original owners, which was far better
than through any self constituted English company.
The Plymouth company, very soon after Wheelwright's purchase,
made a new grant of the same territory to Mason and it was alleged that he and Gorges had mutually agreed to divide their
original grant, called Laconia, and take out new patents.
Mason
kettles."
•-hief
;
�FIRST SETTLEMENT.
named
new grant
this
for the
6
county where he formerly lived
in
England, Aeiy-Hampshire.
Edward
Hilton, then living at Dover, obtained a tract of land
and
by deed, including Dover, and what is
part of Newiugton and Greenland.
A grant of land was also obtained by persons living near the mouth
of the Piscataqua, including Portsmouth, Newcastle, Rye, and
part of Newington and Greenfield. The Dover settlement was
called the Upper Plantation, and the Portsmouth settlement was
called the Lower Plantation.
Captain Thomas Wiggin was appointed agent of the former plantation, and Captain Walter Neil
of the latter. Disputes frequently sprung up between the two
for himself
associates,
now Durham, Stratham and a
settlements in relation to territory, but they were, as a general
thing, settled without anything serious transpiring.
Like our people in these modern days, the first settlers of New
Hampshire had what is now called the gold fever. Parties would
be formed and start through the denes forests with spade and
pickaxe on their shoulder, to seek their fortunes among the lakes
and mountains in central New Hampshire. But the yellow lucre
was not to be found, and their fond imaginations of a fortune in a
day were blasted. By such expeditions after gold, agriculture was
neglected, and the stories told them of valuable mines of wealth in
the mountains had proved fallacious.
ships were the fruits of their neglect.
England
in
Want, privations and hardBread was brought from
meal, or in grain from Virginia, and carried to Boston
be ground, there being no mill
in the Colony.
It is no wonder,
under such circumstauces, that disappointment, and consequently
discontent, should creep in and cause many to sell all their in-
to
more enterprising ones (who had remembered the
is not gold), and return to England.
In 1633, Neil and Wiggin formed an agreement with Wheelwright that his proposed settlement at Squamscot Falls should be
called Exeter. They immediately surveyed their respective grants,
and laid out the towns of Dover and Portsmouth. Hampton was
also laid out the same year, the Indian name being Winnecummet.
In 1638, Wheelwright, through persecution, was driven from the
terests
to
the
saying, All that shines
Massachusetts colonies for his religious
belief.
He
belonged
to
a
party of the Church called Antinomians, and for a time was en-
gaged
the result of which was that, with sevwas banished from any territory belonging to Mass-
in a violent contest
eral others, he
;
�NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER.
4
Under
achusetts.
these circumstances, he proceeded at once to
establish a settlement on his grant at Exeter.
In this connection
it
may
be well enough to refer to this religous
Nearly
intolerance of the Massachusetts colonies.
all of
them had
been driven from their homes, in England, by the intolerance of
But, when they were once free from religious persetheir rulers.
cution,
own
and could worship God according
to the dictates of their
consciences, they forgot their persecutors,
and were unwilling
It is a
to accord to others what they had claimed for themselves.
lamented fact that they meted out more intolerant rigor to the
inoifensive Quakers than they ever received at the hands of their
It is claimed, by
religious persecutors in their mother country.
some, that the Pilgrims who landed at Plymouth Rock were never
connected with any of this religious intolerance. Perhaps this
Bay Company were strict
and many left England for the same
reason that our Pilgrim fathers did, and doubtless were accounta-
may
be the fact
;
but the Massachusetts
in all their religious views,
ble for a large portion of this religious persecution.
At
made his settlement at Exeter there
government in New-Hampshire wherefrom they
the time Wheelwright
was no general
could receive or claim any protection and they formed an independent government of their own. It was purely democratic in
;
They had one chief
form, and was based strictly on the Bible.
Magistrate and two associates chosen by the people, and holding
their office for one year.
These
officers
were sworn
to faithfully
discharge their dutie«, while the people were sworn to obey. All
laws were enacted through a general assembly chosen by the people.
The extensive
salt
marshes at
Hampton were
considered valuable
hay for cattle and, accordingly, the Massachusetts
colony sent Richard Dummer and John Spencer to commence
improvements there, and soon after they were followed by some
persons from the County of Norfolk in England. They were allowed to settle there, making their whole number fifty-six. The
first house erected, was known for many years as the Bound House.
for furnishing
Up
to
;
New-Hampshire had no
were separate and independent of
The hostile action of the Indians towards the colonies
1641, the four settlements of
combined government, but
each other.
all
led to a feeling of insecurity in being kept separate through their
form of government
;
and, accordingly, a proposition was
made
to
the Massachusetts colonies, to unite with them under one form of
�FIRST SETTLEMENT.
5
government, which they very readily accepted, having already laid
claim to a large portion of New-Hampshire.
of the towns in
New-Hampshire,
viz.
By
1642, all three
Portsmouth, Dover and
Exeter, had joined their fortunes with Massachusetts, under one
common government.
Hampton had
already been considered as
part of their province.
Considering
the prevailing
of
intolerance
the
colonies at the date of this alliance, the people of
Massachusetts
New-Hampshire
were granted one great privilege by giving them the right to act
in
any public capacity without any regard
The previous laws
to their religious belief.
in Massachusetts debarred
any person from
voting or holding a seat in the General Court, unless they were
members of
the Church.
Belknap, in his history of New-Hampshire, in speaking of the
intolerant
says:
and peculiar laws of the colonies, existing at that date,
of healths and the use of tobacco were for-
"The drinking
—the former
being considered a heathenish and idolatrous
grounded on the ancient libations the other as a species
of intoxication and a waste of time. Laws were instituted to regubidden,
practice,
late the intercourse
;
between the sexes, and the advances towards
They had a ceremony of betrothing, which preceded
Pride and levity of behavior came under the
that of marriage.
cognizance of the magistrate. Not only the richness but the mode
matrimony.
of dress, and cut of the hair, were subject to state regulations.
Women were forbidden to expose their arms or bosoms to view. It
was ordered that their sleeves should reach down to their wrists,
and that their gowns should be closed around their necks. Men
were obliged to cut short their hair, that they might not resemble
women. No person not worth two hundred pounds was allowed to
wear gold or silver lace, or silk hoods and scarfs. These pious
rulers had more in view than the political good.
They were not
only concerned for the external appearance of sobriety and good
order, but thought themselves obliged, so far as they were able, to
promote real religion and enforce the observances of the divine
precepts."
In the performance of what our forefathers regarded their duty,
none could be more conscientious than they. They had but one
single aim in view, and that was to serve God and to allow nothing
be done, where they had the power to prevent, to displease Him.
There is much in their character that claims our respect, notwith-
to
�6
NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER.
standing their arbitrary notions of enacting laws. They firmly
believed in thorough education, and founded a college at Cambridge, within a few years after their first settlement.
In regard to
training the youth, they believed in that true saying
'T
is
education forms the
Just as the twig
is
common mind;
bent, the tree's inclined.
Here lies one great secret of the prosperity of the people of New
England in the interest our fathers took in establishing institu-
—
tions for learning
and a general school system, which our children
to-day are reaping the benefits
of.
Many
laws they enacted, we
might consider wrong but their ideas of a true democratic form of
government were correct in the abstract, and the liberal form of
government which we are enjoying to-day originated from their
ideas of self government.
The Indians had watched the growth and prosperity of the col;
onies with a silent, jealous feeling for many years.
Their hunting
grounds they saw diminishing from day to day. They saw their
numbers gradually growing less, while their white neighbors were
They saw if the white men were not speed
would soon become sole owners of all their
constantly increasing.
ily checked, they
domain.
"With such convictions rankling in the breast of the red
man, Philip, of Mount Hope, son of the Indian chief, Massasoit, was
actuated to incite the various tribes in New Eugland against the
colonies, which brought on the great Indian war called " King
Philip's war."
New-Hampshire suffered severely—
Durham, Exeter, Hampton, Dover and Salmon Falls were attacked.
Houses were burned, cattle killed and many of the inhabitants
were murdered with horrid cruelties. The war commenced in
June, 1675, and closed, through the death of
King
Philip, in
Au-
was a short war, but bloody aud cruel.
In 1679, New-Hampshire became a royal province, after being
under the jurisdiction of Massachusetts for nearly thirty-eight
years.
The government was to be administered by a president
and council appointed by the King. Laws were enacted by an
assembly chosen by the people but the King reserved the right to
gust, 1676.
It
;
discontinue the assembly whenever he thought
it advisable.
John
merchant of Portsmouth, and highly respected,
received the appointment as President, and William Vaughan,
John Gilman and Richard Waldron received appointments to
Cutts, a wealthy
the council.
They
received their commissions January
1st,
1680,
�FIRST SETTLEMENT.
7
and reluctantly accepted the office, for fear that men might be apwho would have no regard for the welfare of the colony.
Portsmouth, Dover, Exeter and Hampton were the only towns in
the State that participated in the election, casting, in all, two hundred and nine votes.
The New-Hampshire Colony was constantly kept in a ferment
pointed
with the Masons,
who
ritory in the State.
him
still
laid claim to a large portion of the ter-
Mason was ever
certain favors in the colony,
from his land chums.
benefit
soliciting the
King
to
grant
whereby he might derive some
In the latter part of 1680, he came
from England empowered by the King to take a seat
His whole object, in securing that position, was
cil.
in the counto exert
an
by means of which he could compel the
people to take leases of him. They were indignant, and postively
refused to comply with his request.
The other members of the
council decided with the people
and he soon left his seat in the
council and returned to England.
Soon after Mason left the colony President Cutts died and Major Waldron succeeded him, and
influence in that body,
;
the affairs
in the various settlements in the State
moved along
about the same as they did under President Cutts.
Mason, ever on the move, again applied to the King for a change
of government in the
influence, one
Edward
New-Hampshire
colony, and, through his
Cranfield was appointed Lieutenant Govern-
or and Commander-in-Chief of
New-Hampshire. Cranfield acceptmaking money, and, evidently,
to be the tool of Mason, as he engaged to pay him one hundred
and fifty pounds annually, and mortaged the province for security
ed the office with the expectation of
to carry out the contract.
Cranfield received his commission in
May, 1682, which vested him with extraordinary powers. He had
the right to suspend members of the conncil, veto laws passed by
the assembly, dissolve the same at his pleasure, erect courts and
pardon criminals. The people soon began to see and feel the tyranny of Cranfield.
Waldron and Martyu were suspended, but
restored to their position on the meeting of the Assembly.
Know-
ing his tyrannical disposition, and the power he possessed, the
Assembly thought it advisable to vote him a present of two hundred pounds.
But
their kindness to him availed nothing to them
Soon Stileman, a member of the council, was suspended
and the Assembly dissolved for not yielding to his mercenary desires. The people of Exeter and Hampton were indignant
or the Colony.
;
�NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER.
8
at his arbitrary conduct, and meetings were holden and resolutions passed declaring for " liberty and reform." Edward Gove, one
members of the dissolved Assembly, headed this revolutionary
movement, and was arrested with several others. A court was
immediately held, and he, with the rest, was convicted of treason.
With the exception of Gove, all were soon set at liberty. He was
sent to England and imprisoned in the Tower of Londun for three
of the
yeafrs,
,
It
is
when he was pardoned and
his estate restored to him.
impossible, in this limited work, to give a detailed account
f every thing pertaining to the first settlers of
but
it
may be
New-Hampshire
well enough to state, that Cranfield was the most ty-
He
rannical Governor that ever ruled the State.
carried measures
to make comKing in relation to his conduct towards the colony.
Alter long delays Weare made out his complaint in general terms,
to such lengths, that Nathaniel
Weare was appointed
plaint to the
which was referred
ing, they
made
to the
Board of Trade.
After a lengthy hear-
He
out a report censuring the course of Cranfield.
was granted leave of absence, and
sailed
for
Jamaica.
Walter
Barefoot, his deputy, succeeded him, and continued in office
till
Dudley, as President of New-England, superceded Barefoot. This
brought New-Hampshire again under the same government with
Massachusetts.
In a few months, Dudley was succeeded by Sir
Edward Andros,
and Governor-in-chief of New-England. Andros came
among the colonies of New-England, with great pretensions of honesty, and to administer to the people a liberal form of government.
as Captain
But he soon showed himself
field.
His rule was
to
be nearly as great a tyrant as Cran-
short, to the great joy of the colonies.
Wil-
when the
colonies received the news of a change, the people assembled and
immediately imprisoned Andros, and soon after sent him to Eng-
liam III ascended the throne of England
in
1688, and
land as a prisoner.
For two years the New-Hampshire colonies were left without a
government, waiting orders from the mother country, but none
came.
In 1690, they petitioned to be admitted under the jurisdic-
tion of Massachusetts,
to the
which was granted, and delegates were sent
In the
General Court of that colony for nearly two years.
meantime, Mason died, leaving
their title to
his land
claims in
New-Hamp-
John and Robert Mason. They soon sold all
Samuel Allen, of London, who was commissioned
shire to his two sons,
�FIRST SETTLEMENT.
9
Governor, and John Usher, as Lieutenant-Governor, with power to
act in Allen's absence.
.
This change of Government was against
the express wishes of the people of
New-Hampshire, who desired
to
ba annexed to the colony of Massachusetts.
In 1689, a new Indian war broke out, instigated, in part, by the
French who had settlements in the province of Canada. On the
evening of June 27, 1G89, through apparent friendship, certain parties
in
of Indians applied for lodgings at each of the garrison houses
When
Dover.
deep
the people had retired, and all were locked in
all the gates of the garrison were
thrown open by the Indian lodgers, and the Indians without rushed
in, and an inhuman butchery of the inmates commenced.
Major
Waldrou, then eighty years of age, was put to death in the most
cruel manner.
Major Waldron was a brave man, and for many
sleep, at
a given signal,
years the Indians had stood in fear of him.
as using
the
Indians harshly in
many
He
has been charged,
instances,
and doubtless
the tortures inflicted on him were to retaliate some wrong which
some of their tribe had received at his hands. In this attack
on Dover twenty-three persons were killed and twenty-nine taken
prisoners and carried to Canada.
In this war, people were killed
in Salmon Falls, Newiugton, Exeter, Rye, Durham and many small
In Durham, Villieu, who was in Command at Penobaccompanied by a French Priest, made the attack with two
hundred French and Indians. Nearly all the houses were burned,
settlements.
scott,
and nearly one hundred of the inhabitants were
captive to Canada.
Hampshire
From
killed or carried
this time, till 1697, the
suffered severely
people of
New-
by these frequent attacks of the
In-
by the French, who were quite as savage in their mode
of warfare; and their conduct in countenancing the killing of defenceless women and children, was a disgrace to any uation which
pertains to civilization. Among the victims who fell by those middians, led on
night attacks was the widow of President Cutts.
made an
after,
In 1696, they
attack on Portsmouth, and killed fourteen persons.
Soon
peace was declared between the English and French govern-
ments, and the Indians were informed by their French
allies that
they had no further use for them, and advised to bury the hatchet,
which they reluctantly consented to. Most of the captives were
restored, and thus ended a distressing war with a cruel and treacherous
foe.
The administration of Usher was unpopular with the
people.
�NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER.
10
His manners were haughty,
of Allen,
who claimed
besides, they
knew he was
ridge, of Portsmouth, superceded
Usher
in the interest
In 1696,
the land they occupied.
One of his first acts was to restore several members of
who had been suspended by Usher. In 1698, the Earl
was appointed Governor of
New
Wm. Part-
as Lieutenant Governor.
the council
Belmont
York, Massachusetts Bay and
of
New-Hampshire.
During the year, Allen came over and assumed the rule of the
There was a continual altercation between him and the
colony.
people, originating from the claim he pretended to hold on their
In the Spring of 1699, the people were relieved from the
land.
and the Earl of Belmont assumed the government of
reinstated Partridge. Allen being disappointed and provoked at the treatment he had received at the hands of
the Earl of Bellomont, and the cool reception of the people, again attempted to gain possession of the territory he had purchased of the
rule of Allen,
New-Hampshire and
Masons.
The
courts of the colony decided against him.
He
then
applied to the King, but he could not fully convince him, of the
validity of his claim
new
suits in the
;
but he was granted permissson to commence
New-Hampshire
courts.
His sudden death pre-
vented any final decision.
Allen
left
one son, who was sole heir to his claim.
the suit, but a verdict was rendered against him.
He renewed
He then ap-
pealed to the Queen, but, before a final decision, death ended the
contest.
The controversy was
claimants, under Mason's
province.
amount of
finally terminated
by yielding
to the
grant, the unoccupied portions of the
This Mason controversy had been the source of a great
trouble to
the colonies for nearly seventy-five years.
There was scarcely a year but these claims were presented to the
either by courts or by governors appointed
people, in some form
for that purpose, in the interests of the. Masons.
In 1702, the Earl of Bellomont having died, the Queen appointed
Joseph Dudley Governor of Massachusetts and New-Hampshire.
The next year Usher was again appointed Lieutenant Governor.
Dudley, on assuming his office, fearing that the Indians had a
;
feeling of discontent, called the chiefs of several tribes together,
and
again renewed their friendship which they promised to maintain.
But
in 1703, owing to the trouble between the French and English
governments, the Indians, notwithstanding the pledges they had
made
to Governorr
Dudley but a few months
before,
were iuduced
�FIRST SETTLEMENT.
11
again to dig up the hatchet, and once more the horrors of the
torch, the
tomahawk and scalping
knife flashed vividly before the
This was commonly called Queen
eyes of the infant settlement.
Ann's war, and continued for nearly ten years. At Hampton village, five persons were killed by the savages, among whom was the
The
widow Mussey, a talented speaker among the Friends.
Indians were punished severely, frequently, and many killed, but
still they were not disheartened so long as the French were their proThey attacked the settlements on Lamprey and Oyster
tectors.
In
Rivers, houses were burned, and men and women were killed.
He w as a brave officer
1710, Col. Winthrop Hilton was killed.
T
Exeter and
and was highly esteemed by all who knew him.
Dover were visited by the Indians and deeply tasted the bitter
Peace was declared at Utrecht, in 1712, to
fruits of a savage war.
the great joy of the people, and, not long after, a formal peace was
ratified with the Indians.
We
now brought to nearly ninety years since the first setcommenced at Dover and Portsmouth, and we have en-
are
tlements
deavored to give a brief account of the most important events that
had transpired up
mentioned nearly
mentioned
—from 1702
to 1741,
We
Queen Ann's war.
to the close of
all the rulers
have
of any note up to the time before
New-Hampshire and Massachusetts
were united under one general government. Benning Wentworth
was appointed Governor of New-Hampshire in 1741, and John
Wentworth,
his
nephew,
in 1767,
and held
his office
up
to the time
of the war, of the Revolution in 1775.
For
sixty years,
up
to to the date of the Revolution, there
frequent troubles with the Indians, and
fathers
many
and mothers, of future happiness
were
fond anticipations, by
in this world,
were dashed
forever out of sight by the torch and tomahawk, in a single night.
But the first settlers of New-Hampshire were adventurous men and
women, full of energy, and not to be deterred or intimidated, by any
reverses that might befall them, from their purposes. They left the
land of their birth, across the Atlantic, for the purpose of securing
a
home
them
in the wilds of
in their
New-Hampshire, and whatever danger met
path they faced with courage and with a
full deter-
mination to succeed.
"With such determined minds,
tlers of
it
might be expected that the
New-Hampshire were annually extending
and that the red men of the
forest
set-
their boundaiies,
were constantly receding.
At
�NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER.
12
the date of the
commencement of the war of the Revolution, there
fifty incorporated towns, and eighty-
were nearly one hundred and
two thousand inhabitants in the State.
Our
limited space, in this department of the work, will not per-
mit us to give an extended account of the
trials
and hardships
which our forefathers were subjected to, in securing homes for their
children and their posterity, which thousands of the happy sons and
daughters of New-Hampshire are enjoying to-day.
Considerable space
is
given to the ancient records of the State,
boundary line between Massachusetts and NewHampshire, and some of the early organizations of the towns, which
relative to the
is
an important chain of history for the future.
We append a few extracts of the Ancient Records, from the
Rev. Joseph B. Felt's Collections
Association," giving
&c, of some
" Between
the following
for the "
American
Statistical
dates of grants, settlements,
New-Hampshire.
and Massachusetts, there was a long
parts of the State of
this State
tion arose, though others of similar kind
dis-
Before this ques-
cussion relative to their individual boundaries.
had been
agitated, the
whole being chiefly caused by the Patents largely infringing upon
each other, all the settlements of New-Hampshire had put themselves
Portsmouth and
under the jurisdiction of Massachusetts.
Dover, by their own request and previous assignment of their proprietors,
became thus
subject,
October
9,
session of
May
10, 1643.
Exeter, having
was received at the
1641.
petitioned, Sept. 8, 1642, to be alike privileged,
Under such circumstances, Massachusetts
'On perusal of our Charter, it
passed the ensuing order in 1652:
was this day voted by the whole Court, that the extent of the line is
to be from the northernmost part of the Merrimac River and three
miles farther north, be it a hundred miles more or less from the sea,
and from thence upon a straight line east and west to each sea;
and
this
is
to
be the true interpretation of the terms of the limit
northward, granted in the Patent.' Subsequent to
employed two commissioners
to
run these
limits,
this action,
they
with the assistance
The report of this survey is as follows
At
Aqueduhtan (now Lake Village), the name of the head of the
Merrimac, where it issues out of the Lake called Winnapuseaki
(Winnipiseogee), upon the first day of August, 1652, we observed,
and by observation found, that the latitude of the place was 43°
of two surveyors.
40' 12", besides those
:
'
minutes which were to be allowed for three
�FIRST SETTLEMENT.
miles
13
into the Lake.'
This took place while
more north, which run
the regal government of the mother country was suspended, while
there was no probability that Parliament would allow the patent of
Mason, which was of doubtful authority, and while the colonists
were clearing themselves, as much as they could with safety, from
subjection to the English government.
inhabitants of
New-Hampshire were
It
was done,
also,
when the
desirous of remaining under
the jurisdiction of Massachusetts, as a protection
from anarchy
among themselves, and from the depredations of the enemy without.
Mr. Mason renewed his suit, as soon as Charles II. ascended the
throne and began to manifest his hostility to the Bay colony for
their anti-royal sentiments
in
and
practices.
A
decision
was rendered
the favor of Mason, in 1675, at the time the inhabitants of
England were
New-
the greatest power to avert
striving with
their
threatened extermination by the Indians, under the leadership of
Edward Randolph,
Philip.
ready
a relative of the
claimant, always
our shores with unwelcome messages, came over the
to visit
He visited New-Hampshire and made known the deMr. Mason to the inhabitants. Some, as is usual in such
emergences, were forward to denounce Massachusetts, and thought
by this means to make capital for the advancement of their own
interests.
The inhabitants of Dover protested against the claim
of Mason; declared that they had bona fide purchased their lands
next year.
sires of
of the Indians
;
recognized their subjection to the government of
Massachusetts, under
and by
whom
whom
they were
now
they had lived so long and happily,
assisted in defending their estates
families against the savage enemy.
leave them unmolested.
and asked
They
Portsmouth protested
for like relief
from
in a similar
his royal highness.
The
and
King
petitioned the
to
manner,
intrigues
of the political foes of Massachusetts being favored by the King,
they succeeded with him, and, in 1680, New-Hampshire, by his
orders, became a colony.
The principal inhabitants, even then
knowing that this change was to forward other purposes than their
withdrew from Massachusetts.
Such a course encroached upon the limits of the latter colony,
by withdrawing from it the following towns. The dates annexed
benefit, with reluctance
to the towns denote their incorporation
;
italics
express their In-
and Roman letters their former English names.
"Portsmouth, 1653. Piscataquach, Strawberry Bank. Settled
under David Thompson, 1643; patronized by Sir Fernando Gorges
dian names
;
—
�NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER.
14
and Capt. John Mason and
The
others.
Harbor, called Mason Hall.
Little
It
first
house was built at
was incorporated by a char-
ter of 1633.
Dover, Sept.
Cochecho and Winnichahanat, Hilton's
8, 1642.
Northam. Settled under Edward and William Hilton,
1623, by order of an association in England, denominated the
Company of Laconia. The proprietors of Dover and Portsmouth
—
Point,
assigned
June
their jurisdiction
over these places to Massachusetts,
14, 1641.
Exeter,
May
10, 1643.
Swamscot (Falls.)—Settled, 1638, by Rev.
John Wheelwright and others exiled from Massachusetts
fessing the Antinomian principles of Anne Hutchinson.
Hampton, Sept. 4, 1639. Winnacunet or Winnaeowett.
for pro-
—By
or-
der of Massachusetts, a house was erected here as a sign of possession, 1636,
It
was
by Nicholas Easton, commonly called the 'Bound
Oyster River,
ham.
house.'
settled in 1638.
May
17, 1675.
—Part
Its inhabitants petitioned to
Great Island, Oct. 15, 1679.
of Dover.
It
now Dur-
is
be a town in 1669.
—Part
of Portsmouth.
It
is
how
Newcastle..
These six towns, except Portsmouth, were incorporated by Massachusetts."
At
the time
New-Hampshire became a separate
jurisdiction,
it
appears that Oyster River was again considered a part of Dover,
and Great Island again as part of Portsmouth.
October 16, 1672,
Massachusetts, in addition, granted Portsmouth a village, about the
bounds of Dover, which
is
thought
to
have been Newington.
the time Charles II acknowledged the claim of
Mason
to
At
New-
Hampshire, he also acknowledged his claim to the tract extending
from Merrimac River to Naumkeag River, in Salem, and called
Mariana.
Wanalaset, chief sachem on the Merrimac River, sold a large
November 5, 1685, which was afterward assigned to
New-Hampshire. The purchasers, of him, were Joseph Dudly, Samuel Shrimpton and Richard Wharton.
The territory, thus purchased, extended six miles ou each side of the Merrimac River, and
from Souhegan River on one side, to Brentou's Farm, or Littleton,
on the other, up to the southerly part of Lake Winnipiseogee.
tract of land,
By
laid
order of Massachusetts, a reservation of three miles square was
out, for certain Indians.
Twenty
proprietors,
who were
to
�FIRST SETTLEMENT.
15
title for a company.
To effect this,
Mason a relinquishment of the claim
hold equal shares, obtained the
they acquired of Robert T.
he made to
it,
and entered into a mutual agreement, May 12,1686,
whole territory. This was called the million
for the control of the
acre purchase.
June
14, 1728, the
General Court of Massachusetts, after pro-
tracted consideration, agreed that the vote pertaining to townships
in
New-Hampshire, Dec.
13, 1727,
The
should be carried into effect.
vote was, for the better protection of the inhabitants, and to diminish
the cost of defence in war, townships, each of six miles square, be
laid out,
by committees,
in a straight line,
from the north-east
cor-
ner of Northfield, to the north-west corner of Dunstable, northward
of the said line ten miles, to the south-ward five miles, on both sides
of Merrimac River, east of said river three miles, and west of
from the north part of Dunstable
miles,
to the
it
six
south part of Con-
Jan. 15, 1736, the Legislature of Massachusetts accepted
cord.
the report of a committee.
It
proposed that, for protection and
defence, a line of towns from the north-west corner of
Rumford
or
Great Falls of Connecticut River, and from these
on the east side of said river, to Arlington, and one or two
Concord,
falls,
to the
towns, between these
falls,
and the equivalent land on the west
side of this river, be laid out.
The
demanding a further prosecution of
on Wednesday, Feb. 2, 1737,
"In the House of Representatives. Whereas
the following order:
several townships, heretofore granted, are now settling, and many
inhabitants have actually got on Asheuelot River, and on a township granted to Josiah Willard, Esq., and others, lying on or near
Connecticut River, and also other people are settled on several
townships, on or near Merrimac River, which have not as yet been
laid to or declared in what county they lye, and it being necessary
that those people know in what county they be in order to have
their title recorded, the King's peace preserved, and common jusnecessity of the times
their object, the Legislature passed,
—
tice
done therein, as other
ince
;
his Majestie's subjects within this prov-
wherefore, voted that the said townships, granted to Josiah
Willard, and commonly called Arlington, the two townships on
Asheuelot River, the township granted to Sylvester and company,
the several townships to the westward of Connecticut River, the four
townships on the east side and adjoining to Connecticut River, and
also three, four, eight and nine in the line of towns, and the lands
�NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER.
16
lying and being within the same, shall and are hereby declared to
lie
within and be accounted part of the county of Hampshire, and
that the several townships following, the Narragansett towns, called
number three and five, the Canada towns, granted to Capt. King
and company, the townships granted to Capt. Rayment and company the township granted to the late Capt. William Tyng and
company, that granted to John Simpson and others that granted
;
to the inhabitants of Ipswich, the township granted to Capt. Gor-
ham and company, Canada
soldiers, the
township granted to the
John Lovell and soldiers at Suncook, the township
granted to Mr. John Coffin and others, and number one, two, five,
six and seven in the line of towns, shall be and are hereby delate Capt.
clared part of and belonging to the county of Middlesex together
with the lands and farms, lying within and adjoining any other
of the said townships, and that the
Canada township granted
to
Capt. Withington and company, and the township granted to Capt.
Tilton and company, that were in the
Canada Expedition, 1690,
with the lands between these townships and others, belonging to
Worcester county, shall be and are hereby declared
to
belong to
the county of Worcester, and be accounted as part thereof for the
future.
In Council Read and Concurred.
Consented
to,
J.
BELCHER.
Soon the arrangement was interrupted. As countenance had
St. James, to the claim of Mason, a
more explicit questioning of the territory belonging to Massachubeen given, at the Court of
setts,
on Merrimac River, the agent for New-Hampshire, John
Ringe, while in England, stated the following:
setts, in
the reign of
Queen Anne, taxed
That Massachu-
the people of his colony,
who
all
resi .ed five miles north of the Merrimac, and, in 1719, claimed
land for three miles on the same side of this river, from the
mouth thereof
to its head,
which they called Winnipiseogee Lake
and, in 1731, declined to relinquish jurisdiction over the townships
that they had granted, which made their bounds eleven miles and
three quarters north of said river.
The plea made on these
grounds, by Commissioners before the
own
King
Bay
dislike for the political policy of the
to decide,
April
9,
in Council, with his
1740, far more favorably to
than they had even expected.
him
New-Hampshire
Legislature, led
This decision was, that the northern
�FIRST SETTLEMENT.
17
boundary of Massachusetts, be a similar curve, pursuing the course
Merrimac River at three miles distance on the north side thereof, beginning at the Atlantic Ocean, and in a straight line from
of
thence due west, until
By
ments.
est
meets with his Majestie's other govern-
it
such a determination, expressly contrary to the plain-
language of our
shire.
The subsequent marks,
towns have the following
accepted
;
mark,
New-Hamp-
the dates after these
pi'efixed to
significations,
No
J settled.
which had
charter, the ensuing towns,
first
been granted by our commonwealth, were assigned to
namely
* granted
:
;
f plat
so placed, indicates incororpation.
The Indian names of towns are printed in italics, and their former.
English names in Roman letters. New Style is used as to the
years.
Amherst, fDec. 18, 1728. (West) Souhegan, Salem NarraNo. 3. Granted for service in the Narraganset Expedition
April 26, 1733 and confirmed in 1733.
—
ganset,
Bedford, fFeb. 26, 1734.
5.
— Granted
in the
(East) Souhegan, Narraganset, No.
Benjamin Smith and
to
others, June, 1732, for service
Narraganset Expedition, 1675.
Boscawen, *Dec.
and o.thers.
Bow, | Feb.
1,
1732.
8,
Dantzick.
1737.
Settled about 1737.
Contoocook.
— Granted
— Granted
to
John
for service in
Coffin
Canada
Expedition of 1690.
No.
Charlestown, fFeb. 27, 1734.
first
4.— Took
its
name from
the
one of Sir Charles Knowles, who presented a sword to Capt
Phineas Stevens, for his brave defence of
its fort
in 1747.
Chesterfield, f Jan. 15, 1736.
No. 1.
Concord, * Jan. 17, 1726. Pennicooh,
Salem, 1663.
Irish settlers were here,
right of grant,
1725.
March
22, 1724.
Settled about 1727.
—
Rumford. Granted to
and claimed Peunicook, by
Purchased of Massachusetts
March
Incorporated
in
4, 1734.
Dunbarton, and part of Weare, "("March 20, 1736. Beverly
Canada, or Hale's Town. Stark's Town. Granted for service in
Canada Expedition of 1690.
Dunstable, * Oct. 15, 1673.— Settled about 1672.
—
—Granted
to
Joseph Green, Isaac
others, for lands in Stockbridge.
Acceptance of plat
Francestown, f July 18, 1673.
Walker and
not signed by Governor.
Goffstown, fFeb. 26, 1734.
Township.
—Granted
Narraganset No.
for service
in the
4,
Amoskeag
Falls
Narraganset Expedition
�NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER.
18
A
of 1675.
committee of
proprietors dated a notice for their
its
meeting at Dighton, in 1736.
Henniker, Jan.
to
No.
15, 1736.
John Whitman and
Hillsborough, Jan. 15, 1736.
who
sold
it
to
6,
Todd's
Town.—Granted,
1735,
others.
John Hill and
—Granted
to people of
Plymouth,
others.
Fort Dummer, Bridgman's Fort,
was part of Northfield. Resettled, 1739.
(Township, 'above Northfield, was granted to John Pynchon and
others, June 18, 1685.
His petition for it that he proposed the reHinsdale, | Dec.
1,
Settled before 1683.
1736.
It
quest to prevent " ye incroachments of ye French vpon vs on Con-
who vndovbtedly, according
necticut River, above Sqvakeag,
what
intelligence* I
have met with, are designed
to
to possess yt place
at Coassit."
Parish of Dunstable.
1 1731. Nissitkset— "West
Hollis,
Powers, born at Littleton, Ms., and his wife,
Anna
Peter
Keyes, born
at Chelmsford, and their children, settled at Hollis, Jan., 1731.
Hopkinton, Jan. 15, 1736. No. 5, New Hopkinton.
Kcene, f June 21, 1734. (Upper) Ashuelot. Ordered to be laid
—
out,
June
24, 1731.
Lempster, Jan. 15, 1736.
Lyscom and
Litchfield,
about 1656.
No.
9,
Dwpplin.
—Granted
to
Samuel
others.
July
4,
1734.
Natdcott, Brenton's Farms.
Regranted, July
Londonderry, J 1719.
sachusetts, Dec. 1, 1720.
9,
—Granted
1729.
Nutfield.
—
Settlers
warned away by Mas-
—
Lyndeborough, f June 17, 1736. Salem Canada. Granted to
Samuel King and others, for services in Canada Expedition of 1690.
Merrimac, June 6, 1733. Part of Dunstable and Bedford.
New Boston, f March 20, 1736. Piscataquog, Lane's Town.
Granted to Andrew Lane, John Simpson, and others. Had sixty
houses and a meeting-house, etc., 1740.
New Ipswich, * Jan. 15, 1736. Ipswich Canada. Granted for
service in Canada Expedition of 1690 to John Wainwright and
—
—
others.
Plat accepted
Nottingham, J 1710.
March
— Part
20, 1736.
of Dunstable.
Incorporated Jan.
16, 1733.
—
Pembroke, * Aug. 6, 1728. Suncook, Lovewell's Town. Granted
men for service, under Capt. John Lovewell, at Pigwacket fight.
Peterborough, f June 16, 1738. Granted to Samuel Harwood
and others, for service in Cauada Expedition of 1690.
to
—
�FIRST SETTLEMENT.
19
—
Kichmond, f July 6, 1736. Sylvester's Canada. Granted for
service in Canada Expedition, 1690.
Rindge, * Feb. 3, 1737. Rowley Canada. Granted to John
Tyler, Joseph Pike, and others, for service in Canada Expedition
of 1690. Plan of it laid before General Court, Jan. 23, 1739.
—
Appropriation made for a meeting-house, 1743.
Salisbury, * Feb. 3, 1737. Baker's Town, and Stevens's Town.
Granted for service in Canada Expedition of 1690, under Captains
John March, Stephen Greenleaf, and Philip Nelson. Plat confirmed, Jan.
2,
1740.
—
(Lower) Ashuelot. Ordered to be
June 24, 1731.
Tyng's Town, |May 1, 1736. "Old Harry Town."— East of
Bow and Gofistown. Granted in 1735 for service, under Capt.
William Tyng, in 1703, by "pursuing the Indian enemy into their
own country on snow shoes," the first attempt of that kind. Soon
Swanzey, f Feb. 21, 1734.
laid out,
settled after 1738.
Walpole, Jan.
Granted
No.
2,
to
15, 1736.
John Flint and
No.
2,
Great Fall, Bellows
others, Nov., 1736.
but called No. 3 in a petition of
its
Town.—
Marked on a map
proprietors.
Warner, * 1735. New Amesbury.
Washington, Jan. 15, 1736. New Concord, Camden.
Westmoreland, Jan. 15, 1736. No. 1, Great Meadow.
Winchester, f June 21, 1733. Arlington, to its incorporation.
Granted to Josiah Willard and others. Incorporated, June 20,
1739.
" Besides these towns, Massachusetts by the decision in favor of
New-Hampshire, Guildford, granted for service under Capt. Samuel
Gallop, in Canada Expedition of 1690, and its plat accepted, Feb.
Groton Grant,
3, 1737, aud other towns subsequently of Vermont
or equivalent of 10,800 acres, for what was included by Littleton,
Major Willard and Reed's Farms, and for loss in Indian wars,
granted, April, 1735, and confirmed, Juue 15, 1736; portions of
Salisbury, Amesbury, Haverhill, Methuen, Townsend, Ashburnham, Bernardstown, Colerain, Conway, and other territory."
;
�NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER.
20
CHAPTER
Brief history of the
War
II.
of the Revolution, Federal Constitution,
Great Rebellion, Regiments,
The war
and of the
Officers, etc.
of the Revolution originated through the persistent
determination of the mother country to tax the colonies, without
their consent.
The
and reprehad no voice in the
colonies maintained that taxation
sentation were inseparable
;
and
that, as they
The
it had no honorable right to tax them.
tax imposed, was in 1765, and called the " Stamp Act," which
English Parliament,
first
ordained that, upon
all
business documents
and newspapers, stamps
should be fixed, which the colonies were. obliged to purchase of
This Stamp Act met with such opposition that
was repealed in 1766, but Parliament at the same tima asserted
The next
the right to bind the colonies in all cases whatever.
year they imposed a tax on tea, and several other imports. Like
the Stamp Act, it was met with powerful opposition. This tyranand
nical course of England the colonies refused to assent to
when two or three cargoes of tea arrived in Boston the people were
determined that it should not be landed, and, on the night of De-
the government.
it
;
cember 16, 1773, a party, disguised as Indians, boarded the vessels
and threw three hundred and sixty-two chests of tea into the harbor.
The English government were indignant, and were determined
that the colonies should yield to their requests, and the colonies
were quite as determined not to submit to any laws they had no
part in making. At length, the troubles between the mother
country and her colonies culminated in bloodshed, on the nineteenth day of April, 1775, at Lexington, Massachusetts, and
ter-
minated by the colonies becoming a free and independent nation.
The people of New-Hampshire had always been loyal to the
mother country, but, when their liberties were at stake, they were
quite as zealous to defend their rights as those of their sister states
�FEDERAL CONSTITUTION.
and furnished
pendence.
their full quota of
But our
men
to secure
21
our American inde-
limited space will not permit us to give
extended history of the war of Independence neither
;
for every reader
is
is it
any
required,
conversant with the history of the American
Revolution.
The Revolution produced, of
course,
its
own heroes
;
and New-
Hampshire, to-day, feels proud of her Langdons, Weare, Sullivan,
Stark, Scammel, Hale, and many others, who lent a helping hand
in this great struggle
for
American
liberty.
On
almost every
northern battlefield, the blood of New-Hampshire's sons ran freely.
At Bunker
Long Island, Monmouth, Bennington, Stillwater,
many other smaller battles, they assisted in sealing
Hill,
Saratoga, and in
our independence with their blood.
FORMATION OF THE FEDERAL CONSTITUTION.
—
At the close of the war of the revolution, our country what is
now called the United States was divided into thirteen colonies or
For five years
States, with separate, oi'ganized state governments.
—
the states lived under a national confederate compact
soon found that this compact had no strength in
a national government.
war and contract debts
;
;
but
itself to
it
was
maintain
The confederated Congress could declare
it had no power to pay those debts,
but
only to advise the several states to pay their respective shares of
debts thus contracted by Congress.
In May, 1787, delegates from the several states (with the excepRhode Island) met in Philadelphia to form a National Con-
tion of
stitution.
After a session of four months of careful consideration,
and looking
at the several interests of the respective states, the
we now live, was
and signed by the members of the Convention, September
17, 1787, and received the assent of the requisite number of states
George Washington was the unaniearly in the summer of 1788.
mous choice of the people for the first President under the new
Constitution, and was inaugurated in the city of New York, April
30, 1789, as President, and John Adams as Vice President of the
United States of America.
As the central government of the nation is part of the history of
New-Hampshire, and for future reference of our readers, we here-
Constitution of the United States, under which
drafted,
�22
NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER.
with append a list of all the presidents and vice presidents of the
United States up to the present time.
�23
THE GREAT REBELLION.
Southern States openly declared, in their
sion,
seats, the right of seces-
their intention of resigning their seats in the national
and
home to sustain it.
The first hustile demonstration made agaiust our national Government was the firing upon the steamer "Star of the West'' which
Congress, and returning
was sent with provisions
to
supply Maj. Anderson, stationed at Fort
The next was the
Sumter, in Charleston harbor, South Carolina.
bombardment of that
forces,
and
fort
its
capitulation to the Southern
April 13, 1861.
The firing on Fort Sumter created a great indignation throughout
the whole North, and, on the fifteenth day of April, the President
called for seventy-five thousand troops, to serve for three months.
Thus commenced one of the greatest rebellions that ever occurred
any civilized nation, which Continued for four years, and over
five hundred thousand men sacrificed their lives, doubtless they all
thought, for the good of their country. But this national calamity
brought forth some good fruits. African slavery, that had been
the scourge of the nation for so many years, was forever prohibited,
and to-day every person in our nation enjoys, under the law, every
blessing which his Creator intended for him.
New-Hampshire promptly responded to the call of the President,
and the first New-Hampshire Regiment of U. S. Volunteers was
armed and equipped and ready for the field, May 25, 1861. The
officers of the First New-Hampshire Regiment were Mason W.
Thomas J. Whipple, Laconia, LieuTappan, Bradford, Colonel
tenant Colonel
Aaron F. Stevens, Nashua, Major Enoch Q.
Fellows, Sandwich, Adjutant
Richard N. Batchelder, Manchester,
Quartermaster
Moses K. Hazeltou, Bradford, Paymaster Alpheus B. Crosby, Hanover, Surgeon
Henry C. Shaw, Hanover,
Assistant Surgeon and Stephen G. Abbott, Bradford, Chaplain.
in
;
;
;
;
;
;
;
;
Space will not permit us
The
officers.
first
to
give a full
regiment did not see
of the
Company
fighting,
but their
list
much
duties were quite as arduous, if not as dangerous.
They were on
picket duty on the Potomac, the larger portion of the time on the
Maryland
side of the river.
inarched through
House,
in
When
Col.
Tappan with
his
regiment
Pennsylvania Avenue, he passed the White
review before President Lincoln, and thence two and one-
half miles to his camp.
They had
scarcely reached their quarters,
before a messenger arrived from the President, complimenting Col.
Tappan
as
having the best and most thoroughly appointed reg-
�24
NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER.
iment that had thus far reached Washington.
August
New-Hampshire had
out at Concord,
in the service,
een regiments of Infantry
They were mustered
1861.
9,
through the rebellion, eight-
N. H. Battalion of New-England Cavalry
First Regiment N. H. Volunteer Cavalry
New-Hampshire
First Battery
First Regiment New-Hampshire Heavy Artillery,
eighteen hundred men
Company " E" First Regiment U. S.
;
;
;
;
;
Sharpshooters
shooters
Go's. "
;
National Guards
;
" G" Second Regiment U. S. SharpMartin Guards Lafayette Artillery;
F" and
;
;
and attached Company of New-Hampshire Volunteers. The last
four companies were stationed at Fort Constitution in Portsmouth
harbor, making in all that served against the rebellion, nearly
thirty-three thousand men.
The Second Regiment were three years men, and went into camp
Portsmouth, and arrived on the field just in time to participate
in the first battle of Bull Run.
The officers of this regiment were
Gilman Marston, Exeter, Colonel Francis S. Fisk, Keene, Lieutenant Colonel
Josiah Stevens, Jr., Concord, Major
Samuel G.
Langley, Manchester, Adjutant; John S. Godfrey, Hampton Falls,
Quartermaster; and Henry E. Parker, Concord, Chaplain.
The second regiment, being the first in the field of battle, saw
more service than any other, being nearly all the time in Virginia,
where more blood was spilt than in any other State in the Union.
The regiment had on its roll, over three thousand names. The
officers that have been commissioned for its own regiment, and other military organizations, are one Major General
two Brigadier
at
;
;
;
;
Generals
five
;
Colonels
five
;
ten Lieutenant Colonels
Surgeons; ten Assistant Surgeons;
Captains of the regular army
one First Lieutenant
the Volunteers
;
in
;
regular
;
eleven Majors
three Chaplains;
sixty Captains in the Volunteers;
army
;
ninety
first
Lieutenants in
seventy-one sec6nd Lieutenants of Volunteers
Captains and Assistant Quartermasters
missary of subsistence
;
;
three
;
two
one Captain and Com;
and three Medical Cadets.
The Second marched over six thousand miles, participated in
nearly thirty battles, and lost over one thousand men. The most
important battles they were engaged in, were the first Bull Run,
Williamsburg, Fair Oaks, Malvern Hill, second Bull Run, Fredericksburg, Gettysburg, Cold Harbor, and the battles around Peters-
burg.
They were mustered out of
19, 1865.
service at City Point, Va., Dec.
�REGIMENTS, OFFICERS,
25
AC.
The Third New-Hampshire Regiment was the next in the field.
Enoch Q. Fellows, Sandwich, Colonel John H. Jackson, Portsmouth, Lieut. Colonel; John Bedel, Major; A. A. Moulton, Surg.
;
This regiment did good service in South Cai'olina and Virginia.
They were
of them.
in
many
a hard-fought battle and lost heavily in some
They were
at
James
and several other
battles.
At
Wagner and its siege,
Bermuda Hundred, Deep Run,
Island, Fort
Drury's Bluff, Half-way House,
Wagner, they lost
at Deep Run,
as a brave and effi-
the battle of Fort
one hundred and four men, killed and wounded
They
ninety-three.
,
eient regiment,
July
stood high in the service
and were an honor
to the State.
;
Mustered
out,
20, 1865.
The Fourth Regiment was organized at Manchester, and mus-
—
The officers were Thomas
Whipple, Laconia, Colonel; Louis Bell, Farmiugton, Lieut.
tered into service in September, 1861.
J.
Colonel
Jeremiah D. Drew, Salem, Major
;
;
Henry W.
Fuller,
Concord, Adjutant; and John L. Kelley, Manchester, Quartermaster.
The Fourth Regiment did good service in the field. When they
New-Hampshire they went to Washington, and went into camp
left
near Bladensburg Toll-gate.
Nov. 29th, they arrived at Port
The regiment remained in South Carolina about
three months, when they sailed for Fernandina, arriving there,
March 5, 1862. They performed valuable service in the South,
Royal, S. C.
and were
Richmond. We have not the
movements of this regiment through
was considered one of New- Hampshire's best regi-
in several battles before
we could wish
records
the war, but
it
Mustered
ments.
out,
of the
Aug
23, 1865.
The Fifth Regiment was organized at Concord, and mustered
into service, October 26, 1861.
The officers were Edward E. Cross,
Lancaster, Colonel Samuel G. Langley, Manchester, Lieut. ColoWilliam W. Cook, Derry, Major; Charles Dodd, Boston,
nel
Mass., Adjutant; Edmund M. Webber, Somersworth, Quartermaster
Luther M. Knight, Franklin, Surgeon and Elijah R.
;
;
;
;
Wilkins, Lisbon, Chaplain.
Through the winter of 1861-2, the Fifth were in the vicinity of
Washington, on the Virginia side of the Potomac, doing picket
and drill duty, and perfecting themselves for the coming spring
campaign. On the fourth of April, they embarked at Alexandria
for the Peninsula,
and landed near Ship Point, Virginia, and went
�NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER.
26
through that memorable campaign, under Gen.
Richmond,
summer
Me Clellan,
before
They were engaged in the
battles of Williamsburg, Fair Oaks, and all through the seven days'
fight before Richmond to Harrison's Landing.
From Harrison's
Landing they sailed for Washington, and arrived in time to assist
Gen. Pope, who was hard pressed by Lee's Army, and from thence
they marched to Antietam, and were engaged in that great battle.
At the battle of Fair Oaks, Col. Cross and Maj. Cook were severely
in the
of 1862.
wounded.
We have a list of the casualties of the Fifth, in their first year's
campaign
Two officers killed and 17 wounded, 60 enlisted men
killed, 240 wounded, and 16 missing, besides 69 who died in hospitals
making a total of 404 men.
Through all the subsequent years of the war, the Fifth took the
front rank.
At Fredericksburg Maj. Sturtevant was killed, and
Col. Cross was killed at the great battle of Gettysburg.
Mustered
out, June 28, 1865.
The Sixth Regiment was organized at Keene, and left for the
The officers were Nelson Converse,
seat of war, Dec. 25, 1861.
Marlborough, Colonel Simon G. Griffin, Concord, Lieut. Colonel
Phin P. Bixby, Concord,
Charles Scott, Peterborough, Major
Adjutant; Alonzo Nute, Farmington, Quartermaster; William A.
Tracy, Nashua, Surgeon; and Robert Stinson, Croydon, Chaplain.
Soon after the arrival of the Sixth at Washington, they were
assigned to Gen. Burnside's Division, and proceeded to Hatteras,
They performed some valuable service in North
Inlet, N. C.
:
—
;
;
;
Carolina, but returned to Virginia in time to participate in the
battles of
Second Bull Run, Chantilla, South Mountain, Antietam,
Fredericksburg, and some other battles.
In some of these engagements they lost very heavily. The Sixth was at the siege of Vicksburg and capture of Jackson, Miss., and all through the battles of
the Wilderness, Spottsylvania Court House, North Anna, Bowling
Green, Cold Harbor, Bethesda Church, and arrived before Petersburg, June 19, 1864.
regiment.
They were
Petersburg, where no
It
was a hard-marching and hard-fighting
mine explosion before
in the unfortunate
commanding
officer
could be, or ever has
been, found willing to take the responsibility of that needless disaster.
They did good
plainly shows.
service for their country, as their record
Mustered
out,
July 17, 1865.
The "Seventh Regiment" was organized
at Manchester, under
�REGIMENTS, OFFICERS,
27
AC.
The
the immediate supervision of Gen. Joseph C. Abbott.
were Halderman
Putnam, Cornish, Colonel
officers
Joseph C. Abbott,
Manchester, Lieut. Colonel; Daniel Smith, Dover, Major; Thomas
A. Henderson, Dover, Adjutant Andrew H. Young, Dover, QuarS.
;
;
W
William
Brown, Manchester, Surgeon and James
C. Emerson, Fisherville, Chaplain,
The Seventh moved from Manchester to New York, Jan. 16, 1862.
Feb. 13 they sailed for Tortugas, then they went to Beaufort, then
to St. Augustine and Fernandina, Florida.
In June, 1863, they
sailed for Hilton Head. Up to this date they had done picket, garrison and fatigue duty the larger portion of the time, and being in
a malarious country, they had lost nearly two hundred men. The
first battle of any importance they were engaged in, was the unsuccessful assault on Fort Wagner, S. C. In this attack, Col. Putnam,
Capt. Brown, Lieuts. Baker, Cate, Bennett, and Brown were killed,
and four more officers died within a few days after the battle. Their
whole loss in killed and wounded was two hundred and twelve
men.
On the 20th of December, they were again ordered to Florida,
and placed under command of Gen. Seymour. February 20 the
whole of Seymour's forces moved towards Lake City. After a
march of fourteen miles they met the enemy in force at Olusta,
and a fierce battle ensued, in which the northern forces were defeated.
In this engagement the Seventh lost 209 men, in killed
wounded and missing. May first they were ordered to Virginia,
and landed at Bermuda Hundred, May 6, 1864. They were engaged in many of the battles before Richmond, mostly on the
north side of James River, and lost many valuable officers and
men. Although in not quite as many battles as some of the NewHampshire regiments, they faced the enemy with as much courage
and fought with as much determination to secure victory as any
regiment in the service. Mustered out July 20, 1865.
The Eighth Regiment went into camp at Manchester and was
mustered into service of the United States, December 23, 1861.
The officers of this Regiment were Hawks Fearing, Jr., Manchester, Colonel
Oliver W. Lull, Milford, Lieut. Colonel MorOrrin M. Head, Exeter, Adjutant
rill B. Smith, Concord, Major
Charles A. Putney, Manchester, Quartermaster Samuel G. Dearborn, Milford, Surgeon (but resigned) and Daniel P. Cilley, Farmtermaster
;
;
;
;
;
;
;
ington, Chaplain.
�NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER.
28
The Eighth
left their
camp
in Manchester, for
dence, in Boston Harbor, Jan. 24, 1862.
all
arrived safe at ship Island, near the
camp
River, and went into
the
command
at the
of General Butler.
Fort Indepen-
March 27 the regiment
mouth of the Mississippi
upper end of the Island, under
New Orleans having fallen into
the hands of the Union forces, they were ordered to
quet,
camp ParaThrough the summer they
the vicinity of that city.
in
were performing guard and garrison duty. In October the Eighth
was part of an expedition, under General Weitzel, up the Mississippi, and were engaged in a battle near Labadieville, in which they
and forty-six wounded.
In the winter of 1862-3 they were performing camp duty in various localities in Louisiana.
The next summer they were under
lost sixteen killed
Gen. Banks at the siege of Port Hudson, and were engaged in both
which proved a failure, not, however, from any lack of
assaults
owing
valor, but
to the
impregnable position of the enemy's works.
In these two assaults the Eighth
and wounded.
in killed
They were
in the
two hundred and sixty
lost
Lieut. Colonel Lull was
Red River
among
expedition, under Gen. Banks,
considered one of the best regiments in the
Army
men
the killed.
of the Gulf.
and
In
Dec, 1863, they were changed into cavalry, and called the Second
New-Hampshire Cavalry, Finally mustered out of service, October 28,
1865.
The Ninth Regiment was recruited at Concord, and
lington
Heights, Virginia, August
Enoch Q.
25,
Fellows, Sandwich, Colonel
;
1862.
The
left for
officers
Arwere
Herbert B. Titus, Chester-
New London, Major
George H. Chandler, Concord, Adjutant; Carlton B. Hutchins,
Lisbon, Quartermaster
William A. Webster, Manchester, Surgeon and Edward M. Gushee, Dover, Chaplain.
The Ninth arrived in the vicinity of Washington about the tim
Gen. Pope was falling back, and Gen. Lee was pressing on with
They joined the Union
his victorious army, towards Maryland.
Lieut. Colonel
field,
;
George
W.
Everett,
;
;
forces under
Lee.
On
Gen. McClellan, for the purpose of checking Gen,
the fourteenth of September, only three weeks after they
New-Hampshire, they were engaged in the battle of South
On the seventeenth and eighteenth of September they
were engaged in the great battle of Antietam, and exhibited uncommon bravery. They were in the battle of Fredericksburg, and
lost heavily.
After the battle of Fredericksburg, under command
left
Mountain.
�REGIMENTS, OFFICERS,
29
&C.
of Gen. Burnside, they went to Kentucky and Tennessee, and won
an enviable reputation in the discharge of provost and garrison
From Kentucky they went down the Mississippi, and landduty.
ed near Vicksburg. They took no immediate part in the siege of
that celebrated city, but performed fatigue duty at Harris' Bluff,
twenty miles up the Yazoo River. Ou the fall of Vicksburg they
joined the column that went into the interior of the State after
Johnston's army, who had hung in the rearof the Union forces at
the siege, and participated in the battle fought near Jackson, the
12th and 13th of July, and at the capture of that city. Soon after they were again transferred to Kentucky, and assigned to provost duty at Paris.
In the spring of
tomac, and were in
through
up
1864, they again joined the
all
Army
of the Po-
House
the battles from Spottsylvania Court
to the front of Petersburg,
and
in all battles before that
mine explosion, and did good service
would take volumes where we can only spare
pages to give a true history of this popular regiment through their
various campaigns. Mustered out June 10, 1865.
The Tenth Regiment went into camp in the summer of 1862.
The officers were Michael T. Donohoe, Manchester, Colonel John
city,
to the celebrated
through the war.
It
;
Coughlin, Manchester, Lieut. Colonel
Major
ter,
;
Jesse F. Angell, Manches-
William H. Cochran, Goffstown, Adjutant Thomas
aud John Ferguson, Manches;
Sullivan, Nashua, Quartermaster
ter,
;
;
Surgeon.
AVe have not so good a history, in detail, of this brave regiment
as we have of some others. They were in the battle of Fredericksburg, and were constantly in active service, and participated in
nearly
all
say, there
the battles around Richmond.
It is not too much to
was no Regiment which left New-Hampshire that stood
any higher in the service than they, and none that New-Hampany prouder of, than the noble Tenth. Mustered out
June 21, 1865.
The Eleventh Regiment was organized at Concord, and left for
shire feels
the front Sept. 11, 1862.
Warner, Colonel
E.
W.
S.
The
Moses N.
officers
Lieutenant Colonel
James F. Briggs, Hillsborough,
Charles R. Morrison, Nashua, Adjutant;
Ross, Somersworth, Surgeon,
ton, Chaplain.
were Walter Harriman,
Collins, Exeter,
Farr, Littleton, Major;
Quartermaster;
than
;
Jona-
and Frank K. Stratton, Hamp-
�NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER.
30
The
first battle,
of any note, the Eleventh participated in, was
They fought with unusual valor, for new
two hundred officers and men. In the spriug of
1863, they were ordered to Kentucky. They staid in various parts
of that State till June 2, when they sailed for Vieksburg, and were
eugaged in that siege till its capitulation, July 4, 1863. They took
a prominent part in the capture of Jackson, the capital of MissisFrom censippi
after which they again returned to Kentucky.
tral Kentucky, they performed a march of two hundred miles, over
that of Fredericksburg.
and
troops,
lost
;
an almost trackless mountain, to Knoxville, Tennessee. They were
engaged in that siege, under Gen. Burnside, and remained there till
Gen. Longstreet was driven out of East Tennessee and joined his
forces with
Gen. Lee in Virginia.
In the spring of 1864, the Eleventh again joined the army of
They were engaged
the Potomac in Virginia, under Gen. Grant.
in all the battles in their
march
Richmond. In the battle of the
and Colonel Harriman
very heavily in all these battles, on
to
wilderness, Lieut. Col. Collins was killed
They lost
march to the front of Petersburg. The Eleventh has seen a
There has been inscribed on their
large amount of hard service.
banner, by order from the War Department, for meritorious conwas taken prisoner.
their
duct in battle, " Fredericksburg, Jackson, East Tennessee, Wilderness, Spottsylvania,
North Anna, Cold Harbor, Weldon Railroad,
Poplar Grove Church, Hatcher's Run, Petersburg.
ment was considered one of the
June 4, 1865.
On
Twelfth Regiment.
:
This Regi-
'
—mustered out
best in the service
the tenth day of August, 1862, the Gover-
nor of New-Hampshire gave permission and issued recruiting papers to raise and officer a Regiment in Belknap and Caroll counties,
it could be done in ten days.
In six days from the date of the recruiting papers, the Adjutant
General of the State was notified that ten full companies had been
raised.
They were encamped at Concord for drill, prior to their
provided
leaving for the seat of war.
The officers were Joseph H. Potter, Concord, Colonel John F.
George D. Savage, Alton,
Marsh, Hudson, Lieutenant Colonel
Major Daniel S. Beede, Meredith, Adjutant; Isaac Winch, MereH. B. Fowler, Bristol, Surgeon Charles W.
dith. Quartermaster
;
;
;
;
;
Hunt, Laconia, Assistant Surgeon, and Thomas L. Ambrose, Ossipee,
Chaplain.
�REGIMENTS, OFFICERS,
September
26, 1862, they left
Concord
31
AC.
for
Washington, and were
placed in the defence around the Capital until the seventeenth of
October, when they made a circuitous route through Maryland,
and arrived near Falmouth, Va., Nov.
They were engaged
23.
in
the bittle of Fredericksburg, Dec. 13, and remained in the vicinity
of that city,
till
May
April 30, 1863.
battle of Chancellorsville
and
lost
they participated in the
3,
very heavily.
shot through the leg and taken prisoner.
Col. Potter
was
Lieutenant Colonel Marsh
and Major Savage were severely wounded. They went into the
fight with twenty-eight commissioned officers, and five hundred and
forty-nine enlisted men.
Three commissioned officers were killed,
and fifteen wounded forty-two enlisted men killed, two hundred
and twelve wounded, fifty-one taken prisoners and three missing
making an aggregate loss of three hundred and eighty, or nearly
two thirds of their Regiment engaged. July 2, 1863, they commenced the battle of Gettysburg losing ninety-two officers and
enlisted men.
July 26, they were ordered to report to General Marston, then
stationed at Point Lookout, to guard prisoners.
They remained
;
April 11, when they
more active and dangerous
Bermuda Hundred, May
Space will not permit us to give any of our Regiments,
6, 1864.
the full credit that belongs to them.
The twelfth were engaged
in many of the battles around Richmond, and at the battle of Cold
Harbor, and lost, in killed and wounded, one hundred and sixty-five
men and officers. They have seen much hard fighting aud have
done honor to themselves and the State.
Mustered out, June
there
till
service before
left for
Richmond and arrived
at
21, 1865.
The Thirteenth Regiment went
into
camp
at
Concord
in the fall
were Aaron F. Stevens, Nashua, Colonel
George Bowers, Nashua, Lieutenant Colonel
Jacob I. Storer,
Portsmouth, Major
George H. Gillis, Nashua, Adjutant
Percy
of 1862.
Its
officers
;
;
;
C. Cheeney, Peterborough, Quartermaster
;
George B. Twitchell,
Keene, Surgeon, and G. C. Jones, Nashua, Chaplain.
The Thirteenth left Concord for the defences around WashingThey remained there until the first day of
ton, October 6, 1862.
December, when they moved
for
Falmouth, Va., opposite Fred-
ericksburg, arriving there three clays prior to the battle of Fredericksburg.
They were in the thickest of the fight and lost forty-
one
men and
officers.
They remained
at
Falmouth
till
February
�NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER.
32
when they moved with the Ninth Array Corps to Newport
The thirteenth of March, they moved to Suffolk, to defend
position.
On the 3d of May, at the battle of Suffolk, they lost
1863,
News.
that
thirty men, killed
and wounded.
A short
time after the battle of
Suffolk they retired to the vicinity of Portsmouth, Va., and re-
mained there until the Spring of 1864, with the exception of two
Companies who were ordered to Fort Tillinghast on Arlington
Heights, and were instructed in Heavy Artillery exercises, through
the winter of 1863-4.
May
7,
<
1864, the Thirteenth
mond, being
in the
commenced
Second Brigade,
first
to
move towards Rich-
Division of the Eighteenth
Army Corps, and participated in many of the battles around Richmond. They were in the battles of Walthall Road, Swift Creek,
Kingsland Creek, Drury's Bluff, Cold Harbor, Battery 5 Petersburg, Fort Harrison, besides several smaller ones. The General
commanding the Army ordered these battles to be placed upon the
national colors of the regiment.
The Thirteenth did good
service,
and were distinguished for their daring bravery. Mustered out,
June 21, 1865.
The Fourteenth Regiment was organized at Concord, in the latter
part of the summer of 1862. The officers were Robert Wilson,
Keene, Colonel Tileston A. Barker, Westmoreland, Lieut. Colonel;
Samuel A. Duncan, Plainfield, Major Alexander Gardiner, Claremont, Adjutant
Willian A. Hurd, Sandwich, Quartermaster
William Henry Thayer, Keene, Surgeon; and Elihu T. Rowe,
;
;
;
Plainfield, Chaplain.
The Fourteenth left Concord for Washington, the latter part of
Through the fall and winter they did picket duty
on the Potomac River. In the latter part of April, 1863, they
were ordered to Washington and remained there till February,
1864, doing provost duty. They furnished guard for the old Capital Prison, Central Guard House, and ten other posts in the city.
October, 1862.
Their duties, in the
city,
were so varied, that our pages
will not
permit us to give a detailed account of them.
February
at
27, 1864, they received orders to take transportation,
New York
permit to
left
or Boston, for the department of the Gulf, with the
visit their
New York
for
homes
in
New-Hampshire
New Orleans, March
before sailing.
They
20th, in the steamer Daniel
Webster, with seven companies, and Major Gardiner, in the steamer
Liberty, with three companies.
The Webster had a long, stormy
voyage, but arrived
all safe.
�REGIMENTS, OFFICERS,
AC.
33
The Fourteenth were again ordered
New
of
Orleans
— Maj. General
6th, they were ordered to the
On
to
the
first
New
week
in July, the
to guard duty in the vicinity
Reynolds commanding. January
mouth of Red River, for camp duty.
regiment sailed down the Mississippi
Orleans, where they again sailed north to join the armies
Six companies went in the Continental, and the next
day the other four companies sailed in the steamer General Lyon.
The regiment was not united again till the nineteenth of August.
The four companies went to Washington, and the six to Bermuda
Hundred, and were in the attack at Deep Bottom. On the 31?t
in Virginia.
of July, they were ordered to Washington; and from thence, they
joined Gen. Sheridan's Army, at Berry ville, on the 18th of August.
The next day Major Gardiner rejoined the regiment with his four
companies. The Fourteenth were in the great battles of the 19th
and 22d of September and the 19th of October, at Cedar Creek.
The 19th of September they lost one hundred and fifty men. Thirteen out of twenty-one officers were killed or wounded,
Gardiner being mortally wounded.
The
duties of the
— Colonel
army
of the
Shenandoah were hard, through the fall of 1864. It was a continual marching up and down the valley, with considerable hard
fighting.
The Fourteenth was not
in as
many
battles as
some other
regiments, but was considered a reliable regiment, and performed
the duties assigned
it,
satisfactorily to its
out of service, July
8,
commanders.
Mustered
1865.
The Fifteenth Regiment was raised under the call of the President
hundred thousand men, for nine months' service, and was
for three
The officers were John
George W. Frost, Newmarket,
Lieut. Colonel
Henry W. Blair, Plymouth, Major; Edward E.
Pinkham, Laconia, Adjutant; Ira A. Moody, Dover, Quartermaster
Jeremiah F. Hall, Wolfeborough, Surgeon and Edwin M.
organized at Concord, in the
W. Kingman, Durham,
fall
Colonel
of 1862.
;
;
;
;
Wheelock, Dover, Chaplain.
13, 1862, the Fifteenth left Concord for New York
went thence across East river and encamped on the grounds
of the Union race-course, Jamaica, Long Island. They remained
there about three weeks, when they left, in three detachments, for
November
City
;
New
Orleans.
The first detachment left, Nov. 30th, and the other
two respectively, December 4th and 13th. In due time they all
arrived at Carrollton, near
December
26th.
New
They remained
Orleans, and were again united,
in that vicinity all winter, per-
�NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER.
34
forming picket and provost duty. May the ninth, they received
orders to embark for Baton Rouge, and sailed on the 21st, with 26
and 546 enlisted men fit for duty. They arrived at SpringLanding, the 23d, and took up their line of march for Port
Hudson. They remained there, through the siege, till it capitu-
officers
field
and were engaged
lated to General Banks, July 9, 1863,
two assaults
made on
having nearly expired,
stores,
in the
The time of enlistment
they turned over all ordnance and camp
the enemy's works.
July 26th, and embarked, on the steamer City of Madison,
111., going thence to Chicago, by rail, and arrived in Con-
for Cairo,
Aug. 8th, and were mustered out of service, Aug. 13, 1863.
The regiment suffered much from sickness, which proved quite
From July 31st to August 13th sixteen men
as fatal as battles.
died, and of seven hundred and forty-one men and officers on the
cord,
roll,
only four hundred and eighty were
ing Port
Hudson
for
count of sickness,
No
home,
many
of
fifty
whom
for duty.
left
After leav-
on the way on
ac-
died.
regiment in the service, for nine months, was ever more shat-
by sickness than the Fifteenth.
tered
fit
men were
It
faithfully performed all duties assigned
was a good regiment and
it.
The Sixteenth Regiment were nine months men, and went into
The officers were James
at Concord, 'in the fall of 1862.
camp
Pike,
Sanbornton, Colonel
;
Henry W.
Fuller, Concord, Lieut.
Warner, Major Luther T. Townsand,
Salem, Adjutant Albert H. Drown, Fisherville, Quartermaster
Thomas Sanborn, Newport, Surgeon and R. M. Manley, NorthColonel
;
Samuel Davis,
Jr.,
;
;
;
;
field
Chaplain.
This regiment was assigned to the department of the Gulf, and
New Orleans to Port Hudson. We
have not an extended record of the service of the Sixteenth in the
leld, but it was considered a good regiment.
Like all of our regiments who went into Louisiana and Mississippi, they suffered severely from sickness, which proved fatal in many instances. In
performed guard duty from
nine months, one hundred and forty-three
They were mustered out of
service
Aug.
men and
officers died.
20, 1863.
The Seventeenth Regiment were enlisted under the
months men, in the fall and winter of 1862-3. The
call for
nine
were
Charles H. Long, Claremont,
officers
Henry O. Kent, Lancaster, Colonel
Colonel
George H. Bellows, Major
George A. Wainwright, Hanover, Adjutant
Edward H. Cummings, Quartermas;
Lieut.
;
;
;
�REGIMENTS, OFFICERS,
35
&C.
James D. Folsom, Surgeon and George S. Barnes, Chaplain.
For some reason, never fully explained to the public, the Seventeenth was never filled up, but the men who enlisted were consolidated with the Second New-Hampshire. The officers were mustered out April 16, 1863, being in the U. S. service over three
ter
;
;
months.*
The Eighteenth Regiment was organized at Concord, in the fall of
The officers were Thofthas L. Livermore, Milford, Colonel
1864.
M. Clough, New London,
Lieut. Colonel
William I. Brown,
Major George F. Hobbs, Wakefield, Adjutant; Moses
Samuel G. Dearborn,
T. Cate, Wolfeborough, Quartermaster
Surgeon and Anthony C. Hardy, Chaplain.
The Rebellion being nearly ended the Eighteenth did not see
much service, but some companies did some hard fighting before
If the war had continued,
Petersburg in the spring of 1865.
doubtless they would have been as good a regiment as there was in
the service. Mustered out June 10, 1865.
The New- Hampshire Battalion First New England Cavalry.
The officers of this battalion were David B. Nelson, Manchester,
Major George T. Crane, Adjutant.
This battalion did good service in the field, and was organized
They were in the battles of
in the fall and winter of 1861-2,
Front Royal, Gettysburg, and many other skirmishes in their scoutJ.
Fisherville,
;
;
;
;
—
;
ing expeditions.
* In the
fall
of 1862
it
was decided by the Governor and Council
to raise
three regiments, viz,, the Fifteenth, Sixteenth and Seventeenth, each regiment
to be raised
from the respective Congressional
districts, the
Seventeenth com-
The records of the Adjutant General's office show
that more than the requisite number of men, in the third district, had, been
raised to fill this regiment
but the other districts failed to respond in full, and
the volunteers for the Seventeenth were, by the Adjutant General, placed in
the Fifteenth and Sixteenth, or enough to fill them up agreeably to the army
regulation.
It having been deemed unadvisable, by Gov. Berry, to execute
the State drafting law, there was no way remaining, in the opinion of the Secretary of War, but to consolidate the Seventeenth with some other regiment,
and the volunteers were ordered home for that purpose.
It is due the officers of the Seventeenth to say that the failure to fill the regiing in the Third district.
;
fill the Fifteenth and Sixteenth, was in no wise
and that they used every exertion that the regiment be
accepted for service, as a detachment, or otherwise. A special order from the
Governor, was issued, complimentary to the officers for the degree of excellence manifested by the regiment in drill and discipline.
ment, after
its
depletion to
littributable to them,
�NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER.
36
The
Regiment New-Hampshire Cavalry was organized at
winter and spring of 1864.
The officers were John L. Thompson, Plymouth, Colonel Benjamin T. Hutchins, Concord, Lieut. Colonel Aaron Wyman, Manchester, Major
George W. Towle, Hooksett, Quartermaster
George W. Pierce, Winchester, Surgeon.
First
Concord
in the
;
;
;
This Cavalry regiment, for the time they were in the
much hard
They were
field,
did
Reams' Station, Winchester,
Kerueysville, Waynesboro, Kelley's Ford, Lacy Springs, and in
many skirmishes, where they lost many men in killed, wounded and
service.
taken prisoners.
from
this
at
In Andersonville Prison, Ga., twenty-eight
men
regiment died, and seven are reported as dying from
starvation.
The
larger portion of the regiment were mustered out
of service July 15, 1865.
New-Hamsphire Battery was organized at ManchesThe officers were George A. Gerrish, Captain
Edward H. Hobbs, First Lieutenant and John Wadleigh, Second
The
ter, in
First
August, 1861.
;
Lieutenant.
The
First Battery
left
Manchester, for Washington, October
They went into the Camp of Instruction and remained
one week, when they were assigned to the Army of the Potomac.
They participated in nearly all of the principal battles in Virginia.
They were in the second battle of Bull Run, Antietam, Fredericks31st, 1861.
burg,
Chancellorsville,
Gettysburg,
Wilderness,
Spottsylvania,
North Anna River, Cold Harbor, and nearly all of the battles
around Richmond. Part were mustered out of service Sept. 25,
1864, and part were transferred to the New-Hampshire Heavy Artillery.
The " First Regiment New-Hampshire Heavy Artillery" was organby companies, at different dates, from July 22, 1863, to October
21, 1864, when it was formed into a Regiment of twelve companies.
The officers were Charles H. Long, Claremont, Colonel
Ira Mc'L. Barton, Newport, Lieutenant Colonel George A. Wainwright, Hanover, Major; Ezekiel Morrill, Concord, Surgeon and
C. W. Walker, Stratford, Chaplain.
ized
;
This regiment performed guard and garrison duty at the Forts
Portsmouth Harbor and around the defences at Washington in
It was a fine regiment, nearly all of its members
having seen active service in the field. But the war happily closed
in
detachments.
and they had no chance to exhibit their veteran valor.
mustered out of service, June 15, 1865.
They were
�37
REGIMENTS, OFFICERS, AC.
" U. 8. SHARP SHOOTERS."
New-Hampshire furnished three companies for this service Cos.
« E" « F» & " G". The history of the Sharp Shooters has received
;
less
than
its
share of public notice, for the reason they were not
connected with any State military organization, but were raised as
United States Sharp Shooters, and were represented by nearly every
State in the Union.
The officers of Co. "B" First U. S. regiment were Amos B.
William P. Austin, Claremont, First
Lieutenant, and William H. Gibbs, Hanover, Second Lieutenant.
The officers from this State, of the Second regiment, were Edward
T. Rowell, Concord, Major Geofge A. Marden, Mount Vernon,
Jones, Washington, Captain
;
;
Quartermaster, and William B. Kaynolds, Surgeon.^ The officers
of Co. " F ", Henry M. Caldwell, Captain James H. Hildreth,
;
First Lieutenant
;
Edward
T. Rowell, Second Lieutenant. Co.
"G",
William D. Mc'Pherson, Captain John A. Moore, First Lieutenant and Edward Dow, Second Lieutenant.
Co. "E" was mustered into the service of the United States,
Their principal duties were on skirmish line and
Sept. 9, 1861.
heavy picket duty. Companies " F " and " G" were respectively
;
;
mustered Nov. 28 and Dec. 10, 1861. These companies were in
over thirty battles, and generally in dangerous positions. Mechanicsville,
Gains' Mills, Malvern Hill, Second Bull Run, Fredericks-
burg, Chancellorsville, Gettysburg, Wilderness, Spottsylvania, Cold
Harbor, Weldon Railroad and Deep Bottom were some of the
principal battles they were in.
The " National Guards" were mustered into the
U. S. service for
guard duty at Fort Constitution. This company
was mustered in May 9, 1864. The officers were James O. ChandJames R. Carr, Manchester, First Lieuler, Manchester, Captain
tenant, James G. Burns, Second Lieutenant.
The " Martin Guards" were mustered into the service of the United States for ninety days, July 25, 1864, for garrison duty at Fort
Constitution.
The officers were George E. Houghton, Manchester,
Captain
James L. Bailey, Manchester, First Lieutenant, John E.
sixty days, for
;
;
Johnson, Manchester, Second Lieutenant.
Lafayette Artillery were mustered into U. S. service for ninety
August 1, 1864, for garrison duty at Fort Constitution. The
were John H. Tarbell, Lyndeborough, Captain Eli C. Curtis, Lyndeborough, First Lieutenant, Charles H. Holt, Lyndeborough Second Lieutenant.
days,
officers
;
�NeV-HAMPSHIRE gazetteer.
38
—
Unattached company of New-Hampshire Volunteers stationed
and mustered into service, May 15, 1862. The
James B. Gove, Concord,
officers were James Davidson, Captain
First Lieutenant, and Asa T. Hutchinson, Manchester, Second
at Fort Constitution
;
Lieutenant.
"second brigade band."
This
Band was
organized at Concord, and mustered into service
Feburary 10, 1863.
The names of the members were Gustavus W. Ingalls, Concord,
Band Master Musicians, Albert Aspenwall, Lebanon James
Allison, Concord
Samuel F. Brown, Fisherville
Freman D.
Batchelder, Concord
George W. Boody, Strafford
Lorenzo M.
Currier, Fisherville; Cyrus C. Currier, Concord
John O.Davis,
New Market Albert G. Furber, New Market Nathan W. Gove,
Concord Frederick Hoffman, Concord Andrew L. Lane, Concord"; Jonathan C. Lane, Concord; George C. Perkins, Lebanon
Phinehas Parkhurst, Templeton Ms.; Francis H. Pike, Manchester
Warren S. Russell, Amherst Henry Stark, Goffstown David F.
Thompson, Amherst Charles N. Tottingham, Keene, and Samuel
:
;
;
;
;
;
;
;
;
;
;
;
;
;
;
;
D.
Trusseli, Concord.
They were
stationed at Hilton
Head,
S. C.
and sustained a high
commanding officers. We herewith append
extract from W. T. M. Burger, Assistant Adjutant General
Department. " I can assure you, that you and every mem-
reputation with their
a short
in that
ber of your Band, stands in the highest estimation of every one in
this
Department from Major General Gilmore down.
deeply regretted and by none more than myself.
to see such another as Ingall's Post
mustered
out,
July
4,
Band
Your
loss is
We never expect
here again."
They were
1865.
The larger portion of information in relation to enlistments and
movements of the various military organizations in the State, which
served in the late rebellion, we obtained in the Adjutant's General's
Office.
Too much praise cannot be accorded- to General Natt Head,
seconded by Governor Frederick Smyth, for efforts to secure
an accurate record of
in
the war.
To a
all
the regiments in the State, which served
great extent, they accomplished what they
undertook.
In the commencement of the rebellion,
officers
who had charge
of organizing the regiments in various sections of the State, apparently did not comprehend the magnitude of the war, or the fu-
�REGIMENTS, OFFICERS,
39
AC.
ture necessity of keeping a careful record of the names of all the
soldiers, and, especially, the
names of
their places of residence, at
the time of enlistment, and apparently forgetting that there might
Up
be more than one John Brown in the State.
to 1862, tne
was very imperfect.
General Head, upon assuming the office as Adjutant General of
New-Hampshire, in March, 1864, immediately set himself to work
recor.l, as to place of residence,
to remedy, as far as could be, this imperfect record,
of vast importance to
hence.
many
General Head's version of the
sumed its
had been
duties, will give a
kept.
He
says
:
which may be
widows, twenty-five or even
"
office,
fifty
years
at the time he as-
more correct idea how the records
No
record whatever existed of thou-
sands of New-Hampshire's bravest sons who had entered the service
of the United States, in their country's hour of peril, determined to
sustain the national government, to defend our flag, to defend the
and justice, and to perpetuate those free inwhich are dear to the heart of every true American.
Hundreds of New-Hampshire's noble men, of whose names, even,
there was no record within our State, had yielded up their lives
upon the field of battle. Hundreds again had been honorably disprinciples of liberty
stitutions
charged from the service, and returned to their homes with bodies
maimed and
constitutions shattered,
and yet the State possessed no
record by which justice aud honor could be rendered these brave
men.
The
military records of our soldiers
to-day, as complete as in the
who served our
War Department at
country, are
Washington, and
Gen. Head has been complimented from that Department, that
New-Hampshire had the
eral's office of
best record of enlisted
men, of any State
This nearly perfect record, in the Adjutant Gen-
in the Union.
our State, has been accomplished through the untir-
ing energy of Gen. Head, and
when our
soldiers fully
understand
the necessity of an accurate record of their enlistment, and of their
services in the field, they will render to
he
is
him the
full credit to
which
rightfully entitled.
The
busy quiet to be seen in our
fields,
our work shops and our
mercantile streets, would hardly lead any one to believe that our
country, from centre to circumference, less than nine years ago, re-
sounded with the clash of arms, and
many
of New-Hampshire's
sons were engaged in deadly conflict, to sustain the free institutions
which to-day w e are so peacefully enjoying.
in this case, seems a fiction.
T
But
truth, apparently,
�NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER.
40
TABULAR STATEMENT,
Showing
the
number of
Soldiers
which each town furnished on the
call of July,
number of Soldiers who were killed in, or died
from the effects of the late Rebellion; number of Enrolled Militia in the State
in 1872 and amount of the Municipal War Loan awarded to each town.
and subsequent
1862,
calls; the
BELKNAP COUNTY.
ROCKINGHAM COUNTY.
'3
B
Atkinson
14]
Auburn
Brentwood
12
*
Candia
Chester
20
10
Danville
Deerfield
,
48
,
30
12
Derry
East Kingston.,
Epping
Exeter
Freemont
Gosport
Greenland
20
187
312
92
17
49
142
171
86
Hampstead
Hamilton
Hampton
1
80
94
111
207
144
82
231
234
73
Falls.,
KeusingtoD
83
Kingston,
Londonderry
150
126
New
107
Castle
Newington
Market
62
358
140
110
164
189
New
Newton
North Hampton
Northwood
Nottingham
91
Plaistow
Portsmouth
590
163
168
253
69
251
Raymond
Rye
Salem
Sandown
Seabrook
South Hampton
48
Newmarket.
129
71
So.
Stratham
Windham
70
Total,
3,996
STRAFFORD COUNTY.
Barrington
Dover
Durham
Farmington....
Lee
Madbury
Middleton
Milton
New Durham.
Rochester
Rolliusford
Somersworth.
Strafford
143
f$3,4 66.67
6,275.00
6,875.00
11,450.00
6,033.33
3,383.33
15.233.33
9,625 00
5,266.67
11,200.00
20,575.00
4,925 00
,900.011
5,175.00
7,014.67
8,875.00
4,450.00
6,606.67
6.600.00
8,736.11
5,533.33
2,450.00
12,583.33
6,733.33
6,400.00
11,341.67
9,306.67
4,100.00
68,983.33
10,300.00
6,233.33
10,816.67
3,458.33
11,991.67
2.933.33
6,705.55
5,575.00
5,458.33
�STATISTICAL TABLES.
41
TABULAR STATEMENT,
Showing
number of
and subsequent
1862,
from
the
the
in 1872,-
Soldiers
which each town furnished on
MERRIMACK COUNTY CONTINUED.
Northfield....
Pembroke....
Pittsfield
Salisbury
Sutton
Warner
,
Webster
Wilmot.
,
Total,
3,505
5,170
HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY.
Amherst
Antrim
Bedford
Bennington..
Brookline
D'-ering
Francestown.
Goffstown
Greenfield
Hancock
Hillsborough
Hollis
Hudson
Litchfield
Lyndrborough....
Manchester
Masou
Merrimack
Milford
Mount Vernon....
Nashua
New
New
Boston
Ipswich
Pelham
Peterborough
Sharon
Temple
Weare
Wilton
Windsor
Total,
the call of July,
number of Soldiers who were killed in, or died
effects of the late Rebellion ; number of Enrolled Militia in the State
and amount of the Municipal War Loan awarded to each town.
calls; the
103
�42
NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER.
TABULAR STATEMENT,
Showing
1862,
from
the
and
number
of Soldiers which each town furnished on the call of July,
subsequent calls; the number of Soldiers who were killed in, or died
number of Enrolled Militia in the State
Municipal War Loan awarded to each town.
the effects of the late Rebellion ;
in 1872;
and amount of
the
GRAFTON COUNTY CONTINUED.
<5
Lincoln
Lisbon
Littleton....
Lyman
Lyme
Monroe
Orange
Orford
Piermont
Plymouth...
Bumuey
Thornton
...,
Warren
Waterville
..
Wentworth.
Woodstock
.,
�STATISTICAL TABLES.
Commissioned
Officers of
43
New-Hampshire Volunteers; accounted for in
aggregate.
�NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER.
44
ni paiQ
•pauJtuaj ao pdjtqd'eo pan pajjasaa
H
CO
trH
CO
* C- CM rH
COIOOMf
CO
.
mosud
ffi
H3
*- CD ~h •** "O CM -# t- r- lr~
)-* CM CM CO CO CM CO CO i-h rH
.
•joj
paiunooon ©q o; jaqnina Qioq^
•)*
r-
CSS
CO
O CO
l-OCNOOl
CM CM rH CM CM
C
O
CD CO
**
iO CM
r-t
I
<
.l^t-t-QOHtO'TCr.M
JC^CD^CNCOXCOCMCSS'rfrHeOTHK
.
•Qppms paptunaoQ
-aj
•peajn;
siaaaiiSaj jeq^o taojj ejaijaeatf
•jjosap o;
Sapdraawn
CO
COi-1
ai :*oqg
00
O 0C
ess-
CM CO
CO OS OS
r-< i-H
CM
^aappo-e £q paiHH rHiOCOr-COOCOCOCO^rHCOCMrH
joj pa!junoooB youis 30a
pan
'ino
pajajsnm bba ;aetai3aj aaqw ;aasqy
«,
•joj
ts
pajanoopB .{[inpHJo ^o^j
-d
»OCMT*Ir-C1COOCMiOCMCO
HNNClCliO
-f 01
00
x
»
oonnw
r- -f rt
CM
•#
CMCM
CO
i-H
n
COrHOO"*
CO
•uoijob u] SatssiK
•paSa^qosip i[q«jonoqsi(i
•jaetniSsj jo jno
«NiO«tD(OHHDlil<Mrt^H
OHOrt
pajomoJd
NrtHOl^
artUCciHOHxi^CHi'NQcO'+jjeOHr
h
psuoissitntuoo-noa jo Bjaoqjo px»
-uoissiuimoo 0} juamiSaj ui pBjouioJ,]
•p9^J9B9Q
£)!liqi3stp joj
•sasniBO jaq^o pan
peSjnqosip £[qnjoaon
•nua^ jo noii'BJidxa ye yao paje^snn
co <m
i-i c-i
r->
H
Tj X X h N ;i -t
O ^ + ® t- ^ H © -f H "f Jl O >C N ?1 N rH O H ^1 tl
O CI
rH
rHrH
CM CO CM CO CM CM
^- K5 CI
•spanaiaioo aaqjo o| pojjajsa-BJX
^ tD 01 C r. H
oo
^O'Nr^-^'MOOr-iOr-it-OOiO
10 OiiooonocarHrHCO'^
T.
1-"
i-H tj4 t-H
CCi
OHOCD^Ctii-i-ciqh -# 00 O GO -#
CM C
CM
h »t
10
--
:i
^CMdin-^CMCMCMr
'
"
OH^N3CSO»C«OOl
—
c
-f
i- -~
ro *m
.
u- i—
i
-+
:
cr.
r.
c
rH CO !> -f <M iO
CM CM <
*
<
:t-^iOOC-fH
oc
rt r. r- c: "O
rr.
~
!
Cl 1Q co
W H O -f ^ c H :! w * l- ^ x h< a r- H cm iO Tf CC t- *
"! « « c » - H* 'C ^ C. C
rH
cm
<f-HrHrHi-H CM CMCMrHrHrH
CC'
©snaeip jo paid
^
-t-
r-t
r-i
CMiCrHfM^CSSOt-CO^COiO^r•spunoAi jo paip jo painx
CM rH CD
CO'.O'fHiMOXHiOHiOQOOOJ
;
.
s
s
^ 2 3 s
^ = , = - ^ s
-
.
j
t*-
h»
£ £I
;
£
ffi
JC0T?O©r*000SOrH0-lC0'*u0CDr-.cOi~;
at
-2
*
-5
j-
3
3sa 1*! .* 3
,— ,—
,
,
,—,
r-
^
r- i— r-
i-i
rH i—
I
®oq
^ r-/-:
r-H
�TOPOGRAPHICAL PREFACE.
45
TOPOGRAPHICAL PREFACE.
In
this portion of
our work, we have intended to give as minute
and accurate descriptions of
the towns and cities in the State
all
of New-Hampshire, as our limited space would permit.
in a manufacturing
New
country like ours,
Business,
constantly changing.
is
firms are being established, buildings are being burned down,
and new ones
erected, continually
—consequently there may be some
errors that cannot be avoided.
Perhaps the readers
to
them
:
but
importance
fifty
may
or one
find passages that will be of
hundred years hence,
it
Many
to those living at that date.
may
no interest
be of vast
portions of Dr.
Belknap's History of New-Hampshire, are far more valuable to the
inhabitants of to-day, than to the people
his writing.
A country
like ours, in its
who
day of
lived in the
embryo
state,
is
making
history for the future, every day.
But
in the main,
it is
written for the general benefit of the peo-
ple living in the State in this generation, to develop the resources
of the various sections of the State, ignorance of which, has had a
tendency to deplete our population and injure the State.
chusetts
while New-Hampshire, with a
has
less
We
Massa-
counts her various histories by the hundred volumes,
life
as long, within three years,
than ten.
have personally
visited all the cities
State and learned their present standing
the smaller ones,
we have
and large towns
and
in the
business, while, as to
co-operated with some of the officers of
the town, to give us the general information required.
The Town
Clerks in eight or ten small towns have refused or neglected to
answer our inquiries, after being written to two or three times.
these few cases
we have had
In
the manuscript of the cejjsus of 1870,
�NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER.
46
at our
command, and have obtained the necessary information
at
that date.
There has never been a time when New-Hampshire was making
more rapid progress
in every
department of business, than
been making for the three years past, and our only fear
the
march of improvement
is
it
is,
has
that
more rapid than our most assiduous
industry can keep pace with, but
we
shall attempt to rely
on the
candor and intelligence of a generous public.
We
have endeavored
tourists stopping
give the estimated number of
to
summer
from one week to three months in the different
towns in the State, and the value of receipts obtained from this
source,
son,
which
and
nearly
if
it is
thought will average thirty dollars to each per-
anything,
all the
it is
more than that amount.
clergymen up
to .1800,
The names of
have been given from the
settlement; and also the pastors of churches in 1872-3.
fessional business, trade
and transportation, are the
The
first
pro-
class of people
employed as clergymen, teachers, lawyers, physicians, merchants,
clerks, railroad employees, day-laborers, telegraph operators, book-
keepers, &c.
The number of
or about eight
State.
this class, in 1870,
and one-half per
We have given
all
was over 27,000,
cent, of the population of the
the valuable information relative to the
kinds of employment and resources of each town in the State*
which
will
be of any benefit for future reference.
The value of
1870.
time
;
agricultural products,
The manufactories
is
taken from the Census of
are generally taken from the present
the schools, savings banks deposits and
money
are from statements given in 1872, under the law.
at interest,
�ACWORTH.
47
DESCRIPTION OF TOWNS.
CHAPTER
Topographical history of
all
III.
the cities and towns in the State, giving a brief
statement of the surface, the quality of the
rivers
and streams;
its
summer
soil, its
mountains, lakes, ponds,
resorts, villages,
and manufactories;
re-
sources, churches, public schools, libraries, hotels, railroads, &c.
ACWORTH.
hoops, 5,000 bushels of shoe pegs,
Sullivan Co. The soil of this
town is strong and well cultivated
4,000
producing good crops of corn,
wheat, oats and hay.
Rivers and Ponds. Cold River,
which takes its rise from Cold Pond
in the north-east part of the town,
is the only stream of any note.
It
affords some good water power
which is generally improved.
and
mop
boxes of clothes pins, 15,000
handles, 56,000 hoe handles
annumanufactured. Custom shoe
work, blacksmithing &c, are car175 dozens of rakes are
ally
ried on.
There are
five stores in
town.
Resources.
Annual production
of the soil $ 90,200; mechanical
labor, $ 23,200 deposits in savings
;
somewhat celebrated on account
banks, $43,817; money on hand
or at interest, $45,807; stock in
of the large Beryls that have been
trade,
Crystals of Beryls.
found there.
One
Acworth
is
of the Beryls
was
eight inches in diameter
and was sold in the city of New
York for $ 15,000. It was placed
Cabinet at Vienna.
Employments. Agriculture is the
in the Imperial
employment of the peoAcworth is noted for the
large amount of maple sugar made
$ 8,000.
.
Churches and Schools. There are
three churches in town, viz. Congregational, N. B. Nichols, pastor Baptist, J. L. Wilson, pastor
Methodist, John L. Smith, pastor.
There are thirteen school districts
;
Average
principal
and
ple.
length of schools for the
fourteen weeks.
there.
Some
years as
many
as 80,
fifteen
First
schools.
Settlers.
year,
The town was
000 pounds have been produced.
granted to Col. Samuel Stoddard
There
and sixty-four others, September
William Keyes, Samuel
19, 1766.
Harper, and John Rogers removed
is considerable manufacturing done.
Thirty one thousand
worth of shoes are annually
manufactured, employing thirtyfive males and females.
Over
700,000 feet of lumber, 200,000
dollars
to this place in 1768.
Rev. Thomas
ordained 1789; dis-
First Ministers.
Archebald,
�NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER.
48
missed, 1794.
Rev. John Kimball, ordained in 1797, dismissed in
meted out to them by a peculiar
disease which has afflicted their
1813.
neat stock for
North by Unity,
Boundaries.
east by Lempster, south by Marlow, and west by Langdon and
Charlestown.
Distances. Thirteen miles south
science
from Newport and forty-four west
from Concord.
against him.
Thirteen miles to
Newport depot, on the Sugar River
railroad. Stage three times a week
to Charlestown station, 7 miles, on
principal
Railroads.
the Sullivan railroad.
ALBANY.
Carroll Co.
This town is
mountainous, but in the valleys
the soil
There are some
interval lands on the
is fertile.
very fertile
borders of Swift river.
Rivers.
Swift river, passes
through this town from west to
east and connects with the Saco
at
Conway.
There
are
several
small streams which come down
through the mountain gulches, and
furnish convenient water privileges. These brooks were formerly
well stored with trout, as the writer of this can fully verify.
Mountains.
There are several
high hills and mountains. Chocorua, is the highest mountain in
town, and received its name from
an Indian who was killed by a
party of hunters in time of
peace and before that section was
settled.
There is a legend that
before he was killed, and after
they had chased him to the highest
eminence on the mountain, he
pronounced a curse upon the white
men who should ever settle in that
vicinity. Many people in that section, have the superstitious notion
that Chocorua's curse has been
many
makes
years.
its full
When
investigation
as to the cause of this malady,
it
doubtless will find that the poor
and
Indian
his
posterity
stand
guiltless of the charges preferred
Employments. Agriculture
ple.
is
the
employment of the peo-
300,000 shingles, 200,000 feet
of boards
&c, and
70,000
clap-
boards are annually sawed. 2,800
pounds of maple sugar are annually manufactured.
Resources.
Productions of the
soil $23,131;
mechanical labor,
$ 2,500 deposits in savings banks,
$911.
Churches and Scliools. Freewill
Baptist church, Rev. T. Brown
;
'
There are six schools in
town; average length of schools
for the year, twelve weeks.
pastor.
This town
Clement March,
Joseph Senter and others Nov. 6,
1766, and was called Burton till
First Settlements.
was granted
to
1833.
North by Bartlett,
by Conway south by Tamworth and Madison, and west by
Waterville.
Area of improved
Boundaries.
east
land, 2,986 acres.
Distances.
Seventy-five miles
north from Concord, and twenty
north from Ossipee.
Portsmouth, Great
Railroads.
Falls
and Conway railroad passes
through
station
town, but the nearest
this
is
at
Conway, four miles.
ALEXANDRIA.
GraftonCo. Much of the soil in
town is good and when proper-
this
produces good crops.
There are about 2000 acres of valualy cultivated
�ALLENSTOWN.
hie interval land, which bears
every appearance of having been
once covered by New-found Lake.
At the depth of twenty feet can be
found stumps, trees, and traces of
beaver dams.
Lake and Rivers. A portion of
New-found Lake is within the limits of this town.
Smith's and Fowler's
Rivers are the principal
streams.
The improved horse
water power
Mountains.
is
into
Its
summit
is
Tables.)
$98,517;
Productions of the
mechanical labor,
$7,400; money at interest, $70,35;
deposits in savings bank, $8,000;
stock in trade, $2,850.
Churches and Schools.
Union
Distances.
Thirty-four
north-west from
south-east
mail
By
the express and
ALXEIVSTOWIV.
Merrimack Co.
A
portion of
town is light, though
there are some very fine farms.
The town was formerly covered
with a growth of fine timber, and
great quantities of lumber were,
the soil of this
down
annually taken
the river.
Suncook River is the
dividing line between Allenstown
and Pembroke, and affords some
excellent water power, which is
being improved by cotton mills,
&c. Bear Brook furnishes some
good mill sites. There are several
Rivers.
other small streams well stored
seventy
Enoch
and
four miles, on Bristol Branch Railroad.
end of
Rev.
forty
Haverhill,
train, daily to Bristol station,
thirteen weeks.
Minister.
miles
Plymouth.
length of schools during the year,
First
New
about fourteen south- westeidy from
with trout.
Mountains.
fifty
Concord,
from
members, Rev. Cha's
E. Rogers, Pastor.
There are
fifteen schools in town; average
Church,
to
Boundaries. North by Orange*
and Hebron, east by Bristol, south
by Hill, and west by Danbury. Improved land 14,382 acres.
divided
two granite peaks, which can
Rcsoicrces.
of a large tract
Chester, now Hill.
Railroads.
be seen for miles distant.
Employments. The people are
engaged, generally, in farming.
2, 100,000 feet of lumber is annually
sawed. 8,500 pounds of maple sugar annually manufactured. (See
soil,
ation
229.
Cardigan Mountain
is the highest elevation, and forms
the boundary between Alexandria
and Orange. Its base is rugged
and covered with a heavy growth
of timber.
49
Catamount Hill is
At the east
the highest elevation.
this hill is a precipice of
feet,
at the foot of
nearly perpendicular,
which is a cavern of
Whipple, (Congregational) settled
some
in 1788; dismissed in 1794.
The inhabitants
of this town are largely engaged
First Organization.
Alexandria
was granted to Joseph Butterfield
and others, March 13, 1757. Jonathan, John M. and Win. Corliss,
were the first settlers, in December
1769.
its
Incorporated,
November 23,
In 1821, its territorial limwere diminished by the annex-
1782.
extent.
Employments.
in manufacturing
and trade.
One
of the largest cotton mills ever
under one roof, in this State,
town. Over 11,000,000
yards of print cloth are annually
manufactured, valued at $830,000.
30,000 pairs of sale boots and shoes
built
is
in this
�NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER.
50
made, besides other mechanical
The
shops.
total value of
goods
annually manufactured is $881,300.
(See tables of manufactories.)
The
mills are situated in the village of Suncook, for a description
of which, see Pembroke.
Agricultural
Resources.
pro-
ducts, §42,334; mechanical labor,
$
500;
money
$ 18,
deposits in Savings Banks,
192,400
;
at interest,
stock in trade, $22,800;
$55,955;
from summer tourists, $6,000.
The
and Schools.
Churches
church edifices, in which the people of Allentown worship, are situated on the opposite side of Suncook River, in Pembroke. There
are four schools in town average
;
length
of
schools
for the
year,
twenty-seven Aveeks.
Bank. "China Savings Bank,"
at
Suncook Village. (See tables.)
"Suncook Hotel."
Hotel.
John Wolcott,
First Settlers.
Andrew
Smith, Daniel Evans,
Robert Buntin, and others, were
the first settlers. In 1748, on the
west bank of Merrimack River,
nearly opposite the mouth of the
Suncook, Mr. Buntin, his son, and
James
Carr, while busily at work,
were surprised by a party of Indians.
At the first alarm, Carr
made an attempt to escape, and
was immediately shot down. Bunin and his son made no resistance
and were not harmed, but taken
through the wilderness to Canada,
and sold to a French merchant at
Montreal. They remained in captivity about eleven months, when
they made their escape, and fortunately reached home in safety.
Andrew, the son, died, in defence
of his country, at White Plains,
October
years.
aged thirty-eight
Although the first settle-
28,
1776,
ment commenced in this town prior to 1748, it was not incorporated
until July 2, 1831.
North by Epsom,
Hooksett, and west by Pembroke. Area
of improved land, 3,192 acres.
Distances.
Eleven miles from
Boundaries.
east by Deerfield, south by
Concord, south-east.
Bailroads. Suncook Valley, and
a branch of Concord Railroad pass
through this town.
ALSTJEAD.
Cheshire Co. The soil of this
town is strong and productive, and
as a general thing, the farms are
well cultivated, and
yield
good
crops.
Rivers and Ponds.
Cold River
passes through the north-west part,
and some of the branches of Ashuelot have their sources in this
town. The water power is well
improved. There are also a number of ponds. Warren's Pond, 250
rods long, and 150 wide, is the
principal one.
Employments. The inhabitants
are largely engaged in agriculture
—8,388 bushels corn, 8,500 bushels
oats and barley, 41,300 lbs. butter,
38,120 lbs.
maple sugar, and .4,697
town in
tons hay, being the third
the county in
and the
first
its
in
production of hay,
maple sugar.
The
manufactories
are
important.
Leather board and straw wrapping
paper is manufactured to the value
of $ 16,600 annually. Scythe nibs
and pail handles valued at $ 13,000
carriages, $12,500
;
400,000 shingles
and laths, and 750,000 feet of boards
and dimension timber, valued at
$ 11,100, besides edge tools, plows,
chair stock, rakes, tin ware, blacksmiths, coopering, carpenters, harnesses,
&c.
The
total value of
�ALSTEAD.
goods, of
kinds, annually
nil
ufactured,
is
man-
$84,000.
There are three
the post office
villages,
under
names of Alstead,
Centre Alstead and New Alstead.
At New Alstead there are two
churches, school-house, rake shop,
Scythe nib and pail handle manufactory at the Centre, one church,
at Altown-house, school-house
stead, two churches, one large
;
;
51
respected for his upright and just
dealings with all men, and through
this course he acquired a handsome
which enabled him to pass
and quiet.
One great drawback to the progress of the first settlers was the
multitude of wild beasts which
fortune,
his last days in ease
infested
this
section,
especially
bears and wolves, which were so
$25,800; stocks and money at interest $61,988- deposits in savings
numerous as to devour their swine
and sheep, and sometimes assail
The wife of
the larger cattle.
John Beckwith took her son Richard Beckwith, then an infant, and
went to the woods to gather berShe placed her child on the
ries.
ground, and wandered through
the bushes. On her return toward
banks $57,276;
$ 19,387.
the object of her affection, judge
of her feelings as she saw a huge
graded school-house, six or eight
stores, one hotel, also manufacture
edge tools, paper, lumber, chairstock, flour, meal, &c.
Resources. Productions of the
mechanical labor,
soil, § 123,000
.
;
stock
in
trade,
Churches and Schools. CongreUniversalno pastor
pastor.
ist, Rev. W. J. Crosby,
Center, Congregational, no pastor.
New Alstead, Rev. Charles Packard, pastor Methodist, no pastor.
There are fourteen schools in
town, two of which are graded.
Average length of schools for the
year, seventeen weeks.
Humphrey House.
Hotel.
First Settlement. This town was
gational,
;
;
called Newtown, and
was granted to Samuel Chase and
others, August 6, 1763. In 1771,
there were twenty-five families,
originally
besides ten bachelors. This lonely
class cultivated their lands, and
attended to their own household
affairs, cooking their meals, &c.
General
Amos Shepard was one
of the most prominent citizens of
this
town from
1777 to the time of
He was
a
member of the General Court of
New-Hampshire, and president of
the Senate seven years. He was
his decease in
1812.
hear smelling and passing around
her sleeping babe, while she could
do nothing but silently wait the
result; but again judge of her unspeakable joy, when she saw this
voracious monster of the forest,
retire and leave her unconscious
boy unharmed.
Rev. Jacob
First Ministers.
Mason (Cong.), ordained in 1782,
dismissed in 1789; Rev. Samuel
Mead, ordained in 1791; dismissed
in, 1797; Rev. Levi Lankton, ordained in 1799, dismissed in 1828.
Boundaries. North by Acworth,
east by Marlow, south by Gilsum,
and west by Walpole. Area of
improved land, 17,714 acres.
Distances. Twelve miles southeast from Charlestown, fourteen
north from Keene, and fifty-six
west from Concord.
By daily stage five
Railroad.
miles to Bellows Falls, Vermont.
ALTON,
Belknap Co.
The
surface of
�NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER.
52
hard, and
people, although the manufactures
some portions rocky, but when
are important. Over 125,000 pairs
of sale boots and shoes are annu-
Alton
in
is
uneven, the
soil
properly cultivated produces excellent crops of corn, wheat, oats and
hay. It ranks as the fourth town
in the county in the value of its
agricultural productions.
Bays, Ponds and Rivers. Merry
Meeting Bay, connected with, or a
part of, Lake Winnipiseogee, extends south, from the lake, over six
miles, where it receives the waters
There
of Merry-Meeting River.
are several ponds, the largest of
manufactured;
ally
boards,
clap-
10,000
500,000
shingles,
475,000
&c, sawed;
feet of boards,
400,-
000 bobbins, 37,000 gross of spools
turned; besides shoe boxes, and
made, and various other
kinds of mechanical works carried
on. The village of Alton is very
pleasantly located, and is the seat
staves
of considerable trade.
Resources.
which is Half-Moon Pond, between
this town and Barnstead.
It is
nearly one mile in length, and half
200;
a mile in width.
$80,072;
$173,600;
soil,
$54,700;
Productions of the
mechanical labor,
money
$10-
at interest,
deposits in
savings
banks,
stock in trade, $20,225,
The principal elevaare Mount Major and ProsHill.
The views obtained
from summer tourists, $20,000.
Freewill
Churches and Schools.
from Prospect Hill are varied and
beautiful.
In a clear day the
ocean can be distinctly seen from
its summit.
Congregational, no pastor.
At
Freewill
Baptist
East Alton,
Church, Rev. Mr. Davis, pastor.
There are twenty schools in town,
two of which are graded average
Elevations.
tions
pect
Summer
Resort.
The
fine scen-
and the varied recreations
which are found in Alton, have
ery
rendered
it
a popular resort for
At Alton Bay is the terminus of the Dover and Winnipiseogee Raih-oad
and in warm
tourists.
;
s. amboats are waiting
on the arrival of each train from
Boston, to convey travelers to any
point on the lake. There is a fine
hotel at the Bay which is filled
with tourists through the summer.
Many permanently stop here, and
for recreation and health, frequently take a steamboat ride, visiting
the different points on the lake,
and returning at night. The number who stay here for a few weeks
or months, through the season, is
Baptist, Rev. II. Ricker, Pastor;
;
length of schools for the year, thir-
teen weeks.
Banks.
Alton Five Cents Sav-
Bank (See
ings
Tables.)
Cochecho House;
Alton Bay, Bay View House.
Hotels.
weather,
estimated at over 400.
Employments.
the principal
Agriculture
is
employment of the
First Settlers.
nally called
The
first
at
Alton was origi-
New Durham
settlement was
Gore.
made by
Jacob Chamberlain and others in
1770.
It received its present
name
by one of the principal proprietors
from a town of the same name in
England.
It was incorporated,
January 15, 1796.
First Minister.
ams
Elder John Ad-
(F. B.), ordained in 1811.
Boundaries. North by Winnipiseogee
Lake,
north-east
by
Wolfeborough, east by New Durham, south by Barnstead, and west
�AMHERST.
by Gilmanton
.
Area of improve
of the finest water privileges in the
county.
Babboosuc, Little Bab-
land, 18,025 acres.
Distances.
Twenty-two miles
and Jo. English Ponds,
are the largest collections of water.
boosuc
north-east from Concord, twenty-
Summer Resorts. The fine scenery in and around Amherst, has
caused it to be a popular resort for
five miles north-west from Dover,
and about twelve south-east from
Gilford. The distance, by boat on
the lake, to Wolfeborough is ten
miles, and to Centre Harbor, about
summer
Dover and Winni-
Cochecho, Railroad
terminus in this town, at
Alton Bay.
piseogee, or
has
tourists,
who spend
their
vacation through the warm weather.
One of the finest hotels in the
State, is located in the village.
Many private residences in the
village, and in other sections of the
town, keep summer boarders.
Employments. The inhabitants
are principally engaged in farming.
Over 90,000 gallons of milk is annually sold, and over 30,000 lbs. of
twenty-five miles.
Railroad.
53
its
AIUHERST.
Hillsborough Co. This town
was formerly the full Shire town
of Hillsborough county but at the
present time, only one trial term
of the Supreme Judicial Court is
holden, which commences the first
butter made. There is one large
foundery, and several other small
manufactories.
There are about
Tuesday of May. The soil on the
river is of an excellent quality, producing abundant crops. On the
hills the soil is strong, and many
valuable farms are found under a
"Farmer's Cabinet," established
here Nov. 10, 1802, is one of the
oldest and most respectable weekly
newspapers in the State.
high state of cultivation.
For many years, Amherst was
considered the most important
town in the county, but the grow-
ducts, $146,746; mechanical labor,
;
Resources.
Agricultural
pro-
$36,800; stocks, &c, $19,900; money at interest, $21,104; deposits in
savings
ing cities of Manchester and Nashua are fast taking the prestige
which made Amherst the Metropolitan town of the county, and, like
some European nations, are dividing the power of Poland among
themselves. But this venerable
town will long be respected, both
for the eminent men who were natives or citizens there, and as being
one of the finest towns in the county, and having one of the pleasant-
The
00 mechanics of all trades.
in
tourists,
free
'
banks,
$
trade, $28,600;
$12,000.
from debt
192,086
stock
;
from summer
The town
is
at the present time,
and there are but few towns in th
State, where the inhabitants are
more prosperous and happy, than
they are in Amherst.
Churches, Pastors and Schools.
Baptist, Rev. Albert Heald Con:
Rev. J. G. Davis;
Methodist, Rev. George W. Roland. There are eleven schools;
gregational,
est villages in the State.
average, length of schools for the
Pavers and Ponds. The Souhegan River is the principal stream,
and in its course to the Merrimack
year, twenty-five weeks.
River from this town, affords some
school-houses,
Value of
$10,300;
annual
amount of money, appropriated for
school purposes, $ 2,078.56.
�NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER.
54
Library. Amherst Social Town
Library 1000 volumes.
Hotel. " Amherst Hotel," Thom-
method of preparing it, but
it must be boiled in a
kettle or pot, in a manner similar
the
concluded
as Saunders, Proprietor.
to their boiling their liquid food.
This town was
granted by Massachusetts, in 1733,
to persons then living, and the
heirs of those not living, who had
served in the Narraganset war of
1675.
It was first named Narraganset Number Three," after-
They therefore put in a quantity of
the exotic herb, and having boiled
it till they supposed it was done,
they dipped it out and sipped of it,
First Settlers.
"
Souhegan West." The
were Samuel Waland Samuel Lampson, in
wards
settlers,
first
ton
July
1734.
January
It
was incorporated
18, 1760,
under the name
of "
to
Amherst " as complimentary
Lord Jeffrey Amherst, an En-
glish general in America, during
It became the
town of the county in 1771.
Amherst did its full duty in the
revolutionary contest. We append
a few extracts from notes of Hay-
the French war.
shire
ward's Gazetteer.
The first settlers of Amherst,
coming from the old towns in Massachusetts, brought with them the
customs which prevailed at the
time of their emigration.
They
were plain and simple in their
dress.
In living, they had few or
none of the luxuries of life. Their
fare was plain and substantial.
They used considerable liquid food,
such as milk, broths, pea and bean
porridge.
Chocolate was sometimes used, and was probably esteemed as one of their greatest
luxuries. Coffee was unknown to
them, and though tea had been
introduced into the country about
sixteen years when the town was
had not
fasted of it. The first used in the
place was sent by some Boston
settled, the first inhabitants
friends to the family of the minister,
who were unacquainted with
but doubtless found it less palatable than their favorite beverage.
Wine was a great rarity, and ardent spirits were rather regarded
for medicinal purposes than as fit
for an article of drink.
Sugar
which was known in this country
as early as 1631 was used by them
as was also molasses, but only in
small quanties. " The most common conveyance was by horses
fitted out with saddles and pillions.
Two could ride in this way the
same animal, and often times an
A few
infant was superadded.
years before the revolutionary war,
it began to be the practice to trot
horses, previously, these animals
had paced. The first or second
chaise brought into town, was
owned by Mr. Benjamin Kendrick,
and he rode in it till he was eightysix years old. As late as 1810, he
journeyed with it to Boston and its
neighborhood. It presented such
an antique appearance, that it was
often called the
First
'
Old Ark.' "
Rev. Daniel
Ministers.
Wilkins, (Cong'l) ordained in
Rev. Jeremiah
1736, died in 1781
Barnard, ordained colleague, in
1780; Rev. Nathan Lord D. D.,
President of Dartmouth College,
ordained as colleague in 1816.
;
Boundaries.
North
by
New
Boston, east by Bedford and Merrimack, south by Hollis, and west
by Milford and Mount Vernon.
Area, 22,432 acres, Improved land
12,300 acres.
�55
ANDOVER.
Distances.
Twenty-eight miles
south from Coneord, and fortyseven from Boston.
Railroad. Nashua and Wilto/i
Railroad passes through this town.
The
surface
uneven, being broken by hills
and mountains. The soil, in many
localities, is strong, and when propis
erly
cultivated,
crops.
yields
$29,500;
money
at interest, $28,401
excellent
Not more than one third
of the area of the town, or 8,456 out
of 29,883 acres, is considered capa-
depos-
stock in trade, $33,400; from sumtourists, $2,000; professional
Churches and Schools. CongreRev. Howard Moody,
pastor; Freewill Baptist, Rev.
gational,
C. B.
Griffin,
extends along the north part of the
town it is an eminence but little
inferior to Kearsarge in height,
but its name fully describes it.
There are several small villages,
;
names of which are
East Andover. Potter Place, West
Andover, and Andover.
Employment.
The inhabitants
are principally engaged in farming; but manufacturing is an
important branch of industry.
Among the most important of
goods annually produced, is paper,
$20,000, shoe pegs $20,000, Hames
'umber $19,200; grain
$28,000,
ground $19,100, cotton and woolen
hose $10,000, besides lasts, welding composition, and other small
mechanical works.
There are
also blacksmiths, wheelwrights,
carpenters, masons, painters, &c.
The total value of goods annually
produced, is $128,600. (See tables.)
Resources.
Productions from
agriculture, $66,257
mechanical
Christain,
pastor;
Martin, pastor.
There are twelve schools, of
which two are graded. Average
Rev. A.
II.
length of schools for the year,
fif-
teen weeks.
The Kearsarge House.
Hotel.
There are
several ponds, the largest of which
Its water is very
is Loon Pond.
pure, and the scenery around it is
grand and picturesque.
Ragged Mountain
Mountain.
Ponds and River.
;
;
$84,419;
mer
ble of improvement.
the post office
banks,
savings
in
its
business, $20,000.
ANBOVER.
Merrimack Co.
$17,500;
stocks,
labor,
Stages leave here on the arrival of
the cars, in warm weather, for the
Winthrop House, on Kearsarge
Mountain, four miles distant. The
scenery from the summit of this
mountain is very fine, and visitors
are largely increasing, from year
to year.
Andover was
First Settlement.
first
1746
known
it
as Emerisstown.
was granted
Brown and others,
in
as
to
In
Edward
New Britton,
New
honor of the captors of
which expedisome of the grantees were
engaged. June 25, 1779, it was incorporated under its present name.
The first inhabitant was Joseph
Fellows, who came here in 1761.
Britton, in 1745, in
tion
Among
are
the deceased citizens who
respect by
remembered with
the inhabitants, can be mentioned
Dr. Silas Barnard, the first physiHe died June 25,
cian in town.
1795.
Dr. Jacob B. Moore, a poet
of some eminence, became a resident here in 1796; died January
10, 1818.
Jonathan Weare, Esq.,
a civil magistrate, and highly respected, died in 1816. Mr. Jona-
than Noyes was respected for his
charitable disposition.
1
"Potter,"
�NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER.
56
the famous juggler and necromancer, was a citizen of Andover and
The
total value of manufactured
goods annually produced is $211,300.
(See tables.)
Resources.
Productions of the
soil, $92,732;
mechanical labor,
one of the railroad stations bears
his name, " Potter Place."
First Minister.
A Congregational church was established in
1782, and the Rev. Josiah Babcock
money
became the
dismissed
posits in savings banks, $120,710;
Boundaries. North by Hill, east
by Franklin, south by Salisbury,
stock in trade, $19,815; from summer tourists, $900; professional
business, $10,000.
first
pastor
;
in 1809.
and west by Wilmot.
Thirty miles northwest from Concord.
Railroad.
Northern Railroad
passes through the town, in an
easterly and westerly direction.
Distances.
ANTRIM.
^
$44,100;
&c,
stocks,
at interest,
$13,700;
$27,878;
de-
Churches and Schools.
PresbyRev. W. R. Coebran pastor; Methodist, J. A. Cooledge
pastor;
Baptist,
Rev.
E. M.
Shaw, pastor. There are twelve
schools in town
average length
of schools for the year, sixteen
terian,
;
weeks.
Hillsborough Co. The west
part of this town is hilly but af-
Library.
Antrim Library Asso-
ciation.
a fine range for grazing.'
There are some valuable tracts of
interval, and some very fine upland farms yielding fine crops.
Rivers and Ponds.
Contoocook
River passes through the easterly
part of the town.
North Branch
River originates from several
ponds in Stoddard, and furnishes
several valuable mill sites, and in
of the
some parts of its course it is bordered by fine tracts of interval.
Employments. The larger por-
friends and neighbors. The town
was incorporated March 22, 1777.
fords
tion of the inhabitants are
in agriculture
engaged
but manufacturing
is a very important branch of business in town. The annual value
of sewing silk and twist manufactured is $25,000; 100,000 apple;
hand seed sowers, and
300 horse seed sowers are annu-
parers, 500
made, valued at $100,000; besides there are cribs, cradles, bed-
ally
window shades, paste board
boxes, leather, &c, manufactured
steads,
Hotels.
Appleton House, North
Branch House.
Antrim derived
town in Ireland
same name. Deacon James
First Settlers.
its
name from
a
settled here in 1768.
No
other person moved into town for
the next four years, during which
Aiken
time he suffered many privations
and hardships for the want of
First
Minister.
Rev. Walter
Fullerton, ordained in
missed
1800,
dis-
in 1804.
Botmdaries and Area.
North
by Windsor and Hillsborough, east
by Ueering and Bennington, south
by Hancock, and west by Stoddard. Area 21,173 acres; improved land, 11,730 acres.
Distances.
Thirty miles south
west from Concord, and twenty
three miles north-west from Am
;
200,000 shingles
of lumber
are
and 600,000
feet
annually sawed.
herst.
Railroad.
Seven miles by
dailj
�ATKINSON.
stage to Hillsborough Bridge,
on
;
the cultivation of the apple, and
the best fruit in the State is pro-
Farming
is
the
principal occupation of the people,
but there are about forty mechanthe larger proportion of whom
ics,
engaged in making shoes.
Thirty-six thousand pairs are annually made, and valued at $50,000.
Resources. Annual productions
are
of the soil valued at $41,476; an-
nual value of mechanical labor,
at interest, $12,-
600; stock in trade, $2,300;
;
but,
difficulty in locatit
was
set off
incorporated September 3,
1767.
Benjamin Richards, Jonathan and Edmund Page, and John
Dow
were the first settlers, and
came here about 1728.
Rev. Stephen
First Minister.
Peabody, ordained in 1772; died
in 1819.
Boundaries.
South by HaverMass., west by Salem and
Londonderry, north by Hampstead,
and east by Plaistow. Area, 6939
hill,
acres.
ing to its elevated position, and its
quiet and pleasant village, is becoming noted as a place for sum-
Thirty miles south-
Distances.
west from Portsmouth, and thirtysix south-east from Concord.
Boston & Maine.
Railroads.
If the Plaistow and Nashua Railroad is built it will pass through
Atkinson.
from
summer tourists, $6,000.
Summer Resorts. Atkinson, ow-
mer
some
and
Rockingham Co. This town
has an uneven surface but the
soil is of a superior quality, and
under a high state of cultivation.
Much attention has been given to
money
to
ing a meeting-house,
ATKINSON.
$16,287;
originally a part of Plaistow
owing
Contoocook Valley Railroad.
duced here.
Employments.
57
ASHLAND.
Grafton Co.
Ashland is a
small township taken from the
southern portion of Holderness in
1868.
The
soil is hard, but,
when
Over 200 persons
summer vacation and
properly cultivated, produces good
crops. The farmers find a ready
sale for their surplus products, in
Atkinson
one of
the thriving manufacturing village
the oldest and most respectable in-
Pemigewasset River
Rivers.
washes the extreme western part
resort.
spent their
recreation here the past year.
Schools, Libraries, &c.
Academy,
in this town, is
stitutions in the State
;
incorporat-
ed in 1791. There is a library,
connected with the academy, containing 800 volumes. The school
is now under the charge of B. H.
Weston, A. M.
Churches. Congregational, Rev.
C. F. Morse, pastor; and Universal ist Church. Valuation, $ 10,000.
This town was
First Settlers.
named in honor of Theodore Atkinson, a large land-holder and a
member
of the council.
It
was
of Ashland.
of the town. Squam River, the
outlet of Squam Lake and Squam
Pond, runs in a south-west direction, and empties into the Perni-
This river affords
gewassett.
some of the best water power in
the State, enough at all seasons of
the year, and a surplus.
power
Much
of
improved, but double
the capital could be invested on it
to good advantage.
On Squam River, and
Village.
this
is
�NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER.
58
on the Boston, Concord and Montreal Railroad is situated the busy
manufacturing village of Ashland.
average length of schools for the
year, seventeen weeks.
The
business, for the size of the
village, is very extensive. There
brary.
are several large paper mills, two
hose manufactories, woolen mill,
lumber and grist mill, straw board
(see table.)
board mill, large peg
mill, glove and mitten manufacto-
was
originally a part of Holdern-
ess,
and was incorporated July
boots and shoes, besides many
other small mechanical shops.
1868.
mill, leather
ries,
Library.
Bank.
Hotel.
First
Ashland
Town
Li-
Ashland Savings Bank,
"
Squam Lake House."
Ashland
Orgauizution.
1,
stable,
Boundaries. North by Plymouth
and Holderness, east by Holderness, south by New Hampton, and
west by Bridgewater and HolderArea of improved land,
ness.
office,
3,853 acres.
There are
also
two church
edifices,
school-houses, bank, eight or ten
stores of all kinds, hotel, livery
express office, telegraph
insurance, lawyer and physician's offices, and nearly one
The
hundred dwelling houses.
scenery around Ashland is delightful, affording views wild, romantic and beautiful.
Manufacturing
Employments.
and trade are the principal employments of the
inhabitants.
Over 600,000 yards flannel,. 1,200
tons manilla paper, 140 tons leather board, 50,000 dozens cotton and
woolen hose,
175,000 shingles, 600,
Forty-four miles
Distances.
north from Concord, and six west
from Plymouth.
Bail roads. The Boston, Concord
Montreal railroad passes
through the southern section of
this town.
and
AUBURN.
Was
Rockingham Co.
ally that part of
"Long Meadow."
origin-
Chester called
It
was
incor-
000 feet boards, &c, 20,000 bushels shoe pegs, besides buck gloves
and mittens, tin ware and other
small manufactories.
The total
porated June
value of manufactured goods of
all kinds, annually produced, is
about $ 616,600. (See table.)
Resources.
Productions of the
soil, $48,364;
mechanical labor,
$110,100;
money at interest,
deposits
$28,870;
in
savings
bank, $59,820; stock in trade,
Lakes and Streams. Massabesic
is the largest body of fresh
water in the county, comprising
an area of about fifteen hundred
acres. It is about six miles long,
and from two to four hundred rods
$
44,420.
Churches and Schools.
Freewill
The
soil is
25, 1845.
is broken, but the
strong and produces good
surface
crops of corn, oats and potatoes.
Lake
in breadth.
Near the centre of
the length, the Lake is nearly
divided into two parts, but is
connected together by a strait,
Baptist, Rev. L. Malvern, pastor,
church value, $6,000; Episcopal,
some two hundred rods
LeRoy, pastor, value church,
$ 4,000. There are six school dis-
town, but there are some brooks
that furnish very good water power which is generally improved.
J.
tricts
and eight schools in town,
in length.
There are no large streams
in
�BARNSTEAD.
Employments.
The
larger por-
59
into the hill, in a northern direc-
engaged in
farming, who find a ready market
for all their surplus produce in the
City of Manchester, some five
Shoernaking and
miles distant.
lumbering are the principal me-
tion,
chanical businesses; there being
annually made about 24,000 pairs
sixty persons spent their
tion of the people are
women's boots and shoes, and
1,870,000 feet of lumber sawed.
Resources. Annnal value of the
of
productions of the soil, $ 67,843
value of mechanical labor, $ 10.400
deposits in savings bank, $50,924;
money at interest, $5,993; stock in
receipts from sum$ 3,000.
There
Churclies and Sulwols.
are two churches, Methodist, Elder
James Adams, pastor; Congregational, Rev. J. L. Gay, pastor.
There are eight schools in town,
trade,
mer
$
14,020
average length of schools for the
year, 17 weeks.
Tourists. The beautiful scenery
around the Massabesic, has atthe
attention
vacation in Auburn in 1872.
Boundaries. North by Candia,
east by Chester, south by Londonderry,
and west by Manchester.
Twenty miles south-
Distances.
from Concord, and twenty-one
west from Exeter.
east
BARNSTEAD.
well as the student of nature.
The " Cave," on the westeidy
side of " Devil's Den" Mountain,
The entrance to
Barnstead
is
one
of the most wealthy agricultural
towns in the county.
lies, principally,
in
The land
large swells,
affording excellent grazing
the soil
is
;
while
easily cultivated
and
produces fine crops of wheat, corn,
oats
and hay.
are
some very
On
the river, there
fine interval lands,
be found in the State, than Barn-
resort for the pleasure seeker, as
will interest any stranger
Belknap Co.
Auburn
becoming quite a resort for summer tourists. The "Massabesic
House " located on the shore of the
Lake, is a large and commodious
hotel, and suitably adapted for
summer boarders. The Concord
and Portsmouth railroad passes
within a few rods of the house.
Trains twice a day, each way,
arrive and depart.
The Lake is
truly a pleasing and attractive
stead.
River and Ponds.
er
is
the
principal
Suncook
riv-
stream, and
some fine water power.
There are several ponds, the largest of which are Suncook, Brindle
and Half Moon Ponds. These
waters are well stored with fish.
Plumbago and bog
Minerals.
furnishes
iron ore are found in various sections of the town.
Farming is the
employment of the inhabitants. About 100,000 pairs of
sale shoes are annually made;
Employment.
principal
who will
500,000 shingles and 400,000 feet of
cave
boards and dimension timber, are
yards
annually sawed
10,000
woolen goods manufactured, be-
this
about five feet in height, and two
and a half in width. It extends
is
summer
and valuable farms.
No more
pleasant country, for farming, can
is
it.
About
height.
in
to fifteen feet
many
of
lovers of recreation, and
visit
It is divided into numerous
apartments, several of which are
fourteen feet square, and from two
pass.
;
tourists,
tracted
about eighty feet, of sufficient
dimensions to permit a person to
;
�NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER.
60
sides blacksmiths, coopers, carpenters, masons, machinists, &c.
Total
value
goods annually
is
estimated at
of
manufactured
$146,000.
Productions of the
Resources.
soil,
mechanical labor,
§152,140;
$27,700; stocks and
money
terest, $10,325; deposits in
banks,
at in-
savings
Knowlton,
freewill Baptist, ordained in 1804 died in 1809.
Boundaries. Northeast by Alton, south-east by Strafford, southwest by Pittsfield, and north-west
by Gilmanton. Area, 26,000 acres
area of improved land, 14,805
;
acres.
Distances.
Twenty miles north-
Villages.
There are two very
pleasant villages.
At Barnstead
Parade there is a church, schoolhouse, hotel, store, saw-mill, and
twenty-five or thirty dwellinghouses. Rev. Enos George was a
from Concord, and eighteen
south-east from Gilford.
Railroads. Four miles to Pittsfield Station, on Suncook Valley
Railroad.
The Suncook Valley
Extension to Alton, when built,
will pass through this town. Also
the Concord and Rochester Rail-
resident of this village for over
road.
stock
$70,179;
in trade,
$3,000.
fifty
years.
He
died about 1859.
Barnstead Centre lies on the Suncook, about two miles north of the
Parade. Here are two stores, hotel, town-house,
church, schoolhouse, mills, shoe manufactory,
several mechanical shops, of various kinds, and about fifty dwelling
Churches and Scliools.
Christian, Rev. J. H. Nutter, Rev. J. H.
Davis, pastors Congregational, at
the Parade, Rev. W. O. Carr, pastor; Freewill Baptist, Rev. M. A.
Quinby, pastor.
;
There are
fifteen schools.
Aver-
age length of schools for the year,
nineteen weeks. (See table.)
First Settlement.
Rev. Joseph
Adams and others received a grant
of this town, May 20, 1727.
Settlements commenced 1767.
In
1775 there
town
Hotel.
;
were 250 inhabitants
in 1790, 807.
Shackford House; Cen-
tre.
A Congregachurch was organized in
1804, and the Rev. Enos George
became its pastor; Elder David
First Ministers.
tional
BARR1NGTON.
Strafford County. The surtown is broken and
face of this
rocky, the soil being principally a
gravelly loam.
What is termed
the oak ridges is of a sandy loam,
rich and productive and easily cultivated.
houses.
in
east
er
Rivers and Ponds. Isinglass rivis the principal stream, and
affords
One
some good water power.
fall in this
perpendicular.
river
is
thirty feet
There are thirteen
ponds within the limits of the
town from which flow streams,
considerable
water
furnishing
power.
Minerals. In some of the rocks,
beautiful and perfect specimens of
quartz crystals, and other tourmalin, are found.
Bog iron ore,
in considerable quantities, may be
obtained.
Cavern. About two miles from
the center of the town, there is a
remarkable cavern which is considered quite a curiosity by naturalists.
The principal room
cavern,
is
in this
sixty feet in length,
from
�61
BARTLETT.
twelve to
fifteen in hight,
and from
Employments.
ple,
ing
Agriculture
is
the
employment of the peo-
principal
but considerable manufacturis
carried on.
Dover
on the Boston
and Maine railroad. The Nashua
and Rochester, railroad now being
By
Railroads.
stage to
station, five miles
four to ten feet in width.
built, will pass
150,000 pairs of
through
this
town.
BARTLETT.
annually made, also
2,300,000 feet of boards &c, 685,000
shingles, and 600,000 clapboards
are annually sawed.
The value
of the potatoe crop exceeds that
at the foot of the
uneven.
The
of any
the Saco
it is
shoes
are
town
in the county.
Productions of the
$114,585; mechanical labor,
§51,525; stocks and money at inBesources.
soil,
$ 15,700
terest,
ings banks,
trade,
$
ists,
$
13,675
;
deposits in sav-
$129,176;
stock
in
from summer tour-
;
1,500.00.
Churches and Schools. Congregational, Rev. Ezra Haskell, pastor; Freewill Baptist, no pastor.
There are fifteen schools in town
average length of schools for the
year, sixteen weeks
amount of
money annually appropriated for
school purposes, $ 1,658.56.
First Settlements.
This town
originally included the town of
Strafford within its limits, and
comprised an area of 54,380 acres,
but about 29, 120 acres were taken,
in 1820, to form the latter town.
Incorporated May 10, 1722. The
first settlement was made about
ten years later.
First Ministers.
Rev. Joseph
Peiree settled in 1755, dismissed in
1768 Rev. David Tenney ordained
in 1771, dismissed in 1778.
Boundaries. North by Rochester, east by Madbury and Lee,
south by Nottingham and North;
;
wood, and west by Strafford.
Area
25,200 acres.
Distances.
Thirty miles
from Concord,
Dover.
five
west
east
from
This town
Carroll Co.
lies
White mounThe surface is rocky and
tains.
soil is various; on
very good, and fine
crops of corn, oats and potatoes are
produced.
Bivcr.
Saco River meanders
through the center of the town and
the principal stream.
Iron Ore. Prof. Hitchcock, in
his Geological survey report for
1871, says, that in the northern
part of Bartlett, occurs one of the
most extensive deposits of workable iron ore ever found in Newis
Hampshire. For full details, see
page
on mineralogy.
Farming is the
Employments.
principal employment, but lumbering is becoming an imporAbout
tant branch of business.
1,500,000 feet of boards and dimension timber are annually sawed.
Mills are being erected that will
increase their facilities to 7,000.000
feet a year.
It is also
an important point
Besources.
becoming
for tourists.
Productions of the
$68,312; mechanical labor,
$ 5,800 stocks and money at interest, $9,158; deposits in savings
stock in trade,
banks, $368;
soil,
;
$
1,450;
summer
tourists, $6,000.
Churches and ScJiools. Advent,
Rev. J. B. Dearing, pastor; Freewill Baptist, Rev. Spencer Kennison, pastor; Methodist, Kev. O.
T. Sinclair, pastor.
There are six
average length for the
year, fourteen weeks.
schools,
�NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER.
62
East
House,
Bartlett
Hotels.
and Pequawkett
Branch House
House..
This town
First Organization.
was incorporated June
1790,
16,
and received its name in honor of
Governor Josiah Bartlett.
Boundaries. North by Jackson,
east by Chatham, south and west
by ungranted lands. Area 13,000
acres; area of improved lands,
5,482 acres.
Seventy-five miles
Distances.
north-east from Concord and about
twenty-five miles north from Ossipee.
Railroad. Portland and Ogdensburg railroad passes through the
town.
northerly direction through the
town, thus separating the inhabitants, who find a communication
only through a single pass in the
mountain.
In several localities
Minerals.
large veins of copper ore have been
opened, which
much
appear to be of
value, if properly worked.
The
Employments.
of maple sugar are annually manA disastrous fire ocufactured.
curred in Bath village, February 1,
1872, destroying the Congregational church edifice, Bath Hotel and
several dwelling houses, none of
which have been rebuilt.* A mill
for the manufacture of wood paper has recently
Grafton Co.
pleasantly
This
situated
in
town
the
is
val-
Connecticut.
The
high mountains around completely shield it from high winds and
ley of
the
inhabitants
are generally engaged in farming.
200 tons of starch and 23,000 pounds
commenced
op-
eration.
Resources.
$157,838;
$9,500; stocks
soil,
Productions of the
mechanical labor,
&c, $ 32,500; mon-
About one sixth
part of the whole town is interval.
ey at interest, $ 28,000 deposits in
savings banks, $2,875; stock in
trade, $ 14,250 from summer tour-
On
ists,
long
storms.
the hills the soil
is
generally
of a reddish loam. Much improvement has been made in agriculture, and it is now considered one
of the best farming towns in the
State.
Large quantities of wheat,
and barley are annu-
corn, oats
ally raised.
Rivers
the southerly part, and furnishes
fine
;
$
600.
Churches and Schools. CongreEdward Cleveland,
gational, Rev.
pastor;
Catholic, no pastor;
Un-
ion church, at Swiftwater village,
Rev. Arnold Adams, pastor. There
twelve school districts and
averag
thirteen schools in town
length of schools for the year,
twenty-four weeks.
are
;
Mountains.
The
River passes through
and
Ammonusuc
some
;
water power.
At Bath
village a fine bridge spans the river, 372 feet in
length.
Wild Am-
September 10,
Bath was granted to Rev.
Andrew Gardner and sixty-one
First Settlements.
1761,
others.
The
conditions
of
the
at the
charter were not complied with,
and, in March 1769, it was rechart-
Gardner's
ered to John Sawyer and others.
from the confluence of the Connecticut and Ammonusuc rivers, and extends in a
John Herrimen from Haverhill,
monusuc River
Ammonusuc, in
south-west
Mountain
unites with
this
corner.
rises
town
the
* The Church was rebuilt in the season of
1873.
�BEDFORD.
Massachusetts,
first settled
here in
Moses Pike and
1765,
and
Mr.
Sawyer commenced
in 1766,
settle-
ments.
In 1778, a Presbyterian
church was formed, but in 1791, it
was dissolved and a Congregational church organized with nineteen
members.
Rev. David
First Minister.
Sutherland a native of Edinburgh,
Scotland,
was
installed in 1806.
North by Lyman,
Boundaries^
63
three ponds in town, but it is supposed they are united beneath a
which floats upon the
and rises and falls with
large bog,
surface,
the water.
The town is watered by
Merrimack and Piscataquoag
Rivers, which afford some water
Hirers.
the
power.
Minerals. Iron ore, plumbago,
hornblende, crystallized quartz,
&c, are found here in limited
east by Landaff, south by Haver-
quantities.
and west by Ryegate
Improved land, 18,639 acres.
Employments. The inhabitants
are principally engaged in agricul-
hill,
Vt.
Ninety-eight miles
Distances.
Concord and
forty-two north-east from Hanfrom
north-west
7,000 bushels of corn, 19,000
bushels potatoes, and 3.200 tons hay
are produced, 5,000 clapboards,
ture.
over.
395,000 shingles,
The Boston, Concord
and Montreal and "White moun-
of boards,
Railroads.
tains
(N. H.)
railroad
passes
through this town.
BEDFORD.
ly.
and
&c,
and
are
1,300,000 feet
sawed annual-
There are also a wheelwright,
several other
mechanical
shops in town. Many thousands
of bricks are also manufactured.
Resources.
Productions of the
soil, $178,000; mechanical labor,
§ 16, 100 stock and money at interest, $24,000; deposits in savings
banks, $ 146,875 stock in trade,
'
Hillsborough Co. In
part, the surface is
soil is
the west
uneven, but the
strong and productive.
the
Merrimack are
Of
late years
much
On
rich intervals.
attention lias
been given to producing milk for
the Manchester market.
The
value of milk annually sold is
estimated at $75,000.
Bedford
ranks as the second town in the
county in the value of its agricultural productions.
Natural
Curiosities.
In the,
westerly part of the town is a gulf
and precipice, which are worthy of
a visit from all lovers of natural
Over the precipice a
small river plunges, falling two
curiosities.
;
;
$
17,812.
Churches and Schools.
Presby-
terian church, Rev. Ira C. Tyson,
pastor.
districts,
There are twelve school
and eleven schools in
town average length of schools
;
the year, twenty-two weeks.
First Settlements. In 1733
foi
Mas-
sachusetts granted Bedford to the
officers, soldiers and the surviving
heirs of those deceased,
who
served
in the Narragansett war,
under the
name of "Narragansett, No. 5, or
" Souhegan East."
The number
hundred feet in a distance of one
hundred yards. Excavations in
of grantees
solid stone are
and James S. "Walker, in 1737.
Col. John Goffe, Matthew Patten,
Esq., and Captain Samuel Patten,
ciently large
persons.
found here,
to contain
There are
suffi-
several
apparently
was
settlement was
120.
The first
made by Robert
�NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER,
64
were added
to the settlement in
Several of the early settlers
emigrated from the northern part
of Ireland. Silas Barron, son of
1738.
Moses Barron, was born A. D. 1741
and was the first child born in
south from Concord, eight north-
from Amherst, and four west
from Manchester.
Concord Railroad
Railroads.
passes through this town. When
completed, the Manchester and
east
town. In 1745, James McQuade
and Robert Burns, who had been
to a neighboring town, on their return were surprised by a party of
Indians, concealed in the bushes,
McQuade was
near the path.
killed, but Burns, by running in a
zig-zag course, so confused the
enemy, that he made his escape
near Goff s Falls. On the bank of
the river is a plot of ground supposed once to have been an Indian
burying ground. Dr. Woodbury, in
company with others, in 1821, exhumed a part of three skeletons one
appeared to have been buried in a
sitting position all their heads lay
towards the south. Human bones
have been washed from the banks
of the river near these grounds.
Ashburnham Railroad
Hon. John Orr, a distinguished
citizen of this town was in the
battle of Bennington, under Gen.
Stark, and received a wound in the
early part of the engagement. He
died here in January 1823, aged
west section of Gilmanton, and
runs in a
southerly direction
through this town, discharging its
water into the Winnepiseogee River, and affording some very good
water privileges in its course. A
part of Suncook Mountains lie
:
;
seventy-five years.
Incorporated
May
pass through
also
BELMONT.
Belknap Co.
of the
towns
Belmont is one
most important farming
in the State,
ranking as the
twenty-first in value of agricultu-
The surface is broken with hills and valleys, affording
some very fine scenery. The soil
is deep, well cultivated, and produces excellent crops of corn,
wheat, oats and hay. No town in
the county, in proportion to the
number of acres cultivated, exceeds Belmont in value of agricul-
ral products.
tural products.
Streams and Mountains.
A con-
siderable stream rises in the north-
in
19, 1750.
will
it.
the north-east section of the
Rev. John
Houston, (Presby.) ordained in
1758, died in 1778; Rev. David Mc
Gregor settled in 1804. A Pres-
town.
byterian Church
ists,
First
Ministers.
was formed
in
Scenery.
The
beautiful and ro-
mantic scenery of
this
town
at-
many tourthrough the warm
tracts the attention of
who visit
it
Boundaries and Area. North by
Goffstown, east by Merrimack
River, which separates it from
season of the year. There is a
pleasant and busy village called
Factory Village.
Agricidture is
Employments.
Manchester, south by Merrimack
nnd west by Amherst and New
Boston. Area, 20,000 acres. Im-
people, although manufacturing is
carried on to a considerable extent.
1757.
proved land
Distances.
11,781 acres.
Twenty-one
the principal
employment of the
700,000 feet of boards,
miles
&c.,
and
450,000 shingles are annually pro-
�BENNINGTON.
duced, and 86,000 dozen pairs of
womens' cotton hose are annually
manufactured.
Resources.
soil,
§165,980;
Productions of the
mechanical labor,
$48,400; stocks
and money
terest, $22,400; deposits in
banks, $92,470
;
at in-
savings
stock in trade, $6,
from summer tourists, $10,000.
Churches and Schools. 1st Freewill Baptist Church, Rev. J. L.
Sinclair, pastor; 2d Freewill Baptist Church, Rev. J. Davis Pastor
Christian Church, Rev. A. Kidder,
pastor. There are twelve school
districts in this town, and fourteen
schools. Average length of schools
for the year, sixteen weeks.
Hotels. Belmont House American House.
This town
First Organization.
was disannexed from Gilmanton,
June 28, 1859, and called Upper
Gilmanton, but was changed to
Belmont in July, 1869. For first
settlers see Gilmanton.
Boundaries. North-east by GilGilmanton,
ford, south-east by
south-west by Canterbury and
north-west by
Northfield, ami
Winnepiseogee River and Lake
Area of imWinnesquame.
proved land, 10,625 acres.
Twenty-four miles
Distances.
north from Concord, and four
south from Gilford.
Railroads. Boston, Concord and
Montreal Railroad passes through
812;
;
the north-western section of this
town.
By
daily stage to Tilton
The Franklin
and Rochester Railroad will pass
through here when completed.
Station, six miles.
BENNINGTON.
Hillsborough Co. The surtown is uneven, but
face of this
the soil is productive
when proper-
65
Bennington
cultivated.
ly
is
a
small township taken from Deering, Francestown, Greenfield and
Hancock, in 1842.
Hirers. Contoocook River passes through this town and affords
good water power which is generally improved.
Employments. The inhabitants
are largely engaged in manufacturing. The manufactory of cutlery is very extensive; over 450
tons of paper are annually produced and 450,000 feet of lumber annually sawed; besides powder,
barrels, kits, &c., are made. Bennington Village is a busy and en;
ergetic place for business.
The
annual value of manufactured
goods produced in town is $161,500.
(See tables.)
Resources.
soil,
$21,487;
Productions of the
mechanical labor,
$29,400; stocks,
&c, and money
deposits in
savings banks, $30,294; stock in
at interest,
$15,850;
trade, $22,450.
Churches and Schools.
gational, Rev.
Congre-
James Holmes
pas-
There are five schools in
town. Average length of schools
for the year, sixteen weeks. In
the summer of 1871 a graded
school building was erected at an
expense of $3,800. It is worthy of
notice that after the first term of
tor.
eleven weeks, with eighty scholars
in both departments, not a single
scratch upon the desks, nor a single
mark upon the walls of the school
room could be discovered.
Library. Bennington Social Library 400 vols.
—
Hotel.
Washington House.
Boundaries. North by Deering,
east by Francestown, south by
Francestown and Greenfield, and
west by Hancock and Antrim.
�NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER.
66
Acres of improved land, 3,299.
Railroads. Ten miles by daily
stage to Hillsborough Bridge, on
the Contoocook Valley Railroad;
also daily stage to Wilton, fifteen
miles on the Wilton Railroad.
The Peterborough and Hillsborough Railroad will pass through
Bennington when
built.
BENTON.
Grafton Co.
Pond
is
Beaver Meadow
the only considerable sheet
of water in this town. It abounds
Oliverian river, so
with trout.
called from a
into
it
Mr. Oliver, who
(Oliver
is
in
fell
"Oliverian''''),
through the south part.
Tunnel brook is in the north part,
flows
and Baker River, the Asquamchumawke, rising in a small pond
on Moosehillock, runs easterly
The centre of
into Woodstock.
the town is studded with mounSugar-loaf Mountain
tain peaks.
is very symmetrical, and Owl's
Head is most fertile in blueberries,
thousands of bushels being picked
on its summit each year. An im-
mense
precipice, called the Face,
mountain, and when the
country was first settled, a deer,
and a hound pursuing, leaped over
the brink and fell a hundred fathoms down. The deer was killed,
but the hound, save a broken leg,
»seaped uninjured. Black Mt. is
densely wooded, and Moosehillock
ranks among the highest mounis
on
this
New-Hampshire.
Benton Avas
Settlers.
granted, January 31, 1764, to Theophilus Fitch, and it was settled
in that part called High Street by
Obadiah Eastman, shortly after
the commencement of the Revolution. James Page settled soon
after on Oliverian meadows, and
tains in
First
William Whitcher was the first
settler of North Benton.
He was
the father of sixteen children who
lived to grow up, all very tall, and
" there are more than a hundred
feet
of
Whitehers in
William
Whitcher's family," was a true
and very common expression.
Dick French, a noted hunter and
wolf-killer, formerly lived at the
north part.
Name. Coventry was the first
name, but it was changed to Benton in honor of Hon. Thomas II.
Benton, Dec. 4, 1840.
Employments. There are some
good and productive farms among
the mountains, excellent crops are
raised, much maple sugar is made,
and the farmers lead pleasant
lives.
About one million feet of
lumber are annually manufactured
and sent to market.
Summer Tourists.
Moosehillock, called by the Indians Moosilauke, from mosi, bald, and auke,
a place Bald-place, has been a
noted resort for many years.
There is a tradition that Waternomee, an Indian chief, ascended
Robert Pomeroy,
it about 1685.
one of Rogers' Rangers, died on it
in 1759.
Chase Whitcher, father
of Wni. Whitcher, was the first
white settler, and Mrs. Daniel
Patch the first white woman who
climbed it. Amos F.Clough, photographer, and Prof. J. II. Huntington, of the State Geological Survey, spent the winter of 1869 and
1870 on its summit, being pioneers
of mountain heterology, and the
first men who ever achieved so
—
perilous a feat.
There are two
bridle paths leading to the top of
—
mountain one from North
Benton and one from High Street,
and from East Warren is a good
the
�BERLIN.
67
turnpike. The Prospect House, a
small hotel, built of stone, on the
a fine opportunity for lumbering.
Rivers. The Androscoggin pass-
is kept by James
Clement, and he has hundreds of
visitors each season.
No other
es
mountain in New-Hampshire affords so grand a view. Five states,
Maine, New-Hampshire, Vermont,
Massachusetts, and New York,
with a part of Canada, are spread
out beneath. The White Mountains, the Green Mountains, and
some of the elevations in town, a
fine view of the White Mountains
highest peak,
the Adirondacks, more than a
thousand different peaks, shoot up
around.
The Connecticut, Asquamchumauke, Pemigewassett,
and Ammonoosuc rivers are at
the mountain's base. Forty lakes
and ponds are visible, and, in the
distance, on a clear day, is seen
the ocean.
Minerals.
tals, in
Perfect quartz crys-
great abundance, are
dug
through the east part, and the
Upper Ammonoosuc through the
may
be obtained. On Cate's Hill,
is a combination of minerals
rarely seen on the surface.
The
general appearance is exceedingly
promising for copper, if not for
tin
but as yet it has not been discovered where the ore is concentrated in a vein, though there are
there
;
several places
crystals of Epidote, the
best in the State, are found on
Owl's Head.
Numerous specimens of lead and copper ores
abound at High Street, and a quarry of stone, resembling Italian
marble, has been opened on Black
mountain.
Railroad Facilities. The Boston, Concord and Montreal Railroad passes through the south part.
The stations are Summit and Bath.
Boundaries. North by Landau"",
east by Woodstock, south by Warren and West by Haverhill.
Distances. Six miles from Haverhill, seventy from Concord.
BERLIN.
Coos Co. The surface of Berlin
broken and mountainous, there
being but 1,340 acres of improved
land in town.
There are vast
is
tracts
of timber land,
affording
where
it is
nated through the rock.
Employments. Berlin
ond town
in the State for
dissemi-
is
the sec-
manufac-
turing lumber. Over twenty-three
million feet of lumber of all kinds
are annually sawed, valued at over
$350,000.
from the ground at North Benton.
Immense
From
west part of the town.
(See tables.)
Resources.
soil,
$
$19,800;
156,400
;
Productions of the
mechanical labor,
money
at
interest,
stock in trade, $15,550;
from summer tourists, $30,000.
$2,800;
Church and Schools.
L. H. Gordon, pastor.
Methodist,
There are
six schools in town.
Average
length of schools for the year,
seventeen weeks.
Library. W. W. Brown, private
library, over 400
Hotels.
volumes.
Mount Forest House,
and Berlin Falls House.
First Settlements.
This town
was granted December 31, 1771, to
Sir William Mayne, Bart, Robert,
Thomas, and Edward Mayne, and
others of Barbadoes, and was called Maynesborough till July 1,
1829, when it was incorporated by
its present name.
North by Milan,
by Success, south by Randolph and Gorham, and west by
Boundaries.
east
�NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER.
68
Kilkenney.
Distances.
Area,
acres.
31,000
One hundred and
from Concord,
and twenty east from Lancaster.
forty miles north
Railroad.
Grand Trunk
Rail-
road passes through the eastern
portion of the town.
BETHIEHEM,
Grafton Co.
lehem
is
The
soil
months, according to careful esti*
was four thousand."
mation,
Large boarding-houses are being
erected every season, and are filled. If the tourists average forty
dollars each in their expenses in
town, which must be a low estimate, it will amount to the large
sum
of Beth-
good, and produces fine
crops of grain, potatoes and grass.
At present, the lumber business is
extensively carried on.
Ammonoosuc
Great
and Gale Rivers are the principal
and afford abundant
streams,
Elvers.
water-power.
Mountains. The principal mountains are Mount Agassiz and Peaked Mountain.
Minerals. Specimens of magnetic and bog iron are found in various localities.
The inhabitants
Employments.
are generally devoted to agriculture and keeping summer boardThe town is in the vicinity
ers.
White Mountain Range,
and is the Rendezvous for travelers who wish to visit the Moun-
of $160,000 for the season.
This large influx of people through
the Summer affords the farmers a
fine opportunity to market their
surplus produce at advance rates.
The lumber business is important.
Over 1,300,000 clapboards, 1,900,
000 shingles, and 8,800,000 feet of
boards and dimension timber are
annually sawed and give employment to over 100 men in its manu(See tables.)
facture.
Productions of the
Resources.
;
$137,602; mechanical labor,
$68,300; money at interest, $22,
500; stock in trade, $50,425; deposits in savings bank, $1,598;
from summer tourists, estimate,
soil,
$
160,000.
The
inhabitants in the northern
where there
of the
sections of the State,
on their return to take the
branch road from the
White Mountain Railroad has its
junction here, and extends six
appears to be the most enterprise,
have but little money deposited in
The rusty iron
savings banks.
chests in southern New-Hampshire, which contain Western Railroad stocks and bonds, Western
county, city, and town bonds, and
Western personal notes, secured by
tains, or
cars.
A
miles to the
in
Carroll.
Twin Mountain House
It will
be extended
coming season. The
village of Bethlehem is very pleasantly situated, and the scenery
around it is beautiful and hard to
be surpassed. A prominent resident of this town says: "The
future prospects of Bethlehem are
very flattering, owing to the great
rush of summer tourists.
The
farther the
number who stopped in the season
of 1872, from one week to three
mortgage on Western real
to the value of
more than $
estate,
12.000,
000 do not produce as much State
enterprise (which shows a practical State benefit) as does the $122,000 invested in mills, &c, and
$190,000 invested in hotels and
Bethlehem.
boarding-houses in
Ten thousand dollars properly invested in this State, will do more
good, and produce more business
�BOSCAWEN.
among
the people than a million
of dollars invested in Western Railroad stocks and bonds.
MethoChurches and Schools.
Rev. Charles II. Smith, pas-
dist,
members, 60, Church value,
There are eleven schools
in town. Average length of schools
for the year, fifteen weeks; total
tor,
$3,000.
69
Bista?iccs.
One hundred miles
north from Concord, and thirtysix, by rail, north from Haverhill.
Railroads.
White Mountains
Railroad passes through the northern section of the town to Carroll.
The Portland and Odgensburg is
expected to pass through some
portion of the town.
value of school-houses, $7,850.
Houses.
BOSCAWEN.
and Summer Boarding
Hotels
Merrimack County.
Sinclair House, valued at
Mount Agassiz House,
$60,000;
Prospect
valued at $20,000;
White
House, valued at $ 12,000
Mountain Boarding House, valued at $9,000: Spooner Cottage,
valued at $ 7,000 Bean's Cottage,
valued at 6,500 Turner's Cottage,
$4,000, (it is being enlarged at
an expense of $5,000.) Wilder
Boarding House, $8,000; Bailey's
;
;
;
Before
Boscawen was divided and the
town of Webster taken from its
western limits, it was considered,
with one exception, the best and
farming township in the
The soil on the river is
deep and easy to cultivate, and
when properly fertilized produces
largest
county.
excellent crops of corn.
On
the
uplands the soil is strong and good
for grazing and the raising of fruit.
The average value of production
for each acre of improved land is
$ 10. 16| the average of the county
is $9.33.
This includes pasturage
and tillage land.
Some of the
finest farms in the county are in
Cottage, $ 5,000. There are other
houses where some summer tourists stop through the summer.
Livery Stables. Clark Brothers,
30 horses, valued at $ 12,000
H.
Wilder, 16 horses, $7,000; Sawyer & Wallace, 8 horses, valued
at $3,000; Thompson & Son, 8
horses, valued at $ 3,000
Bowles
& Young, 5 horses, valued at
Farm is located in the northern
part of the town near the Merri-
$2,000.
mack.
;
;
December 27, 1769;
James Turner, Thomas and John
Hatch, Nathan and Amos Wheel-
incorporated,
and others settled here in 1790.
First Church Organization. Con-
er,
Baptist,
1800;
Boscawen. The Merrimack County
Rivers and Ponds.
Bethlehem was
First Settlers.
gregational,
;
October,
15,
1802;
Freewill Baptist,
1813.
which
Great Pond,
town anr"
Long Pond,
lies partly in this
partly in Webster, and
western section of the town,
are the principal bodies of water.
in the
Merrimack River washes
its east-
ern border, while the Contoocook
waters the south-eastern corner.
The latter River furnishes some
North by Whiteby Carroll, and ungranted lands, south by Franconia and
Lisbon, and west by Littleton.
Total area, 31,154 acres; improved
fine
land, 10,955 acres.
inhabitants, although the agricul-
Boundaries.
field,
east
water power at Fisherville,
which is situated partly in this
town and partly in Concord.
Employments.
is
the principal
Manufacturing
employment of the
�NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER.
70
town is imporand on many of the farms it
There are
is lucrative business.
34 farms in town whose annual ag-
in trade, $48,975; professional
business, $ 10,000.
Fishcrville. On the Contoocook
River, and near
its
confluence with
ricultural productions are respect-
the Merrimack,
is
situated the en-
ively valued at over $1,000; 14
over $ 1,5'00; 7 over $2,000; 5 over
terprising manufacturing
and 1
3 over $3,600;
Seven farms are valued
at $ 97,000, and have a total area
of improved land of 1,700 acres.
line
amount annually paid for
labor was $4,200; and the total
most valuable water-power on the
Contoocook is at this point, the
water falling over 60 feet in a dis-
tural interest of the
tant,
of Fisherville. It
cord,
larger portion in Concord.
total
value of farm productions $ 22, 100,
or $ 13 to each acre of improved
land. These seven farms have invested in stock and farming implements, about $ 15,000, and received
from the forest production less
30,000 pairs of shoes
;
000.
made
and
tanned, $4,500; castings
and machinery to the value of
$60,000; doors, sash, and blinds
saws,
to the value of $20,000;
300;
;'
to the value
barrels valued
300,000
feet of boards
shingles,
of over
at
$ 23,
3,100,000
and dimension tim-
axe helves, besides
carriages sleighs, excelsior, doors,
ber, 2,000 doz.
;
sash, blinds, saws, bar soap, and
various other small mechanical
shops too numerous to mention.
The total horse water-power which
is
near the mill. The total value of
all goods manufactured annually
is $907,600, employing 180 males
and 104 females, Avho annually re-
improved
in this village, is over
850; capital invested in manufac-
$ 598,000 males employed,
females and children, 245;
amount annually paid for labor,
$ 248,000 value of goods annually
manufactured, $ 1,412,900.
There are fifteen or twenty
stores, of various kinds, two hotels,
four churches, two graded schoolhouses, an academy, bank, insurance, express, post, and various
other offices common to a large
tories,
;
408;
ceive for their labor, $ 129,600.
Capital invested in manufactures,
;
$310,600.
Productions of the
soil,
;
;
flour
$ 500,000
$ 10,000 336,000 bushels of wheat
and other grain ground, and over
1,000,000 feet of lumber of all kinds
sawed. There were ground 46,800
barrels of flour in 1872, and the
barrels for the flour were made
$94,273; mechanical labor,
$129,600; money at interest, $30,
725; stocks, &c, $36,000; deposits
in savings banks, $ 103,492 stock
Foundry and machine shop,
grain ground into meal
$ 65,000
leather
Resources.
The
tance of less than a mile. In this
village there are two cotton mills,
annually manufacturing 4,386,000
yards of cotton print cloth, two
woolen mills, annually producing
flannel, cassimeres, and yarn to the
value of $ 105,000 bedsteads, bureaus, sinks, teapoys, and lookingglass frames to the value of $ 173,
than $2,500; making, after deducting for labor and taxes, over
12 per cent, on the capital invested
in farming. There are 1,488,000
yards of cotton cloth annually manufactured, 345,000 yards of flannel
woven,
village
located on the
between Boscawen and Conand is nearly equally divided
between the two towns, with the
$2,800;
$4,800.
The
is
I
�The above cut
Co., Fisherville,
represents the establishment of Gage, Porter
N. H.,
every description:
other saws.
for the
viz.,
manufacturing of
circular,
mill,
cast-steel
cross-cut,
pit,
&
saws of
wood, and
Their shops are quite extensive and located near the
Northern railroad.
A side
track
is
laid
through their yard which
enables them to convey their goods to all sections of the country
without trans-shipment.
for
more than twenty
They have been
years,
in successful operation
and their business adds much
enterprise of that thrifty village.
to the
��BOSCAWEN.
village,
and about 300 dwelling-
Some
houses.
business
the
of
and
blocks, are elegant structures,
many
private residences are pleasantly located and are costly build-
There are many wealthy
ings.
men
in this village,
but less
men
71
Rev. "Win. R.
1,500 volumes;
Jewett, N. Butler, Esq., and Isaac
K. Gage, Esq., have libraries of
over 500 volumes each.
Ambrose Hotel
Hotels.
cawen
and
Plains,
at Bos-
Penacook
House, at Fisherville.
of leisure, than in any other village
of its size in the State, and less
show of aristocracy. Evei-y man is
persons, living in
equal with his neighbor, and none
that State, for a tract of land on the
so rich that he is ashamed to labor,
but still too proud to be called in-
westerly side of Merrimack river,
and a grant was obtained, Decem-
The people are an intelligent reading class, the receipts of
the post-ollice being over S 1,100
annually, showing that the inhabitants know how to read and write,
and intend to improve their spare
ber 8, 1732, by John Coffin and
eighty others, of a territory, seven
The provisions of
miles square.
this grant were, that within four
years from the date of the confirmation of the plan, they should
settle, and have on the spot eighty
families, each settler to build a
good, convenient dwelling-house,
at least eighteen feet square, and
clear, fence, and improve, at least,
four acres of land. The tract being
properly surveyed, a settlement
dolent.
moments
in those occupations.
About two miles north of Fisherville, on the Merrimack, is located
the old, but pleasant, village of
Boscawen Plains. For many years
this village
siderable
was
trade.
the seat of con-
The
principal
First Settlement.
In 1732, certain
Newbury, Mass.,
petitioned to the General Court of
street is wide, very straight, level,
was commenced
and some portions of
Nathaniel Danforth, Moses Burbank, Stephen Gerrish, Edward
it,
beautifully
shaded. The dwellings, and their
surroundings, have an antique appearance, but show an air of respectability and wealth. It still is
a very pleasant and desirable loca-
tional,
Rev.
W.
Abigail,
Congre-
feet square,
Congrega-
R. Jewett, Pastor.
There are eight school
and ten schools in town
districts,
average
length of schools for the year,
sixteen weeks
annual amount
appropriated for school purposes,
;
;
$2,583.83.
Literary Institution. Penacook
is located in this town,
Academy
at Fisherville.
Libraries.
others.
Curtice,
Churches and Schools.
Rev. Corbin
gational,
at Fisherville,
and
daughter of Nathaniel Danforth,
was the first child born in town.
The first settlers were exposed to
Indian incursions, and, for protection, they erected a log fort, 100
tion to live in.
pastor;
Emery,
early in 1734, by
Fisherville Library,
and ten
feet in height.
This fort proved a safe defence and
protection,
itants, for
for all of the
more
inhab-
than* 20 years.
The Indians made an attack on
the settlement in 1746, and killed
Thomas Cook, a
colored man, and
Jones captive, and
carried him to Canada, where he
died.
In May, 1754, Nathaniel
Melvin and family, consisting of
himself, wife, and five children,
were taken, and carried to Canada,
took Elisha
�72
NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER.
from whence they escaped, after
a servitude of three years. In August of the same year, they killed
the wife of Philip Call. They were
pursued by the settlers, and secreting themselves in ambush, rushed
out upon their pursuers, took Enos
Bishop prisoner, and killed Timothy Cook, who attempted to escape by plunging into the river.
Ezekiel Flanders, and Edward
Emery were killed in 1756, while
on a hunting excursion to Newfound lake.
Thirty-seven years before the
settlement was commenced
first
Boscawen, there was enacted
within the present limits of this
town, one of the most heroic deeds
to secure liberty from the hands of
a savage foe, ever recorded on the
pages of history, and which may
be appropriately mentioned here.
in
At the confluence of the Contoocook River with the Merrimack, on
the north line of Concord, is Dustin's island, over which the Northern Railroad now passes.
This
island has become justly celebrated
on account of an exploit of a lady,
whose name it bears.
On the 15th of March, 1697, the
Indians made a descent on Haverhill, Mass., where they took Mrs.
Hannah Dustin, who was confined
to her bed, with an infant only six
days old, and attended by her nurse,
Mary Xiff. They soon despatched
the infant, by dashing its head
against a tree, and proceeded up
the Merrimack. After a long and
tedious march, they arrived at this
island.
The wigwam to which
they were conducted, and which
belongs to the savage,
them
who claimed
was inhabited
by 12 persons, viz., two men, three
women and seven young Indians.
as his property,
The prisoners were Mrs. Dustin,
the nurse, and a youth they had
taken
from
Worcester,
named
Samuel Lannardson. On this island they rested for a while, intending soon to proceed on their way,
a considerable distance farther up
the river, to an Indian town,
the captives
where
were informed that
they would be compelled to run
the gauntlet through the village.
Aware
of
the
cruelties
that
awaited her, Mrs. Dustin formed a
determination to exterminate the
whole party, should an opportunity
present itself. She prevailed on her
nurse and the boy to assist her in
carrying out this bold and hazardous undertaking. On the morning
of the 31st of March, a little before
day, finding the whole company in
a sound sleep, she awoke her confederates, and with the Indians'
hatchets despatched ten of the
twelve. One of the women, whom
they thought they had killed made
her escape, and a favorite boy they
designedly left. Mrs. Dustin then
secured the provisions in die wigwam, taking the gun of her dead
master, and the tomahawk with
which she slew him, and to prevent pursuit, she scuttled all the
canoes save one. She embarked
in that, with the boy Lannardson
and the nurse, on the then high
and turbulent Merrimack, to seek
her way to Haverhill. They had
not proceeded far, however, when
Mrs. Dustin perceived they had
neglected to take the scalps. With
her companions, she returned and
took ofl* the scalps and put them in
a bag, and with these bloody witnesses of the feat, she again turned
down the river, and in a few days
arrived at Haverhill safe. On the
21st of April, she visited Boston.
�BOW.
The General Court of Massachusetts made her a grant of £50 as
a reward for her determined and
bloody strike for liberty.
Mrs. Dustin was the daughter of
Michael and Hannah Emerson, and
tne eldest of fifteen children. She
was born December 23, 1657, and
married to Thomas Dustin, December 3, 1677. She was the mother
of thirteen children and
years of age
when
was
forty
Her
captured.
descendants by the name of Dustin,
and also her family connections by
the name of Emerson, are numerous in New-Hampshire.
On
this island,
between the
rail-
road and the Merrimack, there is
being erected a handsome granite
monument (on the precise spot
where
the
memory
The
of
wigwams stood)
Hannah Dustin.
in
proprietors gave the town-
ship the
name
of Contoocook, from
the Indian name of the river, which
touches
It
its
south-eastern border.
was incorporated, and received
its present name in 1760, in honor
of Sir Edward Boscawen, an English admiral.
First Ministers.
Rev. Phineas
Stevens, ordained in 1740; died in
Rev. Robie Merrill, ordained
dismissed in 1766. Nathaniel Merrill, ordained in 1768;
dismissed in 1774.
Rev. Samuel
Wood, D. D., ordained in 1781, and
continued in charge of the church,
for more than fifty years.
He was
1755.
in
1761;
distinguished
Under
eighty
for
his
learning.
more than
young men were fitted for
his instruction,
college,
thirty-one of
came ministers of
whom
be-
the gospel.
73
west by Webster. Area of improved land, 9,274 acres.
Distances.
Eight miles from
Concord, north-west.
Railroads. The Northern Railroad passes along the whole western border of the town.
BOW.
Merrimack County. The
face of this
sur-
town isuneven, but the
though hard, is very producand yields abundant crops,
the surplus of which finds a ready
market in Concord, Suncook, or
Manchester. There is no town in
soil,
tive,
the State in
which the people are
better provided with this world's
goods than Bow. The soil alone
produces to each man, woman and
child, $200 annually.
They have
deposited money in the savings
banks enough to give every ratable poll in town $530 each, or to
give every person in town $175.
Ponds and Rivers. Truree Pond
is the principal body of water.
Turkey River is the principal
stream, and joins the Merrimack
at Turkey Falls.
The Merrimack
washes its eastern border. The
ruins of Bow Canal, on the Mer-
rimack, at the Falls, are about three
miles below Concord. It originally cost $13,800,
and was
built for
the passage of boats, in the days
when
the Merrimack was used in
transporting merchandise up and
down its channel. Railroads have
taken the place of canals on the
Merrimack, except when they are
used to convey water power to
move machinery.
Employments. The inhabitants
all engaged in agricul-
Boundaries. North by Salisbnry
and Franklin, east by the Merri-
are nearly
mack river, which separates it from
shingles,
Canterbury and Northfield, and
ture.
40,000 clapboards,
550,000
and 675,000, feet of
boards and dimension timber are
�NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER.
74
was
thirty-eight years
Bow
gained a victory
annually sawed, valued at $13,400,
and 25,000 bushels grain ground,
ganization
$24,200.
over Concord in
Productions of the
Resources.
soil,
mechanical labor,
stocks and money at inter-
$153,546;
$7,000
est, $13,430;
;
deposits in savings
banks, $122,445;
stock in trade,
MethoChurches and Schools.
Rev. J. W. Walker, pastor
Baptist, Rev. Mr. Whittemore, pasThere are fourteen schools.
tor.
Average length of schools for the
year, sixteen weeks.
dist,
Bow was
Settlement.
granted by the authorities of New-
Hampshire, to Jonathan Wiggin
and others, in 1727, and was originally nine miles square, and covered nearly
all
the territory grant-
ed to Ebenezer Eastman and others, by the authorities of Massachusetts, two years previous, under the name of Pennacook (now
Concord.) Massachusetts pretended to hold authority over a large
portion of the territory of New-
Hampshire
final
for
many
years,
till
the
boundary line was estab-
lished, in 1741, giving
New-Hamp-
more territory than it had
ever claimed. These complicated
lines of the two towns coming
from two pretended authorities,
were not settled decisively, till
after the final separtion of the two
States, and, as might be expected, the government of New-Hampshire gave Bow the preference in
its grant of 1727, and did not recognize the title of the Pennacook
grantees, and in the bill, giving a
charter for the parish of Concord,
it was worded as " taking a part
of the town of Bow," &c. Although Concord was granted and
surveyed before Bow, its final orshire
still
it.
it
two-thirds of
cord,
its
was obliged
its
original title
to yield over
territory to
Con-
Pembroke and Hopkinton,
establishing their final boundary
lines at different times,
from 1759
to 1765.
$10,300.
First
after
First Minister.
A Baptist church
was organized in 1795; the Rev.
Benjamin Sargent was ordained as
pastor in 1797, resigned in 1801.
Boundaries. North by Concord,
East by Merrimack River, which
separates it from Pembroke, south
by Dunbarton, and west by HopArea
kinton. Area, 16,000 acres
its
;
of improved land, 8,101 acres.
Seven miles south
Distances.
from Concord.
Concord
Railroad.
passes along
its
Railroad
eastern border.
BRADFORD.
Merrimack
County.
Many
parts of Bradford are hilly, but
quite a portion of it lies in a valley
about three miles wide. There are
many good
farms, which yield a
good return to the farmer for his
labor. At Bradford Mills there is
There
a pleasant, busy village.
are two churches, a school house,
several stores, two hotels, and offices of various kinds. The Presby
village.
a fine building, pleasantnear the centre of the
It is becoming quite a
summer
resort for tourists.
House
is
ly located
Brad-
ford Springs, three miles from the
railroad
depot,
is
noted for
its
much
vis-
healing qualities, and
ited
is
by invalids, and lovers of
pleasure and recreation.
Ponds and Rivers. Todd's Pond,
Newbury,
is the largest body of water in
lying in Bradford and
�BRENTWOOD.
There are several floating
which are
town.
islands in this pond,
considered objects of
forms
outlet
Its
curiosity.
the
northern
Branch of Warner River.
Pleas-
Bradford Bond, lies in the
This Pond is studded
with numerous small islands,
which with the rugged descent of
the eastern bank, and the dwelant, or
east part.
and varigated fields on the
western shore, present, in the
summer season, a wild and charming scenery. Warner River is the
principal stream, and affords many
lings
excellent mill privileges.
Farming is the
employment of the peo970,000 feet of boards, &c,
Employments.
It
75
was incorporated September 27,
and included a part of Wash-
1787,
ington.
Mrst Minister. The CongregaChurch was organized in
1803.
Rev. Lemuel Bliss, first
tional
minister, ordained in March, 1805,
died in 1814.
Boundaries. Bounded north by
Newbury and
Sutton, east by
ton.
Area, 19,000 acres.
Twenty-eight miles
north from Concord; thirty-four
north-westerly from Amherst.
Bradford is situRailroads.
Distances.
Concord
principal
ated
on the
ple.
mont
Railroad.
130,000 shingles are annually
produced. 6,500 pounds of maple
sugar is annually manufactured.
(See tables.)
Agricultural proResources.
and
ducts, $106,484;
$9,000; stocks,
mechanical labor,
and .money at in-
banks,
$59,869;
stock
from
Summer
$21,200;
in
the soil
000
and
Chtirches
Schools.
Baptist,
Rev. E. Pepper, pastor; CongreThere are
gational, no pastor.
twelve school districts and thirAverage
teen schools in town.
length of schools for the year, sixteen weeks.
Library.
The Bradford Social
commenced op-
Library has just
erations.
Hotels.
Presby House, at Brad-
ford village, Spring Hotel, at Brad-
ford Springs.
First Settlement.
first settled
in 1771,
Bradford was
by Dea. Wil-
liam Presbury and family, consistins:
Rockingham
surface of this
neither
tourists,
of his wife and ten children.
Clare-
BRENTWOOD.
trade,
$6,000; professional business, $15,
&
Daily stages be-
tween Bradford, Sutton, and New
London, connect with trains to
and from Boston.
savings
terest, $27,180; deposits in
War-
by Henniker and Hillsborough, and West by Washing-
ner, south
is it
The
County.
town is not rough,
very level.
Much
of
of a good quality and
well adapted to grass and grain.
There are many fine farms under a
is
high state of cultivation, producing
excellent crops of corn and other
farm produce, which finds a good
market at Exeter or Epping. The
county farm is located here, which
proves that the land in Brentwood
is of a superior quality, and can be
obtained at market rates.
Exeter River flows
Streams.
through the entire length on the
southerly side of the town. Little
River and Deer Hill River run
within the limits of this town.
The water power is considerable
and is generally improved. At
Pickpocket there is a paper mill,
saw mill and
Minerals.
grist mill.
Iron ore has in con-
�NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER.
76
siderable quantities, been discov-
Distances.
some localities; vitriol
combined in masses of sulphur has
from Exeter.
also been found.
ter
Employments. Agriculture is the
principal vocation of the inhabi-
jected line of railroad from Salis-
tants, but considerable manufacturing of various kinds is carried
bury to Epping is built, it will pass
through a portion of this town.
ered
on.
in
Wrapping paper
ue of $ 40,000
tured,
is
Railroads.
station
Maine
to the val-
$
10,000,
miles
Four miles, to Exeon the Boston and
When
railroad.
the pro-
Grafton County.
200,000
The soil of
well adapted to grazing
excelled by very few towns
this
town
dimension timber sawed, valued at
and
is
$ 9,400, besides
in the county, in this respect.
shingles, 730,000 feet of boards
and
carriages, wheels,
west
BiUDGEWAXElC,
annually manufac-
leather,
Four
is
Good
boxes, sale boots and shoes &c.
Total value of goods annually man-
crops of corn, oats and potatoes are
produced. The west part of the
ufactured $ 124,000. (See tables.)
Resources. Agricultural produc-
town
$
$ 26,500
tions,
100,472;
;
mechanical labor,
stocks and
money
at in-
$7,500; deposits in savings
banks, $45,740; stock in trade,
terst,
$
10,275.
Churches and Sclwols. Baptist,
Rev. C. D. Sweet, pastor; Congregational, Rev. W. C. Jackson, pastor.
There are
four
schools;
average length for the year, twenty-two weeks.
First Settlement.
Brentwood
was formerly a part of Exeter,
and Avas disannexed from it, and
formed into a separate town, June
26, 1742.
The early history of Exeter is the history of this town up
to its incorporation.
In
1775, it
had 1,100 inhabitants or over one
hundred more than it had in 1870.
First Ministers.
Rev. NathanTrask, Congregational, ordained
in 1752, died in 1789.
Samuel
Shephard, ordained in 1775, died
in 1816.
iel
Boundaries. North by Epping,
by Exeter, south by East
Kingston and Kingston, and west
east
by Fremont. Area 10,465 area of
improved land, 7,063 acres.
;
is watered
by Newfound
Lake, and the east part by Pemigewasset river. There are no riv-
ponds of any note.
Employments. The inhabitants
are mostly engaged in farming.
120,000 feet of lumber is annually
produced, and 5,000 pounds of
maple sugar are annually made.
ers or
Agricultural prod-
Resources.
ucts,
$
$ 56,268
1,550;
mechanical labor,
stock and
money
at inter-
stock in trade, $ 600
deposits in savings banks, $24,207.
est,
$
;
5,775
;
Churches and Schools.
There
are three churches, Congregational,
Freewill Baptist and Union
churches; eleven school districts
and nine schools; average length
of school for the year, fourteen
weeks.
First Settlers.
inally included
Bridgewater origall
the tract of
Bridgewater Hill and Bristol. It
was first settled in 1776, by ThomIncorporated,
as Crawford, Esq.
February 12, 1788.
North by PlyBoundaries.
mouth and Hebron, east by Pemigewasset river, which separates
from Holderness and New
it
Hampton, south by Bristol, and
�77
BRISTOL.
divides the
west by Newfound Lake, which
town from Alexandria.
Newfound
Lakes and Hirers.
Lake about seven miles long and
Improved
three wide, lies partly in Bristol
land, 7,878 acres.
Thirty miles north
from Concord, and about seven
Distances.
south-east from Plymouth.
Railroads. From the centre of
the town to Bridgewater station, on
the Montreal railroad is four miles.
surface
and in some instances the
hills are broken and rugged, presenting to the view a charming
and romantic landscape. The soil
is generally very good, and when
well cultivated, produces excellent
crops. There is a fine manufachilly
turing village in Bristol, which at
present is growing very rapidly.
There are thirty or more manufactories of various kinds in this village. There are 20,000 pounds of
axles annually manufactured two
straw board mills produce 490 tons
of straw board, one paper mill an;
nually manufactures 400 tons of
manilla paper, and there are two
woolen mills. There are annually manufactured 1,493 dozen buck
gloves, valued at $31,600; 11,900
glove leather skins tanned, valued
$ 18,200 14,000 bedsteads, valued at § 33,000 one hose manufactory, sash and blind, and various
other manufactories, too numerous
to be detailed.
There are also
from twenty-five to thirty stores
;
;
all kinds;
a printing office,
Savings Bank, one Hotel, three
of
churches, a High school building,
three Physicians and three Law-
This village is the
terminus of the Franklin and Bris-
yers offices.
tol
Branch
railroad,
Bridgewater and Hewaters are united with
in
Pemigewasset by Newfound
River about two miles long and one
hundred feet wide. Smith's River
which forms the southern bound-
town and
Hill,
unites with the Pemigewasset near
Grafton County. The
at
the
Its
ary between this
BRISTOL.
is
and partly
bron.
which con-
nects with the Northern railroad
at Franklin.
Newfound river.
Newfound and Smith's Rivers af-
the confluence of
water
valuable
ford very
which largely
ileges
assist
priv-
the
enterprising people of Bristol in
their energetic eflbrts in
manufac-
turing.
Plumbago of a supe-
Minerals.
rior quality, has
in this
been discovered
town and
in considerable
quantities.
Employments.
Manufacturing
and mercantile trade are the principal and most lucrative employments of the people. Owing to the
romantic and varied scenery in
many
Bristol,
tourists
spend their
vacations here, and many
families derive a good income
from keeping summer boarders.
There are many good farms in
town and many prosperous farmers.
The annual value of manufactured productions of all kind
summer
is
$ 570,700.
Resources.
ucts,
$
(See table).
Agricultural prod-
$ 63,690
;
mechanical labor,
and money at in-
107,700; stocks
terest,
$
13,800
deposits in sav-
;
professional
ings banks, $ 37,470
stock in trade,
services, $ 15,000
;
;
$ 48,700;
from summer
tourists,
$6,000, (estimate).
CongreKetchum, paschurch valua-
Churches and Schools.
gational, Rev. Silas
tor ;
members
124
tion,
$
Methodist, Rev. G.
13,000
;
;
�NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER.
78
W.
Norris,
pastor;
number
;
;
J. Abbott, pastor
;
church valuation, $
members
10,000.
90
There
are nine school districts and twelve
schools in town; average length
of schools for the year, twenty
weeks amount of money annually appropriated for school pur;
In Bristol village
a graded school with a
building costing $ 12,000. There
are four school teachers and two
hundred and twenty-five scholars
poses, $ 1798.33.
there
is
in this building.
Libraries.
Rev. Silas Ketcham
(private), 4,000 books,
and
BROOKFIELD.
of
members, 306 church valuation,
$ 18,000 Freewill Baptist, Rev. G.
2,000
Carroll County.
this
town
produces
is
soil
fertile,
of
and
crops of corn, hay,
full
&c, when properly
cultivated.
Pavers and Ponds.
Salmon
The
deep and
Falls River has
On
\
A branch of
its
source
stream
are several valuable water privileges
which are unoccupied.
Cook's Pond is the largest body of
water in town, and is the only
pond of note, excepting a small
pond, covering about fifteen acres,
situated directly on the top of
Moose Mountain.
Employments. Agriculture is the
in Cook's Pond.
chief
this
employment of the people.
lumber is annually
pamphlets; F. H. Bartlett, 900 volumes.
Hotel. Bristol House, valued at
600,000 feet of
$25,000.
soil,
Bank.
Bristol Savings
Bank.
(See tables.)
Bristol
was
taken from Bridgewater and New
Chester (now Hill) and Incorporated June 24, 1819. Colonel Peter
Sleeper,
Productions of the
Resources.
$37,057; mechanical labor,
$3,000; stocks and money at interest, $4,740; stock in trade, $2,
First Settlements.
others
sawed.
400;
deposits
in
savings
bank,
$20,395.
Emmons and
Churches and Schools. Freewill
Methodist and Advent
denominations. There are seven
commenced a settlement
school districts and five schools.
Beujamin
here in 1770.
First Church. A Methodist society was incorporated and a
church organized in June, 1818.
Boundaries. North by Bridgewater, east by Pemigewasset River, which separates it from NewHampton, south, by Hill and west
Area 9,000 acres,
by Alexandria
area of improved land, 8,067 acres.
Distances.
Thirty miles north
Baptist,
Average length of schools
First Organization.
was
Brookfield
originally a part of Middleton,
from which
it
was taken and
Durham and Wolfe-
and west by
borough.
Railroads.
Bristol Branch of
the Northern railroad has its terminus here. New-Hampshire Cen-
Forty-five
Distances.
north-east from Concord.
when
through Bristol.
built, will
pass
in-
corporated in 1794. Nicholas Austin first settled here a few years
before the town was incorporated.
North by WolfeBoundaries.
borough and Wakefield, east by
Wakefield, south by Middleton,
from Concord, and sixteen south
from Plymouth..
tral railroad,
for the
year, fourteen weeks.
miles
The Wolfeborough
Railroad.
Branch Railroad passes through
this
town.
�BROOKLINE
— CAMBRIDGE.
BROOKLINE.
79
There are two churches and four
Brookline House.
This town
formerly belonged to Massachusetts and was included in the
Dunstable grant. It was incorporated, March, 1769, under the name
of Raby but in 1778, by a legislative act, it received its present
stores.
name.
Hotel.
Hillsborough County. The
soil, in some portions of this town,
good, Mini yields fine crops, while
parts it requires great
care in cultivating ,for the farmer
is
in other
to get a fair return for his labor.
Rivers and Ponds.
Nisitissit is
the only river in this town, and
takes its rise in the north-east part
of Mason, and runs in a southerly
direction to Potanipo Pond. From
this pond it runs through the south-
west corner of Hollis,
into
the
town of Pepperell, Mass., where
Poit joins the Nashua river.
tanipo, or Tanipus Pond,
is
situ-
ated near the center of the town.
Employments. The vocations of
the people in Brookline are nearly
First
Settlement.
;
First
Rev. Lemuel
ordained in 1797;
Minister.
Wardsworth,
died in 1817.
Boundaries. North by Milford,
east by Hollis, south by Townsend
and Pepperill, Mass, and west by
Mason. Area, 12,664 acres. Area
of improved land, 1,819 acres.
Distances.
Seven miles southwest from Amherst, eight west
from Nashua, and forty south from
Concord.
Railroads.
By
daily
express
equally divided between farming
and manufacturing. The value of
train to Pepperell station, Mass.,
furniture, annually manufactured,
Nashua Railroad.
When completed,
the Lyndeborough and
is $26,300; 78,000 cask?, valued at
$30,000; 1,600,000 feet of lumber
sawed, valued at $22,000; besides
seven miles, on the Worcester and
Brookline
Railroad
through this town.
will
pass
various other small manufactories.
(See tables.)
Resources. Annual productions
of the soil, $26,077; from mechan-
Coos County. The surface of
this town is uneven, but a large
labor, $38,000; deposits in
savings banks, $ 60,786 money at
portion of it is covered with a
dense, heavy growth of wood.
ical
;
interest,
$10,900; stock in trade,
$26,480.
Churches and Schools.
members,
The
soil is good and a large pormight be easily cultivated.
The town is well watered by
branches of Androscoggin River,
many of which have their rise
here. Part of Lake Umbagog is
in this town. There are but few
inhabitants in town, and they are
principally engaged in agriculture.
The annual value of agricultural
tion
Congre-
gational, Rev. F. S. Sargent, pastor,
CAMBRIDGE.
65,
church value,
$3,500; Methodist, Rev. William
E. Bennett, pastor, members, 37,
church value, $3,000. There are
seven school districts, and eight
schools in town. Average length
of schools for the year, thirteen
weeks.
Library.
Brookline
Young
Men's Library, 430 volumes.
products is $3,490; total valuation of the town $33,106.
Boundaries.
North by Erroll
and Umbagog Lake, east by the
�NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER.
80
State of Maine, south by Success
and Milan, and west by Dummer.
Area, 23,160 acres.
Granted to Naand others, in 1793.
Distances.
One hundred and
forty-three miles north-east from
Concord, and thirty-five northeast from Lancaster.
First Settlers.
thaniel Rogers
CAMPTON.
Grafton County. The surface
of Campton is uneven, having several mountainous tracts. The soil
very good, and
produces fine crops of corn, oats,
potatoes, and hay. The high lands
in the valleys
is
The
are excellent for grazing.
forests are mostly deciduous, but
there are some pine, spruce and
hemlock. Campton is quite noted
manufacturing of maple
Some years 50,000 pounds
are made.
Rivers.
Pemigewasset River
runs north and south nearly
through the centre of the town,
and receives the waters of Mad,
Beebe and Bog Brook on the
east, and West Branch on the
west. Livermore's Falls, in Pemigewasset River, near the south
part of the town, present appearances of an interesting character
The formation of
for naturalists.
the rocks in the bed of the river,
for the
sugar.
at this point, bears conclusive evi-
dence of a volcanic eruption in
some age far in the past.
Mountains. Mount Prospect situated in the southerly part, and
the Morgan mountain range in the
easterly part, are the most noted
elevations in this town. From the
summit of Mount Prospect, a delightful view of Winnipiseogee
lake is obtained, as well as a large
portion of the southern part of the
The distance from its summit to the depot at Plymouth, on
the Boston, Concord, and MonState.
Railroad,
treal
four
is
miles.
There are but few positions from
whence so fine a view of the lake
and the surrounding country can
be had, and it is worthy of a visit
from all lovers of fine natural
scenery.
Employments. The inhabitants
are chiefly engaged in agriculture.
It produces more maple sugar than
any other town in the county.
500,000 feet of lumber are annually
sawed, and considerable business
is done in the manufacture of sale
Many thousand pairs
clothing.
of pants are annually made.
Agricultural
Resources.
pro-
mechanical labor,
$12,000, stocks and money at Interducts, §143,272;
est,
$7,266;
banks,
deposits
$23,546;
From summer
$10,629;
savings
in
stock
in
trade,
tourists,
$10,000.
Churclies
gational,
pastor
;
and
Rev.
Baptist,
fohools.
Congre-
Quimby Blakely
Rev. Mr. Tolman
Freewill Baptist, Rev.
Francis Morrison, pastor. There
are fourteen schools in town.
Average length of schools for the
year, fifteen weeks.
First Minister.
Rev. Selden
Church (Cong.), ordained in 1774,
dismissed in 1792.
Rev. John
pastor;
Webber,
settled in 1812, dismissed
in 1815.
First
Settlers.
Campton and
Rumney were
included in the
same grant to Captain Jabez Spencer, of East Haddam, Connecticut,
but his death occurred before any
settlement was made, and his
heirs and others obtained a new
charter in 1767.
Two families,
named Fox and Taylor
first set-
�CANAAN.
When
tied here, in 1765.
the pro-
two townof Campton and Itumney,
81
of Orange, and a good share from
prietors surveyed the
Dorchester and Groton comes to
ships
this place.
they built their
limits,
and from
camp within
this fact the
its
town
derived its present name. Campton
furnished her full quota in the war
of Independence, and five of her
townsmen yielded up their lives
to gain our liberties,
and
thirty
is
one
At West Canaan there
store,
sive business.
railroads,
mart
doing a very extenBefore the days of
Canaan
Street
was the
for trade of a large surround-
ing country, being situated on the
turnpike, over which the stages
and big teams used to pass, but the
West
sacrificed their lives in the late
thriving villages of East and
Rebellion, to maintain those liber-
Canaan, and Enfield, have secured
much of its former prestige. It is
a very pleasant village about two
miles from East Canaan station,
and a desirable location for any
one to reside in. It is on the bor-
ties,
bought by the blood of their
forefathers.
Hotels.
Sanborn House, and
Seymore House.
Boundaries.
Bounded north
by Thornton, east by Sandwich,
south by Holderness and Plymouth, and west by Rumney.
Area, 27,892 acres.
Distances.
Fifty
miles
north
from Concord, and fourteen from
Plymouth.
Railroads. By stage daily, from
Campton Centre to Plymouth Station, six miles, on the Boston,
Concord, and Montreal Railroad.
CANAAN.
Grafton County. The surface
of Canaan is more even than several of the adjacent towns.
The
soil is generally deep and fertile,
producing excellent crops. There
are four small villages in the town,
Canaan Street, East and West
Canaan, and Factory Village.
East Canaan, on the Northern
Railroad, is the business centre for
a large area of the surrounding
country, and is an active village.
There are four stores, three milliner's and dealers in fancy goods,
one hotel, three church edifices,
a newspaper and printing office,
besides various kinds of manufactories, offices, &c.
All the trade
ders of a beautiful lake, and consists of a single straight street, a
mile in length, lined on both sides
by magnificent shade trees, while
the residences are neat and tasty.
The town house, academy, two
churches and two stores are locaA mile beyond this is
Factory Village, also a lively place,
containing one store, and several
manufactories.
ted here.
Mascoma
River, which rises in
the north-west part of Dorchester,
winds through
some of the
this
town, affording
finest privileges in the
State, but very few of which are
improved. The principal ponds in
this town are the Heart, Goose,
Clarke, Mud and Bear Ponds.
Heart Pond, so called from its
peculiar form, is situated near
Canaan street, upon a swell of land
so elevated that at a distance, it
presents the appearance of a small
lake on a hill. There is an appar-
ently artificial
embankment nearly
around the pond, from four to five
feet high; but from frequent observations, it is found to have been
produced by the drifting of the ice
when breaking up in the Spring.
�NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER.
82
The pond
is
500 rods in length,
and
The
largest portion of the peo-
ple are engaged in
agriculture;
although all vocations of industry
are pursued, which are usually
found in a New England village.
There are also several exten-
engaged in the lumbering
business, and 25,000 clapboards,
2,250,000 shingles and 3,550,000
sively
feet of boards,
&c,
are annually
sawed; 15,000 bushels of grain
ground, besides straw-board and
various other manufactures. The
total value of goods of all kinds,
annually manufactured is $124,900.
(See tables).
Agricultural productions, $119,
mechanical labor,
520;
money
its
$35,800;
deposstock
professional bus-
at interest, $28,050
;
in savings banks, $48,614
in trade, $34,900
;
;
iness, $10,000.
Churches and Schools. Baptist,
Methodist, Rev. Morey
Bean, pastor; Methodist at East
Canaan, Rev. S. C. Farnham, pastor.
There are twenty school dis-
no pastor
Canaan,
The
200 in width.
;
first
Connecticut, in
1761.
settlement was in the
winter of 1776, by John Scofield.
brought all the property he
possessed on a hand-sled, a distance
of fourteen miles.
George and
Joshua Norris, Samuel Jones,
He
Samuel Meacham, and Thomas
Miner came soon after. Jonathan
Dustin, a native of Haverhill, Massachusetts, died here, July
aged 96 years.
He was
4,
1812,
grandson
intrepid Hannah Dustin,
who slew ten Indians on an Island
near the mouth of the Contoocook
to the
river, in 1697, to regain
so ruthlessly taken
her liberty
from her by the
savages.
A
was organized
town in 1780. Many difficulties were encountered and considerable opposition was manifestBaptist church
in this
ed in establishing this church. In
1783, Rev. Thomas Baldwin, D.D.,
was ordained and settled over it,
and remained until
removed to Boston.
1790,
when he
and twenty-two schools in
town; average length of schools
for the year, seventeen weeks;
Dr. Baldwin
frequently visited Concord, on foot,
through the wilderness.
It was
on one of these solitary walks, in his
meditation on the unity of God's
people, if they faithfully followed
amount of money annually
His word, that he composed the
propriated
miliar and beautiful stanzas com-
tricts
;
for
school
appurposes,
mencing with
$2,331.16.
Literary Institution, &c. Canaan
Tnion Academy, Herbert F. Nor-
There is, at East
Library Association,
owning a Library of some 400 volumes, to which an addition of nearly 100 volumes is now annually
ris,
Principal.
Canaan, a
made.
Hotel.
is
the
fa-
The only Hotel
Union Hotel
at East
in
town
Canaan.
First Settlers.
This town was
granted to sixty-two persons (all
of whom except ten were) from
"From whence
doth this union arise?"
Boundaries. North by Dorchester, east by Orange, south by Enfield, and west by Hanover.
Area
of improved land 20,403 #cres.
Distances.
Forty miles northwest from Concord, and twentyfive south of Haverhill
Railroad.
Northern (N. H.)
railroad passes through the southern part of the town. " Canaan"
and " West Canaan" are the staMail stage from West
tions.
�CANDIA
— CANTERBURY.
88
Rumney, Tuesdays and Saturdays
to Canaan Street and Factory Vil-
stock in trade, $9,200
business, $10,000.
lage, daily.
David McCandia in 1743
or 174-1, and William Turner,
John Sargent and others, came
The
County.
Candia is hard of cultivabut through the energy and
Rockingham
came
to
soil of
here in 1748.
tion,
called Charmintjrf'are
industry of the inhabitants, they
get a good return for their labor.
The site of the town
elevated and commands an extensive view of the rich scenery
of the adjacent country for many
miles around, including the White
Scenery.
is
the Wachusetts, the lights
on Plum Island, and the ocean.
Two branches of the
Rivers.
Lamprey River take their rise in
this town, and afford some water
power, which is generally imhills,
proved.
Farming is the
employment of the in-
Employments.
many excelfrom which much pro-
habitants, there being
lent farms,
duce
raised
is
market in the
which
finds a ready
Manchester.
manufacturing is
carried on, there being nearly two
hundred males and females employed in the various manufactories in town.
Many are engaged
in making men and women's
boots and shoes, there being over
300,000 pairs manufactured annucity of
Considerable
ally,
for
which the workmen
re-
ceive for their labor, nearly $60,000.
Five thousand cases of stock are
brought from out of the State,
all
prepared to be made into
shoes.
Resources. Annual productions
of the soil, valued at $117,413; annual value of mechanical labor,
$60,200
;
professional
First Settlements.
Clure
CANDIA.
principal
;
deposits in savings banks,
$128,288; value of stocks, bonds,
and money at
interest,
$7,500;
It
was
;
formei'ly
the
first vis-
being so well pleased with its
site, as a place of residence.
The
town received its present name in
itors
compliment to Governor Benning
Wentworth, who was once a prisoner on the island of Candia, in
the Mediteranean Sea.
First Miivisters.
Rev. David
Jewett settled in 1771
removed
in 1780. Rev Joseph Prince, ordained in 1782; removed in 1789
Rev. Jesse Remington, ordained
;
died in 1815.
Boundaries.
North by Deerfield, east by Raymond, south by
in 1790
;
Auburn and
Chester, and west by
Area, 17,743 acres.
Distances. Eighteen miles southeast from Concord, and about thirty miles west from Portsmouth.
The Concord and
Railroad.
Portsmouth Railroad.
Hooksett.
CANTERBURY.
Merrimack County. There are
some very fine
the Merrimack
interval farms on
river, but further
back from the river the town is
uneven, the more hilly parts afford-
The soil is
ing fine pasturage.
generally good, and produces fine
crops of corn, oats, potatoes, and
hay. Much attention, for the past
few years, has been given to agriand some of the best pracfarmers and producing farms
in the State, are to be found in
Canterbury.
Hills.
There is a high ridge of
land extending along the line beculture,
tical
�NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER.
84
tween
which
this
town and
affords a tine
Northfield,
view of the
surrounding country.
Ponds and Streams. There are
several ponds in town, which give
rise to small streams, furnishing
some good mill sites.
Shah rs. In the south-east part
of Canterbury, is the neat and
quiet, though busy, village of the
Shakers, a sect of Christians
known
in this
first
Country about the
year 1774, when the founder, Ann
Lee, came to New York from Liverpool.
The covcnantal relation of the
was established in 1792,
society
from which covenant we extract
the following article, showing
briefly their religious
Article Four.
conscientiously
obligations.
We solemnly
and
devote
dedicate,
and give up ourselves and services,
together with all our temporal interest, to God and his people, to
be under the care and direction of
such elders, deacons or trustees as
have been, or may hereafter be established in the Church, according
to the first article of this covenant.
They subscribe
to
no sectarian
creed, but believe that as
many
as
are led by the spirit of God, will
become the children of God. The
foundation upon which they build
their faith
is
Separation from the world.
2nd, Confession of sin.
1st,
United inheritance.
4th, A virgin or pure life.
Shaker Village is situated about
twelve miles north-east from the
city of Concord.
It is built on a
high elevation of land, and com3d,
mands an extensive view
of the
surrounding country, being 440
feet higher than the ground at
the State House in Concord.
We learn from
the State Geolog-
by Dr. Charles
T. Jackson, that the latitude of
the village, by meridional altitude
of the Sun, is north 43 deg. 21 min.
ical report of 1841,
21 sec.
In the society there are
hundred and
fifty
central executive
now one
members.
The
vested in the
order of ministry, consisting of
two brethren and two sisters,
while the direct spiritual charge
of each family, however, is under
the direction of an order of Elders,
two of each sex.
Besides the various dwellings,
work-shops, barns, &c, they have
two offices or dwellings for the reception of all company not of the
order,
who
visit
is
them on business,
or to see their friends.
The meet-
ing-house, belonging to the order,
was
its
and
built in 1792,
still
retains
primitive form.
Their school
and directed
as
is
as well furnished
any
in the
town.
They own some 2,500 acres of
land, most of which is situated
near the village.
The soil, is
largely composed of Granite, is
very poor, and being abundantly
and covered with ledges and
bowlders, proves very hard for tillage. They have, however, by untiring industry and care, been able
to bring a large tract of land under excellent cultivation, so that
filled
and harrows
break their land, while the hay
the best of plows
of 300 tons or
secured by the first class
mowing machines, hay tedders,
and horse rakes, that are found in
the market.
Their largest barn is 240 feet
long, and 45 feet wide. They keep
not far from one hundred head of
cattle, a team of ten yoke of workcrop,
consisting
more,
is
�CANTERBURY.
ing oxen, fourteen horses, one
hundred and fifty sheep, three
hundred hens, and four hogs. The
Shakers, throughout the United
States, by universal consent, abandoned the use of swine's fiesh, in
its every form, as an article of
diet, as early as 1845.
The manufactures
washing machines, adapted to hotels, laundries, &c, a
mangier, consisting of a box and
weighing some
appurtenances,
1,500 pounds, for the ironing of
Both of the above are
clothes.
operated by steam. Corbett's Syrup of Sarsaparilla, bearing an
unquestionable reputation of forty
years corn brooms and brushes,
;
yarn,
and knit goods, stocking
pure oil of Wintergreen,
maple syrup, and tubs, are also
mads by them.
They have several maple orchards, from wiiich they obtain some
three or four thousand pounds of
sugar.
The assessed value
real estate
is
of their
thirty-one thousand
and their State, County,
town, and school tax, for 1672,
dollars;
was
SI, 103.58.
Eight artificial ponds or reservoirs arranged in one continuous
line, the first being placed some
three miles north of the village,
cnnipose the water power. The
mil!.-, situated on these ponds, are
lor carding and spinning wool,
weaving and coloring and dressing
cloth, grinding of grain for flour
and meal, sawing of timber and
wood, for the manufacture of tubs,
pails, broom handles, and for the
turning of wood and iron, &c, &c.
The water which supplies the
village, is
from mechanS G,000 money at inter-
of the" soil, $ 172,403
ical labor,
est,
;
;
S 9,450; deposits in savings
S 50,418; from summer
banks,
tourists, §5,000.
Churches and Schools. There are
Congrrgachurches viz.
tional, James Doldt, Pastor Free
Will Baptist, Jeremiah Clough,
Pastor; and the Shaker Church.
There are eleven schools in town.
Average length of schools for the
year, twenty weeks.
First Settlers.
This town was
granted to Richard Waldron and
others in 1727. Like many of our
three
;
consist of a
series of
flannel
85
brought in an aqueduct,
a distance of nearly a mile.
Resources. Annual productions
early settlements, the inhabitants
were exposed
Indians.
to the inroads of the
A great number of horrid
murders were committed.
number
of
years,
the
For a
pioneer
cleared and tilled his land, under
the protection of a guard, while
pursuing his daily toil, uncertain
whether the seed he sowed, might
not be dampened by his blood, or
that of an enemy.
In 1738, two
men, by the names of Blanehard
and Shepherd, were ambushed, but
through determined resistance,
Shepherd succeeded in making his
escape, but Blanehard was killed.
First Ministers. Rev. Abiel Foster, ordained in 1761, dismissed in
1770. Mr. Foster, in a great degr«
possessed the confidence of the
people. He held several responsible
offices in town, and in 1783 was
elected to Congress. He was successively returned to Congress for
nearly all the time, until 1804. He
died in 1806. Rev. Frederick Parker ordained in 1791, died in 1802.
Boundaries. North-east by Bel-
mont and Gilmanton, east by Gilmanton and Loudon, south by
Loudon and Concord, west by
Merrimack river, which separates
�NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER.
86
it
from Boscawen, and north by
Area, 26,345 acres.
Eight miles north
Distances.
from Concord. Railroad, Boston,
Concord and Montreal.
Northfield.
This town
lies
at the north-western base of the
White Mountains. Its surface presents a rugged and mountainous
appearance, and the scenery is
wild and romantic. The soil in
some parts is strong, deep and productive; but the larger portion of
still remains a dense formaple, pine, hemlock and
spruce. Large tracts of this timber
land are owned by Messrs. A. L. &
the
town
est of
G. Brown & Co., engaged in
lumber business, at Whiteheld.
Mountains and Rivers. Pondicherry Mountain is situated in the
north part, between this town and
Jefferson, and is of considerable
W.
the
elevation.
John's and Israel's rivers, have
their rise, in part, in this
town
and the head waters of the Ammonoosuc from the neighboring
mountains, unite and also pass
through here.
Summer
Resorts.
The
wild, pic-
turesque, and
romantic scenery,
which surrounds this town on every
side, has caused it to become a
popular resort for tourists.
A
branch of the Montreal railroad,
called the "Wing road" starts
from Bethlehem and now (1873)
extends six miles to the Twin
Mountain, which is eleven miles
from the base of Mount Washington. This road will be extended
towards Mount Washington next
year. For the accommodation of
travellers,
there
large hotels, viz.,
now three
Twin Mountain
are
erected upon the ashes of the old
Fabyan House, and was opened for
travellers the present season (1873).
is large and commodious, and
no doubt will meet with success.
These three houses will accommodate over seven hundred guests nt
one time. The people are largely
engaged in hotel and lumber busi-
It
CARROLL,.
Coos County.
House, White Mountain House,
and Fabyan. This house has been
ness, although in proportion to the
number
of inhabitants, farming
is
not neglected, compared with the
towns in the county. Lumber to
the value of $ 42,400 is annually
sawed and 100 tons starch, valued
at $8,200 is made.
Resources.
Productions of the
;
$ 35,997 mechanical labor,
§ 13,500 deposits in savings banks,
$ 80 from summer tourists, $ 50,
000; stock in trade, $ 12,357.
Baptist,
Churches and Sclwols.
Royal Berry, pastor. There are four
schools in town, average length
for the year, twenty-one weeks.
soil,
;
;
;
First Settlements.
originally
named
Carroll
was
''Britton Woods"
and was granted to Sir Thomas
Wentworth, Rev. Samuel Langdon
and eighty-one others in 1772. It
was incorporated, under its present
name, June 22, 1832.
Boundaries.
North by Jefferson, east by the White Mountain
territory, south by ungranted land
and west by Bethlehem and White-
Area 24,040 acres; area of
improved land, 2,915 acres.
About one hundred
Distances.
and twenty miles north from Concord, and eighteen south-east from
field.
Lancaster.
Railroads.
Wing
Railroad,
a
branch of the Montreal, extends
Also Brown's
into this town.
lumber railroad, from Whitefield.
�CENTER HARBOR.
CENTER HARBOR.
87
railroad to Concord
Belknap County. The surface
;
thence over
the Boston, Concord and Montreal
of Center Harbor
railroad
the soil
Lake "Winnipiseogee. From thence
is
is uneven, but
very good, mostly a rich
The town is located between Winnipiseogee and Squam
loam.
The
lakes.
little
village
" Center Harbor,"
called
located
is
in
two towns, viz., Moultonborough,
and Center Harbor. The village
is delightfully situated on the bank
of the Winnipiseogee, and is surrounded by some of the finest
scenery in this country. Red hill,
in Moultonborough,
and
is
near this
easy of access from
the Hotels, where horses and carriages are in constant readiness for
village,
the
is
accommodation of
who
all
persons
are desirous of visiting
Red
Hill or the surrounding country.
Steamboats, through the warm
weather, constantly ply between
this town and Weir's Landing, near
the Montreal Railroad, Meredith,
Alton Bay, YVolfeborough, Dimond's Island, and other places of
interest around the lake.
For
delightful scenery and
varied
recreations. Centre Harbor and
its surroundings are not to be excelled by any
of
the
summer
summer
boarders
warm weather
hundred.
resort,
in
The estimated number
the State.
Thousands
who spend
here,
is
six
call at the
various hotels for a dinner, a day,
or a week, who are not included in
this
number.
Travelers, from New York, will
secure a direct route to this place,
by taking the Norwich line of
steamers on Long Island Sound at
5 o'clock P. M. thence over the
;
Norwich and Worcester railroad
Worcester; thence over the
Worcester and Nashua railroad to
Nashua thence over the Concord
to
;
to
Weir's
Landing, on
a delightful steamboat ride on the
lake, of ten miles, brings you to the
Senter, Moulton, and Lake Houses,
and to your journey's end.
Employments. The inhabitants
are generally employed in farming
and keeping summer boarders.
150,000 feet of lumber is annually
sawed, and 15,000 pairs of sale
shoes are made.
Productions of the
§52,325; mechanical labor,
§6,100; stocks and money at interest, $ 3,730
deposits in savings
banks, §4,627; estimated amount
Resources.
soil,
;
from summer
tourists,
§50,000;
stock in trade, § 3,150.
Churches and Schools.
churches,
Congregational
Two
and
Freewill Baptist. There are eight
schools in town; average length
for the year, sixteen weeks.
Library. Y. M. C. A. Library.
Hotels.
Senter House, Moulton
House and Lake House.
First Settlers. The first settlers
were Ebenezer Chamberlain and
Colonel Joseph Senter, who came
from Manchester (then Londonderry) via. the Merrimack river
in 1765. They constructed a boat
of such light material as to be easily transported around the Falls.
In this boat the families embarked
with their provisions, and household goods, and passed up the
river about sixty miles and arrived
at their log cabin on the shore of
the lake, in about the same time it
now takes a steamer to cross the
Atlantic.
The town derived its
name from Colonel Senter, but the
spelling was changed, probably for
its central location on the lake.
�NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER.
88
Minister.
First
Rev.
with the Connecticut about two
miles from the north line, between
David
Smith, Congregationalism settled
here aa pastor, in 1819.
North-east
by
Boundaries.
Moultonborough, south east by
by New
Meredith, south-west
Hampton, and north-west by Holderness and Squam lake. Area,
7,5.30
acres;
improved land,
town and Claremont.
There are two villages
The north village is
in this town.
called North Charlestown, and
this
Villages.
many
ly situated
The main
lages in the State.
and four from Meredith
village on Boston, Concord and
Montreal railroad.
is
center,
quite
broad, and
street
beautifully
shaded with rows of stately elms
on each side, for nearly a mile.
Many of the dwellings are elegant
and of modern architecture, while
others have more of an antique
appearance but all have an exterior impress which shows that
wealth, luxury and prosperity
dwell within. There are several
CHARGES FOW \.
CharlesSullivan County.
town has a river line on the Con-
;
is
considered one of the best farming
towns in the state, there being but
two towns which grow as many
bushels of corn, oats and barley.
The soil of the upland is good, and
many of the farms are under a
fine residences.
Charlestown village is pleasanton a plain, about half a
mile from Connecticut river, and
is one of the most delightful vil-
One hundred and
twelve miles north-west from Boston, forty miles north from Concord and thirteen from Gilford,
Two miles from
Railroads.
necticut of thirteen miles, and
mechanical shops and
eral small
4,422
acres.
Distances.
church, school-house,
contains a
store, post-office, steam-mill, sev-
stores in the village, three hotels,
j
;
|
three church edifices, two large
shoe manufactories with various
other shops, offices, &c. A fine
j
high state of cultivation.
West
of the road leading to Walpole,
theiv are not less than fifteen hundred acres of fine interval land,
of a deep, rich and loamy soil,
suitably adapted to the growth
of nearly all kinds of grass and
Town House was
built in the sea-
an expense of nearly
$20,000. The Connecticut River
National, and Connecticut River
son of
1872, at
Savings Banks are located in this
village.
Employments. The employments
grain.
of
In Connecticut river
are three islands which are within
the limits of this town. Sartwell's
island (the largest,) containing ten
acres, is under a high cultivation.
The others contain about six acres
are nearly equally divided between
each.
of heavy boots and shoes, 6,450
pairs of brogans. 42,422 pairs of la-
Islands.
Rivers.
The town
watered by
Connecticut and Little Sugar rivers.
The latter waters the north
part of Charlestown, and unites
is
the
inhabitants,
agriculture,
at
present,
manufacturing
and
trade; 4000 pounds of tobacco are
annually produced, also 2,566 lbs.
One large shoe manufactory
annually manufactures 32,844 pairs
hops.
dies' fine,
sewed
shoes,
pairs ladies' slippers
valued at $229,878.
;
and
6,000
the whole
One other shoe
�CHARLESTOWN.
firm annually manufacture boots
and shoes to the value of $66,600.
annually sawed, 1,280,000
One cab manufactory (recently burned,) annually
manufactured children's cabs to
the value of .$18,000; 9.500 bushels
of grain is ground, and, besides,
there are various other small
The total value
manufactories.
of goods annually manufactured,
of all kinds, is estimated at $ 357,
There
is
feet lumber.
375.
(See tables.)
Productions of the
89
Eagle Hotel, Cheshire
Hotels.
Bridge House, and Connecticut
River House.
First Settlers. Charlestown was
granted by Massachusetts to sixty-three persons under the name
of " Number Four," December 31,
1735.
Several families by the
names of Parker, Farnsworth and
Sartwell, from Groton, Hastings
from Luningburg, Massachusetts,
and Stevens from Rutland were
the
first settlers.
The
first
child
$195,157; deposits in sav-
born in Charlestown was Elizabeth, the daughter of Isaac Parker. She was born in 1744, and
died in 1806. For many years af-
ings banks, $121,604 stock in trade,
ter the first settlement the inhabi-
from summer tourists,
Many tourists spend their
tants suffered severely by Indian
Resources.
soil,
$152,188;
mechanical labor,
and money at in-
$143,600; stocks
terest,
;
$86,675;
$ 10,000.
summer
vacation in this pleasant
town, and it is quite a source of
revenue to the inhabitants. Professional business, $20,000.
Churches and Schools. Episcopal,
Rev. Francis Chase, Rector; numchurch
ber of communicants, 45
valuation, $6,000. Unitarian, Rev.
Eugene DeNorrnandie, pastor
number of members, 65 church
;
;
value, $6,500.
Congregationalist,
Rev. H. H. Saunderson, pastor;
number of members, 24; church
value, $4,500. Methodist, Rev. A.
L.
Kendall, pastor;
number of
members, 70 church value, $2,500.
There are fifteen schools in town,
four of which are graded. Aver;
age length of schools for the year,
seventeen weeks. Total amount
of money annually appropriated
for school purposes, $2,436.
Banks. Connecticut River NaBank, and Connecticut River Savings Bank.
Libraries. Charlestown Social
George
Library, 1500 volumes.
tional
Olcott, Esq., private library, 1200.
incursions.
In the spring of
1746,
and
Stephen Farnsworth were taken
prisoners and carried to Canada.
In May following Seth Putnam
was surprised and killed; a few
days after, Captain Paine, with a
John
Spafford, Isaac Parker
party of men, was attacked, when
Captain Phineas Stevens came to
his assistance and a sharp skir-
mish ensued. Five men were killed on each side and one white man
taken prisoner. A short time after the Indians made another assault on Captains Stevens and
Brown, when they were defeated,
losing several men, and leaving
their hatchets, spears, guns and
blankets on the ground. Captain
Stevens lost but one man. In August a man by the name of Phillips
was killed and several houses and
barns were burned. In November, 1746, owing to the continuous
attacks of the Indians, the town
deserted, excepting six men
was
who were
fort.
left
in charge of the
We append a few lines of the
most important events with the In-
�NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER.
90
dians,
emy
men who
Capt. Stevens in possession of the
fort.
Capt. Stevens, for his gallantly on this occasion, was pre-
and sketches of some of the
participated in them.
Captain Phineas Stevens was one
The town, in
was protected by his intrepidity.
He was a native of Sudbury, Mass., from whence his father removed to Rutland. At the
age of sixteen, while his father was
making hay, he, with three little
brothers, followed him to the meadows. They were ambushed by the
Indians, who killed two of his
brothers, took him prisoner, and
were preparing to kill his youngest
of the
its
first settlers.
infancy,
brother, a child four
years
old.
He, by signs to the Indians, made
them understand if they would
spare him he would carry him on
his back and he carried him to
Canada.
They were redeemed
and both returned. He received
several commissions from Governor Shirley, and rendered im-
—
portant services in protecting the
frontiers.
In 1747, when Charles-
town was abandoned by the inhabitants he was ordered to occupy
the fort with thirty men. On the
4th of April, he was attacked by
400 French and Indians, under
Mons. Dcbeline. The assault lasted three days.
Indian stratagem
with fire applied
to everything combustible abgut
the fort, had not the desired effect.
The heroic band were not appalled.
and French
skill,
They refused
to
commanders took
Frenchman showed
At
between the
capitulate.
length, an interview
place.
The
his forces,
and
described the horrible massacre
that must ensue unless the fort surrendered. " My men are not afraid
to die," was the answer made by
Capt. Stevens. The attack contined with increased fury until the
end of the third day, when the en-
returned to Canada and
left
sented by Sir Charles Knowles
with an elegant sword and from
this circumstance, the township,
;
when
it was incorporated in 1753,
took the name of Charlestown.
In 1754 the French war began,
and the inhabitants were once more
obliged to resort to the fort for
safety.
From infancy the settlers
had been trained to scenes of hard-
ship and danger
unknown
to their
descendants. When they attended
public worship, or cultivated their
lands, they proceeded forth from
the fort
armed
for battle,
and wor-
shipped or toiled under the protection of a sentinel. In their depredatory excursions, the Indians
preferred prisoners to scalps, and
generally killed but few excepting
those who were likely to escape, or
appeared too formidable to be encountered with success. On the
29th of August, 1754, the Indians,
early in the morning, attacked the
house of James Johnson, who,
with his wife, her sister, three
children and two men, Peter Larabee and Ebenezer Farnsworth,
were taken prisoners. On the second clay of the journey, about fifteen miles from Charlestown, in
the wilderness, Mrs. Johnson was
delivered of a child, who, from the
peculiar circumstances attending
The
its birth, was named Captive.
Indians halted one day on account
of the woman, and on the next
day took up their march, carrying
litter made for that
purpose. During the march, being distressed for the want of provisions, they killed the only horse
they had. and the infant was nour-
her on a
�CHATHAM.
91
ished by sucking pieces of its flesh.
When they arrived at Montreal,
Johnson obtained a parole to return and solicit funds for the re-
ren were taken prisoners. After
they hadproceeded on their journey
demption of his family and himself.
He applied to the assembly
of New-Hampshire, and at length
secured £150 sterling; but the season was so far advanced that he
uneasiness,
a few miles, the Indians, finding
that the infant child gave signs of
and fearing that it
might impede their progress, took
it aside and beat out its brains.
did not return to Canada until
He was then
spring opened.
it is believed, was among the
depredations committed by
the Indians in New England. The
prisoners taken from Charlestown
charged with having broken his
were
parole, a great part of his
money
taken from him by violence and
he was shut up with his family in a
prison, where they took the smallpox but fortunately they all survived. After eighteen months, Mrs.
Johnson, with her sister and two
;
;
daughters, were sent in a cartel
ship to England, and thence re-
turned to Boston.
Johnson was still retained in
prison for three years, and then,
with his son, returned and found
His eldest
in Boston.
daughter was retained in a nunnery in Canada. The daughter born
on the journey, as related, afterwards married Colonel George
Kimball. In 1756, Lieutenant Moses Willard, the father of Mrs.
Johnson, was killed. He was at
work in sight of the fort with his
son Moses. The Indians, having
dispatched his father, pursued the
son, and wounded him with a spear.
his wife
He however made his escape, dragging the spear with him to the fort.
In 1757 the Indians again burned
the mills which had been rebuilt,
and took Sampson Colfax, David
Farnsworth and Thomas Adams
prisoners. In 1758 Ashael Stebbins
was
killed;
and
This,
last
way
conveyed
Canada, by
to
Nearly all were
sooner or later redeemed by government or by their friends.
Charlestown originally included
to the French.
part of Langdon, and
porated July
First
2,
was
incor-
1753.
Ministers.
Rev.
John
Dennis, who, on account of the Indian war, was ordained in Northfield, December 4, 1754; dismissed
Rev. Burkley Olcott, orin 1756.
dained May 28, 1761; died June
Rev. Daniel Foster acted
26, 1792.
as pastor from 1796 to 1809. Rev.
Jaaraniah Crosby ordained October 17, 1810.
Boundaries
North by Claremont, east by Unity, Acworth and
.
Langdon, south by Langdon and
Walpole, -and west by Springfield
and Rockingham, Vermont. Area,
21,400 acres; area of improved
land, 15,654 acres.
Fifty - one
miles
Distances.
west from Concord, and twenty
miles south-west by railroad from
Newport.
Sullivan Railroad
Bail roads.
passes through the western border
of this town.
CHATHAM.
his wife, Is-
aac Parker and a soldier were captured.
In September, 1760, Joseph Willard, his wife and child-
all
of Lake Champlain, and sold
Cakroll County. The
surface
town is broken and mountainous and three-fourths of the
of this
�NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER.
92
area is covered by a heavy growth
of timber, consisting of the various
kinds of hard wood, hemlock,
Much of
spruce, and some pine.
the soft wood is being cut and
floated down the Saco River, while
the heavy growth of hard wood,
at some day not far distant, will
yield a rich reward to some of the
enterprising
men of the
State,
who
always look at the main chance.
The soil on the streams and upland
Apples
is strong and productive.
are
successfully
grown
in
this
town, and several other kinds of
There are some very fine
fruit.
farms under a high state of cultivation.
Mountains.
rises so high
Carter's
between
Mountain
town
this
prevent the
opening of a highway, and the
people of the respective towns, in
and Jackson
as to
their intercourse, are obliged to
pass through a portion of Maine.
Kiarsarge, in the south-west corner of the town, has an altitude of
Upon the summit of
3,400 feet.
this mountain is a commodious
house for the accommodation of
The views from this
mountain are grand and very exvisitors.
In the north- west corner
is Baldface Mountain, 3,600 feet
high. Teams can be driven nearly
to its summit. From the crest of
this mountain the Tip-Top House
on Mount Washington can be
tensive.
seen, also the ocean.
Ponds and Streams.
There are
several ponds in town, the princiis Mountain Pond,
with an area of about one hundred
acres, high among the mountains,
entirely surrounded by the primeval forest. Trout have been taken
from this pond weighing six
pounds.
pal of which
There are several considerable
streams, well stored with trout,
and affording abundant water
power.
Employment.
Agriculture and
lumbering are the principal occupations of the inhabitants. There
is a clothes-pin manufactory which
has just commenced business on
an extensive scale.
Agricultural proResources.
ductions, 865,661;
est,
§1,300;
money
at inter-
mechanical labor,
$3,200.
Churches and Schools.
Congre-
gational, Rev. E. B. Pike, pastor;
Methodist, Eliphalet Weeks, minThere are six schools in
ister.
town. Average length of schools
for the year, fourteen
First
Settlers.
granted
to
weeks.
Chatham was
Peter
Livins
and
February 7, 1767.
North by White
Boundaries.
Mountains, east by Maine, south
by Conway, and west by Bartlett
and Jackson. Area, 26,000 acres
improved land, 3,848 acres.
Ninety-two miles
Distances.
north-east from Concord, and forty
north from Ossipee.
others,
Railroads.
Twelve miles by
daily mail to Fryeburg, in Maine,
on the Portland and Ogdensburg
Railroad.
CHESTER.
Rockingham County. Chester
formerly included the present town
Auburn which was set off in
The soil of the larger portion of this town is excellent, and
some of the large ridges are surof
1845.
fertility by but few in the
There are also some very
There are
valuable meadows.
many fine farms under high culti-
passed in
State.
vation.
�CHESTER.
There are several
Streams.
email streams, the largest of which
is a branch of Exeter River, called
the Branch.
Minerals. Plumbago, in considabundance and
93
Charles Tenney, pastor; MethoRev. James Adams, pastor.
There are ten school districts, and
eleven schools. Average length
of schools for the year, seven
dist,
of good
found here. Sulphur is
also found in small quantities.
The prevailing rock is granite and
weeks.
gneiss.
twenty-five cents quarterly.
erable
quality,
is
Employments.
Agriculture
is
employment of the
for a few years past, a
the principal
people
;
but,
few have been extensively engaged in the lumbering business.
There have been annually sawed
1,300,000 feet, valued at $20,300.
Shoe business is an important
branch of industry; J. Underbill
manufactures about 24,000 pairs
valued
at
annually,
830,000.
About 30,000 pairs of shoe stock
are brought from out of the State
to be
made
into shoes, valued at
$37,000.
Hi sources.
ricultural
Annual value of ag-
productions,
$76,604;
value of mechanical labor, $25,
300; stocks, bonds, and money at
.
interest, $17,500; deposits in sav-
ings banks,
trade, $2,800;
ists,
$47,309;
stock
in
from summer tour-
access
The pleasant
town which stands
Resorts.
village in this
on a long street, with beaudwelling houses on either
side, surrounded with spacious,
shaded grounds, has solicited the
attention of the lovers of NewHampshire summer scenery for a
number of years, and it has now
become quite a resort for summer
chiefly
tiful
tourists.
There
Churches and Schools.
are three churches in the town.
Baptist, Joseph Stores, pastor;
Congregational,
200
members,
volumes. People can have
the library by paying
to
First Settlements.
Chester is
considered one of the old towns
of the State. In 1719, about eighty
persons, chiefly from Portsmouth
and Hampton, formed an association, for the purpose of securing a
tract of land in the " Chesnut
Country," (so called) and stationed
three men upon this tract, to hold
possession until they should procure
a lawful title. After considerable
difficulty they obtained a grant of
land, ten miles square.
Immediately the settlement was
commenced by several persons
from Rye and Hampton, among
whom were Samuel Ingalls, Jonathan Goodhue, Jacob Sargent,
Ebenezer Dearborn, Robert Smith,
E. Colby and S. Robie, who contributed largely to the permanent
success of the enterprise.
of May,
On
the
township
which had hitherto been called
Cheshire, was incorporated under
its present name, and comprising
an area of over one hundred and
twenty square miles. If Chester
had retained her original area, she
would have had at the present time
a population of nearly 6,500.
In
8th
$3,000.
Summer
Library. Ladies Library Association, 400
1722
the
1750, the south-west portion of the
town, with a part of Londonderry,
was set off, and forms the present township of Derry. In 1763,
town called Charmwas incorporated by the
that part of the
ingfare,
name
of Candia.
In
1765,
anothei
�NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER.
94
was cut off, and incorporated under the name of Raymond.
In 1822, a portion of Hooksett was
taken from Chester. In 1845, that
portion
portion of the town known as Long
Meadows, was incorporated under
Several
the name of Auburn.
garrison houses were kept in town
until 1749, to guard against Indian
depredations. In June, 1724, they
took
Thomas Smith and John Carr
made their
prisoners, but they soon
escape, and arrived safe at a garrison in Londonderry, in three days
after they were captured.
First
Hale
1730,
Ministers.
Rev.
(Presbyterian,)
removed
Moses
settled
in 1734; Rev.
in
John
Wilson, settled in 1734, died in
1779.
In 1740, a Congregational
church was incorporated, and the
Rev. Ebenezer Flagg was the first
minister; he died in 1796. Rev.
Nathan Bradstreet, was his successor, and so continued until 1818.
Boundaries.
North by Candia
and Raymond, east by Fremont,
south by Sandown and Derry, and
west by Auburn.
Distances.
Seventeen
miles
west from Exeter, and twentythree south-east from Concord.
Railroads. Six miles to Derry
station on Manchester and Law-
rence Railroad, six miles to Hampstead on Nashua and Rochester
R. R.
CHESTERFIELD.
Cheshire County. The western
border of this town is washed by
the Connecticut river for a distance
of six miles. Nearly the whole
space, the hills rise abruptly from
the river-side, affording but very
interval land. But it is considered one of the best farming
towns in the county, the uplands
little
being well adapted to grazing,
and the production of corn, oats,
It has the
barley and potatoes.
reputation of producing more fruit
than any town in the county.
Ponds and Streams. Spafford's
Lake is a beautiful sheet of water
situated in the north part of the
Its waters are remarkably
and pure, its bed being a
white sand. There is a fjeautiful
island in the lake, of an area of
town.
clear
six
acres,
retreat.
affording
On
its
a delightful
east side issues a
stream, called Patridge's Brook,
sufficiently large for a number of
manufactories. Cat's Bane Brook
many good mill sites.
Mountain. West River Mountain
(Wantastiquel) lies partly in this
town and partly in Hinsdale. It
is supposed to have been once sub-
furnishes
ject to a volcanic eruption.
Lava
can
be found near the (supposed)
crater. A trembling motion is often
felt, and a deep rumbling is heard
in the mountain, by those living
near its base. The first settlers,
believing the crater bed to be a
silver mine, made an excavation
of nearly one hundred feet, principally through a solid rock.
Villages.
Chesterfield has three
villages very plasantly situated in
different sections of the town. At
the center there is an academy,
Avhich was opened in 1794. Factory village is a busy place. There
is one store, one hotel, one tannery, two saw mills and one large
bit and auger manufactory.
Employments.
The larger portion of the people are engaged in
farming; but there is considerable manufacturing done in the
town.
The capital invested in
manufactories, is over $40,000,
in
considerable
now
quantities,
�CHICHESTER.
principally
and
bits,
augers
acres; improved land, 19,450 acres.
leather, 5,500
Distances.
Sixty-two
miles
south-west from Concord, and
eleven south-west from Keene.
Railroad. It is eleven miles to
Keene station on the Cheshire
consisting
$50,000;
in
lumber, 910,000 feet wheel
heads, 20,000 annually manufactured, and all valued at $85,000.
Annual value of
Resources.
productions of the soil, $145,200;
mechanical labor, $ 30,200 money
at interest, $20,000;
deposits in
savings banks, $43,413; stock in
trade, $14,000; professional business, $ 10,000
summer tourists,
sides
95
;
;
railroad.
CHICHESTER.
;
Merrimack County.
two other churches with no permanent pastor. There are fifteen
Chichesa good farming town, the
soil, in most parts, being rich,
abundantly repays the cultivator
for his labor. The surplus products
of the farmer find a ready market in Concord, Pittsfield and Suncook. Many farmers in this town
have become quite wealthy by
schools in town, average length
their industry.
;
2,000.
Churches and Schools.
Rev. Noble Fisk,
dist,
Methopastor;
And
Congregationalist, no pastor.
for the year, nineteen
Hotels.
House at Facand Lake House at
the center.
Chesterfield
First Settlers.
was
granted to twelve persons by the
name of Willard and fifty-two oth-
and originally
called "Number One." The first
settlers were Moses Smith and
William Thomas, who, with their
families, came up the Connecticut
ers Februai-y
11,
1752
in canoes, in the fall of 1761.
Their
chief subsistence through the winter
and spring of their
first
is
The east part
town is watered by Suncook
River, which furnishes some good
mill sites, and flows through some
Pinkfield Pond is in
fine interval.
Chichester from which flows a
River and Pond.
weeks.
Spafibrd
tory village,
ter
year in
the wilderness, consisted of salmon
of the
small stream south-west into the
Suncook.
Bear
In the north part
Hill.
town
of the
is
the highest eleva-
under a high state of
cultivation and very productive.
Indians.
On the banks of the
Suncook were the plantations of
the Penacooks, a powerful tribe of
Indians, who once resided in this
tion.
It is
and shad of which there was a
great abundance in the river, and
deer, which were numerous in the
vicinity.
forests.
principally engaged in Agriculture.
First Minister.
Wood,
Rev. Abraham
Congregationalist, ordained
axes &c, of
Chisels,
stone, are frequently discovered.
Employments.
The people
The manufactured goods
of 2,500 clapboards
;
are
consist
550,000 shin-
in 1772, died in 1823.
gles
;
270,000 feet of boards 25,000
North by Westmoreland and Keene, east by
Keene and Swanzey, south by
Winchester and Hinsdale, and
west by Brattleborough and Dummerston Vermont.
Area, 29,439
pairs
women's boots and shoes;
Boundaries.
(See tables).
Productions of the
soil annually valued at $85,000;
from mechanical labor, $ 10,700
carriages &c.
Resources.
stocks,
bonds and money at interest.
�NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER.
96
$
$
17,500
;
deposits in savings banks,
stock in trade, $ 4,500.
Churches and Schools. There are
three churches; Advent, no pas60,055
;
Cpngregationaiast, Rev. Mark
Gould, pastor; Methodist, Elder
Samuel Beede, pastor. There are
six school districts and six schools
average length for the year, nine
weeks.
Langinade High School
tor
;
fund, $ 5,000.
Nathaniel Goo-
First Settlers.
kin and others obtained a grant of
town in 1727. The first settlement was commenced by Paul
this
Morrill, in 1753.
Rev. Josiah
First Ministers.
Carpenter, ordained in 1791, dismissed in
1827.
North-east
by
Boundaries.
south-east by Epsom,
Pittsfield,
south-west by Pembroke, and
north- west by Loudon and Concord,
Area
11,978 acres.
Eight miles
Distances.
east
from Concord.
Railroads.
Epsom
Suncook Valley at
Pine Ground vil-
station,
any, towns in the State which possess so many natural advantages
and striking beauties as Claremont.
Some of these are her location in
Connecticut River Valley her fertile meadows and uplands; high
hills, cultivated or grazed to their
very tops rapid and useful rivers
and brooks large and productive
farms on which are neat, substantial and capacious buildings and
good fences, surely indicating that
they are the abodes of taste, intelligence and thrift. There is an air
of plenty, comfort and prosperity
throughout the town found in but
very few places, even in New Eng;
;
;
The
land.
large village
is filled
with extensive manufacturing establishments, workshops, stores,
and public and private buildings,
unmistakable evidences of industry, enterprise and wealth.
The
internal and surrounding hills and
mountains are a continual source
of pride and pleasure to her citizens
and of admiration to visitors. The
citizen
directs the
attention
of
strangers to Green Mountain in the
lage.
(XAREMONT.
Sullivan County.
This is the
and most nourishing town
in the western pai't of the State.
except Keene. For many years,
up to about 1860, Claremont and
Keene were nearly equal in population and valuation, but, in conse-
largest
quence, probably, of her superior
Keene has now
left Claremontbehind in both these
railroad facilities,
Claremont retains her superiority as a farming
town.
It is bounded
north by
Cornish, east by Newport, south
by Unity and Charlestown, and
west by Weathersfield, Vermqnt.
There are but few, if there are
particulars, while
east. Flat
Rock and Bible
Hill in
the south, and Barbouis Mountain
and Trisback
Hill
part of the town
;
in
and
to
the west
Ascutney
Mountain at the north-west, in full
view from the village and from a
large section of surrounding coun-
which towers up in conical
form 3116 feet above Connecticut
River, covered to its top with fresh,
living green in summer, all the
try,
rich,
warm
tints of the season in
autumn, and a thick mantle of
snow, white, cold, majestic, in
winter, as one of the most picturesque and grand of the mountains
of Vermont, and claims a kind of
inheritance in its wonderful and
ever changing beauty.
�CLAREMONT.
The drives in and around Claremont, over good and well worked
roads, in almost every direction,
are varied, attractive and pleasant.
The people have been too much occupied with other pursuits to give
attention to the building of hotels
to "take in" strangers
with which
summer
boarders, yet there are
ample accommodations for ordinary travel. City visitors in considas
numbers are entertained by
private families, and many are
erable
hospitably received by their friends
during the hot season.
Few towns are more generally
healthy than Claremont. Epidemics and prevailing sicknesses of any
kind are unknown here, 'which is
accounted for by rapid streams,
exemption from fogs and
the causes of them, pure water,
and the generally comfortable
condition and regular habits of
entire
the people.
Claremont village
is
situated
about three miles due east from
Connecticut river, occupies a large
and varid area and through it runs
Sugar River. The fall of the river in the
fifty feet
town
;
is
two hundred and
in the village
hundred and
fifty feet in
it falls
a
a distance
of about half a mile. Each footof
fall is capable of turning one thou-
sand spindles.
ings
are
all
The private dAvellcomfortable, well
painted and well kept, while many
of them are large, elegant, and
surrounded by handsome yards,
and flower, fruit and vegetable gardens. This village furnishes an
abundant market for all the wood
and agricultural productions of
this and the surrounding towns,
and is quite a center of trade for
the western part of the county, and
adjacent towns in Vermont.
One
97
of the great advantages of
Claremont over other towns
is its
water-power, derived,
mainly, from Sugar River. This
river is the outletof Sunapee Lake,
which is nine and a half miles long
and from a half mile to two and a
superior
wide, and lies eight
hundred and twenty feet above
Connecticut River. By an act of
half miles
the
New-Hampshire
Legislature,
authorizing the Sunapee Dam Coi-poration, composed of mill owners
along Sugar River, this lake can be
feet, as may be required in any time of drouth
though this has never yet been
found necessary which insures an
abundant supply of water during
drawn down ten
—
seasons of the year. Sugar
River is about twenty miles long
from the Lake to Connecticut Rivall
which it empties. It is
what is called the South
Branch, which has its sources in
er,
into
fed by
Lempster, Unity and Goshen, the
North Branch, coming from Springfield, Grantham and Croydon, both
of which
it
of Newport,
receives in the town
and other smaller
streams along its course.
Employments. The inhabitants
of this town are engaged in agriculture, manfacturing, the various
mechanic arts, different branches
of trade, and the professions.
The
leading business, after agriculture,
is the manufacture of cotton goods.
Some of the larger establishments
are noticed in detail.
Monadnock
Mills.
Manufacture
cotton cloths from one to three
yards wide, Marseilles quilts, union
Capital,
and lumber.
flannels,
$200,000.
Employ 125 males and
Pay annually for la-
225 females.
bor, $115,000.
Produce 2,908,911
12,000 Mar-
square yards sheeting
;
�NEW-IJAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER.
98
seilles quilts
;
Charles H. Eastman.
262,000 yards flannel.
Total value, $ 435,000.
Home Mill. A. Briggs
Capital, $20,000.
&
Leather
Employs 4 males.
Co.,
Pays, annually, for labor, $1,300.
Capital, $60,000.
Cotton cloth.
Employ 8 males and 20 females.
Pay annually for labor, $10,000.
Produce 500,000 yards sheeting,
valued at $ 40,000.
Sullivan Machine Co. Manufac-
Produces 100,000 lbs. leather, valued at $ 30,000.
Sugar River Mill Co. Manufacture flour, feed, and do custom
grinding. Capital, $30,000. Era-
ture
Steam Dimond
Drill
Ma-
chinery for quarrying rock, turbine
water wheels, cloth measuring machines, and do general machine and
mill work. Capital, $200,000. Employ 56 males.
labor,
$
$
30,000.
Pay annually
for
Products valued at
125,000.
Sugar River Paper Mill (Jo. Manufacture printing paper.
Capital
stock,
$
100,000.
and 20 females.
labor, $24,000.
Employ 30 males
Pay annually for
Produce 600 tons
paper, valued at $225,000.
Claremont Manufacturing Co.
Manufacture paper and books, and
do stereotyping and book and job
printing. Capital, $ 100,000. Employ 34 males and 34 females. Pay,
annually, for labor, $ 40,000. Products valued at $102,600.
Ritssell
Jarvis.
Manufactures
hanging paper. Capital, $25,000.
Employs 7 males and 2 females.
Pays, annually, for labor, $3,000.
Produces 330,000 lbs. paper, valued
$ 29,700.
John S. Farrington. Manufactures straw wrapping paper. Capital $ 7,500.
Employs 5 males and
1 female.
Pays annually for labor
$ 1,400. Produces 120 tons paper,
valued at $ 7,500.
Sullivan Mills. Geo. L. Balcom.
Manufactures
black
doeskins.
Capital, $40,000. Employs 20 males
and 18 females. Pays, annually, for
labor, $17,000.
Produces 65,000
yards doeskins, valued at $75,000.
at
Pay, annually, for
Grind 42,600 bush*
els of grain, valued at $ 52,000.
ploy 8 males.
labor, $3,120.
Saw
Mills.
Three saw
mills,
employ, a part of the
males. Pay, annually, for
Gapital, $8,000,
year, 10
labor,
$ 3,300.
Saw
950,000 feet of
lumber, valued at $ 13,000.
Blood & Woodcock. Monuments
and grave stones. Capital, $ 3,000.
Employ 8 males. Pay annually foi
labor, $ 3,500. Products valued at
$
10,000.
Houghton, Bucknam & Co. Sash,
doors and blinds. Capital, $8,000
Employ 8 males. Pay annually foi
labor, $4,500.
There are several boot and shoe
establishments in town, employing
about fifty hands, in addition to
which are carriage, blacksmith,
paint and tailors shops, printing
1
offices,
&o.
The United
States
census for 1870, gives thirty-three
manufactories of all kinds, employing 371 males and 375 females,
who annually receive for their labor, $244,100.
Banks. Claremont National, cap$150,000; Sullivan Savings
Institution, deposits over $ 700,000.
National Eagle,
Newspapers.
Northern Advocate, and The Comital,
pendium.
Hotels. Tremont House, Sullivan
House, and Junction House.
Churches. Trinity Church, Episcopal, Rev. I. G. Hubbard, D. D.,
rector 215 communicants. Property valued at $12,500,
Union
;
�CLAREMONT.
Church, Episcopal, West Claremont, Rev. W. B. T. Smith, rector,
33 communicants. Congregational, Rev. Levi Rodgers, pastor, 246
members. Property valued at §20,
000.
Baptist, Rev. C. A. Piddock,
pastor, 202 members.
Property
valued at §20,000. Methodist, Rev.
N. N. Bailey, pastor, 239 members.
Property valued at §13,000. Universalist, vacancy in pastorate, 45
members.
Property valued at
St. Mary's, Roman CathCornelius O'Sullivan, priest,
130
families,
about 800 souls.
Property valued at §15,000. Total
number of churches, 7; number of
members, 980; value of church
property, including parsonages,
where there are any, §90,500.
Schools. The town is divided
into nineteen school districts, with
twenty-five schools. Three of the
99
has been about ninety-five scholars.
Libraries.
The following are
the public and private libraries in
town, containing 400 volumes or
upwards. Fiske Free Library, 2000
vols. This was a donation to the
town by Samuel
native citizen,
to
it
life,
intends to add
from time to time, during his
and he and his wife have made
provision in their wills for a lib-
$10,000.
eral fund for its
olic,
their death.
have
districts
graded
Whole number of
average
schools.
scholars, 1216
attendance, 942; whole
of school money, §5,595.88.
amount
Value of school-houses and
lots,
$38,000.
Stevens High School.
Col.
Paran
Stevens, a native of Claremont,
donated to the town about §65,000
for the purpose of establishing and
endowing
It went inautumn of 1868.
All scholars in town who have arrived at thirteen years of age, and
this school.
to operation in the
pass the required examination, are
admitted to the school, free. The
town, in addition to its other school
money, has appropriated for the
support of this school from two to
three thousand dollars a year, the
balance of the expense being paid
from the Stevens fund. The school
building, the land on which it
stands,
225.6*f
and the furniture, cost §27,
The average attendance
P. Fiske, Esq., a
who
enlargement after
The use of the books
is
free to all citizens of the town.
Claremont Book Club, 500 volumes,
owned by about forty-five citizens.
Private libraries Otis F. R. Waite,
1550 vols. Bela Chapin, 1000; Drs.
:
;
N. & C. W. Tolles, medical and
miscellaneous, 1000; Ira Colby, Jr.,
law and miscellaneous, 700; Rev.
I. G. Hubbard, 800; W. H. H. Allen, law and miscellaneous, 700
Hon. H.
W.
Parker, law and mis-
cellaneous, 600; J. S. Walker, 550;
D. Baker, 1000; Rev. Levi
Rodgers, 400 A. J. Swain, 450 Dr.
S. G. Jarvis, 500.
Railroads.
Sullivan Railroad
connects with the Vermont Central
at Windsor, and with Cheshire,
Vermont Valley and Rutland and
Burlington at Bellows Falls, Vt.
E.
;
;
the Concord and Claremont RailConcord to Boston. The
road, via
Windsor and Forest Line Railroad,
from Windsor, Vt., to Greenfield.
X. II., to connect there with the
Wilton, has been chartered, a company organized and the route surveyed. The Claremont and White
River Junction Railroad has been
chartered, a
company organized,
and a preliminary survey made.
One hundred miles
Distances
north-west from Boston, and fifty
west from Concord.
�NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER.
100
Soldiers.
Claremont did
its full
share in putting down the rebellion
of 1861. The whole number of
volunteers from the town, during
the four years of the war, was 370
drafted men who
dt afted men, 5
;
furnished substitutes, 74. Total,
449. Killed in battle, 33; died of
wounds, 14; died of disease, 20.
Total, 67. The quota required to
be sent from each town in the State
under all calls for troops, from July, 1863,
was proportioned
to the
enrolled militia. Claremont's quota was set down at 177, and she fur-
nished 206 recruits, being an excess of 29 over the number she was
required to furnish.
The
many
portions, is good fot
and potatoes. Fortytwo tons of starch and 11,500
pounds of maple sugar are annualsoil, in
grass, oats
manufactured.
ly
and Streams. Clarksville
Pond containing about two hundred
acres, and Carr Pond about thirty,
are the principal ponds in town
Po?ids
There are several small tributaries
to the Connecticut.
Resources.
of the
soil,
labor, $ 600
;
Annual productions
$32,248;
mechanical
money at interest and
stock in the public funds, $ 5,200.
Schools. There are four schools
town; average length
in
year, eleven weeks.
tlement was
burg,
incor-
porated in 1853.
Boundaries.
ses Spafford
for the
Town
First Settlement.
first set-
made in 1762, by ^loand David Lynde, and
a charter was granted Oct. 26, 1764,
to Josiah Willard, Samuel Ashley
and sixty-seven others. It received
its name from the country seat of
Lord Clive, a distinguished English general, who then had charge
of the British forces in the East
Indies.
The
first
white native of
Claremont was Elijah, son of Moses Spafford, born in 1763. The
minister of the town
was Rev. George Wheaton, of the
Congregational faith, who was ordained Feb. 19, 1772. The first minister of the Episcopal Church was
Rev. Ranna Cossitt, who took holy
orders in England in 1772, and in
the following year entered upon the
duties of his holy office. The Baptist society was formed in 1785, the
Methodist in 1809, and the Univer-
first settled
ealist in 1826.
broken and
hilly,
Area, 40,900 acres.
By stage from Colebrook to North Stratford station
on the Grand Trunk railroad,
about twenty-five miles.
Distances.
One hundred and
seventy-five miles north from Concord, forty-five north from Lancaster, and eleven north from ColePuiilroads.
brook.
COLEBROOK.
Coos County. Colebrook is one
of the most enterprising towns in
Northern New-Hampshire. Withthe past twenty years it has
nearly doubled its population and
trebled its valuation. It is the shire
town for the Northern Judicial
District of Coos County. The soil
in
town
but the
is
rich
and
easily cul-
Fine intervals of considerable extent stretch along the Connecticut and the uplands are fertile, producing good crops.
The
tivated.
Coos County. This town is in the
northern part of Coos county. The
is
Vt.
in this
CL.ARKSVIL.M3.
surface
North by Pittsby Gilmanton and
Grant, south by Stewartstown, and
west by Canaan and Hall's stream,
east
;
�COLEBROOK.
101
quantity of potatoes raised in this
labor, §36,800
town exceeds that of any town in
the State, averaging more than one
hundred and twenty thousand
bushels annually. The larger portion of these potatoes is manu-
§57,822
factured into starch. It is stated
that, within a radius of ten miles
from Colebrook Village, there are
annually producing in the aggregate over 1100
tons of starch, and are valued at
nearly §100,000. It ranks as the
twenty-sixth town in the State in
value of its agricultural products.
fifteen starch mills,
§866
;
;
money
at interest,
deposits in savings bank,
;
stock in trade, §30,200
summer
tourists,
;
from
§3000; profes-
sional business, §10.000.
Churches and ScJwols.
MethoRev. J. H. Knott, pastor;
Christian, Rev. William Morrill,
pastor Congregational, no pastor
Union, no pastor there are twelve
dist,
;
;
school districts and thirteen schools
in town average length of schools
for the year, twenty-four weeks
;
amount annually appropriated
for
school purposes, §1,609.13.
Elvers.
Colebrook is watered
by Connecticut and Mohawk riv-
Academy. Colebrook
has a considerable fund.
and Beaver brook. There is
considerable improved water pow-
Parsons House.
ers
er in town.
Hotel.
Monadnock House and
First Settlement. This
There
a beautiful
Academy
town was
erable business.
Coleburne and
was granted to Sir George Colebrook and others. It was incor-
or fifteen stores of all kinds,
porated June
mon
and Ministers. The
Church of Colebrook and vicinity was organized
by Rev. John Willard, Missionary,
Nov. 30, 1802, under the name of
Village.
is
village in this town, with consid-
There are twelve
two
hotels, three church edifices, court
house, academy, four lawyers, four
physicians, one dentist, besides various kinds of manufacturing comto a
New-Hampshire village.
The larger por-
Employments.
tion of the people are engaged in
agriculture
but there is considerable manufacturing and trade carried on in this town. The capital
;
invested in starch manufactories is
over §26,000, annually producing
between
five
and
six
hundred tons
of starch, and using over 120,000
bushels of potatoes.
Nearly all
branches of business are carried on
such as foundry, carriage shop, lumber mills, cabinet, wool carding,
jewelry, shoemaking, blacksmithing, tinware, and one woolen factory. Total value of goods annually manufactured, $158,200.
Resources. Annual productions
of the soil, §154,865; mechanical
originally
called
11, 1795.
First Church
Congregational
the
"Monadnock
Church."
It
There
was no preaching except Missionary labor until 1810, when Rev.
Dyer Burge became pastor until
May 5, 1815, when he was regular
ly dismissed, the church numbering 43 members. Rev. Nathan
Waldo preached from 1819 to 1822.
Rev. Andrew Rakin from 1822 to
July, 1823, when Rev. John L.
Hale took his place, and continued until 1824.
January, 1825, Rev. Orlando G.
Thiitcher became pastor and conconsisted of ten
members.
tinued until February, 1829.
Boundaries. North by Stewartstown, east by Dixville, south by
Columbia, and west by the Con-
�NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER.
]02
necticut river.
Area, 25,000 acres
improved land,
14,870.
miles
by
North Stratford
sta-
Thirteen
Bail roads.
is done.
Productions of the
Besourccs.
Distances. One hundred and seventy miles north from Concord and
thirty-four north from Lancaster.
daily stage to
lumbering
considerable
on the Grand Trunk Railroad.
It is expected that the Montreal extension Railroad will pass through
Colebrook in a short time.
tion,
§115,400;
soil,
;
stock in trade, §2,500.
Churches and Schools. There ar»»
two churches, no regular pastors,
and ten schools average length of
;
schools
the
for
year,
nineteen
weeks.
Columbia House.
Hotel.
COLUMBIA.
mechanical labor,
§3,400 money at interest, $5,872
deposits in savings banks, §10;
First Settlement.
In
1770 this
Coos County. The surface of
this town is uneven, and broken by
town was granted and named
Cockburne in honor of Sir James
mountains along
Cockburn, one of the grantees.
Incorporated December 16, 1797;
received its present name in June,
The
its
southern lim-
soil is
generally strong
and productive.
In the spring
its.
large quantities of maple sugar are
1811.
made.
Boundaries. North by Colebrook,
by Dixville and ungranted
lands, south by ungranted lands
and Stratford, and west by Vermont. Area, 37,822 acres; improved land, 9,823 acres. A large
portion of the rest of the territory
consists of large tracts of heavy
wood and timber land.
Streams and Ponds. From the
mountains descend a number of
streams in a westerly direction into the Connecticut, affording
many
excellent water privileges.
There
are several ponds, the most noted
of which is Lime Pond, situated
near the line between this town
and Colebrook. It is about one
hundred and sixty rods long and
fifty rods wide.
The bottom is
covered
ly six
to
feet
the depth of nearwith perfectly white
which
formed
by the shells of the cyclas and planorbis species, of which myriads
ealcarious marl,
is
still living in the waters of the
pond, and are generally found collected under loose stones. Fish
Pond is well stored with trout of
large size.
Lime-stone, in considerable quantities, is found near
the outlet of this pond.
Employments.
Farming is the
principal occupation of the people.
are
some manufacturing carried on. One hundred tons of
starch are annually made, and
There
is
east
One hundred and six-
Distances.
from Concord
from Lancaster.
By daily stage to and
ty-six miles north
and
thirty north
Railroads.
from
North
Stratford
station,
twelve miles, on the Grand Trunk
The Boston, Concord
and Montreal Railroad, when completed, will pass through this town.
Railroad.
CONCORD.
Merrimack County.
(a city)
the
is
Concord
capital of
New-
Hampshire and shire town of the
county. The surface is uneven,
though it presents none of the abrupt acclivities, or
common
towns.
rivers,
in
deep valleys,
many New-Hampshire
It is
well watered by four
two of which are of consid-
�103
CONCORD.
erable magnitude, The Contoocook, a river eighty miles in length,
from Ilopkinton through
passes
the northern part of Concord and
joins the Merrimack on the line
between
this city
and Boscawen.
Merrimack
The
river
passes
eastern centre; the
Soucook river washes the southeastern border, and ilows in-
through
the
to the Merrimack, forming the
boundary line between this city
and Pembroke; while the Turkey
river, having its rise in Turkey
Ponds, waters a portion of its
southern part and empties into the
Merrinuiek in Bow. There is some
good water power on the Contoocook, at Fisherville, where there
are several large manufactories.
On
the Merrimack, through Con-
some good water
no wheel is turned
by its valuable power. There are
five ponds, the largest of which is
Turkey Pond, in the south-west;
and Long Pond (or Pennacook
Lake) in the north-west part. At
the outlet of Pennacook Lake is a
woolen mill, kit factory, &c. Turkey Pond is the source of Turkey
River, which furnishes some good
water power in its passage to the
Merrimack.
The intervals on the Merrimack
are of considerable width and very
cord, there are
privileges, but
fertile,
hut perhaps a
in extent
andbeauty
Connecticut.
little inferior
to those
Many
on the
of the inter-
duced three hundred and twentybushels of corn, two hundred
and seventy-eight bushels of oats,
anil made the annual agricultural
five
Another, valued
produced two hundred
and twenty bushels of corn and
two hundred bushels of oats. Anreceipts, §3,177.
at §15,000,
Also, annual rec'eipts, $2,500.
other valued at $15,000. Annual
A market farm,
receipts, $3,600.
containing forty acres, valued at
$ 8,000, paid for labor, $ 1 ,000 fertil;
Annual
$1,000.
izers,
receipts,
The above is sufficient to
show that farming in Concord pays,
when it is considered that farming
$5,900.
real estate increases in value, on
an average, at the rate of four per
cent, per annum.
City.
Concord, owing to its
great railroad facilities, the wealth
and enterprise of its inhabitants,
and as being the capital of the
State, has become one of the most
popular cities in New England.
The city contains about 2,500 dweling
houses,
14,000
inhabitants,
and has a constant and steady increase in population and wealth,
which makes investments in real
estate safe and sure to increase in
value, if purchased at market
rates.
Like
many
other
New
England
cities,
Concord has beea
afflicted
with
devastating
fires
Within the past twenty-two years,
hotels,
five churches, five
an
every business block on
Street, has been burned
Out of nearly two hundred stores and shops for trade
within the city precinct, all but
nine have been built since that
nearly
vals,
however, by careful husbandry, have been brought to a high
state of cultivation, and produce
some of the finest crops of corn
and hay in the State. The plains
Maine
down.
and the uplands, when properly
date (1852.)
excellent
produce
crops. The census of 1870, shows
that a farm valued at $18,000 pro-
est of the five cities in the State.
cultivated,
These fire casualties
have made Concord, apparently,
in the business portion, the young-
�NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER.
104
Large and substantial business
blocks have been erected upon the
ashes of the former buildings, far
superior in architecture and beauBut few cities, of its size, exty.
cel it in its large and expensive
business
blocks,
hotels,
fine
its
and excellent concrete sidewalks. If any
broad and shaded
streets,
complaint can be made as to the
beauty of this city, it is in its
dense shaded streets, where, in
many places, the rays of the sun
A
view from
are nearly shut out.
the dome of the Capitol, in midsummer, gives the city the appearance of a large
forest,
with church
and domes peering above
tops of the trees; and a
spires
the
stranger,
who
obtained his
first
knowledge and view from this
stand point, would be loath to believe that a city, containing twelve
thousand inhabitants, nestled beneath the shade of the trees,
standing at his feet. Many of the
private residences are fine and ex-
Nashua and Acton, Worcester and
Nashua, Nashua and Wilton, at
Nashua; Manchester and North
Weare, at Manchester; and Suncook Valley at Hooksett or Suncook. It can be readily seen that
almost any section of the country
can be reached by railroad from
The
Concord.
total
number
of
miles of railroads in the city, besides side tracks, is over thirty.
The dividend from the railroad
tax exceeds that of any other
town or city in the State by over
$ 5,000.
The passenger station is a large
building and also contains the business offices of the Concord and
Northern railroads. The constant
increase of travel on the various
which centre at
lines of railroads,
station, with the change of
baggage and passengers from one
line of road to the other, requires
an enlargement of the depot, for
the convenience both of the passengers and of the employees of
this
pensive structures, and compare
favorably with fine dwellings in
other cities in New Hampshire.
The four
Railroad Facilities.
railroads which centre here together with their branches and
connecting lines, within a radius
of thirty-six miles, make it one of
the largest railway centres at one
the roads.
depot in New England. At this
station, passenger trains are made
up with special cars, for the Montreal Railroad, Northern, Bristol
Branch of the Northern, Concord
and Claremont, Contoocook Valley, Concord to Boston, via Lowell,
Concord to Boston via Lawrence,
and Concord and Portsmouth.
fully laid
which virtually makes eight railroads that centre here. Besides,
connections are made with the
some powerful convulsion, many
centuries ago. It was commenced
in 1816, and was finished and occu-
and Business Buildings.
Public
The State House is located on
Main Street. The grounds extend
east and west from Main to State
Streets,
Park
and north and south from
to Capitol
Streets,
forming
nearly a square plat of over two
acres. These grounds are beauti-
out with fine concrete
walks, ornamented with a variety
of shade trees, and the whole sur-
expensive
and
handsome iron fence.
The original building was
built
rounded
by an
of Concord granite, quarried from
the drifts which- were cleft from
the Concord granite ledges, by
�105
CONCORD.
pied in 1819, for the first time.
The whole cost, including grounds,
was about $85,000, and it was the
Chamber is on the east side
of the north wing, measuring 34
by 35 feet; and there are in this
most expensive edifice
wing, besides, two committee
rooms, measuring respectively 20
by 22 feet, and 16 by 22 £, together
with the stairway leading to the
chamber and Senate Gallery. In
In
in the State.
1805, the old capitol
was en-
remodeled, and enlarged at
an expense of over $ 150,000. It is
now considered one of the finest
buildings of the kind in New Eng-
tirely
The
land.
addition to the center
of the building was 28 by 50 feet,
and on each wing 28 by 38 feet,
making an additional area of
3,528
The
superficial feet.
first
floor contains the Doric Hall, or
what is sometimes called the
Rotunda, 45 by 52
of this
45 feet
is
:
feet; in the rear
the State Library, 26 by
on the
you enter,
right, as
Council Chamber,
measuring 22 £ by 24 feet, and connected with it, is the Govenor's
by 18 feet; in
private room, 11
the rear of this, is the Adjutant
is
the
first,
«b
General's Office, consisting of two
rooms connected by a double door.
The larger room is 22£ feet square,
In the south
the smaller 15 by 22 £
.
wing are the rooms of the Secretary
of State consisting of a small room
12 by 18 feet, and a larger room,
21 £ by 24 feet; next to these rooms
;
is
the Treasurer's Office 20 £ by 21£
beyond this, is the Insurance
feet;
Commissioner's and Superintendent of Public Instruction room,
measuring 16 by 20£ feet. On each
Senate
h.
the south
stairs
wing
is
at the
head of the
Sergeant-at-Arms'
the
room, 16 \ by 21 £
feet,
and next
the office of the Secretary of the
State Board of Agriculture, and
beyond is the State Historian's
rooms: besides there is a wide
stairway, a hall extending across
the wing, and a stairway leading
to the Representative Hall Gallery,
and
roof
to
the Cupola.
eight
affords
The French
commodious
committee rooms, well lighted,
and averaging about twenty feet
square.
A spiral stairway leads from the
base of the dome to the top of the
cupola, 140 feet from the ground,
upon which is surmounted a colosThe view obtained
sal gilt eagle.
from the windows of the cupola is
very fine.
Doric Hall naturally claims the
It is
first attention of a stranger.
supported by ten columns or pilAgainst the walls of this
lars.
hall have been placed four large
glass cases, in
which have been
a wide stairway, the one on the north leading
to the Senate Chamber the one on
the south, to the Representatives'
Hall, and a door behind each,
opening into the yard towards
the Battle
Flags of the various military organizations of New-Hampshire,
who participated in the conflict to
sustain the Union; also a list of
battles, each regiment or battery
was engaged in, is printed in gold
State Street.
leaf
side of the library
is
;
On
the second floor the
Represen-
Hall occupies the center,
extending across the building, 80
feet long, and 45 feet wide. The
tative's
regularly
arranged
upon the
glass.
The
floor is
marble, tessellated in white and
black squares and diamonds. The
wainscoting and all the wood finishing except the stairways of this
�NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER.
106
hall,
and
the rest of the build-
all
and oak, some
beautiful in color and
ing, is of chesnut
of which
is
grain.
The State Library has between
and 13,000 volumes besides
pamphlets. It is handsomely and
appropriately arranged for an in12,000
stitution of this character.
Gov-
ernors of the State from 1786 to the
present time, handsomely painted,
and set in large gilt frames. There
are also the portraits of Matthew
Thornton, Joseph Dudley, Jonathan Belcher, William Bernett,
and Simon Bradstreet. This chamber now presents the appearance
of a handsome portrait gallery.
In the Senate Chamber, are
fourteen portraits of Senators
who
have been Presidents of the Senate.
In the Hall of Representatives
Washington
and Webster in full size also Gen.
De Graaf, Gen. John Stark, Gen.
Poor, Gen. Cilley, Gen. Scammell,
Gen. Whipple and Gen. Henry
Dearborn. All these officers, with
the exception of Gen. Poor, were
at the surrender of Burgoyne, at
are the portraits of
;
Saratoga, in 1777.
Too much
credit cannot be ac-
corded to the Hon. Benjamin F.
Prescott, Secretary of State, for his
untiring effort and zeal in securing
a large portion of the portraits in
the Council Chamber, and many
of the Generals of the revolution
placed in the Hall of Representatives.
is
end of State Street
located the
is
The
State Prison.
central part
and south wing were erected
1812; the north
wing
in 1833.
in
In
present antique appearance it
imparts no beauty to the city, nor
its
the Council Chamber, are
systematically arranged, upon the
In
walls, the portraits of all the
over §40,000, and is a fine strucIn this building is a large
hall, the city offices, court room,
At the north
and county offices.
ture.
The Court House and City Hall
located on Main Street, north
of the Capitol, and considerably
elevated from the street.
It was
erected in 1855, at an expense of
much credit to the State, in its
present condition. (For fvdl particulars see State Institutions.)
The County Jail is situated one
mile west of the State House, and
was erected in 1853. It is a beautiful edifice, built of brick, and
well arranged for the purpose it
was designed for.
Tlie
Society
New-Hampshire
is
located on
Historical
Main
Street,
and owns and occupies a large
brick building. It was established
in 1823, and now has over 6,000
volumes of valuable books, besides
pamphlets and newspapers. There
is
quite a cabinet of Indian relics
and other curiosities, many of
which are of an antique character
also,
many
valuable
paintings.
These rooms are opened daily, and
are worthy of a visit from any
stranger.
The City Library is in the City
Hall building, and has over 7,000
volumes.
Newspapers.
Monitor, daily;
Independent Statesman, weekly;
Daily Patriot; New-Hampshire
Patriot,
weekly;
The People,
Herald,
weekly
Prohibition
weekly. (See tables.)
The Asylum for the Insane is
located on Pleasant Street about
one half mile south-west from the
State House.
The buildings are
spacious, conveniently arranged,
;
and present a
fine
and imposing
��TRADE BUILDING,
BOAR]) OF
CONCORD.
W
Li'
Ol til (Tli
^' is i«
H Mti w
W W
Mi,
,
.
ti
Nr
W
"Pi;
'aii gB
Pi
1
If
1
:
EAGLE HOTEL,
Concord.
3
taf
�CONCORD.
appearance.
control, but
It
under State
is
heavily endowed,
and financially established on a
basis,
without requiring
solid
much State aid. (See State Instiis
tutions.)
There are many
blocks
fine
business
the
in the city precinct,
largest of
which are
Stickney's,
Brown's, White's, Sanborn's, Board
of Trade building, Eagle, ColumExchange, Merchant's, Rum-
bian,
ford,
Durgin's, State,
Hill,
City,
Phenix,
Hill's,
James R.
Phenix Hotel,
Foster's,
Pickering's,
Central, Masonic, Statesman, and
These buildings
brick structures, from
107
There are about two hundred reand shops for trade of
tail stores,
various kinds.
stores are large,
Some
of
these
and do an annual
business of nearly §100,000. Many
of them are elegantly finished,
and present a metropolitan appearance, comparing favorably
with those of any city in the State.
There are six hotels
Hotels.
Eagle, Phenix, Elm, and Sherman
House, in the city precinct, the
Washington House, at Fisherville,
and the Birchdale House, at Birchdale Springs.
The Eagle and Phenix
are
first
Moore's blocks.
class
are large,
as fine hotels, in every respect, as
three to four stories high (with
one exception), the lower floors
being generally occupied by stores
of various kinds, while the upper
are used for public halls, offices,
and mechanical work, The Board
of Trade building is located on the
corner of Maine and School
and was commenced in
the summer of 1872, and finished
streets,
in the
autumn of
1873.
It
is
with a handsome
French roof, surmounted by a
fine dome, in which has been
three
stories,
placed a large illuminated clock,
with four
dials.
The lower
story
while the upper conBoard of Trade rooms,
Young Men's Christian Associais
for stores,
tains the
tion
rooms,
offices,
&c.
The
whole expense of the building was
about $ 45,000.
The geoMercantile Trade.
graphical position, together with
extensive railroad facilities,
has caused Concord to become the
centre of a large mercantile trade.
There are six wholesale flour and
corn stores, whose annual sales
are not less than $1,800,000.
its
houses, and are considered
are found in
New
England, out-
Boston. The Elm and
Sherman are respectable, and
good houses, and receive a fair
patronage from the traveling pubThe registers of these four
lic.
hotels show the annual arrivals to
side
of
The Eagle and Phenix
be 40,000.
14,000 each,
man
12,000.
and the Elm and SherThe register of one
of the hotels, this season (1873),
shows that it was represented by
guests
from
thirteen
States in one day.
The
different
registers
of the Eagle and Phenix frequently show daily arrivals of guests
from six
to ten different States.
Birch-Dale House is located
near Birch Dale or Concord
Springs, about four miles west
from the State House, and is a
large and commodious house built
expressly for summer boarders.
Tlie
These springs possess medical
and the water is pronounced very beneficial to invalids who are afflicted with various
properties,
diseases.
lar resort,
It has become a popuand the house is gener-
ally well filled
through the
warm
�NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER.
108
season. To show the popularity
of the Concord Spring water, it is
stated that two thousand gallons
are annually sold by the glass in
the city of New York alone. The
house and springs are owned by
Dr. Robert Hall, of Concord.
The manufacManufactories.
turing business of Concord is considerable, various, and, many of
If Conits branches, important.
cord possesses, as it is often stated, water power nearly equal to
some of her
sister cities,
it is
evi-
dent that it has not been utilized,
except at Fisherville, to any great
extent, to propel the machinery
now in use in its various manufactories; neither have they, financially received much foreign assistance, but depended upon capital belonging to the people of Concord.
The carriage business has
been an important branch of industry for many years. There are
four manufactories, the largest of
which is the Abbott, Downing Co.
This firm has acquired a worldwide reputation for its fine carriages, both for durability and
neatness of work.
In 1813 the late Mr. Lewis
Downing, then a young man of
one and twenty years, came to
Concord, from Lexington, Mass.,
and opened a wheelwright shop at
the north end of Main Street. The
capital with which he commenced
was $125, $75 of which
he invested in a good set of tools.
business
He commenced
building
common
wagons with the bodies fastened
down to the hind axle, and worked alone, finding ready sales for
carriages he could make.
After the first year his business so
increased, that he employed two
all the
hands, which
number was
after-
wards increased as the business
demanded.
In 1825 he commenced erecting
shops at the south end of Main
street, near his house.
For twelve
years he manufactured only wagons, the style of which underwent
several changes.
The first attempt
was a wooden one
reaching from the hind axle to the
rocker which was soon followed
by the leather thoroughbrace, and
at a spring
;
successive styles of eliptic springs.
The
first
and sold
chaise he
made
in 1826,
Rev. Dr. Bouton,
now residing in Concord.
In 1826 he commenced the manit
to the
ufacture of coaches, which have
since made the name of Abbott &
Downing famous the country over.
That year he went to Salem, Massachusetts, and engaged J. Stephens
Abbott, then a journeyman coachbody maker, to come to Concord
and build three-bodies. Mr. Abbott arrived in Concord, Christmas
eve., 1826, and made the first coach
body ever built in New-Hampshire.
The first coach was completed and
went out of the shop in July, 1627,
and was sold to Mr. John Shepherd.
Mr. Abbott, after completing his
job with Mr. Downing, went to
Frainingham, Mass., for the purpose of forming a business connection, but concluded otherwise, and
went to Providence, R. I., and
worked a short time, but not feeling
contented he returned to Concord
in the fall, and became a partner
with Mr. Downing, January 1, 1828.
Coach building became a leading
feature of their business, and for
the reason of the lightness, durableness, and elegance of finish of
their
their
coaches, they
way
soon found
into every part of
New
�109
CONCORD.
England. It is worthy of mention
that while other carriages have
undergone an infinite variety of
changes in style, the Concord coach
was so near perfection in its line,
at that early day, that it has scarcely undergone any changes in construction since.
The partnership of Downing
&
Abbott was dissolved by mutual
consent in September, 1847; Mr.
Abbott continuing business in the
ing his
and Mr. Downing, taksons as partners, removing
new
shops, nearly opposite the
old shops,
to
Phenix Hotel.
These two firms remained in
their respective places of business
until
January
2, 1865,
with no ma-
change, with the exception
of Mr. Abbott taking his son E. A.
Abbott as a partner in 1852, under
the firm name of J. S. & E. A. AbIn the winter of 1849, the
bott.
shops of Mr. Abbott were entirely
destroyed by fire but were immediately replaced with more commodious and convenient buildings.
terial
January 2, 1865, the two firms
were dissolved, and the heavy and
popular firm of Abbott, Downing
& Co., was formed, and the business continued in the shops formerly occupied by J. S. & E. A.
Abbott, Mr. Lewis Downing senretiring from the business
ior,
after active participation in it for
nearly fifty-two years. This new
January
1873,
1,
which succeeded
Downing &
Morgan & Co.,
Abbott Downing Com-
the firms of Abbott,
Co., and Harvey,
called the
pany, with a capital of §400,000.
The officers of this corporation,
are Lewis Downing, President,
Edward A. Abbott, Treasurer,
Frank L. Abbott, Secretary and
George P. Harvey, Rufus M. Morgan, J. C. Harvey, Board of control.
Thus it can be seen that the
small wheelwright shop established
nearly sixty years before, with a
capita] of $ 125, and employing but
one man, has grown to a capital
of $400,000 and employing over
250
men.
In the spring of 1870, Mr. J.
Stephens Abbott, one of the original firm, died very suddenly at
his residence in Concord, and in
Mr. Lewis Downing,
Mr. Abbott. But
few business men, in this country,
have, by their own individual ef-
March
1873,
senior, followed
as mechanics, left names
more honorable, and more worthy
forts,
to
be handed
down through
life's
great drama, for generations to
come, than Lewis Downing and J.
Stephens Abbott.
To show the constant increase
of their business, it can be stated
that when Messrs. Downing and
Abbott formed a partnership in
1828,
there were four forges in
when the partnership
again formed in 1865, there
firm continued in business until a
their shops
change was made in January, 1873.
In the meantime another large
carriage establishment had grown
up in Concord under the name of
Harvey, Morgan & Co., and for several years had been doing quite an
was
extensive business.
By previous
act of the Legislature, an incor-
the value of § 500,000.
The question is often asked why
Concord coaches and carriages
porated company was established,
;
were twenty-four forges and now
company have thirty-five.
They employ 250 men with an annual pay-roll of §168,000, and prothe
duce carriages of various kinds to
�110
NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER.
have such a world-wide reputation.
The
reason
principal
is
the
thoroughness of work, and always
securing the best materials, and
the best skilled labor. No paint
is ever allowed to cover any dein
fect
wood
the
or
would have a tendency
iron,
to
that
weaken
the carriage, on any consideration.
Many
parts of wheels, or other
work have been stove before
eyes of the workman, which
Mr. Downing used to say) Avas
the
(as
the
most emphatic and cheapest argument he could produce to let his
workmen know that no sham work
was allowed in their shops.
Their carriages have been sent
to
nearly every
quarter of the
no firm in
Snake Hill) commence about one
mile from the Capitol, north-west,
and extend along for over two
miles nearly parallel with the Concord and Claremont railroad.
Mr. Luther Roby, now living in
the city, (1873)
first
opened
this
ledge on the southerly base and
near what is called the " Pulpit."
The piers for the Federal bridge
came from this opening also the
stone was boated down the Merrimack, to Manchester, by Mr. Roby
;
and son, for the basement of the
Manchester depot. They sent the
first Concord granite to Lowell,
Mass. The ledge now being so
successfully worked by Mr. Hollis,
was also opened by them. But
globe, and, doubtless,
the
this country
tion with other popular quarries in
is,
at this date, as well
known as the firm of
Downing & Company,
makers, Concord N. H.
The total value of
(including
Abbott,
carriage
carriages
repairing)
annually
produced in the city is about
$ 600,000.
The Granite business is an important branch which has grown
to large proportions within the
past twenty years. Granite of the
best quality has been known to
abound in Concord for rnany years,
but was quarried from large drifts
or bowlders, which at some age in
the past, were parts of the main
ledge which had been cleft asunder
by some violent convulsion of naThese drifts from the granite
ledges in Concord have been found
as far south as Massachusetts line,
but never to any distance northward eastward or westward. From
these drifts, the stone for the Old
State House, and other buildings
ture.
was quarried.
The granite
ledges, (or Rattle
first
great successful competi-
Maine and Massachusetts, was
in
securing the contract to furnish
the granite for the Merchants'
Bank, Boston. Blocks of granite
one foot square dressed in various
forms were sent from Hallowell,
Maine, Rockport, Quincy and some
other quarries. Mr. Roby had the
apparent temerity to send his block
from the Concord quarry, and after
careful examination as to merits
of the granite from each quarry,
the contract was given to Mr.
Roby, the price hardly coming in
as competition but the quality of
the stone. It has been ascertained,
by eminent chemists and geologists, that the stone from the Concord quarries, is perfectly free
from oxides or other mineral substance, which on exposure to the
atmosphere, would mar the beauty
(if some New England granite.
The award of this contract soon
established the reputation of Concord granite, as being the then Dest
in market. When the quarry-men
�CONCORD.
at Qnincy, only six miles distant
from Boston, found that preference
was given
to granite quarried
seventy miles away, they showed
that shrewdness characteristic of
Massachusetts business men, by
securing nearly all the control of
these ledges, and the heavy contracts pertaining tbereto
and to;
day the granite business
cord,
is
in
Con-
largely controlled by peo-
ple residing in Massachusetts.
Mr
Jfcoby
for the
furnished the stone
at Ports-
Custom House,
mouth, the Brooks house at Medford, and many other buildings, besides
much
of the stone
work
in
the buildings in Concord.
Like
all new enterprises where goods
are introduced into the market,
and the competition is in the qual-
Ill
$ 125,000 employ 75 men annual
pay roll, $45,000; tan 15,500 ox
hides, valued at $ 186,000, and
manufacture 780,000 feet of belting,
of various
widths, valued
at
;
$350,000.
;
Eastman
Samuel
&
Co., belting and leather hose, cap-
$ 15,000, employ eight hands,
annual production, $ 40,000. Concord and Northern Railroad's maital,
chine shops, employ 204 men
annual pay roll, $ 138,000; receipts,
$ 290,000: Ford & Kimball, found-
employ 50 men
annual pay
$ 30,000 value of production,
$ 165,000. William P. Ford & Co.,
foundry, employ 35 hands; pay
roll, $ 20,000
annually produce
sinks, stoves, plows, harrows and
other castings valued at $ 54,000.
Dunkley & Allen, machinists
employ 24 hands, annual pay roll,
ry,
roll,
;
;
;
instead of the price, and frequently much money is expended
before actual profits are realized,
the introduction of the Concord
granite was not an exception. Mr.
Roby may have the satisfaction of
knowing he has been the means
of first introducing this granite to
ture Palmer carriage springs,
ploy 16 men;
annual pay
the country and making it the gold
mine of Concord ; but it is feared
that the credit which he is rightfully entitled to, has not been ac-
production, $429,000
Five harness shops, annual products, $ 240,
ity,
corded to him.
In 1854, there were about thirty
men employed
in the granite busi-
There are now ( 1873) in these
quarries, $ 420,000 invested, employing 491 men with an annual
pay roll of $ 364,000, and annually
producing stone in the rough, and
dressed, to the value of $ 775,000.
ness.
This stone is now used for building
purposes in nearly all the large
cities on the Atlantic slope.
Tlie Page Belting Co. tan leather
under Page's patent tanning process, for belting
;
capital invested,
production,
$12,000;
$40,000.
&
manufac-
Joseph Palmer
Co.,
emroll,
annual production, $ 50,
Four bedstead and furniture
manufactories employ 280 hands;
annual pay roll, $ 125,000 annual
$
13,200
;
000.
;
000.
W. B. Durgin, manufacturer
of pure silver spoons, forks and
napkin rings, annual value of production, $ 75,000. There are also
manufactured cotton goods, $ 235,
000 woolen goods, $ 250,300 melodeons and organs, $ 120,000 confectionery and bread, $100,000;
sale boots and shoes, $150,000;
printing, newspapers, job printing,
$ 110.000; monuments and grave
stones, $60,000; doors, sash, blinds
and window frames, $50,000;
lumber,
sawed,
planed
and
;
;
;
matched,
Blanchard
$ 99,675
churns, $ 50,000
silver plating
;
;
�NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER.
112
$7,000; book binding, $20,000;
picture frames, $70,000; photograph business in its various
forms, $55,000;
plaster ground,
gas,
$45,000;
meal
ground, $40,000; organ and melodeon keys, organ and melodeon
reeds, organ and piano stools, artificial limbs, mackerel kits, excelsior, cement pipe, gas and steam
fittings,
files,
$9,000;
stencil plates;
be-
are carpenters, stair
builders, slate and gravel roofers,
undertakers, upholsterers, custom
boot and shoe workmen, blacksides there
smiths, tailors, milliners, and vaThe total cap-
rious other trades.
invested in manufactories of
employing
all kinds is $ 2,276,300
2,145, men and boys, and 364 womital
;
who
annually receive for their
producing manufactured goods, to the value of
*The number of
$4,600,000.
males and females engaged in insurance, banks, stores and shops as
en,
labor,
$
1,329,500,
proprietors or clerks, hotel clerks,
book keepers &c, is estimated at
1,540.
There are 28 lawyers, 22
physicians, 5 dentists, 28 clergy-
men, besides school teachers, male
and female.
Resources.
All the resources in
relation to stocks
and bonds are
taken as are individually given to
the assessors under the law. It
is
stated that there are in this city,
over $1,000,000 personally invested
in western railroad stocks and
bonds.
Productions of the soil,
$338,068 mechanical labor, $1,329,
500, clerical and professional busi;
ness
is
estimated, at
$924,000*;
stocks and bonds, $224,000; money
deposits in
at interest, $180,180;
savings banks, $1,170,580; stock in
trade, $774,693.
Public Works. Water has been
introduced into the city precinct,
and pipes have been laid through
nearly all the streets, with hydrants placed at proper distances,
The water
to guard against fire.
is
taken
Pennacook Lake,
from
lying about three miles north-west
from the Capitol, and oyer one
hundred feet above its foundation.
The water of this pond has long
been noted for its purity, and has
the capacity to supply a city many
times larger in population than
Concord. These works have been
put in very substantially, and
great attention has been given to
have durable pipes, and of such
material as not to impregnate the
water with any mineral substance
in the least.
The whole expense
not far from $300,000.
No city
in the country stands better guarded against large, devastating fires,
than Concord does to-day, with an
abundance of water, and one of
is
the most efficient
to use
fire
departments
it.
Sewerage.
The city precinct
has been surveyed, and an extensive plan
of
sewerage
been
draughted, which, when the plans
are fully carried out, will give the
city excellent drainage.
Much of
tinn,
This includes clergymen, lawyers, phy-
sician*,
merchants, landlords, bankers,
rail-
book keepers, National,
State, County, City officials, &c Ac, Doubtless the cities and large towns have a larger
per cent, than the average through the State.
road
officials, clerks,
.,
In this view of the foregoing facts, Concord,
The censns of 1870, gave the number of
persons in New-Hampshire, engaged in professional and personal services, trade and
transportation, of ten y -Mrs of age and over,
*
at 27,042, or over 8}^ per cent, of its popula-
with scarcely any
large cotton
or woolen
manufactories, and the capital of the State,
must have
at least 11 per cent, of its popula-
tion, or 1540 persons,
vocations.
employed in the above
�CONCORD.
Ihe
work has already been done
East Concord there
with two
in
masonry and
the whole plan will be consummated within a few years. The whole
the most substantial
expense
is
estimated
There are also good school-houses,
and graded schools at West Concord and- Fisherville.
Nearly all
of these large brick houses have
been built within the past twenty
years, at an expense, including
$100,000.
There are four bridges in the
over the Merrimack, and
three over the Contoocook river.
All of these are large and expencity
sive bridges.
The Federal
grounds, of not less than $150,000.
One of the most important literary institutions in the country is
located about two miles west of
the
State
House, called
St.
Bridge,
which leads to East Concord, is of
wrought iron, and was ei-ected in
the spring of 1873, at an expense,
including
stone
work,
of
Paul's
over
School.
copal
represent
There are fifty schools
which thirty-two
But few towns or
are graded.
cities have made more rapid pro-
The
Schools.
in the city, of
in
sive
Church
'
June 8, 1859; CongregaWest Concord, September
21, 1869; Old North Congregational
Church, November 18, 1870, and
the North Congregational, June
29, 1873.
The Unitarian,- South
and West Concord, have been replaced by more substantial and
expensive edifices, and the North
thirty-one weeks; in the city
there
;
ferent
sections
of the city.
At
for
tional at
1874.
and built at an expense of from $15,
000 to $60,000 each besides there
are several smaller houses in dif-
Concord,
tional,
will
five large, brick school-houses in
Edifices.
Unitarian, November 2d, 1854;
then followed the South Congrega-
age length of schools for the year
the city precinct, from four to six
commodious school rooms each,
(See literary Insti-
worship being destroyed by fire.
The first house destroyed was the
$24,047.45,
There are
buildings are very fine, extenand expensive, and the
the past nineteen years, has suffered
severely in its houses of public
the city precinct, are primary intermediate, first and second gramThe avermar, and high school.
precinct, forty weeks.
students
of the Union.
tutions.)
In 185-1, the total amount of money appropriated for school purposes was $5,536, being $2.40J
In 1872, the
to each scholar.
is
its
grounds around them are beauti-
past twenty years, than Concord.
averaging $9.21 to each scholar.
The high school is under the instruction of J. D. Bartley, as principal.
In this department, such
branches of study are taught, that,
at the expiration of four years, a
scholar is prepared to enter any
college. The grades of schools in
all parts
fully laid out.
public schools, for the
amount expended was
under Epis-
It is
and
control,
$26,000.
gress
a fine brick
departments.
is
house,
about
at
113
be rebuilt in the season of
Where
is
now,
the old North stood,
1873,
being built a
large brick school house.
The following
and
are the churches,
denominaNorth Congregational, Rev.
F. D. Ayers South Congregationpastoi's of various
tions.
:
Rev.
Blake; IstCalvinistic
W. Faunce; Freewill Baptist, Rev. Silas Curtis;
al,
S. L.
Baptist, Rev. D.
�NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER.
114
Pleasant street Baptist, Rev. H. G.
Safford; Methodist, Rev. E. A.
est of the village.
Drew; Episcopal, Rev. J. H.
Eames, D. D. Unitarian, Rev. J. F.
houses.
;
Lovering; Universalist, Rev. E. L.
Conger, pastor; Catholic, Rev.
J. E. Barry; Second Advent, Elder
At East Concord,
J. G. Hook.
Congregational.
At West Concord, Congregational, Rev. H. B.
Putnam. At Fisherville, C. Baptist,
no pastor; Catholic, Rev.
J. E. Barry; Methodist, Rev. S. P.
Heath, pastor.
There are also clergymen of the
following persuasions, residing in
Concord, viz., C. Baptist Rev.
Congregational,
Moses Gerald
Rev. Nathaniel Bouton, D. D.,
Rev. H. A. Kendall, Rev. S. Utley,
Episcopal, Rt. Rev. W. W. Niles,
Bishop of the Diocese, Rev. H. A.
Coit, D. D., Rev. J. H. Coit,
Rev. Hall Harrison, Rev. John
Hargate, and Rev. R. A. Benton;
Methodist, Rev. Elisha Adams.
The value of church property
within the city precinct is not less
than $ 225,000.
East Concord is locaVillages.
ted across the Merrimack, about
two miles from the State House.
;
Here
is
a plaster mill,
saw
mill,
brick yard, belting and leather
hose manufactory, store, post office,
graded school house,
about sixty
dwellings. West Concord is about
two miles north-west from the
Capitol. There is a woolen mill,
large, brick,
•hurch edifice, and
kit
factory,
two stores, chui'ch,
and about sixty
house,
dwellings.
school
(For Fisherville, see Boscawen.)
two miles
Millville lies about
west from the State House.
Paul's
School
and
now
is
is
located
St.
here,
the absorbing inter-
There is a mill,
and a number of fine dwelling
About one mile directly east of
the State House, across the Merrimack, by the free bridge road,
and what is called the plain, has
been commenced a pretty village.
Within the past year, thei-e have
been
erected fifteen or twenty
dwelling houses, and a fine school
house. It bids fair to be quite an
auxiliary
to the
growth and
wealth of the city precinct.
Banks. There are seven banks
First National
National State Capitol, National
Savings, New Hampshire Savings,
in the city, viz.
Merrimack County Savings, Loan
and Trust Savings in city precinct;
and Pennacook Savings Bank, at
Fisherville. Total capital in Nabanks,
tional
Total
$350,000;
in the five sav-
amount deposited
ings
banks, $3,381,081.21.
(See
tables.)
Natural and acquired Resources.
As can be
seen, the granite ledges
of Concord are a mine of Avealth,
but at present the only resource is
the pay which the quarrymen get
for labor and the farmers realize
from the sale of the land where the
ledges are located. This is valuable, but it would be better to have
the profit on the stone stop here instead of going to Boston. The supply may be considered inexhaustible, and will last for many generations yet to come.
It is stated by competent judges
that the water power in Concord
is valuable, and is excelled by but
few towns in the State in unimproved privileges. Sewall's Falls,
in the Merrimack, are about three
miles from the State House. The
width of the river at this point is
�115
CONCORD.
only two hundred and thirty feet.
The expense of a dam here has
been estimated, by competent engineers, to be about forty thousand
dollars; and by taking the water
from the west end of the dam,
through a canal, for a distance of
about three miles, to the city proper, would produce a fall of over
twenty-one feet, and a constant
flow of water in the driest time, of
twelve hundred feet per second.
This power is equal to running
twenty cotton mills of five thousand spindles each, and requiring
one hundred and twenty operatives
to each mill, or three thousand in
all.
The whole expense to prepare this power ready to place mills
on is estimated by Gov. James A.
The acquired resources are
in its
and the
completion of the Concord and
Rochester Railroad, and extension
of the Contoocook Valley Road,
from Hillsborough to Peterborgreat
center;
railroad
ough, together with the completion of the Hoosic Tunnel, will
still largely increase its railroad
It being the capital of
facilities.
induces
the State
come here
quently adds to
ulation,
many men
its
which are gradually
From
creasing.
to
and consewealth and pop-
to reside,
in-
1871 to 1872, its
ratable polls increased 361.
With
the advantages above mentioned there is no reason why Concord should not annually increase
all
in wealth
and population
for
many
two hundred and sixtyfive thousand dollars, and if all the
power was utilized, it would make
an additional population of nearly
years to come, and hold her rank
with her sister cities in the State.
ten thousand inhabitants.
It may be well to state that there
are good facilities for erecting mills
the territory of Concord, was made
by parties living in Salem, Massachusetts, in 1663, but, not complying with the provisions of the grant,
Weston
at
on the east or west side of the
er, at
the foot of the
falls,
riv-
without
the expense of a canal two or three
miles. Land for a mile square
around the
falls
can be purchased
farm land in
at the rate per acre of
that vicinity.
We quote
the words of the efficient civil engineer, Hon. James
A. Weston,
who made
the survey
of this valuable power, in 1871
" Nature seldom offers to the hand
of man a more favorable location,
or greater facilities for the creation
of a large and successful manufacturing business."
At the south-east extremity of
the city are Garven's Falls, in the
Merrimack. The power here is considered valuable, but we have no
means of knowing
its full
capacity.
First Settlements. The first petition for a grant of land comprising
they forfeited their right. Fiftyone years after the first grant they
again petitioned to have the original grant of 1663 confirmed to them.
They contended that tbe first grantees built a trading house on the
tract, forty years before, and it is
supposed
was built on the east
Merrimack.
the inhabitants of Essex
it
side of the
In 1721
County, many of them living in
Haverhill and vicinity, petitioned
the government of Massachusetts
for a grant of land called Pennacook, and conveying nearly the
same territory of the Salem grant
sixty-two years before.
Benjamin Stevens,
Ebenezer
Daniel
Kimball, Austin Mitchell, and one
Eastman, John
Osgood,
�NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER.
116
hundred and fourteen others were
Not fully succeed-
the petitioners.
effort, in 1725, a
signed by the five
persons above named, who acted
as a committee for the rest of the
former petitioners, was presented,
asking the government to review
the request of their former petiThis second attempt proved
tion.
successful, with certain provisions
to be fulfilled on the part of the
ing in their
new
first
petition,
The
1801.
first grist
mill
was
built
on a small brook running through
East Concord. In 1732, a grist mill
and saw mill were built on Turkey
river, at
ville.
what is now called MillThe burying ground was
out in
laid
Prior to 1730,
1730.
the meetings of the grantees were
holden in Bradford, Mass.
The
town meeting was holden
first
at
November 10,
Henry Rolfe was chosen
the meeting house,
1730.
grantees.
moderator and Benjamin Rolfe,
was to be divided
hundred and three lots,
and one hundred persons were to
be admitted and each pay five
pounds and build a good dwelling
house, and break up and fence six
clerk.
acres of land within the space of
settled in the vicinity of Concord.
The
territory
into one
three years, after the land
The first
be made on the
was
sur-
In 1733, " Penney Cook" was incorporated by the government of
Massachusetts under the name of
Rumford.
The Pennacook
tribe of Indians
They were the most powerful and
veyed.
fifty
settlements
waidike tribe in the valley of the
to
east side of the
Merrimack, and all other tribes in
this vicinity were subservient to
them. Passaconnaway was their
first chief known to the white settlers in New-Hampshire, and always kept good faith with the
and the houses
to be built on
not more than twenty
rods apart, in a regular defensible
river,
the
home lot
Also that a good, convenient house for the worship of
God, be completely finished within the same space of time that the
first minister should have one full
share with the rest, the lot to be
laid out adjoining the meetingposition.
;
lot. One lot for the support
of schools forever, and one other,
a ministerial lot of equal value
with the rest. The survey of these
house
was deferred till May 10, 1726.
Samuel Ayer is supposed to be the
lots
man who ploughed a field in
Concord. Ebenezer Eastman and
family were the first who settled
in town, and came here in 1727.
The first white female child born
in town, was Dorcas, daughter of
E. Abbott, who died in 1797. The
first
male child was born of the
same parents in 1730, and died in
first
English.
Tradition gives
it
that
he was the chief Sagamore of
the tribes in this section of
all
New-
England, as early as 1629.
This
tribe were opposed to the Christian
religion and refused to pray to God
for assistance;
but the settlers
never received any harm from
them as a tribe, probably not as
much as was administered to the
Indians by the white men.
The
only Indian foe they feared were
the
Mohawk
tribe, living in
New-
York, on the Mohawk river. There
was a deadly feud between these
two
many
men trod
tribes for
the white
years before
the soil of
The site of an
New-England.
fort, on the east side of the
Merrimack, is pointed out where
Indian
�CONCORD.
two tribes met in deadly conand victory decided in favor
of the Pennacooks. But there was
no reporter to record the heroic
deeds of valor displayed on either
side, and tradition tells the tale.
these
flict
The
first
Indian
depredation
committed upon the settlers of Concord,
was
in 1742,
of Jonathan
when
the wife
Eastman was taken
These hostile attacks
were instigated by the French,
captive.
who
then held control of Canada,
and these Indians came from that
vicinity. In 1746, there were seven
garrisons in " Rumford" for the
protection of the inhabitants.
with
all
But
these precautions, .Mon-
August 11, 1746, they ambushed and killed Lieut. Jonathan Bradley, Samuel Bradley, John Lufkin,
day,
John Bean and Obadiah Peters;
and Alexander Roberts and William Stickney were taken prisoners.
This sad tragedy occurred about
one and one half miles west from
the State House, on the Hopkinton
road, as they were going to a fort
about half a mile beyond where
they were massacred. Four of the
Indians were killed and two were
wounded. There is no doubt but
they intended to have made an attack on Concord, as there were
over one hundred in the party
who committed these murders.
Through some source, the Indians
learned that the town had been reinforced by soldiers sent from
Exeter under Captain Ladd, only
the day before, and thus the assault
was evaded. After this ambush
of the Bradleys and others, they
made a precipitate retreat, for fear
of an attack by the soldiers and inhabitants from the forts.
In 1837, a granite monument was
erected near the scene of this trag-
117
edy, by the late Richard Bradley
(a relation of some of the victims)
of this city. After it was erected
with formal ceremonies, Mr. Brad-
ley presented the deed of convey-
ance of the monument and grounds,
to the
New-Hampshire Historical
which was received by
Society,
the
ton,
Rev. Dr. Nathaniel Bouand being duly recorded was
deposited in the society archives.
The monument stands on a
little
eminence in a pasture, by the street
leading to Millville a'nd Hopkinton, and is placed on a mass of
cobble stone, uncovered by earth
and sod, or even fenced. A more
lonely and desolate spot is not to be
found in Concord, especially when
one's mind reverts back to this
dark and bloody deed, and, as your
eye glances through bush and
brake, a nervous feeling comes
over youjhat perhaps the unerring
rifle of the red man is still pointing at the heart to draw the life
blood of his unwary victim. (For
the honor of Concord, some measure should be taken to have this
made more respectWith the exception of the
sacred spot
able.)*
no public place is
visited by strangers, being but one half mile from
St. Paul's school, which is repre
sented by nearly every state in the
State House,
more frequently
union.
Besides the foregoing deed no
serious trouble ever occurred from
the Indians, aside from killing a
&c, For many years
was a long controversy between the proprietors of Bow and
few
cattle,
there
Concord, relative to certain rights
of territory. In 1727, Bow received
*
At a meeting of the members of the His
was voted to hav*
turical Society (1*73) it
these grounds appropriately arranged.
�NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER.
118
a grant of land, nine miles square,
from certain authority in NewHampshire, which covered nearly
the whole territory which was
granted to the proprietors of PenThis of course led
nacook.
to
conflicting authority
between the
respective grantees.
This trouble
was finally settled by the government of New-Hampshire's incoiporating the parish of Concord
with town rights, in 1765, and including a large portion of the land
previously claimed by Bow. Perhaps but few people are aware
how the act for the incorporation
of Concord was couched. It com-
menced
"
An
as follows
Act for setting
off a part of
town of Bow, together with
some land adjoining thereto, with
the inhabitants thereon, and make
them a Parish, investing them
with such privileges and immunities as towns in this parish have
and do enjoy." To this parish, in
the town of Bow, was given the
name of Concord, which means
harmony and agreement with onethe
another.
of the legislature, and for
a long time, Chief Justice of the
Court of Common Pleas. He died
in 1822.
Benjamin Thompson, afterwards
as Count Rumford, was a
resident of Concord for many
years, and married a daughter of
Rev. Timothy Walker.
He held
known
various important military offices
under the British crown, and on
leaving the service, he was hon-
ored with the title of Count.
He
afterwards received the honor of
knighthood.
He died in France
in 1814.
Franklin Pierce, born in Hillsborough, but long a resident of
this city, was U. S. Senator, and
President of the United States, be-
sides filling
ble offices.
bore
their full share in furnishing
men
in the struggles of the
revolution, and the blood of her
sons helped to seal the covenant
which made us a free and inde-
pendent nation, as it did also to
defend it from being broken in
twain, in 1861.
many minor responsiHe died here, in 1869.
Isaac Hill came to Concord in
was a printer by trade was
1809
;
;
soon an editor of a political paper,
and wielded a powerful influence
in the State, for
many
years.
He
filled
the offices of State Senator,
U.
Senator, and Governor of the
S.
State.
The people of Concord
and money
member
He
died in 1850.
There are many other prominent
men, who have lived in Concord
but space will not permit us to
mention them. It is enough to
say, however, that she has furnished her full share of public men,
who have filled honorable positions, both in the State and nation.
First Ministers.
Rev. Timothy
Distinguished Men. Hon. Timothy Walker, son of the Rev. Timothy Walker, born in 1737, graduated at Harvard in 1756, filled va-
Walker was the first minister, and
came here in 1726, and was settled
town offices, and served in a
campaign under Gen. Sullivan;
member of the convention which
framed the Constitution in 1784;
ordinary intellectual powers, and
they were always used to promote
the best interests of the town, for,
unlike to-day, he did not act as
the pastor of a church, but of the
rious
afterwards, for several
years,
a
in
1730.
He
died in 1782.
Mr.
Walker was a man of more than
�119
CONWAY.
while town.
Under
his ministry,
whole
people were united, under one
congregation, and he died lamentAt the
ed by all who knew him.
time of the trouble with Bow, the
town sent Mr. Walker to England
no less than three times, relative
fifty-two
for
to
years,
the
troublesome question, as
this
their agent.
919 acres; area of improved land,
20,090 acres.
Latidude, 42 deg. 15 min. north
longitude, about 71 deg. 30
Distances. Seventy-three miles
north-west from Boston, and five
hundred and seventy-four miles
north-east by east from Washington,
Rev. Israel Evans, ordained in
Rev.
dismissed in 1797.
1789;
Asa McFarland, D. D., settled in
Dr. McFar1798, died in 1827.
land was greatly beloved by
his people, and died deeply lamented.
Concord was
sec.
west from Greenwich.
D. C.
CONWAY.
Carkoll County. The surface
town is uneven, except on
the rivers, where there is some
of this
fine interval land,
which produces
&c,
fine crops of corn, rye,
To
in-
cultivate the upland requires pa-
corporated,
crops.
trial,
The
July 6, 1849.
was adopted, on the fifth
The vote
in March, 1853.
tient labor to get a fair return of
charter
in the county, in its production of
City Charter.
then stood, 828 in favor, and 559
The mayors
against a charter.
have been, under the new charter,
1855, Rufus
1853, Joseph Low;
John Abbott;
Clement;
1856,
1859,
Moses T. Willard; 1861,
Moses Humphrey; 1863, Benjamin
F. Gale; 1865, Moses Humphrey;
1840,
4,903;
10,889;
and the fourth
first
in
its
town
total
value of agricultural productions.
Swift, PeeRivers and Ponds.
1775,
1,747;
1820,
2,838;
quawket Pond are the principal
1850,
8,584;
1860,
various decades, as follows
1790,
ranks as the
quawket, and Saco, are the princiThe Saco is about
rivers.
twelve rods wide, and two feet
It has been known to rise
deep.
over twenty-five feet in twentySwift and Peequawfour hours.
ket rivers discharge themselves
There are some
into the Saco.
valuable water privileges in this
Walker's Pond and Petown.
1866, John Abbott; 1868, Lyman
D. Stevens; 1870, Abraham G.
Jones; 1872, John Kimball.
The population has been, at the
1,052;
corn,
It
1870,12,241.
:
The popula-
pal
collections of water.
Elevations.
tion at the present time (January,
and Greene
The
18740 is estimated at 14,000.
assessed value of personal and
elevations.
real estate, in March, 1873, was
Its true value,
over §9,000,000.
no doubt, is over §12,000,000.
North by CanterBoundaries.
bury and Boscawen, east by Loudon and Pembroke, south by Bow
and Hopkinton, and west by HopArea, 40,
kinton and Boscawen.
Pine, Rattlesnake,
hills are the principal
On
the south side of
a detached block of
granite, or bowlder, which doubtless owes its present position to
some violent action of nature.
Pine Hill
is
On the bank
Medical Spring.
of Cold brook, is a spring strongIn
ly impregnated with sulphur.
some
cases, it has
cial to invalids.
proved benefi-
�NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER.
120
Scenery.
Some
of
the
finest
views of the White Mountains are
obtained from North Conway.
Many tourists spend the summer
month in this beautiful mountain
scenery town. At North Conway
quite a village has grown up the
dwelling houses being principally
owned by men in some of the large
;
cities,
who remove
their families
here to remain through the warm
season of the year,
There are
also eight or ten large hotels and
boarding houses, for the accommodation of visitors who do not
wish to live in private houses.
Every inducement is offered to
make this mountain retreat a desirable location for men who have
families and do not desire their
children to be deprived of school
privileges too much.
At North.
Conway are good schools, a fine
academy, two or three churches,
and all such privileges as are
desired in cities, can be obtained
making it a desirable
opportunity to enjoy a fine mountain scenery through the summer,
which many are improving. The
number of tourists who stop permanently through the summer
months, is estimated at over 2,000
besides thousands who come and
go as they pass through the mountain region.
There are several
here, thus
manufactories at North Conway,
and eight or ten stores of various
kinds.
At Conway village there
several manufactories, of various kinds, three or four stores,
bank, three or four hotels, church
ai*e
and school house. It is a very
desirable and pleasant village to
live in, and many tourists stop here
through the summer.
Employments. Agriculture and
keeping
summer
boarders, are the
principal vocations of the people.
The farmers receive a good return
for all their products they
have to
The mechanical work is
considerable.
Over 75 tons of
sell.
straw board
is
annually
made,
12,000 sides of leather tanned; val-
ued at $84,000 375,000 feet of lumber sawed 6,800 bushels of grain
ground 75 harnesses made, besides
various other mechanical works.
The total value of goods annually
manufactured, of all kinds, is SU6,
500. (See tables.)
The town has
voted to exempt from taxation all
manufactories for a certain length
of time, provided there be $ 10,000
invested in the manufactory.
Resources.
Productions of the
soil, 8 113,299; mechanical labor,
$ 19,500 money at interest, § 12,
200; deposits in savings banks,
$24,553; stock in trade, $37,200;
;
;
;
;
from summer tourists, estimate,
professional business,
$ 160,000
$ 12,000.
Churches and Schools.
Methodist, Rev. Joseph Hawks, pastor.
At North Conway, Baptist, Rev.
P. J. Chapin, pastor; Congregational, Rev. D. P. Eastman, pastor
Episcopal, Rev. S. H. Hilliard,
rector. There are nineteen schools
in town
average length for the
year, fourteen weeks.
" North
Literary Institution.
Conway Academy, W. H. Bates,
;
;
1
'
principal.
Hotels.
Conway House, Grove
Hotel, Pequawket House.
At North
Conway, Kiarsarge House, Sunset
Pavilion, McMillen House, Washington House,
North Conway
House, and Interval House. These
Hotels are all fine buildings, and
all do a good business through the
summer. Each proprietor tries to
excel to
make
their guests feel at
�121
CONWAY.
home, while under their hospitable
roof horses are always at the
command of travelers to convey
them to any of the many attractive
points in and around Conway.
—
nearly through October, but the
two great months are July and
August, when fully three thousand
people are stopping here, so that
North Conway may well be called
Hfe
KIARSARGE HOUSE.
The Kiarsarge House
and elegant
is
a
new
hotel, erected during
the year 1872, and has accommodations for three hundred guests. It
is
delightfully located in the very
heart
of the
mands
fine
A
village,
views
in
and comall
direc-
band of music is
engaged for each season, and with
a daily arrival of one hundred to
one hundred and fifty persons, a
lively and animated scene is presented at all times of the day and
tions.
fine
evening for in addition to its own
guests, it is made an exchange or
centre where guests from the other
;
hotels, are sure to
who may
meet
friends
either be stopping tem-
porarily, or passing through the
place,
on their way
to the
moun-
tains.
With
the present railroad facili-
ties for
reaching this point, there
no doubt but it must become
one of the most popular resorts in
is
Visitors begin to come
here as early as May, and remain
the State.
the Saratoga of
the mountains.
Daniel Foster
obtained a grant of this township,
October 1st, 1765, with the condition that each grantee should pay
a rent of one ear of Indian corn annually, for the space of ten years, if
demanded. The first settlements
were commenced here in 1764, '65
First Settlements.
and
'66,
by James and Benjamin
Osgood, John Dolloff, Ebenezer
Burbank and
others.
First Ministers.
iel
Rev. Nathan
Porter, D. D., Congregational,
settled here in 1778, dismissed in
1815.
North by Chatham
by the State of
Maine south by Eaton and Madison, and west by Madison and
Albany. Area 23,040 acres. Improved land, 9,965 acres.
Boundaries.
and
Bartlett, east
;
Seventy-two miles
from Concord, and
twenty-five north from Ossipee.
Railroads. "Portland and Ogdensburg, 11 and " Great Falls and
Distances.
north-east
�NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER.
122
Conway"
to this
Railroads, are completed
the first from Port-
town
;
from Portsmouth.
These two roads, when completed,
land, the latter
will
make Conway a
great railroad
the soil
is
and bonds, $3,600
$35,016;
est,
banks,
mechan-
$172,664; from
ical labor, $8,000
;
;
money in stocks
money at inter-
deposits in savings
$26,516;
stock
in
trade,
$4,500.
center,
Churclies
CORNISH.
and
ScJwols.
churches,
four
viz.
There are
Episcopal,
W. B. T. Smith, rector;
Methodist, Elder B. P. Spaulding,
pastor. At Cornish Flat Baptist,
Rev. H. C. Leavitt, pastor Con-
This town
with the exception of that
part which lies on the river. The
soil is fertile, well cultivated, and
adapted to the growth of wheat,
Rev.
corn, oats, barley, grass and fruit.
There is but one other town in the
pastor.
county which produces as much
wheat and fruit. Capt. Chester
Pike has the best farm-house in the
year, seventeen weeks.
Sullivan County.
is hilly,
Minerals. Good lime stone occurs in various locations. Crystals
of red oxide of titanium have been
found. Jewelers value these crysthe
highly,
name
;
gregational, Rev. C.
sell them under
Venus hair stone."
and
of "
On
Bryant's brook, silver ore has
been discovered. Also, spruce-yellow paint is obtained in considerable quantities.
River and Streams.
Connecti-
cut River waters the western border of Cornish. A fine bridge spans
town
Vermont.
the river and connects this
with Windsor village,
There are several small streams
which afford some water power.
Employments. Agriculture is the
general pursuit of the people.
Several farms are under a high
There is
state of cultivation.
but very little manufacturing in
town.
(See table of manufactories.)
Resources. Cornish is one of the
most wealthy towns in the county,
and its resources are principally
derived through farming. The annual value of the productions of
M. Palmer,
There are fifteen schools
Average length for the
in town.
The Connecticut River
Hotels.
Union House.
This town was
granted to Rev. Samuel McClintock and sixty-nine others, June
House
;
at the Flat,
First
State.
tals
:
21,
Settlers.
It
1763.
was
first
settled
by
emigrants from Sutton, Massachusetts, in 1765.
First
Ministers.
Rev.
James
Welman
(Cong.) settled in 1768
dismissed in 1785. Rev. Joseph
Rowell, ordained in 1800 dismissed in 1828. Rev. Ariel Kendrick,
(Bap.) ordained in 1801. Episco;
pal society formed in 1793.
North by Plainsouth by
Claremont, and west by Windsor,
Vermont. Area, 23,160 acres.
Boundaries.
field,
east by Croydon,
Distances.
Twelve miles north-
west from Newport, and fifty miles
north-west by west from Concord.
Railroads.
Sullivan
Railroad,
seven miles from the village of
Cornish Flat, passes through the
town. The nearest depot, from
which there is a public conveyance to Cornish Flat is Claremont,
ten miles, the terminus of the Sugar River Railroad, and Lebanon,
ten miles, on the Northern (N. H.)
Railroad.
�CROYDON
CROYDON.
moist and produces valuable
crops.
Mountains. Croydon Mountain
extends across the western part of
the town, and is the highest elevation in Sullivan County.
Rivers and Ponds. The north
branch of Sugar River crosses it in
a south-westerly direction, and affords some of the best water power there is in the county, though at
the present time but very little improved. The Sugar River Railroad passes within five or six miles
of this valuable water power, and
no doubt within a few years much
of it will be improved by valuable
mills of various kinds. There are
several ponds, the largest of which
are Long Pond, Rock Pond, Gov-
and
ernor's
Some
Spectacle
of these
stored with
Ponds.
Employments. Croydon is considered a farming town, and for
years it has enjoyed the reputation
of furnishing the best qualities of
butter and cheese of any town in
the county. About 200,000 feet of
lumljer is annually sawed. Also a
mill to manufacture Excelsior.
Annual value of agme-
ricultural products, $82,475;
chanical labor, $3,000 deposits in
savings banks, $28,225.
;
Schools.
Area, 26,000 acres.
Forty - four miles
Distances.
north-west from Concord and six
from Newport.
Railroads. Six miles to the depot at Newport, on the Sugar River Railroad.
DALTOIV.
Coos County. The western and
southern part of this town is hilly.
The soil on the high land is fertile
and easy of cultivation, producing
fine crops of wheat, &c.
Rivers and Ponds. Connecticut
and John's rivers are the principal
rivers. Fifteen Mile Falls in the
Connecticut commence in this
town and flow rapidly along its
north-western border. There are
also several large brooks; the
whole affording many
There are seven schools
town; average length for the
year, ten weeks.
First Minister. Rev. Jacob Haven ordained in 1788.
First Settler. Samuel Chase and
in
others in 1763.
Boundaries.
North by Grantham, east by Springfield and Sunapee, south by Newport and west
water
fine
Blake's Pond lies in
the south-east part, and was named
privileges.
for
one of the
is
ponds are well
fish.
Resources.
123
by Cornish.
Sullivan County. This town
is hilly, uneven and rocky, but the
soil is
DALTON.
considerable
There
first settlers.
lumber
in
this
town, of a good quality.
Employments. Agriculture is the
prevailing business of the people,
but many are extensively engaged
lumbering business. Over
lumber are annually produced, and 125 tons of
starch annually manufactured.
Resources. Annual productions
of the soil, $80,900 from mechanin the
3,500,000 feet of
;
ical labor, $12,200;
value of stocks
in public funds, $10,300;
hand or
its
money on
at interest, $7,500
in savings banks, .$29
trade, $1,665.
Summer
;
deposstock in
;
tourists,
$3,000.
Churches and Schools.
Congre-
gational Church, no pastor,
Nine
schools in town; average length
for the year, seven weeks.
Hotels.
Summer House,
brook House.
Rose-
�NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER.
124
lumber are annually sawed,
and 200,000 last blocks made.
Resources. Annual productions
of the soil, $85,226 from mechanical labor. $8,600; stocks, bonds
and money on hand or at interest,
First Settlers. Moses Blake and
Walter Bloss were the first settlers.
Blake was a noted hunter and the
moose which frequented the pond
called hy his name often fell by the
fatal ball from his unerring rifle.
The town was incorporated No-
feet of
vember 4, 1784, and received its
name from the Hon. Tristam Dal-
posits in savings banks, $41,019.
ton, a grantee.
First Minister.
North by Lancasand Whitefield, east by Whitefield, south by Littleton, and west
by Lunenburgh, Vermont. Area,
Boundaries.
ter
16,455 acres.
miles
south
through this town, crossing the
Connecticut River near the village.
Stages connect daily to and from
the
Churches and Sclwols. Baptist,
Congregational,
Christian, Rev. J. R. Phillips,,
pastor. There are ten schools in
this town average length for the
year, fourteen weeks.
;
;
First
Settlement.
ment made
First
Summer House and
the depot,
all trains.
ated
June
settle-
in 1771, in the south-
east-part of the town.
Eight
from Lancaster, and one hundred
and twenty-five miles north-west
from Concord.
Railroads. The White Mountain
Railroad passes through the town.
When completed the Portland and
Ogdensburgh Railroad will pass
with
$20,350; stock in trade, $5,140; de-
;
William Hutch-
inson, settled in 1833.
Distances.
;
18, 1795.
It
Incorpor-
was a part
of Alexandria.
Boundaries. North by Grafton
and Alexandria, east by Alexandria and Hill, west by Wilmot and
Grafton, and south by Wilmot.
Area,
19,000 acres;
area of im-
proved land, 12,422 acres.
Distances.
Sixteen miles south-
west from Plymouth, and thirty
north-west from Concord.
Railroads. The Northern Railroad passes through the town near
south-western border. At Danbury depot the trains wait five minutes for refreshments.
its
DANliURY.
Grafton County. This town is
in the southern part of the county
and
form of a diamond.
and uneven, although
some interval. The soil
DANVILLE.
lies in the
It is
there
hilly
is
many portions is good. Fine
crops are produced, and the people
are prosperous and happy, notwithstanding other statements.
in
Rivers.
Smith's River
ly stream of any note.
is
the on-
Employments.
The people are
engaged in farming.
There is a large tannery, which
annually produces leather to the
value of $25,000; some 500,000
principally
Rockingham County.
Dan
was formerly a part of Kings
ton.
The soil is light and the
surface uneven, but in some porville
tions of the town, excellent crops
are produced.
Rivers and Ponds.
Squamscot
River passes through the northwest corner of the town; Long
and Cub Ponds, are the principal
bodies of water.
Employments. Agriculture is the
principal
employment of the peo-
�DEERFIELD.
pie, or
we might
say
it
is
about
125
pine and hemlock are the
oak,
equally divided, between farming
principal kinds of wood.
and manufacturing. Over 100,000
and shoes, are annually
lumber
feet
made; 2,500,000
This town
Ponds and Rivers.
contains several ponds, well stored
sawed, besides coopering, black-
partly in this
smithing, and various other trades.
(See Tables).
Productions of the
Resources.
water.
pairs boots
soil,
$ 18,400
$24,500;
;
mechanical labor,
money
at
interest,
$7,
500; deposits in savings banks, in
the State, $3,100, out of the State,
$35,000; stock in trade, $8,500.
Churches and Schools. F. Baptist, Rev. P. S. Burbank, pastor;
Methodist, Elder Joseph Hayes,
Four schools in town,
pastor.
average length for the year, thirtyseven weeks.
Jonathan SanFirst Settlers.
Jacob Hook, and others
settled between the years 1735 and
1739.
Incorporated February 22,
born,
1760.
First
Ministers.
Rev.
John
Page, settled 1763, died in 1782.
Boundaries. North by Fremont,
east by Kingston, south by Kingston and Hampstead, and west by
Sandown. Area, 7,000 acres im;
Thirty-three
miles
south-east from Concord, and ten
south-west from Exeter.
DEERFIELD.
Rockingham Countt.
Deerfarming town in
the county. The surface is uneven,
but the soil is fertile, and there are
many fine farms under a high state
of cultivation. The orchard products are annually valued at $ 12,
000, and are exceeded by only one
town in the county, and but three
in the State. Rock maple, white
maple, beach, birch, white and red
field is the largest
Pleasant
fish.
Moulton's Pond, in the
account
is noted on
of its having no visible inlet, and
its waters are supposed to be supplied by a subterranean passage.
west
part,
The
outlets of the
pond run
finds its
way
in
One stream
opposite directions.
to the ocean
through
of the Merrimack
River, and the other through the
Piscataqua. A branch of Lamprey
river, passes south and south-east
the
channels
through the town.
Mountains. The principal eleva-
Pawtuckaway, between
town and Nottingham, Saddleback (see North wood), and Fort
Mountain, in the west part. Near
tions, are
this
Mount
Delight, in the west part of
the town, is a natural formation in
the rock, which has for over ninety
years been known as the " Indian
On the east side of the
a natural flight of stone
steps, by which persons may easily
ascend to the top of the rock.
Agriculture is
Employments.
the principal industrial pursuit
of the inhabitants, ranking as the
Camp."
camp,
proved land, 2,900 acres.
Distances.
Pond lies
town and partly in
Northwood. This pond is noted
for its fine, sandy shore, and clear
with
is
town
first
in
the
county,
and
fifteenth in the State, in its value
of agriculture productions.
The manufacture of boots and
shoes
is
carried on quite exten-
much
of the stock being
brought from out of the State, to be
made up. The number pairs annually made is estimated at 230,000
There
pairs, valued at $280,000.
sively,
are
large
quantities
of lumber
�NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER.
126
annually
sawed—2,500,000
feet of
Thomas
moderator,
Simpson,
and Samuel Leavitt, John
Robinson, and Eliphalet Griffin,
boards, 60,000 clapboards, and 500,
000 shingles, are the annual pro-
clerk,
ductions.
Selectmen.
Among
the early set-
from summer tourists, $2,500.
Baptist,
Churches and Schools.
Rev. H. C. Walker, pastor; P. W.
Baptist, Rev. Ira Emery, pastor;
Congregational, no pastor. There
are fifteen school districts, and
fourteen schools in town. Average
length for the year, twenty weeks
were Josiah Prescott, John
James, Nathaniel Weare, David
Haines, Samuel Tilton, Jeremiah
Eastman, and Thomas Jenness.
This town was a favorite resort
for deer, and while the petition for
a charter was pending, a Mr.
Batchelder and Josiah Prescott
killed a fine deer, and presented
it to Gov.
Wentworth, and he
granted the charter under the
name of Deerfield. During the
French and Indian wars, the in-
amount of money annually appro-
habitants lived in garrisons, but
priated for school purposes $2, 178.
78.
F. P. James, Esq., a wealthy
no serious injury was ever experienced from the savages. It is well
authenticated that Major John
Annual production
Resources.
of the
labor,
soil, $178,518; mechanical
$ 57, 900; money at interest,
$52,600; deposits in savings banks,
$82,729; stock in trade, $7,762;
banker in New York, and a native
of this town, is at the present time
(1873,) erecting a fine and substanschool-house in his native
school district, at an expense of
over $3,000, and will endow the
tial
district
with a permanent fund
tlers,
Simpson, of this town,
fired the
gun, on the American side, at
the battle of Bunker Hill. Col.
Stark instructed the men in his
line not to fire a gun till the British had arrived at a certain point
first
be annually appropriated for the
designated by him, which was
within forty paces of the AmeriBut, when the red
can works.
coats had advanced to within the
distance the major (then a private)
called a good shot for a deer, he
could not withstand such a good
chance, and fired, and dropped his
benefit of the public schools,
man.
sufficient to give the scholars of
the district all the school advantages that can be obtained in any
town or city in the State. The
late Hon. Richard Jenness, of
Portsmouth, donated to the town
$5,000, the interest of which is to
addition to the
by law,
in
amount authorized
to be raised for the school
purposes.
Hotels.
Glenwood, Parade, Ex-
change, Centre.
First Settlers.
The
first settlers
On
this the
along the
whole
ber
The first
(town) meeting was holden
this
parish
in
Samuel Leavitt.
Cram, was chosen
at the house of
Wadleigh
1756.
commenced
line.
When
Simpson was reproved for disobeying orders, he replied, he could
not help firing when game, which
he was after, came within gun
Major Simpson died Octoshot.
were John Robinson, Jacob Smith,
Isaac Shepard
and Benjamin
Batchelder,
fii'e
28, 1825.
The names of
town,
who
18 persons,
from
died in the revolu-
tionary struggle for independence,
48 persons gave
are preserved.
up their lives, in the late re-
�127
DEERING.
bellion,
maintain the
to
Summer
becoming quite a resort
ists.
many
From
its
Union.
Deerfield
Resorts.
many
is
for tour-
elevations,
views of the surrounding country can be obtained.
There are but few pleasanter
farming towns in the State.
Rev. Timothy
First Minister.
tine
Upham
(Congregational), ordain-
ed in 1772; died in
1811.
A
Free-
Church was formed
will Baptist
here in 1799.
Boundaries.
;
21,846 acres.
Thirty miles north-
west from Portsmouth, twentytwo north-west from Exeter, and
eighteen miles south-east from
Concord.
Railroads.
Candia and Ray-
mond
are
larger por-
engaged in
Employments.
About
farming.
700,000 feet of
lumber are annually
(See tables.)
Resources.
soil,
produced.
Productions of the
$98,846;
mechanical labor,
and money
$4,100; stocks, bonds,
deposits in
savings banks, $45,569; stock in
at interest, $14,700;
trade, $4,500.
CMirches and Schools. CongreRev. Morris Holman,
pastor; Methodist, Rev. L. W.
gational,
North by Northwood, east by Nottingham, south
by Candia and Raymond, and we^t
by Epsom and Allenstown. Area,
28,254 acres area improved land,
Distances.
The
tion of the people are
the nearest points to
At the north-west
part of the town Epsom Station,
on the Suncook Railroad, would
any railroad.
be the nearest point.
DGERIIVG.
is
favorable to the
several purposes of agriculture.
Ponds and Streams.
were the
first
in
settlers,
1765.
The name was given to this town
by Hon. John Wentworth, in honwhose name, before
It was
marriage, was Deering.
incorporated Januai-y 17, 1774.
First Minister. Congregational,
established in 1789, Rev. William
Sleigh, ordained in 1801, dismissed
or of his wife,
in 1807.
Hillsborough County.
This
town is diversified with hills and
The soil is strong and
valleys.
productive, and
pastor. Deering Academy, located at Deering Centre.
There are eleven schools in town.
Average length for the year, seventeen weeks.
Appleton House.
Hotel.
Alexander
First Settlement.
Robinson and William McKean
Prescott,
Dudley's
Pecker's, and Fullon's ponds are
the principal bodies of water.
The two former are the soui'ces of
the north branch of the Piscataquog River.
The town is well
watered by small streams, which
afford some good water privileges.
Minerals. In the north part of
the town, is a mine of Plumbago.
North by HillsBoundaries.
borough and Henniker, east by
Weare, south by Francestown and
Bennington, and west by Antrim.
Improved land, 12,963 acres.
Twenty-three miles
Distances.
south-west from Concord twentytwo north-west from Amherst,
and eighteen miles north-west
from Manchester.
Railroads. Connected by stage,
three times a week, with Oil
Mills, 12 miles, on the Manchester
and North Weare Railroad Hillsborough Bridge, four miles, is the
;
;
nearest
railroad
station.
The
�NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER.
128
Hillsborough and Peterborough
Railroad will pass through the
western part of this town, when
completed.
DERRY.
one of the best townships in the
county for agriculture. The soil
is strong, productive and well culis
The
tivated.
inhabitants are not-
ed for their industry, wealth and
general intelligence. Some over
a mile from Derry depot is located
Derry village on elevated ground,
and commanding a fine view of
the surrounding country. It is a
delightful village and is a great
resort for
summer
tourists.
Beaver Pond
Ponds.
in this
a fine sheet of water,
nearly surrounded by gentle rising
town
is
hills.
Agriculture is
the principal employment of the
inhabitants. Shoe business is carried on quite extensively, nearly
Employments.
made.
by H. R. Underhill;
ribs for loom reeds, Benjamin
Chase; 400,000 shingles and 500,
000 feet of boards annually sawed.
190,000 pairs being annually
Edge
$
141,268;
$75,800;
money
principal.
condition.
Banks. Derry National Bank;
Derry Savings Bank. (See tables.)
First Settlement. This town was
formerly a part of Chester and
Londonderry. Incorporated July
2, 1827.
North by Auburn
Boundaries.
and Chester, east by Sandown and
Hampstead, south by Salem and
Windham and west by LondonArea of improved land,
derry.
12,120 acres.
Distances. Eighteen miles southwest from Exeter and twenty-five
south-east from Concord.
Manchester and
Railroads.
Lawrence Railroad passes through
the south-west section of the town
DIXVILLE.
Much of this
Coos County.
town is in its primeval state, but
being cultivated.
somewhat rocky
and rugged, but there is some very
little
surface
;
;
in trade, $24,506.
The resources
town show that
it is
in a
flourishing condition in its various
branches of industrial pursuits.
Churches and Schools. Congregational, Rev. Robert Haskins,
pastor; Methodist, Elder A. E.
Higgins, east.
There are eleven
schools in town; average length
for the year twenty-four weeks.
Rail-
at the depot.
The
$ 43,600 stocks
and bonds, $21,840; deposits in
stock
savings banks, $ 150,401
of this
Sanders' Hotel;
Hotels.
way House,
very
tourists, §8,000;
These Institutions
are popular and are in a flourishing
mechanical labor,
summer
E. L. Taylor, pre-
Pinkerton Academy has
a fund of $ 20,000, Mr. G. T. Tut-
Productions of the
at interest,
Adams
ceptress.
tools
Resources.
soil,
$4,200, Miss
tle,
Derry
Rockingham County.
Institutions.
Literary
Female Seminary has a fund of
of
it
is
good land.
Streams. This town is watered
by numerous streams, affording
some fine water privileges.
Dixville Notch. This Notch is a
remarkable gap, in the mountains.
It is through this pass, teams go
from Errol to Portland, and it may
be regarded as one of the most remarkable exhibitions of natural
scenery in the State, and is hardly
surpassed in grandeur by the fa-
mous Notch,
of the
White Moun-
�DORCHESTER
ains.
It is evident, that so inter-
—DOVER.
mont and
129
the course of the Con-
when more
necticut river, for several miles,
known, will draw a portion
of the numerous visitants of the
picturesque
scenery of
New-
can be distinctly seen.
Farming is the
Employments.
general occupation of the inhabi-
Hampshire.
tants.
esting a spot as this,
fully
town was
Gen. Timothy Dix of
This
Settlement.
granted to
Boscawen, in 1805. The Dixville
Notch and Dixville road were
named for him. He was father
of Gen. John A. Dix, the present
governor of the State of New- York.
Boundaries. North by Clarksville and grant to Gilmanton academy, east by Dartmouth college
grant and Wentworth's location,
south by Millsfield and Odell, and
west by Columbia, Oolebrook, and
Area, 31,023 acres.
Forty miles north
Distances.
from Lancaster, and one hundred
and seventy-six north from Con-
Stewartstown.
cord.
Grafton County. The
of Dorchester
is
districts,
surface
but the soil is strong, fertile, and
produces good crops of corn, wheat,
potatoes &c.
The
Rivers and Mountains.
south branch of Baker's River, a
Pemigewasset and
Rocky Branch Rivers, pass through
this town, affording some excellent
water power. The intervals along
tributary of the
Baker's River are very fertile,
yielding excellent crops of hay.
Church, Island, and Mc ditchers
ponds, form the head waters of the
Rocky Branch. Little, Norris, and
Smit's ponds are the headwaters of
the Mascomy. Stuart's Mountain,
lies partly in this town, and from its
summit a charming and extensive
view of the surrounding country is
obtained. The green hills of Ver-
and ten schools
in
town
average length, for the year, eleven weeks.
Benjamin Rice
First Settlers.
and Stevens March from Hanover,
This
settled here about 1772.
,
ers,
rocky and uneven,
is
2,400,000 feet of
;
boards &c, 500,000 shingles and
about 17,500 bushels charcoal are
annually produced.
Productions of the
Resources.
mechanical labor,
soil, $71,174;
$19,800; stock in trade, $5,935;
deposits in savings banks, $ 5,860.
ChrisChurches and Schools.
tian church, C. W. Nelson, pastor;
Freewill Baptist, G. W, Jesseman,
pastor. There are twelve school
town
DORCHESTER.
The lumber business
quite extensive
forfeited its first
by failing to
required.
The
to 72 persons,
fulfil
1,
chart-
conditions
was granted
third
May
two
1772.
Boundaries.
North by Wentworth, east by Groton, south by
Canaan, and west by Lyme. Area,
23,040
acres.
Improved
land,
9,531 acres.
Distances.
Fifty miles north-
west from Concord, and twentythree south from Haverhill.
Connects twice a
Railroads.
week by mail coach at west Rumney, on the Boston Concord and
Montreal railroad.
DOVER.
Strafford County. A city and
county seat of justice. It was the
second place in New-Hampshire
where the English set their feet
permanent settlement. In
no section of the State, can be
for a
�NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER.
130
found so dense a population, with
such a variety of villages, fertile
farms and fine country scenery, as
within a radius of ten miles around
Dover. Passing through the city
or vicinity in any direction, the
traveller finds no steep and rugged
mountains, nor sterile plains, but
occasionally ascends gentle swells
of land from the height of which
the eye meets some delightful object a well cultivated field, wind-
—
ing streams, forests and picturesque villages are seen on every
In the southern part of the
side.
neck of land extending
about three miles between the
Piscataqua River on one side and
Bellamy or Back River on the
city is a
The road, from which the
land gently descends toward the
water on either side, presents an
extensive and delightful view of
other.
bays, islands,
and distant moun-
The area of
territory
is
small,
comprising less than 3,000 acres
of improved land, but the soil is
excellent, producing fine crops.
Rivers. Cocheco (or Ouocheco)
River has its source from several
small streams in New Durham,
which
unite
in
Farmington,
whence the river passes through
Rochester, receiving the Isinglass,
and thence through Dover where
joins the waters of the
Salmon
Falls River, the principal tribu-
About
mouth of the
tary of the Piscataqua.
three miles from the
Cocheco, and where the tide water
meets the fresh, is a heavy fall in
the river of thirty-two and a half
feet producing an excellent water
power which
improved
by the Cocheco Manufacturing
Company. Bellamy Bank River
takes a
Cocheco
as the
City.
town
its
Dover
Falls.
the third city or
is
in the State in the value of
manufactured productions, the
fourth in population, and the
fifth
wealth.
The city proper is
located around the Cocheco Falls,
and is the seat of extensive manufacturing and trade.
The river
in
crosses Main Street, and is spanned
by a wide and handsome bridge.
The streets are wide, and many
of them beautifully shaded, while
the private residences are built on
spacious grounds,
affording
lawns and gardens.
The
fine
City Hall
a fine brick building, and located
near the center of the city. Many
is
of the business blocks are large
tains.
it
through the city, and joins with
waters which form the Piscataqua.
There is a good- water power on
this stream, which is generally
Vessels of light burimproved.
then come up the Cocheco, as far
is
south-eastern
course
and expensive buildings, and have
a metropolitan appearance. There
are in the city forty schools, ten
churches, one academy, six banks,
five weekly newspapers, four hotels, between eighty and ninety
stores of all kinds, twelve lawyers,
thirteen physicians, five dentists,
seventeen hundred dwellings, and
about 9,500 inhabitants. There are
a number of expensive church
and the school buildings
by those of any
edifices,
are, not excelled
city in the State.
Manufactories.
Dover has been
many
years, for its ex-
noted, for
tensive
cotton print works, and
the staple or uniform quality of the
goods produced also for its extensive sale boot and shoe manu;
factories.
The Cocheco Manufacturing
Company was incorporated in 1812,
�DOVER.
amended
charter
the
and went
1821,
in
into operation in 1822.
131
and machine shops, $60,000; marand soapstone, $15,000; besides
ble
business of this company is divided into two departments. In
one is the manufacturing of cotton
print cloth, and in the other is
printing calico. The first depart-
photographers, tin workmen, harness makers, blacksmiths, carpen-
ment does not produce two thirds
of the number of yards of cloth
that is printed. The number yards
of cotton cloth wove is 16,000,000
timated at $2,051,000, employing
1484 males and 982 females and
children, who annually receive for
annually, and valued at $1,240,000.
^he number yards of cloth printed
ducing manufactured goods to the
value of $7,352,900.
Resources. Agricultural productions, $55,648; mechanical labor,
$ 1, 120,000 engaged in professional
The
is 31,340,000, valued at $3,447,400.
In 1870 they printed 18,000,000
yards at $2,000,000—this shows the
rapid increase of their business.
The number of hands employed, in
both departments, is 502 males and
687 females and children. F. A.
& J. Sawyer, woolen mills, manufacture flannels and other woolen
goods. Value of goods produced
They employ
eighty-eight males and sixty-nine
in 1870, $340,060,
females and children
There are
eleven sale boot and shoe manufactories, with a capital of $400,000,
employing 655
135
men and
boys,
women, annually making
and
1,150,
ters, painters,
masons, and various
The
other professions.
tal
total capi-
invested in manufactories
their labor,
is
es-
and pro-
$1,120,000,
;
service, trade, transportation.
855
persons,
$513,000;
&c,
stocks,
&c, $209,375; money at interest,
$190,360; stock in trade, $717,
620; deposits in savings banks,
$1,203,307.
Churches and Pastors. Freewill
Rev. I. D. Stewart; C.
Baptist, Rev. W. T. Chase Christian, Rev. J. G. T. Colby; Methodist, Rev. O. H. Jasper, Presiding
Elder of Dover District Rev. C.
W. Millen, pastor Congregational,
Rev. George Spaulding; Episcopal,
Baptist,
;
—
;
000 pairs of boots and shoes of every
description, valued at $1,580,000.
R sv.
man
The Freewill
Baptist printing establishment has a capital of $80,000,
mond,
and employs 12 males and 12 females. Value of productions in
1870, $70,519.
There are also manufactured sand paper and glue
hore.
$125,000; floor oil cloth, $60,000
clothing, $75,000
hats and caps
;
$20,000;
baker's
sash, blinds
carriages
of
bread,
$20,000
and doors, $40,000
kinds,
all
$50,000
lumber sawed, $30,000; newspaper and job printing, $35,000 meal
and flour ground, $45,000 illuminating gas, $30,000 leather tanned,
$25,000; brick, $30,000; foundry
;
;
;
J. B.
Richmond, rector; Ro-
Drum-
Catholic, Rev. C. J.
Brown
priest;
;
Unitarian, T.
W.
Universalist, Rev. J. Cre-
There are forty schools
which thirty are gradAverage length of schools for
ed.
the year, 'thirty-six weeks. There
are 907 male and 980 female scholSchools.
in town, of
ars.
Sixty-five per cent, of this
number
regularly
attend school
through the year. Total amount
of money annually appropriated for
school purposes, $20,937.29 value
of school houses and lots, $140,000.
H. P. Warren is the principal of
the High School. Franklin Acad;
�NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER.
132
(See
Belknap) "sent their boats further
up the river to a neck of land called
Dover Enquirer,
Newspapers.
Dover Gazette, Morning Star, Lo-
by the Indians, Wennichahannat,
but they named it Northam, afterwards *Dover. This settlement
was commenced in 1623. For
emy
is
located in this city.
tables.)
Record,
(See tables.)
cal
in
Foster's
Democrat.
The first newspapers published
Dover were the Political Reposi-
tory and Strafford Record, commenced July 15, 1790 discontinued
;
January 19, 1792; Phenix, from
January 25, 1792, to August 29,
1795 Dover Sun, commenced September 15, 1795.
Banks. Strafford National Bank,
Dover National Bank, Cocheco
National Bank. Total capital invested, $320,000. County of Strafford for Savings, Dover Five Cent
Savings Bank, and Cocheco Savings Bank. Total amount of de;
posits in savings banks, $2,399,258.
(See banks.)
87.
American House, NewHampshire House, Kimball, and
Hotels.
Franklin House.
All these hotels
The American
and New-Hampshire are the largare good houses.
est.
First Settlements.
The
first set-
tlement of Dover was commenced
at
what
is
now known
as
Dover
Neck, a point of land extending
about three miles, between the
Piscataqua on one side, and Bellamy Bank, or Back River, on the
other; the extreme point being
about four miles from the city proper at Cocheco Falls. An English
company, styled the "Company of
Laconia," sent out an expedition to
establish a fishery around the
mouth of the Piscataqua.
A
por-
tion of this expedition landed at
or near Portsmouth, while the rest,
under command of Edward and
William Hilton, fish mongers of
London (as we quote from Dr.
many
years
it
included the princi-
pal part of the population of the
The
meeting house
and was surrounded with entrenchments and flankarts, the remains of which are not
town.
was
first
built here,
entirely obliterated.
Edward Hil-
ton obtained a deed of the land occupied by himself, and included
within the grant Dover, Durham,
Stratham, and part of Newington and Greenland.! For a number of years the town was under
no provincial authority save their
own municipal laws. In 1640 a
written instrument was drawn up,
and signed by forty-one persons,
agreeing to :ibido by the laws of
England, and those enacted by a
majority of their own number.
In 1641, the town voluntarily put
under the jurisdiction of
Massachusetts, and remained so
till 1679, when a commission was
itself
issued
New-Hampshire
and John
of Portsmouth, was the first
forming
into a royal province,
Cutts,
From
president.
this date
up
to
some contention whether this
first named Dover and afterwards
Northam, and sometimes Cocheco. It might
have been so, for there was a continual wrangle with the clergy, some of whom did not
prove themselves above reproach, and some of
these disputes were on Buch frivolous questions. This was prior to 1642.
*There
point was
f There
is
is
but
little
doubt that this
is
a
mistake
— that
part of
Durham, Stratham or Greenland; but
Hilton's purchase included no
now called Dover
and a portion of Newington
on the opposite side of Piscataqua river. The
whole of his purchase did not exceed an area
only that part of Dover
Neck
or Point,
of 3,500 acres.
See early settlements, page 3
�133
DOVER.
it was under various provingovernments, with a continual
wrangle concerning jurisdiction
and authority. In 1741 the final
boundary between Massachusetts
and New-Hampshire was estab-
1741
cial
lished, thus giving the colonies of
New-Hampshire a
distinct gov-
ernment, with Benning
worth as Governor,
Indians. This town, in
ly
settlement,
much
Wentear-
was the scene of
Indian warfare, and
many
its
ing,
June
27,
1689,
Dover was
the scene of one of the greatest
Indian massacres which ever occurred in the State.
It is stated,
this bloody deed was committed
more to revenge certain indignities, perpetrated on the Indians
by Major Waldron, who was a
resident and prominent man of
the town, some thirteen years prior.
By stratagem, he secured some
at
but,
night,
by unac-
countable negligence, no watch
was kept. The Indians were daily in town, visiting and trading
with the inhabitants, as was usual
but still they
in times of peace
had a vigilant eye on everything
;
passing, and patiently watched for
the convenient time to come to
wreak
its
inhabitants were subjected
to savage butchery, or long and
cruel captivity.
Thursday even-
of
retired
their long-pent-up revenge.
hints of this impending
storm had frequently been thrown
out by some of the squaws, but in
such a way that no one could comprehend their full meaning. Some
Some
more cautious people, howhad fears that something
wrong was intended by the savages;
but Waldron, from his
of the
ever,
long experience with them, scouted the idea. On the fatal evening,
told, by a young man, that
town was full of Indians, and
the people were much concerned.
He answered that he knew the Indians, and there was no danger.
The plan which the savages had
arranged, was, that two squaws
he was
the
two hundred Indians, who had, at
some times, exhibited some hostility towards the settlers.
Through
a form of trial, seven, who were
considered the ringleaders, were
immediately hanged, and the remainder were sold into slavery.
should go to each of the garrisons,
in the evening, and ask leave to
lodge by the fire. They were admitted to all but the younger Coffin's garrison, who took himself
for counsel, instead of Major Wal-
The
dron.
this
Indians abroad
a breach of
considered
faith,
and
against him implacable
revenge.
On the Cocheco River,
at Cocheco Falls, at the date of
the massacre, were five garrison
houses three on the north side,
viz. Otis's,Waldron's and Heard's;
on the south side, Peter Coffin's,
and his son's. These houses were
well built, and secured with stout
doors, fastened with strong iron
bars and bolts.
To these houses
the neighboring families usually
swore
—
The squaws were even
shown, at their request, by the
credulous people, how to unfasten
the doors, in case they should want
to go out in the night.
Mesandouit, one of the chiefs,
went to Waldron's garrison, and
was kindly entertained by him,
and by such acts he was lulled into
a sense of security which caused
him a horrid death.
When all had retired, and were
quietly locked in sleep, the gates
were opened, the
signal given,
and
�NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER.
134
the savage horde rushed into the
respective garrisons, and com-
menced
their
of death and
work
cruelty.
Major Waldron, now advanced
in life to the age of eighty years,
awakened by the noise made by
the Indians coming into his apartment, jumped out of bed, and with
his sword, drove them through
two or three doors; but, as he
was returning for other arms, he
was stunned by a blow from a
hatchet, and dragged into the hall,
and seated in an elbow chair, and
asked " Who shall
judge Indians now?' Other cruel
indignities were inflicted on him,
such as that they passed around
him, and cut him across the belly
and breast, with their knives, each
saying "I cross out my account."
By loss of blood he soon fell to
the floor, and death ended his misinsultingly
1
After killing his son-in-law,
Lee, pillaging the house
ery.
Abraham
they took
Lee's daughter, with several oth-
and setting
ers,
and
it
on
fire,
left.
Otis's garrison shared the
He was
same
with several
others, and his wife and child
were carried away. Heard's garrison was saved by the barking of a
fate.
killed,
were entering. Elder Wentworth pushed
them out, and shut the gate, and
held it till the people within were
alarmed, and hastened to the dedog, just as the Indians
house was surprised, but as the Indians had no
enmity against him, they spared
fence.
Coffin's
life, and the lives of his family,
and contented themselves by pillaging the house. They then went
to the house of his son, who had
cautiously refused to admit the
squaws, in the evening, and
his
him
demanded
to
surrender,
promising him quarter.
He refused their offer, and determined
to defend his house, till they
brought his father before his eyes,
and threatened to murder him.
Filial affection broke his first resoBoth
lution, and he surrendered.
families were put into a deserted
house, with the intention of reserving them for prisoners, but the
Indians were so intent on plundering, they suffered
them
to
make
their escape.
In this attack twenty-three persons were killed, and twenty-nine
Five or six
were captivated.
houses, with the mills, were burned.
This surprise was so adroitly
planned, and so expeditiously carried into effect, that, before the inhabitants
in
other parts
of the
town were apprised, the Indians
had made good their escape, with
their prisoners and booty.
In 1691, a party of Indians fired
in the woods
near the settlement. The Indians
were pursued by a body of the
and nearly all were
citizens,
either killed or wounded. In 1696,
three persons were killed and
several wounded and taken prisoners, as they were returning
from church. In 1704, the people
were waylaid as they were coming
from meeting, and one Mark Giles
William Pearl and Nakilled.
upon a young man,
(
were killed in
and Jacob Garland shared
In the
the same fate in 1710.
spring of 1711 and 1712, an attack
was made on the town, and a Mr.
In August, 1723,
Tuttle killed.
Mr. Joseph Ham was killed, and
thaniel Tibbetts
1706,
three of his children carried off
It would require
by the Indians.
a large volume
to fully detail
aU
�DOVER.
the Indian murders and cruelties
which have been
inflicted
upon the
settlers of Dover, consequently want of space debars us
from the attempt.
and Church.
First Ministers
Rev. William R. Leveridge, Congregational, was the first minister
who preached here, and, probably,
the first ordained minister that
ever preached the gospel in NewHampshire. For want of adequate
early
remained but
and removed south.
He
was influenced to come here
•through Lord Say, and commenoed
his services Oct.
next was Rev.
The
1633.
10,
George Burdett,
who came among them in 1G34.
He was elected Governor and was
settled to preach in 1637, but being
detected in
some criminal
made
a precipitate
province of Maine.
acts,
he
the
flight to
A
Congrega-
was established in
1638, by one Capt. John Underhill,
and put in charge of Rev. Hantional church
serd
Knollys,
This
1639.
in
the
First
church was called
Church, being the oldest but one
New-Hampshire. He was followed by Rev. Thomas Larkman,
in 1610.
These two last men
in
proved themselves destitute of
moral character, and were forced
to leave the parish.
The church
being much oppressed by the bad
character
of
1642, called the
Maud
to
the
ministers,
in
pious Rev. Daniel
become
their
pastor.
This charge lie faithfully performed until his death, which occurred
Then followed the Rev.
in 1655.
John Reyner, settled in 1657 died
in 1669. Rev. John Reyner, his
;
son, settled in 1671
;
dismissed in
died in 1764.
Rev. Jonathan dishing, settled in 1717; dis-
ver, settled in 1711;
1715;
missed in 1764.
Rev. Jeremy
Belknap, D. D., settled in 1767;
removed to Boston in 1786, ami
was settled there in 1787.
Dr.
Belknap was the celebrated
died in 1676.
Rev. John Pike, settled in 1681;
died in 1710. Rev. Nicholas Se-
histo-
New-Hampshire. He died
Boston, June 20, 1798.
Rev
rian of
in
Robert Gray, settled
missed in 1805.
two
support,' he
years,
135
Town and
City.
in 1787
;
Dover was
dis-
in-
corporated as a town, October 22,
1641.
A city charter was granted
in June, 1855, and adopted September 1, 1855.
The following
persons have acted as mayors
1856, Andrew Pierce
1857, Thomas E. Sawyer
1858, James Bennett; 1860, Albert Bond;
1861,
Alphonzo Bickford; 1863, William F. Estes; 1866, Joshua G.
Hall; 186*, Eli V. Brewster; 1870,
William S. Stevens.
The population, at various dates,
;
:
is
as follows: in 1777, 1,666; 1790,
1820,
1,998;
1860,
8,502
;
2,871;
1850,
8,186;
Ratable
Assessed valTrue valua-
1870, 9,294.
polls in 1872, 2291.
uation, $5,917,089.
about $9,000,000.
Boundaries. North by Somersworth and Rollinsford, east by Saltion,
mon
Falls river, which separates
from Maine, south by Madbury,
and west by Rochester. Area of
improved land 2,640 acres.
Dista?ices. Forty miles east from
Concord, and sixty-six north from
it
Boston.
Railroads.
The railroad faciliDover are excellent. The
Boston and Maine Railroad which
ties of
connects Boston with Portland,
passes through the centre the Cocheco, a branch of the Boston and
;
Maine, runs to Alton bay, distant
�NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER.
136
nines
twenty-five
where
in the
north-west,
it con-
warm
season,
nects with steamboats running to
all
points on the Winnipiseogee
with the Great
and Conway Railroad for the
White mountains.
The Portsmouth and Dover Railroad, built
lake, also connects
Falls
town. Average length of schools
weeks.
The Rev. Edward Sprague made a
bequest of $8,000 for the support
in
for the year, twenty-four
of public schools. He also left the
$5,000, the interest of which
town
these
to be applied to the support of
an ordained Congregational minister, who shall statedly preach in
Dublin.
eleven miles.
volumes.
the
in
season
of
1873,
connects
two old towns together,
making the distance by rail, about
DUBLIN.
Cheshire County. The surtown is uneven, but
is
Social
Library.
Library,
Settled by
First Settlers.
thew Thurston and others
Incorporated March
29,
1817
Mat-
in 1749.
1871.
It
face of this
was
the soil is strong, yielding fair
crops of corn, oats, hay, &c. The
inhabitants are noted for their
Number
Fairer, Congregational, ordained
energetic spirit in business.
June
Streams and Ponds. Dublin is
situated on the height of land between Merrimack and Connecticut
Rivers; consequently its streams
are small. Center Pond, about one
mile in diameter, is the principal
sheet of water.
Mountains. A large portion of
the grand Monadnock lies in the
south-west part of the town.
Breed's Mountain lies near the
Baptist, ordained
center.
Employments. Agriculture is the
principal occupation of the people.
Three thousand, eight hundred
boxes of clothes pins are annually
manufactured.
Lumbering and
some small manufactories are carried on.
Resources.
of the soil,
From productions
$50,705; mechan-
ical labor, $12,800
est,
$21,532;
$8,400
;
Money at inter-
stocks
and bonds,
deposits in savings banks,
$108,206; stock in trade, $6,400.
;
Churches and Schools. Unitarian,
G. M. Rice, pastor; Trinitarian,
no pastor. There are ten schools
Monadnock
originally called
Three.
Ministers.
First
Rev. Joseph
Rev. Elijah Willard,
10, 1772.
June
5, 1793.
Boundaries. North by Ilarrisville, east by Peterborough, south
by Jaffrey, and west by Marlborough. A portion of Harrisville
was taken from the north part of
this
town
in July, 1870.
Distances.
Ffty miles south-west
from Concord and ten south-east
from Keene.
Railroads. Peterborough Depot,
six miles, on Monadnock Railroad.
Stage on Mondays, Wednesdays
and Fridays.
.VI
.UK E£.
Coos County.
The
IDH
surface
is
rocky and uneven, but the soil is
strong, and good crops of oats,
potatoes
produced.
barley,
and
hay
are
Rivers. Androscoggin and Little
Ammonoosuc
cipal streams.
Rivers are the prinIn the latter are
the Pontook Falls.
Employments. Agriculture is the
principal vocation of the inhabitants.
Over
400,000 feet of
sawed
�137
DUNBARTON.
lumber, of
6a wed.
all
duced.
rifles
are
Products of the
soil,
scythe
25,000
made.
Productions of the
mechanical labor,
Resources.
§36,865;
soil,
kinds, are annually
Resources.
$91,111; mechanical labor, $5. 100
money
$1,000; stock in trade, $500.
Schools. There are six schools
stocks and
average length for the year, ten
weeks.
savings banks, $100,306; stock in
The town was
Churches and Schools. Baptist,
Rev. Samuel Woodbury, pastor;
Congregational, Rev. G. I. Bard,
pastor Episcopal, Rev. J. H. Coit,
rector. There are eleven schools
in this town; average length for
the year, twelve weeks.
Libraries. Episcopal Parish Library, 500 volumes.
First Settlement.
Mark H. Wentworth,
granted to
March
cember
8,
Incorporated De-
1773.
19, 1848.
at
bonds, $3,000;
trade, $18,848.
;
North by Millsfield and Erroll, east by Cambridge, south by Milan, and west
by Stark and Odell. Area, 23,041
acres area of improved land, 2019
Boundaries.
;
The
First Settlers.
acree.
One hundred and
Distances.
deposits in
interest, $11,200;
of Dunbarton
first settlers
were principally de-
sixty miles north from Concord,
scendants of Scotch-Irish, so called
from Lancas-
from the fact that their -incestors
emigrated from Scotland to Ire-
and
thirty north-east
ter.
Grand Trunk
Rail-
1751,
The town was
land.
road, near the south-west corner
Railroads.
proprietors. It
DVNBARTON.
town," in honor of the principal
Merrimack County. There
are many hills and no mountains
in this town.
The
good.
The situation
is
is
ele-
pure and the water
soil is
granted, in
Stark, Caleb
Page, and others, by the Masonian
was called " Stark's
of the town.
vated, the air
to Archibald
of the best qual-
proprietor.
It received its present
name from Dunbarton, in Scotland. The first settlement was
made about 1749, by Joseph PutJames Rogers, William PutFoster.
The
town was incorporated August
ney,
and well adapted to the growth
of corn, wheat and fruit. Some of
the finest specimens of apples in
the Oounty are produced here.
Concord furnishes an excellent
market for all the surplus products
ney and Obadiah
of the farmers, who are generally
industrious and successful husbandmen. The people are noted
for their wealthy and prosperous
condition, as their resources will
ton and Bow, east by Bow and
Hooksett, south by Goffstown, and
plainly show.
from Concord.
ity,
Employments.
are
riculture.
of
The
inhabitants
engaged in ag700,000 feet of lumber,
principally
all
kinds, are
annually pro-
10, 1765.
First
Minister.
Rev.
Walter
Harris, ordained August 26, 1789.
Boundaries.
North by Hopkin-
west by Weare. Area 21,000 acres,
improved land, 16,533 acres.
Distances.
Railroads.
Nine miles
By
south
daily stage
to
East Weare station, three miles, on
the Manchester and North
Railroad.
Weare
�NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER.
138
DIRHAH.
Strafford County. This town
favorably situated on the Piscataqua and Oyster rivers, both as to
water power and transportation,
as tide water conies up to the falls,
Oyster River a
at the village.
branch of the Piscataqua, takes its
rise in Wheelwright's pond in Lee,
and after running nearly its whole
is
course in Durham, furnishing
several good mill sites, meets the
water at Durham
tide
The
river takes
abundance
found near
of
its
its
village.
name from
the
formerly
confluence with the
oysters
quite a resort for invalids and
pleasure
seekers,
some forty
staying there through the warm
weather.
Resources. Annual value of farm
productions, 8108,133; manufactured productions, 8152,200 money
in savings banks, stock and bonds
on hand or at interest, 8139,800;
;
from summer
First
tourists,
8
1,000.
Durham
Settlers.
was
originally a part of Dover,
and
was included in Hilton's grant,*
but as the number of settlers increased, it soon became a distinct
parish by the name of Oyster River.
of the Piscataqua, runs through
Before any settlement had been
made by the white men, it was a
famous rendezvous for the Indians,
the westerly part of the town, over
several falls well adapted for mill
ment
Piscataqua.
Lamprey River, another branch
then into the town of NewMarket, and meets the tide water
at Lamprey River village in that
town.
Upon both sides of Oyster river
there is a deep, rich loam, which
is suitably adpated to the producsites,
tion of grass of
which heavy crops
is an article of
are cut, and hay
export, there being over 1,500 tons
sent to the Boston
market annu-
Good crops of corn, barley,
potatoes, &c, are also raised. The
town abounds in excellent granite,
ally.
which is a source of much profitable
employment to the inhabitants.
There is conManufactories.
siderable manufacturing in town.
One Paper
Mill annually
manu-
factures 309 tons wall paper, valued
at 869,365.
Nut and Bolt manu-
factory, annually
manufactures 250
tons of nuts and bolts, valued at
840.000, eighteen thousand pairs
of boots and shoes are annually
made, valued at 822,500.
Summer
Tourists.
Durham
is
and
for
many years
after the settle-
by
suffered exceedingly
it
Indian depredations and murders.
We append a few extracts giving
accounts of their deeds of cruelty,
which the
first settlers
suffered.
In 1694, when a large part of the
inhabitants had marched to the
westward, the Indians who were
dispersed in the woods about Oyster River, having diligently observed the number of men in one
of the garrisons, rushed upon
eighteen of them, as they were
going to their morning devotions;
and, having cut off their retreat
from the house, put them all to
death except one, who fortunately
escaped. They then attacked the
house, in which there were only
two boys, besides the women and
children. The boys kept them off
for
some
time, and
wounded
sev-
At length the Indians set fire to the house, and even
then, the boys would not surrender
till the Indians had promised to
spare their lives. The latter, however, perfidiously murdered three
eral of
them.
* See Dover.
�EAST KINGSTON.
or four of the children, one of
whom they fixed upon a sharp
stick, in the view of its mother.
The next spring, the Indians nar-
rowly watched the frontiers, to determine the safest and most vulnerable points of attack. The settlement at Oyster River was
selected for destruction.
Here
were twelve garrisoned houses,
amply sufficient for the reception
of the inhabitants but, not apprehending any danger, many of the
families remained in their unfortified houses, and those who were
;
in the garrisons,
were
indifferently
prepared for a siege, as they were
destitute of powder. The enemy
approached the place undiscovered, and halted near the Falls.
One John Dean, whose house
stood near the Falls, happening to
rise very early for a journey, before the dawn of day, was shot as he
came out
of his door.
now commenced on
The attack
all
points,
cruelties
were perpetrated, when
Major-General John Sullivan, of
was a resident of this town, and died here
the revolutionary army,
Jan.
trict
On
disasters are given in Belknap's val-
uable history of New-IIanipshire,
to which the reader is referred.
a native of
Judge of New-Hampshire.
occasions, he proved him-
all
self the firm supporter of the rights
of the country.
The Hon. Ebenezer Thompson,
Winborn Adams, and Hon.
George Frost, were also residents
of this town. The town was inCol.
corporated,
May
15, 1732.
Rev. Hugh Adams, settled in 1718, dismissed in
1739; Rev. Nicholas Gilman, ordained in 1741, died in 1748; Rev.
First Ministers.
John Adams,
settled in 1748, dis-
missed in 1778
;
Rev. Curtis Coe,
settled in 1780, dismissed in 1805.
Boundaries North by Madbury,
by Little and Great Bays,
south by New-Market, and west
by Lee. Area, 14,970 acres improved land, 9,948 acres.
Distances.
Thirty-five miles
south-east from Concord, eleven
north-west from Portsmouth and
five south from Dover
Railroads.
The Boston and
Maine Railroad passes through
this town in a northerly and
;
v
southerly direction.
the Indians, fearing that the inhabitants from the neighboring settle-
ments would collect against them,
retreated, having killed or captured between ninety and a hundred persons, and destroyed twenty houses, five of which were garrisoned. Minute accounts of these
He was
23, 1795.
Berwick, Maine, and was a distinguished commander during the
war; was President of the State
three years, and afterwards Dis-
east
where the enemy was ready. They
entered the house of a Mr. Adams,
without resistance, where they
murdered fourteen persons, whose
graves can still be traced. The
house of John Buss, the minister,
was destroyed, together with his
valuable library. He was absent
at the time, and his wife and family fled to the woods.
Many other
139
EAST KINGSTON.
Rockingham County.
surface of this
town
is
The
somewhat
uneven, but the excellent soil is
well adapted to the cultivation of
grasses and grains.
Powow River, having
source from ponds in Kingston,
passes through the south-west part
River.
its
of this town.
�NEW-HAMPSniRE GAZETTEER.
140
Employments.
Farming is the
principal occupation of the inhab-
crops of corn, potatoes, hay,
&c. The soil on the plains is a
sandy loam, and was formerly covered with an excellent growth of
fair
some of the farms being
itants,
under a high
96,000 pairs
state of cultivation.
womens
shoes are annually made. There is also quite
an extensive manufactory of stiffenings and inner soles, employing
pine.
Streams and Ponds. There are
no streams of any note in this
town. There are several ponds,
of which Snell's Pond is the prin-
twenty hands. 700,000 feet of lumber are sawed annually.
Resources.
Productions of the
soil, $44,611; mechanical labor,
cipal one.
Minerals.
quality
is
Iron ore of good
found here also a vein
;
$ 32,500 stocks and money at interest, $ 6,650
deposits in savings
of sulphuret of lead
banks, §3,750;
inhabitants
;
Employments.
;
stock
in
trade,
Nearly all of the
engaged in ag-
are
There
some lumber
$9,415.
riculture.
Churches and SeJiools.
Methodist, Rev. J. W. Sanborn, pastor.
There are four schools in town;
average length for the year, twenty-two weeks. Jeremiah Morrill,
business carried on.
Resources.
Agricultural
Esq.,
.$
bequeathed
to
2,000, the interest of
this
ucts,
is
;
Churches and Schools.
to
be applied for the benefit of public schools in East Kingston.
First
fin,
Incorporated,
Rev. Peter Cof-
length of schools for the year, seventeen weeks.
William
Settlers.
ordained
in
1739,
W.
and
dismissed
in 1792.
,
S.
Merrill,
Boundaries.
North by Brentwood and Exeter, east by Kensington, south by South Hampton, and
west by Kingston.
Area. 3,445 acres of improved
land.
Forty-two
miles
south-east from Concord, six south
from
Exeter and twenty miles
south-west from Portsmouth.
Railroads.
Boston and Maine
Railroad.
EATON.
Carroll County. The surface
of this town is uneven. The soil
on the uplands
is
good, producing
pastors.
Robinson's Hotel.
Hotel.
First Settlers.
Distances.
Two Free-
will Baptists, Rev. J. Fletcher
and
There
are eleven school districts and
eight schools in town. Average
Abraham Smith.
November 17, 1738.
First Minister.
prod-
mechanical labor,
$4.500 money at interest, $3,988
deposits in savings banks, $3,441
stock in trade, $2,500.
town,
which
$92,614;
is
Eaton was grant-
ed to Clement March and sixty-five
others,
November
6,
1766.
It
included the town of
Madison, the whole with an area
of 33,637 acres.
First Church. A Baptist Church
originally
was formed
in 1800.
Boundaries. North by Conway,
east by Broomfield, Maine
South
by Freedom, and west by Madison.
Distances.
Seventy - one miles
north-east from
Concord, and
twenty-two north from Ossipee.
Railroads. The Great Falls and
Conway and Portland and Ogd ensburg Railroads form a junction at
North Conway, ten miles distant.
;
'
�EFFLNGIIAM
Conway Cor-
Six miles to depot at
ner,
on the Gt. F.
&
— ELLSWORTH.
C. R. R.
but a few years before the Revolution. Incorporated August 18,
1788.
EFFSNfillAITI.
Ministers.
First
Carroll County. The surface
of this town is uneven, there being several mountains of consider-
The
able elevation.
soil in
some
very good, and excellent
crops of wheat, corn, oats and hay
are produced.
Rivers
and Ponds. Ossipee
River and a few of its tributaries
are the only streams. Near Ossipee River is a pond four hundred
rods long, and two hundred and
seventy wide. Between Effiingham and Wakefield lies Province
Pond. There are three small villages in town, with post-offices,
viz. South, Center, and Effingham
parts
is
Falls.
Employments. Agriculture
is
the
employment of the inhabitants. There are various kinds
of manufactories in town, of which
principal
lumber, shoe pegs, bobbins, rakes,
and
grist mills are the principal
ones.
Agricultural
Resources.
ucts,
$5,000
$93,306;
:
money
prod-
mechanical labor,
at interest,
$4,459;
deposits in savings banks, $29.95;
stock in trade, $5,900.
ChrisChurches and Schools.
Rev. J. M. Colburn, pastor
Freewill Baptist, Rev. J. P. StinchMethodist and Confield, pastor
There are
gregational,
nine schools in town; average
length for the year, fifteen weeks.
tian,
;
.
Hotel.
Green Mountain House.
Masonic
Institution.
Literary
Institute, at the Center, J.
M. Co-
Settlements.
Effingham
was formerly called Leavitt's
Town. The first settlement was
Rev. Gideon
Congregational, settled in
1803 died in 1805.
Boundaries. North by Freedom
East by Maine line; south and
Area, 30,000
west by Ossipee.
Burt,
;
acres
improved land,
;
Sixty
Distances.
east from Concord,
9,025 acres.
miles
and
north-
five
north
from Ossipee.
Railroads. Great Falls and Con-
way
ELLSWORTH.
Grafton County.
This is a
romantic hamlet situated high up
in a great basin among the hills,
isolated from the rest of the world,
and full of tarns, brooks and mountains.
Ellsworth Pond, in the
south-east part of the town, contains about one hundred acres,
and affords a fine mill stream
called West Branch brook. Moulton brook, from Warren and Buzzell brook flows into this pond.
One of the three Glen Ponds is on
the western boundary, and a portion of Stinson Pond on the south
line.
Stinson brook flows through
the west part, and in the north
part is Kineo brook and Hubbard
brook, an affluent of Hubbard
Pond, in Woodstock. Mt. Kineo,
3,557 feet high, so called from an
Indian chief, is in the center, and
Black hill, formerly a great place
for moose, is in the valley between
Mt. Kineo and Mt. Carr. In the
south part
is
a portion of Stinson
mountain.
Indians.
burn, principal.
First
141
This basin was for-
merly a noted resort of Indians who
visited
ing.
it
for the purpose of hunt-
Relics of
them have been
�NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER.
142
found on the shores of Glen ponds.
Kineo, the chief, named from Eunnawa, meaning the bear, hunted on
the mountain bearing his name.
Ellsworth was
First Settlers.
granted to Barlow Trecothiek, May
1,
1769,
and was called Trecothiek
until 1802,
ed.
It
when
was
it
was
incorporat-
settled in 1792,
by Col.
station
Rumney,
is
North by Woodby Thornton and Campton, south by Rumney and West
by Warren.
Distances. Fifty-two miles from
Concord, and eighty-four from
Portsmouth.
Boundaries.
stock, east
Shortly after, Jonathan
T. Downing, Aaron Straw, and
Craige.
Gideon
The
moved
Hill,
into
town.
inhabitants, although not very
comforts of life, and
are a contented, frugal, virtuous
rich, enjoy the
and happy people.
First Minister.
tist
society
1820,
and
A Freewill Bap-
was formed previous to
Blake was the first
Israel
Employments.
successfully
ENFIELD.
Grafton County. The
Agriculture is
carried on.
Much
maple sugar is made and considerable lumber sent to market. Clover seed in large quantities was
formerly sold.
Resources.
Agricultural products, $20,800;
mechanical labor,
$1,700; stock in trade, $900.
Churches and Schools.
Freewill
Baptist, no pastor. There are two
schools in town; average length
weeks.
Summer Resorts. Ellsworth has
always been a noted summer refor the year, six
Hundreds of hunters, trappers and fishermen visit it every
year, and the basin in which Glen
sort.
ponds are situated
tourists each season.
is
alive with
There are no
spruce camp and
the lodge of green boughs answer
every purpose.
Minerals. In the neighbornood
of Stinson pond are numerous ores
and minerals, and on some of the
streams gold has been found.
Railroads. The nearest railroad
hotels, but the
town
surface
uneven, but the soil
is considered good, producing excellent crops of corn, wheat, oats,
of the
is
hay and potatoes. On many of the
and mountain sides are fine
pastures for sheep and cattle.
hills
Enfield
towns
minister.
six miles dis-
tant.
tiful
is
noted
among northern
for its diversified
scenery,
and beau-
its rivulets,
—the
valleys and hills
lakelets,
hills cult!
vated to their tops, and, in the
western part, rising into a considerable elevation, knoAvn as Mount
Calm, whose summits embosom a
pond two thirds of a mile long and
a third of a mile wide, and here
and there sink down into quiet
glens, fertilized by streamlets, and
dotted with farm houses. East,
Choate's, Jones, Shaker,
Goodhue
and George, are the names of the
principal hills, and Mascomy Lake,
East Pond or Crystal Lake, Spectacles, George, Mountain, and Mud
ponds, are the principal bodies oi
water/with mills at their outlets.
Mud Pond is mostly in Canaan.
Mascomy
River, taking its rise in
Dorchester, and running through
Canaan, is a considerable stream,
emptying into Mascomy Lake in
the north-west part. From marks
of a former shore running round
it, and logs found a dozen feet below the surface of the plain, extending about a mile south, this
�143
ENFIELD.
and
beautiful lake, four miles in length,
the Peace,
and of various breadths, would
seem to have been anciently considerably longer, and some thirty
Captain Richard Currier, whose
it now is at high
water mark, and its fall to have
been caused by a disruption and
lowering of its outlet in Lebanon.
At its head it receives a brook running from George Pond through
Centre Village, on which stream
are mills and factories. The other
principal brooks are Bicknell's,
flowing into, and Johnson's, flowing out of, East Pond, on both of
which are saw mills. At the foot
bf East Hill, about two miles easterly from the head of Mascomy
Lake, is East Pond or Crystal
Lake, with its single islet, whose
deep, clear water, about two miles
in length and three-fourths of a
mile in width, once abounded in
salmon trout weighing from two to
ten pounds, but which have been
exterminated by pickerel, introduced into the pond about half a
century ago. At the outlet of this
lake is one of the best unimproved
water privileges in the county.
feet higher than
Here was erected the first grist
mill and store in the town. The
village here was long known as
Johnson's mills, but now as East
village.
It was once the centre of
business of this and the adjoining
towns.
its
first
clothier,
house, erected before 1800, is in
possession 'of one of his grandsons.
Villages.
North Enfield* is one
of the most enterprising and important villages in the southern part
of Grafton County. It is located
on Mascomy river, about one half
mile from where it discharges its
waters into Mascomy Lake. The
river at this village produces some
very fine water power, which is
generally improved. There is one
card printing and job office, large
bedstead manufactory, two flannel
and hosiery mills, one of the largest grist mills in the State, large
tannery, lumber mill and various
other small shops. These various
manufactories employ about one
hundred males and females, who
annually receive for their labor
about $40,000, and produce goods
There are
valued at $365,000.
also six stores of all kinds, one
hotel, two churches, one large
graded school house, and about one
hundred dwelling houses.
The
Northern Railroad passes along
the southern border of the village,
where there is a depot, telegraph
and express office. At the Centre
there is quite a pretty village, with
considerable manufacturing. Here
is one hosiery manufactory, carriage and sleigh manufactory, tan-
two lumber
Here stands the mansion of
Judge Jesse Johnson, erected in
1803, and the occasional summer
nery,
x'esidence of his surviving children
two
and descendants. The old mansion house of Judge Johnson is
now owned by his son, George W.
mills, mai'ble
office,
Johnson, Esq., of Gasport, N. Y.
And here also resided two of the
town's eaidy and worthy citizens,
George Conant, Esq., Justice of
shop, grist mill, printing office and
other small shops. There are also
one good hotel, postone church, a large school
house, and about fifty dwelling
houses, some of which are very
fine dwellings. The Hon, James
TV. Johnson resides here, and has
*
stores,
The post
Eufield.
office
address of this village
is
�NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER.
144
one of the finest country residences
in the State. This village lies
three miles south-east from North
Enfield depot, and is connected
with it by stage, twice, daily.
At East Enfield there is a church,
school house,
saw
mill,
two or
three small shops, and eight or ten
dwellings.
Shaker village
is
located on the
south-western shore of Mascomy
lake. This village is divided into
what is termed three
families, viz.,
North, Center or Church, and
South families. The village is located about midway between the
two extremes of the lake, and they
own all the land on the lake for
The plain
two miles.
where the village is situated is
very narrow between the lake and
neai-ly
the hill (which rises quite abruptly),
but the
productive.
is very rich and
About twenty acres
soil
of their land, they devote to the
raising of garden seeds, and botan-
medicinal herbs. The hills afford some of the finest pasturage
Every thing about
in the State.
their fai-ms has an air of neatness.
Their cattle, horses and sheep are
of the very best quality, showing,
ic
with
all
their
peculiarities,
that
they are husbandmen whom it
would be for the interest of every
New-Hampshire farmer
Their
home farm
1,500 acres.
to imitate.
contains about
Their buildings are
modestly neat, and built more for
convenience and durability, than
beauty, although some of their
buildings have an expensive appearance, which is the fact. In
1837, the middle family built a
large stone building, four stories
high, 100 feet long and 56 wide. It
surmounted by a cupola, in
which is a bell weighing 800 lbs.
is
Every stone in the building is
mented and further fastened
ceto-
gether with iron trunnels.
The
whole expense of the building was
$ 35,000. At the time of its erection, it was considered the most
expensive building in the State,
except the State House. It is deThere are
voted to family use.
some other very good buildings,
among which is a large barn, the
most convenient of any in the State.
Their manufactures are not very
extensive, but their goods are of
the very best quality. They consist
of knit
goods,
tubs,
pails,
brooms, and distilled valerian, &c.
The annual value of valerian sold
The estimated
is about $4,000.
amount of all goods sold annually,
including garden seeds, is over
$ 30,000. All of the families worship together, and are under one
general board of Trustees. Their
number is about 200. As to their
religious creed, please see Canter-
bury, and for their early settlement
in Enfield, look at the early set-
tlement of the town.
greatest tragedies
One
of the
which ever
oc-
curred among the Shakers in this
town, was the murder of Caleb M.
Dyer by one Thomas Weir, in 1864.
their chief man in
business affairs, and was
extensively known throughout the
Mr. Dyer was
all their
and noted for his business
and honesty. Weir was an
unprincipled fellow, and voluntarily placed his children under the
State,
tact,
protection of the Shakers, but after
his return from the war he wished
to regain them.
Weir was
suffer-
ed to see them once or twice, but
he still called and insisted on havAt length his
ing the children.
frequent visits became a nuisance,
and Mr. Dyer refused to let him
�145
ENFIELD.
see the children,* at an unseasonable hour, and as the children did
not wish to leave their benefactors.
Of course Weir was more irritated,
and the next time came prepared
to see the children or seek revenge.
before, he was refused, and
while Mr. Dyer was trying to reason with him, he drew his pistol
and shot Dyer, the wound proving
fatal in a short time.
The loss of
Mr. Dyer was deeply felt by the
As
Historical Society.
There
is
a
historical society organized in this
town.
The Town's Early History.
In
year following the conquest of Canada by England, which
put a stop to the frequent murderous raids of the French and Indians from that quarter, upon the
1761, the
outlying
New-England settlements,
preventing their extension northwards, a rush of emigration took
business circles
pleasure to know
place in that direction from Massachusetts, Connecticut and South-
expiating his crime
under a sentence of thirty years and one day.
He was 52 years of age when he
ern New-Hampshire, the Governor of the latter State, having in
that one year chartered 60 towns
west and 18 east of the Connecti-
committed the crime, which virtually makes it a life sentence.
cut and Enfield, among them,
July 4th, exactly 15 years before
the Declaration of Independence.
Shakers, and
the
all
who had
Weir
him.
is
in the State Prison
Employments.
The people are
generally employed in agriculture,
manufactures are valuable, amounting to
over $ 450,000 annually.
but, as can be seen, the
Productions of the
Resources.
soil, $125,460; mechanical labor,
$54,300; stocks and bonds, $13,
900; money at interest, $49,550;
deposits in savings banks, $ 77,
520; stock in trade, $40,000.
Churjies and Schools.
Congregational, Rev. V. J. Hartshorn,
pastor;
Methodist, Rev. C. II.
Chase, pastor; Universalist, Rev.
C. Hayford, pastor;
S.
Henry Cummings,
There are
Shakers,
elder.
15 school districts
town
and
average length
for the year, 22 weeks; annual
amount appropriated for school
16 schools in
pui'poses,
Hotels.
Enfield,
$
;
2,420.73.
Granite State House at
and Mount Calm House
at the Center.
* It
on good authority, that the
wero opposed to leaving.
One still
remains with thew.
two
is
girls
stated,
Enfield, in the charter spelled
Endfield,
named
probably
Enfield in Connecticut,
after
was grant-
ed to 60 persons, all of whom,
(except 10 who were doubtless the
Governor's favorites, and resided
in or near Portsmouth), were wellto-do inhabitants of Eastern Connecticut, and most of them of
Windham
County.
The meetings
of these proprietors, were held at
inn of Amariah Storrs, at
Mansfield in that County, the first
twelve years, till December 1773,
after which they took place in Enfield or vicinity. But two or three
of the original proprietors, ever
resided in town. The book containing their proceedings from
December, 1773 to April 1781, has
the
been
lost.
The Governor
in this,
as probably in his other charters,
secured to himself the lion's share
—a select 500 acres, as marked on
the charter map — and among other
conditions, required, under penalty
of forfeiture, that the proprietors
�NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER.
146
should " plant and cultivate " about
2,000 acres, in the first five years, a
condition that, interested as many
them were in the settlement of
of
new townships, they found
themselves unable to perform. In
other
1766, a few months before the five
years expired, they dispatched Mr.
John
from Connecticut to
Portsmouth, to apply " to the Governor and Council of New-HampSalter,
shire, for a continuation of their
charter,
and also for an addition to
and renewed their
purchase, and compromises, succeeded in extinguishing the entire
claims under the Relham charter,
thus leaving the Enfield charter
undisputed and ending the "War
of the Charters," which had disquieted the town during eleven
years and retarded its settlement.
In 1775, 14 years after it was
chartered, the population
was but
and probably there were not
over 10 male heads of families. In
the following year, only 13 male
60,
said township,"
adults signed the Declaration of
exertions to settle the township.
But it should seem both their mis-
Loyalty, none refusing.
sion and efforts substantially failed
ter difficulties, the population
had
about
100
two years afterwards, August
1768, the Governor and Council,
In 1790,
years after the close of the char-
11
for
increased
8,
families.
treating the Enfield eharter as forfeited, re-granted " all that tract
or parcel of land, known by the
name of Enfield, to be known by
the name of Relham," * to an
entirely new set of 90 proprietors,
most of whom resided in and
And now
around Portsmouth.
began the " War of the Charters."
The validity of each being stoutly
asserted on the one side, and
denied on the other, the consequence was, that titles under either
were rendered uncertain and insecure, and feuds and collisions
occured between the claimants
Tinder the one, and those under the
ther, in attempting to reduce to
possession, and occupy the same
land.
This state of things was
finally put an
end to, mainly
through the efforts of Jesse Johnson, Esq.,
who
tion with other
Enfield
in 1779, in connec-
owners under the
charter, by
equivalents,
The
to
meeting house was
and removed in 1848.
first
built in 1798,
The
first
or
750,
minister settled was the
Rev. Edward Evans, in 1799, and
dismissed in 1805.
Origin of tlie Shaker Society.
Tradition has it, that onef Wilf-
The leading men of the Shakers,
field at
sion, in
at
En-
the present time claim that this ver-
every particular,
is
not correct.
They
claim that Ebenezer Cooley and Israel Chauncy,
without
voluntarily,
Williams,
came
to
invitation
from
Hartland, Vermont, and
from thence, with one Zadock Wright, journeyed to Enfield, and called upon James Jewett, a resident of what is now called Shaker
Hill, arriving September 1st, 1782, and the
first Shaker meeting ever hebl in New-Hampshire was at the house of Asa Pattee, near
In 1793, the frame of a
Mr. .Tewett's house.
church was raised on the west shore of Mascorny Lake, which house now stands, and is
now occupied as a place for their public worship.
The Shakers were
not, in the early days,
distinguished from others in their dress, and
would not to-day,
if
the world did not yield
to the calls of fashion.
They now
dress as
every one did one hundred years ago.
nnmed, probably, after some individual, as Relham or Rellian (it is spelled both
ways) was not, at that time, the name ot any
* So
place.
They also claim they have not changed in
mode of worship, or their zeal but are
same as they were eighty years ago.
The world has changed to be more liberal in
their
just the
;
�ENFIELD.
liams, a convert to this modified
Quakerism, then living in Grafton,
a town joining Enliehl on the east,
went to New-Lebanon, N. Y., and
induced two of the preachers of
the Shaker Society there, named
Cooley and Chauncey, to return
with him. We have the fact from
a record made at the time, that on
the 6th of September, 1782, these
two men came to Joseph Flint's,
Canaan, south road, and there
preached; but gaining no adher-
went
into
Enfield,
and
ents in that town, they
adjoining
the
one,
there succeeded in
verts of
some
making con-
of the
and
mechan-
staid
respectable farmers, and
—
and their families
among
were James Jewett, Ezekiel Stevens, Asa Pattee, Benjamin
Merrill and Zadock Wright, living
on Jones Hill, and the hill afterwards called after them, Shaker
northerly side of
Hill, on the
Mascomy Lake. They remained
on these hills, gaining some new beics
whom
lievers,
about ten years,
till
about
—when, effecting an exchange
1792
of land, they removed to the more
they have ever since
occupied, with large additions, on
the southerly side of the same lake.
For the first ten years, they were
not by their garb distinguished from
the " World's People," as they
fertile spot
their views,
and are willing to allow
classes the privilege to worship
to their
own consciences.
all
God agreeably
This
is
their view
of the facts relative to the Shakers and the
world's people, as they stood eighty years ago
in Enfield, and to-day.
It
is
gratifying to have the Shakers allow
that the world
is
progressing, and
intolerant, as years ago,
any improvement
if
is
not as
they do not claim
in themselves.
We
are led
to believe, however, that they, like all civil-
ized people, have changed for the better,
have more
years ago.
liberal views
and
than they had eighty
147
termed outsiders.
Six years after
their advent, they are called in tho
town records of 1788, " Shaking
Quakers," and the selectmen are
instructed to petition the legislature, stating " their conduct, "and
the
situation
risking for a
like other
of the
remedy.
new
town, and
At the
sects, the
start,
Shakers
were exceedingly wild, enthusiastic and extravagent in their beliefs
and religious exercises. But after
a time, they gradually settled down
into the sober, temperate, and
rational people they now are and
long have been. They have always
been remarkable for honesty and
industry. Like the same sect elsewhere, they hold their property in
common, take on themselves vows
of perpetual chastity, rejecting
even the institution of marriage,
and make dancing a part of their
religious exercises.
William Wil-
liams is said to be the person who
introduced the two preachers. He
was an honest, but eccentric man,
who, after living many years in
society, left it, and continued to
reside near it with his son William,
a man of wit and worth, deputy
sheriff, land-surveyor, town clerk.
The old gent died at an advanced
age, many years ago.
Notices of Early Settlers.
Most
of the early settlers of Enfield
came from Connecticut, Haverhill
and Chibano, a point near Salem,
Mass., and Hampstead, Plaistow
and South Hampton, N". H.
Jesse Johnson, Esq.,
Johnson.
was from Hampstead.
He made
purchase in Enfield in
1778, and in the next six years became the owner of nearly a quarter of tho township under its two
charters.
He passed much of his
time in Enfield, superintending
his first
�NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER.
148
the clearing of his land and erecting mills, from 1778 to March 1787,
when he removed his family there,
and resided there
till
March
his 68th year.
11,
1800, in
his death,
In Enfield, he was made a magistrate and Representative, and discharged the principal town offices.
Hon. Jesse Johnson, oldest son
of the foregoing hy his first marriage, was born in Hampstead,
The
1762.
subject of this notice
in 1779, in his 17th year,
walked
to
Enfield, through the wilderness, to
aid in clearing his father's lands.
The year after he became of age,
he was appointed Justice of the
Peace, an office he held 32 years,
his death; was Proprietor's
Clerk, 30 years, one of the town's
earliest land surveyors, its first
magistrate and representative, a
delegate to the convention that in
1792 formed the present State Constitution, Judge of Probate, Judge
of the Court of Common Pleas,
and in 1812, nominee of his party
till
for Congress.
He
died Sept. 23,
1816, in his 54th year.
Gile.
Johnson
Gile,
an exem-
plary man, father of the late Daniel Gile, a gentleman of intelli-
gence and worth, and grandfather
of Bbenezer Gile, who occupies
the homestead, of Dr. Aaron Gile,
and of Mrs. Lydia (Gile) Conant,
late wife of G. W. Conant, Esq.,
came to the town from Hopkinton,
with his wife and two children, in
and died there, March 14,
1790, aged 38.
Bingham. Elisha Bingham was
born in Windham County Connecticut, and settled in Enfield about
1772.
Though illiterate, he seems
to have been a man of good capa1779,
city, his
town
name
officer.
often occurring as a
He had
a large fam-
His son Elias, born Aug. 29,
was the first male child born
in the town, and his daughter
Phebe, born January 7, 1778, probIn
ably the first female child.
1787, Mr. B. removed, with his entire family, to Jay, Essex County,
N. Y.
Jonathan PaddlePaddleford.
ford who has descendants in the
town, was, if not the first, among
the very first settlers.
He came
to Enfield with an adult family of
sons and daughters, from Ashford,
Windham County, Conn., where,
as early as 1765, he purchased several pieces of land from the original proprietors under the Enfield
ily.
1772,
and removed
between that year and
to Enfield
charter,
1772.
He
erected the second grist mill in the
town, afterwards known as Fol-
Mascomy Rivnear where the Shaker Mills
now stand. He died, July 13,
lansbee's Mills, on
er,
1783.
Capt. Nathan Bick-
Bieknell.
nell
came
to the town,
with his
wife and six children, in the
spring of 1777, from Ashford,
Conn., and resided east of East
Pond, where his son Isaac after-
wards
Bicknell's
lived.
was named
after
Brook
He
died in
him
Enfield.
Jachman.
Samuel
Jackman,
the ancestor of the Endfield Jackman, was from Haverhill, Mass.,
and came to Enfield about
when he bought
1779,
there a full right
of Jesse Johnson, Esq., on George
Hill.
Sanborn.
John Sanborn, land
surveyor, joined the Shakers, left
them and committed suicide about
1788.
He
lived on George Hill.
Kidder. Thomas Kidder came
to the town, from Alstead, in 1786,
�149
EPPING.
with his wife and children, who
were all of the Shaker church.
He was the father of Jason, born
in
1781,
among
man
long a
principal
man
the Shakers, and a gentle-
of refined manners, good tal-
ents and sterling worth.
Merrill.
came
to the
Joseph Merrill, Esq.,
town about 1795, from
South Hampton, was Justice of the
Peace, deputy sheriff, representative,
&c.
He was
a
man of enter-
and much inlluence.
Other early settlers before 1800.
Archelaus Stevens, Joseph MarsJonathan Johnson, Peter
tin,
Johnson, Moses Johnson, Benjamin Merrill, Moses Rowell, Jacob
Cochran, Capt. Asa Pattee, Theophilus Clough, Moses Jones, Jacob
Choate, Levi Webster, John Johnprise
son, half brother of Jesse.
North by Canaan,
Boundaries.
husbandman
gets a good
return
for his labor, both in his crops,
and
in the increased value of his farm.
Lamprey River, flowRivers.
ing from Deerfield and Raymond,
receives the Pawtuckaway coming
from Pawtuckaway pond, and runs
through the whole length of the
town from west to east, and north-
—North
River coming from
Saddleback
near
mountain passes through Deerfield and Nottingham, and joins
the Lamprey, in the north part of
the town. The Lamprey furnishes
some good water power.
east
Northwood
Villages.
On Lamprey
River, in
the southern center of the town,
is
located the village of Epping Corner. It is the seat of considerable
Here
trade and manufacturing.
are three churches, two school
two large shoe manufactowoolen mill, saw and grist
houses,
east by Grafton, south by Gran-
ries,
tham, and west by Lebanon. Area,
acres; area of improved
four or five stores, one hotel, post,
land, 15,425 acres.
telegraph and express
24,060
Fifty-nine miles (by
Distances.
railroad)
north-west
Northern
from Concord, twelve south-east
from Dartmouth College, and one
hundred and thirty-one miles by
The
rail north-west from Boston.
original distance by stage, was 42
miles to Concord and 105 to Boston.
The Northern RailRailroad.
road passes through the north-west
corner of the town.
EPPING.
town
is
sur-
moderately
uneven, but the soil is generally
good, and produces excellent crops
of corn, oats, and hay. Many of
the
farms
much
care,
are
and
other
mechanical
shops,
office, and
hundred dwelling
houses. At West Epping are two
stores, woolen mill, saw mill, postoffice and fifteen or twenty dwelling houses. About one mile north
from Epping Corner is a fine street
where fifty or sixty years ago the
larger portion of business in tow
was done. The large mansion
houses, seen there now, plainly
show that wealth and plenty dwelt
about
one
there
sixty
years ago.
On
this
Plummers, Ladds,
and other prominent men who, in
their day, were well known to the
State, and many of them held restreet lived the
Rockingham County. The
face of this
mills,
cultivated
with
in such cases the
sponsible positions in their town.
State
and nation.
Employments. The inhabitants
are principally engaged in agriculture, but manufacturing is an im-
�NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER.
150
portant branch of industry. Over
280,000 pairs of sale shoes and boots
are annually made, valued at
$288,000 woolen goods are manu;
factured to the value of $19,000;
58,000 shingles; 1,700,000 feet of
boards and dimension timber are
annually sawed, valued at $19,900;
10,000 bushels grain ground, $10,
There are also hub
000.
mills,
blacksmith shops, planing mill,
Besides
wheelwright shop, &c.
distinguished citizens. He was a
of the United States Senate from 1802 to 1807, President of
member
the State Senate in 1810, and chief
magistrate of the State in 1812,
16,
and 18. William Plummer, Jr.,
was a member of Congress from
1819 to 1823. He died September
18, 1854, aged 65 years.
A CongregaFirst Ministers.
17,
was
tional society
established in
there are carpenters, painters, masons and butchers. (See tables.)
Productions of the
Resources.
Rev. Robert Cutler was ordained pastor in 1747; dismissed
in 1755 Rev. Joseph Stearns, ordained in 1758 died in 1788 Rev.
$102,064; mechanical labor,
Peter Holt, settled in 1793; dis-
soil,
$74,500;
stocks,
money
$28,300;
ings banks, $33,379
$39,125;
summer
and
at interest
deposits in sav;
stock in trade,
tourists, $2,500;
professional business, $10,000.
Churches and Schools.
Congre-
H. Stearns,
gational, Rev. J.
100
members; value of church property,
$ 3,000
son,
rector;
;
Episcopal, H. Fergu75
communicants;
value of church property, $ 3,500
Methodist, Rev. D. W. Downs,
pastor, 100 members; value of
There
church property, $2,000.
are eight schools in
town
;
aver-
age length for the year, nineteen
weeks.
Hotel. Pawtuckaway House, val-
ued
at $5,000.
Epping was
from
which it was taken February 23,
1741.
Its first settlement comFirst
Settlement.
originally a part of Exeter,
menced with the early history of
New-Hampshire, long before it
was severed from Exeter. One
hundred years ago it had rnore inhabitants than at the present time,
having a population of over 1,500,
being the fourth town in the county and the fifth in the State.
Wil-
liam Plummer was one Qf
most
its
1747.
;
;
;
missed in 1821.
Boundaries. North by Nottingham and Lee, east by Newmarket,
South Newmarket and Exeter,
south by Brentwood and Fremont,
and west by Raymond and Nottingham. Area. 12,960 acres; area
of improved land, 8,575 acres.
Twenty-nine miles
Distances.
south-east from Concord, eighteen
west from Portsmouth, and eight
north-west from Exeter.
Railroads. Concord and Portsmouth Railroad passes through the
town, in an easterly and westerly
Nashua, Epping, and
direction.
Rochester Railroad crosses the
Concord and Portsmouth at Epping
Corner. The Salisbury, Exeter
and Epping Railroad will have its
terminus here. With the growing railroad facilities, no doubt but
Epping will increase both in
wealth and population, within the
next ten years.
EPSOM.
Merrimack County. The
face of this
town
is
sur-
generally un-
even. The soil is good and well
adapted for grazing and grain.
There are some very fine interval
�ERROL.
151
of
carried to Canada, from whence
she returned after the close of the
and Ponds. Great and
Suncook Rivers are the
They afford
principal streams.
some very good water privileges,
many of which are not improved
French and Indian war.
There
were never any serious depredations by them, beside killing a few
farms,
pi'oducing
fine
crops
corn, oats, hay, &c.
Rivers
Little
to
their
Chesnut,
extent.
full
Round, and Odiorne's Ponds are
the principal bodies of water in
this town.
Mountains. McCoy, Fort, Nats,
and Nottingham Mountains are
the most noted elevations.
Brown oxide, and
Minerals.
sulphuret of iron are found in various localities.
A valuable mineral for paint (Terra-sienna)
found
Arsenical
here.
argentiferous galena, and
tite,
also
is
pyrites,
hema-
associated with quartz crys-
occur in several localities.
Employments.
The larger portion of the inhabitants are engaged
tals,
in agriculture.
About
600,000 feet
The
cattle.
people,
however,
were frequently frightened, and
would flee to the garrisons in Nottingham, whenever an Indian
alarm was given.
Maj. Andrew
of this town,
Mc Clary,
was
a native
killed at the bat-
Bunker's Hill, June 17,
In this battle he displayed
great
coolness
and courage.
When news of the battle of Lexington reached him, he left his
plough in the furrough, and hastened to the battle field.
First Ministers.
Rev. John
Tucker, ordained in 1761, dismissed in 1774 Rev. Ebenezer Hazeltine, ordained in 1784, died in
tle
of
1775.
;
1813.
Productions of the
mechanical labor,
$6,400; stocks and bonds, $6,000;
money at interest, $ 8,250; deposits in savings banks, $63,492; stock
Boundaries.
North by Pittseast by Northwood and Deerfield, south by Allenstown, and
west by Pembroke and Chichester.
Area, 19,200 acres.
Distances.
Twelve miles east
from Concord.
Railroads.
Suncook
Valley
The Concord and
Railroad.
Railroad may pass
Rochester
through this town, east and west,
in trade, $11,900.
via Northwood.
of lumber is annually sawed.
A
considerable number of the people are engaged in making wo-
men's boots
and
shoes.
(See
tables.)
Resources.
soil,
$92,492;
Churches and Schools. Christian,
Rev. B. Dickson, pastor; Congregational, Rev. F. H. Wales, pastor; Freewill Baptist, Rev. Joel
Baker, pastor.
Hotel.
Suncook Valley House.
First
Settlers.
Epsom
was
granted to Theodore Atkinson and
others, May 18, 1727. It received
its name from Epsom, in England.
Indians.
McCoy was
August
21, 1747, Mrs.
taken prisoner, and
field,
ERROL.
Coos County.
tions the
soil
is
In some porgood, and fair
crops of oats, potatoes, and hay
are produced.
Rivers and Ponds.
In this town
several considerable streams unite
with
the
Androscoggin.
this river, in Errol, a large
of
Upon
amount
money ha« been expended in
dams and clearing the
erecting
�NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER.
152
channel, for the purpose of driving logs from the upper lakes to
market, through tho whole season.
There are several ponds and small
streams, which abound with trout.
Agriculture is
Employments.
the principal employment of the
There
inhabitants.
is
but
little
manufacturing in the town.
Productions of the
Resources.
mechanical labor,
Boil, $20,929;
$1,600;
money
at interest, $1,200.
Dam House,
Hotels.
House, and Aker's House.
Errol
There are four schools
Average length of
schools for the year, eight weeks.
First Settlers. Erroll was granted to Timothy Ruggles and others,
February 28, 1774.
Incorporated
Schools.
in this
town.
December
28, 1836.
Boundaries.
North by Wentworth's Location, east by Umbagog Lake and State of Maine,
south by Cambridge and Dummer,
and west by Millsfield. Improved
land, 2,123 acres.
Thirty miles north
north-east from Lancaster, and
one hundred and fifty-nine miles
north north-east from Concord.
Distances.
EXETER.
Rockingham County. Exeter
half shire town of the county,
and was the third town organized
in New-Hampshire. It is situated
on both sides of Squamscot river,
which furnishes some valuable
water power.
is
The
erally
surface of the
level,
town
is
gen-
the soil quite good
and well cultivated.
Some
of the
ing their labor, with what they
and their receipts at
valued at $ 4,000,
paid for labor $300 farm productions, $ 2,300, of which $ 300 was
hired, $ 2,500,
$
5,068. 60 acres,
;
for
lumber.
show
This
is
sufficient to
that farming, if properly at-
tended
to,
will give a fair return
for the investment,
even in New-
Hampshire.
The town is watered
Hirers.
by Exeter River, by the Indians
At the falls
called Squamscot.
the tide water is separated from
Above
the fresh.
stream assumes the
the falls the
name
of Great
River, to distinguish it from one
of its smaller branches, called
Great River and its
Little River.
branches furnish some valuable
water power, which is generally
improved.
At Squamscot falls and
Village.
at the head of navigation, and, by
the course of the river about thirty
miles from the Atlantic, is situated the large and beautiful village
of Exeter. Here, near these falls,
commenced
the
first
settlement in
town under charge of the Rev.
John Wheelwright,* over two hundred and thirty years ago; and
ever since that date, Exeter has
been making a history for herself,
the State and Nation, in her eminent men, her popular schools, her
general improvements, and her
fine and picturesque village, as
honorable and as broad as any
town of her size in America. Here
are located two of the most popular
literary
country.
best farms in the State are in this
in
the
Acade-
my was
town.
institutions
Phillips Exeter
lips,
In 1870, a farm valued at
$ 20,000 returned the annual value
of production .$2,500, paying for
labor $ 400.
One $ 25,000, reckon-
founded by Dr. John Phila resident of Exeter, and a
charter was obtained from the leg* See note in other part of this
tive to the "
Wheelwright Deeds."
work,
rela«
�EXETER.
islature of
New-Hampshire, April
being the first charter
granted by the State for an institution of learning. It has been,
and is to-day, the most popular
institution of the kind in the counThe light from this institutry.
tion has reflected through such
1781,
3,
national men, as Lewis Cass, Daniel
Webster, John A. Dix, Edward
George Bancroft, John
and scores of other stars
quite as brilliant, that we might
mention if space would permit.
Through the generous bequest of
William Robinson, Esq., a native
and former resident of this town,
Everett,
P. Hale,
but who passed his latter years
in Georgia, the Robinson Female
Seminary was established in 1867.
was opened for the reception
153
Tho
wide and
elm and
maple. Some of the most ancient
and largest elms in the State, are
itants.
streets are
beautifully shaded with the
in this village.
vate
Many
residences are
of the pri-
among
the
most expensive in the State, while
some of the business blocks have
a metropolitan appearance.
Many
men
do business in Boston fifty
miles distant, and reside here,
largely because of its superior
school advantages, and other advantages not obtained in or near a
large city. The highways leading
from Exeter to Portsmouth, Rye
beach, Hampton beach, Newburyport, Kingston, Epping and Dover
are not to be surpassed by any like
number
in
New-England.
It is
This bequest
fourteen miles to Portsmouth, ten
to Rye, nine to Hampton, fourteen
sum of
$250,000 which will make a permanent fund in all time to come.
Thus far, the school has met with
unbounded success. (See Literary
Newburyport, six to Kingston,
Epping and sixteen miles
Exeter has furnished
to Dover.
her full share of public men both
Two
in the State and Nation.
It
of pupils, in 1869.
amounted
to
the large
to
eight to
governors, covering a
Institutions.)
There are eight church
edifices,
fifteen years;
six school houses, (one a large high
court,
school building,) three banks, from
forty to fifty stores of various kinds,
Attorney
three hotels, printing
office,
court
house, county buildings, one of the
finest depots in the State, one large
cotton
factory,
one large
brass
machine shop, foundry, machine
shop, carriage factory, potters' ware
works, besides wool pulling business on an extensive scale, shoe
making, harness making, monuments and marble works, tailors,
milliners and various other trades
common to a large New-Hampshire
village.
Their are also eight law-
two dentists,
many other professions and about
three thousand five hunched inhab-
yers, six physicians,
years;
space of
six justices of the
thirty-two
generals,
years;
three
thirty-seven
six presidents of the sen-
members of the U. S.,
house of representatives, two
U. S., senators, and many other
officers, both of State and Nation.
The tide rises about six feet at
Exeter and the river admits vessels of over 200 tons burthen.
Heavy articles, such as coal &c,
generally come up the river.
Employments. The larger porate,
six
tion of the people are generally de-
voted to manufacturing, mercantile
and professional business.
The Exeter Manufacturing Co.
annually produce 3,600,000 yards
cotton sheetings, valued at
fine
�NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER.
154
There are other manulumber, $ 21,100 flour and meal, $ 15,
200; foundry, $30,000; machine
shop works, $ 50,000 brass works,
$ 40,000 carriages, $ 10,000 wool
$
450,000.
factories annually producing
;
;
;
;
pulling
tin-
$250,000;
receipts,
manilla and brown
paper, $14,000; printing, $ 6,000
furniture, $5,000;
gas, $7,500;
ware, $ 14,000
;
custom boots and shoes, $
besides
milliners,
tailors,
3,000
black-
smiths, carpenters, painters and
other mechanical shops.
many
The
total value of
goods of
all
wool business,
employing 251 males,
kinds, including the
is
$
and
977,200,
135 females in its production.
Resources.
Agricultural produc-
mechanical labor,
$ 157,000; stocks and money at indeposits in savterest, $ 195, 100
stock in
ings banks, $ 198,341
trade, $ 191,250, and professional
tions,
$ 84,000
;
;
;
Exeter, for
many years, has been considered
a wealthy town, but its citizens
have had the reputation of contribbusiness,
$100,000.
uting as much money to assist in
building western railroads and
cities, as
any town in the
State, in
wealth.
It is to
proportion to
be hoped that
its
it
has worked no
material injury to their own town;
but if it has not, it is an exception
to the general rule in such cases.
Churches and Schools. 1st. Congregational, Rev. Swift Byington,
pastor church value, $ 35,000 2d
Congregational, Rev. George E.
;
;
pastor, value,
$ 25,000
Unitarian, Rev. Benjamin F. McDaniels, pastor
value, $ 14,000
Christ church, Episcopal, Rev.
Street,
;
Henry Ferguson,
rector;
$12,000; Baptist, Rev.
Chase, pastor; value,
value,
John N.
pastor; value $8,000; St. Mary's
Roman
Catholic,
Rev. Charles
Egan, priest; value, $3,000; Advent, no pastor, $ 1,500.
There are fifteen schools in town,
twelve of which are graded;
average length of schools for the
year, twenty-eight weeks number,
;
of scholars, 409 boys, and 361 girls;
total value of school-houses, $101,
Total amount of money annufor school purposes,
$17,062.74 or $22.15 to each scholar
in town; the average amount for
each scholar in the State, is $7.38.
000.
ally
expended
The public school advantages in
Exeter are second to none in the
State, and perhaps in the United
States.
Literary Institutions.
Phillip's
Exeter Academy, Albert C. Perkins A. M., principal; Robinson
Female Seminary, Eben S. Stearns,
principal
Exeter High School,
Albin Burbank, principal.
(See
;
Literary Institution.)
Exeter Town Libravolumes Private Libraries, Golden Branch, 1,500; Soule
Branch, 500. There are twentyeight libraries in town of 500 volumes or more.
Newspapers. Exeter News LetLibraries.
ry, 3,500
ter.
;
(See tables).
Banks. National Granite State
Bank, Exeter Savings Bank, and
Union Five Cent Savings Bank.
(See tables).
and
Hotels
Eating
Houses.
Squamscot House, American House
and Hoyt's House F. II. Hervey,
;
C. E. Folsom's Eating Houses.
First Settlement. The Rev. John
Wheelwright, in 1629, (who afterwards was banished from the Colony of Massachusetts, by reason of
$10,000;
his peculiar religious belief called
Methodist, Rev. Silas E. Quimby,
Antinomian opinions; purchased
�155
EXETER.
of the Indians a tract of country
a precipitate retreat, killing one
between the Merrimack and Piscataqua, extending back some fifty
person,
The deeds of these lands
signed by Fassaconaway,
chief sagamore of the Pennacooks,
miles.
were
on
living
three
Merrimack,
the
of other
chiefs
tribes
and
in
New England. The
this section of
consideration for these lands consisted in "coats,
tles."
In
shirts,
and ket-
1633, the authorities of
Portsmouth and Dover, agreed
with Wheelwright, that his proposed town at Squamscot Falls,
should be called Exeter. No settlement was commenced however,
until April
3, 1638,
when Wheel-
wright and others formed themselves, into a body politic, chose
their magistrate, and bound themselves by vote to sacred obedience.
In 1642, Exeter was annexed to
Massachusetts and Wheelwright,
by reason of his sentence, was
compelled to flee from his new
settlement, and from his brethren
in the
same
religious faith
— some
time after this, he was restored to
his former privileges, and was ordained at Hampton, in 1647, and
preached there eleven years.
The
first
settlers
suffered
more or
another
made
in
Exeter,
by Indian
depredations for many years. In
1675 one person was killed and
less
prisoner; in 1695,
two person were killed. In 1697,
the Indians had laid their plans to
make
a general massacre of the
and a total destruction
wounding another, and
away one child. The
guns were fired to frighten a few
women and children, who had
carrying
gone into the fields after strawIn 1707, another person
was killed; and in the spring of
Stevens, William
1709, Samuel
Moody and two sons of Jeremy
Gilman were taken prisoners at
"Pickpocket mills." In 1710, the
Indians killed Colonel Winthrop
Hilton, a meritorious citizen, with
two others, and took two prisoners.
Many others were killed or taken
captives, and much property destoyed by these savage incursions.
berries.
The town
as originally surveyed,
comprised within its borders,
Epping, New-Market, South NewMarket, Brentwood, Fremont, and
All of these towns,
Stratham.
with the exception of Stratham,
were formed into separate organIts popula-
izations, prior to 1775.
tion in 1775
was
1741.
Exeter has, during
its
history,
all
contained
periods of
among
its
eminent and useful men.
Hon. Samuel Tenney, General
Nathaniel Peabody, Hon. Nicholas
Gilman, General Nathaniel Folsome, Hon. Jeremiah Smith, Hon.
John Taylor Gilman, Hon. George
Sullivan, Hon. Tristram Shaw,
Hon. John S. Wells, and Hon.
John Sullivan, have filled high
and honorable positions, both in
the State and Nation. It has its
citizens,
who
stand high in
inhabitants,
citizens to-day,
of the town. They were concealed
in the thickets near by, preparing
for a vigorous attack. They were
frightened from their designs, by
hearing the reports of several guns,
the estimation of their townsmen,
and of the people in the State.
which led them to believe they
were discovered, and they made
First
Ministers.
Wheelwright
Rev.
John
settled in 1638, left
in 1642; Rev. Samuel Dudley,
ordained in 1650, died in 1683;
Rev. John Clark, ordained in 1698,
�NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER.
156
died
in
1705;
Rev. John Odlin
Rev.
settled in 1706, died in 1754
Woodbridge Odlin,
dismissed
in
;
settled in 1743,
1776;
Rev.
Isaac
Mansfield, settled in 1776, dismissed
in 1787; Rev.
William
II.
Howard
boys and youths boots, brogans
and shoes the number of pairs
made exceeding that of any town
in the State. There are 13 manuen's,
—
factories with a capital of
$ 500,000
which employ nearly 1000 males and
who
annually receive for
settled in 1790, dismissed in 1828.
females,
North by NewMarket and Stratham, east by
Stratham, Hampton and Hampton
Falls, south by Kensington and
East Kingston, and west by Brentwood and Epping. Area of improved land, 3,675 acres.
their labor about
Forty miles southand fourteen
west from Portsmouth.
The Boston and
Railroads.
Maine Railroad passes through the
town in a northerly and southerly
direction. Trains stop at the station ten minutes for refreshments.
The Epping, Exeter and Amesbury
Railroad, will pass through here,
school building, twenty-five or thir-
when
er in the place, so is poverty.
Boundaries.
Distances.
east from Concord,
constructed.
FARUIINGTON.
$ 500,000, and produce 1,300,000, pairs of boots shoes
&c. valued at $ 1,700,000. Part of
these shoes are bottomed in the adjoining towns.
There are two banks, three
church edifices, one large high
ty stores of all kinds,
ing
office,
two
one job print-
hotels, three livery
post office, express and
telegraph office, three lawyers,
three physicians offices, one denstables,
1
tist's office,
and about three hun-
dred dwelling houses.
It is a very pleasant and busy
village, and, as idleness is a strang-
Employments.
Manufacturing,
Strafford County. The surtown is broken and rugged, but the soil when properly cul-
and mercantile trade are the principal employments of the inhabitants, although there are some very
fine farms, and good farmers in the
tivated yields fine crops
town.
face of this
Rivers
The Cocheco River pas-
ses through the north-east part of
the town affording some interval
lands along its banks.
Mountains. Blue Hill, or Frost
Mountain, extends in a north and
south direction neaidy through the
town.
Mount Washington, Monadnock, and hundreds of le-ss elevations, together with ships in
Portsmouth Harbor, can be seen
from its summit, in a clear day.
Village.
About one mile northwest from what is called the Dock,
is Farmington village. The inhabitants are extensively engaged in
the manufacture of men and wom-
Productions of the
mechanical labor,
$ 504,000 stocks and bonds, .$ 10,
900; money at interest, $6,300; de
posits in savings banks, $ 143,635;
Resources.
soil,
$48,498;
;
in trade, $ 55,300
sional business, .$10,000.
stock
;
profes-
Churches and Schools. CongreRev. J. Smith, pastor;
Freewill Baptist, Rev. G. W. Park,
pastor Methodist, Elder Tebbets,
pastor; Advent, Rev. J. Smith,
pastor. There are fourteen school
districts, and eighteen schools in
town. Average length of schools
for the year, twenty- four weeks.
Literary Institution.
Farminggational,
;
�157
FITZWILLIAM.
ton
High School,
E. J.
Goodwin,
Principal— School Fund §3,000.
Hotels and Ealing Houses. Elm
House, Mechanics Hotel; and
Bickett and Wedgewood Eating
Houses.
First
was
Farmington
Settlement.
originally a part of Rochester,
but was incorporated as a distinct
town December,
First
1798.
Minister.
.
Durham.
Area,
extensively quarried.
The
Employments.
inhabitants
of Fitzwilliam are largely engaged
in manufacturing and stone quarrying.
fifty
Nearly one hundred and
are employed in the stone
men
Over 3,000,000 feet of
lumber is annually sawed 500,000
pails and 100,000 tubs are manufactured, besides carnages, sash and
business.
;
James
Rev.
Walker, Congregational, 1818.
North by New
Boundaries.
Durham and Milton, east by Milton, State of Maine and Rochester,
south by Rochester and Strafford
and west by Strafford and New-
improved lands,
suitable for whetstones.
Granite, of a superior quality, is
stones,
21,000
acres;
5,440 acres.
miles
Thirty-five
Distances.
north-east from
Concord, and
eighteen north-west of Dover.
Cocheco Railroad
Railroads.
passes through this town in a northwesterly and south-easterly direction.
FITZWII.LIAltt.
blinds, chair stock, &c.
(See table
of manufactories.
There are two pleasVillages.
ant villages in this town, which
are the seat of considerable business. There are three church edifices, three school houses, two postoffices, savings bank, ten or fifteen
stores of various kinds, and several
The valuable stone quarhotels.
ries, the extensive manufactories,
together with the fine scenery in
various sections of the town, which
draw hither hundreds of summer
tourists, every year, makes the
future prospects of Fitzwilliam
Cheshire County. The surface of this town is uneven, and the
very encouraging.
but suitably adapted for
grazing. There is a considerable
quantity of meadow land, which is
very pi'oductive.
Streams and Ponds. Camp and
ucts,
soil hard,
Priest Brooks
streams
are the
in town.
Rockwood's and
principal
South, Sip's,
Collin's
Ponds
are the only natural collections of
water.
Elevations.
Near the Center of
the town is a large hill, noted for
the delightful prospect it affords.
Gap Mountain, which,
a distance, appears to be a part of the
Monadnock, lies partly in this
town and partly in Troy, On its
at
summit are found various kinds of
Resources.
Agi'icultural
prod-
mechanical labor,
$53,606;
including stone
quarrying, $104,
000 ; stocks, bonds, and money at
intei-est, $19,170; deposits in savings banks, $66,640 stock in taide,
;
$15,225; from summer tourists, $8,
000; professional business, $18,000.
Library. Fitzwilliam Public Library.
Baptist,
Churches and Schools.
Rev. H. W. Day, pastor; Congregational, Rev. J. F. Norton, pas-
There are
Methodist,
twelve schools average length for
the year, twelve weeks.
Hotels. Fitzwilliam, Cheshire,
Sip Pond House, and Monadnock
House.
tor
.
;
;
�NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER.
158
First Settlers.
originally
Fitzwilliam was
" Monadnock
called
Number
Four." The first settlement was made by Brigadier General Reed, John Fassett, Benjamin
Bigelow, and others, in 1760. General Reed was a revolutionary pa-
whose merits, as an officer,
and a true man, will long be remembered. Incorporated May 19,
triot,
1773.
First Minister. Rev. Benjamin
Brigham, Cong., ordained in 1771
died in 1799. Rev. Stephen Williams, settled in 1800
;
dismisssd in
of this mountain
covered with
almost a solid
ledge, affording a very extensive
woods, the other
view of the south-west.
Minerals. In the easterly part
of this town is a quarry of free-
which has been extensively
stone,
wrought.
It is of a
color, and,
when
marble of Vermont. Specimens of rock crystal
are found in the south part, and
plumbago occurs
Near the center of this
Village.
North by Troy and
by Rindge, south by
Royalston and "Wmchendon, Mass.,
and west by Richmond. Area,
of Francestown.
26,900 acres.
Distances.
Sixty
miles
south-
west from Concord, and thirteen
south-east from Keene.
Bailroads. The Cheshire Railroad passes through this town in a
north-westerly and south-easterly
direction.
the
the very pleasant village
is
It is neatly built,
being wide, and, in
places, beautifully shaded.
streets
many
It is the center of considerable
business from the surrounding
country. There are several stores,
one savings bank, one national
bank, one hotel, &c.
Employments.
Agriculture is
the principal employment of the
inhabitants. About 600,000 feet of
lumber are annually sawed also,
;
FKANCESTOWN.
Hillsborough County. The
surface of this town is uneven and,
in some parts, stony;
but the
quality of the soil is warm, moist,
and very productive.
some good interval.
Rivers and Ponds.
There
is
Haunted Pond.
The two
These two ponds
principal
fancy boxes, fancy writing desks,
kits, pails, &c, are manufactured.
Resources. Productions of the
soil,
$51,556;
$9,800
money
mechanical
labor,
stocks and bonds, $33,900
;
at interest, $8,300
in savings banks, $87,000
;
deposits
;
stock in
trade, $12,680; professional busi-
south branches of Piscataquoag
River have their rise in this town
the largest branch from Pleasant
Fond, and the other branch from
are the
water.
in the north part
of the town.
town
Bottndaries.
dark greyish
polished, resem-
bles the variegated
1802.
Jaffrey, east
is
is
collections
of
Mountain. Crotched Mountain
has an altitude of six hundred feet
above the common in the center
of the town. One of the summits
ness, $10,000.
Library. Home Circle Library.
Literary Institution.
Frances-
town Academy,
J. E. Vose, prin-
cipal.
Churches and Schools. CongreRev. H. F. Campbell,
pastor. There are ten schools in
this town average length for the
year, twenty-one weeks.
gational,
;
Hotel.
Francestown Hotel.
Francestown de-
First Settlers.
�FEANCONIA.
rived its name from Frances, the
wife of Governor Wentworth. It
was first settled by John Carson, a
Scotchman, in 1760, and was called
New Boston Addition. It was incorporate!
June
8,
1
by
1772.
its
present
name
Mr. James Wood-
bury was a soldier in
French war, and engaged
Gen. Wolfe when he was
the siege of Quebec. He
the old
beside of
killed at
also be-
longed to the company of rangers
commanded by the immortal
Stark. He died March 3, 1823.
First Minister. Congregational,
Rev. Samuel Cotton, 1773. Rev.
Moses Bradford, settled in 1790;
dismissed in 1827.
Boundaries. North by Deering,
and Weare, east by Weare and
New Boston, south by Lyndeborough and Greenfield and west by
Greenfield and Bennington. Area,
18,760 acres.
Distances. Twenty-seven miles
south-west from Concord, and
twelve north-west from Amherst.
Railroads. Stage passes through
this
town from Hillsborough
Bridge to Milford. The Manchester and Keene Railroad will pass
through this town.
FRAA'COXIA.
Grafton County.
is
Franconia
considered one of the mountain
towns in n< >rthernNew-Hampshire.
Along some of the streams, there
is considerable interval land, which
is very fertile and productive, yielding fine crops of oats, potatoes, and
hay.
Large quantities of Maple
Sugar are annually manufactured
here.
Str< urns and Ponds.
Several
branches of the Lower Ammonoosic have their rise in the mountain-
ious tracts
on the
east.
Ferrin's
159
Pond near " Notch " is the source
of "Middle Branch," one of the
principal branches of Peniigewas-
Echo Lake, about one
mile in length and three quarters
of a mile in width, lies at tho foot
of Mount Lafayette. It is almost
set River.
entirely protected, from violent
winds.by lofty hills which surround
it on all sides.
The report of a gun
fired upon its shores may be heard
distinctly several times, thus imi-
tating
successive
discharges
of
musketry.
Scenery.
The varied scenery
in
and around Franconia is not to be
excelled in any section of the White
Mountain district. No visitor has
thoroughly finished his tour to the
Mountains until 4e visits Franconia
and views its natural curiosities.
The Franconia mountain pass, presents to the traveler some of the
wildest scenery in the country, and
must ever remain as one of Na-
where the grand
and beautiful are so perfectly blended in its wild and rugged form.
The " Old Man of the Mountain ;"
" the Basin ;" " the Flume,' are all
worthy of a visit from lovers of
grand natural scenery. For a more
particular description see "Notes
on mountains in New-Hampshire.
Summer Besort. Franconia has
ture's curiosities
1 ''
become
quite a resort for
summer
about seven hundred persons- permanently board
there
through the warm season of the
tourists,
year, besides the transient visitors
who are
ing.
constantly going and comThere are three hotels, besides
seven or eight large summer boarding houses for the accommodation
of visitors. Almost every house has
a few boarders. There has been a
large Iron Manufactory in successful operation for a number of years,
�160
NEW-HAMPSnillE GAZETTEER.
February
but at the present time it is not doing
others,
any business. The ore which has
supplied this manufactory has been
taken from a rich mine, within the
limits of the town of Lisbon. 250
tons of pig iron, and from 200, to
300 tons of bar iron were the an-
The
first
ers, in 1774.
nual productions of this establish-
ment.
Employments. Agriculture, and
keeping summer boarders are the
principal employments of the people.
280 tons of
clapboards,
starch,
150,000
410,000 shingles,
and
14,
1764.
settlement was made by Captain Artemas Knight, Samuel Barnett, Zebedee Applebee, and oth-
Boundaries. North by Bethlehem, east by ungranted lands,
south by Lincoln and Landaff, and
west by Lisbon.
Area, 32,938
acres improved land, 5,369 acres.
;
Distances.
Eighty miles (via
Plymouth) north from Concord,
and twenty-eight North-east from
Haverhill.
1,45G\000 feet of boards, &c, are an-
Railroad. White Mountain Rail-
nually produced, besides bobbins,
cabinet work, boots and shoes,
road passes through Lisbon, the
iron
work &c.
Resources.
soil,
(See tables.)
Productions of the
$68,428;
$25,500
myhanical
town adjoining on the west,
dis-
tant about five miles.
FRANKLIN.
labor,
and money
$18,675; from summer
stocks, bonds,
Merrimack County.
$19,450; deposits in savings banks,
In proportion to its population, Franklin
is the most important manufacturing town in the State.
It was
$4,165; professional business, $10,
formed from four towns, Decem-
;
at interest,
tourists, $120,000; stock in trade,
000.
ber
Churches and Schools.
Baptist,
Freewill
There are
Average length of
.
five schools.
schools for the year, ten weeks.
Hotels.
Profile, Lafayette,
and
Valley Houses. The Profile House
is the largest and the best patronized house in the White Mountain
no uncommon thing
have from four to
five hundred guests at one time.
It is enough to say that their accommodations are not suflicient
for the demands made on them in
region.
It is
for the house to
the season of summer travel to
the mountains.
The other hotels
are fine, commodious houses, with
accommodating landlords, and
have a fair patronage.
First Settlements. The town was
originally called Morristown, and
was granted to Isaac Searle and
24,
1828, viz.
a small portion
of Andover, which bordered on
south-western bank of the
Pemigewasset River, a small gore
of Sanbornton, lying between the
Pemigewasset and Winnipiseothe
gee Rivers; a portion of Northfield, bordering on the south side
of the Winnipiseogee, and the
east bank of the Merrimack River;
and a portion of Salisbury
which bordered on the western side of the Merrimack and
Pemigewasset rivers, thus cutting
off Andover from the Pemigewasset, and Sanbornton and Salisbury
from the Merrimack.
The whole area taken from
these four towns, only formed a
small township of about 9,000
acres. The soil, on the river, is
generally sandy, but produces fine
crops,
when
properly
cultivated,
�FRANKLIN.
and some of the best farms
may be found
county
The Webster farm
tion
in this
in the
town.
lies in that por-
which formerly belonged
to
The father of Daniel
Webster removed to this farm
and built the main house now
Salisbury.
There
standing.
now
is
(1873)
growing in the front yard a large
elm, which was set out by Daniel
Webster,
June
when he was a
17, 1&73,
boy.
through an invi-
given by the citizens of
Franklin to the Webster Club of
Boston, who were the old, tried
friends of Daniel Webster, and
tation
to the
Governor and Council, and
members
of
the Legislature of
New-Hampshire, and other people
in the surrounding towns, there
was a meeting
at this old
home-
stead for the purpose of calling to
mind
the days in the past,
Webster made
his
annual
for his energetic efforts to
establish this institution
it
and have
Nathaniel
Concord, Hon.
located in Franklin.
White, Esq., of
Dexter Richards, of Newport, and
many others, who will be hereafter mentioned, deserve commendation for their liberal donations
of money to this humane work.
officers of the home are making extensive improvements by
erecting new buildings, etc.
Pond.
Webster Pond is situated near the Northern Railroad, in
the Andover portion of the town.
It is a beautiful sheet of water,
and is much resorted to in the
The
summer months,
parties.
Judge Thomas, Hon. Geo.
Hon. Peter Harvey of
Boston, and Governor Straw and
John H. George, Esq., of this
State, were very interesting and
impressive, and will long be remembered by those who had the
sion by
S. Hilliard,
pleasure of hearing them.
A few years ago this farm was
purchased for the purpose of establishing an Orphans Home.
It
1
in successful
mith
visit,
The Hon. Judge Nesmith of
Franklin, presided over the ceremonies of the day, and, on taking the chair, gave a short and
touching biographical sketch of
the Webster family.
The speeches, made on this occa-
now
A. Mack as superintendent,
has been very active for its
success from the day of its inception. The citizens cannot give too
much credit to Judge G. W. Nes-
D.
who
when
with invited friends, to the place
of his birth, his boyhood haunts,
and the graves of his father and
mother.
is
161
operation,
under the immediate care of Rev.
for pic-nics
and
Near the confluence
Pemigewasset and the
Winnipiseogee rivers, thus forming the Merrimack, is the large
manufacturing village of Franklin.
But few, if any, towns in the
State have made such rapid proVillage.
of
the
gress for the past fifteen years, in
manufacturing, and
wealth it having increased in
each nearly one hundred per cent.
The water power in this village,
with one exception, is the best
population,
—
and most
The
reliable
in the State.
principal manufactories are
on the Winnepiseogee, which never fails, having as a reservoir the
Winnipiseogee and Winnesquam
There is an immense
Lakes.
power on both rivers at this point
still unimproved.
The principal manufacturers are
the Winnipiseogee Paper Company, who manufacture book and
�NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER.
162
news paper, and annually produce
tons of paper, valued at
$625,000 the Franklin Mills, manufacturing fancy flannels, of the
best quality for shirtings, annually
2,496
other professions, and over three
hundred dwelling houses.
Some
;
of the business blocks are
and some of the
fine structures,
in
McCounel, belt
scenery,
;
;
$35,000;
en,
lumber
mills,
lacings, 1,100 doz-
besides
tin
carriages,
ware,
stoves,
blacksmiths, shoe shops, harness
makers, marble works, printing,
tailors, millinery, and other me-
The
chanical shops.
total capital
nvested in manufacturing in the
Number of
village is $1,145,000.
males
329.
employed, 478; females,
Annual pay roll, $333,000.
Annual production, $2,490,000.
There are four church edifices.
Two
large school houses, academy,
bank, from thirty to forty stores of
all
kinds,
stables,
two
two livery
telegraph and
six lawyers, four
hotels,
express,
printing offices,
physicians, one
dentist,
various
residences are the
private
producing 1,500,000 yards, valued
at $750,000 the Franklin Woolen
Co., manufacturing beavers, tricots, broadcloths, &c, valued at
Walter Aiken, pro$400,000;
ducing 55,000 dozen woolen hose,
vamed at $192,500; A. W. Sulloproducing 45,000 dozen
way,
Shaker socks, valued at $150,000;
Walter Aiken's machine shop,
manufacturing knitting machine
and other machinery,
needles,
valued at $50,000; Curtis & Lake's,
wool pulling establishment, annuF. H. Aiken,
al sales, $75,000.
manufactures brad awls, saw sets,
valued at $25,000;
tools, &c,
Sleeper & Hancock, door, sash,
and blinds, $25,000; Stevens &
Sanborn, machine shop, $6,000;
Taylor & Co. foundry, $15,000;
Jewell & Johnson, grist mill,
grind 35,000 bushels grain of all
kinds, valued at $30,000 Thomas
county.
the
The
best
Northern
Railroad passes along the western suburbs of the village, on a
high bank, affoi'ding a fine view
of nearly the whole village at a
glance.
Cemeteries.
etery
is
The
principal
cem-
situated on a plain about
one hundred rods easterly from
the village, considerably elevated
above it, and is truly a delightful spot for the final resting place
hold most dear. As
said, "All is quiet
yet, within the inclosure, the visitor, with a single
glance, may behold the distant and
gradually rising hills toward the
west, and the puffing locomotive,
with its almost endless train;
while, a short distance below, is the
union of the Pemigewasset with
the Winnjpiseogee, and before
of those
we
one has well
around, and
him
the busy village
with
its
—the
whole
and
variety
beauty, presenting a striking contrast to the stillness of the sacred
grounds, and forcibly reminding
him that there is but a step between the abodes of the living and
" the city of the dead." The Sanborn cemetery is one mile east,
and on a corresponding elevation,
overlooking the village and the
river. Both of these cemeteries
belong to incorporated companies,
and there are some fine and expensive monuments in their grounds.
The Webster place cemetery is the
oldest in town. In these grounds
rest the ashes of the parents of
Daniel Webster, and of others of
his kindred. Another cemetery
�163
FRANKLIN.
on the river road,
lies
in the north
part of the town.
The
prosperity of Franklin, like
that of Keene,
Newport, Rochester,
Lebanon, Littleton and Farmington
is
owing
largely to the enterprising
own inhabitants, who
invest their surplus capital for the
spirit of its
growth and welfare of their own
town and do not seek investments
in the West, and quietly wait for
foreign capital to come in and
build their workshops and mills
;
while they stand ready to sell their
corner lots at advanced rates. If
people wish to have their own
towns increase in wealth and population, let
them invest
their
own
surplus money in them, and foreign capital will surely come in
and
assist
them
in
enter-
their
Christian, Rev.
O. J.
Waite, pastor. There are sixteen
schools in town, seven of which
are graded average length for the
total
twenty-two weeks
year,
amount of money annually appropriated for school purposes,
pastor;
;
;
$4000.50.
Literary
Franklin
Institution.
Academy, Charles A. Jewell,
prin-
cipal.
Libraries. Franklin Library Association,
1500
volumes
Aiken
;
Library Association, 800 volumes.
Private libraries of 500 volumes
or more
Judge G. W. Nesmith,
1,500 volumes; Jonas B. Aiken,
500; David Gilchrist, 600 M. B.
Goodwin, 4,000; A. F. Pike, 2,000;
Daniel Barnard, 1,200; Rev. Dr.
Savage, 1,500; Rev. O. J. Waite,
:
;
John W. Simonds,
prise.
500;
Employments. As can be seen in
the foregoing, Franklin is a mercantile and manufacturing town;
although in proportion to the area
of improved land, its agricultural
productions are as valuable as
those of any town in the county.
The amount of lumber sawed, of
Na-
thaniel Sanborn, 600.
all
kinds,
laths,
is
600,000 shingles
and 800,000
and
feet of boards,
valued at S 1-2,000. The total value
of goods of all kinds manufactured
is
(See tables.)
Productions of the
mechanical labor,
$ 79,000
$2,498,400.
Resources.
soil,
$334,800
;
;
stocks and
money
at in-
terest, 61,700; deposits in savings
banks, $123,057; stock in trade,
$159,450;
$
professional
business,
Franklin Savings Bank.
(See tables.)
Merrimack Jour-
Newspaper.
nal.
(See tables.)
Hotels.
Webster
Churches and Schools. First Baptist, Rev. J. F. Fielding, pastor
Freewill
Baptist, Rev.
James
Rand, pastor Methodist, Rev. J.
Dearborn, pastor; Congregational, Rev. W. T. Savage, D.D.,
;
House
and
Franklin House.
Boundaries. North by Hill and
Sanbornton, east by Sanbornton
and Northfield; south by Northfield, Boscawen and Salisbury, and
west by Salisbury and Andover.
Area, 9,200 acres; area of improved land, 7,376 acres.
Distances. Twenty miles, by rail
road, north from Concord.
Railroads. The Northern Railroad passes through this town,
from Concord, in a northerly and
northwesterly
80,000.
W.
Bank.
1,000;
direction.
When
from Franklin, to form a junction with the
Montreal Railroad at Tilton, and
thence to Alton Bay, their railroad
facilities will be equaled by but
few towns in the State.
the railroad
is
built
�NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER.
164
FREEDOM.
surface
uneven, but the soil is well
adapted for grazing and tillage.
Hirer and Lakes. Ossipee River
is the only stream of any imporis
some excellent
of which but very
tance.
The Ossipee
factories, see tables.)
Bank
Valley Savings
and
here,
is
are
there
money
at interest,
pro-
$
6,225
deposits in savings banks, $13,918;
stock in trade, $ 9,066
tourists,
$
;
from sum-
Mr.
town.
Stenchfield,
W.
Baptist,
pastor;
Hobbs, pas-
There are ten schools in this
Average length for the
Freedom was
formerly called North Effingham
and was taken from Effingham,
and Ossipee Gore, and incorporated
by its present name, June 16, 1831.
Boundaries.
North by Eaton
and Madison, east by Parsonsfield,
south by Effingham, and west by
Ossipee. Area of improved land,
;
7,847 acres.
Distances.
east
Sixty miles north-
from Concord, and ten north
from Ossipee.
Railroads.
several other small streams, which
some good water power.
Loon Pond, in the north part is the
principal body of water.
furnish
A
Employments.
large portion
of the inhabitants are engaged in
ufacturing
carried on,
is
manwhich
will be largely increased
now
Nashua and Rochester
railroad
the
The
the town.
of boots and shoes annu-
passes through
number
is
30,000 pairs;
and 1,500,000 feet
boards, and dimension timber is
30,000 shingles
Carroll House.
First Settlements.
and theoretical farmers in
town, and their combined practice
has proved successful and remuner-
tical
ally manufactured,
year, ten weeks.
Hotel.
the inhabitants industrious and
prosperous. There are some prac-
agriculture, but considerable
3,500.
Churches and Schools.
Christian, Rev. A.
is
River and Pond. The town is
watered by Squamscot River and
ducts, $67,402; mechanical labor,
;
The
County.
generally level, and the
soil of good quality.
As a general
thing the farms are well tilled, and
surface
ative.
Agricultural
Resources.
tor.
FREMONT.
Rockingham
several
of various kinds, doing a
fair business.
Rev.
When
completed, the Ossipee Valley
Railroad will pass through this
town.
located
stores,
mer
Falls and Conway Railroad.
It affords
water privileges,
Part of Ossipee
little is improved.
Lake lies in this town.
The inhabitants
Employments.
are generally engaged in agriculture. There are some very fine
farms in Freedom, under a high
(For manustate of cultivation.
$ 5,800
on the Portsmouth, Great
station,
The
Carroll County.
sawed, valued at $19,000; besides
there are spokes, hubs, shoe boxes,
and palm leaf hats produced. (See
tables.)
Resources.
Agricultural produc-
tions, $56,862:
$21,500;
mechanical labor,
money
at interest,
$15,
savings banks,
$5,423; stocks and bonds, $4,400;
stock in trade, $ 6,000.
865;
deposits in
MethoChurches and Schools.
and Baptist are both supplied
by transient preachers. There are
dist
By
Express team
Centre
daily, eight miles to Ossipee
four schools
in town.
Average
�GILFORD.
length of schools for the
nineteen weeks.
First Settlements.
This
was
was
formed
from
Brentwood,
w:is
originally a part of
It
was incorporated June
Exeter.
22, 1764,
the
town
and
originally called Poplin,
which
July
year,
and changed
The
8, 1854.
first
to
Fremont,
precise date of
settlement
is
not known.
Rev. Orlando Hines, was the
first
minister.
North by Epping,
Danville and Sandown, and west by
Chester and Raymond. Area, 10,
320 acres; improved land, 4,449
Boundaries.
east by Brentwood, south by
Mountains. Suncook Mountain
extends in a towering pile through
its eastern portion nearly to Lake
Winnipiseogee.
The Winnipiseogee
Villages.
River, from the outlet of the lake
to the bay, separates the
town from
Laconia. On this river, in its
course of about two miles, are situated the two growing villages of
Lake Village and Laconia (formerly called Meredith Bridge). The
rapid growth of these two villages
has nearly connected them, so that
they now form one of the largest
centres for manufacturing and mer-
These
towns of Gilford and Laconia, and are connected by bridges over the Winnipiseocantile trade in the State.
villages are in the
acres.
Twenty-four miles
Distances.
south-west from Portsmouth, ten
west from Exeter, and thirty southeast from Concord.
GILFORD.
Belknap County.
Gilford
is
the shire town of the county it
ranks in population the eleventh,
in wealth the twentieth, and in the
;
annual value of
its
productions, the fourth
agricultural
town
in the
of the town is
uneven but the soil is generally
very productive and under a high
State.
165
The surface
state of cultivation.
WinnipiseoRivers, •Ponds &c.
gee River washes its eastern border in its passage from Long to
Winnisquam Lake, for a distance
of nearly two miles, and affords
water power in
Gunstock and Miles
the State.
Rivers have their rise in Suncook
Mountain and flow in a northerly
direction into Winnipiseogee Lake.
There are two ponds, Little and
Chattleborough. There are two
some of the
finest
gee River.
Lake
village
is
pleasantly situat-
ed at the foot of Long Bay, which,
at the Wiers, forms the outlet of
Winnipiseogee Lake. In this village are several hosiery manufactories, a cotton and a woolen manufactory, the Boston Concord and
Montreal Railroad repair and Machine shop, a large foundry and
machine shop, Wardwell Needle
Manufactory, knitting machine
manufactory, Photographer, sawmill, &c. There are also twenty
or thirty stores, four churches, one
large hotel, savings bank, newspaper office, and about 2000 inhabitants.
At Laconia village near Winnisquam Lake, are located the celebrated Ranlet Car Manufactory,
several hosiery mills, woolen and
cotton mills, sash and blind, iron
foundry, machine shops, gas works
and mechanical shops of various
kinds common to a thriving
islands in the lake belonging to this
New
town.
are
England
five
village.
church
edifices,
There
sev-
�NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER.
166
eral school houses, Court House,
three banks, one newspaper office,
thirty or forty stores, two hotels,
various professional offices and
about 3000 inhabitants. Some of
the public and business buildings
are fine structures, and compare
favorably with buildings of a similar character of any city or large
town in the State. The streets are
wide and lighted by gas and some
of them very pleasantly shaded by
which are many
trees, behind
splendid residences adorned with
beautiful gardens and green lawns,
and the generally thrifty appear-
value of $120,000. Men and women's cotton and worsted hose, shirts
and drawers annually manufactured, are valued at nearly $ 250,
250,000
10,000 clapboards;
000;
shingles 3,575,000 feet of boards,
together with the sash, blind and
planing of boards are annually valued at $129,000. The total value
of manufactured goods of all kinds,
annually produced, is $734,000.
(See Tables.)
Productions of the
Resources.
;
soil,
$247,290; mechanical
money
labor,
&c,
$28,700;
interest, $22,600; de-
stocks,
$185,800;
at
sections ren-
posits in savings banks, $230,989;
ders this village delightful and attractive. The inhabitants of the
two villages are earnestly discuss-
stock in trade, $42,630 from tourists, $10,000; professional business,
ance to be seen in
all
ing the question of forming three
towns out of the towns of Gilford
and Laconia and having these villages the centre of two of the towns.
The arguments produced
for such
About
a change, are plausible.
four miles east from Lake Village
In
is Gilford village (or centre).
this village
store,
is
school
a church, town house,
house,
post office,
and
some small mechanical shops.
Employments. The employments
forty or fifty dwelling houses,
of the people are nearly equally divided between agriculture, on the
one side, and manufacturing, trade
and professional business on the
other.
About 3,000 bushels of
wheat, 12,000 bushels of corn, 5,000
tons of hay, &c., are annually produced. The Boston, Concord and
Montreal machine shops, annually
turn off work in repairing, manufacturing cars, &c, to the value of
$140,000.
Two iron founderies
and machine shops, annually produce loom castings, stoves, plows,
cultivators, and water wheels to the
;
$80,000.
Summer
Resorts.
The
delight-
with the fine
scenery of the surrounding country, cause many tourists to make
their home in this town through
the warm season, away from the
ful villages, together
noise, filth
and impure
air ot the
large cities.
Churches and Schools. 1st Freechurch, Rev. S. C.
Kimball, pastor number of members, 140, church value, $10,000;
2d F. W. Baptist church, Rev.
will Baptist
;
Frank Lyford, pastor; number of
members, 114, church value, $8, 000
3d F. W. Baptist church, Rev. H.
Kimball, pastor; number of
160, church value, $10,
000; Calvin Baptist, Rev. K. S.
S.
members,
Hall, pastor;
number of members,
110, church value, $15,000;
Advent,
There are
fourteen school districts, and seventeen schools in town; average
H. B. Cutter, pastor.
length of schools for the year, sixteen weeks. Total amount annually appropriated for school purposes, $3,015,55.
�167
GILMANTON.
MOUNT BELKNAP HOUSE.
Hotels.
Mount Belknap House,
of agricultural products exceeded
town in the State. The
Laconia Hotel and
Willard Hotel, Laconia Village.
that of any
surface
is
The
the soil
is
Lake Village.
total value of
Hotels
is
$75,
000.
This town was
originally a part of Gilmanton, and
First Settlers.
was incorporated June 16, 1812.
James Ames and S. S. Gilman
made the first settlement in 1778.
broken and uneven, but
deep and fertile, and the
farmers are well rewarded for their
with good crops of wheat,
corn, oats, hay and potatoes.
It is well
Rivers and Ponds.
watered by Suncook and Soucook
labor,
some excellent
Suncook River
has its source in a pond on the top
of one of the Suncook mountains,
The
900 feet above its base.
water of this pond falls into another at the foot of the mountain
one mile in length, and one half
rivers,
which
afford
water privileges.
Elder Richard
Martin (F. W. Baptist) settled here
in 1798. Elder Uriah Morton, ordained in 1808; died in 1817.
Boundaries.
North by "VVinnipiseogee Lake, east by Alton and
Gilmanton, south by Belmont, and
west by Long Bay and Laconia.
Area, 23,000 acres improved land,
this
18,728.
about 500
First Ministers.
;
Twenty-five miles
north of Concord.
Railroads. The Boston,
Concord and Montreal passes through
this town on its western border.
The Lake Shore Railroad, if ever
built, will pass through the northern portion of the town.
Distances.
mile in width;
it
falls into
flowing through
another, covering
acres, from which it
meanders through the town, re-
ceiving
several
streams
in
its
The Soucook River has
source from Loon, Rocky and
course.
its
Shell Camp Ponds, in the south
part of the town, which are the
only ponds of any note.
Mountains.
Suncook
Moun-
tains extending in a southerly di-
G!L,MA^TTO.\.
Belknap County.
Gilmanton
is one of the best farming towns
in the county, and before Belmont
was disannexed from it the value
are in this town.
highest peak is about 900
rection,
The
feet
above the level of the sea. Porcupine Hill, is a remarkably abrupt precipice of granite gueiss and
�NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER.
168
mica
slate rock,
which form, by
overhanging strata and deep
ravines, a pleasant and favorite
resort of the students of Gilmantheir
ton Academy. Below this steep
precipice, is a deep an'd shady dell
thickly clad with dark evergreen
foliage of forest trees, while the
rocks are wreathed in rich profusion by curious and beautiful lichens or mosses.
Quartz crystals of
Minerals.
considerable size are found near
Shell
iron
Camp
Formerly bog
pond.
was taken
in large quantities
from the bottom of Lougees Pond
by means of long tongs.
Summer
Resorts.
The numer-
ous hills and valleys in Gilmanton produce considerable scenery
which is romantic and beautiful,
and has attracted the attention of
many tourists who resort here in
the warm weather, for recreation
and health.
Employments.
Farming is the
chief employment of the people
although manufacturing is carried
on to a considerable extent. 500,
000 feet of boards &c, and 420,000
shingles are annually sawed, also
90,000 pairs of boots and shoes are
annually manufactured. There is
one mill where plows and cultivators are made
one rake manu;
besides
factory,
7,500
sides of
leather annually tanned, valued at
§33,700.
$
Productions of the
mechanical labor,
stocks and money at in-
170,670
$ 33,400
$
;
terest,
;
33,606
;
banks, $81,189;
$
$
$
deposits in savings
stock in trade,
from summer tourists,
9,000 from professional business,
6,900
spectable institutions in the State.
was incorporated October
It
13,
R. E. Avery, principal
number of students, 122; library
contains 600 volumes.
Hotels. Central House, (at iron
works).
Washington House, (at
1794
;
Academy).
First Settlements.
was granted
sons,
Gilmanton
to twenty-four per-
named Gilman, and 152 oth1727.
The settlement
May 20,
ers,
was delayed and interrupted by
frequent depredations of the In-
Benjamin and John Mudgand Orlando Weed with their
dians.
ett
families settled here in
December
Dorothy Weed, the first
white child born in town, was born
Belmont
here October 13, 1762.
was taken from this town June 28,
1761.
1859.
First Minister.
Elder Walter
Powers, ordained in 1786; dismissed in 1806. Rev. Isaac Smith,
ordained in 1774; died in 1817. A
Baptist Church was organized November 16, 1773, and the Congre-
gational
Church
November
30,
1774.
Resources.
soil,
Congregational, one Methodist,
one Friends, one Freewill Baptist,
one Calvin Baptist, and one AdEighteen schools; avervent.
age length for the year, sixteen
weeks.
Academy. Gilmanton Academy
is one of the oldest and most re-
;
;
18,000.
Churches and Schools. There are
seven churches in town, viz. two
Northeast by Giland Alton, south-east by New
Durham and Barnstead, southwest by Loudon and Canterbury,
and north-west by Belmont and
Improved land, 23,840
Gilford.
Boundaries.
ford
acres.
Twenty-five miles
Distances.
north-east from Concord, and eight
south-west from Gilford.
�GILSUM
— GOFFSTOWN.
169
money
Railroads. Ten miles, by daily
stage to Tilton, on Boston, Concord and Montreal Railroad, from
Gilmanton Academy; and six
$35,100;
miles by daily stage to Alton, on
the Cocheco Railroad, from Gilmanton Iron Works. When completed, the Suncook "Valley extension and Franklin and Rochester
at interest, $9,550;
gational,
Railroad will pass through this
town.
GIL,SUM.
Cheshire County.
The
sur-
generally uneven, but the
In many parts are
soil is fertile.
to be found fine arable land, free
face
is
froin stone,
and producing good
deposits in savings banks, $58,193;
stock in trade, $33,600.
Churches and Scliools. CongreRev. H. Wood, pastor
There are
Methodist,
seven schools in Gilsum average
length for the year, ten weeks.
First Settlers. This town was
granted to Joseph Osgood, Jacob
.
;
Farmer and others, under the name
of Boyle, December 8, 1752. It
was re-granted to Messrs. Gilbert,
Sumner, and others, by its present
name, July 13, 1763. The first settlers were Josiah Kilburn, Peltiah
Pease, Obadiah Wilcox, Ebenezer
Dewey, and Jonathan Adams, in
crops of grass and grain.
1764.
River and Pond. Ashuelot River
passes through this town, affording
many excellent water privileges.
Cranberry Pond, a small sheet of
Rev. Elisha
First Minister.
Fish, Congregational, installed in
water, lies in the north-east section of the town.
Vessel Rock. In this town there
is an immense bowlder which has
received the name of " Vessel
Rock." It appears to have been
stranded upon a mica slate ledge,
whither it was driven and deposited by a powerful drift current
which swept over the country in
ages long since past. In the winter of 1817, a large piece of this
rock was split off from the mass by
some external force.
Employments. The employments
of the people are nearly equally
divided between agriculture and
manufacturing.
There are two
woolen manufactories, whose manufactured goods are annually valued at nearly $100,000. 600,000
feet of lumber are annually sawed,
&c. (See tables.)
Productions of the
Resources.
soil,
$52,145;
mechanical labor,
1794
;
died in 1807.
Boundaries. North by Alstead,
east by Stoddard and Sullivan,
south by Keene and west by Surry.
Distances. Forty-six miles southwest from Concord, and nine north
from Keene. Area, 9,456 acres.
Railroads. Nine miles to Keene
depot, Cheshire Railroad.
GOFFSTOWN.
Hillsborough County. Goffstown is considered one of the best
and wealthiest farming towns in
the county. The soil of the uplands is rocky in some places, but
Back
is excellent for grazing.
from the river are extensive plains
—not
so rich in soil, but easy to
cultivate,
tilled,
when
and,
producing
properly
fine crops.
Rivers. The tributary branches
of the Piscataquog River unite
near the west line of the town, and
run through the center in an easterly direction, falling into the
Mer-
what was
for-
rimack River
at
�NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER.
170
merly called Piscataquog Village.
Elevations. In the south-west
part of the town are two considerable elevations, which bear the
name of "Uncannunuc."
Employments. The inhabitants
are generally engaged in agriculture. The surplus products of the
farmers find a ready sale in the
City of Manchester. Over 200,000
quarts of milk are annually sold.
There is considerable manufacturing done. 85,000 window sash and
45,000 pairs of
window
blinds are
manufactured
annually
7,000
boys sleds made also over 2,000,
000 feet of lumber sawed. The
total value of all kinds of goods
annually manufactured is §189,000.
(See manufacturing tables.)
Resources.
Agricultural prod;
1
;
mechanical labor,
$64,100; stocks and bonds, $16,600;
ucts, $160,860;
money
at interest, $7,200 deposits
in savings banks, $215,422; stock
in trade,
professional
$34,352;
;
business, $10,000. The resources
of Goftstown show the prosperous
condition of its inhabitants.
Churches and Sclwols. Congre-
missed in
Rev D.
1795.
L.
Mor-
LL. D., settled in 1802; dismissed in 1811.
Boundaries. North by Dunbarton and Hooksett; east by Hooksett and Manchester, south by Bedford, and west by New Boston and
Weare. Area, 29,170 acres. Improved land, 10,606 acres.
rill,
Distances.
Sixteen miles south
from Concord, and twelve north
from Amherst.
Railroads. The Manchester and
North Weare Railroad passes
through this town. The projected
line of railroad from Manchester
to Keene will also pass through
Goffstown.
GO R HAM.
Coos County.
Gorham
is
one
of the growing towns in Northern
New-Hampshire, having increased
in population from 224 in 1850, to
1161 in 1870, and is now the fourth
town in the county in population,
and in wealth the fifth. It is sit-
uated at the northern base of the
White Mountains, and much of
its territory is rough and unproductive.
Its prosperity
must be
Grand
gational, S. L. Gerald, pastor;
Methodist, E. Bradford, jr., pastor.
There are fourteen schools in town
Trunk Railway, which has ex-
average length for the year, eighteen weeks.
Hotels.
New-Hampshire Cen-
tensive repair shops here for the
Eastern Division of their road;
and as being one of the most pop-
and Uncannunuc.
This town was
granted to Rev. Thomas Parker
and others, by the Masonian pro-
ular resorts for
tral,
First Settlers.
prietors, in
formerly included a part of Hooksett and Manchester.
Incorporated June 16,
1748.
It
1761.
First Mi?iisters.
Currier,
ordained
Rev.
in
Joseph
1771;
attributed
the
summer
tourists
White Mountain range.
Rivers. The Androscoggin pass-
in the
es through the north-east part of
the town; Peabody Riv-r forms a
junction with the Androscoggin
near the village of Gorham.
There are many small mountain
streams well stored with trout.
dis-
missed in 1774. Rev. Cornelius
Waters, ordained in 1781; dis-
largely to
Village.
is
On
the Androscoggin
situated the thriving village of
Gorham.
The mountain scenery
�GORHAM.
around this village is not surpassed in the whole mountain region.
At
the south-east, distant but a
few miles, stand Mounts Moriah
and Carter, each about 5,000 feet
in height at the west can be seen
Mount Madison, at the north-west
;
the Pilot range, while at the east,
Androscoggin Hills, the
most prominent of which is Mount
Hayes. It is only eight miles to
the Glen House at the base of
Mount Washington. The other
places around Gorham, worthy of
a visit from tourists, are Lead
Mine Bridge in Shelburne, four
miles distant, Randolph Hill, Berlin Falls, on the Androscoggin,
and many other points of interest
are the
to
the
traveler.
House, in
The
Alpine
and one of
most popular
this village,
and
houses around the Mountains, was
The burning of
burnt in 1872.
the
largest
this
hotel
village,
made
many
is
and
it
a great loss to the
who have
summer home for
to travelers
their
years past.
gers of the
If the
mana-
Grand Trunk Railway,
Montreal Railroad, have an eye on the main
chance, and to the interests of
like those of the
their
own
road, a
new
hotel will
from the ashes of the Alpine,
with enlarged facilities for the ac-
rise
commodation of
tourists,
before
171
boarders.
It is estimated that
there are three thousand tourists
who stop here from one week to
three months through the warm
season,
mer
The
capital invested in the rail-
road shops,
is $ 125,000, employing
men, with an annual pay roll
of $ 96,000, and with an annual
production of $250,000. There are
155
also various other manufactories
in the village. There are three
churches, one large school house,
twelve stores, of various kinds,
bank, three lawyers, three physicians, one dentist, and about 900
inhabitants.
Employments.
mer
all
Over
boarders.
of lumber
is
2,850,000 feet
annually sawed, val-
ued
at $35,500; meal and flour
ground, valued at $ 9,000
machine shop, $ 250,000 starch mill,
$2,200; tannery, $ 18,800 besides
cabinet work, shoe making, black;
;
;
smiths, harnesses, carriage repairing, tin
ware,
and some
tailors,
other mechanical shops. The total
value of all goods manufactured
annually is $ 344,000. (See tables.)
Resources. Agricultural produc-
$5,000;
The Gorham House, Lary
House, Mount Washington House,
Eagle House, and Glen House, at
Mount Washington's base, are fine
hotels.
There are also five or six
boarding houses, for summer
The inhabitants
engaged in manufacturing, trade, and keeping sumare nearly
the wants of the traveling public,
desire to stop for a few weeks
or months in this delightful vil-
sum-
the village.
tions,
lage.
in the height of
weeks, there
are over one thousand stopping in
another year passes. There are a
number of good hotels still remaining, but not enough to supply
who
and
travel, for four
$ 20,920
;
mechanical labor,
$116,700; money at interest, $ 5,
deposits in savings banks,
750;
stock in trade, $39,709;
from summer tourists, (with the
Glen House) estimate, $ 130,000.
Professional business, $10,000.
Churches and Schools.
gational, Rev. G. F.
CongreTewksbury,
pastor; Methodist
supplied by Rev.
seaux of Lancaster.
lic,
;
Catho-
H. NoiThere are
I.
�NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER.
172
and granite are also
slate, gneiss,
average length of
three schools
schools for the year, twenty-four
found.
weeks.
Banks.
principally engaged in agriculture.
;
There are annually sawed, 40,000
(See tables.)
First Settlement.
Gorham was
originally called " Shelburne
Ad-
In 1800 there were but
It
forty-five inhabitants in town.
was incorporated under its present
dition."
name June
18, 1836.
Area
and
Randolph.
Area of im-
west by
18,146 acres.
proved land 1981 acres.
Distances. By railrord 172 miles
north from Concord, and 35 east
from Lancaster.
Railroads.
The Grand Trunk
Railroad passes through the northeastern portion of the town. This
road connects Portland with Montreal and the West.
The Boston,
Concord and Montreal forms a
junction with it at Northumberland.
GOSHEIV.
Sullivan County. The surface of Goshen is uneven and broken, but the soil,
shingles;
&c.
925,000
feet of
boards
6,000 sides of leather,
;
and
12,000 lbs. of splits are annually
tanned, valued at $25,000.
Productions of the
Resources.
mechanical labor,
soil, $ 60,092
$ 5,000 stocks and money at inter
deposits in savings
est, $ 26,050
banks, $ 20,618
stock in trade,
$ 8,700.
Churches and Schools.
Christain church, Rev. H. A. Stratton,
Congregational church,
pastor
Rev. John Bragdon, pastor; Baptist church, no pastor
There are
Average
five schools in town.
;
Boundaries.
North by Berlin,
east by Shelburne, south by the
northern base of the White Mountains,
The people are
Employments.
Gorham Savings Bank.
when properly culSome
tivated, produces fine crops.
of the farms are under a high state
of cultivation.
Streams and Ponds.
Several
small streams which unite in
forming Sugar River have their
source in the east part of the Sunapee mountain. Rand's Pond, in
the north-east part of the town,
is the largest body of water.
Mountain.
Sunapee Mountain
;
;
;
;
length of schools for the
nineteen weeks.
year,
Goshen was
First Settlements.
formed from Newport, Sunapee,
Newbury, Washington, Lempster,
and Unity. It was first settled by
Capt. Benjamin Rand, William
Lang and Daniel Grindle, whose
sufferings and hardships were very
great their crops were often badly
injured by early frosts, and they
were frequently obliged to go to
and Walpole for
Charlestown
:
grain. Incorporated in 1791.
A CongregaChurches.
church was organized in
1802, and a Baptist society in 1803.
Boundaries. North by Sunapee
and Newport, east by Newbury,
south by Washington, and west by
Lempster and Unity. Area 12,023
acres; area improved land, 8,513
First
tional
acres.
the
principal elevation.
miles
Forty-two
Distances.
north-west from Concord, and six
Minerals.
Plumbago is found
here in limited quantities. Mica,
south-east from Newport.
Railroad. By stage three times
lies in the eastern part,
and
is
�GOSPOItT
— GRAFTON.
173
a week to Newport station, six
miles, on the Sugar river railroad.
Lord Jesus Christ. On a certain
day, which, by their agreement,
GOSPOKT.
belonged unto the exercises of
the fishermen came to
Mr. Brock, and asked him, if they
might put by their meeting, and go
a fishing, because they had lost
many days, by reason of foul
weather. He, seeing that without
religion,
Rockingham County. An island in the Atlantic Ocean, about
twelve miles from Portsmouth, and
belongs to a cluster of islands situated mostly within the boundary
of Maine, and called the Isles of
Shoals.
It was formerly called
Appleton Island and contains about
one hundred and
fifty
acres.
The
inhabitants are principally devoted
to fishing, and attending to the
wants of summer tourists. It is
becoming one of the greatest sumresorts on the Atlantic coast.
mer
One
of the largest hotels in the
was built here in 1872, besides there were several other
State,
large houses previously erected.
Steamboats leave and return to
the wharves in Portsmouth several times daily through the warm
season for the accommodation of
the traveling public.
Owing to
Early Settlements.
the
great
facilities
island
was inhabited by the whites
for
fishing,
this
an early date.
In 1728, they
paid £ 16, as their proportion of
the province tax of £ 1,000.
at
There
one school
with twenty-eight scholars. Average length of schools, twelve
Schools.
weeks
;
number
is
of inhabitants 94.
had occasionally, but
in this respect there has been no
improvement for over two hundred
years. " As eaidy as 1650, Rev. John
Brock began to preach here. The
Preaching
is
following story
by Mather:
is
— 'Mr.
consent, they resolved upon
doing what they had asked of him,
replied, If you will go away, I say
unto you, catch fish, if you can!
But as for you that will tarry, and
worship the Lord Jesus Christ this
day, I will pray unto Him for you,
that you may take fish till you are
weary.
Thirty men went away
from the meeting, and five tarried.
The thirty which went away, with
all their skill, could catch but four
his
fishes
;
the five
who
forth afterwards,
tarried went
and they took
hundred. The fishermen, after
readily attended whatever
meetings Mr. Brock appointed
them.'"
Doubtless there is no such agreement with any minister to-day, if
there was, the people would be
quite as apt to break it.
five
this,
GRAFTON.
Grafton County. The surface
is uneven but in many sections the
soil is good, and, when properly
cultivated, produces fine crops of
corn, potatoes, and grass.
There
some
are
farms, and
tical
very well
cultivated
some of the
best prac-
farmers in the State, reside
in this town.
related of him,
Eivers and Ponds. Smith's River,
Brock brought
a tributary of the Pemigewassett,
runs through this town in a south-
the people into an agreement, that,
exclusive of the Lord's day, they
easterly direction, also branches of
Mascomy River which
would spend one day every month
the
together, in the worship of our
into the Connecticut,
falls
have their
�NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER.
174
source in the north-western section
of the town. There are five ponds,
the largest of which is called Grafton Pond, and has an area of nearTwo are
ly three hundred acres.
named "Mud Ponds."
Elevations and Minerals. In the
north-west part of the town is a
remarkable ledge, called the " PinOn the south side, the
nacle."
ground rises by a gradual ascent
to the summit; but on the north
side, it rises nearly perpendicular
over one hundred and fifty feet.
At Glass Hill, about four hundred
feet above its base, is found a
very valuable quarry of Mica.
The Mica is very clear, and colorless and, when in thick masses, has
a red tinge. This quarry is extensively worked in the warm season,
and yields nearly 100,000 lbs. of
mica annually. It is now worked
by J. W. Kelton & Co., Grafton
Centre. From the summit of this
a delightful view of the surrounding country may be obtained.
hill,
On
John's Hill an eminence about
one mile south-west from Glass
Hill, beryls of
a large
size,
are
found.
Employments.
Agriculture is
the principal employment of the
people.
Besides the work in the
mica quarry, there is but little
manufacturing done. (See Tables.)
Resources.
Agricultural products,
$
79,934
;
mechanical labor,
$4,300; stocks and bonds, $3,200;
money at interest, $ 18,886 deposits in savings banks, $45,220; stock
;
in trade,
tourists,
$
$12,150;
from summer
1,000.
Churches and ScJwols.
Rev. Warren Applebee,
Union,
pastor;
There are ten
schools in town, average length for
the year, twelve weeks.
Christian,
.
Hotels.
Pleasant Valley House.
This town was
First Settlers.
granted to Ephraim Sherman and
August 14, 1761. The first
permanent settlement was made
by Captain Joseph Hoyt, and Captain Alexander Bixby in 1772. Inothers,
corporated,
November
was formed in
11, 1778.
A Baptist church
First Churches.
The Freewill
was organized in
1785.
Baptist church
1817.
North by Orange,
and Danbury,
south by Springfield, and west by
Enfield and Canaan.
Area, 21,
Boundaries.
east by Alexandria
993, acres.
Distances.
Thirty-six
miles
north-west from Concord, and sixty south-east from Haverhill.
Railroads.
There are two staNorthern
tions in this town, on the
Railroad.
GRANTHAM.
Sullivan County. The surface of this town is uneven, but
the soil is productive. There are
some farms along its southern and
western border which are well
cultivated and produce fine crops
of grain, grass, &c.
There are
many large tracts of valuable timber land, and plenty of water power to prepare it ready for market.
Ponds and Streams. There are
seven ponds, the largest of which
is Eastman's Pond of an area of
neaidy 300 acres there is another
pond near the Centre which covers
about 200 acres. On the summit
of Croydon mountain, is a natural
pond containing 70 acres. The
town is well watered by numerous
trout brooks, many of them affording excellent water privileges.
Mountains. Croydon Mountain
extends along the westerly part of
;
�175
GREENFIELD.
south-west
Grantham
from
north-east.
The mountain
to
sides
tham
;"
original
but
it
name
was restored
to its
in 1818.
furnish excellent pasturage, and,
at its base, grass is produced in
abundance. On the east side of
Rev.
First Minister.
Clayes, ordained in 1821.
medical
a
is
mountain,
spring supposed to possess healValetudinarians
ing qualities.
Dana
east
the
frequently visit
it,
summer
in the
North by Enfield,
by Springfield and Croydon,
south by Croydon, and west by
Boundaries.
Plainfield.
24,000 acres;
Area.
improved
land, 9,445, acres.
season.
Minerals. Large quantities are
found in this town, of a substance
which produces a paint similar to
spruce yellow when clarified, or,
being burned, produces a Spanish
Brown.
The
Employments.
inhabitants
are principally engaged in agriculture, and lumber business more
—
annually sawed in Grantham, than in any other town in
the county, amounting to over
2,400,000,feet; 1,600,000 clothespins
are also annually manufactured.
(See Tables).
Productions of the
Resources.
lumber
Distances.
to
Newport
is
$63,100; mechanical labor,
$10,500; stocks and bonds, $6,200;
money at interest, $ 9,750 deposits
soil,
;
Via Newport,
fifty
miles north of Concord, and ten
north from Newport.
Ten miles to NewRailroads.
port station on Sugar River Railroad. The Sugar River Extension
Railroad, if ever built, will pass
through this town. A stage runs
daily.
GREENFIELD.
Hillsborough County.
The
surface of Greenfield is broken and
uneven, but the soil is deep and
and yields fine crops
fertile,
of wheat, corn, barley, and potaThe hills afford excellent
toes.
grazing,
plains
stock in
the valleys and
for grain,
favorable
&c.
Churches and Sclwols. Methodist, Elder George A. Tyrrell, pastor; Union, Rev. W. H. Eastman,
There are eight schools
pastor.
in town; average length for the
year, fifteen weeks; amount of
money appropriated for school pur-
while
are
ery,
$
in savings banks,
trade,
$
;
Summer
poses, annually,
Hotel.
15,749
5,475.
$ 748,48.
" Grantham House."
Grantham was
First Settlers.
granted July
11,
1761
but the pro-
;
prietors not fulfilling the conditions of the charter,
it
was regrant-
ed to Colonel William
Symms and
sixty-three others in
1767,
its
present name.
under
The name was
changed in 1786 to "
New
Gran-
Resorts.
The
fine scen-
pure air, and pure water have
caused many city invalids to spend
their summer vacation in GreenThe town is noted for the
field.
longevity of its inhabitants.
Contoocook
Rivers and Ponds.
River foi-ms part of the western
boundary, and separates it from
Hancock. It affords some very
good water power. There are five
ponds, the largest of which is about
one mile in length, and one third
of a mile in width.
Mountains. A part of Crotched
Mountain, rising from the north
part, and part of Lyndeborough
Mountain from the south and east
�NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER.
176
town are the
sections of the
GREENLAND.
prin-
Rockingham Countt.
cipal elevations.
Greenone of the most pleasant
farming towns in the State. The
orchards and gardens are valuable,
yielding a good return to the farm-
Employments,
The inhabitants
are generally engaged in farming.
360,000 feet of lumber are annuSash and blinds
ally sawed.
and wooden measures are also
land
The town
is
made.
excellent fruit,
it
Resources.
Agricultural
prod-
$57,354; mechanical labor,
$ 6,500 stocks and money at interest, $18,575; deposits in savings
ucts,
;
banks, $54,037;
$ 4,725,
stock in trade,
from summer
;
tourists,
$3,000.
Churches and Schools.
Congre-
gational church, Eev. S. H. Partridge,
There are ten
pastor.
school districts in town, and seven
schools; average length for the
year, nineteen weeks.
Dunklee House.
Hotel.
First Settlements.
was
first
Greenfield
settled by Captain Alex-
ander Parker, Major A. Whitte-
more and
others in 1771. Incorporated June 15, 1791. It received
its present name from Major Whittemore. A Congregational church
was formed
in 1791.
Rev. Timothy
Clark, ordained 1800, dismissed in
1811; Rev. John Walker, ordained
in 1812, dismissed in 1822.
Boundaries. North by Bennington and Francestown, east by
Francestown and Lyndeborough,
south by Lyndeborough and Temple, and west by Peterborough and
Hancock.
Improved land, 7,611
First Ministers.
acres.
Distances.
ers.
is
celebrated for its
being excelled in
its orchard products
by no town in the county. Some
of the most valuable and productive farms in the State, are in
this town.
Great Bay waters the northern
section of the town, and the rest is
watered by small streams.
Employments. The people are
generally engaged in agriculture.
The farmers find a ready sale for
their produce in Portsmouth, four
the value of
miles distant. About 280,000 feet
of lumber are annually sawed, and
about 18,000 pairs of sale boots and
shoes made. Owing to the pleasant location of the town, quite a
number of summer tourists spend
the
warm weather
here.
Productions of the
$119,794; mechanical labor,
Resources.
soil,
$ 6,600
;
stocks,
bonds and money
$28,470; deposits in
savings banks, $39,976; stock in
at interest,
$ 1,875; from summer tour$ 2,000.
There is no means of knowing
trade,
ists,
amount of money securities
owned by many people in this
the
town, but
it
is
very large in pro-
portion to the population.
There
Churches and Schools.
are two churches Congregational,
and
Rev. Edward Robie, pastor
Methodist, Elder F. Chandler, pas;
Thirty-eight miles
south-west from Concord, and
about fourteen north-west from
Amherst.
Railroads. The Wilton Railroad
has been extended to this town,
thence to Peterborough.
;
There is a fund of $ 5000, the
income of which is applied to the
support of a congregational minister and for missionary purposes.
There are three public schools in
tor.
�GREENVILLE.
town
;
average length of schools
for the year, thirty-three weeks.
Bracket "Hotel."
Greenland was
originally part of Portsmouth, and
was incorporated in 1703; one
hundred years ago there were
more inhabitants in the town than
Hotel.
First Settlement.
at the present time.
Rev William
First Ministers.
Allen, the first minister, was ordained July 15, 1707; died September 8, 1760; Rev. Samuel McClintock, D.D., ordained in 1756; died
in 1804. He was a chaplain in the
revolutionary army, and very active in the cause of his country.
Boundaries.
North by Great
Bay and Newington, east by Portsmouth and Rye, south by North
Hampton, and west by Stratham
area 6,360 acres; improved land,
5,839.
Distances.
Forty miles south-
east from Concord,
and
west
five
The Eastern, and
Portsmouth and Concord railroad
pass through a portion of this
town, affording excellent railroad
facilities to the inhabitants.
is a small township taken
from the northern section of Mason, and includes within its limits
ville
village."
is
The
surface of
uneven, but the soil is
productive and produces excellent
crops, the fai-mers finding a
market
at
Mason
;
ally
sawing 700,000 feet of lumfurniture manufactory annu-
making
home
village for all
The Columbian Manufac-
ries.
Company are building
another large mill which will go
into operation in a short time.
The total value of goods annually
manufactured is estimated at
turing
$ 655,800.
soil
$108,200;
banks,
The
trade,
village of Green-
situated on the
and
eight or
kinds,
hotel,
some
in
Souhegan
one of the pleasantest villages in the State.
There
are several large cotton mills, an
extensive furniture manufactory,
lumber mills, blacksmith, tin ware,
shoe shops, and various other
mechanical works.
There are
river,
office,
affords
stock
;
$42,800.
through the northwestern part of
town and
summer
from
$35,800;
tourists, $2,500
Souhegan River passes
the
Productions of the
mechanical labor,
deposits
in
savings
£37,682;
is
ten
stores
of
various
two churches, a large school
house with graded schools, bank,
their surplus productions.
Rivers.
700 sets of furniture;
besides various small manufacto-
ville is
Hillsborough County. Green-
"Mason
ally
ber
Village.
GREENVILLE.
the town
voted to exempt from taxation for
a term of years any new manufactories
Avhich may be erected.
With this inducement held out,
there is a prospect that the whole
water power will be improved
within a short time.
The people are
Employments.
largely engaged in manufacturing,
although there are many fine farms
under a high cultivation. There
are annually manufactured 3,524,
400 yards of cotton goods, valued
at $617,100; lumber mills annu-
Resources.
from Portsmouth.
Railroads.
177
fine
water power, about one-half of
which is improved. The town has
insurance,
telegraph, post
two physicians'
offices,
and
about 100 dwelling houses.
Churches and Schools. Congregational, Rev. George F. Merriam,
�NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER.
178
pastor
number of members,
;
95
church value, $8,000; Baptist, Rev.
William H. Walker, pastor number of members, 100; church
;
There are live
value, $7,000.
schools in town, two of which are
graded average length of schools
;
twenty weeks.
Mason Village Savings
Bank.
Bank. (See table.)
" Columbian House,"
Hotels.
for the year,
number
of arrivals, 1,200.
See Mason. The
town was incorporated under the
First Settlers.
of Greenville in June, 1872.
North by Temple
Boundaries.
and Wilton, east by Mason and
Brookline, south by Mason, and
west by New Ipswich.
Forty-three nines
Distances.
Concord, and
southwest from
name
twenty west from Nashua.
A branch of the
Railroad.
Fitchburg railroad, formerly the
Peterborough and Shirley railroad, has its terminus at Greenville village.
soil
is
is
deep and
$ 70,367
;
money
at
interest,
$8,200; stock in trade, $4,878; deposits in savings bank, $ 14,020
mechanical labor $
6,000.
Churches and Schools. Christian
church twenty members, and Baptist church thirty members. There
are ten schools in town. Average
length of schools for the year, ten
weeks.
Organizations.
In 1776 Groton
was granted to George Abbott
and others, by the name of Cockermouth. It was incorporated De-
cember?, 1796.
The first settlers
were James Gould, Captain E.
Melvin, James Hobart, Phinehas
Bennett, and Samuel Farley, in
1770.
First Ministers.
Rev. Samuel
Perley, Congregational, ordained
in
Grafton County.
Productions of the
Resources.
soil,
1779,
dismissed in 1785; Rev.
Thomas Page, ordained
GROTON.
face of Groton
generally engaged in agriculture
1,035,000 feet of lumber, 90.000
clapboards and 430,000 shingles are
annually produced. (See tables.)
The
sur-
in
1790,
died in 1813.
Boundaries.
uneven, but the
Bounded north by
Wentworth and Rumney, east by
and the
reward
Hebron, south by Orange, and
west by Dorchester. Area, 16,531
fertile,
husbandman reaps
a rich
for his labor, in tine crops of corn,
acres.
buckwheat, potatoes, etc.
About 15,000 pounds of maple sugar
re annually made.
Rivers and Ponds.
This town
is well watered on its northerly
border by Baker's River, affording
some very good water privileges.
Several small streams have their
source in the southerly part, and
Forty-five
miles
Distances.
north-west from Concord, and ten
oats,
flow into
cle
ter.
Pond
Newfound lake.
Specta-
the largest body of waIt lies about a mile northeast
is
from Groton meeting house.
Employments.
The people are
west from Plymouth.
Railroads.
station
Six miles to
Rumney
on the Montreal railroad.
Daily stage to Bristol, twelve miles,
on the Bristol Branch railroad.
HAMB»STEAO.
Rockingham County.
town
lies partly
This
on the height of
land between the Merrimack and
Piscataqua rivers. In most sections, the soil is good, and when
�179
HAMPTON.
properly cultivated, produces fair
crops.
Rivers and Ponds. Spiggot River
flows from Wash Pond, near the
centre of the town. Angly Pond
lies in the north-east part, and is
drained by Powwow River. Island
19, 1749, and after the name of a
pleasant village, five miles north
of London in England. It included
in its grant, a portion of Kingston,
which created a long dispute between the two towns, which was
finally settled
by Hampstead's pay-
Pond contains a valuable farm of
ing one thousand pounds old tenor.
about three hundred acres. It is
an irregular shaped town its contour being varied by about thirty
Rev. Henry
First Ministers.
True, ordained in 1752, died in
1782; Rev. John Kelly, installed
angles.
in 1792.
;
The business
Employments.
is
divided between
farming and manufacturing. About
75,000 pairs of sale boots and shoes,
are annually made, and 700,000 feet
of lumber sawed, besides there are
(Several small mechanical shops.
Value of goods annually manunearly
equally
factured, $ 112,300.
Resources.
soil,
$
38,433
.§
29,200
;
Productions of the
mechanical labor,
money
;
at interest,
$ 30,500 deposits
stocks,
;
banks,
$>
44,032
;
and
in savings
stock in
Boundaries. North by Sandown
and Danville, east by Kingston
and Plaistow, south by Atkinson,
and west by Derry. Area, 8,350
acres; area of improved land,
4,725 acres.
About thirty miles
from Concord, and
twelve south-west from Exeter.
The Nashua and
Railroads.
Distances.
south-east
Rochester Railroad now (1873)
being built, will pass through the
town.
trade,
HAMPTON.
$ 9,900.
Churches and Schools. Congregational, Rev. E. W. Bullard, pastor.
There are seven schools in
town.
Average length for the
year, twenty-four weeks.
There has been a fund bequeathed
to the town, for the purpose of
establishing a high school under
provisions.
The late
Emerson made the bequest.
certain
B. D.
First Settlements.
In
1728, a
Emerson made a settlement
Mr.
in the
south part, near a brook; and at
that time only a Mr. Ford and two
Indians lived in the town. This
territory was considered a part of
Amesbury and Haverhill Massachusetts, until the division line
was
two
was granted
established between the
States,
under
in
its
1741.
It
present name, January
The
Rockingham Countt.
town is level, and
rich and productive. It is
surface of this
its soil
noted for
its
extensive marshes,
which have an area of eighteen
hundred acres, or nearly one quarter of the whole surface of the
But few towns in the
town.
State produce as much value, to
each acre of improved land, a9
Hampton being $ 21,25.
;
The
soil
well adapted to tillage and
mowing, but there is not sufficient
is
pasturage, and
many
of the
young
cattle are driven in the spring,
up to
the pasture hills in Belknap CounHampton River, is the only
ty.
stream of any note. The constant
tide, has made quite a
channel, but above tide-flow it is
nothing but a small brook. In its
wash of the
�NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER.
180
passage to the Ocean, it receives
the waters of Seabrook river.
Summer Resorts. Hampton has
been celebrated for many years,
for its extensive beaches and fine
Ocean scenery. Nearly midway
of the beach, there is a high bluff,
apparently rising from the Ocean,
On the
called "Boar's Head."
land side,
its
is
a gentle acclivity to
summit, which covers a level
space of two or three acres. Upon
summit, is a large hotel called
the " Boar's Head House " kept by
this
the popular landlord, S. H. Dumas, Esq. A little south of this
house, on the side of the bluff, and
near the Ocean, is the Leavitt
House, managed by the proprietors
of the same name of the House.
This House is a new structure but
is becoming quite popular, and re;
The number
the various .hotels.
who come
here and stay
from one week to three months, is
estimated at twelve hundred, besides the thousands who stop for
a day or two.
Employments. As can be seen,
the people are largely engaged in
keeping summer boarders, and
farming is made a lucrative business by having a home market for
of tourists
all their surplus productions, at
the hotels and boarding houses.
The business of manufacturing
sale shoes is carried on to a limited
extent; also lumber business, and
various other small mechanical
shops. The total value of manufactured goods annually produced,
is
$
56,560.
Resources.
soil,
$95,447;
Productions of the
mechanical labor,
share of patronage.
At the north-easterly base, is the
Granite Hotel, which is a popular
$16,600; money at interest, $7,
100; deposits in savings banks,
$19,329; stock in trade, $21,967;
House.
The views obtained from the top
of Boar's Head, are the finest on
from summer
ceives
the
its full
New-England Atlantic Coast.
Before you is the broad Atlantic,
the Isles of Sholes, the sea coast
from Cape Ann to Portsmouth, and
the white sails of the hundred
vessels
bound to some foreign land,
some long
or just returning from
voyage to their home port, make the
scene grand and interesting. The
beaches, on either side of the bluff
are
broad, and
afford
excellent
opportunity for invalids and parThere
ties of pleasure to bathe.
are several hotels near the beach,
the largest of which is the Ocean
House. It is about two miles from
Hampton railway station, on the
Eastern railroad, where coaches
are in waiting, on the arrival of
each train, to convey travelers to
tourists,
estimate,
$80,000.
Churches and Schools. Congreno pastor; Freewill Baptist, no pastor;
Methodist, Rev.
Elihu Scott, pastor.
There is a
fund of $ 12.000, the interest of
which is to be devoted to the support of a Congregational minister.
There are seven schools in town,
two of which are graded. Average length for the year, thirty-one
gational,
weeks.
Literary Institution.
Hampton
Academy.
Hotels.
Union
House,
Boar's
Head House, Ocean House, Hampton Beach House, Couch House,
Eagle House, Granite House, and
Dow House.
Hampton was
town settled in New
Hampshire, and was incorporated
First Sctttements.
the fourth
�HAMPTON FALLS.
May
181
and included within
present towns of
North Hampton, Hampton Falls,
Seabrook, Kensington and South
Hampton, having an area of about
the town, in a northerly and south-
The Indian name of
the town was " Winnicummet,"
ton Falls is very pleasantly situated
on the Atlantic. The land back
from the marshes is elevated, and
affords some delightful views of
the ocean. The soil is very fertile,
and large crops of corn, oats, potatoes and hay are produced. Some
of the best farmers to be found in
the state reside in this town.
Employments. The inhabitants
are generally engaged in agricul-
its
22, 1639;
limits the
45,500 acres.
and at the time of its settlement
it was considered within the jurisdiction of Massachusetts.
The
first
settlers were
emigrants of Norfolk,
The first house was
England.
erected in 1636. Like all the early
settlements, it suffered from Indian
depredations. August 11, 1703, a
party of Indians killed five persons, among whom was a widow
Muzzey, celebrated as a preacher
among the Quakers
First Ministers. Rev. Stephen
erly direction.
HAMPTON
FALLS.
Hamp-
Rockingham County.
1,578,000 feet of boards,
ture.
&c,
annually sawed, and 90,000
pairs of shoes manufactured. Cotten batting is also manufactured.
(See tables.)
Resources. Productions of th«
are
'
Batchelder ordained in 1638; removed in 1641. Rev. Timothy Dalton, ordained in 1639; died in
1661.
Rev. John Wheelwright,
ordained in 1647; dismissed in
1658.
Rev. Seaborn Cotton, settled in 1666; died in 1686.
Rev.
John Cotton, settled in 1696 died
in 1710. Rev. Nathaniel Gookin,
settled in 1710; died in 1734. Rev.
;
Ward
Cotton, settled in 1734
;
dis-
$82,794; mechanical labor,
stocks and money at inter-
soil,
$19,500
est, *
;
$ 9,420
banks,
deposits in savings
;
$16,297;
stock
in
trade,
$2,470.
Churches and Schools.
Baptist
Church, Rev. H. H. Beamans, pastor; Christian Church, Rev. J. H.
Graves, pastor Unitarian Church,
;
settled in 1797; dismissed in 1807,
There are three
schools in town; average length
for the year, thirty-two weeks.
There was an academy here for
and died in
many
missed in 1765. Rev. Ebenezer
Thayer, settled in 1766; died in
1792.
Rev. Jesse Appleton, D.D.,
1819.
North by North
Hampton, east by the Atlantic
.
south-west by Hampton
Falls, and west by Exeter.
Area,
8, 130 acres
area of improved land,
Ocean,
;
3,908 acres.
Distances.
Fifty
miles
south-
years.
First Ministers. Rev. Theophilus
Boundaries.
Cotton settled in 1712; died in
1726.
Rev. Joseph Whipple, ordained in 1727 died in 1757. Rev.
Josiah Bagley, settled in 1757 died
in 1762. Rev. Paine Wingate, set;
;
tled
in
1763;
removed
in 1771.
from Concord, ten south-west
from Portsmouth, and seven miles
e?st from Exeter.
Rev. Samuel Langdon, D. D., setdied in 1797. Rev.
tled in 1781
Jacob Abbott, settled in 1798.
Railroad. The Eastern Railroad
passes nearly through the centre of
deposits from this town.
east
;
*
Massachusetts savings banks receive large
�NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER.
182
First
Hampton
Settlements.
was originally a part of
Hampton, and for many years
Falls
much associated with it in the variemployments of
was incorporated in
ous
It
its
people.
1712.
over twenty miles from the pond.
The village is very pleasantly
on a plain. Here are sevmechanical shops, church,
situated
eral
school house, town house, academy, several stores, hotel and fifty
Boundaries.
North - east by
Hampton, south-east by Atlantic
Ocean, south by Seabrook, and west
or sixty dwelling houses. It is a
very desirable village to live in,
by Kensington.
tourists.
Improved
Area, 7,400 acres.
land, 5,786 acres.
Distances.
Fifty miles south-east
from Concord, eleven south-west
from Portsmouth, and six southeast from Exeter.
Eastern Railroad.
Hail roads.
completed, the Newburyport and Amesbury Railroad will
pass through this town.
When
quently broken by hills, and in the
west part by mountains of considerable elevation. These elevations
afford excellent pasturing, besides
On
tillage land.
the Contoocook river, which forms
eastern boundary, are
some
meadows which produce
crops of hay.
the resort of
many summer
Employments. The inhabitants
are principally engaged in agriculture, and, as one has truly said, "It
emphatically one of the good old
farming towns, where any one
would be proud to point out the
home of his ancestors." There
is
are several small manufactories,
annually producing; leather, $10,
and meal, $9,200; lum$ 5,000 besides wheelwrights,
blacksmiths, harness makers, carber,
Hillsborough County. The
surface of this town is uneven, fre-
its
is
000; flour
HANCOCK.
some very good
and
fine
large
There are many
farms under a high state of
culti-
;
penters, painters, &c.
of
mechanical
all
Total value
productions,
$ 29,500.
Productions of the
$84,300; mechanical labor,
$ 10,300 stocks and money at interest, $28,325; deposits in savings
banks, $85,196; stock in trade,
Resources.
soil,
;
$4,650.
Churches and Schools.
There are nine schools average length for the year, nineteen
weeks. Hancock Academy, A. N.
vation.
tor.
Ponds. There are several ponds,
the most important of which is
Norway Pond, near the center of
the town, and Half Moon Pond,
named from its peculiar shape.
Hardy, principal
Long pond lying partly in this
town and partly in Nelson is one of
the sources of Contoocook River.
The stream from this pond flows
through Nelson, Harrisville, and
into the
Contoocook at Peterborough; thence its mingled waters pass back on the eastern line
of Hancook, after a passage of
Congre-
gational, Rev. Askel Bigelow, pas-
Hotel.
;
(in 1870.)
Jefferson House.
First Settlement. The first settlement was commenced here by John
Grimes, in May, 1764. The town
was incorporated under the name
of Hancock, November 5, 1779. It
was named in honor of Governor
John Hancock, of Boston, who was
one of the original proprietors.
But very few towns have retained
their staid, antique customs, and
�HANOVER.
183
former opinions of their friends
and neighbors, without regard to
hill sides in the
political views, like the people of
business.
They had one postmas-
Hancock.
ter for nearly fifty years and many
of their town officers have bad similar length of terms.
In lo71-2,
Mr. Joel Gates, over eighty years of
age, was sent from this town as its
representative in the Legislature
;
summer, indicate
that the farmers find
it
The annual
a lucrative
clip of
wool
about 50,000 pounds. As a general thing the farmers are wealthy,
prosperous and happy with ample
is
;
means ahead
down
to gently ease
them
the declivity oflife.
Rivers and Streams. Connectiis the only considerable
cut River
of this State. But few men had
influence in that body, in
stream in town. Mink, Slate, and
Goose Pond Brooks are the other
than Mr. Gates.
Rev. Reed Page,
ordained in 1791, died in 1816.
Boundaries. North by Antrim,
east by Bennington and Greenfield,
south by Peterborough and west
by Nelson and Harrisville. Area,
area of improved
19,372 acres;
principal streams, neither of
more
disc-vision,
First Minister.
land, 10,409 acres.
miles
Thirty-five
Distances.
from Concord,
twenty-two north-west from
south-west
and
Am-
herst.
Six miles by daily
Greenfleld
railroad
Railroad.
stage
to
station.
HANOVER.
Grafton County. The
of this town
sified
with
is
surface
delightfully diver-
hills
and valleys, and
the larger portion
is
suitable for
There is a small proportion of waste land, probably
less than in any other town in
Grafton County. Over one half of
the surface of the town is under
improvement. Some of the farms
are under a high state of cultivation, producing excellent crops of
wheat, corn, oats, potatoes and
hay. But one town in the county
cultivation.
produces as
Much
many
bushels of corn.
attention has been given to
the raising of sheep, and the large
flocks to be seen
on the pasture
have
sufficient
which
water for mill priv-
ileges.
In the Connecticut, there
are several small islands within
the limits of the town, the largest
of which
is
Parker's Island con-
A handtwenty acres.
some bridge over the Connecticut
connects Hanover with Norwich
Vermont.
Mountain. About five miles east
from the Connecticut, is Moose
Mountain, a considerable elevation
extending across the town from
north to south. There are many
taining
other elevations which oiler some
very fine views.
Village.
At the south-west corner of the town about a half mile
from Connecticut River and 180
feet above the level of its waters,
is located the beautiful village of
Hanover, on a level plat of ground.
The Common or Park is a square,
level area of about six acres,
shaded by rows of thrifty elms,
and surrounded by streets of considerable width.
On the north
side is a church, chapel, and sev-
on the
a street containing other
fine residences adorned with spacious
gardens, the Dartmouth
banking building &c.
On the
south is Dartmouth Hotel, several
business blocks, the gymnasium
eral beautiful residences;
west
is
�NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER.
184
and many dwelling houses; and
on the east are the College grounds,
including
the
College
buildings
which with the observatory are
five in number.
A few rods north
of the Park, on College street, is
the medical building, a brick
structure some seventy feet in
by verdant meadows and well
fields,
dotted with
pleasant and
substantial
farm
mansions and still farther in the
side
cultivated
;
distance can be seen gradually rising the " Green Hills" of Vermont,
whose towering summits seem to
meet the clear blue ethereal sky,
and three stories in height.
South of the observatory and a
the whole presenting a picture of
few rods
forgotten by the
length,
buildings
the
east of the old
is
college
located "Culver Hall"
"New-Hampshire College
of
Agriculture and the Mechanic
Arts." Culver Hall is pronounced,
by competent judges, one of the
finest educational structures in
New-England. Nearly the whole
basement of this building is to be
reserved for an extensive collection of agricultural implements
and models of machinery. More
than one thousand of such implements and models are already in
the building for the purpose of illustration and instruction.
This
is a State institution in connection
with Dartmouth College, and organized expressly for the promotion and "aggrandizement" of the
agricultural interests and mechanical arts of
dustries the
New-Hampshire
;
in-
most important, and,
placed before the people in their
light, the most honorable
callings a man can devote himif
true
self to.
the road leading to Lebanon,
as you ascend to the crest of a hill,
you obtain a delightful and attrac-
view of the
village
surrounding country.
feet nestles
reposing
have visited
this spot.
With
the
pleasant village, the delightful
scenery which surrounds it, with
tlie friendly acquaintances formed,
the ties broken by separating after
a collegiate
life
launch forth on
of four years, to
broad ocean,
life's
the associations formed in
Han-
over are more lasting, and their
memory more sacred in the breasts
of thousands than those of any
other town in the State.
Hanover is one of the most desirable locations, for the prosecution
of studies, in
New
England.
The
pleasant resorts, the beautiful and
romantic scenery, away from the
bustle and confusion of city life,
all contribute to render it in every
essential, a desirable seat of litera-
ture and science.
For a
full des-
cription of this popular Institution,
see another part of this volume.
Employments.
The
inhabitants
are generally engaged in agricultu e, but 20.000 clapboards 55,000
;
On
tive
nature and art combined, not soon
thousands who
the
among
and the
At your
village, quietly
the stately elms
and maples, while a little farther to the west and south can be
traced the meandering course of
the Connecticut clothed on either
shingles and 200,000 feet of boards
are annually sawed, and about
6,000 bushels of grain are ground.
The
total value
articles,
of
The many
of manufactured
all kinds, is $53,200.
associated attractions
connected with the college for the
past fifty years, together with the
fine scenery afforded from the surrounding hills, make Hanover a
popular resort for tourists, who
���HANOVER.
are a source of considerable income
to the inhabitants.
Agricultural prodResources.
mechanical labor,
ucts, $153,112;
money
&c,
$10,200;
at
.
interest, $32,
$43,140; deposits
in savings banks, $120,459; stock
500; stocks
from
in trade, $37,500;
tourists,
$25,000; from College boarders
professional
estimated, $ 50,000
;
business, $60,000.
Churches and ScJiools. Baptist,
Rev. F. Merriam, pastor; Christian, Rev. J. W. Tilton, pastor;
.pastor;
1st. Congregational,
2d Congregational, Rev. S. P.
Leeds, pastor; Episcopal, Rev. J.
Haughton,
There
rector.
are
eighteen school districts, and twenty schools in town. Two of the
schools are graded. The average
length of schools for the year is
The total amount
money annually appropriated
twenty weeks.
of
is $ 2,654,97.
Second Social Library Association, 700 volumes College Library, 20.000 volumes; So-
for school purpose,
Libraries.
;
cial
Friends
Library,
9,300
vol-
umes; United Fraternity, 9,000
volumes Society of Inquiry's Library, 300 volumes Philotechnics
;
;
Society Library,
1,200
volumes.
Medical School Library, 1,100 volumes Northern Academy Library, 2,300 volumes; Thayer School
Library, 1,800 volumes; Agricultu;
ral
College
Library,
1,000
vol-
umes; Total number of volumes
in all the libraries in this town, 46,
700.
185
was formerly called Dresden, and
Was granted by charter to eleven
persons by the name of Freeman,
and fifty-two others, principally
from Connecticut, July 4, 1761.
The first settlement was made
in May, 1765, by Colonel Edmund
Freeman from Mansfield ConnecBenjamin Rice, Benjamin
ticut.
Davis, Gideon Smith, and Asa
Taiker, settled here in 1766. Dartestablished in
mouth College was
1770,
by Dr. Wheelock.
the worthy
men who
Among
finished their
earthly career in this town,
may be
Rev.
mentioned the following:
Eleazer Wheelock, who died April
24, 1779, aged sixty-nine years.
Hon. John Wheelock, LL. D.,
President of the College thirty-five
who died April 4, 1817, aged
sixty-three years. Hon, Beraleel
Woodward, who died August, 1804.
Rev. John Smith, D. D. who died
years,
April 1809. Hon. John Hubbard,
who died in September 1810. Rev.
Francis Brown, D. D., who died
July 27, 1820, aged thirty-six years.
These gentlemen were all connect-
ed with the College.
First Ministe rs. Re v Ed e n B urroughs, D.D., installed in 1772, dismissed in 1810; Rev. Samuel Collins, installed in 1788, dismissed in
.
1795;
Rev. Abel Bridgman,
set-
died in 1800. College Church, Rev. E. Wheelock, D.
D. settled in 1771, died in 1779.
tled in 1791,
Rev. Sylvanus Ripley, settled in
1787; Rev. John'
1779, died in
Smith, D. D., settled in 1786, died
Dartmouth National
Banks.
Bank, and Dartmouth Savings
Bank. (See tables.)
" Dartmouth Hotel."
Hotels.
There are two livery stables, with
in 1809.
18 horses.
acres.
First Settlers.
Hanover
Plains
Boundaries.
North by Lyme,
east by Canaan, south by Lebanon,
and west by Norwich, Vermont;
area, 27,745; improved land 21,798
Distances.
By
railroad, seven-
�NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER.
186
from
from Havfive north of Lebanon.
Railroad. One half mile from
the College to Norwich station, on
the Passumpsic and Connecticut
miles
ty-three
Concord
erhill and
;
north-west
thirty south
Rivers Railroad.
H4RRISVILLE.
HarrisCheshire County.
was formed from the northern
ville
part of Dublin, and the southern
portion of Nelson, and incorporated, as a town. July
2,
The
1870.
village of Harrisville received its
name many years
from Bethuel Harris, an active and enterprising man, who, in 1820, commenced
business here without any capital save his energy and perseverance.
Mr. Milan Harris has a
large interest here in the woolen
mills, and received the honor of
being the
first
ago,
representative to
New-Hampshire
town organization. The
surface of the town is rough and
the Legislature of
after the
uneven, being situated on the
height of land between the Connecticut and Merrimack rivers, bat
the soil
crops.
is
good and yields
The water power
risville is
fine
Harstaple and as good as can
at
be found in the State. The mills
are situated on a small stream
called North Branch or Nubaunsit
River, and discharging its waters
into the Contoocook at Peterborough, nine miles distant from
'Harrisville, and in its course has a
fall of over 600 feet.
This stream
is fed by large ponds lying in the
towns of Hancock, Nelson, and
Harrisville, which have been dam-
Long Pond which is over four
Fourteen feet
miles in length.
can be drawn from Long Pond into Harris Pond which is at the
head of the river, and at HarrisWhen the gates are closed
ville.
at night scarcely a drop of water
escapes. The four mills at Harrisville, as yet, have never been able
to test the fall capacity of this valuable reservoir, by several feet
Nearly all the manufactories at
into
Peterborough are situated on this
small river.
Employments.
Harrisville
is
cidedly a manufacturing town.
Woolen
Harris
Co.,
have
de-
M,
two
mills; capital invested, $160,000;
employ 60 males, and 65 females,
who
annually receive for their laand annually produce 200,000 yards of tricot cloth,
of all colors, and Moscow beavCheshire
ers valued at $ 330,000.
mills have
$100,000 invested;
employ 40 males, and 40 females
annual pay roll $ 30,000, and produce 800,000 yards colored flannel,
bor, $48,000;
There are allumber mills, and clothes-pins,
and wooden ware are manufactured, to some extent.
valued at $ 360,000.
so
Resources. Production of the soil,
$ 35,000
;
mechanical labor, $ 84,
stock in trade, $ 43, 161 stocks
and money at interest, $22, 460;
deposits in savings banks, $57,308.
000
;
;
The
village
of Harrisville,
is
situated on elevated ground, about
1,300 feet above the ocean, and is
probably the most elevated ground
in New-England for manufactories
and now flow
There is
as extensive as these.
one store, one church edifice, one
graded school-house, post office,
several thousand acres, including
the original ponds. From Spots-
seventy-five
office,
telegraph
dwelling houses, and about 450
wood Pond
inhabitants.
med
at their outlets,
ten feet can be
drawn
�187
HAVERHILL.
CongreHolbrook,
pastor. At West Harrisville, Baptist, Rev.
G. S. Smith, pastor.
There are six schools in town, two
Churches and Schools.
Rev.
gational,
Amos
Average
of which are graded.
length for the year, twenty weeks
value of school-houses $5,100.
(For
first settlers
and ministers,
see Nelson and Dublin.)
North by Nelson
and Hancock, east by Hancock and
Peterborough, south by Dublin,
and west by Marlborough and
Roxbury.
Boundaries.
Distances.
Thirteen miles east
from Keene, and forty-five southwest from Concord.
Railroads. The Manchester and
Keene Railroad, when
built,
will
pass through this town.
Grafton County.
Haverhill
one of the most valuable farming
towns in the State, and the annual
value of its agricultural products
is not exceeded by any New-Hampshire town on the Connecticut
river. The soil is adapted to every
is
common
is
a
soap-
quarry which has been
partially opened, and pronounced,
by many, as being the best quarIt is about
ry now known.
miles
three
treal Railroad.
from the MonThere is a good
lime-stone quarry, also granite of
good quality. This granite is suitable for mill-stones, and good for
building purposes. Large quantistones are also
ties of scythe
On
quarried or manufactured.
the west side of Benton, bordering
town, is a bed of iron ore.
Fine specimens of crystals are also
this
found.
Haverhill is one
Villages, &c.
of the shire towns of the County.
The County buildings are located at
" Haverhill Corner," which is the
This
principal village in town.
village is located in the south-west
HAVERHILL.
species of cultivation,
There
Minerals.
stone
to
the climate. There is considerable
interval land, composed of a deep
rich loam, yielding large crops of
grass, &C:
Connecticut River
Streams.
waters its western border, while
Poole Brook runs nearly through
the town from north-east to southwest, and falls into the Connecticut, near the "Great Ox Bow,"
in Newbury, Vermont. Oliverian
Brook, having its rise in Benton,
runs through the southern section
of the town. There is considerable water power on these two
streams, which is generally improved.
angle of the town, on a plain about
one hundred and fifty feet above
the level of the Connecticut. From
the tops of the buildings, a fine view
of the adjacent country, for many
miles, north and south, and six or
seven miles east and west
obtained.
common
There
is
may be
a beautiful
in this village, laid out in
an oblong square, ornamented with
trees, and enclosed by a handsome
fence. Around this common stand
the principal buildings, several of
which are large and well constructed. There are two churches and a
court-house,
jail,
county buildan acad-
ings for county offices,
emy,
hotel, printing office, several
and shops of various kinds.
considered one of the most
delightful and pleasant villages on
stores,
This
is
In the northern
town, is another
village situated on a street nearly
a mile in length, straight and level,
the Connecticut.
section of the
�NEW- HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER.
188
and called North Haverhill.
In
the north-west corner of the town,
at the junction of the Boston, Con-
cord and Montreal, Passurnpsic,
and White Mountain Railroads, is
the young, but growing village
of Woodsville, which bids fair to
rival the older villages in point
of business. It is connected with
the thriving village of Wells
River, in Newbury, Vermont, by a
substantial bridge across the Con-
of the most romanviews on the Connecticut, i.s
One
necticut.
tic
obtained at this point, and it is
worthy of a visit from any lover
of beautiful, and romantic scenery.
Summer Resorts. The elevated
position, and the delightful views
on the Connecticut, have caused
many summer tourists to spend
their vacation in this town, and
the time
is
not far distant
when
it
shovel handles are annually made,
valued at $ 18,640; besides various
other manufactories. (See tables.)
There is considerable mercantile
trade in this town.
Resources. Annual productions
of the soil, $272,581; mechanical
labor, $41,000;
$ 73,922
$ 57,308
;
money
at interest,
deposits in savings banks,
stock in trade, $ 38, 1 18
business,
$25,000;
;
professional
from summer
tourists,
$
8,000.
The
future prospects of Haverhill
are
very encouraging and
offer
better inducements to the farmer
and mechanic than can be found
in any western state this side of
Let them
the Rocky Mountains.
be contented, and prosperity will
surely attend them in this fertile
and delightful town.
Churches and Schools. There is
one Congregational, Rev. E. H.
oats and barley, 70,000 bushels of
Greeley, pastor; three Methodist,
Josiah Hooper, pastor at Corner;
and one Freewill Baptist,
There are nineteen schools in
town; average length of schools
for the year, twenty-one weeks.
The average amount of money annually expended for each school
potatoes, 36,000 lbs. of wool, 11,000
is
maple sugar, and 7,000 tons
of hay are annually produced.
Nearly 1,000, tons more hay is an-
institutions in the State.
will
become one of the most pop-
ular resorts for tourists
in
the
State.
Employments. The people are
largely engaged in agriculture.
Over 4,000 bushels of wheat, 16,000
bushels of corn, 34,000 bushels of
lbs.
;
$ 145.
Academy. The Haverhill Academy is one of the oldest literary
February
It
was
nually cut in Haverhill, than in
incorporated
any other town in the State.
There is considerable manufac-
Rev. Josiah Hooper
turing of various kinds carried on.
There are nine saw mills, annually
Library.
N. B. Felton, Esq.,
has a library of nearly six hundred
volumes.
"Smith's Hotel" at
Hotels.
producing nearly 5,000,000 feet of
lumber, five starch mills, annually
producing 160 tons of starch, three
scythe stone manufactories, annually producing 36,000 gross of scythe
stones, one paper mill, one pulp
mill, three grist mills, &c.
Also
36,000 boxes and 10,000 dozens of
is
11,
1794.
the present
Principal.
Haverhill, and "
House"
Mount Gardner
at Woodsville.
This town was
First Settlers.
granted to Captain John Hazen
and seventy-four others, May, 18,
1763. Captain Hazen came here in
�189
HEBRON.
the spring of 1762, and built his
encampment on the " Little Ox
Bow," near where there was
merly an Indian
fort
for-
and burying
ground.
Several of the early setHaverhill, Massachusetts, from which place this
town derived its name. Its orig-
tlers
came from
name was "Lower Cohos."
The first court was held here in
1773.
The first newspaper was
inal
printed
was
here April
called the
and
1808,
21,
"Coos Courier."
Since that time
it
has been pub-
lished under different names.
At
no paper
Years ago, the
the present time, there
is
published in town.
courts in Haverhill called together as much legal talent as could be
found in any section of the State,
Haverhill furnishing her full share.
At the present time, the Grafton
Bar is fully up to the standard
with her sister counties in point
of
position
and
Hon.
talent.
James Woodward and Hon. Ezekiel
ed in 1799; Rev. John Smith, ordained December 21, 1802, dismissed in 1807.
North
Botmdaries and Area.
by Bath, east by Benton, south by
Piermont and west by Newbury,
Vermont. Area 34,340 acres improved land, 24,300 acres.
Thirty-one miles
Distances.
north-west from Plymouth, and
eighty-one north-west from Con;
cord.
Hon. Moses Dow, a distinHon. Charles
guished citizen
Johnston, an officer in the revoluHon.
tion and Judge of Probate
John Page former Governor of
New-Hampshire
Hon. Joseph
Bell a distinguished lawyer, and
many other prominent men, were
;
;
;
;
Passumpsic
in
Northumberland,
and extends from Portland to
Railroad,
Montreal.
HEBROX.
Ladd, Judges of the old county
courts
The
Railroads.
Railroad passes along the western
border of the town, in Vermont,
and the Boston, Concord and Montreal passes through in a direction nearly north-west, and southeast.
At Woodsville in the northwest corner of the town, the two
roads form a junction with the
White Mountain Railroad which
connects with the Grand Trunk
Grafton County.
The surHebron is broken and uneven, and although generally the
face of
soil is hard,
cultivated,
it
yet,
when
carefully
yields excellent crops
of corn, wheat, potatoes &c.
Newfound
Rivers and Lakes.
residents of this town.
Lake lies mostly in this town.
There are several small streams
It is a remarkable fact that the
sound of cannon at Bunker Hill,
was distinctly heard in Haverhill,
power.
Employments.
affording
considerable
water
Agriculture
is
the scene of action being more
than one hundred miles distant.
the chief occupation of the people.
This statement is established by the
testimony of many respectable witnesses who were alive on that
shingles are annually sawed.
memorable day.
First
Ministers.
Resources.
The
Rev.
Agricultural prod-
mechanical labor,
interest, 8 1,900
stock in trade, $ 1,800; deposits in
savings banks, § 17,090 from summer tourists, $ 3,000.
ucts, $57,049;
S 6,140
Ethan Smith, Congregational, ordained, January 25, 1792, dismiss-
and 100,000
500,000 feet of lumber,
;
money at
;
�NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER.
190
Churches and Schools. A Union
church, supported by persons of
the Congregational, Baptist and
Methodist persuasion, Lorenzo
Draper, pastor.
There are five
schools; average length for the
year,
There
thirteen weeks.
is
frequently a High school, which
open during the spring and
is
fall.
A
large
First Organization.
portion of Hebron was included
in the Cockerrnouth Grant, the
remainder was taken from Plymouth.
Hotels. Central House.
Boundaries. North by Rumney
and Plymouth, east by Plymouth,
south by Alexandria and Orange,
and west by Groton. Area, 13,305
acres.
Distances.
Forty miles north
from Concord, and nine west from
Plymouth.
Railroads.
Eight miles by
daily stage to Bristol station, on
the Bristol Branch Railroad.
Merrimack County.
ker
Henni-
pleasantly situated in the
valley of the Contoocook.
The
surface of the town is broken, but
is
deep, and produces excellent crops of Avheat, corn, hay,
the soil
is
&c. As an agricultural town Henniker is not inferior to any town in
Merrimack county,
or
cultivation.
either in soil
Many
of
the
farms are under a high state of
and
abundant
crops. The farmers have reaped a
rich reward for their labor, and
have carefully laid by a portion of
cultivation,
yield
and
With
prosperity
its
than
Henniker.
railroad facilities, central
aud with one of the best
water privileges on the river, it
can be made one of the largest
manufacturing towns in the State,
and that too on its own surplus resources. At the present time the
people appear to be alive to manu-
location,
Capital invested for manufacturing purposes, over a certain amount, and for
a certain length of time, is exemptfacturing interests.
ed from taxation. With this inducement, the Henniker Manufacturing Company has been formed
and is now erecting a large building
wide
ami three stories high, for the manufacture of boots and shoes. The
future prospects of Henniker, with
the present facts before us, appear
very flattering.
Rivers and Ponds. Contoocook
River passes through this town in
an easterly direction, and affords
in its course abundant water powThere are several ponds of
er.
considerable size. Situated about
one mile from the village is Long
Pond, nearly two miles long, and
sixty feet long, thirty feet
sixty rods wide.
The town
is
al-
watered
by several small
streams in different sections,
Crany Hill is the
Elevations.
so
and is of conand embraces
a large portion of the territory on
principal elevation,
siderable altitude,
the south of the town.
ly
It is
most-
under good cultivation.
Near the centre of the
Village.
town on the Contoocook is the
cords of the various savings banks
in the State are not deceptive.
pleasant village of Henniker. It is
the centre of considerable trade
and manufacturing of various
kinds. There are four stores, two
But few
church
their surplus earnings, if the re-
if
the State,
any farming towns in
show more wealth,
thrift
edifices,
academy, town
house, one large hotel, and about
�HENNIKER.
one
hundred
dwelling
The
streets are
wide and
church value, 8 1,000. There are
twelve public schools, in town, average length for the year, twenty-
houses.
in
191
many
places beautifully shaded with the
maple and elm. The dwellings are
and enclosed in spacious
yards, while the fences and houses
three
weeks
;
amount of money
annually appropriated for school
neat
purposes, 8 1,508,70. There is an
academy in the village where one
are painted in pearly white, the
whole presenting an air of neatness so much admired by every
lover of a New-England village
or two terms are annually kept.
Library. Henniker Library, 800
volumes.
home.
Twelve gen-
First Settlement.
Employments. The inhabitants
are generally engaged in agriculture, but manufacturing and trade
important
are
and extensive
branches of business in town.
There are two large paper-mills,
annually manufacturing 800 tons
of manilla, news and book paper;
two saw-mills, two grist-mills, one
kit manufactory, annually
making
measure
and box-mill, making 8 5.400 worth
annually, one cabinet maker, machine shop, several blacksmith and
50,000 fish kits, one dry
T
tlemen of Portsmouth, the most
prominent of whom were John
and Mark Wentworth, and Theodore Atkinson, bought all the right
and title of lands of the heirs of
Mason, and caused it to be surveyed and laid out into townships.
This town was called " Number
Six" in the range of townships, and
was known by that name before it
was granted to the parties. The
Rev. James Scales built the first
building in 1760.
John Peters
built the next house in 1761. The
first two-story house was built in
shoe shops, &c., professional business, 8 18,000. The total value of
goods annually manufactured, is
1767 by Amos Campbell the second
two-story house was built in 1768,
$ 308,300.
and was destroyed by
Productions of the
Resources.
soil,
8
8
149,877
38,400
at
;
;
mechanical labor,
bonds and money
stocks,
interest,
8
35, 140
deposits in
;
savings banks, § 177,376; stock in
8 10,500; from summer tourThe central and delightful location of Henniker, with
its varied landscape scenery, has
made it a popular resort for tourtrade,
ists
ists
the
$
3,000.
who are yearly increasing, as
summer months come around.
Churches and Schools.
Congre-
gational, Rev. S. S. Morrill, pastor;
number
of
members
150;
church value, 8 5,000 Methodist,
Rev. W. W. Smith, pastor; number of members, 100 church val;
;
ue, $3,000; Friends, 25
members;
;
Captain E.
Ham
early settlers.
ent
fire
in 1873.
was among the
It received its pres-
name from Gov. Wentworth,
honor of his friend, John Henmerchant
of London, and a member of the
in
niker, Esq., a wealthy
British Parliament.
November
Incorporated
10, 1768.
Boundaries. North by Bradford
and "Warner, east by Hopkinton,
south by Weare and Deering, and
west by Hillsborough. Area, 26,
500 acres; improved land, 18,612
acres.
Distances. Seventy miles northwest from Boston, fifteen west
from Concord, and thirty-four
north-east from Keene.
Contoopasses
cook
Valley Railroad
�NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER.
192
through this town in an easterly
There
and westerly direction.
are two stations " Henniker " and
" West Henniker." At the hitter
station
a pretty village, contain-
is
ing a large paper-mill, store, postoffice, school house, and fifteen or
twenty neat dwelling houses.
Merrimack County. The
sur-
uneven, but the
soil
is
good and in some localities very
fertile. There are many fine farms
under a high state of cultivation,
producing excellent crops.
Elvers and Ponds. This town is
watered by Pemigewasset and
is
Smith's Rivers, besides there are
Eagle
several small streams.
Pond is the most noted sheet of
water.
Ragged Mountain
Mountain.
is
of considerable elevation and
but
little
From
its
inferior to Kearsarge.
summit a good view of
the surrounding country
may
be
obtained.
The
Employments.
Woodward's patent Latch Needles
manufactured to
the value of $ 8,000 annually. (See
tables.)
Resources.
Agricultural prod-
ucts, $53,539;
mechanical labor,
bonds and money
$
at
6,500
;
stocks,
interest,
S 7,670;
deposits
in
stock in
savings banks, $ 54,720
trade, §9,276; from summer tourists, $800.
Churches and Schools. There are
two Christian Churches Revs.
Calvin Osgood and H. A. Stratton
are their pastors. There are ten
;
—
this
average length
weeks.
September
First Settlers.
1753,
town was granted
14,
to
proprietors,
eighty-seven
(the
greater part of whom resided in
Chester), and was called " New
Chester," which name it retained
January
1837,
when
it
re-
ceived its present name, in honor
of Hon. Isaac Hill, who was Governor of the State at that time.
The first settlers were Captain
Cutting Favor, and Carr Huse,
Incorporated NoEsq., in 1768.
vember
20, 1778.
Church.
First
Congregational
church, December 11, 1816.
Boundaries. North by Danbury,
Alexandria
and
Bristol,
east
by
New-Hampton and Sanbornton,
south by Franklin and Andover,
and west by Wilmot and Danbury.
Area, 20,000 acres.
Twenty-four miles
Dista?ice.
north from Concord.
Railroad. Bristol Branch of the
Northern Railroad.
inhabitants
are generally engaged in farming.
There is some trade and manufacturing. About 3,000 pairs of sale
boots and shoes are annually made.
for hosiery, are
for the year, fifteen
until
HILL.
face of Hill
schools in town:
HILLSBOROUGH.
Hillsborough County.
Hills-
considered as one of
the best and most enterprising
farming towns in the county. The
surface is uneven, but the soil is
and very productive.
strong
There are some fine farms under
a high state of cultivation, producing good crops of corn, grass, &c.
Contoocook
Rivers and Ponds.
River passes through the southeast corner of the town, and affords
borough
is
power.
excellent water
Hillsboi-ough River has its source
from ponds in Washington, passes
some
through the town, and forms a
junction with the Contoocook on
the south line of the town. The
�193
HILLSBOROUGH.
body of water is Lyon's
Pond, about one mile in length,
and two thirds of a mile in width.
Minerals. Plumbago of a good
largest
quality
is
found.
It
occurs in nar-
which have been
wrought to some extent.
Villages.
There are four pleasant villages, the most important
of which is called Hillsborough
At this village is the
Bridge.
terminus of the Contoocook Valley
Railroad, which has caused a large
row
veins,
increase of business in almost
every branch of industry common to a thriving New-England
village.
Here are two churches,
two school-houses, a bank, ten or
fifteen stores of various kinds, one
hotel,
two hose, drawers and
shirt
a bedstead and
shovel handle manufactory, besides many other mechanical shops
For a
too numerous to mention.
busy, lively village, " Hillsborough
Bridge" is not excelled by any village of its size in New-Hampshire.
manufactories,
No man
in this village
is
consider-
ed a peer with his neighbor unless
he labors.
At the Centre Village there are
two churches, several stores, ofand several manufactories.
fices,
Employments.
Agriculture is
the principal employment of the
inhabitants, but there is consider-
manufacturing carried on.
60,(K)0 worth of leather is
annually tanned $ 60,000 worth of
Gent's, hose, shirts and drawers
are made; over 5,000 bedsteads,
able
Over $
;
25 tons of castings, 5,000 barrels of
and 50,000 bushels of meal
annually produced; besides
lumber, shovel handles, and various other manufactures.
The
whole manufactured products annually amount to over § 350,000.
flour,
are
Productions of the
mechanical labor
$38,100; stocks and bonds, $13
760; money at interest, $28,235
deposits in savings banks, $91,659
Resources.
$ 133,496
soil,
;
stock in trade, $64,200
mer
;
from sum-
tourists, $6,000; professional
business, $ 30,000.
Churches and Schools. At Hillsborough Bridge Congregational,
Rev. John Bragdon, pastor Meth:
;
Elder L. W. Preseott, pasAt Hillsborough Centre:
tor.
Methodist, Elder S. S. Dudley,
pastor Congregational, Rev. John
odist,
;
Adams,
pastor.
een school
There are eightand seventeen
districts
schools in town; average length
of schools for the year, eighteen
weeks.
" Valley House" at the
Hotels.
Bridge, and "St. Charles" at the
Lower
Village.
First National Bank.
Banks,
A Savings Bank has been chartered.
Newspaper. Hillsborough Bridge
Messenger, Sargent & Whittemore, Editors and Proprietors.
Hillsborough
Settlers.
First
was known, originally, as " Number Seven." The first settlement
was made in 1741, by James McCalley, Samuel Gibson, Robert
McClure, James Lyon, and others.
The wife of James McCalley was
the only woman in town during
the
first
year
By reason
of the settlement.
of the Indian war, the
settlement was abandoned in 1744,
and was not resumed until near
1755.
In the mean time Col. John
Hill of Boston, received a grant of
the town from the Masonian pro-
and from Col. Hill it derived its present name. The first
children born, were John McCalprietors,
ley
and Mary Gibson, who
inter-
�NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER.
194
married and received as a gift a
tract of land from the principal
proprietors.
The citizens of Hills-
borough struggled hard to secure
the independence of our country.
General Benjamin Pierce, a veteran of the Revolution, and afterwards Governor of New-Hampshire,
was a resident of
this
town.
He was
father of the late General
Franklin Pierce, who was Presi-
dent of the United States, from
March 4, 1853, to March 4, 1857.
The town was incorporated Nov.
First Church
The
and Minister.
Congregational church was
formed Oct. 12, 1769. The same
Joseph Barnes was or-
year, Rev.
dained;
Baptist
May
amounting
much
tobacco,
pounds.
Rivers.
The Connecticut extends along its western border for
nine and one-half miles.
The
Ashuelot passes through the southern portion and joins the Connecticut a short distance below the
great bend, called Cooper's Point.
to 96,850
The water
privileges on this river
through the town are numerous
and valuable. It is also watered
with many smaller streams and
springs.
There are several islands
in the Connecticut belonging to
14, 1772.
first
raised one third as
dismissed
Society
in
was
1803.
A
organized
The
intervals are ex-
Mountains and
north part
is
Hills.
In the
West River Moun-
which extends from the Connecticut across the entire width of
tain,
The highest peak
Mine mountain, and
the town.
21, 1813.
Boundaries. North by Bradford,
east by Henniker, south by Deering and Antrim, and west by
Windsor and Washington. Area,
improved land, 15,
27,320 acres;
945, acres.
Distances.
the town.
tensive and fertile.
Thirty miles south-
is
called
is
about nine hundred feet above
low water mark. Iron Ore, beds
of silicate of manganese, and other
minerals are found in several localities
about the
mountains.
South of the Ashuelot is Stebbins'
west from Concord, and twentythree north-west from Amherst.
Railroads.
Terminus Contoocook Valley Railroad. It is intended to have this road extended
Hill, a tract of excellent land,
Peterborough, where it will
connect with the Monadnock Raiload.
ticut,
to
lies
in
the
extreme
corner of the State.
is varied, containing
hills, valleys,
vals.
The
This town
south-west
The
surface
mountains,
and plains or
inter-
of the best quality, and produces excellent crops
of corn, oats, and tobacco.
In
1870, no other town in the State
soil is
of a superior quality.
On a point
of a hill, not far from the Connecare the remains of an Indian
fortification constructed before the
came here.
The village is located
Ashuelot. The valley here
first settlers
Village.
HINSDALE.
Cheshire County.
and
under a high state of cultivation.
The intervals here are broad and
on the
is narrow, the land rising abruptly
on both sides of the river, affording
but little chance for the village to
expand. The water runs rapidly,
and affords good mill sites. The
main street runs parallel with the
river, and some portions of it is
handsomely shaded with the maple.
Considerable manufacturing
�195
HINSDALE.
—
done here there are two woolen mills, two paper mills, mowing
is
machine
manufactory,
tool
their labor
$
125,600,
and manufac-
ture goods to the value of $ 690,
400, being the third town in the
fac-
and machine shop,
foundery, water wheels, besides
printing and several other mechanical shops.
There are three
churches, two school houses, eight
or ten stores, one hotel, and about
one hundred dwelling houses.
county in the amount annually
paid for mechanical labor, and the
fourth in the value of its manufactured productions.
Agricultural proResources.
The Ashuelot Railroad
money
tory,
bolt
gives
ductions,
it
good railroad facilities.
The inhabitants
Employments.
are about equally divided between
manufacturing, trade, and professional business, on one side, and
agriculture on the other.
The
In
manufactures are important.
1870, Haile & Co. employed 38
males and 42 females; annual
pay roll, $34,000. and annually producing 450,000 yards of
cashmerett, valued at $230,000.
Boydon & Amadon employed 23
males and 20 females annual pay
roll, $15,800; annually producing
its
stocks, $16,300;
at interest, $31,160; depos-
in savings banks,
fessional services,
trade,
in
mechanical
$118,408;
labor, $125,600,
$
$ 26,958
15,000
;
;
pro-
stock
professional
$58,820;
$ 20,000.
CongreChurches and Schools.
gational, Rev. C. C. Watson, pastor; Methodist, Rev. D. S. Dexbusiness,
ter,
pastor; Baptist,
;
Universalist Society,
There are eleven schools in town,
three of which are graded. Average length of schools for the year,
.
twenty-one weeks. Total amount
of money appropriated for school
;
John N. Beers,
purposes, $ 2,353.80.
Library. Hinsdale Library Association, 800 volumes.
tannery, annually producing leathWiler to the value of $ 72,000.
Spangled
Star
Newspapers.
Banner, monthly, and Hinsdale
230,000 yards of cashmerett, val-
ued
at .$ 110,000.
&
der
Hopkins, chisels and spoke
shaves, $ 18,500.
Newhall
&
Mirror, quarterly.
Hotel.
bins mowing machines, valued at
Paper mills, $60,000;
$52,000.
box manufactory, $ 10,000 foun;
dery,
machine shop, $ 75,
lumber
1,500,000 feet of
$
000;
14,000
;
grain ground,
$34,000;
$8,200; also bolts, shooks, boots
and shoes, water wheels, besides
sawed,
hardships,
blacksmiths, carpenters, masons,
painters, wheelwrights, harness
makers, and various other trades
and professions.
tal
The
manu-
employing
206 males, and 65 females and
factures,
children,
is
$371,900,
who
annually receive for
common
to
early settlements in
shire.
total capi-
invested in the various
(See tables.)
Ashuelot House.
This town
First Settlement.
was originally a part of Northa
field, Massachusetts, and for
number of years called Fort DuniThe first settlers encounmer.
tered all the horrors of the Indian
warfare, and struggled with other
Steb-
*
many of the
New-Hamp-
They were protected by
Fo^t Dummer, Hinsdale's Fort,
Shattuck's Fort, and Bridgeman's
Fort but, with all these precautions they were not effectually secured from savage incursions and
many cruel murders. June 17,
;
�NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER.
196
1746, three men were killed, two
wounded, and two were taken
prisoners, near Bridgeman's Fort.
Daniel How, one of the captives,
killed one of the Indians in the
struggle.
Several persons were
killed and taken prisoners, and
land along Pemigewassett river.
Rivers and Ponds. This town is
well watered by the Pemigewassett
Fort
town, and partly in Ashland.
It
is two miles long, and half a mile
wide. The route from Plymouth,
through this town, to Centre Harbor and Wolfe borough, is charming, affording views, wild and romantic.
Many summer tourists
Bridgernan
June
1747.
16,
destroyed,
1748,
in
Nathan
French, Joseph Richardson, .and
John Frost were
killed,
and sev-
eral others captured, while cross-
ing from Colonel Hinsdale's to
Fort Dumnier.
In 1755, two persons were killed and Jonathan
Colby captured, while working in
the woods.
In July of the same
year, Caleb How, Hilkiah Grout,
and Benjamin Gaffield were ambushed and killed, while returning from labor.
The town was
incorporated under the name of
Hinsdale, September 3, 1763, in
honor of Colonel Ebenezer Hinsdale, long a highly esteemed resi-
which
river,
affords
water privileges.
some good
Squam Lake
lies in the south-easterly part,
Squam Pond
lies
and
partly in this
town through the
season of the year.
stay in this
warm
Farming is the
employment of the in-
Employments.
principal
habitants.
&c, and
1,200,000 feet of boards
1,100,000 shingles are an-
nually produced; 3,000 pairs of
boots and shoes, and $ 3,000 worth
of files are manufactured, and 2,000
dent here.
Boundaries. North by Chesterfield, east by Winchester, south by
Northfield, Mass., and west by
Vernon, Vermont.
Area, 14,000
acres area of improved land, 7,381
deerskins annually tanned, valued
13,900 pounds of maple
sugar are manufactured.
Resources.
Productions of the
soil, $118,444; mechanical labor,
$ 6,000 stocks, and money at interest, $9,470; deposits in savings
banks, $ 5,950 stock in trade, $ 1,
acres.
950;
;
Distances.
seventy-five miles
south-west from Concord, and
fifteen south-west from Keene.
Railroads. The Ashuelot Railroad passes through the southern
part of the town, and joins the
Connecticut River Railroad, at
Vernon, with the Cheshire Railroad, r L Keene.
of Holderness
is fertile,
surface
but the soil'
and produces good crops
is hilly,
of corn, barley, potatoes and hay.
There is some very fine interval
;
;
;
from summer tourists, $6,000,
Churches and Schools.
There
are three churches in town, of the
Freewill Baptist denomination,
Elders Batchelder, Balch, Stevens
and Wyatt, Pastors. There are
thirteen school districts, and eleven schools. Average length for the
year, sixteen weeks.
First
Holderness
granted to John Shepard
and others, October 10, 1751, but
the grantees failed to obey the
was
HOLDERNESS.
Grafton County. The
at $ 2,400
Settlements.
first
conditions of the charter, and it
forfeited.
It was rdgranted,
was
October
worth
24,
and
1761, to
John Went-
sixty-seven
others.
�197
HOLLIS.
William Piper
first settled
here in
The southwestern portion of
Holderness was disannexed, and
1763.
the town of Ashland formed, July
1,
1868.
Rev. Robert
Fowle. An Episcopal church was
established here in 1770.
Boundaries.
North by Campton, east by Squam Lake, south by
Center Harbor and New Hampton
and west by Ashland and Plymouth.
Area improved land, 10,454 acres.
First
Minister.
Distances Forty-five miles north
from Concord, and six east from
Plymouth.
Railroads.
The
nearest railroad
communication is at Ashland, four
miles, on the Boston, Concord and
Montreal Railroad, It is expected
that the New-Hampshire Central
Railroad will pass through this
town, when completed.
westerly part.
There are four
ponds, Flint's, Penichuck, Long
and Rocky Ponds. These ponds
afford an excellent field for fishing.
Employments. The inhabitants
are largely engaged in agriculture.
Especially in the cultivation of
fruit, this town ranks the first in
the county. Quite an extensive
business is carried on in the pro-
duction of milk for the market.
Over 350,000 quarts are annually
sold. There'are saw mills annu-
manufacturing over 1,400,000
lumber. The manufacture
of kegs and barrels is an important
branch of business. (See tables,)
Resources.
Productions of the
soil, $ 133,321
mechanical labor,
ally
feet of
;
$21,500; stocks, $21,840; money
at interest, $ 19,852
deposits in
savings banks, $ 168,710; stock in
trade, $25,951; summer tourists,
;
$
HOLLIS.
1,000.
Churches and Schools.
Congre-
Hillsborough County. 'The
surface of this town is varied,
pastor.
consisting of upland and interval.
districts in
The
of schools for the year, nineteen
interval
produces excellent
crops of corn, oats, hay, etc. The
upland is good for grazing, and
much
given to raising
cows, for the production of milk,
for the market. The farmers find
a ready sale for all their surplus
products, in the city of Nashua, at
remunerative prices. The orchard
production is more valuable than
that of any other town in the county.
Hollis is one of the wealthiest
attention
is
and everything pertaining to the farms and
farm-houses, betokens an air of
thrift and wealth.
Rivers and Ponds. The Nashua
River passes through the south-
towns
in the county,
easterly portion of the town.
The
Nisitisset flows through the south-
gational church, Rev.
James Laird,
There are fourteen school
town. Average length
weeks.
Library. Hollis Social Library,
sixteen hundred volumes.
Settlement.
This
town was
formerly a part of Dunstable and
Monson, Mass. Its original name
was Nisitisset, and it was afterward
called the West Parish of Dunstable. It received its present name
from the Duke of Newcastle,
whose name was Hollis. The first
settlement was made by Peter
Powers, in 1731. A son of his,
Peter Powers jr., was the first
child born in town. Hollis was
incorporated in 1746.
First Minister.
Rev. Daniel
Emerson, ordained in 1743, died
in 1801.
�NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER.
198
North
Boundaries and Area.
by Mil ford and Amherst, east by
Nashua, south by Massachusetts
line, and west by Brookline. Area
of improved land, 10,805 acres.
Thirty-eight miles
Distances.
south from Concord, eight miles
south from Amherst, and five west
from Nashua.
Railroad. Nashua and Worcester Railroad passes through the
south-easterly part of the town.
•
HOOKSETT.
MerriMerrimack County.
mack River passes through nearly
the centre of this town. The surface
is
uneven but the
soil is
gen-
erally good, producing fine crops.
Near the center of the town in the
Merrimack is " Hooksett Falls."
The descent
of the water is about
sixteen feet, in a distance of thirty
large ledge just above the
rods.
A
falls
divides the stream and an-
swers as a pier for the Concord
Railroad bridge which spans the
The water
river at this place.
power here is valuable. There is
one cotton factory which gives employment to seventy-five males
and one hundred and seventy-five
females.
The
rest of this priv-
remains unimproved.
From an eminence
Elevation.
called the Pinnacle on the west side
ilege
of the river, a delightful view of
the surrounding country can be
At your feet, is the
obtained.
village
of Hooksett;
pleasant
the river, on elevated
aci'oss
ground, stands the palatial residence of Gen. Natt Head, acknowledged as being one of tho
most expensive and beautiful
country residences in the State.
At the north-east, a distance of one
mile, can be seen the enterprising
village of Suncook, while the Merrimack, above and below the falls,
with its verdant banks, the cultivated fields, and the distant hills
in the back-ground, form a grand
and picturesque scene. This Pinnacle on its south-eastern side has
an abrupt altitude of two hundred
At its foot, on the west side,
a beautiful pond of water, of a
bright greenish tinge, remarkably
clear, of great depth, and having
no visible outlet. It is supposed
this pond was the bed of the pinnacle from -which the latter, by
some violent convulsion of nature,
Hooksett holds
was upturned.
out many inducements for tourists
feet.
is
spend their summer vacation,
around the falls or among the
Four trains
surrounding hills.
daily to and from Boston, leave
and arrive at the Hooksett depot.
But few towns in the State have
to
better railroad facilities.
Employments.
The employment
is about equally
divided between agriculture and
manufacturing. The farmer finds
a ready market for his surplus
of the inhabitants
products either at Manchester,
Concord, Suncook or at Hooksett
village.
The future prospects of
the farmers are flattering.
The manufacturing of brick is
extensively carried on. Over ten
millions of bricks are annually
produced, employing over one hundred men in their manufacture.
Gen. Natt Head has the most extensive yards, annually producing
over three millions of bricks. At a
large granite quarry, twenty-five
men are employed, who annually
receive for their labor over $ 10,
000. One cotton manufactory annually produces over three million
yards of cotton cloth. One har-
�199
HOPKINTON.
ness shop produces $ 12,000 worth
of harnesses. (For manufactories,
see tables.)
Agricultural prod-
Resources.
ucts,
$
$
mechanical labor,
118,708;
107,000
$
terest,
;
and Beech
money
Rivers.
stocks and
4,897
at in-
deposits in savings
;
banks, $112,217; stock in trade,
$
32,995.
Churches and
ScJiools.
Congre-
Methodist, Elder
There are
J. E. Robins, pastor.
seven school districts, and eight
schools in town; average length
gational,
;
for the year,
twelve weeks.
mated value of
school
Esti-
houses,
Ayer House and Stearns
Hotel.
First
Organization.
Hooksett
was taken from Chester,
Goffs-
town, and Dunbarton, and incorporated July 3, 1822.
Boundaries. North by Bow and
Allenstown, east by Candia and
Auburn, south by Goffstown and
Manchester, and west by Goffstown, Dunbarton and Bow.
miles
Sixty-two
Distances.
north-west from Boston, nine
south from Concord and eight
miles north from Manchester.
Railroads.
The Concord
Rail-
through this town.
The Suncook Valley Railroad
forms a junction with the Concord
at Hooksett depot.
road passes
HOPKINTON.
Merrimack
County.
This
one of the most important
farming towns in the county in
point of its agricultural productions, and wealth of the inhabitants and ranking as the eleventh
in the State as an agricultural
town. The intervals and meadow
lands on the rivers are very fertile,
town
is
;
Hills.
The Contoocook River
passes through the town in an
easterly and north-easterly direction. In its passage it receives the
coming from Bradand Warner, and the
Blackwater coming from Andover,
Salisbury and Webster. The Contoocook furnishes some fine water
power in this town.
Elevations. There are no moun-
Warner
river,
ford, Sutton
but three or four hills of
considerable height, and all capable of cultivation to their summits.
The most important of these eletains,
$9,100.
Hotels.
while the uplands and hills afford
excellent pasturing and tillage
land. Some of the best farms in
this town are on Putney, Uiamon,
is Putney Hill, about one
mile west of Hopkinton village,
and about five hundred feet above
vations,
it.
On
this hill
commenced some
of the first settlements the traces
of many of the original houses can
be distinctly seen by the half-filled
;
On the extreme summit
one of the first cemeteries, containing about one acre, and well
fenced. It is said that this yard is
nearly full of graves, and has
been for over sixty years. The
roughness of the ground, caused,
by indentations, and the many
cellars.
is
stones apparently set edgewise, all
go to prove the veracity of the
There are but very
statement.
few stones legible to mark the
spot of those who once lived here
and cultivated the broad fields,
and viewed the delightful scenery
upon the
crest of their
home
hills.
Among some names that can be
traced, we noticed Lieut. Aaron
30, 1760, aged
Jeremiah Kimball, died
Kimball, died July
51 years
;
in 1764, aged 57 years
;
Dr. John
�NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER.
200
Clement,
years
10
;
died
in 1804,
aged 61
his son died in 1779, aged
years,
a son Phinehas
died in 1872, aged
also
who
Clement,
The Rev. James Scales,
minister of Hopkinton,
lies in this yard, but no legible
stone marks the spot.
Dr. Clement was a popular physician in
this town and the surrounding
country for many years. The cel94 years.
the
lar
first
upon which
his house stood,
can be distinctly seen but a short
distance from where his ashes
now
rest.
Northeast from the graveyard,
about thirty rods, arc the remains
of the old Putney Fort. Here the
people of the neighborhood congregrated nights, when the Indians
were lurking round for captives;
but with
these precautions, the
inhabitants suffered much from
their depredations. April 22, 1746,
all
six Indians broke into the garrison, and captured eight persons
while in their beds, and hurried
them off. April 13, 1753 they took
Abraham Kimball, the first male
child born in town, and Samuel
Putney, (whose grandson is now
living on this hill) and carried
them away. The third day after
their capture, the Indians were
surprised while encamped on a
hill west of Boscawen Plains, and
in order to escape, they left Putney behind. Kimball was rescued
through the help of a dog, which
seized an Indian, while in the act
of drawing his tomahawk to kill
him.
The views obtained from Putney
Hill, are
some of the
finest
and
most extensive to be found in the
State.
At the north can be distinctly seen Mooshillock, in Benton,
while a
little
further to the
White Face, and ChoPeak in Sandwich, Waterville and Albany.
At the northeast, the Gilmanton Mountains in
Gilford, at the east, the Catamount
in Pittsfield, and Fort Mountain in
east are the
corua's
Epsom ;
further to the south, are
high hills in Francestown
and Deering; at the southwest,
the towering summit of the Monthe
adnock
in Jaffrey, is in full
at the west, the
Sunapee
view
lifts its
lofty crest at the northwest, right
before you, stands the old Kearsarge, as the central monarch of
;
chain of mountains which
of nearly
two hundred and fifty miles while
at your feet can be seen the villages, the farm-houses, the meadows and the broad ntervals through
which meanders the Contoocook,
whose limpid waters sparkle in
this vast
make a circumference
;
i
the
summer sunbeams.
mountains and
On
this
seven
of the ten counties in the State can
be seen.
Villages.
About eight miles
west from Concord, is situated, on
elevated ground, the old but pleasant village of Hopkinton. Sevenhill,
ty years
ago,
hills in
this
village
was
the most important with the ex-
ception
of
Concord, in
central
New-Hampshire. The State Legislature convened here in 1798,
1801, in 1806. and 1807.
The decision stood on a pivot for several
years, as to having the capital of
the State here, or at Concord, but
it was finally decided in favor of
Concord, and permanently established there in 1808.
The
courts
Hillsborough county were alternately holden here and at Amherst, for nearly forty years, or until it was set off to help form Merrimack county in 1823. The main
for
�201
HOPKINTON.
street is "wide and beautifully shaded with the elm and maple. The
elms in this village, with the ex-
ception of Exeter, are the largest
in the State. Many of the houses
have an antique appearance, but
all are kept in good repair, and be-
token an air of wealth.
There are
eight or ten wells in the village,
from 45 to 65 feet in depth, nearly
all of which were dug over a hun-
sides
lumber
mills,
wool carding,
carriages, fish kits,* harnesses, tin
ware, black-smith's, &c. There
are three church edifices, two
school-houses, an Academy, six or
eight stores of all kinds, one hotel,
telegraph, express and post ofinsurance agent, three phyfices,
hundred
sicians, and over one
It is a very
dwelling houses.
pleasant and desirable village to
reside in, having as citizens,
dred years ago.
In the fall of
men
some
the
Perkins
House was destroyed by fire. This
hotel was a great resort for summer tourists. In the spring of 1873,
the Town House and Academy
building was burnt. It was built
sometime in the last century. In
this house the Legislature of the
State met, also the county courts.
of
For many years an Academy was
it, and became very popular
the farmers
good markets for their surplus
products at Contoocook, Concord
and Fisherville. 14,600 bushels of
corn, 8000 bushels of oats and bar-
1872, the
kept in
for the reason of there being a very
quiet and moral
The
community around
old cemetery
is near the
centre of the village, and is a lovely spot. Many interments in these
it.
grounds date back over one hundred
years. A new cemetery of fifteen
acres has been located a little east
of the village, towards Concord.
In the village are three churches,
school-house, library, one store,
and seventy or eighty dwellings.
About three miles west of Hopkinton village, on the Contoocook
river, is situated the enterprising
village
of
Contoocook.
grown up within
years,
and
is
It
has
the last thirty
the seat of considera-
and
manufacturing.
annually manufactures 120,000 yards of flannel,
valued at $ 36,000. One grist-mill
annually grinds 8,600 bushels of
grain of all kinds valued at § 8,600.
Doors, sash and blinds, $20,000, be-
ble
trade
One
flannel mill
the
wealthiest
in
The Contoocook Valley
State.
forms a junction with
Railroad
the Concord and Claremont, at this
point, thus affording excellent rail-
road
facilities for all sections
of
the country.
The
Employments.
larger por-
tion of the people are devoted to
agricultural pursuits
;
find
ley, 19,000
bushels potatoes, 1,200
bushels onions, 54,000 pounds butter, 19,000 pounds cheese, and 4,600
tons of hay are annually produced
125,000 clapboards, 450,000 shingles
and laths, 1,120,000 feet of boards,
of all kinds, are annually sawed,
valued at $ 23,600; leather tanned
to the value of $ 17,300 doors, sash
and blinds, $20,000, besides flannel,
;
;
wool carding, kits, &c. The total
value of manufactured goods, is
$ 119,800.
Resources. Annual productions
of the soil, $186,582; mechanical
labor, $25,600; stocks and money
deposits in
savings banks, $ 192,628 stock in
at interest, $69,333;
;
trade,
$
15,720.
* Saturday night,
November
15,
1873, the
buildings containing the above manufactories
were destroyed by
fire.
�NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER.
202
Churches and Schools.
At Hop-
kinton, Congregational, Rev. J. K.
Five," afterwards " New-Hopkinton." The settlements were com-
Young, pastor; members, 120;
church value, $8,000; Baptist,
Rev. A. Snyder, pastor members,
75; value, $7,500; St. Andrews,
Episcopal, supplied by St. Paul's
School; communicants 40; value,
$ 3,000. Contoocook Methodist,
Rev. D. Howard, pastor; mem-
menced
value, $3,000; Freewill
Baptist, Rev, J. D. Osgood, pastor;
January
;
;
bers, 22;
members, 80
;
value,
$
3,000
;
Swe-
denborgian, Rev. Charles Hardon,
members, 32; value, $2,
There are 21 schools in town
the Kimwere
settlers
and Putney's. Henry Miller and others received a new
grant of this town in 1756, which
was the occasion of long and bitfirst
ball's
regard to titles.
the population
was 1,085, and, with the exception
of Amherst, was the most populous
ter
average length for the year, eighteen weeks; total amount annually appropriated for school purposes, $ 2,499.84.
Literary Institutions.
Contoocook Academy, Charles Hardon,
Principal.
New-Hampshire Philomathic and
Antiquarian
was
1873.
Society.
established
Its
This society
November
19,
rooms are located in
Contoocook. This society is the
outgrowth of the Philomathic Club
formed in 1859, by three young
men then residing in this village.
There is now a museum of some
2,000 or 3,000 specimens of antiquities and other curiosities.
The
society desires
and
solicits the ac-
quaintance and co-operation of all
persons of antiquarian or scientific
pursuits throughout the State. The
Rev. Silas Ketchum, of Bristol, is
the Corresponding Secretary.
Libraries.
Hopkinton Public
Library, 750 volumes.
Contoocook Social Library, 650 volumes.
Hotel. Contoocook House.
Early Settlements.
Hopkinton
was granted by Massachusetts
to John Jones and others, January
16, 1735, and was called " Number
disputes in
town
pastor;
000.
by emigrants from
Among the
Mass.
in 1740,
Hopkinton,
11,
1775,
in central
New-Hampshire.
Rev. James
Ministers.
First
Scales, Congregational,
in 1757, dismissed in
Scales
was ordained
ordained
1770.
Mr.
in Putney's
on Putney's Hill. Rev. Elijah Fletcher, ordained in 1773,
died in 1789. Rev. Jacob Cram,
ordained in 1789, dismissed in 1794.
Rev. Ethan Smith, settled in 1800,
dismissed in 1817.
Boundaries. North by Warner
and Boscawen, east by Concord,
Fort,
by Bow, Dunbarton and
Weare, and west by Henniker.
Area, 26,967 acres improved land,
south
;
17,590.
Eight miles west of
Distances.
Concord.
Railroads.
Concord and Clare-
mont Railroad runs through the
northeast corner of the town. The
The
station is at Contoocook.
Contoocook Valley Railroad has
its terminus at Contoocook, and
forms a junction with the Concord
and Claremont Railroad.
HUDSON.
Hillsborough County.
The
surface of this town, back from the
Merrimack, is uneven, and the soil
is
more
turage,
suitably adapted to pas-
and the growth of wood
and timber, than
to tillage.
On
�203
JACKSON.
the river, there are large intervals
of a deep, fertile soil, producing
fine crops of corn, vegetables, and
hay. The surplus products of the
farmers are readily sold in the city
of Nashua, at fair prices.
River and Ponds. The western
border of Hudson, is washed by
Merrimack River. Little Massabesick and Otternick, both covering a surface of three hundred
acres, are the principal bodies of
water.
Employments. Agriculture is the
principal employment of the people
who receive a good return for their
There
labor.
is
some manufac-
turing done in town, but not on an
extensive scale. Extension tables,
plane woods, &c, are manufac-
About
tured.
700,000 feet of
lum-
ber, are annually sawed.
Agricultural
Resources.
ducts,
$
133,321
;
pro-
mechanical labor,
stocks,
&c,
money at interest, $ 2,900
$20,600;
$12,500;
in savings banks,
$
;
deposits
135,775
;
stock
$ 14,483. The resources
town clearly show that the
inhabitants are prosperous, and
in trade,
of this
ought to be happy.
Churches and Schools. Congregational, Rev. S. M. Blanchard,
pastor in 1870; Methodist, Elder
Baptist,
C. A. Cressey," pastor;
Rev. A. W. Chaflin, pastor. There
are ten schools in town average
length for the year, twenty-two
weeks. Annual amount appropri;
ated for school purposes, $1,394.80.
First Settlements. This town was
included in the grant of Dunstable,
and formerly called Nottingham
West,
noV Nashua, and
settle-
ments were commenced by Messrs.
Blodgett, Winn, Lovewell, Colburn, Hill, Greeley, Cross,
ings, Pollard,
Cum-
Marsh and Merrill, in
1710.
Incorporated July
5,
1746,
name changed to Hudson in 1830.
The first settlements were commenced on the banks of the river,
where the Indians had cleared
fields for the cultivation of corn.
Near the old Indian
cornfields,
cinders have been found, similar
to those produced in blacksmiths'
works. The first inhabitants lived
in garrisons.
While the men were
fields and forests,
and children were
abroad in the
the
women
lodged in these places of security.
First Ministers. Rev. Nathaniel
Merrill, Congregational, settled in
Rev. Jabez P.
1737, died in 1796
Fisher, settled in 1796, dismissed
;
in 1807.
Boundaries. North by Litchfield
and Londonderry, east by Windham and Pelham, south by Tyngsborough, Massachusetts, and west
by Nashua. Area, 17,379 acres;
improved land, 9,443 acres.
Thirty-eight miles
Distances.
south from Concord, and two and
one half miles east from Nashua.
Railroads. Two miles to Nashua station, on the Concord and
Nashua Railroad. The Nashua
and Rochester Railroad, now being constructed, will pass through
Hudson.
JACKSON.
Carroll County. Jackson is a
mountainous town.
Along the
streams are some very fine lands,
producing excellent crops, which
find a home market, for the reason
that
summer tourists who
this
romantic town, number about
frequent
500 annually.
Rivers and Mountains. The two
branches of Ellis River are the
principal
streams.
Thorne and
Iron Mountains are the most important elevations in town.
�204
NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER.
Minerals.
Tin ore has been
found here in considerable quantities. In the southern part, bordering on Bartlett, and near Rocky
Branch, an affluent of Ellis River,
one of the most valuable mines
of iron ore in the United States,
with everything considered. The
is
vein
now
in Avidth,
being opened,
and
is
55 feet
175 rods in length.
It is evident the
whole mountain
intersected by numerous veins
of excellent iron ore, and will
is
furnish an inexhaustible supply.
This ore has been tested by one of
the most celebrated English iron
and steel manufacturers, who
favorably reported upon its good
qualities, as producing the finest
quality of steel.
Until recently,
been far from any
means of transportation by railway, but now the Portland and
Ogdensburg Railroad, which extends through Bartlett, will pass
within three miles of the mine,
and a branch road may be easily
built up Rocky Branch, to a point
near the shafts. (See Bartlett.)
this ore has
The
future prospects of Jackson
are very flattering.
Employments. The inhabitants
are generally engaged in farming
and keeping summer
boarders.
are exbuilt, the coming
Some new manufactories
pected
to
be
season.
Resources.
soil,
$72,243;
$ 1,800
;
Productions of the
mechanical labor,
money at
interest,
$
3,800
deposits in savings banks, $ 4,084
from summer
tourists,
$25,000;
stock in trade, $ 2,700,
Churches and Schools.
There
are two churches of the Freewill
Baptist denomination, Rev. Cha's.
Hurlin,
is
pastor of one of them.
There are seven public schools.
Average length of schools for the
There is an annual church and school fund of $ 400.
Hotels.
Jackson Falls Hotel,
" Thorne Mountain House," and
" Iron Mountain House.
These
Houses are full of guests, through
year, ten weeks.
1
the
summer
'
season.
Benjamin Copp,
town with his family
in 1779, and remained fourteen
years before any other person settled here. The town was incorporated by the name of Adams,
December 4, 1800. It was changed
to its present name, in 1829,
First Settlers.
came
to this
First Minister.
kins,
Rev. Daniel ElF. Baptist, settled here in
A
1809.
Freewill Baptist church
was formed
in 1803.
Boundaries. North and west by
Pinkney's Grant, east by Chatham,
and south by Bartlett. Area 31,968
acres,
improved land,
Distances.
5,496 acres.
from
90 miles north
Concord, and forty-five north from
Ossipee.
Railroad.
Two and one half
miles to railway station, on Portland and Ogdensburg Railroad.
JAFFREY.
Cheshire County.
The uneven surface of this town affords
numerous meadows and rich pastures, causing it to be peculiarly
adapted to raising cattle. There
are some very fine farms, however,
well cultivated, and producing ex-
cellent crops; but, like too
of
many
neighboring towns, the
farming interest is neglected the
young men being inclined to leave
their paternal home, And seek
their fortunes elsewhere.
There
are but few country towns which
offer better inducements in natural resources, for the people
the
—
�205
JAFFREY.
happy and prosperous, than
Its fine water power and
delightful scenery have attracted
the attention of capitalists, and
the lovers of lake and mountain
out of three of which issue streams
In the
sufficient to carry mills.
largest, which is four hundred
rods long, and one hundred wide,
The number of tourists
who spend their summer vacation
acres.
to be
Jaffrey.
scenery.
in this delightful
town
is
estimated
at over eight hundred, while thou-
sands annually visit the mountains
for a day's recreation.
With this
advantage the farmer can find a
ready sale for all the surplus products of his farm, at remunera-.
tive prices.
Mountain.
The Grand Monad-
nock, which lies mostly in this
town, has an altitude of 3718 feet
From the sumabove the ocean.
mit of this mountain, some fine
views of the surrounding country
for many miles in extent can be
obtained.
House
Monadnock Mountain
way
main road to the top of
situated about half
is
from the
the mountain, and can be easily
reached by a passable road.
The
number
of arrivals at this hotel
last year
was 12,000.
About one and one-
Spring.
half miles in a south-easterly direction from the mountain, is Mo-
nadnock Mineral Spring.
The
waters are impregnated with carbonate of iron and sulphate of
soda.
Yellow ochre collects in
considerable quantities, where the
spring issues from the earth. The
temperature of the water is so
high that
it
has never been
known
an island containing about ten
is
There is considerable wapower in the east part of the
town near the Monadnock Railter
still unimproved.
The inhabitants
Employments.
are largely engaged in manufacturing,
mercantile trade, and
keeping summer boarders, who
road,
visit this
town
in
summer
the
months, for recreation and health.
The value of cotton drills annually manufactured is $192,000; 1,000,
000 shingles, and 2,210,000 feet of
boards are annually sawed. The
Contoocook River knife works annually manufacture $ 14,000 worth
of shoe knives of all kinds. Besides these, are nest boxes, bobclothes pins,
bins,
boots, shoes,
Village.
chair
stock,
&c, produced.
East Jaffrey
pleasantest
one of
is
in the
In this village is a cotton
manufactory, knife maunufacto-
the
villages
State.
large saw and
wooden ware, boots,
ry,
grist
mill,
shoes,
&c,
ten stores, one large
hotel, two banks, three churches,
express and telegraph office, post
eight
or
office, railroad station, and about
one hundred dwelling houses.
Resources.
Agricultural produc-
mechanical labor,
$ 61,400; railroad stock and bonds,
$72,500; money at interest, $33,
tions, $67,136;
stock in trade, $39,630;
de-
to freeze over.
600;
Streams and Ponds.
Several
streams issue from the sides of the
posits in savings banks,
Monadnock, the largest of which
rises about one hundred rods from
its crest, and forms the principal
source of the Contoocook River.
There are several ponds in town,
wealth, ranks the
fourth town in the county; in
population the seventh.
from
summer
Jaffrey,
tourists,
$
134,858
$32,000.
in
Churches and Schools.
1st
Con-
gregational, Rev. Rufus Case, pas-
�NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER.
206
East Jaffrey 2d CongregaRev. D. N. Goodrich, pasUnivertor Baptist,
salis!, Rev. J. M. H. Smith, pas-
tor, at
;
tional,
;
;
tor.
Congregational, 80
1st
mem-
$ 4,000 2d Congregamembers, value, $3,500;
members, value,
86
Baptist,
$ 3,000 Universalist, 20 members,
value, $ 3,000. There are thirteen
and fourteen
districts,
school
Average length
schools in town.
bers, value,
;
tional, 50
;
of schools for the year, nineteen
weeks. Value of school houses,
$
The
11,000.
Conant
High
School has placed Jaffrey in the
front rank of facilities
mon and
for
com-
missed in
tional
The Congregawas formed in
1780.
North by Dublin,
Boundaries.
by Peterborough and Sharon,
south by Rindge and Fitzwilliam,
and, west by Troy and Marlborough. Area, 28,600 acres.
miles
Distances.
Forty-six
south west from Concord, and fifteen south-east from Keene.
Railroad. Monadnock Railroad
passes through the south-east part
of the town. Railroad station at
Two miles to the
East Jaffrey.
centre of the town; conveyance
by stage.
east
high school education.
Jaffrey Social LibraEast Jaffrey, 500 volumes;
ry,
J. M. H. Smith's private library,
669 volumes.
Monadnock Savings
Banks.
Bank, East Jaffrey, and Monadnock National Bank, East Jaffrey.
1782.
Church
JEFFERSON.
Libraries.
Monadnock Mountain
Hotels.
Hotel; Centre,
Central House, Massasoit House,
and Granite State Hotel, East
House,
Jaffrey.
$62,000.
Cutter's
Total Value of hotels,
of arrivals for
number
the year at all the hotels, 19,600.
There are three livery stables
with 26 horses, which are valued
at $12,600.
This town
First Settlements.
was granted by the Masonian proprietors, to forty persons, in 1749.
In 1758, a Mr. Grant, and John
Davidson made the first settlement. It was originally called
Middle Monadnock, or Number
two.
In 1773, the town was incorporated and received its name
from George Jaffrey, Esq., of
Portsmouth.
First Minister.
Rev. Laban
Ainsworth, settled in 1778; dis-
Coos County. The surface of
this town is rough, uneven and
broken with mountains and
On
hills.
the south-west side of Pliny
Mountain, the soil is rich and productive, and furnishes several ex-
An extensive and
view of the White Mountains is obtained from this farming
neighborhood. The hills and base
of the mountains furnish some excellent grazing and tillage land.
cellent farms.
delightful
In proportion to the number of
acres of improved land, Jefferson
produces more bushels of potatoes
than any other town in the State.
Ponds and Streams. Cherry and
Safety Ponds, are the principal
Israel's River
bodies of water.
passes through the town from
south-east to north-west, and here
receives a considerable tributary.
There is some very good water
power on these streams.
Summer Resorts. The fine mountain scenery found
in Jefferson,
made it quite popular as a
summer resort. There are three
large hotels, besides many houses
has
�KEENE.
207
prepared for the reception of sum-
his
mer
Jefferson
was incorporated De-
cember
1796.
The Waumbeck,
boarders.
Mt. Adams, and Jefferson
the
Hill, are
names of the public houses.
The
scenery, at
Waumbeck
the
House of the surrounding country,
is grand.
At the rear of the house
is Star King Mountain which is
From the piazza
of the Hotel, people on the summit
of Mount Washington can be diseasily ascended.
tinctly seen with a glass.
Fine
views can be had from all the Hotels in town.
Employments.
Agriculture is
the principal vocation of the people. Lumber to the value of $ 46,500
four starch
is annually sawed;
escape
8,
S
75,600.
bushels
potatoes
pro-
duced, 78,467.
Resources. Agricultual productions,
S
$ 84,600
19,900
;
mechanical labor,
deposits
;
banks, $717.00;
from
84,399;
savings
in
stock
in
trade,
summer
tourists,
Churches and Schools.
MethoThere
$ 20,000.
dist, I. J.
Tebbetts, pastor.
stratagem.
Boundaries. North by Lancaster and Kilkenny, east by Randolph, south by White mountain
region and Carroll, and west by
Whitefield.
Area, 26,676 acres;
area of improved land, 6,980 acres.
Ten miles southDistances.
east from Lancaster, and by railroad and stage, one hundred and
forty-seven
miles
north from
Concoi'd.
Railroad.
ter station
Ten miles
to
Lancas-
on the Montreal Exten-
sion Railroad.
KEENE.
mills manufacture 190 tons 6tarch,
valued at $ 15,200; 11,000 bushels
meal and flour ground, § 13,800.
Total value of goods manufactured,
through
Cheshire County.
Coming
in
the cars from Bellows Falls, Ver-
mont, on the Cheshire railroad, as
you wind around the brow of a hill,
you first obtain a view of Keene,
nestling in the valley of the Ashuelot.
Before you are the meadows,
fields, the meandering Ashuelot, the farm houses, the
church spires peering through the
maple or elm, while farther in the
distance are the hills which act as
the cultivated
citadels to
guard
this
delightful
are eight schools in town; average length for the year, fourteen
vale against the chilling blasts of
a northern climate the whole
weeks.
This town
presenting a grand panoramic
view of nature and art combined,
John Goffe
rarely excelled.
First Settlements.
was granted
to Colonel
under the name of Dartmouth,
October 3, 1765; June 26, 1772, it
was regranted to Mark H. Wentworth and others. Colonel Joseph
Whipple, Samuel Hart and others,
commenced
the first settlement
about 1773. Colonel Whipple was
captured here in his house, by a
party of Indians, headed by a white
man, during the war of the revolution.
He succeeded in making
—
Keene is situated in a broad valwhich was in ages past the
ley,
bed of a primeval lake. Its alluvial deposits extend down to unknown depth, covering about one
third the surface of the town, and
varying in character from a clean
sand to pure clay, with vast deposits of peat and swamp muck composed of the vegetable accumulations of centuries.
These,
whex
�NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER.
208
properly drained, will make meadow lands that will vie in fertility
with the prairies of the West. This
valley is watered by the Ashuelot
river
and
its
tributaries,
which
run through the town, affording
several valuable mill sites, some
of which are still unoccupied. The
soil,
generally, in the valley,
is
while the hill-sides are
well adapted to grazing. Granite,
fertile,
and shoe facone glue factory, two soap
factories, four tanneries one of
erection, one boot
tory,
—
them the
—
two
two brick yards, two
mills.
grist-mills, and six saw
There are in use eight steam engines, furnishing motive power for
largest in the State
potteries,
the various occupations, in addition to several water powers in
There are from
use.
fifty to
sev-
of
enty-five stores of all kinds, three
ite,
large hotels,
town hall, court
house, seven church edifices, several school-houses, three printing of-
good quality for quarrying,
abounds in many parts of the
town. A peculiar quality of grandesignated " rotten stone,"
is
found in abundance in several localities, affording the best mateIt contains
rial for road-making.
a portion of sulphuret of iron,
which decomposes, and leaves the
rock in a very fragile condition,
easily reduced, and convenient for
use. All branches of business pursued in the place are in a very
flourishing condition. In point of
energy, enterprise, and growth, it
may be considered the leading
town in the State, with a population of about seven thousand five
hundred. The offices, depots, and
shops of the Cheshire and Ashue-
five banks, besides many
lawyers physicians', dentists', and
insurance offices.
Some of the
business blocks are the finest and
most expensive structures of the
kind in the State. Its natural refices,
1
,
sources consist
in
its
numerous
water privileges, some of which
are
still
timber,
its
wood and
fertile soil,
favorable
unoccupied,
its
for agriculture,
ries, its
ing
its
granite quar-
vast beds of clay for
brick,
mak-
peat beds, which
be utilized as fuel, or
its
in time may
prepared for fertilizing the adjacent fields. There are hundreds
lot railroads are at this place,
and
with their extensive business, find
of acres in different parts of the
town, consisting entirely of peat
employment for a large number
These buildings measure more than a mile in length,
and with their solidity and beauty,
constitute an important part of the
village. The new shops and fac-
and muck beds, which by a proper manipulation can be made into
compost that for all practical pur-
of hands.
tories, erected in different parts of
the
plac"e,
are generally substantial
and beautiful
structures, imparting
a business air to the town. There
is a flannel factory, a pail factory,
an iron foundry, two carriage mantwo chair shops, two
furniture shops, one sash and blind
factory, and another in process of
ufactories,
poses
stable
is
equal in value to ordinary
This can easily be
manure.
made available by the proprietors,
who can thus add an immense value to their cultivated lands.
The location of the town in the
great basin makes it the natural
centre of business for most of the
county and portions of the adjacent
territory, by affording means of
communication
facilties
and commercial
unsurpassed by any other
�KEENE.
209
town in the State. Its increasing
population since the close of the
war has required the erection of a
number of houses, varying from
$
seventy-five to one hundred annu-
chairs, of all kinds,
some of which, in point of
beauty and value, are not excelled
by any private residences in the
State.
These with the generally
neat appearance of the streets,
shaded with majestic elms, make
Keene one of the most beautiful
000
pails,
and
blinds,
ally,
villages
in
New-England.
The
park in the centre of the village,
with its grove and soldiers' monument, surrounded by substantial
business blocks,
makes the place
particularly attractive to visitors.
It is supplied with an abundance of
pure water from a small lake three
miles distant, of sufficient elevation to force a stream of water ov-
er the roofs of the highest build-
thus rendering the place
comparatively secure against the
ravages of fire. Its advantageous
situation, in connection with the
ings,
enterprise of
its
citizens,
and
its lo-
it a prospect
of future prosperity and continued
cal resources, gives
growth in manufactures, wealth
and population, and, ere long, it
will be ranked as one of the cities
of New-Hampshire.
Employments The inhabitants,
are principally engaged in manufacturing and mercantile trade.
It is one of the largest centres for
trade in the State. The manufactures are varied and extensive.
86,400 sides of leather and 11,500
are
annually
tanned,
valued at $ 624,000. At the Beaver Mills are annually manufactured furniture, chairs, machinery,
and other mechanical works, to
the value of $ 242,000. There are
calf-skins
made
60 tons of glue, valued at
30,000; 3,800 chamber-sets,
8
115,
soap and candles, §54,500;
5,550 cases of men's and women's
boots and shoes, $ 255,000 143,600
000;
;
$
182,866; 260,
$43,000;
doors, sash,
valued at § 125,000
brush handles, $ 14,000; machinery of
kinds, §80,000; foundry,
all
$75,000; pottery works, S 35,000;
700,000 yards of flannel of the best
quality, $315,000; 550 sleighs
150 carriages, $65,700
;
and
besides gas
works, railroad shops, carpenters,
butchers, photographers, custom
boot
and shoe manufacturers,
plumbers, organ manufacturer,
bookbinders, cloth dryers, tin ware,
marble
workers,
blacksmiths,
brick, bakery, hair work, tailors,
milliners, and various other kinds
of mechanical work too numerous
to mention.
The total amount in~
vested in manufactories is $ 1,138,
300.
1,221 males, and 109 females
are employed, who annually receive for their labor, $636,000.
Total value of manufactured goods,
$2,757,700. (See statistical table.)
Resources.
Agriculturial products, $144,134;
$636,000;
money
mechanical labor,
&c, $372,350;
stocks
at interest,
$118,910; de-
posits in savings banks, $583,338;
stock in trade, $ 426,450
from
summer
;
estimate
$ 6,000.
and professional services are estimated at $ 300,000 or
more.
Churches and Sclwols. Congre-
The
tourists,
clerical
Rev. W. O.
White, pastor; number of members, 90 church valuation, $ 30,
First Congregational, Rev.
000.
Cyrus Richardson, pastor; members, 290
church value, $ 45,000.
Second Congregational, Rev. J. A.
Leach, pastor; members, 290;
gational Unitarian,
;
;
�NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER.
210
Grace
church value, $33,000.
Ghurch, (Methodist) Rev. T. L.
Flood,
members,
pastor;
300;
church value, $50,000; Baptist,
RevW. H. Eaton, D. D., pastor;
members, 184; chui'ch valuation,
$ 16,000. St. James, (Episcopal,)
Rev. George W. Brown, rector;
communicants, 100 church value,
$ 40,000. St. Bernard's (Catholic,)
Rev. D. W. Murphy, priest; members, 1,600; church value, $ 10,000.
;
is now buildnew church edifice, (1873).
number of churches, 7;
number of members, 2,850 church
The
Baptist society
ing a
Total
;
There are
eleven school districts, and thirty
schools in Keene. Number of
valuation,
$223,000.
average
length
for the year, twenty-nine
weeks;
scholars,
1,190;
annual amount of money appropriated for school purposes, $ 14,978.
The schools
14.
as
high as in
town stand
any town in the
in this
;
;
volumes or moi'e, 24,150.
There are at least six Sundayschool libraries, ranging from 500
to 1000 volumes each.
Hotels.
Cheshire House, Eagle
Hotel, and American House. To400
tal
$
value of hotels in the town,
170,000
;
total
number
of arrivals
for the year, 24,300.
There are four
Livery Stables.
livery stables, with fifty-nine hors-
State.
Keene
Faulkner, Esq., 500; George
Cook, Esq., 800; J. H. Elliott,
Esq., 500 Rev. J. A. Leach, 2,700
Samuel W. Hale, 500; D. W. Gilbert, 400; I. F. Prouty, 400; Gen. S.
G. Griffin, 800; C. T. Buffum, 400;
Rev. G. W. Brown, 900; Dr. H. H.
Darling, 600 Rev. W. H. Eaton, D.
D., 900; C. C. Webster, Esq., 500;
Rev. D. W. Murphy, 400; G. H.
Tilden & Co., 600; Horatio Colony,
Esq., 800; Julius N. Morse, 500;
Hon. T. M. Edwards, 500; and
Samuel Dinsmore, 500. Total
number of volumes in libraries of
S.
Natural
History Society
valued at $ 12,000.
Banks. Cheshire National, Ash-
es,
was organized in 1872, and has
met with eminent success in col-
uelot
lecting illustrative
specimens of
the several departments pertain-
Cheshire Provident Institution for
Savings, and Keene Five Cent Sav-
ing to the natural sciences. The
interest in this enterprise is grow-
ings Bank.
ing rapidly and its members have
already a museum consisting of
numerous objects exemplifying the
Sentinel
mineral, and animal kingdoms, in
their various phases, together with
rare and curious works of art.
Libraries. Keene Public Libra-
setts,
volumes
Carpenter, M. D., (private), 800; D. H.
Woodward, Esq., 500; Rev. E, A.
Renouf, 1,000; Messrs. Wheeler
and Faulkner, Esqs., 450; G. B.
Twitchell, M. D., 1,000; Mrs. Ingersoll, 1,200; Gen. James Wilson,
700 Rev. W. O. White, 1,800 C.
ry, 3,000
;
;
A.
S.
;
National,
Keene National,
New-Hampshire
Newspapers.
Cheshire Republican.
First
;
Settlements.
originally granted
Keene was
by Massachu-
under the name of Upper
The first settlement
was commenced about the year
Ashuelot.
1734, by Jeremiah Hall, Elisha
Root, Nathaniel Rockwood, Seth
Heaton, Josiah Fisher, Nathan
Blake, and others. It was incorporated under its present name,
April 11, 1753, in honor of an Eng-
nobleman, Sir Benjamin
Keene.
From Hayward's Gazetteer, we
lish
�211
KEENE.
append a few extracts, showing
the danger, hardships, and cruelties which the first settlers of
Keene were subjected to by Indian
incursions.
"The usual scourge which attended the frontier settlements visited
this town.
In 1745, the Indians
killed Josiah Fisher, a deacon of
the church
in 1746, they attacked
;
the
fort,
marched the first detachment of men from this town, in
the war of tire revolution, and participated in the battle of Bunker
This company
(Breed's) Hill.
consisted of thirty men. The list
of the foot company in Keene, at
this time, numbered one hundred
soldier,
and twenty-six
They were, however,
discovered by Capt. Ephraim Dorman, in season to prevent their taking it. He was attacked by two
tablished
Indians, but defended himself suc-
in
cessfully against them,
An
the fort.
and reached
action ensued, in
which John Bullard was killed;
Mrs. M'Kenney, being out of the
fort, was stabbed and died; and
Nathan Blake taken prisoner and
carried to Canada, where he remained two years.
Mr. Blake
afterwards
returned
where he lived
1811,
at
till
to
the age of ninety-nine
years and five months.
was
ow
all
Keene,
his death, in
When
he
ninety-four, he married a wid-
of sixty.
The Indians burnt
the buildings in the settlement,
including the meeting house.
The inhabitants continued in the
fort until April,
1747,
when
the
In 1753,
town was abandoned.
they returned, and recommenced
In 1755, the
Indians again attacked the fort.
Their number was great, and the
onset violent, but the vigilance and
courage of Capt. Syms successAfter burning
fully defended it.
their settlements.
several
buildings, killing cattle,
&c, they withdrew.
They again
invaded the town, but with
and
influential
the alarm
the
'
1 1
Sentinel,'
at
Keene,
1799, is still living in
and
is
the
es-
"New-Hampshire
in
this
March,
town,
one of the oldest printers
Father
United States.
deposited his 74th annual vote for State and county
officers, on the 11th day of March,
1873.* Keene has been the birth
place and residence of many prominent and talented men, who have
held many honorable positions,
both in the State and Nation.
Prentiss
A
First Ministers.
was erected
fice
1736.
In
1736,
church edi-
in this
town
in
the Rev. Jacob
Bacon was ordained; left in 1747.
Rev. Ezra Carpenter settled in
1753 left in 1760. Rev. Clement
Sumner, ordained in 1761 left in
1772.
Rev. Aaron Hall, settled in
;
;
1778; died in 1814.
North by WestBoundaries.
moreland, Surry, and Gilsum, east
by Sullivan and Roxbury, south
by Swanzey, and west by ChesterArea,
field and Westmoreland.
22,040
acres;
improved
land,
11,445 acres.
Distances. Ninety miles northwest from Boston, and fifty-five
south-west from Concord.
Railroads.
The
railroad facili-
little
Since writing the above, Mr. Prentiss died,
success."
Colonel Isaac
;
Hon. John Prentiss, who
the only protection of the
inhabitants.
men
list forty-five.
Wyman, an
June 6, 1873, aged 95 years. He was
an excellent man in every relation of life, and
he died full of both years and honor.
Friday,
active
man, and a brave
�NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER.
212
town are good. Cars
" Ashuelot"
and the
on the
"Cheshire" railroads leave daily
ties of this
When the "
country.
of the
for all sections
Manchester and Keene
Railroad" is completed, thereby
giving a more direct communication with the central portion of
the State, the railroad facilities of
Keene will be nearly perfected.
Ken-
sington has generally an even surand the soil is deep and fer-
face,
and well adapted to grazing
and produces excellent
tillage,
The average value
crops.
of agri-
cultural products for each acre of
improved land is over $ 14. This
all improved land except
includes
wood
land.
The
State of Illinois
averages less than $11, or 22 per
cent less than Kensington.
The
farmers find a ready market at
Exeter, three miles distant, for
their
surplus
products,
at
fair
There are some fine farms
under a high state of cultivation.
prices.
From the summit of Fogg's or
Moulton's Hill, an extensive view
can be had of the broad Atlantic,
and many
cities
and
Productions of the
$82,794; mechanical labor.
$25,650; stocks and money at interest, $ 13, 129 deposits in savings
banks, $ 16,856
stock in trade,
Resources.
soil,
;
;
$9,445;
$
from
summer
tourists,
1,200.
Churches and Schools.
tor
Rockingham County.
and
tannery, a plow manufac
and a wheelwright's shop.
Congre-
gational, Rev. E. D. Eldridge, pas-
KENSINGTON.
tile,
small
tory,
villages.
Many tourists stop through the
summer in this ancient and pleasant town.
Ponds. Muddy Pond is the only
body of water of any note.
It
derives its name from the turbid
appearance of its waters.
Employments. Agriculture and
shoe business is the principal employment of the people.
120,000
pairs of shoes are annually made,
valued at $ 120,000, giving employment to about 40 men. 650,000
feet of lumber, of all kinds, are
annually sawed.
There is one
;
Baptist,
salist,
;
.
Univer-
There are two
Average length
schools in town.
of schools for the year, thirty-four
weeks.
Libraries.
Kensington Ladies'
Sewing Circle Library, 500
First
Settlements.
vols.
Kensington
was
settled at a very early period,
but the exact date is not known.
It was originally
a part
of
Hampton, from which it was detached and incorporated, April 1,
1737.
First Ministers. Rev. Jeremiah
Fogg, (Congregational,) ordained
in 1737, died in 1789; Rev. Naphtali Shaw, ordained in 1793, dismissed in 1812. The Congregational society was drganized in
1737.
Boundaries.
east by
North by Exeter,
Hampton and Seabrook,
south by South Hampton, and west
by East Kingston.
Total area,
7,045 acres; improved land, 5,729
acres.
Distances.
About
forty miles
south-east from Concord and three
south from Exeter.
By
Railroads.
Newburyport
and Exeter daily stage to Exeter
station, three miles to the
and Maine Railroad.
Boston
When com-
it is expected that the Exand Salisbury Railroad will
pass through Kensington.
pleted,
eter
�KILKENNY
—KINGSTON.
KIMvI»V.
the soil being of a sandy
loam, easy to cultivate, and when
properly fertilized, produces good
crops. The plain land is rich and
very fertile. The highest elevalevel,
Coos County. Since the last
gazetteer of New-Hampshire was
issued, but little if any change has
occured in this" town. It is a rough,
rocky, and cold township. Along
the southern border of the town is a
narrow strip of land which is quite
productive and easily cultivated.
Mountains. Pilot and Willard's
mountain include a large portion
of this territory they receive the
;
tions are
from a
fact
that a hunter
called
is
Near the centre of the
located the village, on a
large plain.
is
;
contained 19 inhabitants
;
in 1856,
19, and we have no way of knowing any different census, at the
present time.
Boundaries.
North by Stark,
east by Milan, Berlin and Randolph, south by Jefferson, and
west by Jefferson and Lancaster.
Total area, 15,906 acres.
The
total value of the whole town, is
Distances.
One hundred and
twenty miles north from Concord,
and fifteen east from Lancaster.
KINGSTON.
Rockingham
surface of this
The
County.
town is generally
The carriage business
extensively
carried on here,
and, with the exception of Concord, more business is done in that
line,
than at any other point in the
State.
There are three churches, school
house, academy, three hotels, four
or five stores, of various kinds,
and about one hundred dwelling
is about two miles to the
railway station, on the Boston and
Maine Railroad, at East Kingston.
houses. It
Employments. The inhabitants
are about equally divided between
manufacturing, and mercantile
trade on one side, and farming on
the other. Carriages, to the value
of $ 126,000, are annually manufactured, leather, $ 10,000 lumber,
;
$5,000, besides sale shoes, and
other small mechanical shops.
The
total value of goods annually
manufactured, is $ 163,800.
Resources. Annual productions
of the soil, $56,303; mechanical
labor,
$ 20,000.
and
Village.
town,
this
with his dog. On the east side of
the mountain was his camp each
day he noticed the dog left him, as
he supposed in pursuit of game,
but towards night he would return.
At last he resolved to follow him
and, on the following day, he set
out with the dog, and after three
days of hunger and fatigue, was
brought back to his camp by his
faithful guide and companion.
Organization.
This town was
granted to Jonathan Warner and
others, June 4, 1774. In 1840, it
Hill,
Ponds. There are several ponds,
the largest of which is Great Pond,
which covers about three hundred
acres.
All the ponds have an
area of eight hundred acres.
named
Willard, was once lost on
mountain, while out hunting
High
Rockrimmon.
name of Pilot and Willard's mountain
213
$ 53,600 stocks, and money
$ 12,679 deposits in
;
at interest,
;
savings banks, $13,172; stock in
trade,
ists,
$ 9,495
;
from summer tour-
$2,000.
Churches and Schools. CongreRev. Jacob Chapman,
pastor; Methodist, Rev. Joseph
gational,
�NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER.
214
Hayes,
pastor;
Union,
.
died in 1795, aged sixty-five years.
There are six schools in town.
Average length of schools for the
year, twenty-two weeks.
Kingston
Literary Institution.
Academy, John W. Sanborn, prin-
Rev. Ward
First Ministers.
Clark, (Congregational,) ordained
in 1725, died in 1737 Rev. Joseph
Secombe, settled in* 1737, died in
cipal.
in
Alphia House, Towle's
Hotel, and Farmer's Hotel.
First Settlements. Kingston was
granted by Lieutenant Governor
Usher, to James Prescott, Ebenezer Webster, and others from
Thayer, D.D., settled in
Hotels.
Hampton, August
6,
1694,
and
contained within its borders, East
Kingston, Danville and Sandown.
The proprietors erected garrisons, and other buildings, and
began to cultivate their lands, soon
;
1760
;
Rev.
1762,
Amos Tappan, ordained
died in
1771;
Rev.
1776,
E.
died
in 1812.
North by BrentBoundaries.
wood, east by East Kingston, south
by Newton and Plaistow, and west
Hampstead and Danville.
by
Area, 12,188 acres; area of improved land, 5,786 acres.
Thirty-eight miles
Distances.
south-east from Concord, and six
south from Exeter.
But they were soon attended with
By daily stage to
Railroad.
East Kingston station, on Boston
and Maine Railroad, two miles
troubles from the hostile Indians,
distant.
after they obtained their charter.
which had a discouraging effect
upon the infant settlement. In
1707, Stephen and Joel Gilman,
were ambushed between Exeter
and Kingston, but fortunately
made their escape. Again in 1712,
Stephen Gilman and a comrade,
Ebenezer Stevens, were attacked
and wounded, and Gilman taken
and put to death. Jabez Colman
and son were killed while laboring in the field, in 1724, and at the
same time four children were
taken one escaped, and the others
were redeemed. Ancient French
coins, and Indian implements of
various kinds, have been ploughed
up near the ponds. Major Ebene-
—
zer Stevens, one of the
first settlers,
was a very distinguished and useful citizen. Kingston was also the
residence of the Hon. Josiah Bartlett, who was first govei-nor of the
State,
under
its
free constitution.
He was a valuable and useful man,
both in the town and State, He
LACONIA.
Belknap County.
This town
was disannexed from the eastern
section of the town of Meredith
and incoi-porated under the name
of Laconia, in July, 1855.
small township, but the
good, and,
when
It is
a
soil
is
properly culti-
vated, yields abundant crops.
It is watered on its eastern border by Long Bay and Winnipiseogee river, which separates it from
Gilford.
A portion of Winni-
squam Lake
lies in the south-east-
ern part, near the village of Laconia. This lake is a beautiful sheet
of water, about six miles in
length, and from one half to two
miles in width. A small steamboat plies on its waters during
the warm season, to the order of
With
picnics and private parties.
these advantages for varied recreations, Laconia has become quite
popular as a resort for
summer
�215
LACONIA.
The Winnipiseogee
tourists.
er in
its
riv-
passage from Long Bay to
comes from any car manufactory
in New England.
Unlike most
Winnisquam lake, for the distance
of two miles, furnishes some of
the best water power in the State,
which is improved to the extent
of over 1,400 horse power in the
manufactories of this character,
their shops are so arranged, that
every part of a car, from the most
simple bolt to the wheels and
two
shops, with the exception of the
Lake
Laconia and
villages,
axle.
Village.
Lake Village, lying
this town and partly in
Villages.
partly in
Gilford,
Long
is
situated at the foot of
bay, and on Winnipiseogee
About one mile from Lake
on the Winnipiseogee,
and on the shore of Lake Winnesquam, is located the thriving vilriver.
Village,
lage of Laconia.
scription
these
of
villages,
see
Employments. Laconia is a large
manufacturing and
mercantile
town, being excelled by but one
in the State in proportion to
At Laconia village
Car Manufacturing Company. They employ
over two hundred men, who anits
is
population.
situated the Raulet
nually
receive
for
their
labor,
while the annual production of various kinds, is valued at
For many years
over $500,000.
they manufactured only baggage
cars; but for several years past
they have been increasing their
$
150,000,
facilities for
the manufacture of
passenger cars, and at the present
time (1873) they manufacture
every species of cars from common baggage, to the finest palace cars that run over our railroads. Some of the splendid palace cars seen on the Montreal,
Vermont
Central, Northern and
Concord railroads, are made by the
skilled workmen of this company.
Their work is pronounced as good
and as handsomely finished, as
made
is
their
in
own
This gives them an advan-
tage in competing with the
who purchase
ufacturers
mantheir
wheels, springs, bolts, &c, from
other shops. The annual value of
manufactured productions
has increased from $280,000 to
$500,000, within the past three
their
years.
The Belknap
For further de-
Gilford.
town
springs,
cotton and woolen
mills have the capacity of employ-
ing 90 males and over 300 females,
and annually turn out manufactured goods to the value of $ 756,000.
They are at present making some
changes in their business and consequently are not in operation.
There are five hosiery mills, usually
employing 84 males and 166
fe-
males, and annually producing 262,
000 dozens of cotton and merino
One of
not in operation.
There is an iron foundery
for loom castings, &c.
a machine
shop for mill work, shafting, and
hose, valued at $353,000.
the mills at present
is
;
machinery, grist mill, saw mills,
and various other mechanical
shops.
The
employed
tories,
total
number of hands
in the various
when
manufac-
are in operation,
all
is males, 447, females 508, and the
annual value of goods manufactured, is $ 1,814,500.
Resources.
Productions of the
soil, $66,157;
mechanical labor,
$351,950; stocks and money at interest, $56,150; deposits in savings
banks, $ 148,280
stock in trade,
;
$
107,000;
professional
business,
�NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER.
216
$60,000;
from summer
tourists,
$ 2,000.
Churches and Schools.
CongreW. F. Bacon, pastor; Unitarian, Rev. C. Fowler,
pastor; Catholic, Father M. J.
Goodwin, priest; Methodist, Rev.
B. W. Chase, pastor; Freewill
gational, Rev.
H. Lyford, pasThere are eight schools in
town, five of which are graded.
Average length of schools for the
Baptist, Rev. F.
tor.
year, twenty-six weeks.
amount
of
money
The
total
appropriated
for school purposes, is $2,183.60.
The Laconia
Libraries.
Libra-
ry Association has a fund to the
amount of $ 1,500 to establish a
Public Library at Laconia Village.
Hon. O. A.
library,
J.
1,200
Vaughan, private
volumes;
Judge
E. A. Hibbard, 1,200 volumes.
Newspaper
Laconia Democrat.
.
(See tables.)
warm
in the
season, steamboats
are in readiness, on the arrival of
the trains, to convey passengers to
Centre Harbor,
Wolfeborough,
Alton Bay, and other important
points in and around the lake.
LANCASTER.
Coos County.
Lancaster was
formerly the whole shire town of
Coos county. The population, after the introduction of the Grand
Trunk Railway, increased quite
rapidly in the northern section of
the county, and Colebrook was assigned as shire town for the North-
ern Judicial District.
ows and
The meadtown are
intervals in this
considered the most extensive and
finest there are in the whole valley of the Connecticut, extending
back nearly a mile
The
soil
to the uplands.
of these intervals
is
allu-
and produces excellent crops of
corn, oats and grass; while the
vial
Banks. Laconia National Bank,
Belknap Savings Bank, and Laconia Savings Bank. (See tables.)
Hotels.
Mount Belknap House,
Lake Village Laconia Hotel, and
Willard House, at Laconia Vil;
lage.
First Settlements
and First Min-
(See Meredith.)
Boundaries. North and northeast by Long Bay, east by Gilford,
south by Sanbornton, and west
and north-west by Meredith.
Area of improved land, 4,702 acres.
Distances.
Twenty-five miles
north from Concord to Gilford
Court House in Laconia Village.
Railroads.
The Boston, Concord & Montreal Railroad passes
along the eastern and north-eastern border of the town, through
Laconia and Lake Villages, thence
to the Weirs, landing at the outlet
of Winnipiseogee Lake, where,
uplands,
when
raise fine
pi'operly cultivated,
wheat and other crops.
The annual value of
its
agricultu-
exceeds that of any
ral products
other town in the county, and it
ranks as the twelfth town in the
State in agriculture.
There
ister.
that
is
is
no town
more
in the State
pleasantly situated for
mountain scenery than LanThe town itself is not
fine
caster.
mountainous, but towering mountains can be seen on every hand.
At the south and south-east, the
Franconia hills and the whole
range of the White Mountains are
in full
view
;
and
in the north
east the Stratford or
with
and
1
'
Percy Peaks,
many
of the Green Mountains
are distinctly visible
west; while before you
in
Vermont
to
the
is
the
with
its
meandering Connecticut
broad, cultivated intervals
�217
LANCASTER.
dotted with beautiful farm houses
the whole presenting a picture of
nature and art combined, worthy
of the pencil of a limner's brightest skill.
Rivers and Ponds. Connecticut
River washes its north-western
border for about ten miles. It is
about 20 rods wide at this point,
very deep and crooked. Israel's
River passes through the town in
a north-westerly direction, and affords some valuable water power.
There are several ponds,
the largest of which is Martin
Meadow Pond, named for a hunter who frequented this locality
many years ago. This communicates with Little Pond. The Baker Pond, one mile north of the village, is a pleasant sbeet of water
and is situated so near the Connecticut that, by a short canal,
logs are run into it from that river, thus affording remarkable facilities for the steam saw mill, on
the track of the railroad, near the
inlet.
Minerals.
Limestone
is
found
in limited quantities.
Villages.
On
Israel's river
and
about one mile from the Connecticut, is located the large
and pleas-
ant village of Lancaster. The fine
country which surrounds it, the excellent roads, and pleasant drives,
together with the magnificent
mountain scenery on every side,
have rendered it very attractive as
a summer resort, for the denizens
of our large cities and villages.
From the cupola of the Lancaster
House nearly as fine a view of
river, country, and mountain scenery can be obtained as in any other
section of the State. The streets
are wide and beautifully shaded,
while the business blocks and pri-
vate residences, betoken an air of
neatness, so much admired by every lover of a village home.
The river passes through nearly
the center of the village, and is
spanned by two substantial bridges,
the one on Main street being a
In its passage
fine structure.
through the village it furnishes
some fine water power, which is
There is
generally improved.
one paper mill, two saw mills capable of sawing 4,500,000 feet of
lumber annually, one carriage factory, one of the largest grist-mills
in the State, door, sash and blind
factory, furniture
shop,
foundry,
machine shop, tannery, starch
mill,
two printing offices, shoe
shops, harness shops, blacksmith
tailors &c.
value of goods annually
manufactured in the village, including meal and flour ground, is
It is the
estimated at $300,000.
centre of a large mercantile trade.
shops,
The
marble shop,
total
There are between twenty and
thirty stores, of all kinds, with a
There
capital of over $200,000.
are also one bank, two hotels, five
church edifices, with another in
process of erection, one large graded school house, academy, court
house and jail, insurance, express,
telegraph, and post offices, twelve
lawyers, six physicians, two denThere are about three
tists, &c.
hundred dwelling houses and fifteen hundred inhabitants in the
village. At South Lancaster there
is a large steam saw mill doing an
There are
extensive business.
four large potato starch mills in
town, and an excellent fair ground
and race course where annual fairs
and races are held.
Employments. The inhabitants
in their vocation are about equal-
�NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER.
218
between agricultural on
and manufacturing, mercantile trade and professional business on the other. 4,700 bushels
ly divided
one
side,
of corn, 2,300 bushels of wheat, 31,
000 bushels oats, 115,000 bushels
potatoes, 68,000 lbs. butter, 27,000
maple sugar, and 5,833 tons of
hay are annually produced; 115,
lbs.
000 clapboards,
1,000,000 shingles
and laths, and 8,500,000 feet of
boards and dimension timber are
annually sawed, valued at $ 139,
000 45,000 bushels of grain of all
kinds, ground, valued at $ 60,000
350 tons of manilla and straw
wrapping paper, valued at $42,000
;
150 to 200 tons potato starch, worth
from $ 15,000 to $ 30,000 carriages
$ 20,000 sash and blinds, $ 6,000
furniture, $ 12,000 machine shop,
$ 15,000 harness-making, $ 10,000,
;
;
;
;
besides
printing,
foundry, boots
and shoes, tin ware, marble work,
and various other smaller shops.
The
value of goods of all
annually manufactured is
$ 403,200. (See tables.)
Productions of the
Resources.
total
kinds
soil, $ 181,344; mechanical labor,
$ 95,800 money at interest, $ 45,
450 deposits in savings bank, $ 10,
334 stock in trade, $ 200,000 professional business, S 80,000
from
summer tourists, $ 10,000.
Churches and Schools.
Congregational, Rev. H. V. Emmons,
pastor Baptist, Rev. Kilburn Holt,
pastor; Methodist, Rev. Otis Cole,
;
;
;
;
;
;
pastor;
Unitarian, Rev.
Clark, pastor
;
Lyman
Catholic, Father I.
H. Noiseaux, priest. The foundation for an Episcopal church edifice is now (1873) being laid. There
appropriated for school purposes,
$ 3,181. There is quite a fund for
public schools. The whole number of scholars in town is 563.
Literary Institution. Lancaster
Academy is a flourishing institution, and holds three terms a year.
Libraries. Lancaster Puplic Library,
1,600
volumes;
Judge
W.
Ladd's private library, 1,200 vols
Hiram A. Fletcher Esq., 4,000
vols;
Ossian Ray, Esq., 1,200
vols; Jacob Benton, Esq. 1,000
vols; Col. H. O. Kent, 1,000 vols.
Bank. The County of Coos Savings Bank. (See tables.)
Newspapers. The Coos Republican and the Independent Gazette.
(See tables.)
Hotels.
Lancaster House and
American House. Total number
of arrivals, for the year, 6,000.
There is a livery stable attached
to each house.
First
Settlements.
Lancaster
was granted to Captain David
Page and others, July 6, 1763. Mr.
Page with his family, and in company with Edward Buckman and
Emmons Stockwell, made the
settlement, April 19, 1764.
first
The war of the revolution impeded the progress of the settlement
for fear of Indian incursions. All
but Stockwell left the settlement
and fled for safety to older towns
S.
he determined to stay and risk the
consequences. Many others were
induced to return through his courageous example, but the town did
not increase very rapidly having
only 161 inhabitants in 1790. It
originally
called " Upper
was
are fifteen schools in town, three
of which are graded; average
length for the year, thirty-one
Coos." From 1790 Lancaster has
been advancing steadily in population and wealth, and is now one
of the most important towns in tho
weeks; annual amount of money
State.
�219
LANDAFF.
Rev. Joseph
First Minister.
Willard installed in July, 1794
dismissed in 1822.
Boundaries.
North by Northumberland, east by Killkenney,
south by Jefferson, Whitefield and
Dal ton, and west by Guildhall and
Area, 23,480
Lunenburg, Vt.
area of improved land, 15,
acres
;
;
394 acres.
One hundred and
Distances.
miles
north of Concord.
(by railroad)
thirty-seven
this
town
in a northerly
and south-
erly direction.
Grafton County.
town
farmers
is
are
their labor.
The
soil of
very fertile, and the
well rewarded for
There are many
fine
as Landaff.
Rivers and Mountains. The wild
passes from southeast to north-west, through the
Amonoosuck
southerly part of the town, and the
Great Amonoosuck passes through
the north-westerly extremity.
These rivers afford some of the
best water privileges to be found
In the east part
is Landaff Mountain, in the centre
Cobble Hill, and in the west Bald
in the county.
which
the
are
principal
elevations.
Veins of Magnetic
Minerals.
iron ore have been discovered in
Cobble Hill.
Employments.
of the
and 450,000 clap-
880,000 shingles,
boards are annually produced.
Also 344 tons of potato starch are
annually manufactured, valued at
$44,200 using 75,000 bushels of
potatoes in its manufacture. Two
hundred tons of lime is annually
made, valued at $ 1,600 and 45,800
pounds of maple sugar manufactured.
soil,
$ 163,537
;
Productions of the
mechanical labor,
$18,100; stocks and money at in$26,150; deposits in savstock in trade,
ings banks, $ 759
$ 16,350 professional business &c,
terest,
;
$
farms under a high state of cultivation, producing excellent crops
of wheat, corn, oats, barley and
potatoes.
But one town in the
county produces as many potatoes
Hill,
lumbering.
boards &c,
;
LANDAFF.
this
of
feet
Resources.
Railroad. The White Mountain
extension of the Boston, Concord &
Montreal Railroad passes through
and
agriculture
in
2,950,000
A
inhabitants
large portion
are
engaged
10,000.
MethoChurches and Schools.
Church, Rev. Joseph E. Robbins, pastor Union society at Landaff centre, Rev. Albert Gordon,
pastor. There are ten schools in
town average length for the year,
seventeen weeks.
Landaff was
First Settlements.
granted January 3, 1764, to James
Avery and others, but the grantees
failing to comply with the conditions of the charter, it was declared
to be forfeited, and was then granted to Dartmouth College. After
the revolution, on the ground that
the adjudication of the forfeiture
was irregular the original grantees
set up their claims and several
dist
;
;
'
cases
were
finally the
tried
by the court, and
claims of the grantees,
were sustained.
Boundaries.
North by Lisbon,
east by Lincoln, south by Benton,
and west by Bath. Area,
acres; improved land, 14,071
29,200
acres.
miles
north-west from Concord, and
twelve north-east from Haverhill.
Distances.
Railroads.
Ninety-five
The White Moun-
�NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER.
220
tain (N. H.,)
Railroad passes
through this town, but the nearest
station is at Lisbon, three and one
town was named in honor of Governor Langdon, and was incorporated January 11, 1787.
First
half miles.
Minister.
A
Congrega-
Church was formed in 1792
Rev. Abner Kneeland, ordained in
tional
LANGDON.
Sullivan County.
Langdon is
and
high state of cultivation, producing
dismissed in 1810.
Boundaries. North by Charlestown, east by Acworth, south by
Alstead and Walpole, and west by
Walpole and Charlestown. Area,
excellent crops of corn, oats, hay
9,891 acres.
This town, for many years,
&c.
has been noted for its large, handsome cattle, and, in fact, everything pertaining to agriculture,
bears strong marks that farming
is not a secondary business with
Distances.
Fifty miles west
from Concord and eighteen southwest from Newport.
a small town, both
The
population.
in territory
soil is
very pro-
ductive, and many farms are under a
the inhabitants.
River.
A considerable branch
of Cold River passes in a southerly
direction through this town, and
unites with the main branch, near
the south line.
Employments. The inhabitants
are principally engaged in farming,
man
which
yields to the husband-
a rich reward.
In propor-
Langdon
the most wealthy farming town
tion to the population,
is
in the State
.
360,000 feet of boards
are annually sawed.
Productions of the
f74,800; mechanical labor,
$ 2,500 stocks and bonds, $ 6,700
money at interest, $22,626; deposResources.
soil,
;
its in savings
banks,
stock in trade, $ 3,500.
$28,098;
Churches and Schools.
Congre-
gational, Rev. Seth Hinkley, pas-
tor
;
Universalist,
.
There
are Ave schools; average length
for the year, twenty-one weeks.
Library.
The Union Library
has about ninety volumes.
First Settlers. Seth Walker, Nathaniel Rice and Jonathan Willard settled here in 1773.
The
1805
;
Railroad.
South Charlestown,
on the Sullivan Railroad, distant
three miles. Stage runs to Cold
River depot, and Bellows Falls.
LEBANOK.
Grafton County.
the largest
Lebanon is
and most important
town in Grafton county, in point
of wealth, manufactures and population, and ranks as the fifth town
in the county in the value of its ag-
ricultural products.
It is situated
on the Connecticut, and
is the
southern town in the county, on
the river. The town is noted for
the enterprising spirit of its inhabitants, and but few towns in the
State, have made more rapid progress in its manufactures and population for the past ten years,
having increased its population
fully one thousand, and doubled its
manufactured productions. The
surface is broken with hills, which
produce fine pasturage for cattle,
sheep, and horses. Many of the
hills, however, are capable of cultivation, and produce excellent
crops of wheat, corn, potatoes and
grass, while the fine intervals on
the Connecticut and Mascomy
yield abundant crops of corn, oatg
�LEBANON.
and grass.
Some of the finest
views of the Connecticut valley
can be obtained from some of the
farm fields in this town.
Rivers.
Besides the Connecticut,
221
goods manufactured
Cole,
Bugbee
employs 35
is
$700,000.
& Co's machine shop,
men
;
annual pay
roll,
$20,000; value of production of
water wheels, circular saw mills
Martin
$70,000.
machine shop, manu-
which washes
and
castings,
it is
Buck
&
its western borders,
watered by the Mascomy River, which passes nearly through the
centre of the town, in a westerly
direction, and* affords
some of
the
water power in the bounty.
its source from Mascomy
Lake, on the eastern border of the
town. At the outlet of the lake, is
a substantial dam, which regulates
finest
It has
the supply of water, thereby
mak-
ing it a reliable stream to erect
manufactories on. In its passage
of eight miles from the lake to the
Connecticut it falls nearly four
hundred
feet.
At the
Villages.
comy
lake,
is
Mas-
outlet of
situated the pleasant
of East Lebanon. At
this village is located W. O. Has-
little village
kell's establishment, for the
ufacturing of school furniture
man;
also
a mill for wood-working machinThere are several other small
ery.
shops, school house, post office,
and
twenty or thirty dwelling houses.
About four miles from East Lebanon on the Mascomy, is situated the
large manufacturing village of
Lebanon. The river, in its descent
through the village, (less than a
mile) has a fall of over one hundred feet. In this village, is located
the
celebrated
Sturtevant
Manufacturing Company, for the
manufacture of doors, sash, blinds,
chamber furniture, and finishing
for builders and contractors. It is
the largest establishment of the
kind in New-England.
They em-
ploy over 400 men and boys, who
annually receive for their labor,
$ 168,000, while the annual value of
Co.,
planers, mortising
chines &c. and employ 8 men
ma-
facture
annual production, $25,000 .« Shepard
;
Organ Company, employs 25 men,
annual production, $42,000. Granagricultural works, annually
manufacture 550 mowing machines,
valued at $ 44,000. Mascomy Edge
Tool Company annually make 2,300
dozen scythes, valued at $25,300.
Goodrich & Baker, stair builders,
and stair rails, products, $ 10,000.
Shaw, Hurlburt & Co., grist mill,
ite
annually grind, 65,000 bushels grain
all kinds, valued at $75,000.
There are also manufactured, carof
riages, $6,000; 3,500
dozen rakes,
$7,000; 1,000 dozen snaths, $7,200;
$5,000; soap, $5,000;
besides boots and shoes, tailors,
tin-workers, blacksmiths, house
printing,
carpenters, &c.
of goods
of all
The
total value
kinds
annually
manufactured in this village, is
estimated at over $ 1,100,000.
There is a handsome common
in the centre of the village, of an
area of two acres, neatly laid out
in walks, and beautifully shaded
with the elm and maple. Around
this common are located the principal business buildings and some
very fine residences. At the north
west corner of the common, on
the opposite side of the street, the
ground has been excavated for the
purpose of laying the foundation
for one of the largest hotels in the
There are between thirty
State.
and forty stores, of all kinds, two
hotels, four church edifices, three
�NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER.
222
school houses, twobanks,one newsoffice, telegraph and express
office, insurance offices, four lawyers, six physicians, and two den-
paper
tists,
besides various other profesThere are about
Although Leba-
Employments.
non
is
considered one of the best
farming towns in the State, still it
has to be ranked as a manufacturing and mercantile town, as the
and probusiness is more than
double that of all the farm produc-
sional businesses.
receipts for labor, trade
400 dwelling houses, and 2,500 inhabitants. West from the village,
fessional
on a
bluff, is to
be located the
new
tions in town.
The
capital invest-
cemetery.
There are some beautiful dells in these grounds, and
when they are laid out by the skillful hand of Kev. Mr. Downs, it
ed in manufactories
will be a lovely spot for the repose of the silent dead. There is
(See tables.)
Resources.
new
is $ 612,000.
employing 591 males and 45 females, and annually producing
goods to the value of $ 1,221,600.
Productions of the
$171,249; mechanical labor,
$314,800; stocks and bonds, $77,
high
school building at an expense of
$ 20,000. When all these new improvements are completed, the people of Lebanon can truly boast as
having one of the pleasantest vil-
stock in trade, $ 173,940 professional business, $95,000; from
lages in the State.
summer
being built (1873)
West Lebanon
a
village
is
situa-
ted on the Connecticut, opposite
White River Junction, and at the
terminus of the Northern (N. H.)
Railroad. It is one of the finest
little villages in
the State, and
becoming quite a resort
mer
tourists,
for
is
sum-
being near one of the
greatest railroad centres in
New-
England. A bridge over the Connecticut connects it with Hartford,
Vt. There are five or six stores,
of all varieties, one fine hotel,
church, school house, grist-mill,
lumber mill &c, and seventy-five
dwelling houses. The street, running parallel with the Connecticut
is handsomely shaded.
On a hill
back of the village, and overlooking the valley of the Connecticut
and on to the green hills of Vermont, is located Tilden Female
Seminary. No more lovely spot
for an institution of this character
can be found in this country. (See
Literary Institutions.)
soil,
900;
money
592
at interest, $94,195;
in savings
deposits
bank, $
155,
;
;
tourists,
$
2,000.
Churches and Schools. 1st Congregational,
Rev. Charles
A.
Downs, pastor; Methodist, Rev.
Charles E. Hall, pastor; Baptist,
Rev. H. F. Barnes, pastor Catholic, Rev. M. J. Goodwin, priest;
Universalist, no pastor
2d Con;
;
gregational,
(at
West Lebanon,)
Rev. A. B. Rich, D. D., pastor;
There is a Unitarian Society in
town.
There are twenty-two
schools, seven of which am graded
average length for me year,
twenty-three weeks total amount
annually appropriated for school
purposes,
value of
$4,570.70;
;
;
school houses, $30,000.
Literary
Female
Tilden
Institutions.
Seminary,
Prof.
Hiram
Orcutt, Principal.
Rev. C. A.
Cabinet.
Lebanon
Downs
village has the
variety of minerals
(it is
at
largest
said) of
any cabinet in the State.
Library.
sociation.
Lebanon Library As-
�223
LEBANON
Granite State Free
H. Cheney, Editor. (See
Newspaper.
Press, E.
tables.)
Banks. National Bank of Lebanon, and Lebanon Savings Bank.
(See tables.)
Lafayette Hotel, HamHotels.
ilton House.
Southworth's Hotel,
West Lebanon. There are five
livery stables at
horses,
with
and two
Lebanon with 53
at West Lebanon
the
first
Lebanon was
granted by Gov. Benning Wentworth to William Dana, John
Hanks, Daniel Blodgett, Samuel
Penhallow, John Storrs and 58 othThe town was
ers, July 4th, 1761.
to be six miles square, and the conditions of the charter were that
every grantee, for every fifty acres
in his share, should plant and cultivate five acres within five years,
and reserve all the pine trees fit
for masting for the royal navy;
that from a tract of land near the
centre of the town, every grantee
should have one acre as a town lot
that if demanded, one ear of Indian
corn should be paid as annual rent
for the space of ten years the tirst
rent to be paid Dec. 25, 1762. The
Governor reserved five hundred
acres for himself, as he did in all
town grants he made. Gov. John
;
his successor, disap-
He was
male child born.
born July 11, 1766. Sarah Jones,
born December 22d, 1764, was the
Among
first female child born.
other early settlers were Oliver
Davidson, Elijah Dewey, Jairus
Jones,
came
who
with their families,
in the
autumn of
aniel Porter, Silas
18 horses.
First Settlements.
Wentworth,
and Mrs. Downer the first
white woman who spent a night
in town. Thomas Waterman was
family,
Nath-
1763.
Waterman and
eleven others followed soon after.
After the Revolution, and Vermont had petitioned to the government to be received into the
an independent
Confederacy, as
State, many of the towns on this
side of the Connecticut wished to
There
were sixteen of these towns, of
which Lebanon was one, and so
earnest were they in their opinions
be united with Vermont.
they refused
to
delegates
send
which formed the constitution of
New-Hampshire. They received
no encouragement from Congress,
and, after their delegates had taken their seats in the Vermont Assembly, they wished their towns
to be set off into a separate county
this request was not granted, and
they
left
the
Thus ended
Assembly
the
in disgust.
first
secession
movement after the Revolution.
The first settlers were principally
pointed in not having these lands
willed to him, set aside all the titles of these lands in the State,
and granted them to the actual
from Lebanon, Connecticut hence
the present name.
First Minister. Mr. Treadway
upon them. Four persons
viz., William Dana, Levi Hyde,
Paul Estabrooks and one other,
ed here a few months in 1766.
A Congregational Church was esThe Rev.
tablished in 1771.
Isaiah Potter was ordained and
settlers
spent the second winter in this
town, near the mouth of White
river. William Downer with his
wife and eight children came on
July 11, 1763. This was the first
:
was the
first
minister,
installed pastor,
He
who
August
preach-
25,
1772.
died July 2d, 1817, having been
pastor of the church forty -five
years.
�NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER.
224
North by Hanover,
by Enfield, south by Plainfield
and west by Hartford, Vermont.
Area, 23,000 acres; area of improved land, 16,429 acres.
Boundaries.
east
Distances.
miles
Sixty-four
from Concord
five miles south from Dartmouth
College, and twenty-eight south
from Haverhill.
The Northern (N.
Railroad.
H.) railroad passes through this
town, in an easterly and westerly
direction.
There are three stations in town, viz., East Lebanon,
Lebanon, West Lebanon.
north-west, by
rail,
The
is
soil
hard,
but by careful cultivation, is made
very productive, and the farmers
are well rewarded for their efforts
&c.
Rivers and Ponds.
oats, bar-
ley,
It is
well
watered by Lamprey, Little, North
and Oyster Rivers. These rivers
furnish abundant water power.
Oyster River has its source from
Wheelwright Pond in the north
part.
This pond is the largest
body of water in town, covering
165 acres.
It is memorable on
account of a battle fought on its
shores, between a body of Indians
and two companies of rangers,
under Captains Floyd and Wiswell
in 1690,
Captain Wiswell and
twelve men lost their lives in this
engagement.
Employments. Agriculture is the
principal
habitants.
employment of the inThere are excellent
clay beds here, for the manufacture of brick, which is carried on
pretty extensively. 725,000 feet of
boards,
&c, and
Resources.
$ 63,895
soil,
$
Productions of the
mechanical labor,
stocks and money at in$ 28,732 deposits in savings
10,000
terest,
;
;
;
banks, $34,145; stock in trade,
$9,555; from summer tourists,
$2,000.
Churches and Schools.
gational church, Rev. J.
Congre-
W.
Lees,
Union church, Rev. A. G.
Cumings, pastor, There are seven
schools in town. Average length
pastor;
of schools for the year, nineteen
weeks.
Lee
Sunday
Hill
School Library, 700 volumes.
of Lee, in some portions,
by good crops of corn,
;
Libraries.
LEE.
Strafford County.
are annually sawed 6,000 pairs of
shoes, are annually manufactured.
160,000 shingles
Lee was origDurham, and was
First Settlements.
inally a part of
incorporated January
16, 1766.
Rev. Samuel
First Minister.
Hutchins, settled in 1792.
Boundaries. North by Barrington and Madbury, east by Durham, south by New Market and
Epping, and west by Nottingham
and Barrington.
Area, 11,625
acres
;
improved land,
8,993 acres.
Thirty-one
Distances.
miles
Concord and
twelve south-west from Dover.
Railroads. Four miles to NewMarket station. The Nashua and
Rochester Railroad, to be completed in 1874, will pass through this
south-east
from
town.
LEMFSTER,
Sullivan County. The surface
of Lempster is broken and uneven,
but the soil is fertile, and, by careful
cultivation,
is
made
to yield
good crops of wheat, corn, oats,
and potatoes.
This town
Rivers and Ponds.
is
well watered by numerous
small streams.
A branch of Su-
�225
LINCOLN.
gar River, and the south and -west
branches of Cold River, afford
conveniences for water machin-
Sand Pond
ery.
town and
lies partly in this
partly in
Marlow.
It is
Dodge
420 rods long and 70 wide.
Pond, near the centre, covers
about 50 acres, and, near the western boundary, is a pond 320 rods
the town is
long, and 80 wide,
very pleasantly situated, and, on
many
some
of
elevations,
its
affords
which
attracts
fine scenery,
the attention of tourists, who annually visit here, to spend a few
weeks
in the
summer.
Employments.
the principal
Agriculture is
of the
&c, and
1,160,000 feet of boards,
100,000 shingles are annually
saw-
200 dozen rakes are manufac-
ed.
tured, besides there is
one wheel-
and one harness shop.
pounds of maple sugar are
annually made.
wright
20,000
Resources.
Productions of the
$50,910; mechanical labor,
$ 12,600 stocks and money at indeposits in savterest, $ 10,225
ings banks, $21,456; stock in
soil,
;
;
trade, $3,600;
from summer tour-
$3,000.
ists,
Congre-
Churches and Schools.
gational Church, Rev.
John
he-,
Methodist church,
Rev. Geo. F. Wells, pastor; Uni-
bosquet, pastor
versalist,
schools,
;
There are
Average length of
.
nine schools.
for the
year,
nineteen
weeks.
Hotel.
Forest House.
Lempster
First Settlements.
was granted to Richard Sparrow
and sixty-one others, October 5,
Emigrants from Connecti1761.
cut
,
A
1831.
settled here in 1770.
Elias
Congregational church
in
November,
1761.
Boundaries.
North by Unity,
east by Goshen and Washington,
south by Marlow, and west by AcArea
worth. Area 21,410 acres.
of improved land, 11,359 acres.
Forty-two
miles
Distances.
west from Concord, and about
nine south-east from Newport.
Railroads. Nine miles, by daily
stage, to Newport, on the Sugar
The Windsor
River Railroad.
and Forest Line Railroad, if ever
built, will pass through this town.
L,INCOl,N.
manufacturing
carried on pretty extensively.
is
Rev.
Minister.
was organized
empl^ment
although
people,
First
Fisher, ordained in 1787, died in
Grafton County.
Lincoln is
one of the mountain towns in
Northern New-Hampshire, and a
great resort for visitors who are
White
the
through
traveling
Mountain region. It is estimated
that over eight thousand people
come within its borders annually.
The
scenery, in and around the
town, is grand and romantic in the
extreme. The views obtained from
the Flume House, are not surpassed
by any hotels in the mountains.
Directly in front
is
Mount
Liberty,
with the fancied resemblance to
the profile of George Washington.
On the north is the picturesque
notch, on the south the whole valley of the Pemigewassett is brought
to view with its pleasant intervals,
and the towering hills on either
side, the whole presenting views
of nature rarely excelled in this
The soil yields small
country.
owing to the early frosts
town is subjected to.
Rivers and Ponds. The middle
crops,
the
branch of Pemigewassett River,
having its source in Ferrin's pond,
�NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER.
226
in the south
part of Franconia,
town near the
passes through this
center.
Bog, Fish, and Loon
ponds are the principal bodies of
water.
The
inhabitants
are principally devoted to attend-
ing to the wants of tourists who
frequent the town in the summer.
Not over one thousand acres of the
land is improved.
Resources.
Productions of the
mechanical labor,
$6,878;
$ 1,500; deposits in savings banks,
soil,
from
summer
tourists,
$30,000.
There is one school in
average length for the year,
twenty-two weeks.
Hotels.
Flume House, Tuttle
House.
First
Organization.
Lincoln
was granted to James Avery, January 31, 1764.
The first settlement is not known. Incorporated
Schools.
town
and cultivated, prowhile the soil, on
the intervals and uplands is strong
and deep, affording many fine
erly fertilized
Employments.
$480;
in the value of its manufactured
productions the sixth.
The surface is uneven. The soil, on the
plain land, is light.but, when prop-
;
in 1764.
North by Franconia, east by ungranted lands, south
by Woodstock and west by LanBoundaries.
Area, 32,456 acres.
Dista?ices.
Eighty miles north
from Concord, and twenty east
from Haverhill.
Bail roads.
Nearest Railroad
daff.
is Plymouth,
by stage,
twenty-two miles, on the Boston
Concord and Montreal Railroad.
When completed, the Bristol
Branch and Montreal Railroads
will pass through this town.
station
LISBON.
Grafton County.
Lisbon is
one of the most important towns
in the county, both in point of agriculture, and as a manufacturing
town; ranking in agriculture as
the fourth
town
in the county
;
and
duces fine crops
;
farms, producing Excellent crops
of wheat, oats, potatoes and hay.
There are but two towns in the
county which produce as many
of wheat, and none as
bushels
many
potatoes.
River and Fond. Lower Ammonoosuc River runs in a south-west
direction through the whole ex-
Mink Pond
tent of the town.
in the southern part,
and, at
lies
its
some good water
outlet, furnishes
privileges.
Blueberry Mountain
Mountain.
the highest elevation.
is
Iron ore, in large
Minerals.
quantities, is found in the south-
eastern part.
Most of the ore
which supplied the Franconia furnace was mined in this locality.
Gold, in a quartz form, is found in
various localities in Lisbon and
vicinity.
There
is
now
(1873)
one
quartz mill, for gold, in operation
which
meeting with good sucunder the supervision
of Prof. J. H. Rae. There is other
is
cess.
It is
quartz in town which, when pulverized, makes an excellent fertilizer.
It
is
" Stevens'
called
Mineral Fertilizer."
Limestone,
in considerable quantities, is found
in various parts. The future prospects of Lisbon, in point of mineral wealth, look very flattering.
On the Ammonoosuc,
midway between Wells Riv-
Villages.
about
er
and
Littleton,
is
located the
busy manufacturing village of Lisbon.
The B.
C.
& M.
Railroad,
�LISBON.
passes the village, which affords
it
excellent
railroad
facilities.
Here are establishments
for the
227
tourists.
their
Over two hundred, spend
summer
vacation here.
Employments. Agriculture
is
the
employment of the peo-
manufacture of carriages, (on an
principal
extensive scale,) potato starch,
piano sounding-boards, boxes, kits,
excelsior, bobbins, shoe pegs, and
various other smaller shops, too
numerous to mention. There are
also one church, a fine school
house, fifteen or twenty stores of
various kinds, one hotel, express
and telegraph office, post office,
one lawyer, five physicians, two
dentists, three insurance agents,
ple, but, as
and some other professional busiIt is a very pleasant village,
and some of the business buildings
and private residences, are fine
ness.
structures.
Sugar Hill is a pretty, village
on a commanding -eminence of the same name, in the
eastern part of the town. Here is
one church edifice, owned jointly
by the Freewill Baptists and Adsituated
ventists, a fine
town
hall,
which
is
occupied for election purposes, by
the town, on alternate years, (a
similar hall located in Lisbon village, proper, being used half the
time) a carriage, blacksmith, and
shoe shop, a general store, one or
two
forty
and some thirty or
dwellings, with two or three
groceries,
summer boarding houses.
Summer Resorts. The village
can be seen, manufacturing and mercantile trade, is an
important
branch
of
business.
3,500 bushels of wheat, 26,000 bushels oats, 11 1,000
bushels of potatoes,
4,500 tons hay, 40,000 lbs. of but-
cheese, and 30,000
maple sugar, are annually
produced, There are also manuter, 12,000 lbs.
lbs.
factured, 200 tons of potato starch,
valued at $ 23,000; 20,000 bushels
shoe pegs, 100,000 rough bobbins,
valued at $19,000; 38,000 bushels
grain ground, valued at $55,000;
1,800,000 feet of lumber, of all
kinds, valued at $21,900; besides
carriages, piano sounding-boards,
boxes, excelsior, Stevens' mineral
fertilizer, quartz mills also blacksmith, shoe shop, tin shops, &c.
The whole amount of goods annually manufactured, is estimated
at $ 280,900.
Productions of the
Resources.
soil, $194,017; mechanical labor,
;
$61,000; money at interest, $57,
670; deposits in savings banks,
$8,224;
from
stock in trade, $52,770;
summer
tourists,
$8,000;
professional business, $ 50,000.
MethChurches and Schools.
Rev. J. H. Brown, pastor;
Freewill Baptist, Rev. John
Chamberlin, pastor; Advent, (Su
gar Hill) Rev. J. II. Shipman,
pastor. There are eleven schools
Average length of
in town.
schools for the year, seventeen
weeks. Total amount of money
annually appropriated for school
odist,
is
surrounded by a farming community, which is unsurpassed by
Northern New-Hampany in
shire.
It is but a short distance
from the White Mountains and
Franconia Hills; being but 15
miles to the Profile House, and 35
The
to the Crawford House.
beautiful scenery about town, and
pleasant views and drives make it
a desirable locality for summer
M
purposes, $ 1,996.64.
Library. Lisbon Village Libra-
ry Association, 1,000 volumes.
Hotel.
Ammonoosuc House.
�NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER.
228
stocks and bonds, $ 21,20f
Lisbon was
First Settlements.
granted to Joseph Burt and others,
August 6, 1763, under the name of
" Concord."
November 20, 1768,
it was again granted to Leonard
$45,500
Whiting and others, under the
name of "Gunthwait." Soon after,
its former name was resumed, and
One
Churches and
Schools.
Presbyterian Church, valued at
$8,000; There are four schools;
average length for the year, thirty
weeks. There is one private Library of over 400 volumes.
First Settlement. This town was
originally a part of Nashua, and
called Natticutt or Brent* n\ F-<—i
It was incorporated by Massachusetts in 1734, and chartered by
New-Hampshire, June, 5, 1749.
The first setlement was commenced in 1720. Hon. Wyseman Clag-
retained until
ceived
its
1817,
it
re-
Elder Josiah
Minister.
First
when
present name.
Juimby was ordained in 1800.
North by Littleton
Boundaries.
and Bethlehem, east by Franconia,
south by Landaft", and west by Lyman. Area, 29,130 acres; area
improved land, 17,417 acres.
Twenty miles north-
Distances.
from Haverhill, and eightynine miles north from Concord.
Boston, Concord &
Railroads.
Montreal Railroad passes, in a
north-easterly and south-westerly
direction through the town.
east
LITCHFIKID.
Hillsborough County.
Litch-
a small but wealthy town,
situated on the east side of Merrifield is
mack
The
River.
soil is rich,
and
very productive, the farmers receiving a good return for their labor, and a ready market, in Nashua or Manchester, for their sur-
But few farming
plus products.
districts
in the State
offer
more
encouraging inducements, to the
farmer, than this town.
Employments.
Farming is the
employment of the
principal
habitants;
the
eighty
in-
men who
own, or help to cultivate the soil,
receive annually over six hundred
dollars
Aboul
all
each,
for
their
1,700,000, feet of
labor.
lumber, of
kinds, are annually sawed.
Productions of the
Resources.
soil,
$ 46,527
;
mechanical labor,
money
its
;
$
at interest,
10,400
;
depos
in savings bank, $86,118; stoci
$
in trade,
tourists,
ett,
$
10,595
;
from sumuiei
2,000.
a native of England, came to
this country before the Revolution,
and died in
this
town.
He
held
several important offices, under the
crown, and was attorney-general
under the provincial and State
governments.
Rev. Joseph
First Ministers.
Tufts, Congregational; ordained
Rev.
in 1741; dismissed in 1744.
Samuel Cotton, ordained in 1765;
Rev. Enoch
dismissed in 1784.
Pillsbury, settled in 1815;
died in
1818.
North and east by
Boundaries.
Londonderry, south by Hudson,
and west by Merrimack River.
Area, 7,426, acres.
Twenty-eight miles
Distances.
south from Concord, ten south
from Manchester, eight north from
Nashua, and eight east from Amherst.
Railroad. Concord and Nashua
Railroad runs past Litchfield on
the west side of the river.
The
railroad depot is reached at Thornton's Ferry one half mile from the
centre of the town.
�229
LITTLETON.
LITTLETON.
Grafton County.
Littleton
ranks in the State as the twentythird town, in wealth, and in population the fourteenth in the county
in wealth and population, the second, and value of manufactures
the third. In the value of its agricultural productions it ranks as
;
of the White Mountains Railroad,
in and through the village, it has
taken rapid strides in all branches
of business, and has now become
one of the principal marts in the
northern section of the State. The
manufactures are various and valuable, consisting of
woolen goods,
foundry,
machinery,
furniture,
and in
sash and blinds, tin ware, lumber,
leather, boots and shoes, steroscop-
on the
banks of the rivers are some very
views, carriages, starch, washing machines, churns, scythes,
photographing, printing, harnesses, and various other mechanical
the
fifth
town
in the State,
the county as the second.
The surface is uneven;
excellent interval lands, and the
soil, generally, through the town,
is
strong,
and well adapted
to
til-
lage or grazing, and produces the
various kinds of grasses and other
farm productions
in
abundance.
Many
ic
works.
and
There are between
thirty
forty stores, of all kinds,
banks, three
high school
churches, a
two
large
large
building, two
two livery stables and one
eating house. There are besides,
seven lawyers, six physicians and
of the farms indicate that
the husbandman's labor is attended with good returns in the form
hotels,
of an excellent harvest and a year-
dentists,
ly increased value of his
farm
in-
vestment.
Hivcrs.
also, telegraph, express,
and various other ofand about three hundred
It is an imdwelling houses.
insurance
fices,
The Connecticut River
washes the north-western border
of the town, for nearly thirteen
miles. Fifteen Mile Falls extend
whole distance, running in
foaming waves for miles together,
the
which renders
impossible to ascend or descend, in safety, with
boats.
The river runs for this
distance in a south-west direction.
Ammonoosuc River passes through
the southern part of the town, and
it
some fine water privileges,
many of which are utilized.
affords
Mountains.
Black, Iron, Parkand Eustace Mountains are
er's
considerable, and the principal elevations in town.
portant point for visitors to or
from the White Mountains, and,
owing to its pleasant location
among the hills, it has become a
popular resort for tourists, and
nearly five hundred spend a por
tion of the
summer months
beautiful village, and
its
in this
environs.
But few villages can boast
enterprise and business
more
than can be
seen
in
of
life
Littleton.
Many
of the stores, in quality and
value of goods, or in appearance,
will compare favorably with some
of the fine stores to be seen in
Concord, Manchester, and other
About four miles east
from the Connecticut, and on the
New-Hampshire cities. Its future
prospects look quite as flattering
as those of any of the growing
Ammonoosuc river, is situated the
large and enterprising village of
towns in the State.
The inhabitants
Employments.
Since the introduction
are nearly equally divided in their
Village.
Littleton.
�NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER.
230
vocations, with agriculture on one
side
and
manufacturing,
trade
and professional business on the
other.
art-
1,100,000 yards of flannel
annually manufactured 700,000
;
clapboards, 1,500,000 shingles, and
4,220,000 feet of boards
and dimen-
sion timber sawed, $5,000 worth
of leather tanned, 300,000 stero-
scopic views made, $ 12,000 worth
of machinery, 1,500 dozen scythes,
$4,000 worth of churns, 160 tons
of starch, besides various other
mechanical
mentioned.
works
The
heretofore
total value
Rand, 550 volumes; Wm.
volumes; Charles
Hartshorn, 500 volumes James J.
Barrett, 500 volumes; Dr. H. L.
Watson, 450 volumes; Dr. T. E.
Sanger, 425 volumes; Rev. C. E.
Milliken, 400 volumes; James R.
Jackson, 400 volumes.
Newspaper.
White Mountain
Republic, G. C. Furber, Editor
and Proprietor.
Hotels.
Thayer's Hotel and
Union House; arrivals the past
season, 4,500; hotels valued at
C.
W.
J. Bellows, 550
;
of
kinds of goods annually manufactured is about $ 576,000.
$32,500.
all
Banks.
Littleton
National
Bank, and Littleton Savings Bank.
Resources. Annual productions
of the soil, $226,145; manufacturing labor, $ 98,000
carpenters,
(See tables.)
masons, &c, $ 18,000; stocks, &c,
ton,
$65,700; money at interest, $81,
920; deposits in savings banks,
$13,876; stock in trade, $76,575;
January 18, 1770, it
was granted under the name of
Apthorp, and included Dalton. In
from summer
November, 1784, it was divided
and the towns of Littleton and
Dalton incorporated. Capt. Nathan Caswell came to Littleton
about 1774, and was the first permanent settler.
;
$ 30,000
and
tourists,
professional business,
trade
transportation, $ 100,000.
Churches and
Congre-
Scliools.
gational Church, Rev. C. E. Milliken, pastor, tuernbers, 150, church
value,
$6,000; Methodist, Rev.
George Beebe, pastor, members,
150, church value, $ 7,500 Freewill
;
Rev. E. Gilford, pastor,
members, 60, church value, $6,000.
There are twenty-one schools in
town, five of which are graded.
Baptist,
Average length of schools for the
year, twenty weeks total amount
;
annually appropriated for school
purposes, $4,052.80;
value of
school-houses and school lots, $40,
000. There is a high schoo} which
gives
the scholars of this
excellent school advantages.
town
In November,
including Little-
First Settlements.
1764, the territory
was granted under
the
name
of Chiswick.
First Church.
A
Congregational
Church was organized in 1803.
Rev. Drury Fairbanks settled here
in 1820.
Boundaries.
North-west by
Concord and Waterford, Vermont,
by Dalton, south-east
by Bethlehem, and south-west by
Lisbon, Lyman and Monroe.
Total area, 36,000 acres
area of improved lands, 17,637 acres.
Distances. One hundred miles
north-west from Concord, and
thirty north from Haverhill.
north-east
;
Railroads.
The White Moun-
Prof. F. Hutchins, Principal.
Libraries.
Littleton
Village
tain Railroad passes through the
Social
The
Library,
1,036
volumes;
south-east portion
of the
town.
inhabitants expect that
the
�LONDONDERRY.
& Ogdensburgh Railroad,
Portland
,
when
eonrpleted, will pass through
Littleton.
$
33,300
Rockingham County. There
is
waste land in this
town. There are no hills, swamps,
nor stagnant water of any extent.
money
at interest, and
$15,700; deposits in savbanks, $145,614; stock in
ings
ists,
but very
;
stocks,
$ 6,600
trade,
LO>DONDEKRY.
231
$
;
from summer tour-
$1,000; professional business,
12,000.
and very easy of cultivation. But
one town in the county excels it in
Churches and Schools. PresbyRev. "William House, pastor; number of members, 150;
Methodist, Rev. J. A. Steele, pastor number of members, 75 Baptist,
Total church valua-
the value of
tion,
The
ucts.
little
soil is
unusually productive,
its
agricultural prod-
The farms are
pleasantly lo-
cated, on gentle swells, with inter-
vening vales, which present a
beautiful farm scenery, rarely excelled by any farming country in
New-England. Located on a slight
elevation, is a pleasant village and
the center of considerable trade.
Streams and Po?ids. The prinstream in town is Beaver
River, having its source in Beaver Pond, a fine body of water,
in the form of a circle, about three
cipal
hundred rods in diameter, and
about one mile north-east from the
village.
Scoby's Upper, and Lower and Shield's Ponds, lie about
three miles north-west from Beaver Pond.
On the streams issuing
from these ponds, are some valuameadows, producing excellent
ble
crops of grass, &c.
Employments. The inhabitants
are generally devoted to agriculture.
Over
8,000 bushels of corn,
and barley,
and 3,000 tons of hay are annually
produced also, over 200,000 quarts
of milk are annually sold. Con5,000 bushels of oats
;
siderable attention
is
paid to the
manufacturing of sale boots and
shoes; over 84,000 pairs are annually manufactured.
Resources.
Productions of the
soil, $146,704; mechanical labor,
terian,
;
;
.
$
18,000.
are eleven schools in
average length for the year,
twenty-two weeks.
Amount of
money annually appropriated for
school purposes, $1,925.20; value
of school houses, $ 5,750.
Library.
Londonderry Public
Library, 150 volumes.
Thex*e
town
;
First Settlers. Londonderry was
one of the first settled towns in the
State, and her sons and daughters,
to-day, look back with pride upon
their
first
forefathers,
who were
settlers of this
the
ancient and
noble town.
They were distinguished for their sobriety, industry, intelligent, prudent, and sound
judgment, and natural ability.
For a brief history of the first settlement, we can give none better
than a few extracts from Hayward's Gazetteer.
" Londonderry, which formerly
included the present town of Derry, was settled in 1719, by a colony
of Presbyterians, from the vicinity
of the city of Londonderry, in the
north of Ireland, to which place
their
ancestors had emigrated
about a century before, from Scotland.
They were a part of 120
chiefly from three parwho, with their religious
families,
ishes,
instructors,
land in the
came to New-Engsummer of 1718. In
�NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER.
232
October, 1718, they applied to the
James
government of Massachusetts
the grant of a township, and
for
II., A. D. 1688-9. He afterwards relinquished a military Hfe
re-
for the
ceived assurance that a grant
should be made them, when they
should select a place, for its loAfter some time spent
viewing the country, they se-
cation.
in
comtown of Londonderry,
lected the tract afterwards,
prising the
at first
known by
the
name
of
clerical
profession.
He
possessed a strong mind, marked
by a considerable degree of eccentricity.
He died January 25, 1735,
and was borne to the grave;, at his
particular request, by his former
companions in arms, of whom
was a considerable number
there
among
the early settlers of this
whom had been
from taxes throughout
the British Dominions, by King
Nuffield.
town, several of
In 1719, sixteen families, accompanied by Rev. James McGregore,
one of the clergymen who had emigrated from Ireland with them,
took possession of the tract, and,
made
on the day of their arrival, attended religious services and a sermon
under an oak on the east shore of
Beaver Pond. The inhabitants of
Londonderry, in 1720, purchased
the Indian
and, although
title;
it
was long a frontier town, they were
never molested by the Indians.*
They introduced
the culture of the
potato, a vegetable
known
till
then un-
New-England, and the
manufacture of linen cloth, which,
though long since declined, was,
for
in
many
years,
officer in
the army, and
distin-
guished himself in the defense of
city of Londonderry, when
besieged by the army of King
the
* This land was conveyed to the Rev. John
Wheelwright, May 10, 1629, by four Indian
Sagamores. It was deeded to the inhabitants
of Londonderry, by Col. John Wheelwright,
grandson of the Rev. John Wheelwright, in
1720.
William, for their bravery in that
siege.
A company of
seventy men from this town, under the command of Capt. George
Reid, were in the battle of Breed's
Hill, and about the same number
were in that at Bennington, in
which Capt. David Mc Clary, one
of their citizens, a distinguished
and brave officer, was killed.
Major General John Stark and
Colonel George Reid, officers of
the army of the Revolution, were
natives of this town.
Londonderry has produced many other
memorable
distinguished men.
The town was incorporated June
a considerable
source of their early prosperity.
A portion of this town, in 1828,
was taken to form the pleasant
town of Derry. Rev. Matthew
Clark, second minister of Londonerry, was a native of Ireland,
who had, in early life, been an
free
21, 1722.
North by Manchesand Auburn, east by Derry
and Windham, south by Hudson
and west by Litchfield. The origBoundaries.
ter
inal area of this
acres
;
but
town was
Windham,
64,000
parts
of
Manchester and Derry, have been
taken off, and formed into separate towns, and its present area
less than 25,000 acres.
The
area of improved land is 11,710
is
acres.
Twenty-four miles
Concord, six southwest from Manchester and twentythree south-west from Exeter.
Distances.
south from
�233
LOUDON.
The
Railroads.
and
Lawrence
Manchester
passes
Railroad
through the north-east section of
1870.
the town.
Merrimack County.
soil,
Loudon
has an uneven surface which rises
swells,
Productions of the
§186,307; mechanical labor,
$8,000; stocks and money at interest, $ 43,440 deposits in savings
banks, $94,347; stock in trade,
Resources.
LOUDON.
in
wealth and happiness, and the population has been gradually decreasing from 1638 in 1860, to 1282 in
and affords excellent
and grazing. It ranks as
the third town in the county in the
value of its agricultural products.
There are some fine farms, under a
;
tillage
$6,300.
Along
high state of cultivation.
the banks of the river are some
CongreN. Stone, pastor
Freewill Baptist, Rev. Mr. Brooks,
pastor; Methodist, Rev. A. R.
Lunt, pastor. There are fourteen
schools, two of which are graded.
Average length of schools for the
(See
year, twenty-three weeks
fine interval lands.
Soucook River, runRivers.
ning in a south-easterly direction
through the town, is the principal
stream, and affords some very
good water power which is im.
proved to some extent.
Employments. The inhabtiants
are generally engaged in agriculture. But two towns in the county
raise as
many
bushels
of
corn,
and none as much wheat, or as
many pounds of maple sugar.
35,000 pounds of butter are annually
produced, 40,000 shingles, 565,000
feet of boards and dimension timber annually sawed, hubs, spokes
and axe helves, $2,000; 1,800
bushels grain ground, and leathHaving Coner tanned $ 25,000.
cord for a ready market for all
the surplus productions, many of
the farmers have become quite
wealthy, and but few farming
towns in the State have a more
thrifty and prosperous appearance; but like many other NewHampshire farming towns, for
many years their sons have been
receiving that education which creates an uneasy feeling and a mistaken idea, that there are better
fields in the West to secure more
Churches and Schools.
gational, Rev. B.
tables.)
Hotel.
Mc Lellan
First Settlement.
House.
The
first
set-
tlement was commenced here in
1760, by Moses Ordway, Abraham
It was
and Jethro Batchelder.
formerly a part of Canterbury,
from which it was taken and incorporated under the name of
Loudon, January
First
Minister.
23, 1773.
A
Congrega-
was established in
1784; Rev. Jedediah Tucker was
settled over the Church in 1789,
tional society
dismissed in 1809.
by
North-west
Boundaries.
Canterbury, north-east by Gilmanton,
south-east by Pittsfield and
Chichester, and south-west by ConArea
cord. Area, 28,257 acres.
of improved land, 19,180 acres.
Distances. Ten miles north-east
from Concord.
Railroads.
Six miles to Pitts-
on Suncook Valley
Railroad, and ten miles to Concord
station. If the Concord and Rochfield
station,
is ever
expected to pass through
ester projected Railroad
built, it is
this
town.
�NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER.
234
EYIWAN.
Grafton County. The
of this
town
is
station.
LYME.
Grafton County.
higli cultivation.
Ponds, River and Mountain.
There are several ponds, through
the largest of which flows Burnham's River. There is a considerelevation
called Lyman's
able
Mountain.
Employments.
the general
people.
16
uneven, but the
generally good, producing
fair crops of grain and grass.
Many of the farms are well tilled,
soil is
and under
Agriculture
is
employment of the
2,300 bushels wheat, 3,000
corn, 12,000 oats,
from Concord, and
north from Haverhill.
Railroad. Five miles to Lisbon
102 miles north
surface
and 42,000 bush-
The Con-
necticut River washes the west-
ern border of this town.
The
tervals are not as large as in
in-
many
other towns, on the river, but the
uplands are much better than they
average, in the river towns. Lyme
considered as one of the best
farming towns in the Connecticut
valley, in this State. It has been
is
many
celebrated for
years for
its
wheat and corn crops, and
its numerous and superior flocks
of sheep.
It is excelled by no
town in the State in its number,
and value of sheep. Considerable
annually proThere are two potato
duced.
starch mills annually manufacturing 84 tons starch, valued at $8,
400; 350,000 feet boards sawed,
besides cooper and other small
mechanical shops.
Resources.
Productions of the
mechanical labor,
soil, $ 109,430
attention has been given by the inhabitants to the agricultural interest of the town, for a few years
past, with decided effects for the
$ 6,200 money
better.
els of potatoes are
;
$
15,500
in savings bank,
§ 251
;
deposits
at interest,
stock in trade, $ 3.870.
Churches and Schools.
Union,
Rev. A. R. Russell, pastor. There
are seven schools in town.
Aver-
age length of schools for the year,
twenty weeks.
First Settlements. The western
portion of Lyman was disannexed
and the town of Monroe constituted July 13,1854.
ed November
persons,
Lyman
10,
It
was
grant-
1761, to several
among whom
Daniel
was conspicuous, and
from him the township received
its name.
Boundaries. North by Littleton,
east by Lisbon, south by Bath, and
west by Monroe.
Area of improved land, 10,363 acres.
Distances. By cars from Lisbon,
large
There are two small
Villages.
villages;
the principal village
pleasantly situated, and
for the neatness
is
is
noted
and order which
generally prevail.
Streams and Ponds.
There are
three small streams passing through
the town and discharging into the
Connecticut. There are two small
ponds, the largest of which is call-
ed Port's Pond.
Elevations.
elevations, the
of which
is
There are several
most considerable
called Smart's
Moun-
tain.
Minerals.
Beds of lime-stone,
of the granular crystaline variety,
with which are large quantities of
garnet, with crystals of hornblende
are found in several localities.
A
very curious mixture of granular
�LYNDEBOROUGH.
quartz with carbonate of lime has
been discovered, and is valued
highly for the manufacture of plate
Specimens of
or window glass.
black tourmaline have been found
in different parts; some of the
specimens are very handsome.
Employments.
The inhabitants
are principally engaged in agriculture.
Over 9,000 sheep are kept;
11,000 bushels of corn and 3,000
bushels of wheat, are annually produced; and 20,000 lbs. of maple
sugar, arc made.
130,000 shingles,
1,400,000, feet of boards,
&c, and
50 tons of potato starch, are annually
One
manufactured.
mill, valued at
$
6,000,
grist-
annually
grinds 14,000 bushels of grain, val-
ued at $
16,000.
Agricultural prod-
Resources.
mechanical labor,
8 10,300 stocks and bonds, $ 3,785
money at interest, § 43,500 deposits in savings bank, $ 34,082
stock in trade, 8 21,425 from summer tourists, $ 1,000.
Churches and Schools. Congregational Church, 282 members, Rev.
Henry A. Hazen, pastor in 1870;
Baptist, Rev. L. M. Wheeler, pastor.
There are fourteen districts,
and fifteen schools average length
for the year, twenty weeks.
Library. Lyme Social Library
has 2,800 volumes.
ucts,
$
199,204
;
;
;
;
;
Hotel.
" Kent's Hotel."
Walter Fairfield,
John and William Sloan, and othFirst Settlers.
ers settled here in 1764. Incorporated July 8, 1761, and granted
to Theodore Atkinson.
First Minister.
Rev. William
Connat, Congregational, settled in
1783; died in 1810.
Boundaries. North by Orford,
east by Dorchester, south by Hanover, and west by Thetford, Ver-
235
mont. Area, 28,500 acres;
of improved land, 18,266.
acres
miles
Fifty-four
Distances.
north-west from Concord, and
twenty south from Haverhill.
Railroad.
No Railroad passes
through this town, but it is well
connected by stages four times daily with the railway at West Thetford Depot.
LYNDEBOROUGH,
Hillsborough County.
The
Lyndeborough is elevated. The soil is deep and strong.
The pasturage is unequaled by any
town in the county.
Mountain and Streams. Centre
Mountain of considerable hight,
divides the town from east to west.
situation of
The streams are small, originating mostly from springs within the
On
town.
mountain
the plain below the
in the north-east part, is
a very pleasant (though small) village, situated on the banks of Piscataquoag River.
Employments. The inhabitants
are generally engaged in farming.
About 10,000 clapboards, 240,000
shingles and 625.000 feet of boards
&c., are annually sawed.
The
Lyndeborough Glass Company, obtown
from which are made, fruit jars
and all kinds of glass bottles. 50
hands are employed.
tain their quartz rock in this
Resources.
prodmechanical labor,
stocks and money at inAgricultural
ucts $113,484;
$ 26,000
$ 7,850
;
deposits in savings
bank, $29,879; stock in trade, $15,
terest,
;
from summer tourists, $ 2,500.
Summer Resorts. The elevated
075
;
position of this town, has caused
many lovers of New-Hampshire
scenery, to spend their
vacation here.
summer
�236
NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER.
Churches and Schools.
CongreGeorge Smith, pastor; Baptist. Rev. E. J. Whittemore, pastor. There are ten public schools
average length for the
year, sixteen weeks.
Libraries. There are two public libraries, " Franklin" Library,
500 volumes South Lyndeborough
Library, 300 volumes.
First Settlements.
This town
was granted by Massachusetts to
Captain Samuel King and fifty-nine
gational, Rev.
;
;
others,
who were engaged
in the
Canada expedition in 1690.
was called " Salem Canada,"
the reason that
many
of those
It
for
who
belonged to the expedition were
Salem.
Benjamin Lynde,
Esq., purchased a large portion of
the township and adjoining lands,
from
in 1753,
and
name from
it received its present
him. It was incorpor-
ated April 23. 1764. The names
of the earliest settlers were, Put-
nam, Chamberlain and Cram.
First Ministers.
Rev.
John
Rand, (Congregational) settled in
1757, dismissed in 1763; Rev. Se-
Lyndeborough,
when completed
in the fall of 1873.
MADBritV.
Strafford County.
face
The
sur-
generally even and the soil
productive. In the valleys it consists of a portion of clay, on the
uplands, a mixture of sand and
is
loam.
Much
of this land
lent for hay, of
is
excel-
which large ciop
are annually produced.
Streams and Pond.
extreme
Its
southeasterly point extends to the
tide-water, on or near the Piscata-
Bellamy Bank River, coming from Barrington and passing
through the northeasterly part of
Madbury, is the only stream of
note; and Barbadoes Pond is the
principal body of water.
qua.
Minerals. Bog iron ore, and red
and yellow ochre, in considerable
quantities, are found in several
localities.
Employments. The people are
almost exclusively devoted to agriculture. Dover, three miles distant, affords an excellent market
wall Goodrich, settled in 1768,
died in 1809.
Boundaries.
North by Green-
for the disposal of their surplus
productions.
Francestown and New-Boston, east by Mount Vernon and
Milford, south by Milford, Wilton
and Temple, and west by Temple
and Greenfield.
Area,
20,760
tions, $50,980; stocks
and money
at interest, $14,746;
deposits in
field,
acres.
Dista?ioes.
miles
eighteen
Thirty-five
south from Concord,
north-west from Nashua, twenty
south-west from Manchester, and
ten north of west from Amherst.
Railroads.
Three and one half
miles to Wilton depot.
A daily
stage connects the railroad with
this town. The Peterborough and
Wilton Railroad will pass through
Resources.
Agricultural produc-
savings banks, $ 60,593.
Churches and Schools.
gational, Rev.
M.
Congre
Leese, pastor.
There are four schools, of which
only one averages twelve scholars
through the year. Average length
of schools through the year, nineteen weeks.
First Settlement.
Madbury was
originally a part of Dover,
and
its
connected with the
history of that ancient town.
It
was incorporated May 31, 1775,
and at that date contained a popuearly history
is
�MADISON
lation of 677.
In
—MANCHESTER.
had 408
1870, it
237
are generally engaged in agricul-
There is considerable manufacturing and trade in town, be-
ture.
inhabitants.
Rev. Samuel
Hyde commenced preaching in
1758, and remained till 1770 Rev.
Eliphaz Chapman preached from
First Ministers.
;
mining
sides the
There
interest.
are about 12,000 pairs of shoes annually manufactured, and clothing
1771 to 1773.
to the value of
Boundaries. This is a small, triangular-shaped town, and is bounded north-east by Dover, south-west
by Durham and Lee, and northwest by Barrington. Area, 7,600
$ 20,000,
made.
(See tables.)
Resources.
acres
;
improved land,
4,600 acres.
miles
Thirty -six
north-east from Concord, and three
south from Dover.
Railroad.
Boston and Maine
Railroad passes through the eastern part of the town in a northerly
and southerly direction.
Distances.
MADISON.
Carroll County.
The
.
surface
uneven, but the soil is generally
good, producing fine crops of corn,
is
oats
and potatoes.
Pond.
Six-Mile Pond
principal body of water.
is
the
It is four
miles long and about one mile
wide. Its waters flow into Ossipee
Lake.
Minerals. There is a zinc and
lead mine, and a lead and silver
mine in this town. The Carroll
County Lead and Zinc Mining
Company1 were extensively working these mines in 1870.
date, the
At that
company employed twen-
ty-two men.
Eleven
men were
in
mine and eleven were above
ground.
The depth of tunnel is
seventy feet. The annual amount
the
of product, 23,475 grains of silver,
1094 tons lead, and 3273 tons zinc,
valued at $ 46,360.
For some reahave ceased
son, their operations
for the present.
Employments.
The
inhabitants
ucts,
is
Agricultural prod$78,478; mechanical labor,
$ 30,800
money
;
at interest,
$
2,
banks,
$13,447; stock in trade, 85,613;
424;
deposits
from summer
Summer
quite
a
in
savings
$ 10,000.
Madison
tourists,
Resort.
resort for
all
is
lovers of
New-Hampshire summer
scenery.
There are about five hundred visitors, who spend a part Or the
whole of their vacation in this
town.
Freewill
Churches and ScJwols.
Baptist Church, Elder A. C. Peasley, pastor. There are nine schools.
Average length of schools for the
year, eighteen weeks.
Churchill House, and
Hotels.
Madison House.
Town Organization. Madwas taken from the western
portion of Eaton, and incorporated
as a town, December 17, 1852.
First
ison
Boundaries.
east by
North by Albany,
Conway and Eaton, south
by Freedom, and west by Tarnworth and Albany. Acres of improved land, 6,232.
Distances.
miles
Sixty-four
from Concord,
twenty north from Ossipee.
north-east
Railroad.
Falls and
through
Portsmouth,
Conway Railroad
this
and
Great
passes
town.
MANCHESTER.
Hillsborough County. A city,
and part shire town of the county.
But few towns in New-England or
�NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER.
238
in this nation, have made such
rapid progress in population, manufacturing and wealth, for the past
as Manchester. It
value of cotton and
cloths manufactured, as
thirty years,
i*anks, in
woolen
its
the fourth city in the United States,
New-Hampshire.
Forty years ago, where the city
now stands, there was but a hamlet, and the only noise to break
the stillness of the quiet, was the
waters of the Merrimack, as they
thundered over the falls, and for
ages had been waiting to assist
and as the
man
to
drama
first in
do
its
part in the great
of creation's
work
;
is
now
a great city of nearly thirty thousand people, and the busy hum of
life is heard through the buzz of
its
200,000 spindles, the clatter of
and the bustle of
business
through its crowded
streets, from morn till night.
Unlike Lowell, Lawrence, and many
its
5,000 looms,
other cities in the vicinity of Bos-
enough away from
that commercial metropolis, as
ton,
it
is
far
not to destroy
and there
ton,
is
its
no
mercantile trade,
city outside of Bos-
Providence and Worcester, in
the eastern section of
land,
New-Eng-
which shows the business
life
in the streets, like Manchester.
The surface is generally level,
but the soil of a considerable part
of the town is light and sandy.
The intervals on the river are limited, but of easy cultivation, and
fertile, while the swells afford
many excellent farms, under high
of the State.
It
acres
has an area of
hundred
twenty-three
—about
and
fifty
twenty-five miles in
circumference and is divided into
;
two equal parts by a narrow strait
crossed by a bridge. Each of these
is about three miles in length
by one mile in width. Lying with-
parts
in four miles of the city proper, it
has become quite a public resort
The Massabesic
for pleasure.
House, on the shore of the lake, is
a fine hotel, and receives a good
share of the public patronage.
Rivers and Streams. The Mei rimack River passes along the
western part of the city
Amos-
;
keag Falls
river.
the largest on the
is
In the ordinary stage of
fall to the foot of
the water, the
the locks
the whole
mile
is
forty-seven feet and
fall in
the space of a
is fifty-four feet.
One
of the
most substantial stone dams on
the river is built at the head of
these falls, capable, at the average
flow of water, to turn the whole
river into a spacious basin connect-
ed with the upper canal, for the
use of the mills. The Amoskeag,
or lower canal, was first constructed for navigation around the falls,
and was connected with the Middlesex in 1816, and at that date
was the most expensive canal in
New-England, with the fexception
of the Middlesex. The Hon. Samuel Blodgett, who died here many
years ago, was the founder of this
canal and expended a large fortune in its construction without
—
handsome sheet of water, with
many islands, and presenting some
reaping any benefit therefrom his
death occuring about the time of
He was a man of
its completion.
intelligence and enterprise and a
Judge of the Court of Common
Pleas, soon after the Revolution.
of the finest scenery in this section
The upper canal
cultivation.
Lake. Massabesic Lake, in the
eastern portion, towards Auburn,
lies partly in
this
town.
It is
a
is
4,950 feet long,
�MANCHESTER.
239
forty -five feet wide, ten feet deep
Merrimack River,
and
it falls
walled throughout with
stone. The lower canal is 7,500 feet
in length, and corresponding in its
other dimensions with the upper.
The fall from the upper to the
lower canal, is twenty feet. The
water power, secured hy the dam
and two canals, is estimated to be
is
sufficient to
drive nearly 250,000
and belongs to the Amoskeag Mill and water- power
company. These falls were the respindles,
sort of the Indians in the season,
to secure fish for their year's supply.
would
Tribes
congregate
many
miles around, and
catch and dry the fish, there appearing to be no end to the supply.
The early settlers followed
here, for
in the tracks of the Indians,
this respect, for
would
many years.
in
Par-
come
with teams
freighted with salt and barrels,
fifty miles distant, and camp out,
and catch and salt down Salmon,
Shad, Alewives, Eels and other
ties
kinds
of
them
the year.
sport,
and the fishing season, at
fish,
sufficient to
It
was
last
rare
" Skeag," was looked forward to
with pleasure by the settlers, for
many weeks, before the time arrived. Dams and other obstructions have destroyed the whole run
offish, which swarmed the river
from the ocean to its source in
the White Mountain streams.
Piscataquoag River has its rise
in Francestown. Weare, Dunbarand New-Boston, passes
ton
through Goflfstown and joins the
Merrimack at the south-west part
of the town. There is some valuable water power near its mouth.
Cohas or Massabesic River is the
outlet of Massabesic Lake. In the
short passage of three miles to
at GofFs Falls,
over one hundred and twen-
Near the Merrimack
a fine water power which
ty-five feet.
there
is
is improved.
There are several
brooks in various sections of the
town.
The city proper of ManCity.
chester is located on the east side
of the Merrimack and near the
Amoskeag Falls. But few cities
can boast of more rapid growth,
enterprise, and general intelliThe Amosgence of its people.
keag Manufacturing Company was
incorporated in 1831; and purchased all the land around the falls on
the east side, and
now
where the
city
stands, including the valley
cemetery. They now own nearly
all the land to within one hundred feet of the west side of Elm
street, and own and maintain all
those streets on the west side of
Elm, running towards the canal.
is the largest, and
most powerful corporation in the
State, and while it has always
looked at the main chance (or
their own interest,) it has always
The Amoskeag
looked at the best interest of the
city.
For (what is termed) a
soul-less institution, it has been
very liberal in its donations.
They gave the land for the Valley
Cemetery, and many other lots in
various other sections.
In 1837,
went into operation,
and from that date commenced
the growth of the town which had
their first mill
increased in 1840 to 3,235 inhabiThe streets are regularly
laid out, and, in various sections of
the city, public lawns were reservtants.
ed which have been laid out into
walks and planted with shade
trees.
Some of them have beautiful artificial ponds.
These parks
�NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER.
240
add much beauty to the city, and
the streets around them, and are
desirable locations for private residences.
Many of the public
and private buildings are handsome and expensive structures.
Some private
residences, including
grounds, have cost nearly $ 100,
000.
There are fourteen church
edifices,
between
thirty
and forty
halls,
eighteen
eight hotels, court house, city hall,
public library, two daily, two
weekly, and one monthly newspapers, eight banks, one hundred and
school-houses,
factories
fifty
and
mechanical
shops, of all kinds, thirty-six lawyers, ten insurance agents, thirty-
four physicians, six dentists,
(in
and
3,286 dwelling houses,
1870)
but at the present time (January,
In
1874,) it is estimated at 4,000.
1870, ward one had 419 dwellings
and 4,080 inhabitants; ward two,
253 dwellings,
ward three,
inhabitants;
2460
768 dwellings and 4,296
inhabitants;
ward
four, 615,
lings, 4,073 inhabitants;
dwel-
ward
five,
ter,
more generally respected
is
and beloved by the whole community than Mr. Wallace.
House
erected in 1839; value $ 6,500.
Franklin Street Congregational,
Rev. William J. Tucker, pastor;
church organized in 1844, as the
Second Congregational "Society.
House valued at $ 11,000. First
Baptist, Rev. A. C. Gi'aves, pastor church value, $ 60,000 organ;
;
Merrimack
ized in 1839.
Baptist, Rev.
Sherwin, pastor;
church value $ 7,000. First Freewill Baptist,
,
$ 20,000.
in 1850
tine's, Catholic,
ward seven, 237 dweland ward
habitants;
lings, 1,662 inhabitants;
eight,
100 dwellings, 541 inhabi-
tants.
Churches.
First Methodist Epis-
W.
Taylor,
1829;
house
copal Church. Rev. C.
organized
pastor;
erected 1830. St. Paul, Methodist
Episcopal, Rev. James Pike, pastor
$
;
Demar
;
cost
Augus-
St.
Rev. J. A. Cheva-
House erected in 1872
$ 45,000. St. Joseph's, Catholic,
Rev. John O'Brien, priest;
House erected in 1869. at an expense of $70,000.
The church property of Manchester is estimated to be worth $ 270,
lier, priest
;
cost
000;
the three catholic churches
1840, value,
owning nearly one half. Some of
them are the finest and most ex-
Universalist, Rev. G. S.
pensive structures, of the kind, in
church erected in
16.000.
or-
1839.
ward
dwellings, 3,300 in-
pastor;
Pine Street Freewill Baptist, Rev. N". L. Rowell,
pastor; organized in 1859. Unitarian, Rev. C. B. Ferry, pastor;
organized in 1840. Grace Church,
Episcopal, Rev. Lorenzo Sears,
rector; organized in 1841.
Christian, worship at City Hall, Rev.
Elisha H. Wright, pastor. Advent, worship at Martin's Hall,
Rev. Caleb Richardson, pastor;
St. Anne's, Catholic, Rev. William
McDonald, priest; House erected
ganized in
338 dwellings, 3,170 inhabitants;
six, 556
Street
A
church dedicated February, 1840, value $ 11,000.
1st Congregational. Rev. Cyrus W.
Wallace was pastor of this church
the State.
nearly thirty years.
He resigned his charge in 1873. No man
who has grown up with Manches-
age length for the year,
for
••-!",
pastor;
Schools.
The whole number of
schools in the city is forty-five, of
which thirty-six are graded aver;
weeks
;
total
forty
amount of money
annually appropriated for school
�THE
��241
MANCHESTER.
eneum was
purposes $44,683.51; or $ 12.76 to
each scholar in the city. The estimated value of school houses and
There are 1700
lots is $220,000.
male, and 1800 female children
enrolled as scholars attending the
public schools, and there are 500
children between the ages of four
and fourteen years who do not at-
January 28, 1846, the Amoskeag
Manufacturing Company generously gave $ 1,000 for the purchase
March 24, of the same
of books
year, the Stark Mills gave $ 500,
thing wrong somewhere to allow
one-eighth of the children to be
brought up in ignorance, which if
allowed to continue will be sure to
;
for the
appropriates
more
its
In 1850,
the library continually increased
for nearly ten years.
In 1854 the Manchester City Li-
for school purposes in pro-
portion to
same purpose.
Manchester Print Works gave
$ 500, for the same object. There
were many donations made by
members of the Association, and
breed vice and misery in any comNo city in New-Engmunity.
land makes better provisions for
and
1844,
soon made.
part of the year are very specific.
It is evident that there is some-
schools
in
of books Avasmade in March 1840,
of six hundred and eighty-three
volumes to which additions were
New-Hamptend any school.
shire laws, obliging parents or
guardians of children, at certain
ages, to send them to school a
money
established
mainly through the exertions of
Hon. Samuel D. Bell, Hon. Daniel
Clark, Hon. Herman Foster, lion.
Moody Currier, and other prominent citizens, with the design of
founding a library, reading-room,
and museum. The first purchase
wealth and popula-
In
was incorporated, and
brary
through Hon. Frederick Smyth the
Mayor of the city, arrangements
mon-
were made with the Atheneum
ey appropriated for school purThe principoses was $3,100,
pal school houses are, High School,
on Beech Street; Training School,
Franklin
Street;
Merrimack
Lincoln
Street Grammar School
Spring
Street Grammar School
PiscataStreet Grammar School
quoag Grammar School and Am-
Association together with the consent of the principal donors, to
transfer their library to form the
tion than Manchester, but if the
children are not made to attend,
it
is
money and labor
total amount
lost.
of
1814, the
basis of a free city library.
;
;
;
;
oskeag Grammar School.
Joseph G. Edgerly is Superintendent of public instruction, William
W. Colburn principal of the High
School, and Daniel A. Clifford,
Benjamin
F.
nually for the increase of the library, besides paying incidental
expenses &c.
Grammar
Library.
Dame, William E.
schools.
The Manchester Ath-
February
Patten's building in
Buck, Allen A. Bennett, and
Charles F. Morrill, principals of
the
Sep-
tember 6, 1854, the transfer was
made, and the Manchester City Library was established, with 2,956
volumes. There was a provision
in the contract that no less than
$ 1,000 should be appropriated an-
i
5,
1856,
which the Liwas destroyed
brary was located,
by fire, and all, save 596 volumes,
were burned. The number of volumes in the library at the time of
its destruction, was not less than
�NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER.
242
A new
5,446.
building has been
Amoskeag,
House and
Stearns
built expressly for the library at
Ilazeltine House.
an expense of $
The Ilazeltine House was opened in 1872, and built at an expense
of $ 100,000. The Stearns House is
a new and a fine four story build-
The
being the
kind in the
30,000,
finest structure of the
now
eonnas a
fund of $ 5,000, the interest of
which is to be expended for the
purchase of books.
In looking
State.
tains
17,300
library
volumes.
down through
with
It
the vista of the fu-
present provisions
magnitude of this
library, fifty years hence, can readily be imagined, if nothing befalls
The present officers are John
it.
P. Newell, President; Samuel N.
ture,
its
for increase, the
Bell,
Treasurer;
and C.
II.
Mar-
ing,
handsomely
furnished,
and
arranged.
City Hotel has
been built over twenty years and
still holds its rank with good ho-
well
The Manchester House was
when
Manchester was considered only a
tels.
built over thirty years ago,
growing village. It has always been
under the control of Mr. William
Shepard, and has, in the various
changes in the city, in erecting new
more modern
shall, Librarian.
hotels of
Manchester Mirror and American, daily; Manchester Mirror and Farmer, weekly; Manchester Daily Union; The
Union Democrat, weekly, and
ure,
received
New-Hampshire Journal of Music,
houses.
monthly.
respectable
Newspapers.
Among
(See tables.).
sonic of the early papers
which were published prior to 1844,
were the Manchester Democrat,
by William II. Kimb.Jl, and Joseph Kidder. Iris & Literary Souvenir by S. II. NT. B. Everett; Weekly Advertiser, by Isaac Kinsman
Manchester Gleaner, by John
Caldwell.
Amoskeag National;
Banks.
Manchester NaFirst National
ional and City National capital
Amoskeag Savstock $000,000.
;
;
Bank Manchester Savings
Bank
City Savings Bank, and
Merrimack River Savings Bank.
Total amount of deposits $ 7,541,
044.52 and more than twenty five
ings
;
;
per cent of
all
deposits in the sav-
ings banks of the State.
The Manchestev House,
City Hotel, Webster House, Merrimack House, Tremont House,
Hotels.
architect-
maintained the position of being a first-class house, and always
its full share of public
patronage. The four last named
hotels are considered first class
The other hotels are good,
houses and are well
patronized.
City Hall
Hulls.
the corner
It
streets.
is
located on
of
Elm and Market
was
built in the season
of 1845, at an expense, including
the clock, of $35,000. When it
was erected it was considered the
building of the kind in the
finest
State
;
but the
rapid change in
antique
it an
architecture gives
appearance, and
many prominent citizens are talking of a new
City Hall in keeping with the
growth and wealth of their city.
The Old Town Hall was built
on the same ground in 1841, costing $ 17,000. It was destroyed in
1844 and the City Hall took its
place.
Brown's. Merchant's Exchange,
Faneuil,
Grand
Army,
Granite,
Music,
Kennard's, Merrimack,
Smyth's and Town's Hall on Elm
�243
MANCHESTER.
Masonic,
Globe,
Street;
Odd
Fellow's and Pytheon on Hanover
Street, and Lafayette and Lyceum
Halls on Merrimack Street, are the
principal halls in the city. Symth's
one of the largest in the
Music Hall is a very handsome room.
Squares and Parks.
Concord,
Hanover, Merrimack, Tremont and
Hall
is
State
;
Park,
are
They are
the
all
city proper,
principal
parks.
located within the
and
offer
a pleasant
retreat in
warm weather
for the
people to
secure healthy
recrea-
tion,
and pure
air.
Cemeteries.
There are many
cemeteries in Manchester, the
most important of which will be
briefly mentioned.
Cemetery. The grounds
cemetery were generously
donated by the Amoskeag Manufacturing Company,
the
deed
bearing date, January 25, 1840,
and conveying nineteen and sevValley
for this
en-tenths acres, pleasantly located on Mill Brook, and bounded
north by Auburn Street, east by
Pine Street, south by Valley
Street, and west by Willow Street.
There were certain provisions in the
deed, debarring the use of money
obtained for the sale of lots, for any
other purpose than to benefit and
beautify the grounds.
The grounds
Cemetery was located in the
south part of Meeting house lot in
1759.
It was much used till 1840.
Forest Cemetery was located near
the south-west corner of ancient
Chester, and was used as early as
1735,
A dense forest has now
grown up over the graves. There
are, on the west side of the Merrimack, Piscataquoag, Amoskeag,
and the Catholic cemetery. All
tre
these grounds are pleasantly located and are capable of being made
pleasant resting places for the
dead.
.
Masonic. Trinity Commandery
No. 1; Adoniram Council, No. 3;
Mount Iloreb Royal Arch Chapter,
No. 11; Lafayette Lodge, No. 41;
Washington Lodge, No. 61.
Granite
Knights of Pythias.
Lodge, No. 3; Merrimack Lodge,
No.
/.
set
4.
WonolanWildey
0. of Odd Fellows.
Encampment, No.
Lodge,
No.
Lodge, No. 2;
2;
Hillsborough
Mechanics' Lodge,
45;
No. 13; Mount Washington Encampment, No.' 16; Odd Fellows
Mutual Relief Association. Odd
Fellows Building on Hanover
Street, is one of the finest edifices in the city. The Order owns
the building, and rents the lower
story.
Independent Order of Good TemStark Lodge, No. 4; Merrimack Lodge, No. 44 St. Paul's,
Total Abstinence Mutual Benefit
are laid out with much care and
taste, and the brook which is clear
and meandering in its course
through the grounds, adds much
beauty to this lovely spot, the
home of the dead, and the retreat
plars.
Nearly all the
lots have been sold, and another
purchase has been made, of forty
acres, and owing to the growth of
Pine which covers this lot, it is
called Pine Grove Cemetery. Cen-
Hampshire
of the mourner.
;
Union Degree Temple,
Society.
No.
20.
Tornverian.
Military.
First
Regiment New-
Volunteer Militia,
Headquarters, Grand Army Hall.
Amoskeag
Veterans,
Armory,
organized in 1854,
Head Guards, Armory in Lafayette
Hall, organized in 1865.
Sheri-
Town's block
;
�NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER.
244
Armory
Muse-
Quint's,
organized in 1865.
Armory
Manchester Veterans,
in G. A. R. Hall organized 1870.
Clark Guards, Armory, Granite
Block, organized in 1867. German Brass Band rooms in Mer-
Smith's,
dan
Guards,
um
building,
in
;
;
chants' Exchange.
Mercantile Trade. The trade of
The
is extensive.
city affords a market for a good
farming country from eight to fif-
Manchester
teen miles around it, having a
population of about 15,000 inhabitants consequently many of these
farmers do their trading where
Elm
they market their produce.
is the principal street where the
mercantile houses are located, although trade is increasing on
many of the streets which are connected with Elm Street. There
are about four hundred and fifty
stores and shops for trade, of all
kinds, many of which do a large
—
Elm
business.
Street
straight,
is
one hundred feet wide,
aud paved with square blocks of
granite, while the side walks are
wide and paved with brick or conFor over one mile this
crete.
street is lined with large, mercanabout
tile
blocks, and, for that distance,
there
of
is
the
no
street in
same
New England,
length, outside of
Boston, that can show
ness life, with streets
more
teams and pedestrians,
all
their
various
busi-
with
busy in
filled
vocations.
Some
of the most important blocks are
Bradford's, Burge's,
Blodgett's,
Brown's, Central, Connor's, Emeral, Ferris's, Johnson's, Kennard's,
Kidder's, Lincoln, Marshal's,
Mu-
seum, Martin, McHugh's, Mercantile, Merchant's, Exchange, Merrimack, Methodist Church," Music
Hall,
Parsons',
Bell's,
Paddle's,
Sanborn's,
Smyth's,
Stark, Towne's,
Union,
Weeks', and Wells' blocks, are all
on Elm Street; Calley's, Globe,
Johnson's, Masonic, Odd Fellows',
and Post Office blocks, on Hanover Street, and many other mercantile buildings too numerous, to
mention. There are several large
jobbing houses, dealing in flour,
and corn. The capital invested in
trade is estimated at $ 1,813,200.
Manufactories.
The manufacturing business is very extensive
and important, being nearly equal
of Concord, Dover, and
Nashua, combined. The largest
and most important is, first, the
Amoskeag Manufacturing Company. This company was incorporated in 1831, with a capital of
$ 3,000,000. The business is divided
to that
into three departments, viz.
first,
land and water power; second,
manufacturing cotton goods, and
third, machine and repair shop.
They own all the land and all the
water power used and occupied
This
by all the mills and shops.
land and power they rent to the
other mills at very low rates, the
whole amounting to less than
Their cotton
$40,000 annually.
manufactories are the largest in
the State, consisting of five large
mills.
The first went into operation in 1837.
The machine shops
manufacture machinery for cotton
and woolen mills, steam fire engines, &c.
There is a large founproducing
dery shop
various
They now ankinds of castings.
nually employ in their various
manufactories, at the rate of 1,200
males and 1,800 females and children, with an annual pay roll of
S
1,110,000,
and annually produc-
ing 24,000,000 yards, consisting of
��THE
�MANCHESTER.
denims, tickings, and sheetings,
valued at § 4,105,000; 70 steam fire
and various
engines, castings
kinds of machinery, to the value
1,269,000, making the total production $ 5,43 1,000. Hon. Ezekiel
A. Straw has the management of
§
business,
large
this
by
assisted
competent men.
Manchester Print Works, incorporated in 1839 as the Manchester
Mills.
In 1847, its charter was
changed to Merrimack Mills, and
again in 1851, to Manchester Print
Works, with a capital of § 1,800,
000.
In 1853 a part of their Avorks
was destroyed by fire, inflicting a
It was soon reloss of § 125,000.
built, but, in 1855, they
were again
245
yards
sheeting,
4,500,000
yards
drilling, 240,000 yards duck, 1,500,
yards crash, and 1,100,000
6eamless bags; the whole valued
000
at
§2,000,000.
Phinehas Adams,
agent.
Langdon
Capital §500,
Mills.
employed, 150; women
and children. 350 annual pay roll,
producing
5,000,000
§200,000
yards sheeting of various grades,
valued at § 700,000. W. L. Killey,
000;
men
;
;
agent.
Narnaskee Mills. Capital § 680,
employ 91 males, and 145 females annual pay roll, § 102,000
annually producing 1,600,000 yards
gingham, §232,000; 500,000 yards
flannel, §135,000.
E. A. Straw,
000;
;
visited by the fiery element, which
destroyed one half of their large
agent.
mill, causing a loss of §271,000.
tal,
J. Brugger, Hosiery mill.
Capi-
laine cloth, valued at §1,440,000;
employs 55 men,
and 95 women and children; annual pay roll, §85,000; annually
produce 78,500 dozen pairs woolen
stockings, valued at §265,000.
A. P. Olzendam, Hosiery. Capemploys 37 men,
tal, §50,000;
and 58 women and children; annual pay roll, §51,000; annually
produces 60,000 dozen pairs woolen hose, valued at § 180,000.
Manchester Locomotive Works.
employs 675
Capital, § 150,000
hands annual pay roll, § 405,000
and annual product 156 locomo-
380,000 yards casimere valued at
tives, besides castings of
Their business
is
under one gen-
eral supervision, but in
two de-
partments, viz. Mills for manufacturing cotton print cloths, and
mills for
delaine cloths, &c.
printing cotton goods and delaine
cloths. They annually employ, in
both departments, 1,000 males and
1,400 females and children, who
annually receive for their labor
;
§910,000,
and annually produce
9,500,000 yards print cloth, valued
§712,500;
at
9,000,000 yards de-
making the total § 2,562,
The goods printed in the
§410,000,
500.
other departments, are valued at
§
2,750,000.
Stark Mills, capital, § 1,250.000,
were incorporated
in
1838,
and
commenced
operations in 1839.
This corporation emploj-s 400
men and 900 women and children
annual pay roll is § 450,000,
and their annual product 4,500,000
the
§50,000;
;
;
scription, valued at
§
every de-
1,560,000.
Amoskeag Ax Company.
Em-
pay roll, 40,000;
annual value of goods manufactured, § 130,000.
Lowell's Iron Foundery. Produces iron fences, lamp posts, columns, water pipes, gas pipes, &c.
employs 40 hands annual pay roll,
§ 27,000 annual productions, § 75,
ploys 60 hands;
;
:
000.
�NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER.
246
In 1870 the Unconoonook Mills
employed 20 males and 8 females
pay roll, $ 15,000 manufactured
;
ing 320,000 bushels
grain, of all
kinds, valued at $290,000;
6,075,
boards and dimension
timber, valued at $ 128,000; newspapers and job printing, $ 100,000;
000
feet
paper to the value of §180,000.
Amoskeag Paper Mills employ 20
males and 20 females; pay roll,
$ 16,800 produce paper to the value of $ 300,000.
Manchester Gas Light Company.
Incorporated in 1841, with a capiIt has laid twental of $ 100,000.
ty-one miles of pipe, from two to
fourteen inches, extending through
$5,000; fliers, $25,000; ale, $50,
000; boots and shoes, $75,000;
granite and marble works, $75,
000, besides shops to manufacture
files, rolls, harnesses, straw goods,
window shades, tin ware, hair
The
restorative, cigars, confectionery,
works have the capacity to furnish
and many other shops too
numerous to mention the whole,
in the aggregate numbering nearly
150.
There are tailors, milliners,
carpenters, masons, painters, book
;
different parts of
the city.
300,000 feet of gas every twenty-
The
four hours.
partments,
is
city,
in all de-
now consuming
50,
000,000 feet annually, and, rated at
excelsior, $30,000; carriages,
and repaired, $
were consumed
all
the
;
in 1870, 30,000,000
The numher of burners
mills
houses,
is
&c,
10,000,
in
in
stores,
besides 224
Forty-five men are
9,000,
street lamps.
made
spokes,
;
binders, gas
feet.
;
belts,
$2,50 per 1,000 feet, it amounts
$ 125,000. In 1854, 8,837,000 feet
to
100,000
&c, &c.
fitters,
The
blacksmiths,
capital invested in
the manufactories
is
$9,970,000,
employing 4,290 men, and 4,966
women and children, with an annual pay roll of $3,674,000, and
producing manufactured goods to
employed, annually receiving for
the
§ 28,000.
W. W. Hubbard, doors, sash,
blinds, moldings and stair rails,
emploj-s 30 men, pay roll $ 21,000;
manufactured
productions have
increased, since 1870, nearly $5,
000,000. and the operatives about
value
land, in proportion to their popula-
their labor,
of
productions,
§42.000.
Jeremiah Hodge, window frames,
&c, employs 8 men, value of productions, $ 20,000. Bisco & Denny,
card
clothing, value of
productions, $26,000.
John Cloworth,
loom reeds, $ 8,000. B. H. Chase,
pickers, $ 6,000. J. Baldwin, bobbins, spools
and
employs
$ 24,000,
annual value of productions, 8 55,
52
men and
shuttles,
boys, pay roll,
S. C. Forsaith & Co., machine works, annual productions,
$115,000.
D. B. Varney, brass
foundry, annual value of productions, $80,000.
There are also
three grist mills, annually grind-
000.
value
1,000.
tion,
of $18,108,000.
But few
cities in
The
Xew-Eng-
have exceeded these gains in
manufactories.
Professional Services, Trade
and
This branch of
business includes all persons not
employed in farming or in manufactories and house keeping.
It
means merchants, clerks, book
keepers, bankers, men employed
on railroads, day laborers, teachers,
lawyers, clergymen, physiTransportation.
cians, dentists, &c.
The number
of persons employed in these professions is estimated at nine per
cent of its population, or 2,700.
Productions of the
Resources.
�MANCHESTER.
soil,
$148,403; mechanical labor,
$3,674,000;
professional services,
&c, $ 1,620,000; stocks, $272,120;
money at interest, $48,300; deposits in
savings banks, $3,057,676;
stock in trade, $ 1,902,080.
Manchester Water Works.
The
was
The
extinguishing
force hose
pipes, with a head of one hundred
and fifty feet, is equal to an effifacilities for
alone, through
cient
fire
cities
in
taken
which
is
from Massabesic lake,
noted for
its
purity, being
from mineral substances, and is about four miles
from the City Hall. The water is
raised into a large reservoir, about
one hundred and fifty-two feet
above Elm Street, at the City Hall,
by hydraulic power pumping. The
pumping station is located on
Cohas river, the outlet of the lake,
with an outflow of water averagvery
clear
ing not lees than forty-five million
gallons per day, which, acting on
the
fall at this point, is
equal to a
hundred horse power privilege, and lias the capacity to pump
and furnish the water for a city of
five
125,000 inhabitants.
The present
pumping machinery has a capacity
to force into the main reservoir
not less than five and one third
million
gallons
of water
evei-y
twenty-four hours, while to supply
the present wants of the city, less
than two million gallons are required.
The pipes are wrought iron, cement lined. The force main and
supply main are twenty inches in
range with
secting streets.
The water
is
and twenty
the curb stone lines of the inter-
obtained at the June session of
the Legislature, 1871.
hundred
one
gates, set invariably in
fires,
establishing these works,
bill,
over
247
department
New-England,
many
in
and,
in
connection with the excellent fire
organization in this city, nearly
excludes the risk of any devastatThe total expense of
ing fires.
the works was about $ 600,000.
Sewerage. An excellent plan of
sewerage has been surveyed, and
much of it laid, and together with
the excellent water facilities,
make Manchester a clean
healthy
must
and
city.
The fire orFire Department.
ganization consists of No. 1, Amoskeag Steam Fire Engine Company,
No. 2, Fire King Steam Fire Engine Company, No. 3, The E. W.
Harrington Steam Fire Engine
Company, No. 4, N. S. Bean; No.
No.
1, Pennacook Hose Company
Excelsior Hook and Ladder
1,
Company. Benjamin C. Kendcll,
;
Chief Engineer.
Manchester was
towns of
Chester, Londonderry, Bedford
Goffstown, and a tract of land called Harrytown. It was incorporated under the name of Derryfield,
September 3d, 1757, and changed
to Manchester in 1810. The charFirst Settlement.
originally a part of the
diameter, while the other pipes
are respectively, fourteen, twelve,
ten, eight, six and four inches; the
acter of the soil
greatest length being six inches.
large numbers,
There are over one hundred and
hydi-ants, set uniformly
on the north-west corners of the
respective intersecting streets, and
keag falls
Hampshire
was such
One hundred
fifty fire
offered poor
early
inducement
pioneers to
for
settle
that
it
for the
here in
many
years.
years ago, the Amoswere as noted in Newas they are to-day, but
for very different purposes.
To-
�NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER.
248
day they are noted for the vast amount of machinery the waters
move, which give employment to
ten thousand persons, thereby
drawing a large city around them,
of nearly 30,000 souls. One hundred years ago they were noted for
quantities
large
the
of various
Manchester was the scene of one
of the most attrocious murders ever
committed in a civilized communiMr. Jonas L. Parker, a promty.
inent citizen and tax collector of
the city in 184-4, was enticed from
his place of business, late in the
man unknown to any
evening, by a
kinds of fish that were annually
caught at the falls by people from
one, save Parker, under a plea
that a lady in Janesville, wished
State. These
would move out
of the Ocean, up the Merrimack,
to deposit their spawn at or near
to
all
sections of the
the spring,
fish, in
the various sources of the river,
falls, in the spring high
water, would naturally impede
and the
their passage up the streams. Tin iy
have been known to swarm so
plenty as to affect the progress of
boats, near the canal, at the foot
The people would
of the falls.
come prepared
to
camp
and
out,
the light of the camp-fires at night,
the roar of the foaming flood, mingled with the loud laugh, and
camp-fire songs of the fishermen,
sports which they year-
were rare
ly looked
But
forward to with delight.
this
great resource of the
State afforded no material growth
In 1775 there were
to the town.
but 285 inhabitants
;
in 1790, only
and in 1820, 762.
Major General John Stark died
here May 8, 1822, aged 93 years, 8
months and 22 days. The cemetery is enclosed on his own farm,
By
overlooking the Merrimack.
362,
his grave is placed a plain granite
with the simple inscription
" MAJOR GENERAL STARK.
History gives his deeds done
shaft,
1 '
see him, on urgent business.
This little village was situated about
one mile east from the City Hall,
and at that time a small piece of
woods intervened between the two
places.
In this woods, the next
morning, the body of Mr Parker
was found with his throat cut, and
the light
snow on the ground
re-
vealed the fact that a desperate
struggle had taken place between
The
the assassin and his victim.
pocket book containing several
thousand dollars, in the side pocket of Parker's coat, was missing,
but a wallet in his pants-pocket
having sixteen hundred dollars in
it, was left.
This horrid murder
naturally created a great excitement in Manchester, and every
means was taken to ferret out the
perpetrators of this dark and
bloody deed; but to day it is still
veiled in mystery to the public.
Manchester was incorporated as
a city in June, 1846. The Mayors,
up to the present time, are as follow: 1846, Hiram Brown; 1847,
Jacob F. James; 1849, Warren L.
Lane 1850, Moses Fellows 1852,
Theo1855,
Frederick Smyth;
dore T. Abbott; 1857, Jacob F.
;
;
founder of the canal, died here in
1859
1858, Alonzo Smith
Harrington 1861, David A.
Bunton; 1863, Theodore T. Abbott 1864, Frederick Smyth 1865,
1806.
Darwin
J.
Hosley;
1867,
Hon.
Samuel
Parker Murder.
James
E.
for his country.
Blodgett,
March 27,
the
1845,
;
;
W.
;
;
;
Daniels;
1866,
Joseph B.
John
Clark;
�249
MANCHESTER.
Isaac
Weston;
Cheney;
1872, P. C.
to Pittsfield
II.
13,933
1860, 20, 108
the
at
1873,)
;
1870, 23,586
present time, (December
estimated at about
is
The
es in 1871,
polls
July
5,404;
pot
in 1872,
one year of 507.
;
valuation, upon the usual basis of
assessing property at two thirds
Railroads.
ities
no
not far from
of the
same
year.
The
de-
fine,
of its inhabiportends to a brighter future for tins city, in wealth, population and social position than it
has ever enjoyed in the past.
Thirty-five years ago where the
city proper now stands there were
less than 100 persons, now there
are 30,000, and contains nearly one
tenth of all the population and
wealth in the State, and produce?
one sixth part of all the manufactured goods. With the past and
present before us, by the next
decade we may expect to see
a city of 36,000 inhabitants and a
wealth of thirty million dollars.
Seven years hence, may the statistical facts exceed our prediction.
North by HookBoundaries.
east by Auburn, south by
sett,
Londonderry and Bedford and west
by Bedford and Gofi'stown. Area
enterprising spirit
The Railroad
facil-
tants, all
of Manchester are very good
less than three roads
have their
termini here, and the Concord
road passes through the depot.
The Manchester and Lawrence
Railroad, connects
a
Future Prospects. With its vast
water power, its excellent railroad
completion of its
facilities, the
public works its fine churches and
its
large commercial
schools,
trade, its rapidly growing wealth,
together with the intelligence and
assessed valuation of the city
as returned to the Legislature in
1872, to base the State proportionthe true
al tax, was $ 13,930,822
is
4,
is
the State.
The
of its actual value,
§21.000,000.
for a
brick structure, and is
the largest building of the kind in
charged for tax-
were
5,911, a g;iin in
charter
from Manchester to
Keene, has been granted, and no
doubt the road will be built within
the next live years. The Concord
Railway was first opened to this city
and tlie first train of cars run June
28, 1842, and opened for the public
it
30,000.
A
;
railroad
Bartlett;
:
;
Railroad.
ley
1873,
resigned in
February 1873; succeeded by John
P. Newell.
The population, at different
times, has been as follows 1850,
Charles
at Hooksett,
over the Suncook Val-
port and Claremont
James A. Weston; 1869;
W. Smith; 1870, James A.
1868,
Lawrence and
intervening towns with the city;
and Portsmouth RailManchester to Portsmouth; Manchester and North
Weare, Railroad, from Manchester to North Weare, and the Concord Railroad, connects Manchester south, via Nashua, with BosConcord
road, from
Worcester, New- York, Albany, Chicago, &c, North via
Concord, on the Northern Railroad, with White River Junction,
Montpelier, Burlington, St. Al-
ton,
bans, Montreal and the West; on
the Montreal Railroad, with Lit-
White Mountains, Lancasand Grand -Trunk Railroad;
on the Concord and Claremont
ii
tleton,
of improved land, 5,140 acres.
ter
Seventeen miles
Distances.
south from Concord and fifty-six
miles north-west from Boston.
Railroad, with Hillsborough,
New-
.
�NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER.
250
MARLBOROUGH.
stock in trade, $21,225; from sum-
mer
Cheshire County. The surface of this town is uneven and
frequently broken by
excellent for grazing.
hills,
being
There are
some very good forms on the
streams which produce fine crops
;
pastor; Universalist, Rev.
E. L. Senft, pastor.
Church valuation, Congregational, $ 8,000
Methodist, $ 2,000
Universalist,
of corn, oats, hay, &c.
There are
;
several ponds which are sources
$4,000.
of some of the brandies of the
The North Branch,
Ashuelot.
passing through the two villages,
is supplied by a large reservoir,
about seven miles above, and two
smaller ones, nearer, and thus furnishes some of the best water power in the county. Marlborough is
one of the growing towns of the
districts
fifteen
annually manufactured
is
$
Library.
Frost Free
has 2,300 volumes.
are also manufactured 20,000 boxes, 10,000 toy wagons,
1,500 toy
bedsteads,
chairs,
1,340,000
and 300,000
pails,
feet of
14,000
lumber.
There are ground, annually, 26,000
bushels grain, of all kinds. There
is an extensive granite
quarry
which gives employment, during
the months from April to December, to about forty men.
This
stone is of the best quality, and is
shipped to all parts of the country.
Several other brandies of mechanical business are carried on.
(See
tables.)
Resources.
ducts, $60,306;
Agricultural
pro-
mechanical, $92,
900 money at interest, $ 18,482
deposits in savings banks, $76,785;
Library,
Marlborough Hotel,
ar-
rivals last year, 2,310.
Marlborough
Timothy Dwight
First Settlements.
was granted
to
and sixty-one others, April 29,
1751.
The conditions of this charter were
150,
simeres, $ 70,000, and machineshop productions, §25,000. There
for
ton, principal.
of horse blankets
000; tricots, diagonals, fancy cas-
for the
Annual
school purposes, $ 1,149.10. Marlborough High School, C. E. Hough-
Hotel.
The value
weeks.
amount of money appropriated
Employments.
Agriculture, in
this town, is superseded by manufacturing, the people being largely
engaged in that branch of busi-
;
There are nine school
and ten schools in town.
Average length of schools
year,
State.
ness.
$ 2,250.
ard,
.
Ponds and Rivers.
tourists,
Churches and Schools. Congregational, Rev. J. L. Merrill, pastor Methodist, Elder A. K. How-
-,
not seasonably fulfilled, by reason
of the French and Indian war, and
a second charter was granted
September 20, 1754, and called
Monadnock, No. 5. Incorporated,
December 13, 1776. The first settlers were William Barker, Abel
Woodward, Benjamin Tucker,
Daniel Goodenough, and One Mc
Colonel
Alister.
Andrew
Col-
burn, an officer killed in the Revolutionary struggle, belonged to
this
town.
First
Ministers.
Rev.
Cummings, ordained
Joseph
in 1778, dis-
missed in 1780; Rev. Holloway
Fish, ordained in 1793, died in 1824.
Boundaries. North by Roxbury,
east by Dublin and Jaffrey, south
by Troy, and west by Swanzey and
Keene.
13,000 acres; improved
Area.
land, 8,007 acres.
�MARLOW.
Five
Distances.
miles
south-
^
251
Agricultural
Resources.
pro-
from Keene, live from Monadnock Mountain, and fifty-eight
south-west from Concord.
mechanical labor,
$33,500; stocks and bonds, 4,700;
Cheshire Railroad
passes through the western part of
the town.
its
east
Railroads.
MARLOW,
soil
is
productive.
On
the river, and other streams,
there are large tracts of interval
land,
an
of
quality.
excellent
Many
of the farms are under a
high state of cultivation, producing
fine crops of grain and grass.
Ashuelot River passes
River.
through almost the whole length
town in a south-westerly
There are some fine
water privileges, which are gener-
of the
direction.
ally
improved.
There is a very pleasant and lively village in Marlow,
which is the centre of considerable
trail;}.
There are several stores,
various kinds of manufactories,
about seventy-five neatly painted
dwelling houses, and four hundred
Village.
inhabitants.
Employments.
The
larger por-
tion of the people are engaged in
agriculture, but there
is
consider-
able manufacturing done.
feet of
750.000
lumber are annually sawed
100,000 trowel
pail handles,
handles,
;
2,000,000
300,000 bucket but-
100,000 tassel moulds, plant
tons,
protectors, &c., are manufactured.
One
of the largest tanneries in the
State
men
are employed,
receive
Over 40
in this town.
is
for
who
annually
their labor, $22,000.
75,000 calf skins, besides slaughter,
are annually
$275,000.
tanned,
(See tables.)
money
in
at interest, $28,775; depos-
savings
banks,
$73,736;
stock in trade, $20,100.
MethChurches and Schools.
Elder Irad Taggart, pastor;
Christian, Rev. William H. Xa-
odist,
Cheshire County. The surface of this town is generally uneven; but the
ducts, $ 05,176;
valued
at
son, pastor;
Baptist,
Universalist,
;
.
There
are eight public schools in town.
Average length of schools, for the
year, sixteen weeks.
Academy. There is a flourishing academy, called the Marlow
Academy. Mr. Carl Allen is the
principal.
Hotels.
Forest
House,
and
1
Jones Hotel.
This town was
First Settlers.
granted to William Noyes and sixty-nine others, October 7, 1761.
Joseph Tubbs, Samuel and John
Gustin, N. Royce, N. Miller, Nathan Huntley, and others, were
the first settlers. The first town
meeting was held in March, 1776.
Rev. Caleb
First Ministers.
Blood, (Baptist) settled in January, 1778, dismissed in 1779; Rev.
Eleazer Beckwith succeeded, and
preached till his death, in 1809.
Boundaries. North by Acworth
and Lempster, east by Washington and Stoddard, south by Gilsum, and west by Alstead. Area,
15,937 acres.
Distances.
Forty miles south-
west from Concord, and
north from Keene.
Railroads.
No
fifteen
railroad passes
The nearest
through Marlow.
point is at Keene, 16 miles, or
Bellows Falls, the same distance.
The Windsor and Forest Lino
Railroad will pass through this
town, if ever built.
�NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER.
252
MASON.
the soil
is
rich and productive,
yields good crops of
and
corn, oats,
potatoes and hay. The soil in the
valleys is exceedingly rich and
free
from early
frosts.
For
this
and
grapes
reason
excellent
Some of
peaches are produced.
the finest graperies and peach
orchards to be found in the State
are in Mason.
In 1872 the northwest part of Mason was disannexed, and the town of Greenville
formed, in which is included nearly all the water power in the old
town.
Employments.
Agriculture is
the principal employment of the
inhabitants.
1,500 pairs of shoes
are annually made.
There are
several granite quarries and the
stone being of a superior quality,
it
will soon be considered a val-
uable resource.
Resources. Productions of the
soil,
$
$
55,000;
14,000; stocks
terest,
mechanical labor,
and money at in-
$ 10,275; deposits in savings
banks,
S
10,000
$
$20,000;
stock in trade,
from summer
1,500.
;
tourists,
Churches and Schools.
CongreChurch, Rev. Daniel
Goodwin, pastor.
There are six
schools in town.
Average length
of schools, for the year, twentytwo weeks. Mr. John Boynton, a
native of Mason, left a fund of
§ 10,000, the interest of which is
to be devoted to public schools.
Libraries. There are two private libraries, of 500 volumes each.
gational
First Settlements.
1751.
Enoch Lawrence and
Deacon Nathan Hall made a permanent settlement, in 1752.
in
Hillsborough County. The
surface of Mason is uneven, but
Mason was
granted and known by the name
of Number One, August 26, 1768.
An effort to settle here was made
First Ministers.
Rev. Jonathan
Searle, ordained in 1772, dismissed
Rev. Ebenezer Hill, ordained in 1790. A Congregational
Church was formed in 1772, and a
Baptist Church organized in 1786.
Boundaries.
North by Greenville, east by Brookline, south by
Ashby, Mass., and west by NewIpswich. Area of improved land,
in 1782;
6,500 acres.
Distances.
Forty-three miles
south from Concord, and fifteen
south-west from Amherst.
The Peterborough
Railroads.
and Shirley branch of the Fitchburg Railroad passes through this
town.
MEREDITH.
Belknap County.
In 1855 the
town was
and formed the present
town of Laconia, and included the
thriving villages of Lake Village
and Meredith Bridge, on the west
side of the Winnipiseogee River.
Meredith is still a large and imeastern portion of this
set off
portant town, in agriculture, manufactures and trade, and as a resort
of summer tourists. As a farming
town it is surpassed by but few
in the State.
tile,
The
soil is deep, fer-
easily cultivated,
and many
of the farms beautifully situated
on the shores of Lake Winnipiseogee, which washes a large portion
of its southern and north-eastern
At Meredith Village
borders.
there is one of the best water privleges in the State, which is con-
by the Meredith MechanAssociation, with a capital of
§ 50,000. Besides the manufactories in the village, it is the centre
trolled
ics'
�MERRIMACK.
In
of a large mercantile trade,
the summer season, steamboats
leave its wharves for all important points on the lake. There are
ten or fifteen stores, 3 churches,
a savings bank, two livery stables,
and one hotel in the village. Until 1873 a portion of the village of
Centre Harbor was in this town.
It
estimated that nearly 1000
is
summer
tourists visit
There are but few
where the fu-
annually.
towns
town
the
in the State
ture prospects are more flattering
than those of Meredith.
Wauka-
Ponds and Streams.
wan
Lake, near the village, is connected with Lake Winnipiseogee
by a stream affording a large amount of water power. At the
outlet of the pond is a substantial
dam (owned by the Mechanics' Association) which forms a large wa-
Average length of
schools, for the
year, twelve weeks.
Elm House.
Meredith Village SavBank.
ings Bank.
First Settlers. Hon. Ebenezer
Smith moved into this town at an
Hotel.
early period of
its
was looked
to as
settlers for
many
settlement,
and
an adviser by the
He
years.
died,
Meredith was
originally called New-Salem. In-
August
1807.
22,
corporated Dec.
30, 1768.
First Ministers.
Rev.
Simeon
F. Williams, settled in 1792; dis-
missed in
1798.
Rev. David Smith,
settled in 1819; died in 1824.
the
Boundaries.
North by Centre
Harbor and Winnipiseogee Lake,
north and north-east by said lake,
south-east by Laconia, south by
Sanbornton, and west and northwest by New-Hampton. Number
of acres of improved land, 16,586.
Distances.
By the Montreal
in-
Railroad, thirty-seven miles north
receive a rich re-
from Concord, and nine north from
ter basin.
Employments. Agriculture
is
principal
employment of the
habitants,
who
ward
253
There
for their labor.
is
Gilford.
considerable capital invested in
manufactures. 35,000 pairs of cot-
Railroads.
The Boston, Concord and Montreal Railroad passes
ton hose, 4,000,000 feet of dimen-
through this town. The Meredith and Conway Railroad is a projected line which may be built at
sion lumber, 600,000 lath, and 5,000
shooks are annually manufactured,
besides chair
&c,
bobbins,
stuff,
#
&c.
Annual productions
$175,900; mechanical
labor, $ 45,000 stocks and bonds,
-
MERRIItlACE.
Resources.
of the
soil,
;
8
some future time.
(See tables.)
6.900
;
money at interest, $ 34,726
deposits in savings banks, §111,
020
;
stock in trade, § 23,557
summer
tourists,
$ 20,000.
from
;
.
.
Churches and Schools. Congregational, Rev. G. I. Bard, pastor;
Calvin Baptist,
Freewill
Baptist, Rev. Lincoln Given, pas;
There are 20 school districts
and seventeen schools in town.
tor.
HlLLSBOROUGFI COUNTY.
The
surface of this town is generally
even, broken by a few moderate
The
soil, in various places,
but there is considerable
plain land which is not very productive, without heavy fertilizing.
swells.
is fertile
;
The
intervals on the rivers, pro-
duce
fine crops of grain
and grass.
Merrimack River washes its eastern border. Souhegan
River enters the town from AmRivers.
�NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER.
254
and pursues a winding course
and joins the Merrimack one
Parker
&
hei'st,
ductions, $40,000.
mile
black walnut centre tables, ornamented and carved work, with
marble tops, $ 60,000. David Hen-
above
Thornton's
Ferry.
Babboosuck Brook, issuing from
Babboosuck Pond, in Amherst,
empties into the Souhegan near its
confluence with the Merrimack.
Penichook Brook has its source
from a pond in Ilollis, and forms
the southern boundary of the town.
About one mile from the mouth of
the Souhegan is the best water
power on the river. The water
three separate falls
within the space of half a mile.
It is estimated, that if the power
fills 83 feet in
on these falls was properly utilized,
it would sustain a village of 4,500
inhabitants.
There are four small
each with a post office,
Reed's Ferry,
viz., Merrimack,
Thornton's Ferry, and South Merrimack, on the Nashua and Wilton
Villages.
villages,
railroad.
The three
first
the Concord railroad, and
some manufacturing.
are on
all
have
At Reed's
Ferry there is one store, school
house, and several manufactories,
such as brick, barrels, and overalls
(on an extensive scale). At Thornis a school house
and store; also manufactories of
ton's Ferry there
and furniture. At
Merrimack there is one church edifice, school house, a new and commodious town house, store, and
bricks, barrels
hotel;
also manufactories of ex-
woolens. At
South Merrimack there is a church
edifice, school house, and store.
Farming is the
Employments.
tension tables and
principal
employment of the
in-
is an
important branch of business. M.
Houghton & Son manufacture
black walnut and chestnut extension tables annual value of pro-
habitants, but manufacturing
;
Co.,
derson, flannel and carpets, $ 70,
Fessenden & Lowell, cooper
000.
Nelson H. Brown
$ 6,000.
Hosea Evans, barrels, $ 2,000 besides overalls, pants and sacks,
$ 200,000 meal and flour, $ 3,500
lumber, $8,700; also blacksmiths,
stock, $20,000.
& Co,, barrels and lumber,
;
;
carpenters, wheelwrights, painters,
coopers, harness makers, &c.
total value of all kinds of
ical productions, is
The
mechan-
$ 435,000 annu-
Merrimack claims the first
discovery, in this region, of making
what are called Leghorn bonnets.
ally.
Misses Burnaps first made them,
years ago, and some of
their bonnets were sold at auction
several
for
$ 50.00 each.
Much
attention is now given to
manufacturing sale sacks, pants,
and overalls.
Two firms make
20,000 dozens annually, valued
at 6 200,000.
The amount paid
for making this clothing is over
$ 24,000. Females take the goods
(cut out) from the shops, and make
them, at their respective homes.
Resources. Productions of the
$94,496; _mechanical labor,
$96,400; stocks and money at insoil,
terest, $25,380; deposits in savings
banks, $ 157,847 stock in trade,
$25,375; from tourists, $2,000;
;
professional business, $ 10,000.
The
still
large available water power
unimproved, together with its
railroad facilities,
make
the future
Merrimack look encouraging for seeing a large manufacturing town within a few years.
1st ConChurches and Schools
prospects of
gregational, Rev. C. L. Hubbard,
pastor
;
number
of members, 125
•
�255
MIDDLETON.
South Merrimack, 2d Congre-
at
to
ponder the epitaph on his head
gationalism no settled pastor, 40
stone, in the cerneteiw at Merri-
twelve
members.
Tliere
are
schools in town; average length,
biography of a
for the year, twenty-one
total
weeks;
value of school houses, $6,900.
Hotel.
Merrimack House.
This town
was pari of Dunstable (now Nashua) and originally called Souhegan East. Settlements were comFirst
Settlements.
menced as early as 1733. The first
house was erected in town, several
years before any permanent settlement was made. It was located
on the margin of the
river,
and
occupied as a place of traffic with
the Indians.
Tt was owned by
John Cromwell, of England, and
was called Cromwell's House. He
carried on a profitable trade with
the Indians, for some time, in purchasing their furs, having as a
weight on the opposite scale his
foot for their furs to
weigh down.
This deception, at length, they
found out, and they determined to
kill him for his perfidy towards
them. Cromwell heard of their
intention, through some source,
buried his furs, and made his escape. Soon after his flight a party
of the Pennacook tribe made their
appearance, and not finding him,
burned his house. The town was
incorporated April 2, 1746, and deits name from the river on
which it was situated.
Hon. Matthew Thornton, one of
rived
the signers of the Declaration of
American Independence, resided
many years in this town. The
town records show that Mr.
Thornton presided over their town
meetings, and held various town
offices.
Statesmen and eminent
old
men of to-day, who
positions of trust,
hold honorable
would do well
mack.
but a worthy
It is short,
enough
to
time.
life
It is
volumes, but all
three words, " The
fill
implied in
Honed Man:''
He
died in 1803, at
the age of eighty-nine.
The people are to-day noted
their staid integrity,
for
and general
intelligence.
First Minister.
nap settled in
Rev. Jacob Bur-
1772, died in 1821.
North by Bedford,
Nashua, and west by Amherst. Area,
area of improved
19,361 acres;
Boundaries.
east by Litchfield, south by
land, 8,798 acres.
Distances. Twenty-seven miles
south from Concord, eight north
from Nashua, and six miles east
from Amherst.
The Concord
Railroads.
Rail-
road passes along its eastern border, while the Nashua and Wilton
Railroad runs through the southern part. On the Concord road
there are stations at Reed's Ferry,
Merrimack, and Thornton's Ferry
on the Wilton road,
rimack.
at
South Mer-
MIJ»10L,ETOIV.
Straffokd County.
The
sur-
even, and in some portions rocky.
By careful cultiva-
face
is
tion, the soil
can be made to yield
fine crops.
Moose Mountain,
Mountains.
which separates this town from
Brookfield,
is
the
principal
ele-
vation,
There are no ponds nor streams
of any note, consequently there
is
but very little water power.
Employments.
The employments of the people are varied.
Some
are engaged in Agriculture,
�NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER.
256
while others are employed in me75,000 shoe and
chanical labor.
carving knives are annually manufactured
;
shingles,
2,000 clapboards, 62,000
42,000
of
feet
boards
and dimension timber sawed, and
bushels of grain ground,
other small mechanical
works. The total value of manufactured goods annually produced,
6,600
besides
including grain ground, is $33,000.
Productions of the
Resources.
soil,
$23,939;
$ 20,000
;
deposits in
700;
$21,792;
savings banks,
stock in trade, $2,100;
from summer
Churches
tourists,
and
$400.
Schools.
Free-
Baptist, Rev. Seth Sawyer,
will
pastor
town
mechanical labor,
at interest, $ 2.
money
;
There are four schools in
average length for the year,
sixteen weeks.
"Rollins Hotel," and
Hotels.
" Shapley House."
;
is
is
uneven, and broken.
The
soil
good, and well adapted to agri-
But few towns in the
culture.
county produce better or more
valuable crops to the acre.
Rivers and Ponds. The upper
Amonoosuek and Androscoggin
Rivers pass through this town,
flowing in nearly opposite direc-
The
tions.
latter receives several
There are
which Cedar is
tributaries in Milan.
several ponds, of
the largest.
Employments.
The
inhabitants
are mostly engaged in agriculture.
There are several saw mills, which
annually manufacture over 4,000,
000 feet of lumber, and two starch
mills manufacturing 175 tons of
starch.
Productions of the
mechanical labor,
money at interest, $ 4,
$ 10,200
687; deposits in savings banks,
Resources.
soil,
$ 79,972
;
;
from
First Settlements. Thomas Morgan, and others came to this town
$ 324 stock
and made a settlement a few years
Boundaries.
North by Brookfield and Wakefield, east by Milton, south by Milton and New-
MethoChurches and Schools.
Church, Rev. L. E. Gordon,
There are ten school
pastor.
districts in town; average length
of schools, for the year, eight
weeks.
Union Hotel.
Hotel.
This toAvn was
Settlements.
Durham and west by New Dur-
granted to Sir William
ham.
others,
before the Revolution.
corporated
First
March 4,
Minister.
It
was
In-
1778.
Rev. Nehemi-
ah Ordway settled in
1778.
Area, 9,840, acres; improved land 3,806 acres.
Distances.
Forty miles northeast from Concord, and twentyfive north-west from Dover.
Railroad Three miles to Union
station on the Portsmouth, Great
Falls and Conway Railroad.
MILAN.
Coos County.
Although there
are no mountains of any considei*able altitude, in Milan, the surface
;
summer
in trade, $ 4,900
tourists,
$
;
4,500.
dist
Mayne and
under the name of Pauls-
burg in
1771.
It
retained
this
name until December 16, 1824,
when it was incorporated under
the name of Milan.
North
Boundaries and Area.
by hummer and Cambridge, east
by Success, south by Berlin, west
by Stark and Killkenney. Area,
31,154 acres; area of improved
land, 5,512 acres.
Distances.
fifty
One hundred and
miles north from
Concord,
�MILFORD.
twenty-two miles north-east from
Lancaster.
Railroad.
Grand Trunk
Rail-
road, passes through this town.
257
new impetus has been given to all branches of business. In
the season of 1871, the Souhegan
cotton mill was burned, which, to
some extent, has paralyzed business but the inhabitants are vigorous and industrious, and, no
doubt, will soon recover from this
disaster, and go forward with renewed zeal. Nearly all branches
of industry are pursued. There
are two meat markets, five grocery stores, four dry goods, two
clothing, two drug and medicine,
two hardware, one book, two boot
and shoe, one merchant tailor,
two stove and tin ware, one jewelry, two millinery, one furniture
and crockery store, and one fish
market.
Besides, there are two
eating houses, one hotel, two livery stables, two churches, one large
high school building, two banks,
one large social library, and about
two hundred and fifty dwelling
houses. There are also four law-
road, a
;
HlLTJSBOROUGH COUNTY.
Milford is one of the most important
towns in the State, in point of agriculture, manufactures, and trade.
It ranks in population and wealth
as the thirteenth town in the State,
and in the county, the third. It
lies on hoth sides of the Souhegan
River, which runs in an easterly
direction through the town, and
affords many valuable water privileges.
The surface is moderately
uneven.
There is some very
fine interval land on the Souhegan,
about half a mile in width, the
which is annual-
larger portion of
ly overflowed,
which causes the
be deep, black, and exceedingly fertile. The uplands, when
properly cultivated, produce excellent crops of corn, oats, &c.
Large quantities of fruit, of various kinds, are annually produced.
Much attention has been given for
a few years past, to the production
of milk for the market. Over 220,
000 gallons are annually sent to
Boston, besides what is sold in the
village. The farmers of Milford
know the valuable results obtained through " New-Hampshire"
farming; and everything about
their farms and farm buildings
soil to
indicates
that
their
knowledge
has been put into practical operation.
On
the Souhegan is located the large and thriving village
For many years it
of Milford.
Village.
has been the seat of considerable
manufacturing and trade, but since
the completion of the Wilton Rail-
yers, five physicians
and various other
One
of the finest
was
the State
pense of $
since,
dentists,
town
halls in
erected, at an ex-
45,000,
about
five years
an ornament to the
The streets are wide and
and
village.
and
offices.
is
many
of them pleasantly shaded.
In the centre of the village is a
handsome
Common,
beautifully
shaded, and around this park are
located many of the business
blocks. Many of the dwellings are
very neat, adorned with beautiful
grounds,
and
enclosed
fences.
with handsome
The
whole village bears that impress
of thrift and enterprise, which ev-
ery stranger admires, who has the
pleasure of making a visit to this
delightful town.
It is
becoming
a popular resort for tourists, and
�NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER.
258
many spend
summer
their
vaca-
summer
tourists,
$
4,000
:
profes-
&c, $ 100,000.
tion here.
sional service, trades
Employments. Many of the inhabitants are devoted to agricul-
CongreGeorge Prince, Jr.,
pastor number of members, 265.
Baptist, Rev. J. Tf. Tilton, pastor.
There are thirteen schools in town
ture, but
manufacturing and trade,
are the most important branches
of business 813,000 yards of cotton goods are manufactured carpets, &c, are annually made to
;
;
the value of $ 260,000
;
153,000 lbs.
of knitting and tidy yarn valued at
$107,100; 9,000 pairs men's boots
and shoes furniture to the value
;
of $ 100,000
90,000
;
mackerel
barrels, half barrels,
90,000
kits
and
kegs; 120,000 pictui'e and mirror
frames 70,000 portable desks and
fancy boxes; printers' furniture,
Churches and Schools.
gational, Rev.
;
classified as follows
:
three of the
primary grade, two grammar, seven mixed or ungraded, and one
high school.
Milford has taken
the advance step in education, under the public free school system.
At the June
session in 1870, the
Legislature passed an act to enable towns to abolish the district
700,000 shingles, 1,800,000
school system, and have the district embrace the whole town, under the supervision of a board of
and dimension timber sawed; 40,000 bushels grain
ground 24,000 sides upper leather
education. Under this system the
school terms are of the same length
throughout the town. At the an-
and 31,000 sides sole leather tanbesides
ned, valued at $ 306,000
nual town meeting in March, 1871.
Milford claimed the benefit of this
law, and abolished the several districts in town, and it is now comprised in one school district. No
doubt the system is a correct one,
for every scholar in town now has
the same privilege as to the length
of school terms, and grades, and
is the equal, only in distance from
school room, which cannot be ob-
;
$
10,000
;
feet of boards
;
;
piano actions, toys, extension tawindow springs, and various
other manufactured articles, too
numerous to mention. There are
also blacksmiths, carpenters, masons, marble workers, painters,
tailors, milliners, jewelers, &c.
The granite quarrying is becoming an important branch of industry. This granite is pronounced of
the best quality free from iron,
and is of easy access to the railroad.
bles,
—
men
Seventy-five
are employed on
the various ledges.
ital
The
total cap-
invested in manufactories
is
$722,300; males employed, 445,
females, 211 value of goods annu;
ally
produced
is
$
1,360,500.
Productions of the
mechanical labor,
$252,100; stocks &c, $59,300;
money at interest, $ 95,340 deposits in savings banks, $355,390;
Resources.
soil,
$ 162,500
;
;
stocks in trade,
$
142,688
;
from
viated.
The length of
schools for
the
weeks, divided
into three terms of twelve weeks
year
is
thirty-six
Amount of money annually appropriated for school purposes, $ 6,200. Amount of money
in length.
expended
to
build
and repair
schoolhouses the past year, (1872,)
$7,103.52 Present Board of Education, W. B. Orcutt, G. Pierce,
Jr., and D. S. Burnham.
Library. Milford Free Library.
Number of volumes, 2,005. Books
taken out for the year ending Jan-
�MILLSFIELD
uary, 1873, equal to one
Number
9,207 times.
volume
of persons
— MILTON.
in
an easterly and westerly direc-
tion.
taking out books, 750.
National
Souhegan
Banks.
Bank, and Milford Five Cents
Savings Bank.
Union Hotel. ValuaHotel.
ation,
$
10,000.
bles valued
at$
Two
livery sta-
11,000
259
mi
i.viiii.i)
Coos County. The surface of
town is uneven, but the soil is
.
this
and might produce good
strong,
grass and grain, if the cold climate and isolated location did not
Milford was incorporated January 11, 1794, and
included what was anciently call-
debar
Duxbury
Mile Slip and
ed
School Farm. John Burns, William Peabody, Benjamin Hopkins,
Caleb Jones, Nathan Hutchinson,
land, 4 horses, 14 cattle, 6 sheep,
First
Settlers
Bradford, Elisha Town,
Captain Josiah Crosby, and William Wallace were the first setCaptain Crosby was a revtlers.
Andrew
olutionary officer.
The blood of the sons of Milford
ran freely in the war of the great
rebellion.
The memorial
tablet
in the Town Hall building gives
the names of sixty soldiers belong-
ing to this town who were killed
or died from the effects of the war.
First Churches and Minister. A
Congregational Church was organized in 1788, and the Baptist
oi"ganized September 5, 1809, Rev.
Humphrey Moore (Congregational)
was
the
first settled
minister,
and was ordained in 1802.
North by LyndeBoundaries.
borough Mount Vernon and Amherst, east by Amherst and Hollis,
south by Hollis and Brookline, and
west by Mason and Wilton. Area
15,402 acres; area of improved
tent.
its
being settled to any ex-
In
habitants,
1870, there
were 28 inimproved
180 acres of
The north3 swine in town.
ern portion is mountainous. There
are several ponds, the largest of
which is 300 rods long and 140
Clear Stream waters its
wide,
northern extremity, and Philip's
River with several small streams
the other parts of the town.
This town was granted to Sir
and
Thomas Mills, George Boyd and
others, March I, 1774.
North by Dixville,
by Errol, south by Dummer,
and west by Odell and Dixville
Boundaries.,
east
Area, 23,200 acres.
150 miles north from
Distances.
Concord, and 36 north-east from
Lancaster.
aiii/roN.
Strafford County. This is
an important town in point of
The surface is
manufactories.
broken and affords excellent pas-
The soil is generally
when properly tilled,
turage.
and,
duces
good,
pro-
fair crops.
Rivers.
the
Salmon
eastern
Falls River
section
wa-
of the
land, 10,547.
ters
Thirty-one miles
Distances.
south from Concord, five southwest from Amherst, and ten north
west of Nashua.
Railroad. Nashua and Wilton
Railroad passes through the town,
town. A branch of this river passes through the northern part, and
unites with it at the eastern border
of the town, near the center of the
line.
There is some valuable water power, a part of which is im-
�NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER.
260
proved with valuable manufacto-
money annually appropriated
ries.
school purposes $ 1,645,85.
Literary
Institution.
-Milton
Classical Institute, Mr. J. H.
Ponds and Mountains.
Pond
Milton
the foot of Teneriffe
Mountain, a bold and rocky elevation which extends along the eastlies at
ern part of the town.
Employments. The employments
of the inhabitants are nearly equally divided between farming on the
one side and manufacturing and
trading on the other. At Milton
Mills there is considerable manufacturing one manufactory annu-
—
ally producing over $ 170,000 worth
of flannels and blankets. There
are also produced in other manufactories, 200,000 yards of felt cloth,
embossing cloth,
20,000 printing, or piano and table
Also carriages. At the
covei's.
South part there are made over
$ 100,000 worth of shoes, 15,000 clap150,000 yards of
boards, 325,000 shingles, 15,000
railroad splices, 5,000 shooks, 475,
000 feet of lumber 'besides, there
Ham,
for
pi'incipal.
Franklin House.
At
Milton Mills, Central House.
First Organization. Milton was
formerly a part of Rochester, and
was incorporated June 11, 1802.
Boundaries.
North - west by
Middleton and Wakefield, east by
Hotels.
Salmon
Falls river, which sepafrom Lebanon, Maine, and
south-west by Farmington and
rates
it
New
acres;
Durham.
area
of
Area,
25,000
improved land,
8,517 acres.
Forty miles north-
Distances.
from Concord, and twenty
north-west from Dover.
The Portsmouth,
Railroads.
Great Falls and Conway Railroad
passes through this town, nearly
north and south.
east
;
are carriage and other small mechanical shops. The total value
of goods, of all kinds, annually
manufactured in town
is
$520,000.
Productions of the
mechanical labor,
soil, $68,192;
$65,000; money at interest, $5,
250; deposits in savings banks,
Resources.
'
$ 21,193.
Churches and Schools. Congregational, Rev. F. Haley, pastor;
Freewill Baptist, Rev. Joseph F.
Joy, pastor; Christian, Rev. D. E.
Goodwin. Milton Mills, Congregational, Rev. D. B. Scott, pastor;
Baptist, Rev. Caleb F.Page, pastor.
There are also Rev. J. S. Potter,
Freewill Baptist, and Elder I. J.
$
67,874; stock in trade,
Tebbits,
Methodist.
There are
Aver-
thirteen schools in town.
age length of schools, for the year,
seventeen weeks.
Amount of
ITIOIVROE.
Grafton County. The
town
surface
broken with hills
and valleys, and affords excellent
of this
grazing.
good, and,
is
The soil is generally
when properly culti-
vated, produces fine crops of grain
There is considerable
and hay.
interval on the river, and the west
slope of Gardner's mountain produces excellent grass and wheat.
River. Connecticut River washes its western border. At the narrows in this town, the river is
only five rods in width, being conThe
by walls of slate.
•fined
scenery, at this point, is grand and
Near the north -west-
picturesque.
ern extremity of the town, at the
confluence of the Connecticut and
Passumpsic rivers, the former as-
sumes the shape of a diamond,
its
�261
MOULTONBOROTJGH.
and affording a delightful land-
wheat, corn, potatoes, &c. The
town ranks as the sixth town in
the county, in the value of its ag-
scape.
ricultural products.
Bog iron ore, zinc
Minerals.
and copper ore are found in various localities.
Employments. The inhabitants
Red Hill
Rivers, Ponds, &c.
River, the principal stream, originates in Sandwich, and passes
are largely engaged in farming.
The lumber business is extensivebushels
on.
1,400
ly carried
wheat, 3,000 bushels corn, and
9,000 bushels of oats and barley
piseogee.
are annually produced.
town.
Red Hill, lying
Mountains.
wholly in this town, is about 2,000
feet above the level of the sea,
about one
twenty islands,
greatest width being
mile, encircling
Productions of the
$61,254; mechanical labor,
Resources.
soil,
$
15,000
money
;
deposits
976;
in
$
at interest,
19,
savings banks,
$ 20; stock in trade, $ 8,800; from
tourists, $ 3,000.
Churches and Schools. Christian,
There
Union, and Methodist.
Average
are six schools in town.
length of schools for the year,
twenty-three weeks.
Hotel.
Organization.
Monroe
was disannexed from the western
part of Lyman, and formed into a
separate town, July
13, 1854.
North by Littleton, east by Lyman, south by Bath,
and west by Barnet, Vermont.
Area of improved land, 8,246
Boundaries.
acres.
Distances.
By
railroad, ninety-
seven miles north from Concord,
and fifteen north from Haverhill.
Railroad. At Mclndoe's Falls,
on the Passumpsic Railroad, in
Vermont,
is
town into the WinniLong Pond is a beauti-
this
ful sheet of
water, and connects
by a channel sixty
Avith the lake
Squam and Winrods in length.
nipiseogee Lakes lie partly in this
and commands notice from the
east, south, and west, and extends
about three miles from east to
west, between Red Hill River on
the north, Great Squam on the
west, Great Squam and Long
Pond on the south, terminating
south-east by a neck of fine land,
extending into the Winnipiseogee.
Monroe House.
First
through
the station for
Mun-
A
number
of oval bluffs rise on
summit, from each of which
the prospect, on either hand, is
its
The
extensive and delightful.
north bluff is supposed to consist
Bog ore is
of a body of iron ore.
found in a brook descending from
This mountain is covered with soil, and is wooded
It owes its
nearly to its summit.
name to the circumstance of the
this bluff.
Uva Ursa, with which it is
covered, changing to a brilliant
Ossipee
red in the autumn.
Mountain extends its base into
leaves,
.
this
roe.
nOVLTONBOROCGH,
Carroll County. The
surface
of Moultonborough is mountainous, but the soil is deep and fertile,
and yields good crops of
town, and
is
a commanding
elevation.
Springs. On the south part of
Ossipee Mountain, in Moultonborough, is a mineral chalybeate
spring, the water strongly impregnated with iron and sulphur, and
�NEW-HAMPSHIKE GAZETTEER.
262
efficacious in cutaneous eruptions.
soil,
About a mile north
$7,600 money at interest, $3,064
deposits in savings banks, $22,
is
a spring
of pure, cold water,- sixteen feet in
diameter, through the centre of
which the water, containing a
small portion of white sand, is
constantly thrown up to the height
of two feet.
The spring furnishes
water sufficient for mills. On the
stream, nearly a mile below, is a
beautiful
water-fall
of
seventy
Descending
on the left of this fall, a cave is
found, containing charcoal and
other evidences of its having once
been a hiding place for the Infeet
perpendicular.
dians.
Indians. The Ossipee tribe of
Indians once resided in this vicinity, and some years since a tree
was standing in Moultonborough,
on which was carved in bierogliphics the history of their expe-
Many
Indian implements
have been found, indicating this to have been once their
favorite residence.
In 1820, on a
small island in Lake Winnipiseogee, was found a curious gun barrel, much worn by age and rust,
ditions.
and
relics
divested of its stock, enclosed in
the body of a pitch pine tree, sixteen inches in diameter.
On the
line of Tuftonborough, on
the
shore of the lake, at the mouth of
Molvin River, a gigantic skeleton
was found, about sixty years since,
buried in a sandy soil, apparently
that of a man more than seven
feet high, the jaw bone easily
passing over the face of a large
man.
Employments.
Agriculture is
the principal
people.
000 feet
employment of the
and 325,
of boards &c, are annual700,000 shingles,
ly sawed.
Resources.
Productions of the
$109,622;
mechanical labor,
;
442
;
stock in trade, $ 10,401
summer
tourists,
$
;
from
3,600.
Churches and Schools.
MethoChurch, Rev. Henry Chandler, pastor. There are
seventeen school districts in this
town, and sixteen schools. Average length of schools for the year,
nineteen weeks.
Hotels. Jaclard House.
dist Episcopal
First Settlements.
Moultonborough was granted by the Masonian proprietors to Col. Jonathan
Moulton and sixty-one others, No-
vember 17, 1763.
Incorporated
November 27, 1777.
In the month of August, 1784, a
boy of Mr. Leach, eight years of
age, was sent to a pasture, towards
the close of the day, to put out a
horse and bring home the cows.
His father, being in a neighboring
field, heard a cry of distress, and
running to the fence, saw his child
lying on the ground, and a bear
standing by him.
He seized a
stake and crept along, with a view
to get between the bear and the
child.
The bear took the child by
the throat, and drew him into the
bushes.
The father pursued till
he came up, and aiming a stroke
at the bear, the stake broke in his
hand, and the bear, leaving his
prey, turned upon the parent, who,
in the anguish of his soul, was
obliged to retreat, and call for
help. Before any sufficient- help
could be obtained, the night was
so far advanced that a search was
The night was
impracticable.
passed by the family in the utmost
distress.
The neighbors assembled, and, at break of day, renewed the pursuit. The child's hat.
�MOUNT VERNON.
and the bridle, which he had dropwere found, and they tracked
ed,
his blood about forty rods,
they
discovered
The
corpse.
the
throat
when
mangled
was torn,
Whilst
and one thigh devoured.
they were standing around the
body, the bear arose from behind
a log. Three guns were tired at
him at the same instant, which
dispatched him, and a fire was
immediately kindled, in which he
was consumed.
First Ministers.
Rev. Samuel
Perley, Congregational, ordained
263
tions a fine prospect of the coun-
east and south-east, can be
obtained. On the top of one of
these elevations is situated the
try,
flourishing village of
Mount Ver-
non, which has become noted for
its fine scenery, healthy location,
literary institution, and as a summer resort for tourists from Boston,
New-York, and other large
cities.
Streams. There is but one stream
of any note. It rises in the north
part and passes into Amherst near
the eastern extremity of the plain.
miles
north
This stream was called, by the InQuohyuinaspassakessanandians,
uaquog.
Farming and
Employments.
keeping summer boarders are the
principal occupations of the inhabThe manufacture of fancy
itants.
writing desks and boxes has been
carried on quite extensively for a
number of years. The value of
these desks and boxes, annually
manufactured, is about $ 45,000.
Productions of the
Resources.
soil,
$ 72,973 mechanical labor,
$21,200; money at interest, $13,
670; deposits in savings banks,
from Concord, and about
north-west from Ossipee.
fifteen
$36,739; stock in trade, $6,225;
stage to
from summer tourists, $ 6,200.
Churches and Schools. Congregational Church, Rev. Seth H.
Keeler, pastor. There are five
in 1778, died in 1779;
Rev. Jere-
miah
Shaw, ordained in 1779;
Rev. Joshua Dodge, settled in
1808.
The first house for public
worship was erected in 1773, and
blown down by a violent east
wind, in 1819. The Congregational
church was formed March 12, 1777.
Boundaries.
North by Sandwich and Tarn worth, east by Ossipee and Tuftonborough, south by
Lake Winnipiseogee, and west by
Centre Harbor and Squam Lake.
Area of
improved land,
14,265
acres.
Distances.
Fifty
By
Railroads.
Meredith
Railroad.
expected
When
that
shire Central,
Ossipee
through
on the
and Montreal
station, ten miles,
Concord,
Boston,
daily
completed,
the
it is
New-Hamp-
and Meredith and
Railroads
tliis town.
will
pass
MOUNT VERNON.
Hillsborough Count?. The
town is uneven and
surface of this
is strong and
productive, well adapted to grass
and grain. On many of the eleva-
elevated, but the soil
;
schools in town, average length for
the year, twenty weeks.
Literary Institution.
Institute
Mc Collom
was organized
D. A. Anderson
is
in
1850;
the Principal.
Mount Vernon Public
. Library.
Library, 200 volumes, and Mc Collom Institute Library, 600.
Hotels. One of the finest hotels
in the State
was burnt in this town,
and has not been
in April, 1872,
rebuilt.
�NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER.
264
First Organization. Mount Vernon was originally a part of Amherst, from which it was disannexed, and incorporated, Decem-
ber
15, 1803.
First
tional
Church.
The Congrega-
Church was organized here
in 1780.
North by NewBoundaries.
Boston; east by Amherst, south by
Amherst and Milford, and west by
Lyndeborough. Area, 7,957 acres,
improved land, 6,942 acres.
Twenty-eight miles
Distances
south from Concord, -and three
north-west from Amherst.
Railroads. It is four and onehalf miles to Milford station, on
the Wilton railroad.
NASHUA.
Hillsborough County.
Nashand part shire town of
the county, is one of the most im-
ua
(a city)
portant cities in the State, being
the second in the value of its manufactories, the third in population,
and fourth in wealth. It presents
a very even surface in the eastern
portion, while the western part
is
more broken, but not mountainous. The soil is varied and easy
of cultivation, and produces good
crops, especially along the banks
of the rivers.
It is
and the Nashua River, having
source in Massachusetts, flows
in
a north-easterly
direction
through the city, and joins the
Merrimack near the principal settlement.
This river near its
mouth furnishes some excellent
der,
its
water power, which
the
called
who had
" Nashaway,'
their headquarters
on
its
banks, in the present town of LanIt was a
caster", Massachusetts.
great resort for them near the
Falls in Nashua for fishing, and,
above and below its mouth, on the
Merrimack, for cultivation. Salmon Brook is a considerable
flowing
from
stream,
Massachusetts, and joins the Merrimack
here. There is some water power, which is improved.
This city
is
noted for
its
sive Iron Mills and Cotton
factories
exten-
Manu-
and the enterprising and
public spirit of
its
inhabitants.
It
one of the largest railroad centres in the State.
No less than six
railroads have their termini here
viz. Boston, Lowell and Nashua,
Worcester and Nashua, Nashua
and Acton, Nashua and Wilton,
Concord and Nashua and RochesThese various
ter Railroads.
is
roads lead to all sections of the
country, north, east, south, and
west.
It has many fine streets, beautifully shaded, and many of the private residences are fine structures
and compare favorably with those
of any city or town in the State.
Some of the business blocks are
large and very expensive
a number of which have been built within a few years. The City Hall is
a fine brick building, having a
dome surmounted by a large
gilt eagle.
The mercantile houses
are principally located on two
streets, and contain about one
hundred and twenty-five stores
and shops for trade of various
kinds many of them being large,
with goods finely displayed. There
are eleven church edifices, twenty;
well watered by
ivers and smaller streams. The
Merrimack washes its eastern borRivers.
dians
occupied by
large Cotton Manufactories. The
river was named for a tribe of Inis
—
eight schools, three hotels, seven
�265
NASHUA.
houses, five banks, two
weekly and two daily newspapers,
2,100 dwelling houses and about
eating
12,000 inhabitants.
The per
cent,
of increase in wealth and population, for the past three years, has
been quite as great as that of any
city in the State.
The manufac-
Manufactories.
tures are varied and quite extensive, the
most important of which
are as follows
Nashua Manufacturing Company,
capital,
§1,000,000; employs 300
800 women and chil-
men and
dren; annual payroll §360.000;
produce 13,970,891 yards of fine
sheetings, print cloth,
and cotton
valued at $ 1,862,275.
Jackson Manufacturing Company, capital, § 600,000, employ
100 men, and 350 women and
children annual pay roll $ 150,000
produce 9,054,800 yards of cotton cloth, valued at § 1,086,576.
Vale Mills. Capital, §300,000;
employ 30 men, and 50 women
and children annual pay roll $ 24,
000, and produce 884,000 yards of
cotton cloth valued at § 97,200
Nashua Iron and Steel Company, capital, $ 500,000
employ 300
men annual pay roll § 180,000
flannels,
;
;
;
;
value of productions, §2,000,000.
This Company produces steel tire,
locomotives, cranks, heavy iron
and steel shafting, and all kinds of
Nashua Foundry, capital, § 45,
employ 70 men; annual
000.00;
pay roll, §36,000; annual sales,
§ 100,000.
Warner and Whitney. Machine
employ
Shop, capital, § 50,000
60 men pay roll § 28,000 annual
value of productions, § 100,000.
A. H, Saunders, Machinist, capanital, § 25,000 employs 10 men
nual pay roll, §8,600; production,
§ 40,000.
Flathen & Company, Machinists,
capital, § 12,000; employ 16 men;
annual pay roll §9,600; produc;
;
;
;
;
tion, §24,000.
Nashua Lock Company, capital,
employ 134 males, and
annual pay roll, § 60,
16 females
§60,000,
;
000
;
sales,
§
180,000.
American Patent Horse Clipping
Company, capital, § 10,000 patent
sales, § 10,000.
Nashua Card and Glazed Paper
Company, capital, § 100,000, employ 75 males, and 75 females, an;
nual pay roll, §57,000; annual value of productions, § 450,000.
Eaton and Ayer, bobbins, spools
and shuttles
for cotton
and woolen
employ
factories. Capital §100,000,
200 men, pay
roll,
ductions, § 175,000.
Fletcher, Webster
facturers
of
§ 84,000
& Co.,
;
pro-
manu-
black walnut
and
chestnut furniture, capital §75,000
employ 60 males and 20 females
heavy and light iron and steel work.
Their- grounds cover twenty acres.
Within their enclosure, are six
large buildings each 200 feet long,
and 75 feet wide, making the area
covered with buildings about two
annual pay-roll, §44,600; sales,
§ 120,000.
Nashua Novelty Works, manu-
acres.
Capital,
Nashua Iron Company, capital,
§60,000; employ 95 men; annual
and
pay
§ 52,800 annual value of
production, § 190,000.
roll,
;
facture bird cages, toy sleds, toy
wagons, and almost every description of toys in the juvenile line.
§ 25,000
3 females;
;
employ 15 males
annual pay-roll,
§9,600; sales, §30,000.
Gregg & Son, doors, sash and
blinds;
capital,
§65,000; employ
�NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER.
266
65
men;
pay-roll, $36,000;
annual
dist,
Rev. H. L. Kelsey;
sales, $96,000.
Melendy & Co., planing and
mouldings, capital, $20,000; employ 12 men, annual pay-roll, $7,
200; business $65,000 annually;
Unitari-
Gorman; Univer-
an, Rev. T. L.
salist,
lumber $60,000, and flour and
meal ground, $ 13,400. (See tables.)
There are, also, annually produced, monuments, grave stones,
and granite cutting, $ 100,000 confectionery and baker's bread, $120,
matresses, $ 50,000 gas, $ 40,
000
000; newspaper and job printing,
;
;
;
$45,000; bedsteads, $10,000; besides soap-stone work, Underhiirs
edge
tools,
wooden boxes, paper
suspenders, and various
other mechanical shops and trades,
such as tailors, milliners, shoe
boxes,
workmen, blacksmiths, carpenters,
The total cappainters, &c, &c.
invested in manufacturing, of
every description, is $3,436,300;
number of males employed, 1690;
ital
females,
Annual amount
1380.
annual
paid for labor, $ 1,374,000
value of productions, $ 7,393,500.
Productions of the
Resources.
;
soil,
$1,374,000;
ional
mechanical labor,
engaged in profess-
$88,550;
and personal business, trade
and transportation, 1080 persons;
annual amount received for their
labor, $ 648,000 stocks and bonds,
$ 188,040, money at interest, $ 53,
098; deposits in savings banks, $ 1,
410,231 stock in trade, $ 994,000.
First
Churches and Pastors.
;
;
Congregational, Rev. F. Alvord;
Oliver St. Congregational, Rev.
J. S. Blake; Pearl Street Congregational, Rev. C. Wetherby;
First Roman Catholic, Rev. J. O'
Donnell, priest; French Roman
Catholic, Rev. J. Millette, priest;
Main
V. A.
Chestnut Street Metho-
Street Methodist, Rev.
Cooper;
Rev. L. A. Philbrook; BapRev. G. W. Nicholson; Episcopal, Rev. J. B. Goodrich, rector.
Many of these Churches have
very fine edifices.
The French
Catholic church is new and a
handsome and expensive structist,
ture.
Schools. There are twenty-eight
graded schools. Average length
of schools, for the year, thirty-nine
weeks.
2,325.
Number of scholars,
Amount of money annu-
appropriated for school pur$ 26,400.65, or $ 11.36 to each
scholar in the city. A high school
building is to be erected on the
grounds of the old cemetery, on
Spring Street, at an expense of
$ 65,000, also one at the Harborborough, costing $ 10,000.
When
these two school buildings are
completed, the value of school
houses, including lots, will be
$ 170,000. But one other city in the
State appropriates as much money
ally
poses,
The high
under the charge of
H. Hussey. The Nashua
for school purposes.
school
T.
W.
is
Literary
was estabDavid Crosby is
Institution
lished in 1835.
the principal.
(See Literary In-
stitutions.)
Libraries.
ry, 6,000
Nashua City LibraPersons own-
volumes.
ing private libraries, of 600 volumes or over, are A. H. Saunders,
Dr. E. Spaulding, William BarH. B. Atherton, Judge G. Y.
Sawyer, Hon. John H. Goodale,
W. W. Bailey, and Rev. J. O
Donnell.
New - Hampshire
Newspapers.
Telegraph, weekly; Daily Telegraph; New-Hampshire Gazette,
and Hillsborough .County Adverrett,
1
�267
NASHUA.
tiser,
weekly; and Nashua Daily
Nashua
Gazette.
Historical So-
First Settlements.
Nashua was
settled prior to 1673,
and was thp
settlement
in
southern
ciety is in a flourishing condition,
earliest
having a large collection of an-
October
15,
New-Hampshire.
1673, it was incorporated by Mas-
tique curiosities.
(See tables.)
First National Bank,
Banks.
Indian Head National Bank, capital, $270,000; City Savings Bank,
Nashua Savings Bank, and Metotal
chanics'
Savings Bank;
amount of deposits, $ 2,861,102.82.
(See tables.)
Indian Head House and
Hotels.
Tremont House.
Pennichuck WaWatenvorks.
terworks were constructed in 1854.
The water is taken from an artificial pond, containing from twenty
to thirty acres,
and
is
fed by
many
The water
never-failing springs.
forced into a large reservoir,
half a mile north of the City Hall,
and about one hundred and ten
is
under the name of
Dunstable, and comprised within
sachusetts,
borders, Hollis, Merrimack,
and Hudson, in New-Hampshire,
and Tyngsborough, -Dunstable,
and parts of Groton, Peperell, and
Townsend, in Massachusetts, and
Litchfield,
portions of Pelham,
Milford, and Brookline, in NewHampshire. It belonged to Mas-
its
sachusetts
till
the division line be-
tween the two provinces was setIt was incorporated
tled, in 1741,
by New-Hampshire, April 1746,
under the same name, and continued so till 1837, when it was
changed to Nashua. In 1680, there
thirty families in town.
were
above its foundation. Hydrants have been placed at convenient distances through the city
proper, to guard against devastating fires.
The water is pure,
soft and excellent for culinary
Among
use.
In 1803, a post office was established at the village of Nashua, then
feet
Future,
Its
section of
more
Few
cities in this
New-England have a
flattering future,
as to in-
crease of wealth, population, and
all other advances in civilization,
such as schools, churches, benevolent
societies,
railroads,
etc.
With
coming from
all
its
six
sections
of the country, its large iron mills,
constantly increasing in business,
extensive cotton factories, and
other important manufactories, there is no doubt but it will
increase in every resource, fifty
per cent, within the next ten years.
its
many
She yields the palm to none of her
sister cities, in the mechanical and
inventive genius of her sons.
the
first
settlers in
this
was Edward Tyng, who
came here soon after it was incorThe names of Weld,
porated.
locality,
Blanchard, Waldo,
were among the
Cummings &c.
first
settlers.
containing a few stores, hotel and
The
several dwelling houses.
canal boat was launched
first
about this time, with much parade, and christened, " The Nashua," and " Nashua Village." The
charter for the
turing
Nashua Manufac-
Company was obtained
in
and Mill No. 1 went into operation in December, 1825. In 1827,
No. 2 Mill was built, and No. 3 in
1824,
1836.
Indians.
Dunstable
was the
frontier settlement, for over fifty
and as such was exposed to
Indian attacks, and subjected to
all the cruelties and hardships of a
years,
�NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER.
268
savage warfare.
war
in 1675, the
doned.
During Philip's
town was aban-
neither acted with
ty.
The
much
soldiers, so
proprie-
suddenly
in-
several persons
terrupted in their jovial entertain-
were killed. In 1702, a party of
Indians made an assault upon the
ment, found themselves called upon to fight, when entirely destitute
of arms, and incapable of obtaining any. The greater part were
panic struck, and unable to fight
Fortunately, all
or fly.
were
In
1691,
settlement, and killed several per-
among whom was
Thomas Weld.
sons,
the Rev.
On the third day of July, 1706,
a party of Indians made a descent
upon Dunstable, (now Nashua),
where they fell on a garrison that
had twenty troopers in it. The
troopers had been ranging the
woods in the vicinity, and at night
came towards the garrison appre;
hending no danger, they turned
upon the interarms and harness
the house, and began a carousal,
their horses loose
val, piled their
in
to exhilirate their spirits after the
The Indians
had lately arrived in the vicinity.
That day they had
designed
attack
to
both
Wells'
and
fatigues of the day.
One of their
number had been "stationed to
Golusha's garrisons.
watch each of these houses, to see
that no assistance approached, and
no alarm was given.
A short
time previous to the arrival of the
cavalry, the Indian stationed at
Wells' returned to his party, an d
all was safe.
At
Mr. Cummings and his
wife went out to milk their cows
and left the gate open. The Indians who had advanced undiscovered, started up, shot Mrs. Cummings dead upon the spot, and
reported that
sunset, a
wounded her
husband.
They
through the open
gate into the house, with all the
horrid yells of conquering savages, but started with amazement
at finding the room filled with solders, merrily feasting. Both parties were completely amazed, and
then rushed
not in this sad condition some six
or seven men, with chairs, clubs,
and whatever they could seize upon, furiously attacked the advancing foe. The Indians who were as
much surprised as the soldiers,
had but little more courage than
they, and immediately took to
their heels for safety, thus yielding the house, defeated by one
quarter of their number of unarmThe trumpeter, who
ed men.
was in the upper part of the house
at the time of the attack, seized
trumpet, and commenced
his
sounding an alarm, when he was
shot dead by an Indian on the
stair way.
He was the only one of
the party killed.
September 4, 1724, the Indians
again fell on Dunstable, and took
two captives in the evening. The
persons taken were Nathan Cross,
and Thomas Blanchard, who had
;
been engaged in the manufacture
of turpentine, on the north side of
the Nashua River, near where the
city of
Nashua now stands. At
were no houses nor
that time there
settlements on that side of the rivThese men had been in the
er.
habit of returning every night, to
lodge in a saw mill on the other
That night, not returning
side.
as usual, an alarm
was feared
was given.
had fallen
that they
It
in-
A
parto the hands of the Indians.
ty consisting of ten of the princi-
pal inhabitants of the place start-
�NASHUA.
ed in search of them, under the
direction of one French, a sergeant of militia. In this company
was Farwell, who was afterward
lieutenant under Lovewell. When
<
they arrived at the spot where the
men had been laboring, they
cut,
the hoops of the barrel*
and the turpentine spread up-
on
the
found
ground.
From
certain
marks upon the trees, made with
coal mixed with grease, they understood that the men were taken
In the
and carried off alive.
course of this examination, Farwell perceived that the turpentine
had not ceased spreading, and called the attention of his comrades
to this circumstance. They concluded that the Indians had been
gone but a short time, and must
still be near, and decided upon
instant pursuit. Farwell advised
them to take a circuitous route to
avoid any ambush. But, unfortunately, he and French, a short
time previous, had had a misunderstanding, and were still at variance. French imputed this advice to cowardice, and called out,
" I am going* to take the direct
path if any of you are not afraid,
let him follow me." French led the
way, and the whole party followed,
falling in
the
rear.
Farwell
Their route was up the Merrimack, towards which they bent
their course, to look for their
horses upon the interval. At the
;
Lutwyche's (now
brook, near
Thornton's Ferry,) they were wayThe Indians fired upon them
laid.
and killed the larger part instant-
A few fled, but were overtaken
French was killand destroyed.
ed about a mile from the place of
ly.
action.
Farwell, in the rear, see-
ing those before
him
fall,
sprang
269
behind a
and ran.
discharged his rifle
Indians pursued
him the chase was vigorously
maintained for some time, without gaining much advantage, till
Farwell passing through a thicket, the Indians lost sight of him,
and fearing he might have loaded
again, they desisted. Farwell wa3
the only one of the company that
escaped.
A company from the
neighborhood mustered, upon the
news of this disaster, proceeded to
the fated spot, took up the bodtree,
Two
;
ies of their friends and townsmen,
and intered them in the burying
ground.
Blanchard and Cross
were carried to Canada after remaining there some time, they
;
succeeded,
by their own
exertions,
in effecting their^edemption,
and
returned to their native town.
In 1725, John Lovewell with Josiah Farwell as lieutenant, raised
a company of volunteers, and
marched northward
in pursuit of
In their two first expeditions, they killed eleven Indians, and took some prisoners;
but in the third they met with a
disastrous defeat by incautiously
falling into an ambuscade at Lovewell's Pond, in Fryeburg, Maine.
Sixteen were killed and eleven
the enemy.
wounded.
Among
the killed were
Captain Lovewell, Lieutenant Farwell and Ensign Robins, all of
Dunstable.
The noted chief
" Pagus," was killed. This disaster was a hard blow to the settlement, but it brought peace to this
whole section of New England,
and taught the Indians that swift
retribution
was sure
to follow their
savage cruelties to the settlers.
The song of the heroes of " Lovewell Fight," was cherished, and
sung at, the evening fireside, by the
�NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER.
270
sons and daughters of the settlers,
for
many
years.
In 1842, the northern portion of
Nashua, on the north side of
Nashua river, and on the south
side as far as the Concord railroad,
was disannexed and formed into a town called Nashville, and dividing the village by the river,
leaving in the new town the Depot, the Jackson Cotton Mills,
three churches,
two
hotels, fifteen
or twenty stores and over two
thousand inhabitants. This division was caused largely on the location of the
Town Hall.
City Charter.
In
1853, the
two
towns were consolidated and chartered as the city of Nashua. The
mayors under the city charter
have been, in 1853, Joseph Baldwin; 1855, Freeman S. Rogers;
1857,
Thomas W.
bin Beard
yer;
Morrill;
Spaulding;
man;
1868,
1858, Al-
;
Aaron W. SawGeorge Bowers; 1862,
1861,
Hiram T.
Gillis
1860,
;
Edward
Virgin C.
1865,
1866,
1864,
Gilman
George Bowers
Gil-
Scripture;
1869,
;
Jona-
Otterson;
1871, Dana
1872, Seth D. Chandler;
1873, Frank A. McKean.
than D.
Sargent;
The population,
decades, has been,
1790, 632;
1800,
at the various
in
705;
1775,
862; 1810,
1,049;
1820, 1,142; 1830, 2,417; 1840, 5,960;
1850, 8,942;
1860, 10,065;
and
1870,
At no time since 1840, has
town increased in population, and business more rapidly
than it has since 1870, and the num10,541
the
ber of inhabitants is now (1874,)
estimated at 12,000—polls, 2,800.
The valuation of the city is $10,
388,693.
First Ministers. Rev. Thomas
Weld, Congregational
settled in
1685; killed by the Indians in 1702,
;
Rev. Nathaniel Prentice, settled
in 1718; died in 1737; Rev. Josiah
Swan, settled in 1738; dismissed
in 1746 Rev. Samuel Bird, settled
in 1747; dismissed in 1751; Rev.
Joseph Kidder, settled in 1767;
;
died in 1818.
• Boundaries.
North by Merrimack, east by Litchfield and Hudson, south by Tyngsborough and
Dunstable
Massachusetts,
and
west by Hollis.
Area, 18,898
acres; area of improved land, 6,
069 acres.
Distances.
Thirty-five
south from Concord, and
north of west from Boston.
miles
forty
NELSON.
Cheshire County.
Nelson is
on the height of land, between the Connecticut and Merrisituated
mack Rivers.
but affords
The
soil is
The surface is hilly
excellent pasturage.
generally hard to culti-
vate, but yields the
husbandman a
good return for his labor. Harrisville was disannexed from
its
southern part, and, with the northern portion of Dublin, formed
into a separate totvn, with the
name
of Harrisville, in 1870.
Ponds. There are several ponds
in town of which Long Pond is
the largest.
Employments.
Agriculture
is
the principal vocation of the peoAt a small village, called
ple.
Monsonville, in the north-west
section of the town, are several
manufactories. J. D. Colony &
Sons' cotton mill annually manufactures 468,000 yards cotton sheetThere
ing, valued at $58,500.
are, also, chair, lumber, and other
small mechanical shops.
Productions of the
Resources.
soil,
$22,362;
mechanical labor,
�271
NEW-BOSTON.
$
16,800
terest,
banks,
$
stocks and
;
$
5,600
;
money
at in-
deposits in savings
stock in trade,
$48,781;
7,645.
Churches and Schools. CongreMark Gould, pasThere are six schools in
tor.
town. Average length of schools,
for the year, sixteen weeks.
gational, Rev.
The town was
Monadnock numwas granted by
First Settlement.
originally called
ber
six.
It
the Masonian proprietors, February 22, 1774, under the name of
Packersfield, and included a part
of Roxbury. It was changed to
its present name in June, 1814.
Breed Batchelder and Dr. Nathaniel Breed commenced the first settlement in 1767.
The Congrega-
First Minister.
be found
show
in
different localities,
that the agricultural inter-
wholly neglected.
Several
Streams and Ponds.
streams water this town, the largest of which is the south branch
of the Piscataquog River, having
its source in Pleasant Pond, in
Beard's Pond, and
Francestown.
Jo English Pond are the principal bodies of water. There are
many good water privileges.
Elevations. In the south part is
a considerable elevation, called
Jo English Hill, one side of
est is not
which
is
nearly
perpendicular.
The scenery around here partakes
of the
largely
alpine character,
with rocks piled on rocks, and hills
on hills.
Agriculture is
Employments.
Church was organized here,
Rev. Joseph
January 31, 1781.
Foster was installed as its pastor
the same year. He was dismissed
the principal vocation of the in-
in 1791.
annually produced.
There are annually manufactured, news paper, valued at $78,
tional
Boundaries. North by Stoddard,
east by Hancock, south by Harrisville, and west by Sullivan.
Distances.
Forty miles southwest from Concord, and eleven
north from Keene.
Railroad. By stage, three times
a week, eleven miles, to Keene
station.
NEW
BOSTON.
New
Hillsborough County.
Boston is an important farming
town, ranking as the fourth in the
county in the value of its agricultural productions.
Its surface is
uneven, consisting of fertile hills,
productive vales, and some valuable
meadows.
The
soil is favora-
ble for all the various productions
common
State,
to
this
section
and the many
fine
of
the
farms to
habitants.
1,200 bushels wheat,
pounds
and 3,600 tons of hay are
7,600 bushels corn, 36,000
butter,
300; leather, $8,400; 20,000 clap225,000 shingles and laths,
boards
;
1,500,000 feet boards
and dimension
timber, valued at $27,300; 15,000
bushels grain ground, $24,000; 900
door
piano forte cases, $ 15,000
knobs, $1,500; besides, bureaus
and fancy boxes, harnesses, boots,
shoes, &c. There are also carpenters, blacksmiths, painters, masons and other trades. The total
value of mechanical goods, annually produced, is $ 178,400.
;
The lower village, which lies in
a deep, narrow valley, and on the
Piscataquog, is the seat of considerable trade and manufacturing,
having a church, graded school,
several stores, hotel, etc.
Resources.
Productions of the
�NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER.
272
soil, $ 150,057
mechanical labor,
$ 32,500 stocks and money at interest, $ 18,030
deposits in savings banks, $ 187,923
stock in
trade, $ 20,000 from summer tourists, $ 3,000 professional business,
$ 12,000.
Baptist,
Churches and Schools.
NEWBCRTT.
;
Merrimack County. Newbury
;
;
uneven and broken with
is
hills,
and Rev. John Atwood, pastors;
but the soil is deep and fertile,
and produces large crops of corn,
wheat, oats and potatoes.
Rivers and Ponds. Todd's pond,
500 rods long, and 60 wide, is the
largest body of water in town.
This pond affords a small branch
Presbyterian, Rev. D. C. Frink,,
to
There are fifteen schools
in town, two of which are graded.
Average length of schools, for the
year, eighteen weeks.
Value of
school houses, $ 8,050.
Hotel and Livery Stable.
Columbian Hotel. H. Lynch, livery
lies
;
;
;
Rev. Jesse M. Colburn,
(in 1870),
pastor.
stable.
Persons by
of Cochran, Wilson,
McNeil, Ferson and
First Settlements.
the name
Caldwell,
Smith made the
1733.
It
first
settlement, in
was granted, by Massa-
chusetts, to inhabitants of Boston,
January
years,
14,
was
Boston."
It
1736, and, for
called " Lane's
many
New-
was incorporated by
New -Hampshire,
1763, as
February 18,
New-Boston. Fifty years
ago the town contained 1,686
in-
habitants; at present, (1870) 1,241.
First Minister.
Rev. Solomon
Moor, ordained in
1768,
died in
1803.
Warner
River. Sunapee Lake
on its western border.
Employments.
The people are
generally engaged in farming. 1,
100,000 feet of lumber is annually
sawed. (See tables.)
Resources.
$ 81,174;
soil,
$5,000; stocks, and money at in$13,150; stock in trade,
$ 6,375; deposits in savings banks,
terest,
$44,555.
Churches and Schools. There is
one church of the Freewill Baptist
denomination, seventy-four members no pastor, at present. There
are eleven schools in town. Average length of schools for the year,
fifteen weeks.
Hotel. Sunapee Mountain House.
This new hotel was opened, for the
;
time, in July, 1873.
first
tensive and delightful
was
Area, 26,536 acres
1778
;
area of im-
view of the
surrounding country can be
ob-
tained.
First
Organization.
Newbury
originally called Dantzic.
proved land, 15,947 acres.
field,
Twenty-two miles
south from Concord, and nine
north from Amherst.
Railroads. Railway station, at
Parker's, on the Manchester and
North Weare Railroad.
in
Distances.
It is sit-
uated near the summit of Sunapee
mountain. From this house a fine
view of Sunapee lake and an ex-
North by Weare,
and Bedford,
south by Mount Vernon
and
Lyndeborough,
and
west by
Lyndeborough and Francestown.
Boundaries.
east Dy Goffstown
Productions of the
mechanical labor,
In
took the name of Fishersand derived its present name
it
1837.
It was first settled by
Zephaniah Clark, in 1762.
North by NewBoundaries.
London, east by Sutton, south by
Bradford, and west by Goshen and
Sunapee.
�NEW-CASTLE
Distances.
— NEW-DURHAM.
Thirty miles west by
north from Concord.
Railroad. Sugar River Railroad
passes through the town.
New-
Castle is situated in Portsmouth
harbor, and was formerly called
Great Island. It is connected with
The
Portsmouth by a bridge.
town is rocky and but a small part
is fit to till.
Fort Constitution is located on
also a light-house.
this Island
;
Employments. The soil among
the rocks is of good quality and is
made
to yield abundantly. Fishing
pursued with success. About
12,000 pairs of men's and women's
'boots and shoes are annually made.
is
of years Chief Justice of the Province of New-IIampshire, Secretary
born in this town, Dec. 20, 1697,
and died, Sept. 22, 1789.
First Ministers. Rev. John Emerson, ordained in 1704, dismissed
in 1712. Rev. William Shurtleff,
settled in 1712, dismissed in 1732.
Rev. John Blunt, settled in 1732,
died in 1748. Rev. David Robinson, settled in 1748, died in
Stephen
Rev.
gational, Rev. Lucius Alden, pas-
pastor
ply.
;
H. Graves,
and Advent, transient supschool district with three
One
Chase,
1749.
settled
in
died in 1778. Rev. Oliver
Noble, settled in 1784, died in 1792.
Distances. An Island in Portsmouth harbor, about three miles
1750,
from the Eastern Railroad depot,
in Portsmouth.
Churches, Schools and Library.
There are three churches, Congretor; Christian, Rev. J.
of the latter City. Hon.
for a number
Theodore Atkinson,
and President of the Council, was
NEWCASTLE.
Rockingham County.
was part
273
NEW
DURHAIU.
Strafford County.
face
is
uneven,
The
and a
sur-
portion
The soil is moist and well
adapted to grazing. Good crops
rocky.
average length of schools
weeks. There is a
town library of 400 volumes.
of corn, oats and potatoes are pro-
for the year, 26
duced.
Summer Resorts. About one
hundred summer tourists stay in
this town through the warm weath-
five ponds,
schools
er.
;
They
find entertainment at
private residences.
veyance runs
A public
from
con-
Portsmouth
twice a day, distance three miles.
Resources.
Productions of the
soil, $5,160 annually; mechanical
labor,
fisheries,
$20,000;
not
known deposits in savings bank,
$33,523; stock in trade, $14,407;
summer tourists, $ 5,000.
;
First Settlers. The first settlement of New-Castle, no doubt,
commenced about as soon as that
of Dover or Portsmouth, but there
is
no positive
date, as
it
originally
Ponds and Rivers.
There are
the largest of which,
Merry Meeting Pond,
is about ten
miles in circumfei'ence. A never
failing stream issues from it and
discharges into Merry Meeting Bay
in Alton. Ellis River flows from
Coldrain Pond into Farmington,
and on it are some fine water
privileges.
The ..Cocheeo River,
also, has its source in this town.
Mountains. Mount Betty, Cropple-crown, and Straw's Mountains
are the principal eminences. On
the north-easterly side of Straw's
Mountain, is a remarkable cave,
the entrance to which is about
three feet wide and ten feet high.
The outer room is twenty feet
�NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER.
274
under
present name, Dec.
square; the inner apartments become smaller, until, at the distance
of fifty feet, they are too small to
be investigated. The sides of these
ated,
rooms are solid granite, and bear
marks of having been once united.
The south side of Rattlesnake hill
is one hundred feet high and near-
removed
Several other
hills in this town contain precipices and cavities, some of con-
east by Farmington, and west and
south-west by Alton. Area, 23,625
ly
perpendicular.
siderable extent.
is
the
employment of the people,
although there are some manufactories of importance. The Union
Powder works annually manufac49,000 gallons of acid, and
250 tons of Excelsior, valued at
ture
S
10,150.
First Minister.
Rev. Nathaniel
Porter, D. D., ordained in 1773,
(See Conway.)
North-west
by
Wolfeborough, and Alton, east by
in 1777.
Boundaries.
Brookfield and Middleton, south-
acres.
About thirty - five
from Concord,
and twenty-two north-west from
miles
north-east
Dover.
Railroad. Dover and Winnipiseogee Railroad passes through the
town.
NEW-HAITIPTOIV.
There are annually sawed
4,000 clapboards; 700,000 shingles,
and
its
1762.
Distances.
Employments. Agriculture
chief
7,
Belknap County.
town
The
sur-
broken and
is remarkably
and
timber, valued at $ 22,500. There
are several other small manufac-
face of this
tories in town.
crops of grain and grass.
1,500,000 feet of boards
100,000 pairs of
shoes are annually made. There
in plenty of good water power un-
improved.
Resources.
Annual agricultural
productions, $62,233; mechanical
S 29,300 deposits in savings
banks, § 40,613 money at interest,
$ 800 stock in trade, $ 14,000.
labor,
;
;
;
Summer
Tourists.
The various
this town
is
uneven, but the soil
fertile,
and produces
excellent
Pemigewasset River,
Rivers.
which washes its western boundary, is the only stream of any note
in town.
On
the west side of
a remarkable
spring, from which issues a stream
It is
sufficient to supply mills.
never affected by rains or droughts
Springs.
Kelley's
Hill
is
tourists to visit
and empties into the river after
running one mile.
Elevation. In the south part of
is
the
natural
curiosities
in
have caused some of the summer
it. When the town
more fully known, no doubt it
will become one of their summer
resorts.
Churches and Schools. There are
two churches, Freewill Baptist and
Advents, and thirteen schools average length of schools for the
year, nine weeks.
;
First Settlers.
New-Durham was
granted to Ebenezer Smith and
others, in 1749.
It
was incorpor-
hill,
town is a high, conical-shaped
which can be seen for quite a
distance in almost any direction.
The village of NewVillage.
Hampton is pleasantly situated
among the hills and mountains,
from the crests of which a beautitiful and delightful view of the
village and the surrounding country can be obtained. There are
two churches, a literary institu-
�275
NEWINGTON.
tion, five or six stores, of various
some seventy or eighty
kinds, and
neat dwellings.
Employments.-
borough, of which he was one of
the
principal
The people
are
The
proprietors.
simple request of General Moulton, and he
Governor granted
this
New-Hampton,
honor
in
largely
called
there
of his native town. This "small"
gore of land contained 19,422 acres,
a part of which now constitutes
engaged in agriculture.
But some lumber is sawed, and
wheelwrights,
are
black-
smiths, tailors, etc.
Resources. Agricultural productions,
$
mechanical labor,
money at interest, $ 18,
$ 137,240
4,000
;
in savings banks,
deposits
800;
$46,479;
;
stock in trade, $6,510;
from summer
tourists,
$ 900.
Churches and Schools. Freewill
Baptist, Rev. E. H. Prescott, pastor; Calvin Baptist, Rev. D. M.
Dearborn, pastor. There are thir-
it
Center Harbor.
Rev.
First Ministers.
Ward,
Jeremy
(Baptist,) ordained in 1782,
died in 1816; Rev. Salmon Hibbard, ordained in 1800, dismissed
in 1816.
Boundaries. North by Ashland
and Holderness, east by Center
Harbor and Meredith, south by
Sanbornton and Hill, and west by
and Bridgewater. Area,
area of improved
19,422 acres;
Average
teen schools in town.
length of schools, for the year, fif-
Bristol
teen weeks.
NewInstitution.
Literary
Hampton Literary and Biblical Institution, A. B. Meservey, princi-
land, 13,750 acres.
pal.
Railroads. The Montreal Railroad passes through the extreme
northern part of the town. Five
miles to Bristol station, on the
Bristol Branch of the Northern
The Portland and RutRailroad.
land Railroad will pass through
the town, if ever built.
Social
Libraries.
Fraternity,
3,500; Literary Adelphi, 3,000 vol-
umes, and Ladies'
volumes.
Hotel.
ue,
$
200
Wankeneto House,
val-
3,000.
First
ton
Library,
Settlement.
was formerly a
New-Hamppart of Moul-
tonborough Gore, and was called
Moultonborough addition.
The
first
settler
was Samuel Kelley,
who moved
General
here in 1775. In 1763,
Jonathan Moulton, of
Hampton, having an
1,400
ox, weighing
pounds, fattened for the pur-
Hag upon his horns,
and drove him to Portsmouth,
as a present to Governor Wentworth. The General refused any
compensation for the ox, but he
would like a charter of a small
gore of land he had discovered
adjoining the town of Moulton-
pose, hoisted a
Thirty - five miles
Distances.
north-west from Concord, and fifteen north-west from Gilford.
NEWINGTON.
Rockingham County.
all
Nearly
town
But
and few
of the inhabitants in this
are engaged in agriculture.
few are considered
rich,
are classed as poor, there being
but two persons dependent on the
town.
The
soil,
near the water,
is rich,
and yields good crops of grain and
grass
;
but certain portions of the
town are sandy and unproductive.
Schools. There is but one school
district in
town.
school -house
was
In
1872, a
built,
brick
costing
�276
NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER.
NEW-IPS W1CH.
$ 5,500. The upper story is to be
used as a town hall, and the lower
The
part for school purposes.
schools are considered good, as the
people take quite an interest in
the future welfare of their children.
Indians.
In May, 1690, a party
of Indians, led by a sagamore, by
the name of Hapgood, made an
attack on Fox Point, and destroyed several houses, killed fourteen
persons and took six prisoners.
inhabitants pursued the Indians, and, after a severe action,
The
some of the captives were recovered, and part of the plunder.
The chief, Hapgood, was severely
wounded.
Annual productions
Resources.
of the soil, $59,042: deposits in
savings banks, $ 17,839 stocks,
bonds and
money
at
interest,
$7,150.
Newington was originally a
of Portsmouth and Dover.
It was called " Bloody Point," for
many years, on account of a
bloody fight in 1631, and was
settled over two hundred years
part
Incorporated in July, 1764.
Ministers.
Rev. Joseph
Adams, ordained in 1715, and died
in 1783.
Rev. Joseph Langdon,
ordained in 1788, dismissed in
ago.
First
Hillsborough County.
The
of a clayey loam, very productive, when properly cultivated.
soil is
There are many
fine farms under
a high state of cultivation.
Souhegan
Rivers and Ponds.
River is the principal stream,
and affords some valuable waThe first or second
ter power.
Cotton Manufactory, built in this
State,
was
situated on this river,
There are several
in this town.
brooks in various sections of the
town. Pratt's and Hoar's Pond's,
contain about fifty acres each.
The
Village.
is
village
principal
in the centre of the town, in a
beautiful
and
fertile valley.
Here
are several church edifices, several
bank, two hotels, Appleton
Academy, and forty or fifty dwellThe houses are neat
ing houses.
and substantial, many of them
stores,
built
in
the
style
so
among gentlemen who
common
lived in the
country forty or fifty years ago,
with spacious yards and gardens,
while others are modern cottages
but all betoken a degree of wealth
and prosperity, for which the people are distinguished.
Summer
Resorts.
location has justly
The pleasant
drawn the at-
1810.
tention of many tourists who spend
a few weeks in the summer
Boundaries. North-east by the
Piscataqua, east by Portsmouth,
The number
south by Greenland and Great
Bay, and west and north-west by
Great and Little Bays.
Area,
timated at 200.
Employments.
months
in
this
pleasant
town.
of visitors of this
class, through the summer, is es-
Distances. Forty-four miles east
south-east from Concord, and five
The people are
generally engaged in agriculture,
but their manufactories are important. A cotton factory belong-
west from Portsmouth.
Railroads. The Portsmouth and
Dover Railroad passes through
this town.
ing to the Columbian Manufacturing Company, was burned in 1871.
Chairs, ciIt has been rebuilt.
gars, boxes, bedsteads, harnesses,
5,273 acres.
�NEW-LONDON.
lumber, machine work, &c, are
manufactured, to the value of $ 72,
400 annually.
Resources.
soil,
$
$92,995;
money
19,100;
450;
Productions of the
mechanical labor,
in savings
deposits
$ 85, 128 stock
from summer
;
at interest,
in trade,
tourists,
$
12,
banks,
$ 24,048
$ 6,000
277
and Mason, south by Massachuand west by Rindge. Area,
20,860 acres. Area of improved
setts,
land, 9,620 acres.
Fifty
Distances.
miles south-
west from Concord, and eighteen
south-west from Amherst.
Railroad.
By
stage, twice a day,
to Greenville station, three miles
on the Peterborough and
professional business, $ 15,000.
distant,
CongreChurches and Schools.
gational, Rev. T. S. Robie, pastor
Methodist, Rev. Jacob F. Spauld-
Shirley Railroad.
ing,
pastor;
Baptist,
no pastor;
There are thirteen schools in town
average length, for the year, twenty weeks.
New Ipswich Academy was incorporated, June 18, 1789. Appleton Academy is the name of the
institution there, at the
literary
present time.
John Herbert
is
the
ry, 1,000
New-Ipswich Libra-
volumes.
New-Ipswich Savings
Bank.
Bank. (See tables.)
Hotels. Clark's Hotel, and Appleton House.
New-IpSettlements.
First
swich was originally called Ipswich Canada, and was settled prior to 1749, by Reuben Kidder,
Archibald White, Joseph and Ebenezer Bullard, Joseph Stephens
and eighty others. In 1750 it was
granted by the Masonian proprietors, and incorporated September
The town sent sixty men
9, 1762.
Twenty-six men
to Bunker Hill.
gave up their lives in the great rebellion of 1861 to 1865.
First
tional
1750.
County.
The
principal settlements of this town
are formed on three large swells
The soil is deep and
of land.
good. In some portions of the
town, the land is rocky, but
there is very little not capable of
There are many fine
cultivation.
farms which clearly show they are
cultivated by practical farmers.
Principal.
Library.
NEW-LONDON.
Merrimack
Minister.
A
Congrega-
Church was gathered in
Rev. Stephen Farrer was
ordained in 1760, died in 1809.
North by Sharon
Boundaries.
and Temple, east by Greenville
Sunapee
Ponds and Streams.
Lake separates New-London from
the town of Sunapee. Little Sunapee Pond, one and one-half miles
in length, and three-fourths of a
mile in width, lies in the west
part, and empties into Sunapee
Near the centre of the
Lake.
town, are Harvey's and Messer's
Ponds,
which are the principal
Warner River. Pleas-
sources of
ant Pond, in the north part, is
nearly two miles long and one
There are some elevations
wide.
in this section of the town, but
they can hardly be considered
mountains. The elevated location
of the town, together with^its lake
and ponds, afford some very delightful and attractive scenery,
which has caused many tourists to
visit here, through the summer
months. One of the most flourishing institutions of learning in
the State,
is
located here.
�NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER.
278
The
Employments.
inhabitants
are chiefly devoted to agriculture,
but the manufactures are considerable.
Over 4,500 dozens of
scythes are annually manufactur750,000
ed, valued at $45,000.
shingles,
and
10,000 clapboards,
&c,
150,000 feet of boards,
are an-
nually sawed; also, 8,000 bushels
grain ground, and $24,000 worth
of
Agricultural
pro-
mechanical
ductions, $ 78,678
bor.$ 20,300; stocks,
la-
&c,
$9,200;
money at interest, $ 46,990; deposin savings banks,
its
$30,488;
stock in trade, $ 30,000 from summer tourists, $3,000; professional
;
$
10,000.
Churches and Schools. Baptist,
Christian Union, Rev.
Lewis Phillips, pastor. There are
public
It is
one of the largest
literary institutions in the State.
The school property
is
valued
one hundred thousand
dollars, besides an endowment of
fifteen thousand dollars.
There
is a library connected with the
at about
containing 1,500 vol-
umes.
Seaman's House.
First Settlements.
was
NEWMARKET.
originally
market
New-
a small township, but
the soil is good, well cultivated,
and produces excellent crops,
which are readily sold in the vilis
lage at fair prices.
Rivers. Piscassick River passes
through this town in a northerly
direction. Lamprey River washes
are located the cotton mills of the
The
twenty-four weeks.
New-London Literary and Scientific Institution was incorporated
Hotel.
and Claremont Railroad.
town.
in
year,
institution,
Thirty miles north
schools, for the
schools
Average length of
in 1854.
Distances.
north-eastern boundary and
meets the tide water at Lamprey
River village, over falls of more
than twenty feet. At these falls
;
seven
land.
of west from Concord.
Railroad. Daily stage to Potter
Place station, on the northern
Railroad.
Also daily stage to
Bradford station, on the Concord
Rockingham County.
(See tables.)
Resources.
business,
Area of improved
11,100 acres.
and curried.
tanned
leather
Lake.
New-London
called
Dantzick,
and was incorporated January 25,
1779.
James Lamb and Nathaniel
Merrill were the first settlers.
First Church. A Baptist Church
was formed October 23, 1788.
Boundaries.
North and east by
Wilmot, south by Sutton and
Newbury, and west by Sunapee
its
Newmarket Manufacturing Company. Below the falls, the water,
at high tide, is of sufficient depth
for vessels of one hundred and
Coal,
twenty tons to navigate.
salt, and other heavy merchandise
are frequently freighted up the
Piscataqua, to Newmarket village.
This village is the seat of considerable trade and manufacturing.
There are three church edifices,
two school houses, three hotels,
town house, two banks, thirty-five,
stores, various professional offices,
four cotton mills, and various other manufactories.
Manufacturing
Employments.
and mercantile trade are the principal employments of the inhabitants.
7,500,000 yards cotton cloth,
and 24,000 pairs of boots and shoes
are annually manufactured. The
manufacture of sale clothing is an
�NEWPORT.
important branch of business.
total value of goods annually
manufactured, is $889,000. It is
the centre of trade for the surrounding towns. Those engaged
in agriculture find it remunera-
The
tive
employment.
Resources.
soil,
$64,519;
$177,000;
money
its
Productions of the
mechanical labor,
&c, $24,500;
stocks,
at interest, $22,100; depos-
savings
in
banks,
$89,894;
stock in trade, $138,375;
profes-
sional business, etc., $75,000.
Churches and Schools.
Freewill
Baptist, Rev. DeWitt C. Durgin,
pastor
Congregational,
Rev.
Isaac C. White, pastor; Methodist Episcopal, Rev. A. H. Wilkins, pastor. Total number of
members, 465. Value of church
;
279
ed for her excellent qualities, and
very much esteemed by all who
knew her. She died here in 1819.
Rev. Jobn
First Ministers.
Moody, Congregational, ordained
in 1730, died in 1778. Rev. Nathaniel Ewers, settled in 1795,
died in 1832.
North by Lee and
Boundaries.
Durham,
east by Great Bay, south
by South Newmarket, and west
Area of improved
by Epping.
land, 4,844 acres.
Thirty-eight miles
Distances.
south of east from Concord, and
eight nortb from Exeter.
Railroads
Boston and Maine
Railroad passes through this town.
NEWPORT.
This
is
the shire
town of
Owing
Sulli-
There are two
school districts and four schools
in town.
Average length of
van county.
schools for the year, twenty-four
with the business character of its
inhabitants, Newport has become
one of the most important and enterprising towns in the western
section of the State. For a number
of years it has not kept pace in
the march of improvement with
other towns in the State, inferior
property, $32,000.
weeks.
Total amount annually
appropriated for school purposes,
$2,736.
Library.
Newmarket Library
Association.
Washington
Hotels.
Newmarket
Hotel,
House,
Railroad
House.
to its central
water power,
location, its valuable
and railroad
facilities,
together
originally a part of Exeter,
in natural resources, for the lack
of railroad facilities but that obstacle has been removed by the com-
and was separated and incorporat-
pletion of the Sugar River Rail-
First Settlements.
was
ed December
portion
of
15,
its
Newmarket
1727.
territory
A
large
was
de-
tached, and the township of South
Newmarket formed June
27, 1849.
Mrs. Fanny Shute, when thirteen
months old, was taken by a party
of Indians, carried to Canada, and
sold to the French. She was educated in a nunnery, and, after re-
maining thirteen years in captivity, was redeemed and restored to
her friends.
Mrs. Shute was not-
;
road, to this town, in
and
November,
Claremont, in the fall
Since the first date, busof 1872.
iness, in every department, has
made rapid strides, and improvements are seen on every hand.
The surface of the town is generally uneven, frequently broken by
considerable elevations; but on
the borders of the Sugar River
and its branches are large tracts
1871,
of
to
interval
land,
yielding good
�NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER.
280
crops of corn, grass, &c. The soil
on the uplands is strong and when
properly tilled, produces excellent
There are many valuable
farms in this town, under high
crops.
The apple producmore valuable than in any
other town in the county. Some
of the finest maple sugar orchards
cultivation.
tions are
may be found in this
Forty thousand pounds of
maple sugar are annually manuin the State,
town.
main street is more than a mile in
length, crossing the river over a
handsome bridge nearly
in the
of the village. On this
street are located four elegant
church edifices, the court and town
house, jail and county buildings,
three school-houses, two large hotels,
two banks, the Argus and
Spectator office, seven lawyers',
three insurance, and six physi-
centre
cians'
and
factured.
tween
thirty
Sugar River, the outSunapee Lake, together with
the North and South branches, are
shops for trade, of various kinds,
and over one hundred dwelling
houses.
There are many other
pleasant streets, with well built
residences on them.
The manufactories are
valuable,
being
Rivers.
let of
the
principal
Near the
streams
in
town.
the Sugar rewaters of the South
village,
ceives the
branch, which has
its source in
Lempster, Unity and Goshen
thence flowing north about two
miles, it meets the waters of the
North branch, coming from Springfield,
Grantham and Croydon,
nearly in an opposite direction,
whence it passes west through
Claremont into the Connecticut.
At the outlet of Sunapee Lake,
there is a stone dam, with gates ar-
ranged
for
drawing from the sur-
face of the lake ten feet of water.
The
full capacity of this valuable
reservoir has never been tested.
Mountains.
Bald, Coit, Blueberry ledge, and East mountains,
are
the
principal
elevations in
situated on
never
offices,
be-
forty stores
and
dentists'
and
water power which
The
in a dry time.
fails
woolen
manufactories annually
produce 1,600,000 yards of flanThe
nel,
valued at $408,000.
amount paid for labor, by these
mills, is over $ 60,000.
18,000 sides
of leather and 16,000 lbs. splits are
annually produced, valued at $77,
there is annually ground 19,
bushels of grain, valued at
$ 33,000. There are lumber mills,
carpenter shops, and various other
kinds of mechanical shops, com200
000
;
mon
to a New-England village.
The court house and town hall
building was erected in the fall of
and the spring and summer
at an expense of over
$40,000, and is one of the fin1872,
town. From the summit of these
mountains a fine view is presented
of the surrounding country.
Villages.
On Sugar River,
about six miles from Sunapee
Lake, is located the thriving village of Newport. It is considered
one of the pleasantest and most
of
enterprising villages in the State,
buildings are large and substantial structures. Richards' building
both in manufacturing and as a
centre of mercantile trade.
The
est
1873,
edifices
State.
The
of the kind in
hotels are new,
the
com-
modious, and pleasantly located.
The books
number of
over^ 12,000.
is
of the hotels
show
the
arrivals last year to be
Some
one of the
of the business
finest
mercantile
�NEWPORT.
blocks in the county. In the north
part of the village is a beautiful
common, shaded with the maple,
and capacious enough to parade a
regiment on. On either side of this
common stand some of the finest
residences in the village, adorned
with yards and gardens.
The future prospects of the inhabitants of
this
town are very
flattering
and
;
their fond anticipations of seeing
a large village, double its present
may be fully realized within
the next ten years.
About two miles north-west
from the principal village is the
small, busy, manufacturing village
of Northville. Here are annually
made, 1,600 dozens of scythes, valued at $ 17,000 500 dozens of rakes;
size,
;
13,000 butter tubs
sides, there are
5,000 pails
;
lumber
;
mills,
be-
and
Summer Resorts.
But few local-
the State offer better in-
ducements
to
summer
The
than Newport.
tourists
fine roads,
pleasant drives, and delightful
views from the crests of its many
hills, render it very attractive to
lovers of country
ural scenery in
A pleasant ride
homes and
nat-
its varied forms.
of six miles brings
you
to the romantic shores of Sunapee Lake.
This lake is about
nine miles in length, and from one
half to two miles in width. Three
miles south of NeAvport village, is
Unity Springs, which has become
quite noted for its medical qualities.
Its waters are highly charged with salts of iron, and possess
Here is a fine
tonic properties.
hotel
to
accommodate
The views from this
house, of Sunapee Lake and the surrounding
country, are some of the finest in
the State. This house is becoming
a popular summer resort.
The
number of tourists who spend
their summer vacation in Newport and vicinity, is estimated at
over five hundred.
Employments.
The employment of the inhabitants is nearly
equally divided between agriculture on the one side, and mechanical, mercantile, and official business on the other, with the preponderance in favor of the latter. The
capital invested for manufacturing
purposes is over $ 375,000 the annual value of manufactured pro;
ductions, $619,100.
Annual value of agme-
Resources.
ricultural products, $ 148, 156
chanical labor, $117,700;
other small manufactories.
ities in
281
invalids
and lovers of recreation. A ride
on the cars, or by carriage, of six
miles, carries you to the " Sunapee
Mountain House" in Newbury.
sional services,
$
105,000;
&c, $64,800; money
$ 41,724
;
professtocks,
at interest,
deposits in savings banks,
$118,282; stock in trade, $105,
from summer tourists, $ 15,
975
;
;
000.
Churches and Schools.
The Con-
gregational, Rev. G. W. R. Scott,
pastor
number of members, 248
;
church valuation, $ 50,000. Methodist, Rev. E. R. Wilkins, pastor;
members, 230 valuation, $ 13,000.
Baptist, Rev. H. C. Leavitt, pas;
tor;
members,
189;
Christian
There are
eighteen school districts, and six-
church at Northville.
teen schools; average length for
the year, twenty weeks; average
amount of money annually appropriated for school purposes, $ 2,334.
50.
It is intended to build a large
school house(with all the modern
improvements), in the village, the
coming season, (1874.)
Banks. There are two banks
in
�NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER.
town,
—the
and
National,
First
Newport Savings banks.
Libraries. Newport Social
brary, 400 volumes
;
Li-
Hon. Edmund
Burke's private library, 6,000 volumes; besides several other private libraries with over 1,000 vol-
umes
each.
Hotels.
Newport House, and
Phenix Hotel.
First Settlers.
Ezra Parmelee,
then about twenty-one years of
age, in company with Dea. Jesse
Wilcox, and his two sons, Jesse
and Phineas Samuel Hurd and
Jesse Kelsey, came, early in the
month of June, 1766 occupied the
lands to which they were entitled,
built their camps, and commenced the actual settlement of the
town.
These men were from old
Kilingworth, Connecticut.
Some
years later, John McGregory, (fath-
—
—
John McGregory, M.
Joel McGregory, and Deacon
er of the late
B.,)
Daniel Chapin, made a settlement
in the north-western section of the
town. Joel McGregory died a few
years since, aged one hundred and
one years. A son of his is now
living in town, between eighty and
ninety years of age. Newport has
been the birthplace and residence
many prominent men and women of this country, Mrs. Sarah J.
Hale, was a native of this town.
The town was incorporated Ocof
tober
6,
1761.
Hon. Benjamin
and highly
Giles, long a resident,
respected,
built
the
first
grist-
Captain Ezra Parmelee settled on the Unity road
about one mile south of the village, and built his barn soon after coming to Newport. This barn
is now (1873,) standing and in
good repair.
It is safe to say that
it has been built, and been in use,
mill, in 1768.
over one hundred years. The covering boards are fastened to the
timbers with strong wooden pins,
which
clearly shows the scarcity
of nails in those early days of the
settlement.
A few rods from the
barn, stands an apple tree, which
is quite as old.
Captain Parmelee
brought it from Connecticut, over
one hundred years ago.
First
Ministers.
Rev. John
Remelee, ordained in 1783, dismissed in 1791
Rev. Abijah
Wines, settled in 1785, dismissed
in 1816. Congregational and Baptist churches were established in
;
1779.
North by Croydon,
by Sunapee and Goshen, west
by Claremont, and south by Goshen and Unity. Ai-ea, 25,267 acres
improved land, 18,533 acres.
Boundaries.
east
Distances.
Forty miles north of
west from Concord, and about thirty-five miles north from Keene.
Railroad. Concord and Claremont Railroad passes through the
town in an easterly and westerly
direction.
NEWTON.
Rockingham County.
New-
a small township bordering
on Massachusetts. The surface is
broken but the soil is deep and fertile, and yields good crops of grain
and grass. The farmers find a
ready sale for their produce at
Haverhill, Massachusetts. Nearly
one third of Country Pond lies in
this town, and it is the only body
of water, of note.
The employEmployments.
ment of the inhabitants is about
equally divided between farming
ton
is
and mechanical labor. 1,000,000
of boards &c, and 180,000
shingles, are annually sawed and
feet
;
�NORTHFIELD.
120,000 pairs of shoes are
made.
Productions of the
mechanical labor,
soil, $ 38,259
$30,000; money at interest, $3,
400; deposits in savings banks,*
Resources.
;
$
3,174; stock in trade,
$
11,827.
283
of land for agriculture, lies on two
ridges extending nearly through
The soil is of good
producing excellent crops
of corn, oats and grass. There are
many fine farms, under a high
the town.
quality,
Baptist
Churches and Schools.
church, Rev. B. H. Lane, pastor;
Christian, Rev. Nathaniel Day,
state of cultivation.
There are six schools in
town average length, for the year,
town, and flows into the Winnipiseogee, three miles from the junction with the Pemigewasset. Sondogardy Pond discharges its waters
Winnipisinto the Merrimack.
eogee River waters its western bor-
pastor.
;
twenty weeks.
Traveller's
Hotels
Home, and
Depot House.
Rev. John
Minister.
First
Eames, in 1791. A Baptist Society
was formed here in 1755, and it is
the oldest religious society, of that
denomination in the State.
A
Congregational Church was organized about 1759.
First Settlements. Joseph Bartlett
and others
town
in 1720.
first settled
in this
Twelve years presettlement he was
vious to his
taken captive by the Indians
at Haverhill, and conveyed to Canada where he remained four years.
North by KingsBoundaries.
by
east
ton,
Hampton,
South
Mass. and
Area, 5,250
south by Amesbury,
west by Plaistow.
acres,
Forty miles southand twentyeight south-west from Portsmouth.
Railroads. Boston and Maine,
Distances.
east from Concord,
from Tilton.
The town formerly possessed some
fine
water power, on this
river,
near
junction with the Pemigewassett, but this portion of its territory
is now embraced within the limits
of Franklin. It still holds some good
power at the village of Tilton.
Village. A portion of what is
called the village of Tilton, on the
south side of the river, lies in this
town.
On the Northfield side are
two woolen mills, annually manufacturing respectively 210,000 and
66,000 yards of repellants, valued
at $ 276,000 besides lumber mills,
its
wheel-wright shop etc.
There is
a large graded school building
and over fifty dwelling houses.
For full particulars of the village,
see Tilton.
Employments.
A
majority of
the inhabitants are engaged in ag-
pass
through
riculture,
but the
manufactories
are valuable, with fair encourage-
ment
NORTHFIELD.
Merrimack County. The
face of this
town
hills.
their
The
surplus
sur-
uneven, being
is
* Depositors in Savings
to place
it
part of the
Newton
town.
broken by
and separates
der,
Chestnut
Rivers.
lies in the east
and
Amesbury
and
Branch Railroads
this
and
Ponds
Pond
best section
Banks are induced
earnings in
chusetts Savings Institutions.
Massa-
that they will be enlarged
within a few years.
Productions of the
Resources.
$95,311; mechanical labor,
$ 46,500 stocks and money at indeposits in savings
terest, $ 9,648
soil,
;
;
banks, $50,911;
$
6,425.
stock in
trade,
.
�NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER.
284
Churches and Schools,
The
churches are on the Tilton side of
the village.
There are nine
schools in town, two of which are
graded
average length, for the
year, fourteen weeks.
First Settlers.
Benjamin Blanchard and others first settled here
in 1760. It was originally a part
of Canterbury, and was incorporated June, 1780, under its present
;
name.
Boundaries.
North by Tilton
and Belmont, east by Belmont,
south by Canterbury, and west by
Franklin and Boscawen.
Area,
about 17,000 acres improved land,
;
9,638 acres.
Seventeen miles
north from Concord, by the Boston, Concord, and Montreal RailDistances.
road.
become a popular
resort for tourof the farmers make
it a special business to keep city
boarders through the summer
Many
ists.
months, and, in connection with
farms, find it a lucrative
their
business.
Employments. Agriculture is
the principal employment of the
inhabitants. 750,000 shingles and
350,000 feet of boards are annually
sawed, also 60,000 pairs of shoes,
are annually made.
Resources.
Productions of the
soil, $76,224; mechanical
labor,
$ 20,500 stocks and money at in;
terest, $9,700; deposits in
bank, $ 46,803
$1,125;
from
$
;
stock
savings
in
summer
trade,
tourists,
15,000.
Churches and Schools. CongreChurch, Rev. T. V.
Haines pastor; Baptist Church,
There are three schools
in town. Average length for the
year, thirty-one weeks.
Library. North-Hampton Social
Library, 250 volumes.
First Settlements.
This town
formerly constituted the parish
gational
NORTH HAMPTON.
.
Rockingham County.
town has an even
surface,
This
and
its
has been made very productive
by means of the large quantities of
seaweed which the farmers spread
on the ground as a fertilizer. In
proportion to the number of acres
soil
under improvement, no town in
the county, exceeds it in its value
of agricultural productions.
Rivers. Little River is the principal stream
it has its source in
the north part of the town. Meandering through it in a south-easterly direction for a couple of miles,
it empties into the Ocean, between
Great and Little Boar's head.
Winnecut River rises near the
centre of the town and flows north
west into Great Bay. These rivers
;
afford
some water
Summer
privileges.
Part of the
eastern border is washed by the
Atlantic Ocean and the town has
Resorts.
called
The
North Hill
in
Hampton.
settlement dates back to
a very early period in the history
of this State, and the early settlers
first
were much exposed
ties
of
the
were erected
to the hostili
Indians.
to
Garrison
which the inhabi
tants resorted in times of danger.
In
several
persons were
Incorporated November
1742.
(For first settlers see
1677
killed.
26,
Hampton.)
First Ministers. Rev. Nathaniel
Gookin (Congregational) ordained
in 1731, died in 1766. Rev. Joseph
Hastings
moved
in
ordained in 1767, re1774; Rev. David Mc
Clure D. D., settled in 1776, dis-
�NORTHUMBERLAND.
missed in 1784. Rev. Benjamin
Thurston settled in 1785, dismissed
in 1800. The first Congregational
Meeting house was erected in
1738.
acres.
Distances.
Forty-seven miles
south east by east from Concord
and nine south by west from
Portsmouth by Eastern Railroad.
Eastern Railroad
Railroad.
passes through this town.
is
employment of the
the principal
inhabitants but manufacturing is
an important branch of business.
At Northumberland Falls, there
are starch, straw-board and shoe
peg mills, annually manufacturing
40 tons starch, 175 tons straw
board, and 20,000 bushels shoe
pegs.
At Groveton there are
Coos County.
Connecticut,
in
this
town,
the
was
of butternut wood. The soil is
from stone and gravel, and is
easily cultivated. A large portion
of the upland is good for pasturing
and tillage. There are several
good farms, producing excellent
and barley.
ued
at
total
$
102,000
;
meal, $ 3,500 be;
But one
other town in the county raises as
many bushels of corn.
Rivers. Connecticut River washes the western border, and it is
watered by the Upper Ammonoosuc River, which passes through
the town in a south-westerly direc-
carpenters,
value
of
manufactured
in
goods,
town,
&c.
The
annually
is
$208,600;
Rail-
At Groveton, the Montreal
growth
free
corn, oats
7,000,000 feet of long timber, val-
painters,
The land on
originally covered with a
manufactories, annually producing leather, $70,000; 100,000 clapboards, 1,000,000 shingles,
and
sides blacksmiths, harness makers,
NORTHUMBERLAND.
road forms a junction with the
Grand Trunk Railroad. In this
village there
is
a post
office, tele-
graph and express office, one lawyer, one physician, church edifice,
large graded school house, five
stores, of all kinds, one hotel and
one eating house.
Resources. Productions of the
soil, $72,544; mechanical labor,
$39,800; money at interest, $5,
deposits in savings banks, $ 1,
050
;
072; stock in trade, $20,260.
Church and ScJwols. Methodist,
Groveton) Rev. G. C. Noyes,
pastor. There are ten schools in
town, two of which are graded.
(at
tion.
Near the centre of
an abrupt and rugged
elevation, called Cape Horn, of an
Elevation.
town
is
altitude of nearly 1,000 feet.
The
scenery around this mountain is
wild and beautiful. Its north base
is separated from the Connecticut
by a narrow plain, and its eastern
washed by the Upper AmThe spring freshets
monoosuc.
usually overflow the meadows, at
side
and give them the ap
pearance of a large lake.
Employments.
Agriculture
;
Boundaries. North by Greenland, east by Rye and Atlantic
Ocean, south by Hampton Falls
and Hampton and west by Stratham. Area of improved land 5,363
the
this point,
285
is
Average length of
schools, for the
year, thirteen weeks.
Hotels.
Rogers
House;
at
Ammonoosuc House.
Settlement. Thomas Burn-
Groveton,
First
side
and Daniel Spaulding, togeth-
er with their families,
the
in
commenced
settlement in this town,
1767.
North of Cape Horn
first
�NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER.
286
Mountains and Hills. Saddleback Mountain, between Deerfield
and Northwood, has an altitude
of one thousand feet above the
mountain, and near the river, are
the remains of a fort, built during the war of the Revolution. It
was placed under the command
of Captain Jeremiah Eames, afterwards well known for his usefulness, wit and social disposition.
The town was incorporated November 16, 1779.
Boundaries. North by Stratford,
east by Stark, south by Lancaster,
and west by Vermont. Area of
improved land, 6,555 acres.
Distances.
By railroad, one
hundred and forty-five miles north
from Concord, and eight northeast from Lancaster.
Railroads.
Grand Trunk, and
Montreal Extension Railroads.
the east side of this
mountain are found
and
crystals
crystaline spars, of various colors.
Plumbago of superior
quality is
Brown's or Richardson's Hill, between Jenness and
Long ponds, has an abrupt elevation of three hundred feet above
also found.
The summit
the latter pond.
is
covered with 'an open growth of
oaks, affording a fine place, in
mer, for picnic parties.
sum-
From
the
top of Fogg's Hill, eight ponds can
be seen.
The main street in
Northwood, passes over what
is
called Clark's Hill, the highest cul-
NORXHWOOD,
Rockingham
On
ocean.
tivated elevation, in
Rockingham
is
county, from the top of which can
be seen the ocean, and also nearly
the whole basin of the country, at
passes
a glance.
County.
For
beautiful and varied scenery, there
no town in the State, that surNorthwood, south of the
Her
White Mountain Range.
mountains and hills, and her sparking lakelets
or
ponds, lend
Agricultural.
wood
The
soil of
North-
moist, and has been considered better adapted for grazing,
en-
chantment to her many views.
Ponds. There are seven ponds in
this town viz. Suncook, Jenness,
Long, Little Bow, Harvey, Durgin and Knowlton, or Demerritt
Ponds, besides a part of Bow Lake
and Pleasant Pond, and all covering an area of over fourteen hun-
is
than any other branch of agriculture; but there are only three
towns in the county that raise as
many bushels of corn, and but one
as many bushels of wheat. Agriculture is neglected, owing to a
large portion of the people being
engaged in shoe business; but
when the soil is properly cultivat-
;
dred acres.
Rivers.
The north branch of
Lamprey River has its source in
ed,
town, at the eastern base of
Saddleback mountain. The main
branch of Suncook River has its
rise in Jenness, Long, Little Bow,
Durgin, Harvey and Suncook
Ponds, draining nearly one half of
the area of the town, (8,500 acres,)
and furnishing nearly all of the
water power.
position of Northwood,
it
yields excellent crops.
Summer
this
Resorts.
The elevated
command-
an extensive and delightful
view of the surrounding country,
ing
has caused many summer tourists
to spend their vacation here, and
it is becoming a popular resort for
all lovers of mountains, lakes, and
The
hills.
'
and
all
Gulf,
the ponds
Brown's
Hill,
are pleasant,
�NORTHWOOD.
and interesting
287
localities for tour-
State. It still retains its high reputation in that respect, in the Har-
There is one
Manufactories.
large shoe factory in the east part
vey House, kept by the accommo-
ists to visit.
$715,000,
dating landlord, E. C. Brown, Esq.
is a daily stage to Epsom
depot, on the Suncook Valley Railroad, distance, six miles; also a
stage three times a week to Newmarket, on the Boston and Maine
Railroad, distance, eighteen miles.
First Settlements.
This town
was originally the extreme northern section of Nottingham, and
some of the inhabitants, in the win-
men
ter,
of the town, employing over one
hundred men and women, and
manufacturing annually, over 152,
000 pairs of women's boots and,
shoes, valued at $ 215,000. There
is paid for labor annually, $ 55,000.
The whole number of shoes manuannually, in
factured,
nearly
550,000
pairs,
town, is
valued at
and giving the work$ 135,
000 per annum.
for their labor over
of the
soil,
productions
Total
Resources.
$74,188; mechanical
stocks and mon-
labor,
$
ey at
interest,
140,300
;
$33,900;
deposits
in savings banks, $51,115;
in trade, $21,170;
$
tourists,
iness,
$
1,500
;
stock
from summer
professional bus-
10,000.
Churches and Schools. CongreRev. E. C. Cogswell,
pastor
Freewill Baptist, Rev. L.
P. Bickford, pastor; Baptist, Rev.
A. A. Chase, pastor. There are
nine schools in town, two of which
are graded; average length, for
the year, twenty-one weeks
total amount annually appropriated
gational,
;
;
for school purposes,
Literary
$
1,405.
Institutions.
wood Academy,
North-
E. C. Cogswell,
(See Literary Institutions.)
Libraries.
Northwood
Social
volumes;
North-
1,000
wood Academy
Library, 500 vol-
umes; Rev. E. C. Cogswell's private library, 1,200 volumes.
Hotels.
The traveling public
have long appreciated the good
hotels in Northwood being excelled by no country town in the
;
would
visit this
locality for
lumbering, and they called
" north woods." Hence the
when
incorporated.
The
it
the
name
first set-
tlement was commenced, March,
25, 1763, by Moses Godfrey, John
and Increase Batchelder, and Solomon Bickford. Colonel Samuel
Johnson came, a few years after,
and the first night he was in town
he slept between two large stones
covered over by a quilt or canvass.
Within a few feet of where he rested the first night, his bones are now
taking their last rest. It was incorporated Feb. 6, 1773.
September 6, 1873, the people celebrated
the one hundredth anniversary
of the
town organization of their
town, and gave a general invita-
Principal. Northwood Seminary,
William H. Cotton, Principal.
Library,
There
tion to the sons
had
and
daughtei's,
who
native town, to join
them in the festivities of the occasion.
Over two thousand persons
met on the day appointed, and the
greetings of old friends and neighleft their
who had
not met for half a
were frequent, and the
enjoyment such as few partici-
bors,
century,
pate in in a
life
time.
Within thirty years
there have been fourteen violent
deaths in town. Ten were drowned, two were thrown from a carCasualties.
�NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER.
288
one killed in a saw mill and
one, a girl thirteen years of age,
and broken with hills, but the soil
is deep and fertile, and produces
most
fine crops of
wheat, corn, barley,
potatoes, &c.
There are many
riage,
murdered by her
whose name was Evans, in
October, 1872.
Three other men
left town temporarily, and never
returned. One was thrown from
brutally
uncle,
a carriage, one killed on the railroad, and the other drowned.
and Ministers.
First Churches
The Baptist Church was organized
in 1779, and the Rev. Edmund
Pillsbury ordained the same year,
as its pastor. The Congregational
Church was formed in 1781. Rev.
Josiah Prentice was ordained in
1799.
He was pastor over forty
years.
Boundaries.
Strafford,
North-east
by
south-east by Notting-
ham, south, and south-west by
Deerfield, and north-west by Epsom and Pittsfield. Area, 17,075;
acres
area of improved land, 10,
;
389 acres.
Distances. Eighteen nules east
from Concord, twenty-six northwest from Exeter, and about
twenty miles west from Dover.
The natural reRailroads.
sources and growing business, of
this town, demand a railroad, and
if the projected Concord and Dover Railroad is built, it will pass
through it. But three towns in
the county do as much manufacturing
as
Northwood, and
there are but two towns whose
freight would be as valuable for
any raih-oad, it being a longer distance to market. The largest unbroken tract of woodland in the
county, is in this town, and con-
tains
between two and three thou-
sand acres.
NOTTINGHAM.
Rockingham
The
County.
surface of Nottingham is uneven
fine
farms under a high state of cultivation.
Rivers and Ponds.
»
Little
River
the principal stream in town,
is
and affords some very good water
power.
Several small streams
have their source in this town,
and North River passes through
it.
There are several ponds, the
largest of
which
is
Pawtuckaway.
Mountains. Pawtuckaway Mountain
the principal elevation in
is
on the line between
Nottingham and Deerfield, and
town.
It lies
consists of three distinct peaks,
abruptly,
rising
and
designat-
Upper, Middle, and
Lower Mountains. These mountains were once the haunts of the
deer, panther, and wildcat.
Minerals
Bog iron ore and
white granular quartz are found.
Nottingham Square is
Village.
a pleasant village, situated on an
elevated site, about 450 feet above
ed
the
as
the sea level, and affords a fine
view of the surrounding country.
At one time it was the seat of
considerable trade, and still retains
its
delightful views.
Employments.
the principal
Agriculture
is
employment of the
96,000 pairs of shoes are
people.
annually
manufactured.
70,000
clapboards, 800,000 shingles, and
23,00,000 feet of boards, &c, are
sawed annually.
Productions of the
$72,147; mechanical labor,
$26,700; stocks and money at indeposits in savterest, $ 22,550
Resources.
soil,
;
ings
banks,
trade,
$
ists,
$
40,785
1,500.
$22,510;
;
stock
in
from summer tour-
�ODELL
— ORANGE.
Union
Churches and Schools.
Church, Rev. Hosea Quirnby, pas-
289
mer, south by Stark, and west by
Stark, Stratford, and Columbia.
There are thirteen schools
Average length of
tor.
ORANGE.
town.
in
schools,
the
for
year,
Hotel.
First
was
The
Grafton County.
eighteen
sur-
face is uneven, being situated
weeks.
Rockingham House.
Nottingham
Settlements.
settled
by Capt. Joseph Cilley
and others, in 1727. A tribe of Indians had their rendezvous, at one
time, on the shores of a pond in
Northwood, near the line of this
town, but no serious depredations
were ever committed by them on
the inhabitants of Nottingham.
Incorporated
May
First Ministers.
10, 1722.
Rev. Stephen
Emery, Congregational, ordained
in 1742, dismissed in 1749.
Benjamin Butler,
Rev.
settled in 1758,
left in 1770.
Boundaries and Area.
North-
and Lee, south
by Epping and Raymond, and west
by Deerfield and Northwood.
Area 25,800 acres. Area improved
east by Barrington
land, 11,473 acres.
on
of land between the
the height
Connecticut and Merrimack RivThe soil, in many parts of
ers.
the town, is good, and fine crops
are produced.
Tha
Ponds.
and
Streams
streams are small, but some' of
them afford a few mill privileges,
which are improved. There is a
small pond in the south-east part
of the town, from which is taken
a species of paint, resembling
Chalk and magSpruce yellow.
nesia have been found near this
Yellow Ochre, of a qualipond.
ty superior to that imported, is
found in various localities.
Cardigan Mountain
Mountain.
lies
in the eastern
town, and
is
part
of the
of considerable ele-
vation.
The principal
Employments.
employment of the people is agri-
Twenty-five miles
south-east from Concord, fourteen
miles north-west from Exeter,
and twenty west from Ports-
000 shingles, and 450,000 feet of
dimension timber are annually
mouth.
produced.
Distances.
By stage, three times
Newmarket station, ten
culture.
Railroad.
25,000
Resources.
clapboards, 250,
Productions of the
a week, to
miles, on Boston and Maine Rail-
$
road.
deposits in savings banks, $3,139;
1,300;
money
mechanical labor,
at interest, $5,500;
from sum$ 1,000.
Churches and Schools. Freewill
Baptist, Rev. J. C. Waldron, pasThere are seven schools.
tor.
Average length of schools, for the
year, seventeen weeks.
Orange was
First Settlements.
granted February 6, 1769, under
mer
In 1860, this
Coos County.
town had one white inhabitant,
but in 1870, the person had died
or moved away.
The town is
rocky, rough, and mountainous.
A large branch
of the Androscoggin has its rise here. It is bounded, north by Columbia and Dix-
by Millsfield and
$26,306;
stock in trade, $2,350
ODELL.
ville, east
soil,
Dum-
the
name
;
tourists,
Fellows,
of Cardigan, to Isaac
and
others.
The
first
�NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER.
290
settlement was made in 1773, by
Silas Harris, Benjamin Shaw, David Eames, Col. Elisha Bayne,
and Capt. Joseph Kenney. Incor-
porated July 18, 1781.
Boundaries. North by Dorchester, Groton, and Hebron, east by
Hebron and Alexandria, south by
west by Canaan.
and
Grafton,
Area
acres.
16,000
Improved
land, 5,624 acres.
.
Distances.
Sixteen miles east
Dartmouth College, ten
south-west from Plymouth, and
forty north-west from Concord.
Railroad. The Northern Rail-
road passes through the southwest corner of the town. East
Canaan depot, four miles distant,
the people take the
is where
cars.
OK FORD.
Grafton County. Orford is one
of the seven best farming towns
in the State, in respect of value
of agricultural productions, and
ranks as the third town in the
county. It is situated on the Connecticut which, through this town,
furnishes broad intervals, well
and
producing
excellent
crops of corn, oats, and hay.
uplands and
hills
The
afford fine pas-
turing and tillage lands. But one
other town in the State produces
as
many
bushels of wheat.
There are but few if any farming towns on the Connecticut that
equal Orford in its fine scenery of
and river
views. As you stand on many of
the farm hills which are cultivated
to their summits, you have a view
of the hills, and beautiful valleys
around you dotted with fine farm
houses, and well filled barns, and
a little farther you have an indismountain,
hill,
view of the
villages nestling
ring of the village school bell, all
denote that religion, education,
and
liberal
principles
harmoni-
ously dwell within; while still a
little farther, flows the winding
clothed on either
with broad intervals now
burdened with the rewards of the
Connecticut,
side
Troin
tilled
tinct
beneath the shades of the stately
elm, while the church sprre, peering through their tops, and the
vales,
husbandman's toil, and still beyond all this, are the green, cultivated hills of Vermont, and at
their base can be seen the puffing
locomotive, and the luxurious
cars, freighted with precious lives
as they glide through the vale.
and Mountains.
While the Connecticut River
washes the western border of the
Rivers, Ponds,
town, Orford Mill River passes
nearly through the centre and
furnishes some good water power.
There
are
four
or
five
ponds
Baker's
Upper Pond, lies within three or
four miles of the Connecticut and
discharges its waters into another
pond, lying partly in Wentworth,
.and the waters of both flow into
Baker's River. Indian Pond, lies
about one mile west from Baker's
Upper Pond. There are two conof
considerable
size.
siderable elevations called
Mount
Cuba, and Mount Sunday, lying
near the centre of the town,
Mount Cuba, extending east into
Wentworth.
Minerals.
On
the west side of
Cuba Mountain there are several
beds of limestone, which is granucrumble in burnSpecimens of quartz contain-
lar but does not
ing.
ing acicular crystals of oxide of titanium are also found here. Near
Sunday Mountain, is a bed of tal-
�291
ORFORD.
cose slate which answers well for
soap stone. There are many other
mineral crystals found in various
sections of the town.
Villages.
Orford village is situated on the upper banks of the
Connecticut and on the border of
the intervals and is one of the
handsomest and most quiet villages in the State.
Here are two
church edifices, large school house,
academy, five or six stores, of various kinds, one hotel, two lawyers, two physicians, one dentist,
and several small manufactories
and mechanical shops. The main
street is broad, and beautifully
shaded, while the dwelling houses
have a neat appearance and are
adorned with spacious yards, and
beautiful gardens.
Orfordville is situated about two
miles above the principal village,
and contains two chair factories,
lumber mill, and several other
small shops. Here are also one
church edifice, school house, store,
post office and several fine dwelling houses. It is a pleasant village
and a desirable place to live in.
Employments. The inhabitants
are generally engaged in farming
but the manufactures are important.
3,900 bushels of wheat, 12,
000 bushels corn, 20,000 bushels
oats and barley, 41,000 bushels potatoes, 41,000 pounds of butter and
4,700 tons of hay are annually produced. There are annually man-
ufactured 360,000 shingles, 1,480,
000 feet boards and dimension timber, 12,000 bushels meal and floux-,
50 tons starch, and there are two
chair factories, a harness shop,
blacksmith shops, wheelwright, tin
ware, and shoe shops, also carpenters, painters, tailors, and various
other mechanical business.
The
annual value of mechanical productions is $ 68,400.
Annual production
Resources.
of the soil $204,200 mechanical
labor $ 17,700 stocks and money at
interest $ 62,243 deposits in savings banks, $ 6,727
;
stock in trade,
$39,500;
from summer
$ 2,000
$ 10,000.
professional
;
tourists
business
Churches and ScJwols. CongreFrank B. Knowlton,
gational, Rev.
Universalist,
pastor;
At
;
Congregational,
Orfordville,
Rev. N. F. Carter, pastor. There
are fourteen schools in town. Average length of schools, for the
twenty-two weeks. Total
amount annually appropriated for
year,
school purposes $ 2,229.21.
Orford
Literary Institution.
Academy, Nathan E. Stark, principal, in 1870.
Orford House.
Orford was
granted to Jonathan Moulton, and
Hotel.
Settlement.
First
1761.
GenJohn Mann,
a Mr. Caswell, and one Cross,
others September 25,
eral
Esq.,
Israel Morey,
commenced
the
first
settlement
in June, 1765.
Rev. Oliver
First Ministers.
Noble, (Congregational) ordained
in 1771; dismissed in 1777; Rev.
John Sawyer, settled in 1787 left
Rev. Sylvester Dana
in 1795
;
;
settled in 1807
;
left in 1822.
Boundaries. North by Piermont,
east
by Wentworth, south by
Lyme, and west by Fairlee, Vermont. Area 27,000 acres area of
improved land 16,315 acres.
miles
Sixty-two
Distances.
northwest from Concord and
twelve south from Haverhill. By
cars it is eighty four miles to Con;
cord.
Railroad.
One mile
to Fairlee,
�NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER.
292
Vt.,
station,
on the Passumpsic
have induced many
to
OSSIPEE.
Countt. Ossipee is
town of the county. The
west and south parts of the town
are hilly and mountainous, while
the north-eastern portion is moderately uneven or nearly level.
The mountainous district affords
Carroi.t,
the shire
The soil is
excellent pasturage.
deep, and, when properly tilled,
produces fine crops of wheat, corn,
oats
tourists,
and
New-Hampshire scenery
spend their summers in this
lovers of
railroad.
and potatoes.
Lakes, Rivers and Ponds. Ossipee Lake, a beautiful sheet of
water, lies partly in this town. It
is about eight miles long and seven wide, and is quite as remarkable on account of its entire destitution of islands, and the bright,
silvery belt which surrounds it, as
is famous for
numerous islands. This lake
is shallow, and has many small
Ossipee River is
bays and inlets.
Pine and Bear Camp
its outlet.
the Winnipiseogee
its
Rivers discharge their waters into
Ossipee Lake, and ai'e the principal streams in town. There are
several ponds, of which Bear
Pond, in the south-east part, is
noted for not having any visible
outlet.
Ossipee and Green
Motmtains.
mountains are the principal eleva-
pleasant town, and enjoy the many
attractions which nature has so
lavishly bestowed
upon
it.
From
nearly
as
the
valleys or plains
fine
a home-view can be obtain-
ed as in any town in the State.
Ai'ound you are fine farms, where
waves the growing grass or
grain,
and rustle the leaves of the green
corn, fanned by the mountain air.
On the hill-side can be seen flocks
and herds, grazing on its gentle
knolls, or quietly reposing within
shade of the gorgeous oak or
maple. At the foot of the hills,
nestle the waters of the beautiful
the.
Ossipee, or
meander the spark-
To the
mountain streams.
south-east is Green Mountain,
with its icy fetters glistening in
To the
the summer sunbeam.
west is the Ossipee Mountain,
with its towering peaks, and in
ling
the
distance,
at
the
north, the
White Mountains show their
snowy summits and a little further to the west Chocorua Peak is
;
distinctly seen,
down
the precipi-
tous sides of which, tradition says,
an Indian made his last leap when
pursued by the white man.
Near
the foot of Ossipee Mountain is a
beautiful cascade, which attracts
many
visitors;
also
impregnated
a
spring,
with
sul-
tions in the vicinity of Ossipee.
slightly
The most
Near the westphuric acid gas.
ern shore of Ossipee Lake, in a
level field, is a circular mound,
about fifty feet in diameter, and
10 feet in height, supposed to be
the place where the Indians buried their dead after an encounter
with Captain Lovell. Several entire skeletons, besides hatchets,
tomahawks, etc., have been taken
lofty
peak of Ossipee
mountain has an altitude of nearabove the ocean level.
In the crevices of the rocks, on
Green Mountain, ice may be
found at all seasons of the year.
ly 2,500 feet
Summer
Resorts.
The bright
and silvery waters of Ossipee
Lake, and the beautiful mountain
scenery in and around Ossipee,
�PELHAM.
from
this
mound.
About 500
vis-
203
Area of
improved land,
spend their summer vacation in Ossipee.
There are three
hotels and many farm
houses,
where summer boarders are ac-
commodated.
way
Employments. Ossipee is one of
the best farming towns in the
17,740
acres.
excellent railroad facilities.
itors
State, many of its inhabitants being engaged in agriculture. There
is considerable money invested in
manufactories. Over 12,000 dozen
pairs of hose, over 1,250,000 feet
of boards, 100,000 clapboards, and
are annually
150,000 shingles,
manufactured, besides an extensive tannery and bedstead manufactory, annually producing 10,000
Bedsteads.
72,000 pairs of shoes
(See tables.)
are annually made.
Productions of the
Resources.
soil, $155,603; mechanical labor,
$ 55,950
994;
money
;
deposits
at
interest,
from summer
$41,557;
$ 3,
in savings banks,
tourists,
$25,000; Stock in trade, $ 19,980.
There
Churches and Sclwols.
are in town one Congregational,
two Methodist, and two Freewill
There are
Churches,
twenty schools in town. Average
Baptist
length of schools, for the year, ten
weeks.
Carroll
Hotels.
and
Houses, and Banks' Hotel.
Centre
Arri-
vals for the year, 7,500.
Sixty miles north-
Distances.
from Concord.
Railroad. Great Falls and Con-
east
Railroad
affords
this
town
FELHAM.
Hillsborough County. The
town is moderately
surface of this
uneven, but the uplands are excel-
and for the raising
But two towns in the
lent for grazing
of fruit.
county exceed
it
in the value of its
Over
were made
fruit productions.
rels of cider
6,000 bar-
in town,
in the fall of 1872.
Lowell and Lawrence furnish
the farmers a convenient market
surplus productions.
for
their
About sixty cans of milk are daily
to Lowell, and thirty to
Lawrence, the year round. In the
carried
eastern part of the
town are valuAbout
able quarries of granite.
twenty stone workmen are constantly employed at these quarries.
Beaver
Streams and Ponds.
River is the principal stream, and
together with its tributaries furnishes some good water power.
Gumpas, White's, and Island
Ponds are the principal bodies of
water.
Employments.
The inhabitan
Ossipee was
New Garden.
are principally devoted to agriculEvery hundred acres of
ture.
Incorporated February 22, 1785.
Rev. Samuel
First Minister.
Arnold, settled in 1829, dismissed
in 1831.
improved land in town yields the
farmer, on an average, $ 1,300 annually. This includes pasturage,
The lumber business
tillage, &c.
Boundaries.
North by Tamworth, north-east by Freedom and
Effingham, south-east by Wakefield, and west by Wolfeborough,
Tuftonborough
Moultonand
borough. Area over 55,000 acres.
is valuable, over 1,100,000 feet of
lumber, of all kinds, are annually
sawed. A frocking manufactory
annually produces $ 35,000 worth
of frocking. Stone quarried and
Besides there
dressed $15,000.
First
Settlement.
originally
called
�NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER.
294
are five blacksmith and two wheelwright shops, two grist mills, and
about 3,400 pairs of sale shoes
made. Total value of goods annually manufactured, $96,800.
Productions of the
Resources.
mechanical labor,
soil, $ 109,965
;
$
19,500
;
money at
interest, stocks,
$23,190; deposits in savings
banks,* $54,698; stock in trade,
town was incorporated, July 6,
1746, and the first town meeting
was holden July 27, 1746.
First Church. The first church
edifice was erected in 1746.
A
Congregational society was formed
November 13, 1751, and the Rev.
James Hobbs was ordained as its
There are six
Berry, pastor.
schools in town. Average length
of schools, for the year, twenty-
he died in 1765; Rev.
ordained in 1765,
dismissed in 1792; Rev. J. H.
Church, D. D., settled in 1798.
North by WindBoundaries.
ham and Salem, east by Methuen
and Dracut,- Massachusetts, south
by Dracut, and west by Hudson.
six weeks.
Area of improved land,
Abel Gage, private,
over 500 volumes A. Batchelder,
private, over 500 volumes.
Thirty-seven miles
south from Concord, ten southeast from Nashua, and six north
from Lowell, Massachusetts.
Railroads. Six miles to Lowell
station, by mail carriage, three
times a week. A new railroad is
in contemplation, from Lowell,
etc.,
28,491,
Churches and Schools.
gational Church, Rev.
CongreAugustus
Libraries.
;
Pelham was
First Settlements.
originally a part of Dracut, Massa-
and was formerly included in Wheelwright and Mason's
purchase.
The first permanent
settlement was made by John Butler, William Richardson, .Joseph
Hamblett, and others, in 1721, by
chusetts,
erecting a log house.
Two
years
date, a block
the above
house was built by the Mason probefore
prietors,
to
assist
those
stood ready to defend their counwhenever assailed. In the
try,
1755,
citizens sacrificed
give
nine of her
their lives, to
England Canada.
In the
Revolution, 86 of her townsmen
were enrolled on the lists of the
army; and the record shows she
furnished 98 men to assist in quelling the Rebellion of 1861. The
*
The savings banks of Massachusetts get a
large portion of the deposits of the farmers of
Pelham.
Ames Moody,
8,049 acres.
Distances.
through Pelham, to Windham depot, on the Manchester and Lawrence Railroad also one from
Nashua, through Pelham to Plaistow, on the Boston and Maine
;
Railroad.
who
might purchase, and protect them
from Indian incursions. The inhabitants of Pelham have always
French war of
pastor;
PEMBROKE.
Merrimack
County.
Pemon the eastern
side of Merrimack River, and is
one of the growing towns of the
State, both in wealth and population. The soil is various, and generally productive. The intervals
on the river are valuable, and pro-
broke
is
situated
duce excellent crops of corn, oats
and grass. From these intervals,
the land rises in large swells,
which yield abundant crops, when
properly cared
Rivers.
considerable
for.
Pembroke
stream
no
running
has
�PEMBROKE.
through it, but it is well watered
by small streams, while its borders are nearly surrounded by
The Soueook River
rivers.
washes its north-western borit
from
separates
and
ders,
Concord; the Merrimack waters
on the west, and separates the
while the Suntown from Bow
it
;
cook passes along its south-eastern
boundary, and separates it from
Allenstown.
There is a small
curve in the Suncook, at Suncook
village,
which has been made
since the town line was formed,
and brings a saw, and sash and
blind mill, into Pembroke, situated apparently on the south-east
bank of the river, in AllensThe Suncook furnishes
town.
some fine water power in Pembroke, which is well improved.
Pembroke street is
Villages.
situated on a high swell of land,
about one mile from the Merri-
mack.
The main
street runs par-
with the river, and is wide
and very pleasant. Thirty years
ago it was the principal village in
town, and the seat of considerable
trade.
At that time there were
two flourishing academies, severallel
al stores,
away
but the thriving
has taken
former prestige.
The
etc.
its
;
Suncook
of
village
Blanchard or Pembroke Academy
still remains, and meets with varied success. The views from this
village, of the surrounding country
summer, are delightful.
Suncook. Near the mouth of the
Suncook River, is situated the
in the
manufacturing village of Suncook.
The river runs through the village,
—consequently
partly
in
it
is
Allenstown,
located
but the
larger portion in Pembroke.
growth of
this village, it
The
might be
said,
295
commenced
less
than twenty
years ago, for a few years prior to
that time a destructive fire swept
over a large part of the business
portion of the village, and
ture prospects looked
its fu-
gloomy
for a
number of years. Since 1860, i
has more than doubled its population,
On
and trebled
the
its
Pembroke
wealth.
side the
Web-
Manufacturing Company em
ploys 94 males, and 225 females,
and annually manufactures 7,382,
ster
000 yards of cotton print goods,
valued at $552,000.
The Pembroke Mills employ 49 males, and
115 females, and manufacture 3,
740,000
ued
one
at
yards of print cloth, val-
$
280,000.
grist-mill,
There
grinding
is
also
20,000
bushels of grain annually, valued
at $ 23,900
700,000 feet of lumber
sawed, valued at $ 10,000 sash and
blinds, and printing cases, valued
at $ 10,000
besides bakery, foundry, boots and shoes, harnesses,
;
;
;
blacksmiths, tailors, &c. On the
Allenstown side is the China Manufacturing Company, employing
144 males and 340 females, and
manufacturing 11,122,000 yards of
cotton print cloth, valued at $ 832,
000. The total capital invested in
the various manufactories in Suncook is estimated at $ 1,650,000
employing 345 males, and 700 females, who annually receive for
their labor,
$ 384,000, and manu-
facture goods to the value of $
1,
There are two church edifices, two large graded schoolhouses, one bank, telegraph and
express office, from thirty to forty
stores, of all kinds, two hotels, and
about 2,500 inhabitants.
But few
villages in this State, have made
754,000.
more rapid progress
for the past
ten years than Suncook.
The Sun
�NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER.
296
cook Branch of the Concord RailSuncook Valley Railroad to Pittsfleld, furnish the village with excellent railroad facilroad, and the
„
About three miles north of Suncook village, on Suncook River, is
a small village, where there are a
lumber mill, grist-mill, a cotton
twine manufactory, and several
ities.'
other small shops.
As can be seen,
become a manufac-
Employments.
Literary Institutions. Pembroke
Academy, Isaac Walker, A. M.,
Principal.
Pembroke House, and
Hotels.
Suncook House.
Bank. China Savings Bank, at
Suncook, on the Allenstown side.
This town
First Settlement.
was granted by Massachusetts to
Captain John Lovewell, and his
company of fifty-nine men. in consideration of their faithful services
of agricultural, as
The grant
was given under the Indian name,
—"Suncook,"— in May, 1727. The
years ago.
settlement
Pembroke
lias
turing and trading town, instead
it was twenty
might be said that
the agricultural products have not
decreased within that time, but
the manufactories have increased
enough to over-balance the farm
productions.
Large quantities of
It
brick are made 40,000 clapboards,
950,000 shingles and laths, and 1,
800,000 feet of boards and dimen;
sion timber, are annually sawed
besides meal, flour, cotton goods,
&c. The total value of goods an-
nually manufactured, of
is
all
kinds,
estimated at $ 1,010,800.
Productions of the
Resources.
$126,170; mechanical labor,
$ 228,600 stocks and money at interest, $ 39,750 deposits in savings
soil,
;
;
banks,
$202,102;
stock in trade,
$ 59,025 professional business &c,
$ 80,000.
Churches and Schools. Baptist,
Rev. T. M. Goodwin, pastor Congregational, Rev. L. White, pas;
;
Methodist, Rev. James Noyes,
pastor; Catholic, Rev. I. B. Richer,
priest.
There are eleven schools
in town, six of which are graded;
average length, for the year, twentor
;
weeks
value of schoolhouses, $ 11,500; total amount of
money annually appropriated for
ty-five
;
school purposes, $ 2,230.25.
against the Indians.
many
made slow
progress for
years, for the reason of In-
dian depredations upon the property of the inhabitants.
James
Carr— killed May
the only person
the
Indians
1,
1748,
who lost
in
this
—was
his life by
town.
For
many
years the people led a life
of watching, anxiety, and fear,
which few persons in these days
know much about.
"The
death of James Carr, of
killed by the
enemy early in 1748, was attended
with a singular instance of canine
attachment and fidelity. He, with
two others, was ploughing on the
west bank of the river, within the
Topresent township of Bow.
Pembroke, who was
ward night, some Indians, who
had been concealed in a thicket
of bushes all day, watching them,
rushed upon them. His two com
panions were taken but in attempt
ing to run to the river, Carr, was
shot and fell dead on his back, with
his arms somewhat extended. As
;
the savages ran up to scalp him, his
dog, a large and fierce animal,
instantly attacked them, but was
stunned by the blow of a toma-
—
hawk, and
left for
dead.
ple at the garrison in
The peoPembroke,
�PETERBOROUGH.
being near
on an immediate pursuit, from the apprehension of falling into an ambuscade. After the departure of the
heard the
firing, but, it
night, did not venture
enemy, the dog revived, guarded
the corpse of his master through
the night, and was found the next
morning with his nose laid in its
open hand nor would the faithful
animal permit any one to remove
or even touch the body, until after
the use of much flattery and some
;
force."
This town was concerned in the
tedious controversy with the proprietors of Bow, who claimed certain lands belonging to the gran-
Some of the
grantees settled here as early as
1729.
It was incorporated under
tees in this vicinity.
its
present
name November
1,
1759.
Rev. Aaron
Whittemore, Congregational; ordained in 1737; died in 1767. Rev.
Jacob Emery, settled in 1768 left
in 1775.
Rev. Zaccheus Colby,
settled in 1786; dismissed in 1803.
Boundaries.
North-west by
First
Ministers.
;
Soucook River, which separates it
from Concord; east and northeast by Chichester and Epsom
south-east by Suncook River ; dividing the town from Allenstown
and west by the Merrimack River.
Area, 10,242 acres improved land,
;
Six miles south-east
from Concord, and ten miles north
from Manchester.
Distances.
PETERBOROUGH.
HlI.LLSBOROUGH COUNTY. The
diversified
uneven;
is
with hills, vales, meadows, broad
swells, and rills; the whole presurface
many beautiful landscapes,
worthy the pencil of a
The soil on the uplands is
and productive the hills and
mountain sides afford excellent
pasturing, while the meadows, on
the rivers, yield abundant crops of
grass.
There are many good
farms under a high state of cultivation, showing what they are capable of producing under the management of skillful husbandmen,
who intend to make farming their
business in New-Hampshire.
Rivers. The Contoocook River
artist.
rich
;
runs in a northerly direction,
through the centre of the town,
and affords some valuable water
power.
Nubanusit (or Goose
Brook) River takes its rise in
ponds in Hancock, Nelson and
Harrisville, and, after a passage
of nine miles from Harrisville,
and a fall of over 600 feet, joins
the Contoocook in the village of
Peterborough. For a description
of the valuable reservoirs, at the
head of
this river, see Harrisville.
This river furnishes nearly all of
the water power for the manufactories in Peterborough, with the
exception of a woolen mill, grist
mill, and barometer shop, and
several lumber mills. There are
excellent water privileges,
many
on both rivers, still remaining
unimproved.
Mountains. On the east side of
town is a chain of hills, called
The Grand
Pack Monadnock.
Monadnock, in Jafi'rey, lies in a
the
9,950 acres.
senting
297
skilful
south - westerly direction, about
ten miles distant. In the centre of
the town is a hill, at an elevation
of two hundred feet above the
The summit of this hill
river.
was formerly the site of a church
edifice.
Villages.
West Village
ated on Nubanusit River.
is situ-
Here
�NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER.
298
a large cotton manufactory, employing 44 males and 87 females,
is
and manufacturing wide sheetings, from 4-4ths to ll-4ths, also
drills and print cloth; value of
manufactured goods, annually produced, $ 160,000. There are other manufactories, store, graded
school house, post office, and two
paper mills.
Peterborough Centre Village
is
situated at the confluence of the
Nubanusit with the Contoocook
rivers, and is one of the largest
and most entei-prising villages in
the State.
The Monadnock
Rail-
road was
completed about two
years ago, (June 6, 1871) between
this place and Winchendon, Massachusetts, and has given a new
impetus to the business of this village. There are two cotton manufactories, carriage manufactory,
grist mill, harness shop,
shoe
shops, piano stools, barometers,
grave stones, trusses and supporters, tailors, jewelers, and various
other mechanical shops.
There
are five church edifices, high
school building, one large graded
school house, two banks, two ho-
Peterborough Transcript oftelegraph and express office,
three lawyers, five physicians,
three dentists, between twenty-
open direct railway communicaConcord and the north-
tion with
ern section of the State
;
to Ports-
mouth, through Manchester; to
Boston and Portland,
through
Nashua, Lowell and Rochester to
;
Connecticut River, north or south,
through Keene and, on the completion of the Hoosac Tunnel, will
give this town railroad facilities
second to none in New-Hampshire. With this prospective view,
together with the large amount of
valuable water power still unimproved, the future growth and
prosperity of this village looks
very flattering.
;
Summer
The good
Tourists.
roads and delightful drives, in and
around Peterborough, and the fine
views obtained from the cre&ts of
its many hills, have rendered it a
popular resort for tourists to spend
summer vacation. The numwho stop here, through the
warm season, is estimated at 400.
their
ber
Employments.
Peterborough
is
decidedly a manufacturing and
mercantile town, as their annual
from these two sources,
exceed the value of the whole
receipts,
far
The Un-
tels,
agricultural production.
fice,
ion Manufacturing Co.,
five
and
thirty stores, of various
kinds, and about two
fifty
dwellings.
hundred and
There are many
fine buildings in the village, both
public and private, and some of
the streets and private residences
are beautifully shaded. The projected lines of railroad, being
from Hillsborough Bridge to this
village the Greenfield extension,
and the Manchester and Keene
;
roads, will, in all probability, be
built within a few years, and thus
Phoenix
Manufacturing Co., and Peterborough Manufacturing Co., annually produce cotton sheetings,
from 36 inches to 100 inches wide,
cotton drills and print cloth, to
the value of $ 383,000 J. Noone'a
Sons, woolen goods, to the value
;
of $75,000; J. Briggs, piano stools,
to the value of $50,000; foundry
and
machine
shop,
$25,000;
Charles
Wilder, thermometers
and barometers, $25,000. There
are also manufactured: leather,
$ 10,000 flour and meal, $ 35,000
wrapping paper, $ 28,000 harness;
;
�PETERBOROUGH.
custom boots and
$7,000; trusses and supporters, $8,000; monuments and
lumber,
gravestones,
$15,000;
becarriages, $6,000
$ 18,700
es,
$
10,000
;
shoes,
;
;
millinery,
sides printing,
tailors,
299
Value
twenty-one weeks.
year,
of school houses, $11,200. Total
amount of money appropriated for
There
which
has been established about two
school purposes, $3,314.50.
school
is a public high
—Thomas
blacksmith, and
years
various other mechanical shops.
There are invested in manufactories, of all kinds, $525,900; employing 275 men and 216 women
and children, who annually re-
cipal.
Peterborough Town
Library.
Library has about 4,000 volumes.
Newspaper. Peterborough Tran-
$ 175.600,
and produce manufacutured goods
First National Bank
Banks.
and Peterborough Savings Bank.
J.
the value of $740,900;
Briggs, the patentee and proprie-
at
jewelry,
ceive
tin, iron,
their
for
labor,
P. Maryatt, prin-
script.
Hotels.
to
French's Hotel, valued
tor of Briggs patent piano stools,
$ 45,000 annual arrivals, 7,256.
Union Hotel, value, $ 5,000 annu-
has purchased water power on
al arrivals, 3,300.
1
Nubanusit River, and is erecting
buildings capable of employing 70
men. The increased demand for
his stools has forced
him
to
make
enlargement in his business.
Resources. Agricultural productions, $128,742; mechanical labor,
$ 175,600 stocks and money at inthis
;
terest, $112,719;
deposits in sav-
banks,
$307,382; stock in
trade, $107,306; professional busiings
from summer
$ 80,000
$ 12,000.
Churches and Schools. Catholic,
supplied by the priest in Wilton
the first Sabbath of each month
value,
300
members;
church
Congregational Unitari$ 5,000.
ness,
;
tourists,
an, Rev.
W.
A.
members,
159;
Jackson, pastor;
value,
$25,000.
First Congregational, Rev.
George
Dustan, pastor 87 members value, $ 12,000. Methodist Episcopal,
Rev. A. F. Baxter, pastor; 40
;
members;
;
value, $8,000.
First
W. O. Ayer, pastor;
Baptist, Rev.
members value, $ 4,000.
There are fourteen schools in
town, live of which are graded.
Average length of schools, for the
60
;
;
;
First
Settlements.
This town
was granted by the government of
Massachusetts to Samuel Hey wood
and others in 1738. The first settlers were Scotch Presbyterians,
from Ireland, and being unacusto clearing and cultivating
wild lands, they endured great
Their nearest gristprivations.
mill was at Townsend, Mass.,
and
twenty-five miles distant,
their road was only a line of mark-
tomed
ed trees.
It appears that as early as 1750
the
inhabitants
were
afflicted
Octowith Indian depredations.
ber 6, 1750, Alexander Robbe,
Thomas Morrison, James Mitchell, William Robbe, John White,
James Gordon, John Smith, John
Hill,
William
Scott,
and Thom-
Vender, petitioned to the
General Court of Massachusetts
to allow them to build a fort and
block houses at the expense of
this State, and, also, to have a
guard of twenty men sent them
Their exfor their protection.
cuse for calling on Massachusetts
for this assistance, was, that if
as
�NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER.
300
they were obliged to give up the
settlement at Peterborough, Townsend, Leominster, and Lunenburg,
in that State, would be left expos-
ed to the depredations and cruel-
John Ritchie
male child born in
town. He was born February 22,
1759, and died in the defense of
ties of the savages.
was the
first
his country, at
Cambridge, in
1776.
Hugh Gregg and Samuel Stinson
were among the first settlers. The
town was incorporated January
17 ,1700.
nished
Peterborough has fur-
many eminent men, who
have adorned the bench, chair of
State, the pulpit, the bar, the halls
of Legislature and of Congress.
First Ministers.
Rev. John
Morrison, ordained in 1766, resigned in 1775; Rev. David Annan, settled in 1778, left in 1792;
Rev. Elijah Dunbar, ordained in
1799, dismissed in 1827.
Boundaries. North by Hancock
and Greenfield, east by Greenfield
and Temple, south by Temple,
Sharon, and Jaffrey, and west by
Jaffrey, Dublin, and Harrisville.
Area, 23,780 acres. Area of improved land, 15,925 acres.
Forty-two miles
south-west from Concord, and
twenty west from Amherst.
Distances.
Railroads.
road has
its
Monadnock
Rail-
terminus in this town.
PIERITIONT.
Grafton County.
The
sur-
mill stream, and affords
some good water power, which is
large
improved.
Mountains. Peaked and Black
Mountains are the principal elevations, from the summits of
which a fine view of the country
can be obtained.
Minerals.
Iron ore hill coninexhaustible supplies of
specular and magnetic iron ore of
superior quality.
vein of stone
tains
A
runs through this town, which is
peculiarly adapted for whet stones,
large quantities being annually
manufactured.
Employments.
Agriculture is
the principal employment of the
inhabitants.
150,000 shingles
and
of boards, &c, are
annually.
There is also
675,000 feet
sawed
one hub manufactory, where
12,
000 hubs are manufactured, valued
and one whet stone and
manufactory, where
1,300 gross of whet stones, and
100 gross of rifles, valued at $ 4,
300 are annually made.
at
$
2,250,
scythe
rifle
Resources.
soil,
$
127, 175
;
Productions of the
mechanical labor,
$12,800; money at interest, $62,
300; deposits in savings banks,
$7,276; stock in trade, $ 12,114.
Churches and Schools. Congregational, Rev. A. L. Marden, pas
Methodist, Rev. Moses Shertor.
man, pastor. There are thirteen
Average length
schools in town.
of schools, for the year, twenty-
but the soil is fertile
and produces good crops of wheat,
two weeks.
potatoes and hay.
Along the banks of the Connecticut, is some good interval land.
granted to John Temple and 59
face
is hilly
corn,
The
oats,
hills afford some very fine
pasturage for sheep grazing, large
numbers being kept in town.
Streams. Eastman's Brook is a
First Settlement.
others,
first
November
settlement was
Piermont was
6,
Minister.
First
1764.
made
Rev.
The
in 1770.
John
Richards, settled in 1776, left in
Congregational Church
1802.
A
was organized
in 1771.
�PITTSBURG.
North by Haverby Warren, south by Orford, and west by Bradford, Vermont.
Total area 23,000 acres;
improved land, 16,315 acres.
Boundaries.
hill,
east
Seventy-five
Distances.
miles
and
north-west from Concord,
eight south from Haverhill.
Coos County.
est
town
in the
4,800
money
;
at interest,
tourists,
$
;
$
4,900
from sum-
5,000.
and Schools. There
is an Advent Society in town;
nine school districts, and six
Churches
is
the
far the larg-
and was
originally
called
Indian Stream
Territory.
A
portion
large
$
mer
Pittsburg
State,
tons of starch are annually
manufactured;
375,000 feet of
boards &c, and 24,000 clapboards,
are annually sawed.
Productions of the
Resources.
labor,
soil, $45,289; mechanical
fifty
stock in trade, $ 10,000
PITTSBUKG.
northernmost and by
501
of
town is still covered with a
heavy growth of wood and timber,
which was principally the proper-
the
average length, for the
schools;
year, thh'teen weeks.
The exact time
Organization.
of the organization of the town
these heavy forests the Deer, Bear,
General Moody
not known.
Bedel, who rendered valuable
service in the war of 1812, John
Haines, Esq., Rev. Nathaniel Per-
Wolf, and Sable
roam, while
and ponds
abound with Trout, and Pickerel,
kins,
and along the banks, are the Otter,
Mink, and Musk-rat. The surface
of Pittsburg is broken and uneven,
ed December 10, 1840.
Hotel. Connecticut Lake House.
Boundaries. North by the highlands that separate the waters of
ty of the State, prior to 1868.
the
streams,
In
still
lakes
but the soil is well adapted to grazCorn, buckwheat, and the
ing.
English grains are successfully
produced.
Rivers and
Indian,
Lakes.
HalFs, and Perry's streams furnish
abundant water power. In the
north-east portion of the town, is
Connecticut Lake.
It is four
miles in length, and three in
width,- and is the source of Connecticut River. Four miles above
Connecticut Lake, is Second Lake,
which is connected with it by a
considerable stream. Third Lake
lies two miles above Second Lake,
has an area of 200 acres, and is
situated near the highlands, which
New-Hampshire from
Canada.
Employments.
The people are
engaged in agriculture.
About
separate
is
Jeremiah Tabor, Ebenezer
and about fifty others,
Fletcher,
settled here in 1810.
Incorporat-
the St. Lawrence from those that
fall into the Connecticut;
east by
the State of Maine, south by Connecticut River, and west by Hall's
Stream.
acres;
The area is over 200,000
area of improved land, 6,
008 acres.
One hundred and
Distances.
seventy-six miles north of Concord, and forty north-east of Lancaster.
Connected by stage
North Stratford station on the
Railroads.
to
Trunk
Grand
that the
It is
about
expected
and
Quebec
Railroad,
twenty-five miles.
Montreal
Railroad, will be extended through
this tract of
develope
which
its
are,
New-Hampshire, and
valuable
resources
at the present time,
in a latent state.
�NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER.
302
PITTSFIEIiD.
Mekrimack County.
is
one of the growing towns of
county,
and
its
future
have been established,
1870, there
Pittsfield
the.
prospects
three large shoe manufactories,
employing 325 hands, and annually
producing 500,000 pairs of womand shoes valued at
are very flattering. The surface
is uneven, and, in some portions,
rocky but the soil is very fertile,
en's boots
producing excellent crops of wheat,
corn, &c. But one other town in
the county raises as many bushels
of wheat, and but two sell as
and dwelling houses, with every
prospect that what has already
been done is but a foretaste of its
future business operations. There
many
many
are in the village, four church ed-
;
gallons of milk.
There are
farms under a high state
of cultivation, and many wealthy
farmers in Pittsfield.
Suncook
Rivers and Ponds.
River passes through this town in
a southerly direction, affording
many fine water privileges,
several of which are not improvfine
The new
railroad facilities
will, doubtless,
cause the utilizing
ed.
of
all
the surplus water power beBerry's and
years.
many
fore
Wild Goose ponds are the
princi-
$550,000.
There have also been
many
erected
business buildings
an academy, town
ifices,
hall,
two
banks, about twenty stores, of various kinds, one hotel,
offices,
three
numerous
professions,
of various
large shoe manufactories,
one
cotton
manufactory,
mill,
saw
and many other
shops,
and about
mechanical
two hundred
A
grist-
mill,
dwelling
houses.
disastrous fire occurred here in
the
fall
of 1872, but the people are
alive to such an emergency,
it
will soon be rebuilt with
and
more
pal bodies of water.
expensive structures, adding beau-
Mountain. " Catamount Mountain' extends across the south-east
part of the town. It has an elevation of 1,450 feet above the level
of the ocean, which can be distinctly seen from its summit, in a
clear day. Berry's Pond is on this
mountain.
Black tourmaMinerals &c.
line and magnetic iron are found
peat bogs are
in a few localities
numerous, and, when reclaimed,
produce heavy crops of grass. A
short distance north-east from the
village, is a spring impregnated
with sulphur.
Village.
In a valley on the Suncook river is situated the neat and
ty
ufactories.
flourishing
facturing
1
;
village
of Pittsfield.
Since the introduction of the railit has increased in business
and population very rapidly. Since
road,
and renewed
Pittsfield
ments
in
for
life to the village.
holds out great induce-
manufactures to locate
it.
Employments.
The inhabitants
are largely engaged in manufac-
and mercantile
though the products of the
turing
valuable. About 600,000
women's boots and shoes
trade,
soil are
pairs of
are
man-
ufactured annually, and over 2,000,
000, yards of cotton cloth, 7,000
shingles, 500,000 feet of boards and
dimension timber, and 9,000 shoe
boxes are annually produced.
There is a planing and turning
mill, and several other small man-
mill, in
The Pittsfield ManuCompany enlarged their
the summer of 1873, to the
of manufacturing
per cent, more goods.
capacity
fifty
�303
PLAINFIELD.
Agricultural produc-
Resources.
$ 97,973
tions,
$255,500;
mechanical labor,
;
stocks,
money at
&c, $30,200;
interest, $12,350; deposits
in savings banks, $ 137,248;
in trade, $43,375;
tourists,
iness,
$
3,000
&c,
;
stock
Congre-
Deering, pastor Cal. Baptist, Rev.
M. Coburn, pastor; Episcopal,
Union, Rev. Joseph Harvey, pastor Quaker, Hiram Paige,
pastor. There are ten school districts, and eleven schools in town
average length, for the year, eighteen weeks; amount of money annually appropriated for school
purposes, $ 1,755.45.
Literary Institution.
Pittsfield
Academy, a prosperous institution,
is located here,
Library. Pittsfield Library As;
J.
;
;
sociation.
Newspaper. Pittsfield Star.
Hotel. " Washington House."
John Cram and
were the first settlers in
It was incorpoi ated
town.
First Settlers.
others
-
27, 1782.
Rev. ChristoFirst Minister
pher Page, (Congregational,) settled in 1789, dismissed, 1793.
North-east
Boundaries.
by
Barnstead, south-east by Strafford
nd Northwood, south-west by
Chichester and Epsom, and northArea, 14,927
west by Loudon.
acres; improved land, 10,648 acres.
Distances.
By
railroad,
twen-
ty-two miles north-east from Concord
private conveyance, fifteen
;
miles.
Pittsfield is the ter-
Railroad
minus of the Suncook Valley Railroad. Suncook Valley Extension
to Alton,
it
is
Sullivan
County.
Plainfield
one of the best farming towns
The Connecticut
in the State.
River waters its western border
where can be found some very
valuable interval. In other parts
of the town, there are many fertile
is
Churches and Schools.
this
PLAINFIELD.
professional bus-
$60,000.
The Con-
cord and Rochester Railroad passes through Pittsfield, if ever
constructed.
from summer
gational-Freewill Baptist, Rev. A.
March
built another season.
thought, will be
meadows.
The
hills furnish
some
of the best pasturage for sheep in
the county. The soil is generally
strong and
fertile,
producing ex-
cellent crops of wheat, corn, oats
and potatoes. Nearly 4,000 bushels of wheat and 18,000 bushels of
corn are annually produced.
Rivers and Ponds. Connecticut
River waters its western part,
while a small stream whieh has its
source in Croydon mountains passes through the centre. Hart's Island, in the Connecticut, contains
nineteen acres. There are two
small ponds.
Elevation. Home Hill, on the
Connecticut, is a considerable elevation. Its summit can be seen
for a long distance, either up or
down the river, and it was named
by the Indians, who had their encampment near its base.
Lime Stone, of a good quality, is
found in the western portion of the
town.
Plainfield has a pleasant village
situated on a plain, through the
centre of which a street passes,
north and south.
On a gentle eminence, in this
town, is located the beautiful village of Meriden, upon the top of
which eminence are two churches,
a school house, two stores, a hotel,
�NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER.
304
and Kimball Union Academy, being
one of the most distinguished literary institutions in the State. This
school was founded in 1813, and incorporated the same year. It was
endowed by Daniel Kimball, Esq.,
of Meriden, with the sum of $ 42,
000, and has an additional school
property of $ 18,000. Number of
alumni, about fifteen hundred.
The average expenses of each
scholar, including tuition, board
and room-rent, is $150.00 per year.
The average number of students,
per year, for the last thirty years,
has been about two hundred.
Of the income of this fund, $ 150
is annually applied towards the
support of a preacher the remainder, in aid of young men who contemplate entering upon the duties
of the ministry.
The success which has hitherto
attended this institution, is a sufficient guarantee of its present
standing and future prospects.
;
Rev. L. A. Austin, M. A.,
is
the
Churches and
There
Schools.
are five churches in Plainfield viz.
two Congregational, two Baptist
and one Methodist. Revs. C. M.
Palmer and Jacob Scales, pastors
of the Congregational
Revs. H.
G. Hubbard and E. H. Smith,
pastors of the Baptist, and Elder
David Moody, Methodist pastor.
There are sixteen school districts
and seventeen schools. Average
;
length of
schools, for the year,
twenty weeks.
Hotels. Booth House.
First Settlers. L. Nash, and J.
Russell settled here in 1764.
In-
corporated, or a grant given,
Au-
gust
14,
1761.
First Ministers.
Rev. Abraham
Cai-penter, (Congregational)
tled
in
1765; dismissed
in
set1799.
Rev. Micah Porter, settled in 1804
dismissed in 1824.
Boundaries. North by Lebanon,
east by Grantham, south by Cornish, and west by Hartland, Vermont. Area of improved land
Principal.
24,683 acres.
Farming is the
principal employment of the in-
west from
habitants.
Some of the finest farms
in the State can be found in this
north-west from Newport, and
twelve south from Dartmouth
town.
Many of the farmers keep
summer boarders through the
College.
warm
Railroad,
Lebanon on Northern
and Windsor on the
Vermont
Central, are the nearest
Employments.
weather, there being about
400 tourists who spend their summer vacation in this pleasant town.
Distances.
Railroads.
paints to railroads.
50,000 clapboards, 200,000 shingles,
and 700,000
Furniture to a
moderate extent, is manufactured.
Resources.
Agricultural products,
$
$
5,500
mechanical labor,
stocks and bonds, $ 14,000
179,075
;
;
money
its in
at interest, $37,710; depossavings banks, $ 35,826 stock
;
in trade, $54,000;
tourists,
$
PLAISTOW.
feet of boards, etc., are
annually sawed.
12,000.
from summer
Sixty miles north
Concord, seventeen
Rockingham County.
tow
Plais-
a small township with an
even surface, in the larger portion
of the town. The soil is generally
good, being a mixture of black
loam, clay,
and gravel.
The
many thrifty farms, attest as to
the quality of the soil, and to the
skill and industry of the husbandis
�PLYMOUTH.
man.
305
William Hurlin, pasThere are four schools in
town. Average length of schools,
Its proximity to the large
manufacturing city of Haverhill,
Mass., gives the farmers, a fine
tor; Baptist,
market
for the year, twenty-four
for the sale of their sur-
tor.
Hotel.
abundance near the
centre of the town, which affords
a rare opportunity for the manu-
originally
is
found in
facturing of brick.
On
Village.
Boston
the
and
Maine Railroad, near the centre
of the town, is located the pleasant
village, of Plaistow.
There are
several stores, of various kinds,
one
hotel,
two church
edifices,
school houses, post office, telegraph office, one lawyer, two physicians,
and about
houses.
If
fifty
dwelling
inducements
proper
are held out to the manufacturers
in the
hill,
now crowded
city of
Haver-
First Settlement.
of this village, can be
doubled, and the valuation trebled
within the next five years.
The inhabitants
Employme7its
are largely engaged in the manu.
facturing of brick.
It is estimat-
ed that there will be over 30,000,
made the present season (1873). Many people live in
this town, and do business in Hav-
000 of brick
erhill.
Besoui'ces.
Agricultural
pro-
ductions, $29,136; mechanical labor, $46,500;
money
at interest,
there
sion.
First
Churches and
ScJiools.
Congre-
* The Savings Banks, in Massachusetts, receive the benefit of the large deposits,
by the people of Plaistow.
made
Ministers.
Rev.
James
(Congregational)
settled in 1730 died in 1764.
Rev.
Gyles Merrill, ordained in 1765;
died in 1801.
Boundaries. North and northeast by Kingston, east by Newton,
south by Haverhill, Massachusetts,
and west by Atkinson.
Area
6,839 acres. Area improved land
dishing,
;
2,609 acres.
Distances.
Forty miles south
from Concord, eighteen south
from Exeter, and four north from
east
Haverhill, Massachusetts.
Railroad.
Boston and Maine
Railroad passes through this town.
PLYMOCTH.
Grafton County.
is
gational Rev. Calvin Terry, pas-
date given.
definite
were among the first settlers. It
is said that Deacon J. Harriman
was the first man in New-Hampwho embraced the Baptist persua-
;
$1,000.
no
is
Captain Charles Bartlett, Nicholas White, Esq., Deacon Benjamin Kimball, and J. Harriman
deposits
in
savings
$ 18, 900
banks in the State,* $2,800; stock
in trade, $31,590; from summer
tourists,
Plaistow was
of Haverhill
New-Hampshire, a charter was
granted Feb. 28., 1749.
Its settlements commenced early, but
18,000 pairs of shoes, are
annually manufactured, and about
350,000 feet of lumber sawed.
a part
Mass., and was part of the territory, in tbe Indian purchase of
1612.
After it became annexed to
four miles distant, the popu-
lation
weeks.
Union House.
plus productions, at remunerative
prices. Clay of the best quality
half shire
Plymouth
town of the county.
Owing
to its central position on the
great railway line of travel to the
western sections of the White
Mountains the fine natural scenery which surrounds it, and the
;
�NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER.
306
energy and public
spirit of its citi-
becoming one of the
most important towns in the county, and it might be said, in the
zens,
it
is
r
State.
The
own road, they have
never forgotten to lend their influence and their money, for the promotion and welfare of this village.
Thej have erected here one of the
ests of their
surface
is
generally uneven,
and finest hotels in the
which is an honor to the
town, and to New-Hampshire.
Through the warm season this
largest
but the soil is very good, especially the interval land, and, usually, the farms are well cultivated.
State,
Many
house
of the hillsides are suitably
adapted to the growing of fruit,
and there are but two towns in the
county that raise as many apples.
numerous
Besides
Rivers.
small streams, in various parts, it
watered by the Pemigewassett
on its western border, and Baker's
River, flowing through the northern section of the town, joins the
Pemigewassett in the north-eastern
part. Baker's River has its rise in
Benton and Orange, and is thirty
is
miles in length.
this river,
it is
At the mouth of
a party of men,
said,
from Haverhill, Massachusetts,
under command of Captain Baker,
attacked and defeated a party of
Indians, killing a number and securing a large
quantity
of fur;
hence the name of the river.
Village.
On the Pemigewasset,
and on the line of the Boston, Concord, and Montreal Railroad, is
situated the beautiful and growing
village of Plymouth. It is situat3d in the midst of some of the finest scenery in the State, and this, together with the generally neat appearance of the streets and build-
makes it a desirable place to
Here is located the State
Normal School. The building is of
brick, of modern architecture,
ings,
live in.
and with every convenience
school of this character.
fice
for a
The
of the Montreal Railroad
ofis
and while the
managers have in view the inter-
also located here,
generally
is
filled
with
many
of them staying from
two weeks to three months. The
passengers on the trains north and
south dine here; and one train
guests,
from the north, and two from the
south stay over night
and with
these advantages more people
know this house than any other
;
hotel in the State.
This village
is
the centre of a large mercantile
trade,
and has
many
yeai-s, for
also
been noted,
the manufacturing
of buck and leather gloves, and,
"Plymouth Glove" is known
through the larger portion of the
Northern States. There are eleven firms in this village, engaged
in this business, with a capital of
The annual value of
$70,000.
gloves manufactured is $ 120,000.
There are two church edifices, one
large graded school house, fifteen
or twenty stores, of all kinds, two
the
hotels, express
fice,
and telegraph
of-
three lawyers, four physicians
and two dentists. Blacksmiths, tin
workmen, carpenters, painters,
and
kinds of mechanics
a thriving
NewEngland village are found here.
The number of tourists who stop
in and around this pleasant village
from one week to three months is
estimated at 500, besides the thousands who stop for dinner or for a
tailors,
common
day.
all
to
The most noted
places of in-
terest, for travellers to visit.besides
the pleasant drives in any direc-
�05
H
fed
C
03
o
ffl
c
c
r
o
n
��307
PORTSMOUTH.
from the village, are Walker's
Livermore Falls, and ProsNo person will be satpect Hill.
isfied with his tour through NewHampshire, until he makes a visit
tion
Hill,
town.
Employments. Mercantile trade,
business,
manufacturing, hotel
keeping summer boarders, and
to this delightful
W. Blair, William Leverett, Esq.,
Joseph Burrows, and Samuel A.
Burns.
Pemigewasset House,
Hotels.
valued at $ 75,000 and Plymouth
House, valued at $ 10,000. Each
Hotel has a livery stable attached,
with from fifteen to twenty horses
apiece.
farming is by no means neglected.
There are 6,527 bushels of corn, 9,
This town
Joseph Blanchard,
Zachaand others, July 15, 1763.
riah Parker and James Hobert
000 bushels oats, 15,000 bushels po-
commenced the
tatoes, 32,000 lbs. butter, 29,000 lbs.
August, 1764, and in the following
autumn, they were joined by Jotham Cumings, Josiah Brown,
David Webster, Stephen Webster,
professional business are the chief
occupations of the inhabitants, but
maple sugar, and 3,000 tons of hay,
annually produced; 5,740 dozen buck, and 11,000 dozen leather
gloves,
annually manufactured,
valued at $ 120,000 lumber, $ 46,
800; flour and meal, $10,300; besides various other small mechanThe total value of
ical shops.
goods, annually manufactured, is
$ 224,000. (See tables.)
;
Agricultural
Resources.
pro-
ductions, $ 104,175; mechanical la-
money
bor, $57,400;
and
stocks,
$
at interest
9,125; deposits in sa-
banks, $51,154;
$36,678;
from
vings
trade,
tourists,
stock
in
summer
$ 50,000 professional bus;
Churches and Schools.
Congre-
gational, Rev. Cyrus Richardson,
members, 149 church val$ 10,000 Methodist, Rev.
M. W. Prince, pastor; members,
220; value, $19,000.
There are
eleven schools in town, two of
which are graded average length,
for the year, twenty-two weeks.
Literary Institution. State Normal School, Silas H. Pearl, the
ued
;
at
;
;
;
popular principal of this Institution, died in July, 1873.
Libraries.
to
settlement, in
first
and Ephraim
They organized a Congregational Church in 1765.
First Ministers.
Rev. Nathan
Ward, Congregational ordained
James
Blodgett,
Weston.
;
Rev.
Fairbanks; ordained in
1800, dismissed in 1818.
In 1803,
a Methodist church was foi'med.
Boundaries. North by Rumney
and Campton, east by Holderness,
south by Bridgewater, and west by
Hebron and Rumney. Area, 16,
256 acres area of improved land,
in 1765, dismissed in 1794;
Drury
;
10,103 acres.
iness, $60,000.
pastor
Settlements.
First
was granted
Private libraries of
over 400 volumes, are Colonel H.
Distances.
Fifty-one miles north
from Concord, by railroad; and
thirty-five south-east from Haver
hill.
PORTSMOUTH.
Rockingham County.
mouth
is
Ports-
town in
half shire town
the only seaport
the State, and
is
of the county. In 1872, with the
exception of Manchester, it was
the wealthiest city in the State,
and the fourth in population.
The
first
known
white man,
to
step
who was ever
foot
on the
soil
�NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER.
308
was Captain
Martin Pring, of Bristol, England,
in 1603, who landed in the vicinity
of where the city now stands. In
1614, Captain John Smith sailed
up the Piscataqua and examined
its waters
but the regular settleof New-Hampshire,
;
ment
did not
commence until
It is situated
1623.
on the south side of
the Piscataqua, about three miles
many
of the buildings
but
there are many fine structures of
modern architecture. The Cust< >m
sequently
have an antique appearance
;
House, Athenreum, Rockingham
House, and several churches, are
nice
Many
buildings.
streets are wide, clean,
mented with shade
of
the
and orna-
trees,
while
river, at this
the residences are adorned with
fine yards and gardens, which give
point, is over one-half mile wide,
the place a pleasant and inviting
from
its
mouth.
The
and, at low water, is seventy feet
deep, with a current of over five
The tide rises
miles an hour.
about ten feet, and consequently,
with the strong current, the river
is kept clear of ice in the harbor,
and for many miles up the river.
The
river, at its mouth, is protected by head lands and islands,
thereby debarring heavy seas from
the Atlantic. The channel of the
river has never less than forty-five
feet of water, at
low
tide.
With
advantages, the harbor is
considered one of the best and
safest on the Atlantic coast. The
location of the city is very pleasant; the land gently sloping towards the harbor. There is no
pleasanter country, nor finer roads
in New-England than are seen
around Portsmouth. The country
these
is
thickly settled with good farm
them betokening an air of wealth (and it might be
houses, nearly
all
of
said luxury,) while the streets are
wide, level and beautifully shaded.
Portsmouth has not increased in
population quite as rapidly as some
of her sister cities, who have been
extensively engaged in manufacturing for the past thirty yeai-s,
but has steadily grown in wealth.
It is an old town, and was an hundred years of age before Concord
or Manchester were chartered, con-
appearance.
The proximity
to
the sea and neighboring beaches
renders it a delightful summer
resort.
Portsmouth, from 1802 to 1813,
visited with several- disastrous fires.
In 1802, one hundred
and two buildings were burned.
In December, 1806, fourteen, including St. John's church; and in
was
fifteen
1813,
town
of the
acres
were
burned over, destroying
three hundred and ninety-seven
buildings.
It
has been the seat of consider-
able mercantile trade
years,
past
it
and
for
many
number
of years
has increased quite rapidly
for a
in manufacturing.
Kearsarge Mills, employ 134
males and 237 females; annually
manufacture goods to the value of
$ 450,000 wheat and corn ground,
$ 115,000; leather tanned, $20,000;
boots, shoes and slippers, $40,000;
foundry and
clothing, $ 100,000
machinery, $ 40,000 cod liver oil,
$8,000; stone and marble work,
;
;
;
$30,000; gas, $32,000; bakery,
$31,000; ship building, $55,000;
tin
soap and candles, $ 12,000
;
ware, $18,300; printing, $55,000;
besides cigars, ale, brass foundry,
patent grapplers, anchors, furniture, doors, sash and blinds, carriages, coopering,
masts and spars,
�PORTSMOUTH.
tents and awnings, and various
other small shops. The total capital invested in manufactories is
$ 1,437,000 males employed, 624
females, 401 annual value of production, $ 2,944,500.
;
;
•
Portsmouth
business,
is
many
so situated in
its
being engaged in
309
;
W. H.
Baptist, Rev.
Alden,
ConRev. C. S. Martyn,
pastor;
Episcopal, Rev.
J. F.
Bingham, rector; Freewill Baptist, Rev. L. L. Harmon, pastor;
Methodist, Rev. A. C. Hardy, pastor; Unitarian, Rev. James Depastor;
Christian,
;
gregational,
commerce, and
Normandie, pastor
iness, that
Rev. O. Van Cise, pastor; Catholic, Rev. F. C. Walsh, priest. There
are twenty-seven schools in town,
twenty- two of which are graded
in the fishing busimpossible to give
account of the re-
it is
any accurate
sources of the city.
The
receipts,
no doubt, from these two sources,
are several hundred thousand dollars,
annually.
There is no doubt but that the
individual wealth of this city exceeds that of any other city in the
State,
with the exception of Man-
chester.
The
agricultural
valuable.
products
are
But three towns in the
county raise as many apples. The
improved land is about 2,000 acres.
The average value of crops to each
acre of improved land,
$ 45
is
;
this
includes pasturage.
The mercantile
trade is very
having an extensive territory of a rich and populous farming
country, both in Maine and NewHampshire. The number of stores,
of all kinds, is over two hundred
and fifty, with a capital invested
of over $1,000,000.
Resources. Agricultural productions $ 98,300
mechanical labor,
$ 406,000 stocks and bonds, *$ 991,
952
money at interest $ 473,442
stock in trade, § 1,436,301
deposits in savings banks, $ 1,099,
389; from professional business,
value of toll bridges,
$700,000;
$ 27,500 ferries, $ 40,000 wharves,
$ 46,734.
Churches and Schools. Advent,
large,
;
;
;
;
;
*
;
This does not include U.
It is said,
amount
S.
bonds which
to over a million of dollars.
Universalist,
;
number
of scholars, 1,974; average length of schools for the year,
forty-four weeks value of schoolhouses, $80,000; total amount of
money annually appropriated for
school purposes, $22,377.39.
There are two high schools in connection with the public schools;
viz. Girl's High School, A. M.
Payson, Principal
Boy's High
School; Lewis E. Smith, Principal. The schools of Portsmouth
are of a high order, and rank as
some of the best in the State.
Banks.
First National Bank,
capital, $300,000; National Mechanics and Traders' Bank, $ 300,
000 Rockingham National, $ 200,
New-Hampshire National,
000;
$ 150,000 Total Stock, $ 950,000
Portsmouth Savings Bank; deposits, $ 2,087,997.55
Portsmouth
Trust and Guarantee Company;
;
.
;
;
;
;
due depositors, $247,619.97; Capital, $ 100,000
unpaid dividends,
$77,60; borrowed, $2,386.27; total, $ 350,083.28
Rockingham Ten
Cents Savings Bank due deposi;
;
;
tors,
$449,425.42;
(See
tables.)
The Portsmouth National Bank
was the first bank granted by the
government, and issued the first
bank notes in' the United
States, at the time of the rebellPortsmouth Savings Bank
ion.
national
�NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER.
310
was
the
Bank
Savings
first
char-
tered in New-Hampshire, viz. in
The
1823.
capital
invested
in
National Banks is $300,000 more
than that of any other city in the
State.
Newspapers.
Portsmouth Jour-
nal, Daily Chronicle,
New-Hamp-
shire Gazette, Daily Times,
and Union.
States
and
(See tahles.)
Maritime. The number of foreign vessels entering the port of
Portsmouth, for the year ending
June 30th, 1871, was 49; tonnage,
7,306; crew, 295; American vessels, 9; tonnage, 1,446; crew, 49;
Coastwise Trade and Fisheries
Trade Steamers, 49, tonnage, 9,
713 vessels of all kinds, 540 tonnage 58,776; crew, 2,532; fisheries vessels, 306; tonnage, 5,580;
crew, 2,770.
physicians,
and
five
dentists, be-
sides various other professions, in
the city.
Early History.
We append a
few quotations of the early settlement of Portsmouth. " In the begining of the seventeenth century, some merchants
of Bristol,
England, having formed a private
company for the investigation of
this country, employed for that
service, Captain Martin Pring, of
Bristol, a skillful navigator" and
of considerable note. " They plac-
ed under his
command two
named
ves-
auspiciously
In 1872, the tonnage of the coasting trade had increased to 72,533
the
Speedwell, and the Discoverer. In
the year 1603, he set sail for
America, and was enabled to be
the first discoverer of New-Hampshire. Just 270 years ago, ( from
1873,) he entered the channel of the
Piscataqua,
and explored it for
three or four leagues. He landed,
and
and doubtless, with his compan-
;
;
;
—
fisheries
number
tonnage to
7,948.
The
of registered, enrolled and
licensed vessels, belonging to the
port of Portsmonth, was 73, with
a tonnage of 12,994. Five of these
were steamboats, with a tonnage
of 429; number of vessels built, 3;
tonnage, 1,207.
The maritime business of this
harbor is constantly increasing,
and some predict
it will nearly
iouble within the next ten years.
Hotels.
Rockingham House,
Kearsarge House, National House,
Franklin House, American House.
The Rockingham House is one of
the largest and finest furnished
hotels in the State.
All the hotels
are of the first order, and compare
favorably with the public houses
in other towns and cities in New-
England.
Lawyers and Physicians &c.
There are eleven lawyers, eleven
sels,
ions, trod the soil of this city.
The
Portsmouth therefore,
just-
city of
ly boasts of
years,
her antiquity of 270
and of being the
first soil
in
New-Hampshire that was touched
by the
feet of
1614, the
Englishmen.
celebrated
In
John Smith,
saved from death by the Indian
girl Pocahontas,
examined and
extolled the deep waters of the
Piscataquoag.
In 1623, the company of Laconia, in England, consisting of Gorges aud Mason and
many eminent and enterprising
merchants of London and other
cities,
selected
some choice per-
and sent them to establish a
plantation on this river.
They
were high minded men, who had
enlarged views of government, religion and religious
toleration.
They were not of the Puritan party, for Gorges and Mason had not
sons,
�311
PORTSMOUTH.
uated on Pleasant Street, a few
north of the Universalist
Church edifice. The Rev. Richard
the same religious views with the
Massachusetts planters.
rods
John Mason, the London merchant,
member
Gibson was the pastor, and was
of the Portsmouth
Company, for the planting, ruling
and governing of New-England,
and first governor of this province,
advanced a large sum of money,
for the welfare of this place, and,
the
|
I
may
be said to have laid the foundation of its commercial prosperiDavid Tomson, a Scotchman,
ty.
who seems to have been prominent among the planters who first
settled here, built a house on
Odiorne's Point, a few rods north
of the evident remains of an ancient
It was built the year of his
fort.
arrival here, was the first house
erected on this plantation, and
was afterwards called Mason Hall.
About eight years afterward, Humphrey Chadbourne built the Great
House, winch was situated on the
bank of the river at the corner of
It was
Court and Water streets.
afterwards occupied by Warrenton
&
Cutts."
"On
the 28th of
May
1653, the plantation, which was
accidently called Strawberry Bank,
by reaaon of a bank where strawberries were found," on petition
of Brain Pendleton, was changed
by the General Court at Boston,
and called Portsmouth," as being
a name most suitable for this
place, it being the river's mouth,
and as good as any in the land.
It
was
also the
name
of the Eng-
John Mason
The first edifice erected here, for public worship, was
an Episcopal Church.
It was
built as early as 1639, on what is
lish
City in which
was born."
now
erly
Church Street, (formChurch Lane,) northerly of
called
the Court House.
erected at the
same
A
parsonage
time,
was
sit-
first
minister settled in Ports-
The worship at this
mouth.
church was according to the ritual
Francis
of the English Church.
Williams was appointed Governor
of the plantation in 1634.
He wa
I
a sensible and accomplished man,
and popular with the people. He
collected about him many valua-
men, whose example and inwas of the best order.
These circumstances gave a high
ble
fluence
character to the town. Its reputawas so great that it was always selected in the days of colotion
government as a most desiraplace of residence, and for
many years it was the home of the
royal governors and the king's
" It has been distincouncil."
nial
ble
guished for
men
of patriotism.
Here lived William Vaughan, who
claimed to be the projector of
the siege of Louisburg, under PepDr. Cutter was a surgeon
perell.
" Colonel
in that expedition.
Meserve, and Major Hale, took an
and Samuel Langdon
was the Chaplain of the NewHampshire forces. General Whipple was one of the signers of the
active part,
Declaration
of
Independence.
Governor Langdon was always a
devoted friend to his country. H^,
with General Sullivan, seized one
hundred barrels of Gunpowder at
the
fort, in
the
mouth of
the har-
and conveyed them to Bunker
Hill, where they proved very valuable on the memorable 17th of
June. Governor Langdon had the
honor of presiding in the Senate
when General Washington was
elected President of the United
bor,
�312
NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER.
States,
He and John Pickering
and Pierce Long were delegates to
the Convention, for the adoption
of the Federal Constitution, and
ably sustained
it.
Portsmouth points with pride to
Sewall,
Buckminister, Haven,
Penhallow, Langdon, Cutts, Bartlett,
Webster, Brown, Alden,
Pickering, Shei'burne, Woodbury,
and the Wentworths who were natives or residents of the town.
"
Navy Yard.
The navy yard
is
I
1817
each,
owned
in 100 shares of $ 100
contains over 11,000 vol-
umes; Portsmouth Bridge,
I
ized respectively in 1789
Mc Clay
trict
in
of vessels of the largest class. It
is about three fourths of a mile
north east from the city. The territory embraced within its limits
is about 65 acres, and is nearly enclosed with permanent quay walls
of dimension split granite."
water
at the
wharves
The
of sufficient depth to float the largest
class of government ships, at the
lowest tide. There are three
is
large ship houses, seven large tim-
ber sheds, a mast house, and a rigging house machine shops and
wood shops on the most extensive
;
and improved plans. The
quarters for officers and men are
not excelled by those of any navy
station in the country. There is a
scale
oating dry dock,
for the repair
of the largest government ships.
This dock is 350 feet in length, 115
in width, 38 feet in height, and cost
$800,000.
employed
300, to
The number of hands
in this yard varies
over
from
2,000.
Old Oryanizations and Societies.
Portsmouth Aqueduct Company,
organized in 1798; Portsmouth
Marine Society, organized in 1808
Portsmouth Athenasuni, January,
Maine.
These
forts
Whales Back, New
White Island, and Boon
Castle,
the construction
1811.
protect the harbor from any foreign invasion. There are four
light-houses attached to this dis-
Piscataqua, within the limits of
Maine, and has every convenience
facility for
and
Forts and Light Houses.
Fort
Constitution is situated on Great
Island and nearly opposite to Fort
situated on the east side of the
and
1819;
Howard Benevolent Society, 1829.
The old fire societies were organ-
viz.,
Island.
Bridges.
connects
Portsmouth Bridge,
with Battery,
the city
Maine.
Incorporated
Capital
$64,000.
Bridge incorporated in
bridge connects
New
in
New
1821.
1819;
Castle
This
Castle, with
Portsmouth.
Cemeteries.
Auburn
Street
Cemetery has an area of thirteen
acres. It is situated on two gentle
swells of land at the foot of Auburn Street. In the centre of the
ground is a beautiful artificial pond
surrounded by a lawn, and ornamented with trees and shrubbery.
The grounds
are laid out in lots
divided with gravel walks, shaded
with the oak and maple. Har-
mony Grove Cemetery,
diton to
Auburn
is
an ad-
Street Cemetery.
July 4th, 1873, the sons and
daughters of Portsmouth celebrated the 250th anniversary since the
first permanent
settlement was
commenced. Almost every city and
almost every section of the country
was represented in the great meeting of the natives of this ancient
town. It was the largest and most
important gathering of people ever
held in the city of Portsmouth and
was considered a success.
�313
RANDOLPH.
First Ministers.
Rev. John Gib-
son, installed in 1639; Rev.
Joshua
Moody,
died in
settled
1671,
in
1697; Rev. Nathaniel Rogers, set1699, died in 1723; Rev.
Jabez Fitch, settled in 1725, died
in 1746, Rev. S. Langdon, D. D.
tled in
settled in 1747; dismissed in 1777;
Rev. Joseph Buckminister D. D.
settled
in
died
1779;
in
1812.
Rev. John
Second Church.
Em-
erson, settled in 1715, died in 1732;
Rev. William Shurtleff, settled in
Rev. Job
died in
1747;
1733,
Strong, settled
in
cord Railroad connects it with
Central New-Hampshire and the
western and northern sections of
the State.
The
Portsmouth
Railroad
set-
now
is
Dover
and
(1873,)
and will be open
the coming autumn.
built,
being
for travel
KANDOL.PH.
died in
1749,
Rev. Samuel Haven,
1751;
is reached by the Great Falls
and Conway Railroad, which forms
a junction with the P. S. and P.
about twelve miles from Portsmouth. The Portsmouth and Con-
shire
Coos County.
This town
is
tled in 1752, died in 1806.
situated at the northern base of
Boundaries.
North-west by
Newington, north-east by Piscataqua River, which separates it
from Kittery, Maine, south-east
and south by Rye, and west by
Greenland and Newington. Area
9,000 acres. Portsmouth, including Kittery, Dover, and Exeter,
was an independent republic until
1641.
It then, with Exeter, placed
itself under the jurisdiction of
the
until 1679, when
New-Hampshire was formed into a separate province.
It was
Massachusetts,
with
incorporated
limits,
May 28,
porated as a
Distances.
its
1653.
It
city,
July
present
was incor-
6,
1849.
miles
north from Boston, and four hundred and eighty-nine miles northeast from Washington, D. C.
Railroads.
Fifty-four
The
railroad facili-
Portsmouth are very good.
The Eastern New-Hampshire, has
its terminus here, and connects
the city with Boston. The Eastern connects with the Portland,
Saco and Portsmouth Railroad,
which leads to Portland, and from
ties of
thence to
all sections of Maine
the eastern section of New-Hamp-
White Mountains. The suris uneven and broken with
hills, and of its area of over 26,000
acres, only 1,400 are under any
improvement. The lumber busiface
ness is an important branch of
resource to the people.
Rivers.
Branches of Moose and
Israel's Rivers are the principal
and afford some water
power.
Farming and
Employments..
lumbering is the principal employment, of the people. 1,000,000 feet
of lumber, of all kinds, are annuIn seasons of good
ally sawed.
potato crops, quite a quantity of
starch is manufactured.
Productions of the
Resources
mechanical labor,
soil, $ 18,401
$ 4,600 deposits in savings banks,
from summer tourists,
$ 111
$ 2,000.
streams,
;
;
;
Schools.
town
There are three schools
average length, for the
year, nineteen weeks.
The average attendance, in proportion to
in
the
;
number
of scholars,
is
larger
than that of any other town in
the county, viz. 81 per cent.
Hotel.
Wood's Hotel.
�NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER.
314
First
was
Randolph
John Durand and
others from London, under the
name of " Durand" August 20,
1772.
It was first settled by Joseph Wilder and Stephen Gilson,
and was incorporated and received
its present name, June 16, 1824.
North by Berlin,
Boundaries.
east by Gorham, south by the
White Mountains, and west by
Total
Kilkenny.
area,
36,680
improved land, 1,400 acres.
One hundred and
Distances.
twenty miles north from Concord,
and twenty south-east from Lanacres
;
caster.
Railroads.
The nearest railroad
is at Gorham sta-
communication
tion,
five
miles
distant,
on the
Grand Trunk Railroad.
RAYMOND.
The
County.
town is generally
even, but the soil is various. The
Rockingham
surface of this
meadows on
the streams are pro-
ductive but not under a high state
of cultivation, while other portions, if properly cultivated, pro-
duce
fine crops.
Rivers and Ponds. Two branches
of the Lamprey River, from Deerfield and Candia, unite in Raymond, and the waters of two
ponds fall into this river in its passage through the town. Pawtuckaway River, from Nottingham,
crosses through the north-east corner into Epping.
In the north part of the town,
about one hundred rods from the
principal road leading to Deerfield,
near the summit of a hill, is a cave
or an excavation in the ledge
about fifteen feet, which is called
the " Oven," from the appearance
of its mouth.
is called Raymond Deon the Concord and Ports-
At what
Organization.
gi'anted to
pot,
mouth Railroad, is quite a village.
Here are three church edifices,
large school house, academy, ten
or twelve stores, of all kinds, one
hotel, various kinds of mechani-
and about seventy-five
dwelling houses.
It is the centre
of a large mercantile trade, and
has a business appearance.
Agriculture is
Employments.
the principal employment of the
inhabitants, but the manufactures,
cal shops,
Sale
and trade are valuable.
lumber to the value of $ 9,
meal and flour, $27,400;
200;
palmleaf hats, $ 8,000
besides sugar boxes, hogshead staves, tubs,
pails, mackerel kits, and various
other small mechanical shops.
shoes,
;
Total value of goods, of all kinds,
annually manufactured, is $ 79,800.
Resources. Productions of the
soil,
$
$94,606;
15,700
;
mechanical labor,
money
$
at interest,
15,
deposits in savings banks,
168;
$39,194; stock in trade, $30,375;
professional business, $ 12,000.
FreeChurches and Schools.
will Baptist, Rev. Joseph Fullonton, pastor;
Congregational, Rev.
Samuel Bowker, pastor; Methodist, Rev. William Hews, and Matthew Newhall. There are ten
average length,
schools in town
;
for the year, fourteen
Literary Institution.
High School.
weeks.
Raymond
"Two Terms
in a
year."
Hotel.
Central
House;
livery
stable attached to the house.
First
was
Organization.
originally
and, for
many
Raymond
a part of Chester,
years,
was
called
"Freetown." Itwasmadeadistinct
parish in 1762.
It
was incorpor-
ated under the present name,
May
�RICHMOND
Its population,
1764.
9,
was
in
315
are generally engaged in agriculture.
200,000 heading, 75,000 pail
stuff,
440,000 staves, 1,560,000 feet
dimension timber and 75,000
revolution. Four were killed, or
died in the service. Hon. John
Dudley, a patriotof the revolution,
member of the committee of safety, speaker of the house, and judge
of the superior court, died here,
of
May
terest, $3,435;
aged eighty years.
First Minister. Rev. Jonathan
Stickney, Congregational ordained in 1800.
North by DeerBoundaries.
field and Nottingham, east by Epping and Fremont, south by Chester, and west by Chester and Candia.
Area, 16,317 acres; area of
improved land, 11,084 acres.
Distances. Twenty-eight miles
south-east from
Concord, and
twenty-five west from Portsmouth.
The Concord and
Railroad.
Railroad
passes
Portsmouth
through this town, in an easterly
21, 1803,
;
and westerly
pails, are
Resources.
there being no elevations of any
soil
produces
good
crops of rye, wheat, corn, &c.
Rivers and Ponds. Branches of
the Ashuelot and Miller's rivers,
are the principal streams in town.
There are three ponds, one of
which is one of the sources of MilRiver.
Minerals.
ler's
Soapstone,
quartz,
felspar phosphate of lime, rutile,
iron
pyrites,
$
14,945
;
money
at in-
deposits in savings
stock in
banks, $49,918;
from summer
trade,
tourists,
$400.
Churches and Schools.
and Universalist.
dist,
MethoThere are
average length,
fourteen schools
for the year, ten weeks.
Hotel.
Howe's Hotel.
;
First Settlers. This town was
granted to Joseph Blanchard and
others, February 28, 1752, and the
first settlement was made about
1758, by people from Massachusetts
and Rhode Island.
Rev. Maturin
First Ministers.
;
died in
Rev. Isaac Kenney, settled
1792.
formed
First
in 1768;
Baptist
Church
second, in 1776.
North by SwanTroy and Fitzwilliam,
south by Warwick and Royalston, Massachusetts, and west by
Boundaries.
zey, east by
Area, 22,725 acres.
Seventy miles southwest from Concord, and twelve
south from Keene.
Fitzwilliam Depot,
Railroad.
on Cheshire Railroad, distant
eight miles.
U. S. Mail every
Winchester.
Distances.
other day.
RINDGE.
garnets, calcareous
Cheshire County. The surface of this town is uneven and
in some parts rocky, but the soil is
and hornblende crystals, are
found in one quarry.
Iolite, a
rare mineral of great beauty, and
highly valued, is found in the
deep
quartz.
crops
spar,
mechanical labor,
$21,000; stocks, and
in
The
Productions of the
$69,640;
soil,
1804.
RICH.TIONO.
note.
annually produced. (See
tables.)
Ballou, ordained in 1770
direction.
Cheshire County. The surface of this town is generally level,
The inhabitants
Employments.
1775,
The names
of twentyfour of its inhabitants are found
enrolled among the soldiers of the
683.
— RINDGE.
and
fertile
yielding
of hay and grain.
fair
�NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER.
316
Ponds and Streams.
thirteen ponds
let,
;
There are
Long, Grassy, Bul-
Manomonack, Emerson, and
Perley Ponds are the principal.
The three first discharge their
waters into the Contoocook, and
the three last into Miller's River.
Employments. The inhabitants
are principally engaged in agricultural pursuits, but the town is
noted for the manufacturing of
wooden ware, of various kinds.
The different mills annually produce nest, fig, and salt boxes, valued at $ 16,800 bobbins and spools,
$22,000; 18,000 brooms, $6,000;
;
1,120,000
pails,
$
2,800,000
19,500,
and dimension timber,
$43,100, 7,000 bushels meal, and
flour $11,000; besides, boots and
shoes, are made. There are blackfeet boards
smiths, carpenters, painters,
sons,
ma-
and other tradesmen. The
$
more inhabitants
mechanical labor,
stocks and money at in-
14,800
;
$23, 350; deposits in savings banks, $ 47,666 stock in trade,
;
$ 28,658.
Churches and Schools.
Congregational
Methodist
Rev. W. H. Stewart, pastor. There
are ten schools in town average
;
;
length of schools, for the year,
nineteen weeks; value of school
houses $ 8,000 amount of money
annually appropriated for school
purposes $ 1,577.50
;
Rindge House.
Rindge was
originally granted by Massachusetts,
and was called Rowley
Canada or Monadnock Number
One.
It was incorporated under
its present
name, February 11,
1768, for one of its proprietors.
Hotel.
First Settlement.
town
in 1790,
First
Ministers.
Rev.
Seth
Dean, (Congregational) ordained in 1765, left in 1780 Rev. Seth
Payson, D. D., ordained in 1782,
died in 1820 aged sixty-two years.
Dr. Payson was eminently distinguished for his many good deeds
;
in ministerial labors.
Boundaries. North by Jaffrey,
and Sharon east by New Ipswich,
south by Winchendon, Massachusetts, and west by Fitzwilliam.
Area 23,838 acres improved land
;
14,476 acres.
Distances.
Fifty-miles
south-
west from Concord, and twenty
south-east from Keene.
Bailroad.
Monadnock Railroad
passes through this town.
ROCHESTER.
Strafford County. Rochester
$ 56,395
terest,
in
than in 1870.
to-
value of goods annually manufactured is $ 150,600.
Besources.
Productions of the
tal
soil,
Jonathan Stanley, George Hewetts
and Abel Platts first made a settlement here in 1752. There were
one of the progressive towns in
the State, having, within the past
twenty years, nearly doubled its
is
population and wealth.
Its population, at the present time, (1873,)
is not far from 6,000, having on its
check-list, at the annual
town
meeting, 1,409 names. In Rochester village there have been erected, within the past three years,
two hundred dwelling houses; besides many business blocks
Its
railroad facilities are equal to
those of any town in the State.
Four railroads now come into the
town, or pass through it, viz. the
Eastern, Cocheco, Portland &
Rochester and Nashua & Rochester Railroads and the Concord &
Rochester Railroad has been chartered and, doubtless, will be built
—
—
�ROCHESTER.
The
within the next five years.
is uneven, rising in numerous swells, but the larger portion
can be cultivated. The soil is very
good and produces excellent crops
of corn, etc. There are some very
fine farms, under a high state of
cultivation.
The value of its agricultural products exceeds that
of any other town in the county.
surface
Squamanagonnick
the highest elevation, and
Elevations.
Hill
is
constitutes a considerable part of
several valuable farms.
Rivers.
Salmon Falls River
washes the eastern border of the
town Cocheco River runs through
the whole length of the town, and
;
nearly through the centre; Isinglass River crosses the southerly
corner, just before its junction
with the Cocheco River.
Both
Salmon
and Cocheco rivers
abundant water power,
Falls
furnish
which
beiDg improved, to some
is
extent.
Near the centre of the
Villages.
town on Cocheco River, stands the
principal village, foi'merly called
"Norway
thrift,
In point of
Plains."
business, wealth, and the en-
terprising spirit of
its
inhabitants,
equaled but by few villages
Its manufactures
in the State.
it is
and trade are considerable, and
very important. There are located
Norway
317
and growing
Besides,
villages.
three church edifices,
four school houses, a bank, two hotels, forty stores, of all kinds, sevthere are
eral eating houses, a
newspaper of-
fice,three express offices, telegraph,
physicians 1 ,
insurance, lawyers',
and various other offices, too numerous to mention.
Some of the
business blocks are
tial
buildings.
fine,
The
substan-
streets are
wide and in many places finely
shaded with the elm or maple
It
is a beautiful village, and all who
reside there feel proud to acknowledge it. The various lines
of railroads form a junction in this
village.
East
and
Rochester
growing
Portland
&
is
a pleasant
village,
Rochester
on
the
Railroad.
Here are three woolen mills, employing 200 males and females,
three churches,
school houses,
a post office, several stores and various kinds of mechanical shops.
Oonie Village has two woolen
mills,
employing 120 males and
fe-
males.
There are two banks,
a church, a school house, several
stores, a hotel, post office, &c. It is
a very pleasant village, and is the
residence of some of the most
prominent men in the State.
Employments.
Rochester can
justly
be'
called one of the princi-
Plains
pal manufacturing towns of the
Manufacturing Company, (three
mills) employing 350 males and
though its agricultural productions are valuable. The annual
value of woolen goods manufactured, in eight mills, is $1,142,000 over
700,000 pairs of boots and shoes are
in this village the
females
;
three shoe manufactories,
employing 450 males and females, a
large axe handle manufactory,
a door, sash and blind factory, two
carnage manufactories, a tannery,
lumber mills, also blacksmiths, carpenters, shoemakers, tin and the
various other kinds of mechanical
shops
common
to
enterprising
State,
;
manufactured
$ 9,000 worth of
carnages are made; 72,000 lbs.
splits, 18,600 sides sole leather, and
;
4,000 calf skins are annually pro-
duced; 200,000 shingles, 1,200,000
feet of boards,
&c,
are sawed; be-
�318
NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER.
and blind,
and various oher man-
sides there are door, sash
furniture,
The
town, seven of them being graded.
Average length of schools, for the
weeks value of
school houses, $ 19,950
amount
value of
goods, of all kinds, annually manufactured, is $2,275,500.00.
(See
year, twenty-five
tables.)
purposes, $6,355.55.
Library,
Banks,
ufactories.
Productions of the
Resources.
soil,
total
$ 139,888;
from operatives
in
the various manufactories, $463,
from carpenters, painters,
000;
masons, blacksmiths, &c, $ 90,000
interest,
at
$ 11,848;
money
deposits in
»fec., $47,600;
stock in
savings banks, $ 410,531
trade, $181,100;
from summer
professional sertourists, $ 9,000
This town is bevices, $ 150,000.
coming quite a popular resort for
summer tourists. The estimated
number who annually visit here,
for a few weeks or months, through
the summer, is three hundred.
Churches and Schools. Methodist Rev. D. J. Smith, pastor;
stocks,
;
;
number
of
valuation,
members,
$ 30,000.
church
Congrega-
300;
Rev. H. M. Stone, pastor;
150 church value, $ 20Freewill Baptist, Rev. E.
000.
True, pastor members, 40. Catholic, Rev. Father Pugh, pastor;
members, 300; church valuation,
East Rochester Meth$ 4,000.
odist, Rev. A. A. Cleveland, pasmembers, 75 church valuator
tion, $3,000. Freewill Baptist, Rev.
T. T. Kenniston, pastor; members, 80; church valuation, $9,000.
Advent Church, value, $ 800.
Two other Advent churches in the
Gonic:
town valued at $600.
Freewill Baptist, Rev. G. S. Hill,
pastor;
members, 110; church
valuation, $ 10,000.
One other
Freewill Baptist in town, Rev. P.
tional,
members,
;
;
:
;
;
Chesley,
pastor;
members,
50;
church valuation, $ 2,500.
There are twenty-six schools in
;
;
annually appropriated for school
Hotels,
Etc.
Rochester Social Library, 1,850
volumes. Gonic National Bank,
Gonic Savings Bank, and Norway
Plains Savings Bank.
Dodge's
Hotel, and "Mansion House," at
Rochester, and " Varney Hotel" at
Gonic.
Total value of hotels,
$ 75,000 number of arrivals the
;
past year, 10,750.
There are four
livery stables with 29 horses, val-
ued at $
6,200.
First Settlements. Rochester
was
granted by Massachusetts to several proprietors in one hundred and
twenty seven shares.
At that
time its area was 60,000 acres, but
at the present time the town con-
was incorThe first
permanent settler was Captain
Timothy Roberts, who moved here
with his family, December 28, 1728.
tains only 22,000.
porated
May
10,
It
1722.
Ham, Benjamin Frost,
Benjamin Tebbetts, Joseph Richards and others came soon after.
Eleazer
Rochester was one of the frontier
towns
till
Canada came
into
the possession of the English, in
1760.
The
inhabitants
suffered
much through Indian and Canadian cruelties for many years, often being obliged, for the pi*otection of their lives, to live in garri-
son houses, and with this precaution, they also kept a vigilant watch
night and day. The frequent attacks of the Indians and their
allies, caused the men to be bold
and adventurous, and their sons,
early trained to the use of arms,
soon caught the brave spirit ot
�319
ROLLINSFORD.
their fathers,
and they quickly he-
Forty miles
Distances.
east
enemies,
came
and the settlers did not suffer near
as much as many towns, that were
far less exposed.
In June, 1746, Joseph Heard,
John Wentworth, Joseph Rich-
from Concord, and ten north from
and Gershom Downs, were
and John Richards wounded and captured. A boy by the
name of Jonathan Door was also taken captive and carried to Canada.
One Sunday morning in May, 1748,
the wife of Jonathan Hodgdon was
ken from Somersworth, and incor-
killed by the Indians for not willing-
any town in the county. The farmers find a good market for their
a terror
to
their
ards,
killed,
ly consenting to accompany
them to
Canada.
Her husband married
again, and was the father of twen-
He died
ty-one children in all.
in 1815, aged ninety years.
In the Revolutionary struggle,
of the inhabitants took an
active part. The deeds of Cap-
many
tain
John
Brewer and David
John McDuffee and
Dover.
ROLXINSFOKD.
Strafford County.
ford
is
Rollins-
a very small township, ta-
porated July
3,
1849.
The
soil is
of the best quality, and produces
excellent crops of various kinds of
grain, grass, etc. With one exception, the orchard productions,
are more valuable than those of
surplus products at
Salmon Falls,
At Sal-
Dover, or Great Falls.
mon Falls, in this town,
manufacturing village.
is
a large
In this
churches, two
banks, ten or fifteen stores, of vaFalls
rious kinds, the Salmon
Manufacturing Works, and two or
village are three
Place, Colonel
three hundred dwellings.
memory of
the people of Rochester for many
Twenty-one men
years to come.
The Salmon Falls RivRivers.
er washes the eastern border of
the town, and affords excellent
others will live in the
from
this
town were
killed or died
in that great contest for
liberty.
Many men who have
held distinguished positions, both in the State
and nation, were natives or residents of this town.
Ministers.
First
Rev. Amos
Main, Congregational, settled in
Rev. Samuel
1737, died in 1760.
Hill, ordained in 1760, died in 1764.
Rev. Avery Hall, settled in 1766,
and dismissed in 1775. Rev. Joseph Haven, settled in 1775, and
dismissed in 1825.
Boundaries North-east by Berwick, Maine, south-east by Somersworth and Dover, south-west
by Barrington, and north-west by
Farrnington.
Area of improved
land, 11,368 acres.
water privileges.
Manufacturing
Employments.
and mercantile trade are the principal employments of the people,
although in proportion to its territory, there is not a better farming
district, in the State.
The Salmon
Manufacturing Company,
have a capital of $ 600,000. They
employ about 150 males, and 430
Falls
females,
who
annually receive for
They
$ 160,000.
manufacture about 6,000,000 yards
of cotton cloth, valued at $ 768,337.
There are several other small
their labor, over
manufactories.
Productions of the
Resources.
soil, $60,500;
mechanical labor,
$186,359; stocks etc., $25,000;
money at interest, $ 16,507 pro;
�NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER.
320
fessional business,
•?
$
197,520;
Congre-
gational, Rev. Sclah Merrill, pas-
Catholic,
J.
Sullivan,
T.
There
Episcopal,
are six school districts,' and eight
priest
.
;
schools, in
for
town
;
average length,
the year, thirty-one
amount
of
ite
weeks;
money annually appro-
One
of the largest gran-
quarries in the State
At
town.
stock in trade, $ 61,875.
Churches and Schools.
tor;
Quarry.
50,000; depos-
savings banks,
in
its
present,
in this
is
being ex-
it is
tensively worked, and, no doubt,
will be a valuable
resource of
wealth. Estimated value of stone
quarried, the present year, (1873,)
$
150,000.
Employments. Aside from the
quarry business, farming is the
employment
principal
priated for school purposes, $ 3,
354.50; average amount appropri-
ated for each scholar, $11.11.
ucts,
of
the
people.
Banks.
Salmon Falls State
Bank, and Salmon Falls Savings
Bank. (See tables.)
Salmon
Library.
Falls Library,
volumes.
Hotel.
Franklin House.
Boundaries.
North by Somersworth, east by South Berwick,
Maine, and south and west by Dover. Acres of improved land, 2,813.
Distances.
Forty miles southeast from Concord, and two miles
east from Dover.
Railroads.
Boston and Maine,
and Portsmouth, Great Falls and
Conway Railroads pass through
1,000
Rollinsford.
ROXBVRY.
Cheshire County. The surtown is uneven,
face of this small
rising in considerable swells,
and
affording excellent grazing land.
The
soil is fertile,
and,
when prop-
erly tilled, produces fine crops.
Agricultural
Resources.
prod-
mechanical labor,
$ 38,000 money at interest, $ 4,360
deposits in savings banks, $ 19,088.
Churches and Schools. Congregational, Rev. G. L. Ninas, pastor.
There are three schools average
$ 27,427;
;
;
length,
the
for
year,
nineteen
weeks.
Roxbury
First Organization.
was formed of a part of Nelson,
Marlborough and Keene, and incorporated, Dec. 9, 1812. Joseph
Ames, Esq., a celebrated artist,
and portrait painter to the Pope of
Rome, was a native of this town.
Rev. ChristoCongregational; installed in 1816; dismissed in 1819.
North by Sullivan
Boundaries.
and Harrisville, east by Harrisville, south by Marlborough, and
west by Keene. Area, 6,000 acres.
Fifty miles southDistances.
west from Concord, and five east
First
pher
Minister.
Page,
from Keene.
Railroads.
It is
five
miles to
Streams and Ponds. The north
branch of Ashuelot River, forms
Keene
town
and Keene. Roaring Brook, on
which are several valuable meadows, waters the south part, and
furnishes a few water privileges.
Roaring Brook Pond is on the east
Keene Railroad, when built, will
pass through this town.
the boundary between this
side of the town.
on the Cheshire
The Manchester and
Station,
Railroad.
RCTUIIVEY.
Grafton County.
The
surface
of this town is uneven, but the soil
There is
fertile.
is generally
�RUMNEY.
much good
fai-mingland, and
some
very line farms. There is also a
large quantity of good timber,
which finds a ready market in
Boston, through the Boston, Concord and Montreal Railroad.
Streams and Ponds. Baker's
River and Stinson's Brook, the latter of which flows from Stinson's
Pond are the principal streams.
Stinson's
Pond
four hundred
is
rods long, and two hundred and
eighty wide. Part of Loon Pond
is on the east line of the town.
Mountains. The principal elevations are Stinson's Mountain,
Webber and Rattlesnake MounStinson's Mountain receivtain.
ed its name from Daniel Stinson,
who, while on a hunting excursion
with General Stark and two others,
in April,
was attacked
1752,
by a party of ten Indians, commanded
by Francis Titigaw.
Stark was taken prisoner, and
This sad event
Stinson slain.
will long perpetuate the
name
of
mountain,
pond and brook, which bear his
name.
There is a very pleasVillage.
ant village in this town, and the
Stinson, through
of
seat
the
considerable
business.
There are two churches, several
stores, a hotel, express and telegraph office, manufactories, of
various kinds, and about seventydwelling houses.
Employments. The larger portion of the people, are engaged in
five
There is considerable manufacturing of which lumagriculture.
ber
is
the principal;
700,000 shin-
and 2^975,000 feet of dimension
timber are annually sawed. Some
gles
years, 60,000 lbs.
of
camphor
is
valued at over $21,000;
10,000 truss pads are also made.
refined,
321
Gloves to the value of
meal
rakes, 500 dozens,
are
els
annually
$
14,700
8,900 bush-
produced, be-
sides, there are various other shops,
(See tables.)
Agricultural prod-
etc.
Resources.
ucts,
$ 115,234; mechanical labor,
$39,400;
money
at interest,
etc.,
$15,834; deposits in savings banks,
from summer
$25,983;
tourists,
$10,000; stock in' trade, $33,892;
professional business, $ 25,000.
Baptist,
Churches and Schools.
Rev. J. B. Breed, pastor; members, 126; church value, $5,000.
Baker's River, Baptist, Rev. G. A.
pastor;
Glines,
members, 81;
church value, $,3,000. Methodist,
Elder N. P. Philbrook, pastor;
church value, $2,000; number of
members, 120.
There are ten
schools in this town; average
length, for the year, twelve weeks.
Hotel.
3,000,
$
Stinson House arrivals,
annually;
hotel
value,
;
10,000.
First
and
This town
Daniel Brainard
Settlement.
was granted
to
March
others,
18, 1767.
The
were Captain Jonathan Cummings, Moses Smart,
Daniel Brainard, James Heath
and others, in 1765.
First Churches and Ministers. A
Congregational Church was estabfirst settlers
lished,
Thomas
October
in 1788;
tled in
21,
1767;
Niles, pastor;
Rev.
dismissed
Rev. Ezra Wilmarth setdismissed in 1811.
1779,
A Baptist
Church was formed
in
1780.
Boundaries.
North by Ellsworth, east by Campton, south by
Plymouth, Hebron and Groton,
and west by Wentworth. Area,
22,574 acres.
Distances.
north-west
Fifty-nine
from
Concord,
miles
and
�NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER.
322
eight north-west from Plymouth.
The Boston, Concord
Railroad.
both pleasant and large towns.
was estimated
It
that fifteen hundred
and Montreal Railroad passes
through the southern part of this
tourists stayed in Rye, through the
town.
five large
warm weather
viz.,
RITE.
in 1873. There are
and commodious hotels
the Farragut, Atlantic,
Sea-
View, Washington and Ocean*.
Rockixgham County. Nearly
one third of the sea-coast of the
State, is in this town, extending
The number of
for six miles along the Atlantic.
to
On
Churches and Schools. There are
four churches in town viz., Congregational, Christian, Methodist,
There are four
and Advent.
schools average length, for the
year, twenty-six weeks.
the shore, are three pleasant
beaches, viz. Sandy, Jenness, and
Wallis. Near Goss' Mills, there
is a small harbor, into which ves-
burden may enter
sels of 80 tons
at high water.
but
is
in a
The
soil is hard,
high state of cidtivation,
and yields good crops.
Employments.
But very little
manufacturing is done. Nearly all
the people are engaged in farming,
and, in the
summer
warm
season, keeping
Nearly every
farm house is a boarding house,
and their own tables furnish a
good market for their farm prodboarders.
ucts, at first-class prices.
Resources. Annual productions
of the soil, $76,296; mechanical
labor,
$ 10,500;
fisheries,
not
known deposits in savings banks,
.$ 130,660
stocks, bonds, and money at interest, $ 32,910; from sum;
;
mer
at boarding houses,
guests at hotels, $ 75,000,
tourists,
8 60,000
;
Summer
Tourists.
coming widely noted
Rye
as a
is
be-
summer
resort for invalids, lovers of seaside views, and those who are de-
lighted by the music of the ocean
The beaches are large and
for bathing. The roads are
hotels last
People
who
come
arrivals at all the
were 10,000.
Rye once are apt
season
visit
again.
;
First Settlements.
Rye was
or-
a part of Portsmouth,
Greenland, Hampton and NewCastle. Settlements commenced
within the present limits of the
town, as early as 1635, but it was not
incorporated till 1719. The inhabitants suffered much in early times
from frequent attacks by the Indians.
In 1694, John Locke was
killed while reaping grain in his
Twenty-one persons were
field.
killed or captured, at one time, at
Sandy Beach in 1696. In this invasion, in 1696, the Indians had
been down to the sea-shore for the
purpose of fishing, and, returning,
they encamped upon the top of a
hill.
While preparing their breakfast, they were surprised by a party of rangers, and captured.
This
hill has ever since, been called
iginally
"Breakfast
First
Hill.
1 '
Ministers.
Rev. Nathan-
wave.
iel
safe
in 1733.
Rev. Samuel Parsons,
ordained in 1736; died in 1739.
good, and the drives delightful.
in
No finer country can be found
New England than in the vi-
cinity of Rye.
Portsmouth,
*
Morrill, ordained in 1726; left
The Ocean House was burnt
in the season
was one of the largest, and most
expensive hotels on the New-England coast,
of 1873.
miles to
and nine to Exeter,
It is six
It
costing nearly $ 100,000.
�323
SALEM.
At North Salem there
Rev. Huntington Porter, D. D.,
fice, etc.
settled in 1784.
a church,
North and northBoundaries.
west by Portsmouth, north-east by
Little Harbor, east by the Atlantic
Ocean, south by Xorth-Hampton,
and west by Greenland.
Distances. Six miles south from
Portsmouth, and fifty south-east
from Concord.
Railroads.
The Eastern Rail-
woolen
At the June Session,
road.
1872,
school
house,
is
three
mills, a lumber mill, two
and a post office. At Depot Village are two churches, a
school house, shoe factory, lumber
stores,
wheel-wright shop,
mill,
five
six stores, of various kinds,
or
and a
post office.
The inhabitants
Employments.
are about equally divided between
forming on one side, and manufacand mercantile trade on
the other. Woolen goods, such
a charter was granted for a railroad to run through Rye, to be
called the Eastern Branch Rail-
tories
road.
and woolen yarn are manufactured, to the value of $ 260,000 annu-
SALEM.
town
is
The
uneven,
af-
fording a fair proportion of interThe soil is good,
val and upland.
and well
cultivated, producing ex-
cellent crops of corn,
grain and
proximity to the large
city of Lawrence, Mass., affords a
fine market for the farmers to sell
grass.
their
Its
productions.
surplus
four other towns in
sell as
much garden
But
the county
Pavers.
;
ferent sections of the town, viz. Salem, North Salem and Depot Village. At Salem village are two
churches, a school house, shoe
factor^*,
woolen
mill,
lumber
mill,
small mechanical shops,
three stores, one hotel, a post ofseveral
and
shoes, valued at
made
$
179,000 are
800,000 feet of lumber, val-
;
are sawed, and
small mechanical
shops. The total value of goods,
annually manufactured, is $460,
ued
at
$
there are
11,500,
many
(See tables.)
000.
Resources.
Annual agricultural
mechan-
productions, $100,137;
ical labor, $85,400;
terest,
ings
produce.
There are
several ponds, the largest of which
is Policy Pond, partly in this town
and partly in Windham World's
End and Captain Ponds are the
Spiggott River passes
principal.
through this town in a southerly
direction, and receives in its course
many branches, which afford good
water power.
There are three villages, in difPonds and
163,000 pairs of sale boots
ally;
Rockingham County.
surface of this
as flannels, frocking, water-proof,
$
12,400
banks,*
money
at in-
;
deposits in sav-
$
13,174;
stock in
trade, $31,635; professional business,
$ 35,000.
Churches and, Softools. Salem:
Methodist, Rev. H. Dow, pastor;
Congregational, Rev. A. M. Gates,
pastor. North Salem Methodist,
Rev. S. J. Robinson pastor. DeRev. J. H.
Methodist,
pot:
Baptist,
Rev.
Haines, pastor;
There are
Mr. Eaton, pastor.
eleven schools in town, two of
which are graded average length
of schools, for the year, twenty-six
:
;
weeks;
total
amoimt of money
annually appropriated for school
*
A
large portion of the surplus earnings
of the people, finds
its
way
banks in Massachusetts.
into the savings,
�NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER.
324
purposes,
value
$1,967.14;
of
Salem House and Chee-
Hotels.
ney House.
First Settlements.
Salem was orig-
a part of Methuen, Mass.,
inally,
but came into New-Hampshire in
the State division in 1741.
It
was
incorporated May 11, 1750. The
town contained, as early as 1775,
Hon. Silas
man, died
inhabitants.
1,084
Belton, a distinguished
here in 1822.
Rev
Ministers.
First
Abner
Bagley, ordained in 1740; died in
1798. Rev. John Smith, D. D., ordained in 1797; dismissed in 1816.
North by Londonby Atkinson,
east and south by Methuen, Mass.,
south-west by Pelham, and west
by Windham.
Boundaries.
derry,
north-east
Distances.
Forty miles south
from Concord, and twenty southwest from Exeter.
Railroad. The Manchester and
Lawrence Railroad passes through
the town, in a northerly and southerly direction.
SALISBURY,
Merrimack County.
Salisbury
one of the best farming towns
in the county, and is especially
noted for its excellent apple orchards. But two towns in the
is
State equal this town in
production. The surface
ally,
uneven.
The
deep, and loamy.
River
land.
ford
its
is
apple
gener-
soil is strong,
On Blackwater
some very fertile interval
The more hilly portions af-
is
most excellent
pasturage,
however, some very
fine tillage land, producing good
crops of wheat, corn, potatoes etc.
16,000 lbs. of wool is produced annually. But very few towns in the
but there
is,
State hold out better inducements
husbandmen, than Salisbury.
There are two very pleasant villages located on rising ground
about one mile apart, and situated
on what was originally called
the Fourth New-Hampshire Turnto
school houses, $ 8,850,
pike.
River. It is watered by Blackwater River, which flows nearly
through the centre of the town.
Mountain.
Kearsarge ranges
within the bounds of Salisbm-y,
the north-west corner of which extends nearly to its summit.
Employments.
inhabitants.
little
The
to
Agriculture
is
employment of the
There is but very
the principal
manufacturing in the town.
had a tendency
railroads have
injure
which
mercantile trade,
ago was very
the
thirty years
extensive.
Productions of the
mechanical labor,
$ 10,400 stocks and bonds, $ 12,
500; money at intei-est, $17,500;
deposits in savings banks, $62,445;
stock in trade, $ 8,250.
Churches and Schools. Congregational, Rev. J. B. Cook, pastor;
Baptist,
Christian, Rev. A.
There are
H. Martin, pastor.
eleven schools; average length,
for the year, fifteen weeks.
Hotel. Elm House.
Resources.
soil,
$
129,914;
;
;
Salisbury
First Settlers.
was
granted by the Masonian proprietors under the name of Stevenstown, October 25. 1749, and included within its grant part of
It was
the town of Franklin.
settled in 1750, by Philip Call, Nathanial Meloon, Benjamin Pettingill,
John and Ebenezer "Webster,
Andrew Bohonon, Edward
man and
Kingston.
It
East-
from
was incorporated,
others,
mostly
�325
SANBORNTON.
by
present name,
its
March
1,
Ebenezer
Hon.
Men.
Noted
Webster was one of the
first set-
He was
a patriot of the
revolution, an officer of the militia, and held responsible offices
in the State, such as Senator in
the Legislature, and Judge of the
Court of Common Pleas. He died
He was the father of the
in 1806.
Hon. Ezekiel and Daniel Webster,
names well known throughout the
tlers.
Hon Ichabod Bartlett,
Hon. Thomas H. Pettingill, and
Hon. Charles Haddock were nacountry.
tives of this town.
Indians.
suffered
The
first
inhabitants
much from the inroads of
On the 16th of May,
the Indians.
1753,
Nathaniel Maloon, living in
the west part of the town, was captured, together with his wife, and
three children viz. Sarah, Rachel
They were taken
and Daniel.
Canada, where, himself and
wife were sold to the French in
Montreal. The children were retained with the Indians, one of
whom returned, after an absence
to
of nine years.
After the parents
had resided
year and a
Montreal about
in
a-
they had a son
baptized by a
French friar, by the name of Joseph Marq. Mr. Maloon returned
from captivity after four years and
born,
half,
who was
a half, to his farm in Salisbury.
Sarah died with the Indians. No
record
son.
Rev.
Thomas Worcester, ordained
dismissed in 1823.
Boundaries. North by Wilmot,
Andover and Franklin, east by
Franklin, south by Webster, Bosin 1791
1768.
is given of the mother and
In August, 1753, the wife of
was killed, and on the
Samuel Scribner, and
Robert Barker were captured, and
;
cawen and Warner, and west by
Area, 26,000 acres.
Sixteen miles northwest from Concord.
Five miles from
Railroads.
North Boscawen depot on NorthThe Blackwater
ern Railroad.
Railroad, when built, will pass directly through this town.
Sutton.
Distances.
S
VNIIOBSMON.
Belknap County. In 1828, the
southern corner of Sanbornton, lying between the Pemigewasset and
Winnipiseogee rivers, was taken
to help form the town of Franklin,
and thereby taking valuable water
power on both rivers. But it still
retained enough territory and water
power, to make it the best farming
town, in the State, and to have a
flourishing manufacturing village.
In July, 1869, the south-eastern
portion of the town, bordering on
the Winnipiseogee River, was dis-
annexed, and incoi'porated into a
town, under the name of Tilton.
This last depletory movement,
severed from its territory, 8,600
acres of improved land, nearly all
of its water power, and a thriving
manufacturing village. If the territory of the
town was the same
as
forty-six years ago, the value of its
agricultural
productions,
now be over $ 340,000
would
annually, by
any town in the
manufactured goods
would be valued at nearly $2,000,
000, and it would have a population
Philip Call
far the largest of
same
State:
day,
taken to Canada.
First
Ministers.
Rev. Jonathan Searle, (Congregational,) ordained in 1773; dismissed in 1791.
and
its
of nearly 4,000.
But notwithstanding this large
draft
on
its territory, it is still
one
�NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER.
326
of the most important farming
towns in the State, ranking as the
fifth in the value of its agricultural productions.
is
generally
The
uneven,
mountainous, nearly
surface
but
all the
not
high-
est hills are suitable for cultiva-
Much
tion.
attention has
been
given to the growing of the apple,
and the value of its productions exceeds that of any other town in the
State.
Salmon
Streams and Ponds.
Brook rises in Salmon Pond, in the
north part of the town, and flows
nearly through the centre, in a
southerly direction, into Franklin,
and discharges its waters into the
Pemigewasset. In its passage, it
furnishes
some water power
for
small mills, and is the only stream
of note. Lake Winnisquam washes
its
eastern border.
Sanbornton Square was the first
settled part of the town, and at one
was the
seat of considerable
but Tilton, and Laconia,
have taken nearly all of its former
prestige, as to trade and other business. There are two church edi-
time,
trade,
fices,
office,
a school house, store, postand several dwelling houses.
Employments Nearly all of the
inhabitants are engaged in agriculture.
There are a few saw mills,
and some mechanThere are annualshops.
$ 2,257 from summer tour$ 1,000.
Churches and Schools. 1st Baptist, Rev. A. Rankin, pastor; 2d
Baptist, Rev. V. B. Bunker, pastor; Congregational, Rev. M. T.
Runnels, pastor; F. Baptist,
trade,
;
ists,
.
There are fourteen schools in
town; average length, for the year,
eighteen weeks.
Sanbornton
First Settlements.
was granted by the Masonian proprietors, in 1748, to several persons
by the name of Sanborn, and was
by John Sanborn,
Andrew Rowen, David Duston
and others. It was incorporated,
settled in 1765,
March
1,
First
1770.
Minister.
Woodman,
dained in 1771
first
Baptist
lyproduced, 1,500 bushels of wheat,
11,500 of corn, and 25,000 bushels
potatoes; apples to the value of
$14,000; besides 51,000 lbs butter,
14,000 lbs. cheese and 5,200 tons
of hay.
Productions of the
Resources.
soil, $215,204; mechanical labor,
$5,000; stocks and money at interest, $18,575; deposits in savings banks, $93,466; stock in
Joseph
died in 1807.
;
The
Church was foraged
in 1793.
North by Neweast by
Lake Winnisquam, south by Tilton and Franklin, and west by
Acres,
Hill and New-Hampton.
of improved laud 20,935.
Twenty-one miles
Distances.
north from Concord, and six west
from Gilford.
Railroad. Three miles to Tilton, on the Boston, Concord and
Montreal Railroad.
Boundaries.
Hampton and Meredith,
grist-mills,
ical
Rev.
(Congregational,) or-
SANDOW1V.
Rockingham
surface of this
the soil
is
County.
The
town is uneven, but
well
adapted to the
growing of grain or grass.
Ponds and Rivers. There are
several ponds, the largest of which
is Philip's Pond, lying in the south
part of the town, about 340 rods
Angle Pond
long, and 200 wide.
in the south-east part, is about 200
rods long, and 100 wide.
Squam-
�SANDWICH.
River flows from Philip's
Pond, and unites with another
stream of about the same size,
about one half mile from the pond.
are the principal
These two
streams in town.
Employments.
In the summer
months, the larger portion of the
people are engaged in agriculture,
but many in the winter are engaged in shoe making and lumbering.
bottomed,
is
brought, principally,
from Haverhill, and Lynn, Mass.
There are annually sawed, 1,000,000
feet of
lumber, valued at $13,000.
Productions of the
Resources.
annually, $ 30,694 from mechanical labor, $22,200; deposits
in savings banks, $8,345; money at
stock in trade,
interest, $ 10,625
soil,
;
;
$
11,437.
There
Churches and Schools.
are two churches, viz. Methodist,
Methodist.
and Congregational.
W. H. H.
The
Collins, pastor.
students furnish the Congregational.
There are four schools aver;
age length, for the year, eighteen
weeks.
First Settlers. This town was
originally a part of Kingston.
Moses Tucker, Israel and James
Huse, and others, settled here in
1736.
It was incorporated April
6,
Rev. Joseph
Cotton, ordained in 1759; died in
1780.
Rev. Samuel Collins settled
in 1781
;
Webber,
left in 1788.
Rev. John
settled in 1795:
removed
in 1800.
Boundaries.
North by Chester
and Fremont, east by Danville,
south by Hampstead, and west by
Area, 8,522
Chester and Derry.
acres.
miles
south-east from Concord, twenty-
from Portsmouth,
and thirteen from Exeter.
Railroads. Eight miles to Plaistow, on the Boston and Maine
Railroad. The Nashua and Roch-
six south-west
ester Railroad,
now
being
built,
will pass through this town.
SANDWICH.
Carroll County.
The
surface
uneven, but the soil is deep,
strong, and produces excellent
crops of wheat, corn, oats and hay.
Sandwich is situated in a basin,
being nearly surrounded by mountains, and affording some of the
finest and most picturesque scenery in the whole mountain region
is
of New-Hampshire.
In the summer months, nearly
every farm-house is filled with city
visitors, who spend their summer
quiet town,
in this
vacation,
among the hills, and beside the
mountain streams. It is estimated that nearly one thousand persons, from all sections of the country,
spend their
summer
vacation
Sandwich is the best farming town in the county. Its mountain pastures are excellent, and
seldom affected by drouth. The
town is noted for its fine horses
and cattle, and the farmer finds a
here.
ready sale for
1756.
First Ministers.
Thirty-one
Distances.
scot
About 120,000 pairs of shoes are
made. The stock, ready fitted to be
327
all his
surplus prod-
home.
There are
Rivers and Ponds.
numerous streams, many of which
are well stored with trout.. Bear
Camp, Swift, and Red Hill Rivers,
ucts at
The waters
are the principal.
of the Bear Camp and Swift,
their way to the ocean,
find
through the Saco, the Red Hill,
—
About
through the Merrimack.
one fourth of Squam Lake, lies in
�NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER.
328
Employments.
the south-west corner of the town,
and
this
and Bear Camp and Red
The people are
generally, engaged in farming,
summer
and
boarders, from
Hill Ponds, are the principal bod-
keeping
water.
Sandwich MounMountains.
tains are a lofty range, extending
in a north-easterly course, and
terminating at Cochorua Peak in
Part of Ossipee MounAlbany.
which they receive good returns for
their labor. About 30,000 pairs of
shoes are annually made, and 300,
000, shingles, and 500.000 feet of
tain lies in the south-easterly part
of excelsior and salt boxes, has
commenced
operations.
(See
ies of
of the town.
Squam Mountain ex-
&c, annually produced.
boards
A
large mill for the manufacture
tends from Holderness, through a
corner of Campton into Sandwich.
There are many elevations which
tables.)
would be
$
called mountains, with
geographical names, in many localities of the State, but here, un-
der the towering Whiteface, they
are considered only hills. In October, 1820, after a long drouth, a
heavy rain set in, and continued
for a number of days, causing a
from Whiteface Mouncutting a deep ravine in its
heavy
tain,
slide
sides, for several miles in extent,
and sweeping rocks and trees in
promiscuous confusion into the
meadows, at its base. The traces
of this slide, on the side of the
mountain, can be distinctly seen,
for nearly forty miles from the
base of the mountain. As in those
days when Cochorua and his tribe,
roamed through this trackless
waste, the sides of these mountains, and the ravines among them,
are shaded with deep, dark forests,
and are still the haunts of the bear,
panther, and
deer.
But the
whiz of the red man's arrow, which
often pierced the heart of the inocent fawn has long since ceased.
Village. There is a very pleasant village, in this town, at a point
called Hoyt's Corner.
Here are
several stores, one hotel, offices of
various kinds, three churches, an
academy and about
60 dwellings.
Productions of the
mechanical labor,
stocks, bonds, and money
Resources.
soil,
$181,475;
12,500
;
at intei-est, $13,688;
deposits
in
savings banks, $ 10,964
stock in
trade $ 12,450; from summer tourists, $ 30,000.
Some persons, who
reside here, are considered very
wealthy, but the town does not
;
have the honor of showing
paper.
it
on
Churches and Schools. There are
one Congregational, two Quakei,
two Freewill Baptist, and two
Methodist churches. Elder G. N.
Bryant, Methodist;
Rev. C. L.
Tappan, Congregational and Rev.
L. B. Tasker. and H. R. Beede,
are pastors.
There are twentythree school districts, and twentyone schools: average length, for
the year, eighteen weeks. Amount
of money annually appropriated
;
for school purposes, $2,420.53.
Literary Institution. Beede's Literary Institute.
(See Literary In-
stitutions.)
Banks.
There are two banks in
town. Carroll County National
Bank, and the Sandwich Savings
Bank. (See tables.)
Hotel. Eagle Hotel.
This town
First Settlements.
was originally granted by Gover-
nor Benning Wentworth, in 1763,
and comprised six miles square.
�329
SEABROOK.
On September 5, 1764, the grantees,
having represented that the north
and west sides of their grant were
rocky and mountainous, received
an additional grant of territoiw, on
the east and
" Sandwich
incorporated,
south side, called
Addition. 11
It was
October
1768.
25,
Hon. Daniel Beechef, a useful
zen, resided here
many
cit-
years.
Early Minister.
Rev. Daniel
Smith, settled in 1827; dismissed
in 1832.
North by WateirBoundaries.
east by Albany and Tamworth, south by Moultonborough,
and west by Holderness, Campton
and Thornton. Area, 64,000 acres
ville,
improved land, 23, 900
miles
Fifty-two
Distances.
north from Concord, and twentytwo north-west from Ossipee.
Railroads. It is sixteen miles
to Meredith railway station, on
the Montreal Railroad. A stage
runs to this station six times a
In the summer, this stage
week.
connects with the boats, at Centre
The Portland, Rutland
Harbor.
built,
will pass through Sandwich.
SEABROOK.
every
town, and in its passage affords a
few water privileges of moderate
power.
Several small streams
rise in this and adjacent towns,
and form the Seabrook River, in
the marshes. In its course, it
unites with the Hampton River,
and thence, in a few miles, joins
the ocean.
The beach is a favorthe
ite resort in
partly
Grape
warm
season.
Titcomb's
Elevations.
Hill,
town and
South-Hampton, and
lies partly in this
in
Hill, in the
south-west part
of the town, and partly in Massachusetts, are the principal elevations.
From
the
summit of these
an extensive and delightful
view of the surrounding country
can be obtained.
Employments. Agriculture is a
valuable occupation of the people,
but the manufacturing of women's
and children's boots and shoes, is
the most extensive branch of busihills
ness.
Rockingham County.
to
acre under improvement, while
the average in the whole State is
only $ 9.32.
Streams. Cam's Brook has its
rise in Salisbury, Mass., and flows
through the south-east part of the
which
acres.
and Otsego Railroad, when
The land averages $ 20.90
The
stock
is
cut out and
Seabrook is one of the ocean towns,
of the State, and has extensive
plains of salt marsh. The middle
and eastern portions of the town
are comparatively level, being in
many sections gentle swells, The
soil is light, easy of cultivation,
and productive. The farmers find
a good market for their farm produce in Newburyport, Mass., five
prepared for bottoming, and put
miles distant. But few towns in
the State, in proportion to the
number of acres under improvement, produce as valuable crops.
ous sections of the town, which are
There are
filled with workmen.
over 1,000,000 pairs of boots and
shoes annually made, giving em-
into cases of 60 pairs each, in
Lynn
and Haverhill, Mass., and sent
the
workmen
in Seabrook,
to
to
be
There are
shoe manufactories
having machines, and employing
finished into shoes.
three
65
large
men and
These
boys,
three
and
15
factories
women.
annually
make over 300,000 pairs. There
are many shoe shops, in vari-
�NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER.
330
ployment to over 250 men and
women. Many thousand pairs of
shoe uppers are sent to Seabrook,
which gives employ-
to be fitted,
ment
number of females.
It is estimated that there
are over 200 sewing machines, in
town.
Quite a number of men
are engaged in making boats.
The lumber business is importo a
large
and 1,100,
of boords and dimension
70,000 shingles,
tant.
000 feet
timber are annually sawed.
Resources.
Productions of the
soil, $69,370; mechanical
labor
$
124,250
700;
money
;
at interest,
$
1,
deposits in savings banks,*
stock in trade $ 10,500;
$3,115;
from summer tourists, $ 5,000.
Churches and Schools.
Congregational, Rev. Win. Rand, pastor;
Baptist, Rev. H. H. Buman, pas-
W. C. BartCongregational of
tor; Methodist, Elder
lett,
pastor;
Seabrook and Hampton Falls.
There are five schools in town;
average length, for the year, twenty-five weeks.
Academy.
Dearborn Academy
is located in this town, and was
founded in 1854, being endowed with $ 15.000 by Edward
Dearborn, an
eminent
physician, and a distinguished
citizen of Seabrook.
in the
It is situated
pleasant village
commands a
brook, and
of Seafine
view
of the ocean, and the neighboring
Dr. Dearborn, also left
income of which is
to be used for the support of the
Gospel.
villages.
$4,000, the
Hotel.
*
Washington House.
The Savings Banks of Massachusetts get
the surplus earnings of the people of
mouey was
this
NewHampshire Savings Banks, the town would
town.
If the
deposited in
annually get from the State, over $ 1,000.
First Settlers.
Christopher Hus-
Dow, and Thomas
Philbrick, were among the first
settlers.
It was originally a part
of Hampton, afterwards Hampsey,
Joseph
ton
Falls,
were
first
The
and the settlements
commenced about
1638,
inhabitants suffered consider-
bly by Indian depredations, and
many prominent citizens were cruelly massacred.
On one of their
attacks, they killed the widow
Mussey, a prominent member of
the society of Friends. She was
noted on account of her talent as a
public speaker. They also killed
Thomas
Lancaster,
Jonathan
Green, a child of widow Benjamin
Brown,
and Nicholas
Bond.
These murders were committed
in the most horrible and cruel
manner.
It
is
Weare
believed that Meshech
first chief magistrate
the
of New-Hampshire, settled within
the limits of this town.
Nathaniel
Weare was an agent
of the colony
to prosecute the complaints against
the royal governor, Edward Cranfield,
land.
and spent some time in EngHis son, Nathaniel Weare,
and father of Meshech Weare was
a prominent public business man.
Both lived within the limits of
Seabrook. Edward Gove, a member of the assembly which Cranhimby his opposition to the Cranfield government.
He was arrested and convicted of high treason,
sent to England and confined in
the Tower of London. After remaining there three years, he was
pardoned and returned to his
home. Seabrook was granted to
Jonathan Weare and others in
field dissolved, distinguished
self
1768.
First
Ministers. Rev.
Samuel
�SHARON
—SHELBURNE.
Perley, ordained in 1765 removed
in 1775; Rev. Elias Hull, settled
;
in 1779; died in 1822.
North by Hampton
by the Atlantic, south
by Salisbury, Massachusetts, and
west by South Hampton and Kensington. Area of improved land,
Boundaries.
Falls, east
3,320 acres.
Fifteen miles south
Distances.
from Portsmouth, eight south-east
from Exeter and forty south-east
from Concord.
The Eastern
Railroads.
Rail-
road passes through the easterly
section of the
town
and southerly
direction.
in a northerly
SHARON.
Hillsborough Countt.
surface of Sharon
is
uneven and
is
suitably adapted to grazing
than to grain, though there are
some excellent farms under high
cultivation. In the south-easterly
part of the town, is a medical
spring, which is frequently visited
by invalids. This spring is strongly
impregnated with iron and sulphur, and is noted for its healing
qualities.
Farming is the
employment of the peo600,000 feet of lumber is an-
Employments.
principal
;
nually sawed.
Resources.
soil,
$
$
3,000
terest,
135
;
18,572
Productions of the
mechanical labor,
stocks and
;
$
money
at in-
3,300; stock in trade, $3,
deposits in savings banks, $10,
855; from
Schools.
in
;
town
;
summer
tourists, $2,000.
There are three schools
average length, for the
year, fifteen weeks.
Organization.
originally
Slip.
It
24, 1791.
North by PeterBoundaries.
borough, east by Temple, south by
New Ipswich and Rindge and west
by Jaffrey.
Forty-eight
miles
Distances.
south-west from Concord, and
eighteen west from Amherst.
Railroads. The nearest railroad
communication is at Barker's station, on the Monadnock Railroad.
SHELBURNE,
Coos County.
Shelburne
is
of grand mountain scenery,
not to be excelled by any town in
the State. The soil, on both sides
of the Androscoggin, is excellent,
producing abundant crops of grain
full
and grass.
The
more
ple
331
This town was
Peterborough
called
was incorporated, June
Androscoggin River
Rivers.
passes through the center of this
town into which fall the waters of
Rattle River and some smaller
streams.
Mountains. Moriah is the most
noted elevation, and has an altitude of nearly 4,800 feet. From
the top of this mountain, some of
the best mountain views in the
" Moses
State can be obtained.
Rock" is on the south side of the
river, near the center of the town.
It is about sixty feet high and
ninety feet long, very smooth and
rising at an angle of neai-ly 50°.
Minerals. Lead and zinc have
been found in considerable quanThe lead mine has been
tities.
worked with apparent success, but
at present nothing is done.
Shelburne presents
Scenery.
much wild and beautiful scenery,
and many tourists spend their
summer vacation here. Mount
Moriah, Lead Mine Bridge, and
Moses' Rock are interesting localities to visit.
Employment.
The inhabitants
�NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER.
332
are generally employed in farming.
There is not a town in the State
where farming pays any greater
of
proportion to the number of its inhabitants, than Shelburne. The annual value of farm
products will average over $ 160 to
each person in town, while the average in the whole State is about
$70.
Resources. Farm products, $41,
State, in manufactures.
profits, in
money
922;
at
interest,
mechanical labor, $
mer
1,800
$7,850;
;
$ 10,000.
Churches and Schools.
sum-
tourists,
Two
churches, viz. Congregational and
Methodist. There are five schools
average length, for the year, nine
weeks.
Hotel. Winthrop House.
First Settlers.
Benjamin and
David Ingalls commenced a settlein 1775,
In August
ment here
1781,
a party of Indians visited
the town, killed one man, captured another, and returned to
Canada with
improved land,
3,170
acres.
Distances.
One hundred and
thirty-three miles north
River and
Salmon
Village.
Falls River passes along
northeastern border, which separates it
from Maine, and is the only stream
of note in town.
its
The village of Great Falls is situated on this river, where centres
all the manufacturing and trade in
town.
The Great Falls Manufacturing
Company
power
controls all the water
which
at this point,
is
rated
power.
This Confpany has a capital of
$ 1,500,000 and employs 775 men,
at 3,200 horse
;
women, and
775
250 children,
who
annually receive for their labor,
$533,000,
and manufacture
19,728,
000 yards of sheetings etc., valued at
$2,446,000. The improvements of
machinery have largely increased
their productions, but not the help
The Somersworth Machine Com-
their prisoner.
Boundaries. North by Success,
east by Riley and Gilead, Maine,
south by White Mountain region,
and west by Gorham.
Area,
18,140 acres;
its manufactured productions
and trade, in the county, and ranks
as the fifth town, or city, in the
from Con-
cord and about thirty south-east
from Lancaster.
Railroad.
Grand Trunk Railroad passes through the town.
SOMEKSWORTH.
pany, iron founders and machinists, manufacture cooking,
office
and parlor stoves, hollow wai-e,
also, all kinds of castings for mills,
gas work, cast iron, steam, gas and
water pipes, retorts, hydrants, &o:
Capital invested, $100,000; employ 100 hands
annual pay roll,
;
$60,000 and producing goods, of various kinds, to the value of $ 200,
000.
Great Falls Woolen Company
manufacture fancy cassimeres, 6-4
goods. Capital, $ 100,000 employ
60 males 30 females pay roll, $ 36,
annual productions, $ 300,
000
;
Strafford County.
Somersworth is a small township, and the
people are almost exclusively devoted to manufacturing, mercantile trade and professional business. Next to Dover, it is the
most important town, in the value
;
;
000.
Wright
&
Company;
flour
and
meal; capital, $30,000; annually produce 1,000 barrels of flour
and 168,000 bushels meal, valued
�SOMERSWORTH.
at
$
181,000,*
ufactured,
There are also manand spools,
bobbins
$35,000; harnesses, $9,500; 300,
800 pairs of sale boots and shoes,
valued at $ 325,000. There are no
shoe manufactories in town, but
the stock, ready cut and put up in
cases, is brought from out of the
State to be made into boots and
shoes. Perhaps a few cases come
from the adjoining towns. There
are bakers, confectioners, custom
boot and shoe workmen, carpen-
marble
ters blacksmiths, painters,
workers, masons, photographers,
printers, tailors, and various other
trades
there are six church edi;
two large school houses, two
banks, between sixty and seventy
stores, of all kinds, two hotels, seven lawyers, nine physicians and
fices,
various other professions.
This
village is located in a remarkably
romantic part of the country.
Nearly opposite the office of the
Great Falls Manufacturing Company, and in the centre of the vilis a handsome public grove,
on ground, sloping towards the
lage,
mills.
This
grove
is
a
great
resort for the inhabitants, in the
warm
season of the year.
Nearly
of trees are to be found
here, such as the maple, oak, elm,
chestnut, pine, etc. Many of the
streets are beautifully shaded, and
all varieties
lined on either side with fine resi-
dences and adorned with spacious
yards.
The cemetery
about one mile
from the village, and has many
expensive monuments and headstones. It is a beautiful and attractive spot for mourners to spend
a silent hour near those they once
is
* The business of the manufactories was taken from the census of 1S70, not receiving any
returns from them of their present business.
333
held dear, but who now lie slumbering in the dust.
Employments. As can be seen,
Somersworth is a manufacturing
and mercantile town.
There are
some very fine farms under a high
state of cultivation, and the country around here is an excellent
farming
The
district.
manufacmales employed, 1,053; females and children,
1,089; annual pay roll, $715,000;
tories
capital invested in
$
is
1,884,000
;
value of productions, $3,594,000.
Resources.
Annual productions
of the soil, $39,980; mechanical
labor,
$ 715,000; stocks and money
$ 157,400 deposits in
at interest,
;
savings banks, $361,046; stock in
trade, $344,214; summer tourists,
professional
services,
$ 10,000
;
$
125,000.
Churches and Schools.
Congre-
gational Rev. S. W. Webb, pastor
Methodist, High street, Rev. J.
W. Adams,
pastor;
Main
Rev. F. Ryder, pastor;
no pastor;
pastor;
street,
Baptist,
Freewill Baptist, no
Roman
Catholic,
Rev.
Patrick Canovan, priest.
There are fourteen schools, eleven of which are graded
average
length of schools, for the year, thirty-four weeks;
value of schoolhouses and lots, $20,500; annu
;
al
amount
of
money
appropriated
$ 6,783.50. The
public schools have stood high in
for school purposes,
this town for many years.
The
law which provides for the union
of several
districts to
establish
graded schools, originated through
the citizens of this town in securing a law for this purpose, now
called the " Somersworth Act."
The High School is under the
James W. Dixon,
struction of
Principal.
in-
as
�OO J.
NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER.
Great Falls Manuand Village Library, 6,
000 volumes
Agricultural Library, 1,000 volumes;
A. Twing's
prominent men.
private library, 1,000 volumes.
Hon. John Wentworth, was born
in this town July 14, 1745, and
graduated at Harvard College,
Libraries.
facturers,
;
Banks.
Great Falls National
Bank, Somersworth Savings Bank,
and Somersworth National Bank.
(See tables.)
Newspaper.
nal.
Great Falls Jour-
(See tables.)
Great Falls Hotel, and
Hotels.
William WentJohn Hall and William
First Settlement.
worth,
commenced
settlement
within the limits of thi" town, between 1650 and 1675, but the exact
date is not known.
Since 1823, the village of Great
Falls has been nearly all built.
At that date the Great Falls Manufacturing
'
a
Company was
tered, with a capital of
prior to that time there
char-
$ 500,000
was only
a saw and grist-mill and two
Somersworth
dwelling houses.
was taken from Dover, and incorporated April 23, 1754.
Many
of the
first settlers
were
killed or taken captive by the In-
George and Matthew Ricker were ambushed and killed near
Varney's Hill, Oct, 7, 1675.
A
Quaker by the name of Ebenezer
Downs was taken captive and cardians.
ried to
insulted
fused to
tives
Canada in 1724. He was
and abused because he redance with the other cap-
amusement of the
The following year he
for the
savages.
1768.
He was a member of the
Continental Congress in the Revolution, and died January 10, 1787.
Hon. Thomas Wallingford was
born in Bradford, Mass., in 1697.
He came
Granite State House.
Styles
Nicholas Pike,
author of the popular system ol
arithmetic, was born here Oct. 6,
1745; John Wentworth, son of the
was redeemed.
to
energetic
town
in the
and, being
business, from
this
early part of his
in
life,
his
a small beginning, became
of the most wealthy
men
one
in the
province.
Ichabod Rollins was born here
He was Judge of Probate
for the county of Strafford, and
died January 31, 1800.
Ministers.
Rev. James
First
Pike, ordained in 1730; died in
1792.
Rev. Pearson Thurston,
dismissed in
ordained in 1792
in 1721.
;
1812.
North-east
by
Boundaries.
South Berwick, Maine, south by
Rollinsford, south-west by Dover,
and north-west by Rochester area
;
of improved land, 2,294 acres.
Distances.
Forty-five miles east
from Concord, four north-east
from Dover, and twelve north-east
from Portsmouth.
The
Railroads.
ties
railroad facili-
of Somersworth
The Boston
tends to this
are
good.
&
Maine branch exvillage, and the East-
ern, Great Falls
& Conway
passes
In the summer
of 1710, Jabez Garland was killed
and the next year Gershom Downs
fella victim to their savage cruelties between Varney's and Otis
Hill.
This town has been the
along the north-eastern border
with the station at the village.
It is expected that the Portsmouth and Dover Railroad will be
extended to this town, forming a
junction with the Great Falls and
birthplace and residence of
Conway
many
Railroad.
�SOUTH HAMPTON
—SOUTH
SOUTH HAMPTON.
Rockingham
surface of this
The
County.
town is uneven, but
not rough, the land rising in gentle
swells, and affords exellent pasturing and tillage. The inhabitants
are noted for their proficiency in
agriculture; and their enterprise,
industry, and success in this department, entitles them to more
credit than they claim. Amesbury
and Newburyport, Mass. furnish
the farmers with a good market
for all their surplus products.
River.
Powow River passes
through the western part of the
town. The former water power
on it, in this town, is nearly flowed
out by the Salisbury Mills Company, at
Amesbury.
Employments. The inhabitants
are generally engaged in farming.
About 350,000 feet of lumber, of
various dimensions, are annually
produced, and 2,000 pairs of sale
shoes manufactured.
Productions of the
Resources.
soil, $47,430; mechanical labor,
$ 3,200 stocks, and money at inter;
$3,275; deposits in savings
banks,* $46; stock in trade, $450.
Churches and Schools.
Baptist,
est,
Rev. J.
W.
There
Average length
Searle, pastor.
are three schools.
cf schools, for the year, thirty-one
weeks.
The Barnard Academy
was founded through a bequest of
the late Hon. Benjamin Barnai'd,
with a fund of $ 4,200.
Hotel. " Central House."
First
Settlers.
Hon.
Phillips
a member of the
old congress, a councilor in 1792
and 1793, and for many years judge
White,
*A
who was
large portion of the surplus funds of the
inhabitants, in the towns bordering on Massachusetts, finds
of that State.
its
way
into the Savings
Banks
NEWMARKET.
335
of probate, died June 24, 1811, aged
eighty-two. The town was formed
from parts of Hampton and Kingston and incorporated May 25, 1742.
First Ministers.
Rev. William
Parsons, Congregational, ordained
1743, dismissed in 1762; Rev.
Nathaniel Noyes, settled in 1763,
dismissed in 1800.
Boundaries.
North by East
Kingston and Kensington, east by
Seabrook, south by Amesbury,
Massachusetts, and west by Newton. Acres of improved land, 3,899.
Distances.
Fifty miles southeast from Concord, six south from
Exeter, and eighteen south-west
from Portsmouth.
Railroads.
Three miles to the
station at Amesbury, on the Eastern Railroad, and four to East
Kingston on Boston and Maine
Railroad. The Exeter and Amesbury Railroad, when completed,
will pass through the town.
in
SOUTH NEW-MARKET.
Rockingham County.
New-Market
is
South
a small township,
taken from New-Market, June 27,
1849.
The surface is uneven, but
the soil is strong, and, when properly
tilled,
produces excellent
crops. Many of the farms are under a high state of cultivation.
Rivers.
Swamscot and
Piscassic
Rivers are the principal streams.
The Swamscot is navigable for
vessels of considerable burthen at
high tide. The Piscassic affords
some water power.
Village.
On a slight elevation
from the Swamscot, and on the
Boston and Maine Railroad, is located the pleasant and busy village
of South New-Market.
But few
villages of its size, in the State,
produce more valuable manufac-
�NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER.
336
tured goods. The Swamscot Machine Company, is located in this
175 men.
village, and employs
There is also one other small
machine shop, which does a fine
business. There are four stores,
two hotels, two churches, one large
school house and about 100 dwellings.
The main
street is wide,
and the buildings are neat, and
some of them costly structures.
Employments. South New-Market can justly be called a manufacturing town. There are annually
produced 25 engines, 1,500,000 feet
of gas pipe, 90 tons of brass and
iron fittings, 48 steam boilers, 750
tons of iron castings, and 13 tons
of brass and copper castings, besides other miscellaneous machine
works, the whole being valued at
There are also
over $310,000.
sawed 200,000 feet of lumber, besides blacksmith and other mechanical work. The total value of
goods annually manufactured is
$ 319,000.
Agricultural
Resources.
ucts,
$
prod-
mechanical labor,
stocks, and money at
$38,140;
109,000
interest,
;
$
17,934; deposits in sav-
ings banks, $ 46,871
;
stock in trade,
$8,400.
MethoChurches and Schools.
Rev. H. A. Mattison, pastor;
Congregational, Rev. Joseph Bart-
dist,
lett,
pastor
;
Universalist,
;
Father Egan, priest.
Catholic,
There are four schools in town,
three of which are graded. Average length of schools, for the year,
thirty-one
weeks amount of mon;
ey annually appropriated for school
purposes, $ 1,285.31.
Hotels.
"
"Shute House," and
Elm House."
First Settlement
ter.
See Exeter.
and First Minis-
Boundaries.
North by NewMarket, east by Stratham, south
by Exeter, and west by Epping.
Area, about 6,000 acres; area of
improved land,
Distances.
3,330 acres.
Thirty-six
miles
south-east from Concord, twelve
west from Portsmouth, and four
north from Exeter.
Railroads.
Boston and Maine
Railroad passes through the town
in a northerly and southerly direction, and the Portsmouth and Concord in an easterly and westerly
direction.
SPRINGFIELD.
Sullivan County. The soil of
town is strong and produces
this
good crops of corn, oats and potatoes.
Rivers and Ponds. It is watered
by branches of Black water and
Sugar Rivers, affording some very
good water privileges. There are
several ponds, viz., Station Pond,
Cilley Pond, Star, Stony and Morgan Ponds. Station Pond is the
largest body of water, and is 250
rods long and about 140 wide.
The people are
Employments.
principally engaged in agriculture.
550,000 shingles and 350,000 feet of
&c,
are annually sawed.
(See tables.)
Resources.
Productions of the
boards,
$72,552; mechanical labor,
$1,200; stock in trade, "$2,700;
deposits in savings banks, $ 19,
soil,
667.
Churches and Schools. Christian
Church, Rev. Lorenzo Bailey, pastor.
There are thirteen school
and eleven schools. Aver-
districts
age length of schools, for the year,
sixteen weeks.
First
Israel
Settlers.
Clifford,
Israel Clifford,
jr.,
Nathaniel
�STARK
— STEWAIITSTOWN.
Clark, and Samuel Stevens settled
here in 1772.
Early Minister. Rev. Job Cnshsettled here in 1825, dismis-
man,
sed in 1828.
38 miles north-west
Distances.
from Concord, and 13 north-east
from Newport.
Boundaries. North by Grafton,
east by Wilmot, south-east by New
London, south by Sunapee and
Croydon, and west by Croydon
and Grantham. Area, 28,300 acres.
The nearest railroad
West Andover, on the
Northern (N. H.) Railroad. The
Railroads.
station
is
at
public conveyance to this depot
is
by stage.
STARK.
The
ucts,
860,038;
S 26,200
868;
$
;
mechanical labor,
at interest, § 15,
money
;
deposits
1,650
337
in
savings banks,
stock in trade, $ 20,700.
MethoChurches and Schools.
Elder Amos Merrill, pastor.
There are seven schools. Average
length of schools, for the year,
twelve weeks.
dist,
Caleb and
First Settlements.
Benjamin Smith settled here in
1788.
This town was originally
called "Piercey,'''' and incorporated
by that name January 9, 1795, but
was changed to its present name
to compliment the memory of
General John Stark, who died May
The town was incorpo8, 1822.
rated, Dec. 28, 1832.
the soil is rich and productive,
yielding good crops of grain and
Boundaries. North by Stratford
and Odell, east by Dummer and
Milan, south by Kilkenney, and
west by Northumberland. Area
grass.
20,000 acres.
Coos Couxty.
broken and
hilly.
surface
is
In the valleys
In the north-east part
of the town, the north and south
branches of the Ammonoosuc River form a junction. Nash's stream,
flowing from Stratford, falls into
this river in the north part of the
town. Piercey's Pond is in the
Rivers.
Distances.
caster.
Railroad.
Mill Mountain
Stark, also a part of Pilot
in
Moun-
Near Mill Mountain
Rail-
STEWARTSTOWX.
is
a
singular ledge called the " DeviVs
Sliding place." On the south side,
it breaks
abruptly into a precipice of nearly three hundred feet,
while on the north, cattle may be
driven to its top.
Employments.
Agriculture is
the principal business of the people.
There are several very extensive lumber mills in town, annually producing five or six millions feet of lumber of all kinds.
Resources.
Agricultural prod-
tain.
Grand Trunk
road passes through the north portion of the town.
east part.
Mountains.
One hundred and
miles north from Concord, and ten north-east from Lan-
forty-five
is
Coos County.
The
surface of
Stewartstown is uneven and broken with hills, but the soil is deep
and fertile, and produces giod
crops of barley, rye, potatoes and
hay.
Rivers
and Ponds.
It is
well
watered by Bishop's Brook. Deadwater and Mohawk Rivers furnish
Hall's
excellent water power.
Stream unites with the Connecticut
river, at this place,
which passes
western border.
Great
and Little Diamond Ponds, are the
along
its
largest bodies of water.
�NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER.
338
Employments. Agriculture
principal
ple,
is
the
employment of the peo-
although manufacturing
is
car-
ried on to a considerable extent.
150 tons potato starch are annually
made,
6,000 yards of full cloth,
yards of flannel and 2,000
yards of tweed, are annually manufactured, 100,000 clapboards, 250,
000 shingles, and 1,940,000 feet of
boards, &c, are sawed annually.
7,000 bushels of grain ground, besides other mechanical shops. The
total value of goods manufactured,
3,000
is
$
11,665 acres.
Distances.
By
stage
Besources.
Productions of the
$60,638; mechanical labor,
§13,300; money at interest, $21,
800; deposits in savings banks,
$ 109 stock in trade, $ 9,750.
Churches and Schools. Christian
soil,
;
Church, Rev. George Leach, pastor: Congregational Church, at
West Stewartstown, Rev. W. F.
Morrill, pastor. There are eleven
school districts and ten schools
Average length of
in town.
schools for the year, eighteen
weeks.
Hotel. Coos House.
First Settlements.
The
original
Stewartstown were
Sir George Cockburn, Sir George
Colman, John Stewart, and John
of
and
cars,
one hundred and seventy-six miles
north from Concord, and forty
north-east from Lancaster.
By stage twice a
Railroads.
week to North Stratford station,
nineteen miles, on the Grand
Trunk
Railroad.
STOOD AliD.
Cheshire County.
face of Stoddard
59,400.
grantees
west by Canaan, Vermont. Area,
23,040 acres, area improved land,
The
is hilly,
sur-
but the
soil is deep and fertile, and yields
good crops of corn, barley, potatoes
and hay.
This town is situated on the
height of land, between the Connecticut and Merrimack rivers.
The
location of
some houses is
on one
such, that the rain falling
side of the house, falls into
the
Connecticut, while that falling on
the other, runs into the Merri-
mack
river.
Bivers and Ponds. The south
branch of Ashuelot River is the
principal stream and has its source
near the center of the town.
Branch River is a considerable
stream, and the two rivers afford
some excellent water power. Is-
The first settlement was
commenced prior to the revolution,
but, after the war broke out, it was
abandoned.
During the war of
1812, a block house, or fort, was
land Pond, studded with small islands, covers about three hundred
acres, and is the largest body of
water in town. Long Pond, lying
partly in this
town and
erected for the defence of a com-
Washington,
is
and was occupied
was origanlly called
Stewart, but was incorpoi'ated under its present name, December
of water.
Nelson.
pany of
till
militia,
1814.
It
24, 1799.
Boundaries and Area.
North by
Pittsburg and Clarksville, east by
Dixville, south by Colebrook, and
Employments.
the principal
partly in
a beautiful sheet
Agriculture
is
employment of the
people, although manufacturing is
carried on quite extensively.
30,
000 shingles and 700,000 feet of
boards &c, are sawed annually.
Glass bottles to the value of % 40,
�STRAFFORD.
000 are manufacturer!.*
and
and
80,000 tubs
boxes of
clothes pins are annually made.
Also nearly 11,000 pounds of maple sugar are manufactured. Granite of a fine quality is wrought to a
pails,
17,000
considerable extent.
Productions of the
Resources.
mechanical labor,
soil, $46,404;
$ 30,600 stocks, and money at interest, § 16,904; deposits in savings
;
banks, $38,937;
$
stock
trade,
in
11,865.
Churches and Schools.
Congre-
gational Church, Rev. F. Jones,
339
1803; died July
man
ers,
9,
1854.
He was
a
powand of untiring energy and
of remarkable mental
perseverance.
A Congregational
Church was organized Sept. 4, 1787.
Boundaries and Area. North by
Washington, east by Windsor and
Antrim, south by Nelson, and west
by Sullivan, Gilsum and Marlow.
Area, 25,925 acres
area of im
proved land 12,897 acres.
Distances.
Forty miles southwest from Concord, and fifteen
north-east from Keene.
;
Railroads.
By
stage,
sixteen
pastor.
miles, to Peterborough station,
tricts
the
There are nine school disand seven schools in town
average
length,
year,
the
for
eighteen weeks.
Stoddard Town LiLibrary.
brary, 500 volumes.
Central House,
and
Hotels.
Week's Hotel.
town
and
to Colonel Samson
Stoddard and others, and received
its present name from Colonel
Stoddard. It was first settled by
John Taggard, Reuben Walton,
Alexander Scott, James Mitchell,
The privaand others, in 1769.
tions and hardships of John Taggard and his family were severe.
Their grain was procured at PeFirst
This
Settlements.
was formerly
was granted
wilderness.
At one time,
for six
days, they had nothing but the flesh
of the Moose to subsist on.
porated Nov. 4, 1774.
Incor-
Rev. Abishai
dismissed
Rev. Isaac Robinson, D.
First Ministers.
Colton, settled in 1793
;
STRAFFORD.
Stkafford County.
face of Strafford
is
The
sur-
broken and un-
and the north-west part
mountainous, but the soil is deep
and fertile and yields large crops
of corn, oats wheat, barley, and
even,
potatoes.
Rivers and Ponds. Bow Pond,
the largest body of water in town,
lies in the south-west part, is 650
rods long, and 400 wide, and is the
source of the principal branch of
Isinglass River, which furnishes
abundant water power.
Wild
Goose Pond lies between this town
and Pittsfield, and Trout Pond
west of the Blue Hills.
Mountains.
The range of moun-
in
which have a considerable
altitude,
known as the "Blue
These works are not in operation at the
Hills," lies in the north-west part
in 1795.
D., (Congregational,) settled
*
Cheshire Railroad, and twelve to
Hillsborough Bridge station, on
the Contoocook Valley Railroad.
When completed, the Greenfield
and Forest Line Railroad will pass
through this town.
called Limerick,
terborough, a distance of about
twenty miles, and carried by him
on his back through the pathless
on
Monadnock Railroad; fifteen
miles to Keene station, on the
present time.
tains
of the town.
�NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER.
340
Employments
»
The
inhabitants
are chiefly engaged in agriculture.
Considerable attention is paid to
and
town. 600,000 shingles and 475,
000 feet of boards &c, are annually produced, and about 35,000 pairs
of sale shoes annually made.
Resources. Productions of the
mechanical labor,
soil, $ 123.672;
$28,900;
700;
$
stocks and
6,975
at in-
;
from summer
$63,175;
$
money
stock in trade, $ 4,
deposits in savings banks,
terest,
tourists,
2,000.
Churches and
There
Schools.
are four churches in town.
will Baptist, Rev.
C. C.
FreeFoster,
pastor; Rev. N. C. Lathrope, Rev.
William Rogers, Rev. D. S.
Quint, residents.
Austin
Academy at Centre Strafford, is a
fine and prosperous institution for
learning.
G. C. McClellan is the
Principal,
School year begins
February 27.
School Library 50
volumes.
First Minister. Rev. "William
Sanders, ordained in 1822.
Literary
Institution.
Organization.
Strafford
originally a part of
was
Barrington,
and was incorporated June
17,
1820,
Hotel.
Bow Lake
House.
Boundaries.
Bounded northeast by Farmington, south-east by
Barrington, south-west by Northwood and Pittsfleld, and northwest by Barnstead. Area, 29,000
acres; improved land, 14,911 acres.
Distances. Thirty miles north-
from Concord, and fifteen
north-west from Dover.
Railroads.
Ten miles to Rochester station on the Portland and
Rochester Railroad. The Concord
east
when
Railroad,
town.
STRATFORD.
the raising of stock, and some very
fine horses and cattle are found in
this
Rochester
completed,' will pass through this
Coos County.
This town ex-
tends along the Connecticut River
for a distance of ten miles. The
interval varies from one quarter,
to a mile in width, and is very fertile, producing fine crops of corn,
The soil on the upoats and hay.
lands is rocky, and more suitable
for pasturage than tillage.
Streams. Besides the Connecticut, which washes its western border, is Nash's Stream which waters the south-east part, and discharges its waters into the Ammonoosuc and Bog Brook the
western part, and runs into the
;
Connecticut.
Elevations. In the south-east
part of the town, are two mountains, of a conical form, called
" Stratford or
Pearcy Peaks."
These peaks are seen as
far south
as Dalton, nearly thirty miles distant.
Employments.
Agriculture
is
the general vocation of the inhab-
but there are some manuThere are three lumber
mills, annually sawing 1,000,000
feet of boards and dimension timber, valued at $ 12,000; two starch
mills producing 65 tons of starch,
$ 5,800 clothes pins $ 14,000 meal,
$ 8,000 bobbins, $ 4,000 besides
blacksmiths, shoe workmen, harness maker, machinist, millinery,
&c. Total value of goods, annually manufactured, $ 55,900.
Productions of the
Resources.
"mechanical labor,
soil, $ 70,534
itants,
factories.
;
;
;
;
;
$
14,600
;
money
at interest
$
25,
599; stock in trade, $25,612; deposits
in
savings banks,
from summer
tourists,
$
$ 235
8,000.
�341
STRATHAM.
At Stratford Hollow there is one
church, a school house, three
stores, a hotel, post office, express
office and one physician. At North
Stratford, there is one church, one
school house, five stores, of all
three hotels, a post office,
express office, and two physicians.
one hundred and fifty-seven miles
north from Concord.
The Grand Trunk
Railroad.
Railroad passes through this town,
on its western border.
STR AT HAITI.
kinds,
Churches and Schools. Methodist, Rev. Leander Moulton, pastor; Baptist, Rev. J. C. Sanborn,
pastor. There are nine schools in
town average length, for the year,
eighteen weeks.
;
Hollow StratAt North Stratford,
Hotels. Stratford
ford House.
;
American House, Willard House,
and Percy House.
Isaac JohnFirst Settlement.
son, James Curtis, James Brown,
Josiah Lampkins, and Archippus
Blodgett commenced the first settlement, some time before the commencement of the war of the revobeing,
lution,
the population
Thonias Burnside,
in 1775, 41.
of this town, was one" of Rogers Rangers, in the French war.
He made a personal application to
1
Governor Wentworth, at Portsmouth, to be appointed a Justice
of the Peace, stating to the Governor, that his neighbor (the only in-
habitant in town, besides himself,)
was not fit to till the office, neither
would he give satisfaction to his
His plausible argutownsman.
ment prevailed, and he was appointed
Peace in
the
this
incoi'porated,
first
town.
of
Justice
Stratford
November,
16,
was
1779.
Boundaries. North by Colum11
or ungrantbia, east by "Odell,
ed lands, south by Stark and Northumberland and west by Vermont.
Area of improved land, 6,354 acres.
Distances. Twenty miles north
from Lancaster by railroad, and
Rockingham
County.
surface of Stratham
The
level, the
is
is rich and very productive,
producing excellent crops. This
town is noted for its extensive
Connurseries of fruit trees.
siderable attention is paid to the
raising of all kinds of fruit, and
it ranks as the third town in the
county in the value of apples produced. The farmers find a ready
market, at fair prices, for their surplus productions, at Exeter and
Portsmouth.
But few farming
communities are more prosperous
and wealthy than are the farmers
of Stratham. Large quantities of
peat are found in the swamps.
Elevations. Stratham Hill is the
principal elevation in town. From
its summit an extensive prospect
is
afforded of the surrounding
soil
country,
including
the
White
Mountains, Great Bay, and the
Ocean.
Employments. The inhabitants
are generally engaged in agriculture.
168, 100 feet of lumber, of all
kinds, are annually produced.
Productions of the
Resources.
soil, S 111,608; mechanical labor,
$ 2,700 stocks and money at inter;
$43,500; deposits in savings
banks, $65,850; stock in trade,
est,
$4,575.
Churches and Schools.
Congre-
gational Church, Rev. A. B. Peabody, pastor; Baptist Church,
Rev.
M.
B.
Laning,
Christian Church,
Baptist Church,
;
.
pastor;
Freewill
There aro
�NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER.
342
four
in
schools
length,
for
town;
the year,
average
thirty-two
weeks.
was
granted
others,
Benjamin
to
February
12,
Population, in 1870, five.
Distances. 143 miles north-east
from Concord, and 30 east from
Lancaster.
1773.
First Settlements. The exact time
of the settlement of Stratham, is not
known, but
it
contained thirty-five
families in 1697,
and was
incor-
porated March 20, 1716, it was
formerly a part of Swamscot Patent, or Hilton's Purchase.
Rev. Henry
First Ministers.
Rust, ordained in 1718; died in
1749.
Rev. Joseph Adams, settled
in 1756 died in 1783. Rev. James
Miltemore, settled in 1786; left
;
in 1807.
North-east
by
Boundaries.
Greenland, east by Greenland and
North-Hampton, south by Exeter,
and west by Exeter and South
Newmarket. Area, 10,120 acres;
area of improved land, 7,151 acres.
Distances.
Forty-three miles
south-east from
Concord, and
three east-north-east from Exeter.
Railroad.
Concord and Ports-
mouth Railroad passes through
this
It
Mackay, and
town.
This
Cheshire County. The soil of
town is good, well cultivated,
and very productive. The inhab-
this
itants are intelligent, industrious
and prosperous.
River and Ponds. Ashuelot River waters the south-east part of
the town. Bolster and Chapman's
Ponds are the principal bodies of
water. There is a reservoir of an
area of over one hundred acres, and
twelve feet deep, which furnishes
some fine water power. There are
other good water privileges still
unimproved.
Employments. The inhabitants
are chiefly engaged in farming.
Keene furnishes a good market for
their products.
About
600,000 feet
of dimension timber is annually
There are some small
sawed.
SUCCESS.
Coos County.
SULLIVAN.
is
a cold,
rugged township, lying north of
the White mountains. In 1870,
there were but forty acres of improved land, four horses, seven
cattle, and fourteen sheep in town.
The soil is hard to cultivate and
the only redeeming quality is the
lumber, which may some day be
brought to market.
The south
part of the town is mountainous.
Rivers. Narmarcungawuck and
Live Rivers rise here, and pass
westerly into the Androscoggin.
Boundaries.
North by Cambridge, east by Maine, south by
Shelburne and west by Berlin and
Milan. Area, 30,000 acres.
manufactories, where chair stock,
flour buckets, hoops, &c. are pro-
duced. (See tables.)
Agricultural prodResources.
$56,088; mechanical labor,
$6,000; money at interest, $32,
144; deposits in savings banks,
ucts,
$ 46,741
;
stock in trade,
$ 5,152.
Churches and Schools. Congregational, Rev. Joseph Fassett, pas-
There are five school districts
and four schools in this town.
Average length of schools, for the
tor.
year, eighteen weeks.
First
Town
van received
Organization.
its
name from
Sulli-
Presi-
dent Sullivan, the chief Magistrate
of New-Hampshire, at the time of
its
incorporation, (Sept. 27, 1787.)
�SUNAPEE.
343
Boundaries. North by Gilsum
and Stoddard, east by Stoddard
Nelson, and Harrisville, south by
Roxbury and Keene, and west
by Keene and Gilsum. Area, 15,
666 acres; improved land, 7,514
There are three small ponds having an area of 300 acres.
Employments. A majority of the
people are engaged in farming,
acres.
bor, about
Forty-six
miles
Distances.
south-west from Concord, and six
north-west from Keene.
Railroad.
Keene station, on
Cheshire Railroad.
from the railway station, is a fine
manufacturing village, and the
principal settlement in town. In
this village, with a few mills in
SUNAPEE.
Sullivan County.
sur-
soil in
some
when
is
uneven, the
erable and valuable.
other sections of the town, are annually manufactured 950 dozen
1,500 dozen fork and hoe
handles, 6,000 gross of clothes pins,
10,000 bushels of shoe pegs, 46 tons
of starch. Machine shop receipts,
properly cultivated, yields excelGranite of the best
found in abundance in
ue of $
two paster shops produce
$6,500,
lent crops.
quality
is
various sections of the town. It is
quarried, in considerable quantities, to supply the market in this
section of the State.
Lake, Streams and Ponds.
far the largest portion of
Lake
By
Sunapee
within the limits of this
surface of the lake,
contains about 4,100 acres, of
which 2,720 acres are in Sunapee.
town.
At the Hartwo and a half miles
hames,
The
parts rocky, but strong, and,
face
but the manufactories are consid-
lies
The
At Sunapee Harbor is the outlet
of the lake, which is the principal
source of Sugar River, which flows
inner-soles and stiffeners to the val19,500.
Also 1,050,000 shin-
and 750,000 feet of boards and
dimension timber, 8,000 sides of
leather, 7,000 of splits and 2,500
bushels of meal and flour are angles,
nually produced.
are
The
Besides, there
small manufactories.
total value of manufactured
other
goods,
is
$
117,500.
There are
also,
in the village, four or five stores
of various kinds, one hotel, two
churches, school-house, post-office,
and about fifty dwelling houses.
At George's mills, there is quite a
through the centre of the town.
little
The
Productions of the
$56,475; labor, $28,300; money at interest, $ 15,726 deposits in
savings banks, $29,989; stock in
outlet of the lake
is
controlled
by a stone dam, and regulated by
gates, capable of holding or with-
drawing ten
water on the
surface of the lake. It has never
been found necessary to test the
full
feet of
capacity of this valuable reser-
From the lake, for a distance of nearly two miles, the river
has a rapid descent and furnishes
voir.
some of the finest water power in
the State, part of which is utilized
with valuable manufactories, but
much remains
still
unimproved.
settlement.
Resources.
soil,
;
trade,
$
6,462.
Churches and Schools.
Methodist, Rev. John H. Hillman, pas-
There are two Union ChurchThere are nine schools in
town. Average length of schools,
for the year, sixteen weeks.
" Lake House."
Hotel.
First Setlleme?its. The town was
originally granted by the name of
tor.
es.
�NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER.
344
Seville to
John Sprague and others,
It was incor7, 1768.
November
porated under the
name
of
Wen-
honor of one of the principal proprietors, John Wendell,
April, 4, 1781. It was changed to
dell, in
Sunapee, (the name of the lake
and mountain,) in June, 1850. The
first
came from Rhode
settlers
Island in 1772.
First Church. A Congregational
Church was incorporated, June 24,
1819.
Rev. A. Woodward was the
first
minister.
Boundaries. North by Springfield, east by New London and
Newbury, southerly by Goshen,
and west by Newport and Croydon. Area, 15,000 acres improved
;
land, 8,627 acres.
Distances.
Thirty-seven miles
north-west from Concord, and six
east from
Newport.
valued at $ 10,300. There are two
blacksmiths and one wheelwright
shop also one store, a hotel, and
;
two churches.
MethoChurches and Schools.
dist, Rev. Mr. Parker, pastor UniThere are
versalist,
:
.
four schools, average length, for
the year, twenty weeks.
Hotel.
at
Carpenter House, valued
$ 5,000.
Productions of the
$46,375; mechanical labor,
$3,900; stocks and money at interest, $ 12,320
deposits in savings banks, $30,160; stock in trade,
Resources.
soil,
;
$ 6,428.
First
Settlement,
Surry was
severed from Gilsum and Westmoreland, and incorporated under
its present name, May 9th, 1769.
Peter Haywood commenced the
first
settlement, in 1764.
He
be-
The Sugar River
gan clearing and cultivating his
Railroad passes through the southern section of the town.
land the year previous, making his
Railroads.
is
Keene, At
were hostile
and lurking through the woods in
at the
fort,
in
that time, the Indians
SURRY.
Cheshire County.
home
This town
the vicinity; but he passed daily
small, both in territoi'y and pop-
from the fort to his farm, having
for his guard his trusty gun and
his faithful dog: he acted as mon-
but the inhabitants are
prosperous and many of them are
quite wealthy, for a farming community. The intervals on the Ashuelot River are fertile and very
valuable, extending nearly through
the town, from north to south. On
the east side of the river is an abrupt mountain, of considerable
height, upon the top of which is a
pond, having an area of three
acres, and a depth of about twentyulation,
five feet.
Employments. The inhabitants
are generally engaged in agriculture. About 138,000 shingles and
550,000 feet of boards and dimension timber are annually sawed,
itor to give the
alarm, whenever
the wiley savage dared approach.
First Ministers.
Rev.
David,
Darling, (Congregational) ordain-
ed in 1779, dismissed in 1783.
Rev. Perley Howe, ordained in
1795.
Boundaries. North by Walpole
and Alstead, east by Gilsum, south
by Keene, and west by Westmoreland and Walpole. Area, 12,212
acres; area of improved land,
6,300 acres.
Fifty - two
miles
Distances.
south-west from Concord, and six
north-west from Keene.
�SUTTON.
Railroad. By stage three times
a week, to Keene railway station.
SUTTON".
fied
with
soil in
hills
many
is
Agriculture
is
sur-
5,200 bushels of grain is ground,
and
valleys.
portions of the
The
town
Ponds and Rivers.
There are
several ponds; the largest is Ke-
Pond about
church, school house
uneven, diversi-
being fertile. Considerable interval land may be found along the
branches of Warner and Blackwater rivers which produce grass
and grain in abundance.
zar's
tories, stores,
and post office.
Employments.
the principal pursuit of the people,
but there is some manufacturing.
Merrimack County. The
face of Sutton
345
190 rods square
and Long Pond which is one mile
long and seventy rods wide. The
south branch of Warner River enters the town on the south, and
the northerly branch passes nearly
through the center from north to
south, and furnishes good water
power.
There is some fine interval on this branch.
A large
branch of Blackwater has its
source along the western base of
Kearsarge mountain.
Mountain.
A large portion of
Kearsarge Mountain lies in this
town.
Hundreds visit it in the
summer months, and climb to its
summit to view the fine and varied scenery, which it affords.
King's Hill is situated in the west
part. The most elevated part of
this hill, rises within a few feet
as high as Kearsarge, and affords
some delightful and extensive
landscape views.
Minerals. Granite of an excellent quality is found here. Plumbago is obtained in considerable
quantities.
At the foot of King's
clay of superior quality is
found.
There are several small
villages in different sections of the
hill,
town, having each some manufac-
60,000 clapboards, 200,000 shingles
and
laths,
and
570,000
feet
of
boards are annually sawed, valued
at $ 9,200. There are also an excelsior mill, blacksmith and shoe
shops, carpenters, painters, &c.
The total amount of goods of all
kinds annually manufactured, is
valued at $37,800.
Productions of the
Resources.
soil, $68,532;
mechanical labor,
$ 12,400; stocks, and money at indeposits in sav$ 26,976
ings banks, $ 37,464
stock in
trade, $ 11,275.
Churches and Schools.
Advent,
Rev. Frank Nelson, pastor; Freewill Baptist, Rev. Edwin Smith,
pastor;
South Sutton, Rev. I.
Smith, pastor; Universalist,
terest,
;
;
.
There are fourteen schools
average length for the year, seventeen weeks.
First Settlement.
Sutton was
granted by the Masonian proprieIt was called Perrystown, from Obadiah Perry, one of
Daniel
the original proprietors.
Peaslee first settled here in 1767,
and was followed by others soon
after.
The first settlers found sufficient evidence to show that it
was once the haunt of the red man.
Hearths skillfully laid with stone,
gun barrels, stone pestles, mortars,
tomahawks, arrow heads &c, were
frequently found. On the bank of
Kezar's pond, an Indian burial
tors in 1749.
was also discovered. The
town was incorporated, April 13,
place
1784.
First
Minister.
Rev. Samuel
�NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER.
346
Ambros, (Bap.) ordained
in
1782,
siderable extent, the facilities for
branch of industry being su-
dismissed in 1795.
Boundaries.
North by NewLondon and Wilniot, east by Wilmot and Warner, south by Warner and Bradford, and west by
Newbury. Area, 24,300 acres; of
this
improved land,
manufacture,
annually,
76,400
yards beaver cloth. * A blanket
factory, manufacturing 28,000 yards
blanket cloth, a matress factory,
8,673 acres.
By
and
rail-
road, thirty miles north from
Con-
Distances.
stage
cord.
The Concord and
Railroad.
Claremont Railroad passes through
the southern border of the town
near Warner. Five miles to Bradford station.
SWANZEV.
Cheshire County.
face of this town is
consisting
of
hills,
swells of upland.
The
sur-
diversified,
and
valleys
The
soil
conabout
of three varities, in
equal proportions, interval plain
and upland.
The first named
yields excellent crops of grass the
plains produce corn, rye and other
grains in abundance, and the
strong and deep soil of the upland
affords good pasturage, orcharding
sists
;
and woodland.
Rivers and Ponds.
a good prospect of
the enlargements of old, as well
as the erection of new manufac-
perior, with
tories.
The
Stratton
Mills
Company
making $
15,000 worth matresses.
Also 210,000 packing and candy
boxes, 32,400 buckets, 305,000 pails,
39,600 toy pails, and various other
small articles, are annually made.
Total value of goods, annually
manufactured, $ 351,000.
Resources. Productions of the
soil, $93,081; mechanical labor,
$ 88,400
terest, $
;
stocks,
17,750
;
and money
at in-
deposits in savings
banks, $98,038;
stock in
trade,
$ 13,100; from summer tourists,
$ 800 professional services, $ 25,
;
000.
Churches and Schools. Baptist
Church, Rev. E. J. Emery, pastor; Congregational Church, Rev.
Charles Willey, pastor; Universalist, Church,
There are
average
thirteen schools in town
length, for the year, nineteen
weeks value of school houses $ 10,
.
Ashuelot
River, the principal stream, passes
through Swanzey in a south-west
direction, and empties into the
Connecticut at Hinsdale.
The
South Branch River unites with
the Ashuelot about a mile north
from the center of the town. Great
;
;
400.
Library.
School District LibraNo. 9, 450 volumes.
ry, in district
Hotels.
West Swanzey
Hotel,
and Elm House.
principal bodies of water.
Pond and Lock's Pond are tho
Hypon-
first
Massachusetts
granted Swanzey, in 1733, to
First Settlements.
eco Brook formerly afforded ex-
sixty-four persons.
cellent trout fishing.
visional line being settled,
Employments. Agriculture is a
lucrative employment, the excellent soil affording the farmers am-
granted by New-Hampshire, July
Until its being granted
2, 1753.
ple returns for their labor. Manufactures are carried on to a con-
by the
*
The
latter State, it
state di-
was
it
was
called
Recently burnt, but will probably be
rebuilt.
�TAMWOKTH.
Lower Ashuelot, from the Indian
name Ashaelock. The inhabitants
from Indian
suffered severely
depredations from 1741 to 1747.
Several were killed and many
were taken prisoners. During this
trying period, Massachusetts, un-
Swanzey
der whose jurisdiction,
347
TAMWORTH.
Carroll County. The surface of Tamworth is uneven, and
broken with hills and valleys, but
the soil is deep and fertile, and suitably adapted to grazing and tillage.
Tamworth is undoubtedly one of
the best grazing and fruit towns
had been
for thirteen years, with-
drew her
tlers were
protection,
sixth
left
value of
and the setdefenceless, and ex-
posed to the fury of the savages.
It being necessary to abandon the
in the
State.
town
and the
its
It
in
ranks as the
the
county,
in
agricultural products,
first
in
its
pro-
fruit
But one other town in
ductions.
many
settlement, the inhabitants collect-
.
the
ed together their furniture and
household goods, and concealed
them in the ground. We can
hardly conceive the emotions of
pounds of maple sugar as Tamworth.
There are many fine
farms under a high state of culti-
were compelled to leave behind those happy
homes; scarcely had they begun
their wearisome and perilous jour-
The scenery in and around Tamworth is grand, beautiful and romantic and it is fast becoming one of
these pioneers as they
ney,
when
the Indians set fire to
the houses, and with one exception
After a periall were destroyed.
county
produces
as
vation.
the fashionable resorts for
tourists.
summer
It is estimated that
500 tourists spend a few
months, in the
warm
over
weeks or
season of the
od of three years, the settlers returned, and the arduous task of rebuilding was commenced.
First Ministers.
Rev. Timo-
camp River, which passes through
the town in an easterly direction,
thy Harrington, (Congregational,)
and empties into Ossipee Lake.
Rev.
Swift River rises in the north-west
corner, and meanders through the
center, and discharges its waters into those of Bearcamp
and
Conway River proceeding from
Conway Pond, in Albany, passes
through the south-east coi'ner of
the town, and mingles its waters
with those of the Bearcamp River.
These are the principal streams
and afford some excellent water
power which is impx*oved to some
extent.
Mountains. There are no mountains lying wholly in the limits of
this town, but on the northern bor der are the mountains of Albany,
and part of Ossipee Mountains are
settled in 1741
;
left in 1747.
Ezra Carpenter,
settled in
1753;
Rev. Edward
Goddard, settled in 1769 dismissed in 1798. Rev. Clark Brown,
dismissed in 1769.
;
settled in 1810; dismissed in 1815.
Boundaries and Area.
North
by Keene, east by Marlborough
and Troy, south by Richmond,
and west by Winchester and Chesterfield.
Area, 28,057 acres; improved land, 11,259 acres.
Distances.
Sixty miles south-
west from Concord, and six south
from Keene.
Railroad.
Ashuelot Railroad
passes through this town, in a
northerly and southerly direction.
year, in this pleasant town.
Rivers. It
is
well watered by Bear-
;
�NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER.
348
included within
southern bor-
its
Lead ore and argen-
Minerals.
tiferous galena are found in several localities, in
small quantities.
There are three small
Villages.
villages in different sections of the
town, with a
stores,
which destroyed almost all
and nearly reduced
them to starvation. "But they
were like all the early pioneers of
Old New-Hampshire, a brave, hardy
enterprising people, and amidst all
their trouble and discouragement,
they firmly resolved not to abandon
the settlement. They frequently
killed a deer, bear, or some other
wild animal and thus they were
enabled to sustain themselves and
frosts
their crops,
der.
post-office,
one or two
a school house and
some
mechanical shops.
Agriculture
Employments.
is
employment of the
the principal
people, although manufacturing
is
families until
carried on quite extensively.
1,
permanent
135,000 feet of lumber, of all kinds,
is annually sawed
$ 32,600 worth
of spools, 2,000 dozens of rakes,
300 dozens fork handles, 3,000
sides of leather, and marble work
to the value of $ 5,000 are annually
produced.
The total value of
goods, annually manufactured, is
;
$81,375.
Annual production
Resources.
of the soil $
106, 199
labor $ 16,000
;
interest,
$
mechanical
stocks and money at
15,975;
;
deposits in sav-
ings banks, $8,553; stock in trade,
$
$
13,057
;
from summer
tourists
10,000.
Churches and Schools.
CongreH. Riddle, pastor
Freewill Baptist, Rev. J. S. Run-
gational, Rev. S.
nals, pastor
;
Methodist,
.
There are nineteen school districts
and seventeen schools in town.
Average length of schools, for the
year, twelve weeks.
Hotel
Gilman House.
First Settlement.
Tamworth was
granted to John Webster, Jonathan Moulton and others, October 14. 1766. It was first settled
by Richard Jackman, Jonathan
Choate, David Philbrick and William Eastman, in 1771. The early
settlers endured great hardships
and privations occasioned by early
they could secure
relief.
The town was
incorporated October 14, 1766.
First Church. A Congregational
Church was organized and Rev.
Samuel Hidden ordained as its
pastor,
September
12,
1792.
He
was greatly beloved and esteemed
by the people of Tamworth and
the surrounding towns.
He was
ordained on a large flat rock, capable of seating fifty people. A witness of this novel ordination says
"Early in the morning the people
assembled around the rock, men,
women, boys and girls, together
with dogs and other domestic animals.
It was an entire forest
about the rock. The scenery was
wild. On the north is a high hill,
and north of this is Chocorua's lofty
peak, which seemingly touches the
heavens. On the south, and in all
directions are mountains, steep and
rugged.
I had expected to have
heard the howling of the wolf, and
the screeching of the owl but instead of these, were heard the melting notes of the robin, and the
chirping of the sparrow and other
;
birds, that
the forest seem
Mr. Hidden died
1837, and in the forty-
make
like Paradise."
February
13,
sixth year of his ministry.
Boundaries. North by Albany,
by Madison, south by Ossipee,
east
*
�TEMPLE
—THORNTON.
and west by Sandwich. Total area,
improved land, 15,304 acres.
28,917;
north
miles
Sixty
Distances.
from Concord, and six north from
Ossipee.
Great
Railroads.
Conway Railroad
Falls
and
passes through
one corner of the town, but the
nearest station is by daily stage to
West Ossipee station, four miles,
on the Great Falls and Conway
Railroad.
When completed it is
expected that the Meredith and
Conway, and Portland and Rutland
Railroads will pass through some
portion of
349
gational, Rev. S. D. Clark, pastor.
There are four schools in town.
Average length of schools, for the
year, twenty one weeks.
"Central House."
Hotel.
First
Temple
Organization.
was formed from
the
easterly
portion of what was originally
It
called "Peterborough Slip."
was
incorpoi'ated,
First Ministers.
August 26, 1768.
Rev. Samuel
Webster, (Congregational,) ordained in 1771 died in 1778. Rev.
Noah Miles, ordained in 1782; died
;
in 1831.
North by Greenand Lyndeborough, east by
Lyndeboi'ough and Wilton, south
by Greenville and New-Ipswich,
and west by Sharon and PeterborBoundaries.
Tamworth.
field
TEMPLE.
Hillsborough County. The
town is uneven, but
surface of this
is of a good quality, and,
properly cultivated, returns
fine crops to the husbandman.
Mountains and Streams. Temple Mountains extend along the
the soil
when
western and north-western border
of the town. From the summit of
these mountains an extensive and
delightful view of the surrounding
From
country can be obtained.
the highest point of elevation, in a
clear atmosphere, over twenty
church edifices may be seen by the
naked eye. The several streams
Area, 13,400 acres.
Forty miles southwest from Concord, and twelve
ough.
Distances.
west from Amherst.
Mail conve}*ance to
Railroad.
Wilton railway station; distance,
Peterborough and
seven miles.
Shirley railroad, four miles.
THOK.vrOlV.
Grafton County.
The
surface
broken and uneven,
but the soil is deep and fertile, and,
when properly cultivated, produces
of Thornton
is
riv-
fine crops of corn, barley, potatoes
Wilton, have their rise
among these mountains.
The inhabitants
Employments.
are generally engaged in agricul-
&c. Along the rivers are some
good interval lands.
Rivers and Ponds. This town is
watered by the Pemigewassett river, which passes in a southerly direction through the town, also, by
Mad river, passing through the
which flow
er,
into the
Souhegan
at
ture.
About
200.000 feet of
lumber
are annually sawed.
Productions of the
Resources.
mechanical labor,
soil, $71,721;
$
1,700
;
stocks,
bonds and money
deposits in
interest, $7,950;
savings banks, $54,519; stock in
at
trade,
$
1,500.
Churches and Schools.
Congre-
south-easterly corner into Campwhere it joins the Pemige-
ton,
wassett, and by several other small
streams, which afford some good
water power. On Mill Brook is a
beautiful cascade, the water fall-
�NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER.
350
ing off a rock forty-two feet per-
Farming is the
employment of the peoOver 32,000 pounds of ma-
Employments.
principal
ple.
ple sugar
annually manufactur-
gewassett Valley Railroad
pass through this town.
will
15,000 clapboards, 90,000 shin-
ed.
gles
is
Ten miles by stage
Plymouth station on the Boston,
Concord and Montreal Railroad.
When completed, the PemiRailroads.
to
pendicularly.
and 250,000
soil, $
$ 3,600
104,527
;
feet of boards, etc.,
Belknap County.
are sawed.
Resources.
Productions of the
;
mechanical labor,
stocks and
money
at inter-
$2,300; deposits in savings
banks, $ 3,086 stock in trade, $ 6,
est,
;
105;
from summer
tourists,
$8,
000.
Churches and Schools. Christian
Church, Rev. D. A. Smith, pastor;
Freewill Baptist Church, Rev.
John
Pettengill,
pastor.
There
are eleven schools in town. Average length of schools, for the year,
twelve weeks.
Grafton House, Union
Hotels.
House.
First Settlements.
Thornton was
granted to Matthew, James and
Andrew Thornton, and others,
July 6, 1763. It was first settled
by Benjamin Hoit, in 1770. Incorporated November 8, 1781.
Rev. ExperiFirst Ministers.
ence Esterbrooks, settled 1780,
dismissed 1781. Rev. Noah Worcester, D. D., ordained 1787, dismissed
1810.
A Congregational Church
was organized August 10, 1780.
NorthBoundaries and Area.
by ungranted lands and
east
Waterville, south-east by Watersouth by
ville and Sandwich,
Campton, west by Ellsworth and
north-west by Woodstock and Lincoln.
Area, 28,490 acres; improved land, 13,462 acres.
miles
Distances.
Fifty-eight
north from Concord, and twelve
north from Plymouth,
Tilton
was
disannexed from Sanbornton and
incorporated into a separate town,
in July, 1869. The surface is generally uneven, being diversified
with hills and valleys. Some of
the hills are quite elevations, but
nearly all of them can be cultivated to their summits. The soil,
throughout the town, is good, producing excellent crops of corn,
oats
and hay.
River.
Winnipiseogee
River
runs along its eastern and southern limits, and furnishes in its
passage some valuable waterpower, a portion of which is
improved. Part of Lake Winnisquam lies in the northern
section; also Little Bay on the
eastern side of the town.
Indians. At the head of Little
Bay, on the Winnipiseogee, are to
be seen the remains of what is
supposed to have been an Indian
fort.
It consisted of six walls
one extending along the river and
across the point into the bay, and
the others in right
angles, connected by a circular wall in the
rear.
When
the
first settlers
came
were breast-high,
and large oaks were growing
within their enclosure. Most of
the stones which composed this
wall, have been removed to build
a dam thrown across the river at
here, these walls
this place.
Numerous Indian
rel-
have been found within this
fort; which shows conclusively
ics
�351
TILTON.
once resided, in this
powerful tribe of Indians, of whose former existence
all traces will soon be obliterated,
by time and the progress of civi-
was
lization.
many
there
that
vicinity, a
On
the Winnipiseoforms the boundai'j
Villages.
gee,
line
where it
between this town and North-
field, is
ton
situated the village of Tilcalled " Sanborn-
—formerly
ton Bridge". This village is on
both sides of the river, and is connected by several bridges. Here
are three woolen mills, one cotton
mill, a saw and a grist mill, two
church edifices, two school-houses
New-Hampshire
(one graded),
Conference Seminary and Female
College, two banks, twelve or fifteen stores, of various kinds, one
hotel, various mechanical shops,
two lawyers, five physicians and
about one hundred and twentyThe mills
five dwelling houses.
do the
in this village respectively
following amount of business, viz.
Tilton Mills employ 39 males, 16
females annually produce tweeds
;
Win-
to the value of $ 175,000.
nipiseogee Mills employ 40 males,
80 females
ton
$
annually produce cotto the value of
;
sheeting
On
167,000.
the Northfield side,
Granite Mills employ 26 males, 54
females produce repellents valued
;
at
$
210,000.
Elm
256.
It has a library of 1,183
volumes, and a valuable cabinet
especially relating to mineralogy.
(See Literary Institutions.) It is a
lively business village, and has
pleasant residences. With
valuable unimproved waterpower, it has every encouragement to double its business and
population within the next ten
years. It is the center of a large
mercantile trade, which is a very
important branch of business. At
East Tilton, is an excelsior factory,
its
saw and
grist mill,
two church
school house, store, and
edifices,
twenty dwelling houses
Employments. The vocations of
fifteen or
the inhabitants are nearly equally
divided with farming on the one
side, and the various trades on the
There are annually proother.
duced 6,000 bushels of corn, 27,000
pounds of butter, and 2,500 tons of
hay. The annual value of manufactured
of
goods,
all
kinds,
is
$ 445,000.
Hesources.
tions,
$ 69,300
$
trade,
$
mechanical labor,
18,675
banks,
ings
;
and money
stocks
;
interest,
19,675
ness, $ 42,000
ists,
Agricultural produc-
$ 108,915
;
;
at
deposits in sav-
stock in
$64,037;
professional busi;
from summer tour-
$3,000.
Churches and Schools.
Mills employ 7
produce repel-
pastor;
CongreTheodore Pratt,
Rev.
gational,
The
Rev. ^\IarD. D., rector.
At East Tilton, Methodist, Rev. J.
W. Bean, pastor Freewill Baptist,
Rev. Gilman Sanborn, pastor.
There are six schools in town;
average length, for the year, thirtysix weeks.
number of
Hampshire Conference Seminary
and Female College.
males, 14 females
lents valued at
$
nual pay-roll for
;
66,000.
all
The an-
the mills
is
The New-Hampshire
Conference Seminary and Female
$103,600.
College
is
one of the most popular
literary institutions in the
State.
buildings are fine structures,
and cost over $ 40,000. It has an
endowment of $12,000, and the
students, the past year,
Episcopal,
cellus A. Herrick,
;
Literary
Institution.
New-
�NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER.
352
Libraries.
Conference Seminary Library, 1,183 volumes; Til ton
Social Library.
Banks. Citizens National Bank,
(See
and Iona Savings Bank.
1
tables.)
" Dexter House."
Hotel.
first
Area of improved
land,
8,612
acres.
Distances. Eighteen miles north
from Concord, and seven south
from Gilford.
Boston,
Concord
Railroads.
and Montreal Railroad passes
;
banks, $ 59,803
deposits in savings
;
stock in trade,
$ 27,270.
Churches and Schools. Baptist,
Rev. Jonathan Herrick, pastor;
Congregational, Rev. L. Bingham,
pastor.
settlement and first
ministers, see Sanbornton.
Boundaries. North by Sanbornton, east by Belmont, south by
Northfield, and west by Franklin.
For
$ 17,500
terest,
There are six schools,
average length, for the year, twenty-one weeks. Troy High School,
Mrs. L. B. Wright, preceptress.
Hotel. Monadnock House.
The village in this town is very
pleasant, and has a business appearance so common to the small
manufacturing villages in Cheshire County.
First Town Organization. Troy
was taken from Marlborough and
Fitzwilliam, and incorporated Jan-
along the eastern border of the
town. Stations at Tilton and East
uary
Tilton.
installed
23, 1815.
First Minister.
in
1815,
Ezekiel Rich,
dismissed in
1818.'
TROY.
Cheshire County.
Troy
is
a
6mall township and now ranks as
a manufacturing town. The surface is uneven, but the soil yields
fair crops, when properly cultivated.
Manufacturing
Employments.
is
the most prominent business in
town, although there are some
very good farms well tilled. There
is one blanket manufactory, annually producing 60,000 horse blankTubs and
ets, valued at $ 112,000.
pails are made to the value of $ 40,
000, meal and flour to the value of
$
Lumber, $ 4,400
6,000.
;
besides,
leather boots and shoes, nest box-
Boundaries. North by Marlborough, east by Jaffrey, south by
Fitzwilliam, and west by Richmond and Swanzey. Area of improved land 5,666 acres.
Distances.
Fifty-four
miles
south-west from Concord, and
twelve south-east from Keene.
Railroad.
The Cheshire Railroad passes through nearly the
center of the town, in a northerly
and southerly direction.
I'llFTONBOROCGH.
Carroll County.
The soil of
town is various; the surface
in some parts is even, in others
more rough. There are some very
this
es,
finely cultivated farms, pleasantly
The
located near
blacksmiths and other trades.
total value of goods of all
kinds annually manufactured is
$245,000.
Resources.
soil,
$31,875;
$ 48,300
;
Productions of the
mechanical labor,
and money at in-
stocks,
Lake Winnipiseogee.
Several arms of the lake reach far
into the interior, and from the crest
of the hills, present a succession
of beautiful views to the spectator,
some of which are unsurpassed in
�UNITY.
Tuftonborough has
sum-
this region.
many natural
mer resort.
attractions as a
The
Employments.
About
inhabitants
18,000 pairs of
made
in this
boots and
town, annu-
some
350,000 feet of lumber
(See tables.)
Productions of the
Resources.
ally
;
sawed.
is
mechanical labor,
and money
$89,860;
soil,
$4,500;
stocks, bonds,
deposits in
at interest, $5,350;
savings banks, $24,557; stock in
from summer tour-
trade, $2,350;
ists,
$
2,000.
Churches and Schools.
Advent,
W. Piper, pastor 2d Christian,
J. Whitney, D. A. Wiggin, pastors; F. Baptist, S. F. Bean, pastor; Methodist, James Cowley,
pastor. There are eleven schools
T.
;
average length, for the year, ten
weeks.
Hotel. Melvin House.
Tuftonborough
First Settlers.
was originally granted to J. Tufton Mason. The first settlers were
Benjamin Bean, Phinehas Graves
and Joseph Peavey, in 1780 incorporated in 1795.
;
Rev.
First Minister.
Kellum, (Cong.) in
Joseph
1800.
pee, south-east by Wolfeborough,
Lake
Winnipiseogee, and north-west by Moultonborough.
by
Improved
land,
12,
635 acres.
Distances.
The sur
broken, and uneven, but the soil is rich, very productive, and is highly favorable
for grazing.
Good crops of wheat,
corn, barley and potatoes are annually produced. It ranks as the
sixth town in the county, in the
value of its agricultural products.
There are many fine farms under a high state of cultivation.
Considerable attention has been
given to the raising of neat stock,
and some of the finest cattle in the
State, can be found in this town.
Rivers and Ponds. Little Sugar
River, a considerable stream, lias
its source in Wortleberry and Beaver Meadow Ponds, in the north
part, and passes through the centre and empties into the Connecticut at Charlestown. A branch of
Sugar River, flowing through
Newport, has its source in Gilman's Pond, in the east part of the
town; these streams afford some
water power. Wortleberry, Beaver Meadow and Gilman Ponds
are the principal bodies of water.
Fifty miles east-by-
from Concord, and about
eight west from Ossipee.
t
Railroad. Wolfeborough depot,
north
is
Cold Pond lies partly in this town
and is the head of Cold River.
Mountains.
Perry's Mountain,
in the south-west part, lying partin
ly
North-east by Ossi-
Boundaries.
south-west
TT1VITY.
Sullivan County.
face of Unity
are generally employed in the cultivation of the soil, and are industrious,
prosperous, and happy.
shoes are
353
this
town and
Charlestown,
is
in
vation.
Springs.
In the eastern part of
town and about three miles
from Newport Village, is a strong
chalybeate spring, which is becomthe
ing celebrated
properties.
for its
medicinal
A large hotel is locat-
ed here for the accomodation of
invalids.
seven miles. A stage runs every
other day in the winter, in the
consists of Gneiss
summer,
overlaid by strata of
daily.
partly
the principal ele-
Minerals.
The rock formation
and Granite,
micaceous,
�NEW-nAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER.
354
hornblende, and chlorite slate.
in small quantities, is
Near
found in various localities.
Little Sugar River is a mine of
copper and iron pyrites. Near the
mine is also found Iolite, a fine,
delicate, blue-colored stone, which
alis highly valued by jewelers
so titanium, valued in the art of
Porcelain Painting, and the manmineral teeth, is
ufacture of
found in considerable quantities.
Employments.
The inhabitants
are principally engaged in agricul-
Bog iron ore,
;
1
aral pursuits.
of maple sugar,
factured.
of
all
Over 28,000 pounds
is annually manu-
is
Productions of the
$109,418; mechanical labor,
$1,000; stocks and money at interest, $9,360; deposits in savings
Sesources.
from
39,093;
summer
14.437.
Distances. Fifty miles west by
north from Concord, and nine
south from Newport.
Railroads.
Nearest railroad
communication, from center of
the
town
is
at
Claremont
station,
on the Concord & Claremont Railroad. When completed,
the Forest Line Railroad will pass
through Unity.
five miles,
WAKEFIELD.
sawed annually.
6oil,
.$
;
ed land,
450,000 feet of lumber,
kinds,
banks,
North by Clareeast by Goshen, south by Lempster and Acworth, and west by Chariestown.
Area, 24,447 acres area of improvBoundaries.
mont and Newport,
Cakkoll County.
Wakefield
point of wealth, the
fourth, and, in mechanical business, the third town in the county,
ranks,
and
toursts, $2,000.
The
MethoChurches and Schools.
Church, Rev. Silas Quimby,
pastor; Baptist Church,
Methodist Church at West Unity,
There are twelve school
districts and nine schools in town
average length, for the year, nineteen weeks.
Hotel.
Unity Spring Hotel.
Unity was
First Settlements.
granted to Theodore Atkinson,
soil
Meshech Weare,
in
at present is
growing rapidly.
lies
dist
;
.
thers in
ses
1764.
Thurston,
and
forty-five
John Ladd, MoCharles Huntoon,
Esq., and Joseph Perkins
tled here in 1769.
first set-
The town
re-
present name on account
of a friendly adjustment of a dispute which had existed for a long
time, between certain parties in
Hampstead and Kingston, each
ceived
its
party claiming the same territory
Incorunder different grants.
porated July
13, 1764.
surface
is
is
uneven, but the
generally good, and well
There are
adapted to grazing.
some fine farms highly cultivated,
which produce excellent crops of
wheat, corn, oats, and hay.
Pine River
Rivers and Ponds.
has its source in a pond of the same
name. The principal branch of
Piscataqua River takes its rise
from East Pond, in the south-east
part of the town. Pumice Pond
between this town and Effingham, and is 450 rods long and 400
wide. Lovewell's Pond, lying in
the south part of the town, is 700
rods long and 275 wide. This
pond received its name from Captain John Lovewell, who surprised and destroyed a party of Indians, near its eastern shore, FebThere are several
ruary 20, 1725.
valuable water privileges, and,
along the streams, there is considerable interval, which is well
�WALPOLE.
and very productive.
Employments. A majority of the
people are engaged in farming,
but manufacturing and mercantile
trade are becoming important
branches of business. Some 30,000
pairs of boots and shoes are annucultivated,
ally
made;
11,000 clapboards, 800,
000 shingles, 1,250,000 feet of boards
and dimension timber sawed. The
manufacturing of sale clothing is
becoming quite an extensive business. One firm at Wolfeborough
make
Junction,
per.
000
4,000 pairs of pants
month, and several others 1,
month. There are
pairs per
several other small manufactories
in town; the whole, including the
manufacturing of clothing, makes
the annual value of manufactured products $211,400.
There are several villages,
pleasantly located, each trying
to vie with the other, in bus-
The number of
iness.
beauti-
ponds in town, together with
the fine drives, and delightful
views, have caused many summer
tourists to spend their summer vacation here, there being over two
hundred last season, and the numful
ber is increasing every year.
Two
have been erected, the
past year, for the accommodation
fine hotels
of visitors.
Resources.
soil,
$
100,605
;
Productions of the
mechanical labor,
$51,100; stocks and
money
at in-
$ 26,034 deposits in savings
banks, $ 49,701
stock in trade,
from summer tourists,
$ 15,795
$8,000; from professional business &c., $ 30,000.
Churches and Schools.
Four
churches
Congregational, Advent, Baptist, and Methodist. Rev.
S. Clark is pastor of the Congregational Church.
There are eleven
terest,
;
;
;
355
town
average length,
twenty-one weeks;
amount of money annually
schools in
;
for the year,
tatal
appropriated for school purposes,
$
1,562.52.
Union Library,
Library.
at
Un-
ion Village.
Hotels.
Union Hotel, Sanborn
House, National House and DaValue of hotel propervis Hotel.
ty, $ 30,000. Hotel arrivals, for the
year, 8,000.
Livery Stables.
There are four
livery stables, with fifteen horses
each.
Town Organization. Wakewas originally called " East
Town, " and was incorporated August 30, 1774. Mr. Robert MackFirst
field
born in Scotland, and distinguished for longevity; died here
in 1787, at the age of 115 years.
First Minister. Rev. Asa Piper,
ordained
in
(Congregational,)
1785 dismissed in 1810.
Boundaries. North-west by Ossipee and Effingham, east by Newfield, Maine, south-east by Milton,
and south-west by Middleton and
Area, of improved
Brookfield.
lin,
;
land, 11,871 acres.
Distances.
Fifty miles
north-
from Concord, and ten southeast from Ossipee.
Railroads.
Portsmouth, Great
Falls and Conway Division of the
Eastern Railroad, and the Wolfeborough Branch of the Eastern
Railroad. There are five Railway
Union,
stations in town,
viz.
Wolfeborough Junction, Wakefield, East Wakefield, and North
east
Wakefield.
WALPOLE.
;
Cheshire
County.
Walpole
ranks, as an agricultural town, the
third in the State in the value of its
�NEW- HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER.
Vo6
The
productions.
is
town
face of the
beautifully diversified by hills
and
The
vales.
soil is deep,
and
similar to that of other towns on
The
the Connecticut River.
vals are extensive
cellent tillage
;
and
inter-
afford ex-
while the uplands
are inferior to none in the State.
Many
of the farms are highly cul-
and very productive.
tivated,
River
Connecticut
Rivers.
washes the western border of the
town. Cold River passes through
north part, affording some
water power, and unites with the
Connecticut, about one mile south
of Bellows Falls. Near these falls
is a cragged mountain abruptly
the
rising 800 feet above the surface of
The road from Charlestown to Walpole passes along
between this mountain and the
falls, and at this point presents a
wild and picturesque scenery to
the river.
On the opposite side
of the river, in Vermont, is the
thriving village of Bellows Fnlls.
At this point four railroads have
their termini viz. Rutland, Sullivan, Cheshire and Connecticut
the traveler.
—
T
River A alley Railroads.
Village.
About four miles south
Falls, is situated the
pleasant village of Walpole, on a
main
above the
river.
The
and south,
and is broad and beautifully shaded
with grand old elms and maples.
Bordering on either side are the
houses, stores, shops and churches.
Many
and
street runs north
of the residences are elegant
costly,
a handsome
is
neatly laid out and
with beautiful shade
common
furnishes
common,
ornamented
trees.
a
This
delightful
promenade
for the quiet villagers,
or their visitors, on the pleasant
summer evenings, just as the sun
below the horizon and regolden beams on the
western sky, or upon the crest of
the towering mountains beyond the
Connecticut, the whole presenting
a picture far beyond the most
settles
flects
its
drapery of human imThe general neatness
and quiet which prevail, together
with the beautiful scenery of the
surrounding country, render this
one of the most delightful and
splendid
agination.
New-HampMany summer tourists
attractive villages in
shire.
spend their vacation in this village,
and it is becoming quite a summer
resort. It is the centre of a large
mercantile trade, and many of the
stores have a metropolitan appearance.
Employments. The inhabitants
are generally devoted to agriculture.
38,000 bushels of corn, large
and 39,000
wool are annually produced.
quantities of tobacco,
from Bellows
plain, high
There
and adorned with spa-
cious and beautiful yards, carpeted
with green grass, and made fragrant by blooming flowers while
other dwellings have a rich, antique appearance which are sugpast.
gestive of
days in the
;
lbs.
The number of bushels of
corn, an-
nually raised, exceeds that of any
other town in the State by over
13,
The manufacturing is
considerable. The value of shirts
000 bushels.
and collars annually manufactured,
is
$71,000; 1,100,000 feet of boards,
and 220,000 shingles are annually sawed; 30,000 bushels grain,
ground, 1,000.000 pill boxes made,
besides leather, towel racks, etc.,
are produced. The total value of
manufactured productions,
600.
Drewsville
is
is
$
131,
a village of
some trade and considerable manufacturing.
It is
romantically
sit-
�357
WALPOLE.
uated near the falls, and contains
a hotel, post-office and church.
Agricultural proBesources.
mechanical
ductions,
$254,095;
labor, §34,200; stocks, etc., $36,
600;
money
at interest, $60,620;
stock in trade, $25,725 deposits in
savings banks, $43,960; from summer tourists, $4,000; professional
;
sources, etc., $ 60,000.
Churches and Schools. There are
Congregational,
Rev. W. E. Dickenson, pastor;
Unitarian, Christian, Episcopal,
and Catholic. There are fourteen
school districts, and fifteen schools
in town
average length, for the
year, twenty-two weeks. Amount
annually appropriated for school
purposes, $ 3,386.64. Walpole has
been distinguished for its efforts to
promote the interests of education.
There is a school fund of $ 1,577.50.
The Walpole High School is a popular institution. Mr. C. R. Crowell is the principal.
Library. Walpole town library
has 1,500 volumes. The town appropriates annually $ 75 for expenses, and, for the purchase of
books, $ 100.
five churches, viz.
;
Hotels.
Wentworth House, and
at Drewsville, Cold River House.
Livery Stable. W. A. Maynard,
14 horses, valued at $ 2,000.
First Settlers.
granted, by the
Walpole was
government of
New-Hampshire,
February 16,
1752, to Colonel Benjamin Bellows
and sixty-one others. It was first
settled by John Kilburn and his
Colonel Bellows
settled here in 1757. His descendants are numerous and highly respected. The late Hon. Henry A.
Bellows, Chief Justice of NewHampshire, and one of the most
estimable men in the State, was a
family, in 1749.
native of this town. He died suddenly at his residence in Concord,
March
11,
was
Walpole
1873.
originally called " Great Falls," or
" Bellows
years of
Town." During the
its
first
settlement, the inhab-
were subjected to some of
the savage cruelties of the Indians
itants
and Canadians. The indomitable
bravery of Colonel Bellows and
John Kilburn, with the men under
their command, soon convinced the
Indians and their French allies,
own personal safety,
they had better give Walpole a
wide birth, in their vandal excur-
that, for their
We give
sions.
a few extracts in
relation to the troubles of the
first
with the savage hordes
sent upon them, by men who pretended to respect civilized warTo-day the French nation
fare.
are reaping their just reward, for
settlers
which
on the
of New-England.
the
cruelties
fathers inflicted
"
An
Philip,
their
fore-
first settlers
Indian by the name of
who had acquired sufficient
English to be understood, visited
the house of Mr. Kilburn in the
town of Walpole, in the spring of
1755, pretending to be on a hunting
excursion, and in want of food.
treated with kindness, and
flints, flour and other things were
He was
furnished him. After he had been
gone a short time, it was ascertained that the same Indian had
visited all the settlements on the
Connecticut river, about the same
time, and with the
same plausible
Kilburn being somewhat acquainted with Indian stratagem, suspected, (as it afterward
proved,) Philip to be a wolf in
Soon after, a
sheep's clothing.
friendly Indian, sent from Albany
by Governor Shirley, communica-
pretensions.
�NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER.
358
ted the startling intelligence, that
four or five hundred Indians were
the assistance and encouragement
of their companions, and, at the
collected in Canada, whose purpose it was to massacre all the
white inhabitants in Connecticut
valley. We will leave it for the
reader to imagine the terror in
the feeble white settlements, when
they learned of the impending calamity.
To forsake their homes,
their crops of grain, and their cattle, would be giving up
all for
which they had so diligently
toiled, and to oppose the savage
horde from Canada, was a hope-
same time, kept watch upon the
movements of the enemy.
In
But, accustomed to
less resort.
and dangers of
they determined to
protect themselves, or die in the
the
privations
frontier
life,
Kilburn and his men, with
cause.
their rude implements, strength-
ened their position with
fortifica-
tions, consisting of a palisado of
stakes driven into the ground.
"At the fort, about a mile south
of Ivilburn's house, were about
thirty
armed men, under command
of Col. Benjamin Bellows but he
could afford no protection to Kilburn while attending to his cattle
;
and
crops.
"The time
of the attack of the
Indians, no one could foresee nor
prevent, although the inhabitants
were
daily expecting their appear-
ance.
August
17, 1755,
as Kilburn,
young man of
eighteen, a man named Peak, and
his son, were returning from their
work, they discovered their expected and savage foes in an alder
his son John, then a
swamp.
They speedily ran
to the
house, secured the door, and made
preparations for an obstinate resis-
There Avere at this time in
the house, besides these four men,
Kilburn's wife and his daughter
tance.
Hitty,
who
contributed greatly to
about fifteen minutes the Indians
were seen crawling up a bank,
east of the house, and one hundred and ninety-seven were counted, as they crossed a footpath, one
by one; about the same number
remained in ambush near the
mouth of Cold river.
"The Indians thought it would
be best to way-lay and capture Col.
Benjamin Bellows and his men,
who, they had learned, were at
work in a mill about a mile east,
before attacking those who had
sought shelter in the log house.
As Bellows and his men, about
thirty, were returning home, each
with a bag of meal on his back,
their dogs began to bark and
show signs of the approach of the
enemy.
Bellows well knew the
intrigue of the Indians, and the
language of his dogs. Believing
that the Indians intended to form
an ambuscade, he acted accordingly.
The men were ordered to
throw down their meal, advance to
the rise, crawl up the bank, give
one whoop, and instantly drop into
This stratagem
the sweet fern.
resulted as he had expected. As
soon as the Indians heard the
whoop, they arose from their ambush, and formed a semi-circle
around the path Bellows was to
follow.
"His men
instantly
improved
the splendid opportunity afforded
them
for a shot.
This so thwarted
the plans and expectations of the
Indians, that they hastily fled to
the bushes, without firing a gun.
Bellows, judging them to be too
numerous for him. ordered his
�WARNER.
men
to retreat to the fort.
the Indians
made
Soon
their appearance
on the eminence east of Kilburn's
house, and Philip came forward,
and sheltering himself behind a
tree, summoned those in the house
to surrender, offering
them quar-
Quarter shouted the older
Kilburn, with a voice of thunder
that rang through every Indian
heart,
you black rascals, begone,
or we ll quarter you.' Philip then
returned to his companions, who
commenced the war-whoop, after a
ter
!'
'
;
'
1
few moments consultation. Kilburn was fortunate in obtaining
the first fire, before the smoke from
the enemy's guns obstructed his
aim. An Indian was seen to fall,
and Kilburn, judging from his size
and appearance, supposed him to
be Philip. The Indians kept up
359
velocity.
were
A number
made
to
of attempts
force
open
the
doors but the bullets within compelled them to abandon the rash
undertaking.
The manner in
which the Indians fought evidently evinced that they were not
insensible to the effect of Kil
burn's bullets.
"For the remainder of the day
until nearly sundown, the fight
was kept
up, but as the sun disappeared behind the western hills
war-whoop and the
sound of the guns died away in
the cry of the
By
silence.
this day's encounter,
the Indians were induced to return
Canada, and thus an effectual
check was put to the expedition,
and it is reasonable to conclude
that hundreds of the settlers were
saved from the horrors of an Indian
to
the work of destruction; some
were busily engaged in destroying
the hay and grain, and others fell
tylassacre".
to butchering the cattle, while a
in 1763
shower of
settled in 1767, died in 1813.
bullets continually rat-
tled against the house.
mated
It is esti-
that not less than four hun-
dred bullets were lodged in the
house at the first fire.
Kilbnrn
and his men were not idle. For
convenience in loading, their powder was poured into hats, and they
were prepared for a successful resistance or a glorious death. Although they had several guns in
the house, they were kept hot by
incessant firing; and having no
First Ministers.
grew
When
short, the
suspended
blankets from the roof of the
house, to catch the bullets of the
enemy, these were run into bullets and loaded by them, and sent
back to the Indians with equal
Rev. Thomas Fessenden,
mont.
Area, 24,331 acres.
Sixty miles southwest from Concord, and fourteen
north-west from Keene.
Railroad.
Cheshire Railroad
passes through this town in a
northerly and southerly direction.
Distances,
WARNER.
Merkimack County.
their stock of lead
women
;
Boundaries. North by Charlestown and Langdon, east by Alstead
and Surry, south by Surry and
Westmoreland, and west by Westminster and Rockingham, Ver-
ammunition to waste, special aim
was taken to have every bullet
count.
Rev. Jonathan
Leavitt settled in 1761, dismissed
Warner
one of the most important towns
in the county, both in agriculture
and manufactures.
The surface
is broken by hills, but the soil is
excellent, producing good crops
of wheat, corn, hay, &c. On some
is
�NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER.
360
located on
Warner
River, while
of the hills are large orchards and
is
line pastures.
tower far
above the spires of the village
the
River and Ponds. This town is
watered by Warner River, a
pleasant and rapid stream which
in Sunapee MounNewbury. From New-
takes
its rise
tains,
in
bury it passes through Bradford,
and enters Warner at the northwest corner, thonce running in a
south-easterly direction through
the town, separating it in nearly
two equal parts, and uniting with
the Contoocook River, in Hopkinton. In its passage through Warner,
it
stream,
a
receives
coming
considerable
from
Sutton.
This river produces many good
water privileges. There are four
ponds, viz. Tom, Bear, Bagley
and Pleasant Ponds.
Pleasant
Pond has no visible outlet or inlet,
though its banks are overflowed
in the driest season.
Its waters
are clear, deep, cold and abound
with a great variety of fish.
Elevations.
Kearsarge Moun-
hills,
on either
side,
churches. The main street extends along the upper bank of the
river for nearly a mile, and is well
shaded by the beautiful rock maple.
On this street are located
the churches,
schools,
stores,
banks, hotel, and many fine dwelling houses. Everything around
betokens an air of neatness, thrift
and the wealth of its inhabitants.
For a few years past, this village,
with the surroundings, have attracted the attention of many sum-
mer
tourists.
It is only about five
miles to the summit of Kearsarge,
which affords some of the finest
scenery in New-Hampshire. The
Kearsarge Mountain Road Company have constructed a new road
from the village nearly to the
summit, on the south-east side
of the mountain. About one half
mile from the summit, is a beautiful site for a Hotel, winch doubt-
mostly within the limits of the
town. Its sides are covered with
deep forests, while its summit is
be built ere long. From
very fine view of the
southern portion of the State, can
be obtained. When all these pro-
naked rock.
jected improvements are finished,
Minerals, &c. The rocks in this
town are gneiss and mica slate;
the latter containing beds of soap
of the important points in the State
tain, a lofty elevation, is situated
and lime stone.
The quarry
of
soap-stone is large and valuable.
The gneiss contains finely colored
pyrope garnets. There are several
peat bogs, one of which contains
twenty-two acres, and
is
twenty-
deep.
From this bog
have been dug, from various
depths, plainly showing imprints
five
feet
sticks
of beavers' teeth.
Summer
lage
Resorts.
Warner
Vil-
is one of the pleasantest in
the central portion of the State. It
less will
this point a
no doubt but Warner
for
summer
will be
one
tourists to visit.
Employments.
The inhabitants
are principally employed in farming; but manufacturing
portant and gi-owing
is
an im-
interest.
Warner River affords abundant
water-power in its passage through
the town. The different manufacturers have bought up the Blaisdell Pond flowage which will give
a large increase of staple waterpower. There is one woolen mill,
one straw-board mill, whose annual production is $ 75,000. 60,000
�WARNER.
clapboards, 650,000 shingles, and
1,375,000 feet of boards are annually
sawed; besides there are ex-
celsior mills, chair factories, grist
mill, tannery, bedsteads,
wooden
ware, card board, and carriage
hub manufactories. A large building has been erected this Summer
(1873) for the manufacturing of
and shoes. The total
of manufactured goods,
361
Ground was broken for the High
School building, in May, 1871, and
was dedicated the following
it
December. The first term opened,
December 4, under the instruction
of
Edmund C.
cipal,
Cole, A. B., as prin-
and Miss Helen E. Gilbert,
as preceptress.
Libraries.
Warner Social LiWarner High
volumes
sale boots
brary, 200
value
annually produced, is $212,000.
(See Tables.)
Resources.
Productions of the
soil, $164,172; mechanical labor,
$41,100; stocks, &c,
$53,400;
money at interest, $35,616; deposits in savings bank,
$ 131,225;
School Librai'y,150 volumes; and
Lemuel Willis' Library, over 400
volumes.
Kearsarge National
Baulcs.
Bank.
The Kearsarge Savings
Bank has been chartered. (See
stock
in
summer
trade,
tourists,
$ 28,593
$ 3,000
from
from
;
;
professional business, trade, etc.,
$
60,000.
Churches and Schools. CongreM. A. Gates, pastor
Methodist,
Baptist,
There are twentytwo school-districts and twentyfour schools.
Average length
of schools, for the year, sixteen weeks.
The late Franklin
Simonds, Esq., bequeathed to this
town, $ 20,000, for the endowment
of a High School. To this endowment, his widow, Mrs. Abigail K.
Simonds, subsequently added $5,
000.
For the erection of the High
School building, she also gave $ 5,
000; Messrs. Gilman A. Bean and
gational, Rev.
;
;
.
Samuel H. Dow, $2,098.52, each,
George Jones, C. G. Mc Alpine
and John E. Robinson, $ 250, each,
Reuben Clough, $20., Leonidas
Harriman and John C. Bean, $ 10.
each, and William K. Morrill,
$ 5. Several of the citizens gave
work amounting to $ 73.75, making
the whole expense of the building,
including
the
lot,
$9,992.04.
;
tables.)
Hotel.
Warner
Hotel.
First Settlement.
Warner was
granted by the government of
Massachusetts to deacon Thomas
Stevens and sixty-two others, in
1735, under the name of Number
One, and then New Amesbury. It
was afterwards regranted to sixty-
two persons, by the Masonian profrom which a controversy
arose, which was not finally settled
prietors,
1773.
The first settlement
was commenced in 1762, by David
Annis and his son-in-law, Reuben
Kimball.
It was
incorporated
until
under the present name, September 3, 1774.
On Sunday, SeptemTornado.
ber 9, 1821, at five o'clock P. M.,
one of the most terrific tornadoes
which ever occured in New-Hampshire, swept through the town,
leaving in its track, desolation and
death.
In this calamity, four
houses and seven barns, besides
out buildings, were totally demolished; five persons were killed,
and ten or fifteen severely wounded. Every tree, bush, stone wall
or board fence in its way, was
leveled with the ground.
�NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER.
362
First Ministers.
Rev. William
Kelly, Congregational, ordained in
1772; dismissed in 1801.
heads, gouges, and other
have been found there.
First Settlers.
relics
Warren was chai*-
North by Sutton,
Wilmot, Andover and Salisbury,
east by Salisbury and Webster,
south by Hopkinton and Henniker,
and west by Bradford and Sutton.
Area, 31,851 acres; improved land,
Joseph Patch,
a hunter, built his camp by Hurricane Brook, in 1767, and John
Mills, James Aiken, Joshua Copp,
and Ephraim True, with their fam-
20,792.
These men,
Boundaries.
Seventeen miles
Distances.
north of west from Concord.
Concord and Clarepasses through this
an easterly and westerly
Railroad.
mont Railroad
town, in
direction.
WARREJV.
Grafton County.
er,
Baker Riv-
called by the Indians the As-
quamchumauk, flows through this
town from north to south. Black
Brook, the Mikaseota, Berry, Merrill East Branch, Batchelder and
Patch Brooks are considerable
Glen
streams running into it.
ponds, Kelley pond, Wachipaukca
or Meader pond and Tarleton lake
are situated upon the boundaries.
These streams and ponds abound
in trout, and more than 50,000 in
number are caught yearly.
Warren is surrounded by lofty
Moosehillock, Indian
Moosilauke, on the north, being about 5,000 feet high. They
are all heavily wooded and wild
mountains.
name
game
is
plenty.
Many deer, bears,
wild cats, sables, minks, and foxes
are captured each year.
An Indian trail, the
Indians.
principal route of the Indians from
Merrimack valley to Coos and
Canada, followed up Black Brook,
and captives, in early provincial
times, often travelled it. In the
valley of Runaway Pond, was once
and arrow
an Indian village;
the
tered, July 14, 1763.
moved
town in 1768.
few years
got their supplies from Haverhill
and Plymouth, bringing them
ilies,
into
for the first
twenty miles home through the
woods on their backs.
Wild
beasts annoyed them very much,
and on winter nights wolves frequently put their noses against the
window pane of John Mills' cabin,
and looked in on the family seated
by the open fire place. Moose were
plenty, and Joseph Patch often
had twenty-five barrels of Moose
meat
in the cellar at once.
The
took an active part in
the revolution. Three of them,
first settlers
Capt. John Mills, jr. Capt. William Tarleton, and Capt. James
Aiken, commanding companies,
and in all about eighteen men, in
a population of less than one hundred served in the army. Joshua
Copp, jr. was this first child born
in town, John Marston was the
first man married, and John Mills
the first who died, he being killed
by the fall of a tree in 1779.
First Ministers.
Rev. Peter
Powers preached the first sermon
in Warren, but no minister was
settled until after 1799, when the
Methodists established a church.
The principal
Employments.
employment is agriculture, but
about six million feet of lumber
are annually manufactured and
sent to market. Window shades,
bobbins, and potato starch are
made, in large quantities.
�if
'
jjy__ "imi^M.
W
l
=
��WASHINGTON.
Summer Tourists. Many famtake summer boarders. The
ilies
Moosehillock House, kept by D.
G. Marsh, accommodating a large
number. An excellent turnpike,
by Daniel Q. Clement, runs
to the Prospect House on Moosehillock, and hundreds of people
built
visit
the
summit every season.
For many years James Clement
has been the landlord there, and
from his house is seen one of the
grandest mountain views on this
side of the
American continent.
Mines. On Ore hill is the Warren silver mine. Lead, copper and
zinc also abound, and gold in small
particles is found in all the streams.
Church and Schools.
Methodist, Rev. Wm, Eakins, pastor.
There are eleven schools, of which
two are graded. Average length
of schools, for the year, fifteen
weeks.
Railroad Facilities. The B., C.
& M. Railroad runs through the
town.
There are two stations,
Warren and Summit.
Boundaries.
North by Benton
and Woodstock, east by Woodstock
and Ellsworth, south by Wentworth, and west by Piermont.
Distances. Twelve miles from
Haverhill, sixty from Concord and
ninety from Portsmouth.
363
academy,
WASHINGTON.
church, school house, post-office,
manufactories,
grist mill, lumber mills, black-
bobbin and rake
smith shop, etc.
Rivers and Ponds. A branch of
Ashuelot River has its source in
Ashuelot Pond, also a branch of
Contoocook River has its source
from several small ponds in the
eastern part of the town. These
streams afford some very good
water power. There are sixteen
ponds the largest and most prom;
inent of which are Island, Half-
moon, Ashuelot, and Brockway's
Long Pond lying partly in
this town and partly in Stoddard,
is the largest body of water.
ponds.
.
deep, moist, and
but the
fertile,
soil is
and when
properly cultivated, produces fine
crops. Clay of superior quality is
found, also peat is plenty in the
swamps.
Villages.
Washington
Lovewell's
Mountains.
tain, so called
Moun-
on account of Cap-
tain Lovewell's killing several In-
dians near
its
summit,
lies in
the
southerly part of the town, and
is
the principal elevation.
Farming is the
employment of the in-
Employments.
principal
habitants, although manufacturing
on quite extensively.
dozen men's socks are manufactured, valued at $ 34,500 5,000
is
carried
10,000
;
350,000
hills,
man-
clapboards, 200,000 shingles, and
Sullivan Countt. The surface
of Washington is uneven and
broken with
post-office, hosiery
lumber mills, improved
turbine water wheel, and several
other small shops. At East Washington are two or three stores,
ufactory,
village is
pleasantly located. In this village
are several stores, hotel, church,
feet
of boards
&c,
are
sawed annually
4,000 boxes of
clothes pins, and 300 dozen rakes
are manufactured. An improved
;
turbine water-wheel
is
made here
also there are various other small
manufactories.
The total value
of manufactured goods, annually
produced, is $ 85,700. (See tables.)
Resources.
soil,
$57,319;
% 25,300
;
Productions of the
mechanical labor
stocks,
and money at
�NEW- HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER.
364
interest,
$
15,958; deposits in sav-
banks,
ings
$ 37,548
;
stock
in
trade, $12,517; professional busi-
ness,
$
15,000.
Churches and Schools.
Congregational Church, Rev. H. H. Colburn, pastor; at East Washington,
Meththe Baptist Church,
There are
odist Church,
Average
ten schools in town.
length of schools, for the year, sixteen weeks.
;
.
is
Shed Free Library,
Library.
600 volumes.
Lovel House.
"Washington
was granted by the Masonian proHotel.
Settlement.
First
prietors to
a dense forest of pine,
hemlock, maple, and birch and it is
one of the best regions for hunting
and fishing in the State. In her
forests now dwell the bear, deer,
and wild-cat, and in her crystal
streams, swim the spotted trout.
Rivers and Ponds.
Swift and
Mad rivers are the principal
streams.
There are two ponda
and several elevations.
Reuben Kidder,
In
Scenery.
many
parts of
Esq.,
Wa-
grand and
terville the scenery is
located here.
It is
now mostly
Tubbs Union Acad-
Academy.
emy
towns of New-Hampshire.
sublime.
All lovers of natural
scenery, in its true primitive state,
which man has never defaced, will
town hard to be excelled
New-Hampshire. Over three
hundred summer tourists annually
visit here.
They find a welcome
home at the Greeley House, where
every want is supplied, in shape
find this
in
and originally called Camden. It
was first settled by the grantee in
1768.
Incorporated under its present name, December 13, 1776.
First Minister.
Rev. George
of food for the inner man horses
guns, and fishing tackle for the
Leslie, (Congregational,) installed
sport.
in 1780
;
;
Boundaries and Area. North by
Goshen, east by Bradford, Hillsborough and Windsor, south by Stoddard, and west by Marlow and
Lempster.
Area,
30,765 acres
area of improved land, 11,964
acres.
Thirty-five
south-east from Newport.
By stage three times
Railroad.
a week to Hillsborough Bridge
station, twelve miles, on the Contoocook Valley Railroad. When
completed, the Windsor and Forest
Line Railroad, will pass
through this town.
$ 600
;
from
First Settlers.
granted
mechanical labor,
summer
tourists,
This town was
to Josiah
Foss, jr.,
and
Moses
June 29,
" Gillis and
Gillis,
others,
and was known as
Foss Grant." It was incorporated
July 1, 1829.
Boundaries. North by ungranted lands, east by Albany, south by
Sandwich, and west by Thornton.
Distances.
Sixty-eight miles
north from Concord, and eighteen
north-east from Plymouth.
Montreal Railroad,
Plymouth, thence by stage.
Railroad.
at
WEABE.
Grafton County.
Waterville
one of the wild mountainous
;
2,870
$6,000.
WATERVILLE.
is
$
tions,
1819,
miles
west from Concord, and sixteen
Distances.
Agricultural produc-
Resources.
died in 1800.
Hillsborough County. Weare
is
one of the most important and
�WEARE.
365
wealthy
farming towns in the
The
county.
The
goods, annually produced,
deep, and
is
strong and
generally well culsoil
is
and suitably adapted to
tivated
various productions usually
grown in the State. It exceeds
any town in the county, in the
quantity of corn and wheat raised
and but one other produces as
many apples. The locality of the
town is such that the inhabitants
are divided into precincts or
central points, consequently, there
are five post offices, for their
mail conveniences.
There are
the
many fine farms under
total
amount of manufactured
is
val-
There are eight
$ 290,300.
stores in town. (See tables.)
Productions of the
Resources.
soil, $192,399; mechanical labor,
$ 56,850 stocks, and bonds, $ 5, 100
ued
at
;
money
at interest, $16,950; depos-
in savings banks, $239,191;
stock in trade $41,168; from summer tourists, $ 6,000. There are
its
but few towns which show such
large resources, in proportion to
their population.
Churches and Schools.
There are
a high state
of cultivation, producing excellent
four Baptist, one Universalist, and
crops of corn, hay etc.
Rivers. The principal stream
sixteen schools; average length,
for the year, twenty-one weeks;
annual amount of money appropri-
is
two Friends churches.
There are
the north-west branch of the Piscataquoag River, which meanders
through the northerly and easterly section of the town, and affords
excellent water power, which is
ated for school purposes, $2,716.
" Clinton Grove Seminary"
is in this town
C. H. Jones is the
principal. There is one small pub-
generally impi oved
lic
-
by mills, of
93.
;
Slimmer Tourists. The surface
is broken with hills and vales, and
in
many
Library.
Collins
Hotels.
various kinds.
sections there
is
some
House,
and
Deai-born House.
First
Settlements.
The Maso-
nian proprietors granted this town
about two hundred
from various sections of
the country, stop here through the
Ichabod Robie and others,
September 20, 1749. It was originally called Halestown, but was
incorporated September 21, 1764,
and received its present name in
honor of Hon. Meshech Weave.
First Minister. Rev. John Clay-
warm
ford settled in 1802
very
fine
scenery,
which has
at-
tracted the attention of tourists,
who spend
their
summer
in this thriving town.
mated
vacation
It is esti-
that
tourists,
season of the year.
Employmcjits.
The inhabitants
are generally devoted to the cultivation of the soil, but the
manu-
factures are quite important, and
valuable resources, as to the prosThere are
the town.
one cotton mill, one woolen mill,
two shoe manufactories, one organ
box manufactory, one furniture
manufactory, wheel-wright shop,
tannery, grist and saw mills &c.
perity of
to
;
dismissed in
1808.
Boundaries. North by Hennikev and Hopkinton, east by Dunbavton and Goffstown, south by
New-Boston, and west by Francestown and Deering. Area, 33,648
area of improved land, 23,
acres
;
392 acres.
Distances.
Fifteen miles south-
west from Concord, and eighteen
north-west from Manchester.
�NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER.
366
The terminus of the
and North Weare
Rtiilroads
Manchester
chair stock, peg mill, grist mill,
leather board manufactory, black-
Railroad is in this town. There
are three stations. There is also
a daily milk train riming from
North Weare to Boston, and during the summer, Sundays; which
offers great inducements for those
who wish to follow the milk
smith, carpenter, etc.
business.
trade,
WEBSTER.
Merrimack County. Webster
was taken from the western portion
Total value
of goods manufactured, is $64,000.
Agricultural proResources.
mechanical
ductions, $101,628;
labor,
$
15,200
at interest,
and money
stocks,
;
$
13,487;
deposits in
savings banks, $62,766;
$
Churches and
tian,
Edward
ChrisCongregational,
Buxton, pastor;
Schools.
;
Rev.
stock in
4,800.
of Boscawen, and incorporated under its present name, July 3, 1860.
The surface is uneven, but the
soil is strong and deep, producing
Methodist, George Wood, pastor.
There are eight schools in town.
Average length of schools, for the
year, eighteen weeks.
For First Settlements. See Bos-
excellent crops of corn, wheat and
cawen.
hay.
It is
Boundaries.
noted for the fine qual-
by
North
Salis-
and abundance of its apples.
Ponds and Rivers. Long Pond is
about two miles in length, and half
a mile in width. Blackwater River passes through the whole extent
bury, east by Boscawen, south by
of the town, in a southerly direc-
from Concord.
and furnishes some excellent
water power.
Courser Hill is quite an elevation, but is capable of cultivation
to its top, with quite a little settlement on it. There is a church,
school-house, store, post-office and
about fifteen or twenty dwellings.
The views obtained from this hill,
are extensive and very fine.
Employments. The inhabitants
are largely engaged in agriculture,
but there is some manufacturing
Railroads.
Six miles to Boscawen, on the Northern Railroad.
ity
tion,
carried
on.
6,439 bushels corn,
pounds butpounds cheese, and apples to the value of $ 6,000, are annually produced;
115,000 clapboards, 400,000 shingles and laths,
1,225,000 feet of boards and dimension timber sawed, valued at $24,
200 besides, there are carriage and
2,497 tons hay, 25,475
ter, 10,744
;
Concord and Hopkinton, and west
by Warner. Area of improved
land, 11,687 acres.
Distances.
Fourteen miles north
WEJITWORTH.
Grafton County. The surface
is
is
moderately uneven, but the soil
generally good, and that in the
is exceedingly
producing excellent crops.
Rivers and Ponds. Baker's River flows through the town and is
vicinity of the rivers
fertile,
the principal stream.
a
On
this riv-
of considerable height,
affording splendid water privileges.
The south part is watered by the
south branch of Baker's River,
er, is
fall
which joins the main branch near
Rumney
Baker's Pond, sitline.
uated partly in Orford and partly
in this town, is the largest sheet
of water. Pond Brook is the outlet
which
affords
water
sufficient
�WENTWORTn'S LOCATION
several valuable mill sites.
Mountains. Part of Carr's Moun-
for
tain
is
situated in the easterly part,
while a portion of Mount Cuba
rises in the westerly section of the
town.
The
Minerals.
named
last
mountain contains inexhaustible
quantities of the best limestone.
Granite of a fine quality is found
at the base of Carr's mountain, also
Iron ore is found in various parts
of the town.
The
falls,
situated
village,
near the
contains several stores, postand is a thriving and
office etc.,
industrious place.
Employments.
Most of the
in-
habitants are engaged in agriculture. The lumber business is carried on quite extensively. 25,000
clapboards, 965,000 shingles, and
5,900,000 feet of boards are
ally
sawed;
also gloves
40,000 cigars
annumade,
and mittens are man-
ufactured in considerable quantiTotal value of manufactured
ties.
production $ 97,700.
Productions of the
Resources.
$ 83,645 mechanical labor,
$ 25,000 stocks, and money at interest, $ 6,070 deposits in savings
soil,
;
—-WESTMORELAND.
367
North
Boundaries and Area.
by Warren, east by Rumney, south
by Dorchester, and west by Orford.
Area, 23,040 acres improved land,
;
10,307 acres.
By
Distances.
railroad, fifteen
miles north-west from Plymouth,
and about sixty-five miles northnorth-west from Concord.
The Boston, ConRalroads.
cord and Montreal Railroad passes
through the town.
WESTWORTH'S LOCATION
Coos County. This location is
bounded north by Dixville and
ungranted lands, east by Maine
line and Umbagog Lake, south by
Umbagog Lake and Errol and west
by Dixville.
In 1870, there were 38 inhabitants, 575 acres of improved land,
5 horses, 67 cattle, 28 sheep and 6
swine. The value of agricultural
productions was $6,098.
The Margallaway River passes
through the eastern portion of the
In some parts the soil
location.
is good, producing fair crops of
corn, potatoes and hay.
VESTmORELAND.
;
;
banks, $20,723;
$19,755; from
stock
summer
trade,
in
tourists, $8,
000; professional business, $12,000.
Churches and Schools.
gational Church, Rev.
Congre-
David
S.
There are thirteen school districts in town aver-
Hibbard, pastor.
;
age length, for the year, twelve
weeks.
Hotel. " Union House."
This town
John Page, a few
years prior to the Revolution, and
incorporated November 1, 1776.
First
Settlements.
was granted
First
to
Minister.
Rev.
S. Davis, settled in 1833.
Increase
Cheshire County.
Westmore-
land is considered one of the best
farming towns in the State. The
surface is less varied by hills, valleys and mountains, than that of
On the
the neighboring towns.
Connecticut there are some very
The soil of
fine interval farms.
the uplands"
is
good, and
easily
cultivated.
Streams.
The town
is
well
watered by small streams which
empty
The
into the Connecticut.
one which
rises in Spafford
in Chesterfield, affords
Lake,
some of the
best water privileges, in town.
�NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER.
368
Employments.
Agriculture is
the principal employment of the
inhabitants,
ward
who
receive a rich re-
for their labor.
No
class of
people in the State are more prosperous and happy than the farmers
of Westmoreland. There are several small manufactories.
About
200,000 shingles,
and 500,000
feet
annually sawed,
chair stuff to the value of $14,000
is annually sawed out.
(See tables
of manufactories.)
Resources.
Productions of the
soil, $148,139; mechanical labor,
$12,600; stocks and bonds, $15,
400; money at interst, $66,371;
deposits in savings banks, $ 145,
boards are
of
581;
stock in trade $ 17,600
summer
tourists,
fessional business,
Summer
;
$4,000;
$
from
pro-
12,000.
Owing
Resorts.
to its
on the beautiful Connecticut, this town is drawing quite
a number of tourists to spend their
fine situation
summer
vacation among its hills
City people, who wish
to retire from the bustle and noise
of our great cities for quiet recreation and rest in the country, to
breathe its free, fresh air for a
and
vales.
few weeks, will find that Westmoreland will offer as many inducements for truly hospitable
country life, as any other town in
the county.
Churches and Schools. First and
second Congregational, Revs. L.
Fowler and
J.
Barber, pastors;
Christian, Rev. J. Clafflin, pastor
Rev. Joseph Barber,
There are thirteen schools
in town. Average length, for the
was called Greawas incorporated un
present name, February 11,
afterwards
Mfeadow.
der
its
1752.
it
It
First settled
by four fami-
lies in 1741.
Indians.
The Indians several
times attacked the early settlers.
In one of their visits, William
Phips, the first husband of Jemima How, was killed; on another
time Jeremiah Phips, father of her
first husband, was taken captive
and carried
into
Canada, where he
died.
First Ministers.
Rev. William
Goddard, ordained in 1764; dismissed in 1775 Rev. Allen Pratt,
;
dismissed in 1827.
Boundaries. North by Walpole,
east by Surry and Keene, south by
Chesterfield, and west by Putney,
settled in 1790;
Vermont.
Area
Distances.
22,466 acres.
Sixty miles
south-
west from Concord, and ten west
from Keene.
Railroad.
The Cheshire Railroad passes through the north-east
portion of the town, where there is
a station.
WHITEFIELD.
Coos County.
No town in
the county has made more rapid
progress, for the past four years, in
business, wealth and population,
than Whitefield. The surface is
uneven, and broken by hills, but the
soil is good, producing excellent
crops of corn, oats, barley, potatoes and hay. Some of the best
farms in the county are here.
agricultural products, to each
acre of improved land in town,
are valued at $ 13.80; the average
in the county is $ 10.77.
Ponds and River. Blake's, Long,
Round, and Little River Ponds,
Unitarian
hill
pastor.
The
year, sixteen weeks.
Hotel.
First
was
Valley Hotel.
Settlers.
Westmoreland
granted by Massachusetts
under the name of Number Two;
first
are the principal bodies of water.
�WHITEFIELD
John's River has its rise in Jefferson and Carroll and passes through
this town in a westerly direction,
thence west through Dalton, and
discharges its waters into the Connecticut. In its passage, it furnishes some good water power.
L.
369
& W.
planing,
G.
Brown &
Co., lumber,
matching and grooving,
situated
$370,000; Messrs. Brown & Co.
have the largest lumber establishment in the State. Their mill has
two roofs, but the buildings are all
open, and connected
it is about
250 feet long, and 160 feet wide.
on John's River, and on the line
of the White Mountain Extension
of the Montreal Railroad. It is
growing quite rapidly, and is the
Their motive power is three locomotives of 200-horse power, and
one water wheel with 140-horse
power. When there is sufficient
Village.
seat
of
The
village
is
business.
considerable
There are two church
large graded
one
with
edifices,
school-house,
three departments, two grist-mills,
two lumber mills, one sash and
blind shop, one pail mill, wool
carding and planing mill, printing
office, ten or twelve stores, of all
kinds, one good hotel, one lawyer,
three physicians, about 125 dwelling houses, and 700 inhabitants.
There are some nice private resiand, twenty-five years
dences,
hence, many of the streets will be
The views,
beautifully shaded.
from this village, of the mountains
in Carroll and Jefferson, are very
fine:
The
Employments.
;
water, this wheel will carry nearly all of the
The
machinery
in the mill.
railroad passes along by the
side of the mill,
where the lumber
loaded on to the cars to be transported to Boston, or to other secis
and to their
lumber sheds, which are three in
number, and each 150 feet in
tions of the country,
length.
In and around the mill, they employ about 120 hands. There are
two large circular saws, for sawing boards and timber, one gate
saw for sawing long timber three
shingle machines, two power edgers, one large planer for matching
and grooving, three small planers,
;
inhabitants
one Daniels
are largely engaged in lumber
business, although farming is an
important branch. Three potato
large timber,
starch mills annually manufacture
starch to the value of $ 19,400 one
job print'ng office, $1,000; Snow &
Pillsbury, doors, sash and blinds,
$10,000; Libbey & White, wool
carding, $2,000; Smith & Walker,
grist-mill, flour and meal, $ 20,300
A. L. & W. G.Brown & Co., meal,
$ 6,000 Quimby & AUard, lumber,
G. W. & N. W. Libbey,
$ 12,000
lumber, $ 16,000 L. D. & L. T. Hazen, lumber, $ 25,000
Burns &
Brooks, lumber, $ 35,000
Charles
Libbey & Co., lumber, $ 50,000 A.
;
;
;
;
;
;
;
1
planer for dressing
two saws for cutting
off logs, two trimming saws for
trimming boards and planks, and
two slab saws. This mill is now
(1873,) daily sawing 40,000 feet of
long timber, 14,000 shingles, 1,000
clapboards, 35,000 laths, and planing and matching 10,000 feet of
long timber, making the annual
production 12,000,000 feet long
timber
4,200,000 shingles, 300,000
clapboards, and 10,500,000 laths;
the whole being valued at $350,
;
They also annually cut and
masts and spars to the value of
$ 20,000. The labor is all done on a
systematic plan, and everything
000.
sell
�NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER.
370
connected with the mill, from the
rolling of the logs into the pond, to
the loading the lumber on the cars
moves
like clock work. Every man knows
for
his
its
final
destination,
place and duty,
responsible
for
and
doing
is
his
held
part
of the work when offered to him,
and delivering it to the next man,
when required. The two men
who have charge of the two large
circular saws, and wield their
cant-hooks as skilfully as the marriner moves his tiller, which
safely guides his bark along our
rock bound coast, are the pendulums which move the work of the
whole mill. If they neglect to do a
good day's work, every man in the
establishment falls short accordingly. Messrs. Browns fully appreciate the services of such men,
and, doubtless, no men in NewHampshire, for doing rough and
heavy work, receive larger pay,
and no men more richly deserve it.
In order to keep the machinery
of this establishment constantly in
repair, there is, connected with it,
a wood shop, machine shop and
blacksmith shop. To guard against
fire,
there
is
a large force pump,
one of the No. 1 Amoskeag steam
fire engines, and 1,500 feet of hose.
The timber fields which feed
their establishment,
are situated
principally in the towns of Carroll
and Jefferson, in one unbroken
lot and contain 26,000 acres. They
have a railroad extending from
their mill into their lumber lands,
eleven miles. The rolling stock
of this road is two first class engines and thirty-two cars, made
expressly for their business. Besides the help of their railroad, in
the winter they employ two hundred men, forty pairs of oxen, and
ten spans of horses. They have a
grist-miil to grind their meal, and
have now on hand over 7,000 bushels of corn.
The timber on their
lot is about one third pine, and the
larger portion of the remainder
spruce.
is
It will require
years
forty
to
clear
about
this
lot
once over, at their present rate
of doing business. At their mills,
lumber lots, building railand erecting dwellings for
their emploj'ees, they employ, on
an average, about two hundred
and fifty men, who annually receive
for their labor § 131,000. The capin the
roads,
invested in their business, including lumber lots, is about
ital
$ 300,000.
The total amount of long timber
annually sawed in town is 19,900,
000 feet. The value of this timber,
together with the planing, matching and grooving, clapboards, shingles
and
laths, is $472,500.
town (including the
tures in the
lumber
The
manufac-
total capital invested in
business)
$440,000;
is
number of hands employed,
325;
annual pay roll, $ 171,350, with an
annual value of manufactured
production of $ 554,000.
Agricultural
Resources.
ductions,
•$
102 750
labor, § 171,350;
$
est,
17,250
banks, $ 750
;
;
money
deposits
pro-
mechanical
at inter-
in savings
stock in trade, $ 49,
from summer tourists, S 4,000;
professional business $ 30,000.
Churches and Schools.
Methodist,
Rev. William C. Tanson,
Freewill Baptist, Rev. G.
pastor
H. Pinkham, pastor. There are
850
;
;
;
ten schools in town, two of which
are graded; average length, for
the year, sixteen weeks.
Whitefield Library
Library.
Association, 400 volumes.
�WILMOT.
Hotels.
Whitefield House, and
The latter is kept
Dodge House.
open only in the Summer.
First Settlements.
The
first set-
tlement was commenced here
ahout 1774, by Major Burns and
The town was
December 1, 1804.
others.
ated
incorpor-
371
Springfield, and affords many good
water privileges in AVilmot.
Mountain. The summit of Kearsarge Mountain forms the southern boundary.
The Winslow
House, on this mountain, and the
most popular summer hotel in
New-Hampshire,
central
is
located
in this town.
North by Lancaster, east by Jefferson and Carroll,
south by Carroll and Bethlehem,
and west by Dalton and Lancaster.
Area, 20,800 acres area of improv-
Minerals.
Felspar, of an excel-
lent quality,
and which has been
ed land, 7,450 acres.
beryls and crystals of mica.
Distances.
One hundred and
twenty-five miles north from Con-
is
.
Boundaries.
;
and twelve south-east from
Lancaster.
Besides the MonRailroads.
which passes
treal Extension,
through the town, it is expected
the Portland and Ogdensburg Railroad, when completed, will also
pass through.
cord,
wiohot.
Merrimack
County.
This
town is composed of hills and
valleys and presents a rough surface. The pasturage is suitable
The Ullage land is
rocky, but, when properly cultivated, produces fair crops.
The
Fourth New-Hampshire Turnpike,
for sheep.
from Concord to Hanover, passed
through this town, and before the
days of railroads, was the great
thoroughfare for travel, from the
Connecticut River, through Concord, to Boston. But the times of
the rattling stage coaches and the
dull click of six and eight horse
baggage wagons, as they moved
through Wilmot, are far in the
past, and stories of those days are
as a romance to the youth of to-day.
The Blackwater River
Rivers.
has its sources in this town and
successfully used in the manufac-
ture of teeth,
found hero, also
is
At Wilmot Flat there
quite a business and pleasant
Village.
There is a post office,
one church edifice, a large school
house, two stores, a large tannery
one hosiery manufactory, lumber
mills, tailor, carpenter, blacksmith
shops, etc., besides some fifty dwelvillage.
ling houses.
Farming is the
employment of the in-
Employments.
principal
habitants, although the
manufac-
considerable and valuaThe value of woolen hose
ble.
and other woolen goods, annually
turing
is
made, is over $30,000; leather
tanned, $ 40,000 100,000 shingles,
and 1,500,000 boards and dimension timber sawed, besides various
other small shops.
The value of
goods, of all kinds, annually man;
mactured,
is
about $96,300.
(See
tables.)
Resources.
Agricultural produc-
tions, $97,278;
$
15,
450;
100
;
money
deposits
mechanical labor,
at interest, $ 15,
in
banks,
savings
$ 36.970; stock in trade, $ 13,125.
Churches and Schools. Congregational, Rev. C. B. Tracy, pastor;
Methodist, Elder C. E. Trussell,
pastor; Union,
Freewill Baptist. Rev. J. A. Knowles,
pastor. There are fifteen schools
;
�NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER.
372
in town, two of which are graded.
Average length of schools for the
East
year, eleven weeks.
large manufacturing village.
Hotel.
First
Winslow House.
Settlement. This town was
originally called
Kearsarge,
and
was granted to Joseph Minot, Matthew Thornton and others, in 1775.
received its present name from
Dr. Wilmot, an Englishman, who,
at one time, was considered a popular author. It was incorporated
It
June
18, 1807.
Boundaries. North-east by Dan-
by Andover,
Warner and Sutton,
south-west by New-London, and
Area
north-west by Springfield.
of improved land, 15,775 acres.
bury and
south by
Hill, east
Thirty miles north-
Distances.
grown
Wilton, where there has
up, within a few years, a
Here
are three woolen manufactories,
large tannery, fancy boxes, and
portable desk factory, furniture
shop, boot and shoe factory, large
lumber and grist mill, besides
shops for the manufacture of wooden ware and toys, custom boots
and shoes, clothing &c. For the
past three years, East Wilton has
met with several financial reverses,
caused by flood,
and mis-
fire,
management in some of its manufactories. About three years ago,
a flood on the Souhegan carried
away a
mill, valued at $40,000;
a year later, the Wilton Manufacturing Co. lost their mill by fire
and the Newell Manufacturing
Co., are not in operation at pres-
west from Concord.
Railroad. The Northern Railroad passes through the eastern
corner of the town. It is two and
ent, (August 1873).
New mills are
being erected on the site of those
one-half miles to Potter Place sta-
burnt, the financial affairs of the
tion, in
Andover.
other mill are being adjusted, and
before another year, the manufacturing facilities of this village,
WILTON.
Hillsborough County.
surface
is
The
generally uneven, but
not mountainous.
The soil is
strong and of an excellent quality,
producing fine crops of grain and
hay.
The Hillsborough county
farm is located here, which proves
that the town contains soil of a superior grade. Clay of a good quality is found in abundance.
River and Village. Souhegan is
the
principal
river.
Its
main
be far ahead of what they
were prior to the flood and fire.
With these explanations, we shall
give the manufactories of Wilton
as they were rendered in the census of 1870
and no doubt within
one year from date, their manufacwill
;
tured productions will exceed that
of 1870 by more than S 100,000.
There are in this village from fifteen
to
twenty stores of
hotels, a bank,
all kinds, two
two churches, large
branch enters Wilton near the
school house, post
south-west corner, and flows in
and express
a north-east course, till it forms
a junction with several streams
running from Temple and Lyndeborough. Thence it flows through
the north part, and furnishes
some valuable water power at
two dentists, and
about one hundred and fifty dwelling houses. At West Wilton, there
are two stores, one hotel, school
house, post office, knob factory
and a number of dwelling houses.
office,
office,
three physicians,
telegraph
one
lawyer,
�WILTON.
The business is
Employments.
nearly equally divided between
agriculture
and manufacturing.
With the exception of Bedford, the
milk exceeds that of any
sale of
town
being over 200,
A milk car
starts from this town for Boston,
every morning, under the management of D. Whiting and Sons.
The manufactories of various
kinds, annually produce goods, as
follows
Newell Manufacturing
Co., 300,000 pounds woolen yarn for
carpets, valued at $ 150,000 Wilton
Manufacturing Co.; 486,500 pounds,
$232,700; Robert Dawson, carpets,
in the State,
000 gallons annually.
:
;
$
189,600 yards,
80,000.
Wilton
al-
so annually produces 27,000 bush-
meal and flour, $ 35,000
carts, and wagons, $ 5,200
els
;
toys,
;
furni-
8 50,000 A. J. Putnam & Co.,
upper leather and splits, $ 35,000
125,000 shingles and 1,100,000, feet
ture,
;
American Silex
cheese factory,
sale boots and shoes,
$2,500;
$25,000; besides blacksmiths, tin
ware, coopering, tailors, milliners,
boards, $23,300;
$25,000;
Co.,
carpenters, masons, painters, and
other kinds of trade. The capital
invested in manufactories is $319,
employing 178 males, and
and annually producing goods to the value of
$ 695,300.
500;
116
females,
Resources.
tions,
$
Agricultural produc-
132,392;
mechanical labor,
$112,760; stocks and money at interest^ 20,750 deposits in savings
banks, $ 154,960
stock in trade,
;
;
$ 52,750
professional
;
$75,000;
from summer
business,
tourists,
This town has become
quite popular as a summer resort
for tourists. The Whiting House,
one of the largest hotels in the
$
15,000.
State,
was
built
largely for
the
373
purpose
of
summer
keeping
boarders.
Baptist,
Churches and Schools.
Rev. S. C. Fletcher, pastor; Congregational, Rev. D. F. Adams,
pastor; Unitarian, Rev. I. S. Lincoln, A. M. Pendleton, pastors.
There are thirteen schools in town,
four of which are graded average
length, for the year, twenty-four
weeks total value of school housannual amount apes, $ 10,505
;
;
;
propriated
school
for
purposes,
$3,117.39.
Wilton Public Libravolumes.
Wilton Savings Bank.
Bank.
Library.
ry, 1,200
(See tables.)
Hotels.
road House
House.
Whiting House, Railat West Wilton, Fry
;
First Settlement,
The
first
set-
tlement was made as early as
1738,
by three families from
Danvers, Mass. two by the name
of Putnam, and one by the name
Hannah, the daughof Dale.
ter of Ephraim Putnam, was the
Septemfirst child born in town.
ber 7, 1773, while the people were
attempting to raise their second
church edifice, the frame fell, and
:
men were instantly killed;
two died of their wounds soon afterward, and a number of others
were badly injured. July 20, 1804,
the same building was consideraIn
bly shattered by lightning.
Samuel Abbott
1815, Ezra and
three
erected the first potato starch mill
here, and the first ever built in the
State. Their first town Fair or
was holden about
was something new, and
Cattle Show,
1826.
It
was well represented by people
from
all
Among
as
the
adjoining
towns.
the visitors were such
men
Hon. C. G. Atherton, Gov. Ben-
�NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER.
374
jarnin
Pierce,
and other
President
dignitaries.
Pierce,
The town
June 25, 1762,
and derived its name from Wilton,
a manufacturing district in Eng-
Avas incorporated,
land.
First Ministers.
The
first
church
organization was effected, and the
Rev. Jonathan Livermore was ordained, as its pastor, in 1763. He
was dismissed in 1777, and died in
Rev. Abel Fisk settled in
Rev. Thomas
Beede settled in 1803 dismissed in
1809.
1778; died in 1802.
;
Boundaries.
North by Lyndeborough, east by Lyndeborough and
Milford, south by Mason, and west
by Temple. Area, 15,2S0 acres
area of improved land, 10,391 acres.
Distances.
Forty miles southwest from Concord, nine south-
west from Amherst, and fifteen
miles from Nashua.
Railroads. The Wilton Railroad
extends from Nashua to this town.
This season, (1873) a railroad is
being built from this road to Greenfield, and thence being extended to
Peterborough to form a junction
with the Monadnock Railroad.
These extensions will open railroad communications with the
southwestern section of the State.
WINCHESTER.
Cheshire County. Winchester
ranks in population, wealth, and
in the value of manufactured productions, as the second town in the
The
surface
is
various.
In the southern part it is quite level, while other portions are more
uneven.
On either side of the
intervals,
Ashuelot are broad
which are very fertile, producing
grass in abundance.
The soil on
the uplands is generally good,
when
til-
Ponds and Rivers. Humphrey's
Pond, in the north-east part of the
town, is 300 rods long and 80 rods
wide, and the largest body of water.
The Ashuelot River passes
through the town, in a south-westerly direction. In its passage, it
furnishes very extensive water
power, much of it being improved.
It receives the waters of Muddy
and Broad brooks, and several
smaller streams.
Villages.
1829.
county.
yeilding excellent crops,
led properly.
There are two vilon the Ashue-
lages, both situated
doing considerable business,
lot,
Ashuelot and
Winchester.
is the smallest, but is extensively engaged in manufacturviz.
Ashuelot
ing.
There are two
stores, school
and about
dwelling houses. Winchester
Village is very pleasant, with
wide, shaded streets and many fine
dwelling houses. There are three
churches, one large graded school
house, two banks, lawyers, physician and dentist offices, and over
one hundred dwelling houses,
Employments. The inhabitants
are nearly equally divided behouse, post
office, hotel,
fifty
tween manufacturing and agriculIt ranks in its agricultural
productions as the fifth town in
the county.
There are three
woolen manufactories, winch annually manufacture 278,000 yards
Union Beaver and other woolen
cloths valued at §368,800; 43,000
grey horse blankets, §118,000; six
ture.
lumber
mills,
manufacturing
boards, staves, shingles and trun-
valued at §72,600; one tantwo fancy box
§ 75,000
mills, § 28,000 one box mill, § 10,
000 grist mill, § 14,000 bedsteads,
nels,
nery,
;
;
;
;
§6,000; carriages, §5,000; machine
�WINDHAM.
besides blacksmith
shop, §4,000;
and shoe shops, harnesses, photographers, tailors, carpenters,
sons,
and a few other
The
397,000,
of
all
kinds
is
employing 252 males and
who
annually receive
for their labor, §158,000. and annually
manufactured
produce
goods to the value of $741,400.
There are two lawyers, five physicians, one dentist, and various oth105 females,
er professions.
Resources.
soil,
$
§5
136,784;
name
the
Productions of the
mechanical labor,
and money at in-
158.000; stocks
July
of Arlington.
2,
was granted by NewHampshire to Josiah Willard, who
1753,
it
settled here in 1732.
trades.
Capital invested in
total
manufactories
$
ma-
375
In
1746, the
town was sacked by the Indians,
and the church edifice was burned,
with all the private residences,
and the inhabitants were obliged
to seek safety in older and moie
They did not
secure settlements.
return to resume the settlement
In the sumfor nearly five years.
mer of 1756, Josiah Foster and his
family were taken prisoners by
the Indians,
Efforts
to.
were made at one time
Dartmouth College in
locate
§84,598; deposits in savbanks. §65,135;
stock in
trade, §81,142; professional busi-
this
ings
town, but the project was
abandoned, owing to the powerful
opposition made by Josiah Wil-
ness, §42,000.
lard, the principal landholder.
Churches and Schools. Congregational, Rev. Elijah Harmon,
pastor; Methodist, Rev. Anson C.
Coult, pastor; Universalist, Rev.
Ashley, Congregational, ordained
in 1736, dismissed in 1747; Rev.
Micah Lawrence, ordained in 1764,
terest,
Mr. Foster, pastor; Catholic,
There are twenty-three
schools, three of which are graded. Average length of schools, for
.
the year, eighteen weeks.
Num-
—
ber of scholars girls, 301; boys,
Total value of school houses,
§ 18,300. Total amount annually
appropriated for school purposes,
There is a public high
§ 3.338.65.
school, having two terms a year.
The town appropriates § 1,000 annually for this purpose.
Washington Library
Library.
Association, 1,200 volumes.
Banks.
Winchester National
Bank, and the Ashuelot Savings
Bank. (See tables.)
290.
Winchester House and
Ashuelot House.
Winchester
First Settlements.
was originally granted by the Government of Massachusetts under
First Ministers.
.
Rev.
Joseph
dismissed in 1777; Rev. Ezra Conant, settled in 1788, dismissed in
1806.
North by Chester*
and Swanzey, east by Swanzey and Richmond, south by Warwick, Massachusetts, and west by
Boundaries.
field
Area,
Hinsdale.
Area of improved
33,534
acres.
land,
13,964
acres.
Distances.
Sixty-five
miles
south-west from Concord, and
thirteen south-west from Keene.
Railroad. The Ashuelot Railroad passes through the town, in a
south-westerly and north-easterly
direction, giving it good railroad
facilities.
WIJiBHAM.
Hotels.
Rockingham County. The soil
generally good, yielding fair
crops of corn, oats and hay.
Rivers and Ponds. Beaver River
is
�NEAY-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER.
376
is
the principal stream,
there
is
and
Golden
Cabot's,
Policy,
Mitchel's ponds are the principal
collections of water.
The larger porEmployments.
tion of the people are
engaged in
The value
of shoes
annually manufactured is $35,000.
There is a small woolen mill in
town, and 1,500,000 feet of lumber
are sawed, annually.
Annual productions
Resources.
of the soil, §65,619; from mechanagriculture.
ical labor,
ings
$
10,300
banks,
hand or
deposits in sav-
;
$31,422;
money on
$ 19,060; stock
$ 14,012.
Churches and Schools. The Presbyterian Church, formed in 1747,
is the only one ever organized in
town. The church edifice is valued at $ 10,000. There are seven
at interest,
in trade,
Average
schools.
schools,
for
the
length
year,
of
twenty
Libraries.
The Nesmith Libra-
was established
in 1871,
and
now
Has 1,835 volumes. Sunday School
Library has 300 volumes.
First
was
Hillsborouh County.
sor
Wind-
a small township of less than
is
100 inhabitants.
The surface is
varied with hills and vales. The
soil is deep, strong and well adapted to grain, grass, &c.
P<yid and Streams. Black Pond
is
the principal collection of water
There are no streams of
any note.
Employment.
Farming is the
in town.
principal
habitants,
employment of the
who
in-
are as prosperous
and happy as any farming community in the State.
Agricultural
Resources.
uct,
$15,304;
$ 5,588
money
mechanical labor, $
;
prod-
at interest,
1,000
deposits in savings banks, $3,837;
stock in trade, $ 450.
There
School.
school
in
this
is one
public
town. Average
length of school, for the year, sixteen weeks.
Organization.
Windsor
originally called " Campbell's
First
weeks.
ry
WINDSOR.
upon which
meadow land.
considerable
Settlements.
Windham
originally a part of
derry, from
which
it
London-
was severed,
and incorporated in 1739.
Boundaries. North by Londonderry, east by Salem, south by Pelham, and west by Hudson and LonArea, 15,744 acres.
Thirty-three miles
south from Concord, and twenty
south-west from Exeter.
donderry.
Distatices.
Railroads.
Manchester
was
Gore," and was incorporated under
present name, Dec. 27, 1798.
Boundaries.
North-east and
east by Hillsborough, south by
Antrim, west by Stoddard, and
north-west by Washington. Area
its
of improved land, 2,604 acres.
Distances.
Railroad.
and
WOLFEBOSiODGil.
Lawrence Railroad
depot is 2£
miles from the center of the town-;
The Nashua and Rochester Railroad, now being built, passes
through the town also the Nashua
and Plaistow, if built.
;
Thirty miles south-
west from Concord, and twentyseven north-west from Amherst.
Railroad. Six miles by stage to
Hillsborough Bridge railway station, on the Contoocook Valley
Carroll County.
rough
is
the largest and
Wolfebomost im-
portant town in Carroll county,
both in wealth and population. It
ranks in wealth, as the twentieth,
—
�WOLFEBOROUGH.
and
377
Village.
Wolfeborough village
pleasantly situated on two beautiful slopes of land, rising gently
in population, as the twentyeighth town in the State. It is
pleasantly situated on the south-
is
ern part of Lake Winnipiseogee,
which touches its south-western
border, while the lofty mountains
from the lake.
Between these
slopes, and nearly in the centre of
the village, Smith's River passes
of Ossipee, and the rugged hills of
Tuftonborough appear to form, in
into the lake.
the rear, walls of a gigantic for-
whole presenting a view
of sublime and picturesque sceneThe town is six miles square,
ry.
tress, the
and nearly one third of its surface
is
is
covered with water.
somewhat hard
The
to cultivate,
soil
but
strong and very productive. The
farmers find a ready market for
nearly
ucts,
all
of their surplus prod-
own town, at good
Much attention has been
in their
prices,
The
river
connects the
principal
hotels in the State.
It is elegant-
fully entitled to the
is
and summer boarding houses in
don House was
the village.
is
the
Lake
at
Wolfeborough Bridge.
this river, from
In the passage of
the pond to the lake, within a dis-
tance of one half mile, may be
found some of the best water power in the State,
which
is
sufficient
machinery
which could be placed between
the pond and the lake. At South
"Wolfeborough is another good
power, the source of which is Rust
Pond. Nearly all this power is improved by the Wolfeborough Woolen Manufacturing Company. There
to propel
are a
which
all
of
the
number of smaller streams
afford power for lumber and
shingle mills.
and
rank of a
open only
ly furnished, well conducted,
through the Summer.
Smith's,
in
On this street are located
nearly all of the churches, school
houses, the academy, banks, hotels, fifteen or twenty stores, of all
kinds, and many dwelling houses.
The Pavilion is one of the largest
first-class
and Streams.
street
river.
ing garden produce, for the hotels
Ponds
span-
the village on either side of the
given, for a few years past, to rais-
Crooked, Rust, Beach, Barton's,
and Sargent's Ponds, are the principal bodies of water.
Smith's
Pond is six miles in length and is
the source of Smith's River, which
flows through Crooked Pond into
is
ned 'by a substantial bridge about
twenty-five feet in length, which
hotel.
It is
The Glen-
built in 1873,
and
also a first-class hotel, finely lo-
cated, having
commanding views
of the lake and mountain scenery;
has all the modern improvements,
and
for architectural beauty, neat-
ness,
and accommodation,
it
is
equal to the best in the country,
and is kept open throughout the
year.
The Belvue House
is
a fine ho-
and beautifully situated on the
shores of the lake. The Lake HoThere
tel is the oldest in town.
are some twenty boarding houses,
for the purpose of accommodating
tel,
summer
tourists,
who
beautiful village in the
visit
this
warm
sea-
son of the year. Mill Village,
about one half mile from the lake,
has considerable manufacturing,
three stores, one church, and the
best school house in the county.
At South Wolfeborough is located the
Wolfeborough Woolen
Manufacturing Company, several
�NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER.
378
stores one church, a school-house,
and a number of dwellings,
Summer
The
Resorts.
pleas-
ant location on the lake, the many
fine views of natural scenery, the
excellent roads, and the extensive provisions made for the accommodation of travelers, together with the varied recreations
amid mountain, lake, and country scenery, have caused Wolfeborough to be one of the most important points for
summer
New-Hampshire.
tourists, in
Those seeking
health or pleasure, will find this
town one of the most healthful and
delightful resorts in the country.
The evening excursions on the
lake, by
Steamboats, are delightful, and the views obtained
from the deck(especially by moonlight) of the glistening waters ,
the islands, shores, and distant
mountains, through the shades
of a summer evening, are grand,
and not soon forgotten by the beholder.
Six miles east of the village
Copple Crown Mountain,
2,
is
100 feet
From its summit an extenview of the surrounding coun-
brings you to two mineral springs,
the waters of which contain medicinal
properties.
These springs
are visited by all classes.
carriages, boats
Horses,
and attendants can
always be obtained at the hotels.
Wolfeborough can be reached
from Boston by three public routes,
viz. direct, byrail, over the Eastern
Railroad by cars on the Boston &
Maine Railroad to Dover, thence
over the Cocheco to Alton Bay,
thence (in warm weather) by
Steamboats, ten miles, to Wolfeborough or over the Boston and
Lowell, Lowell and Nashua, Nashua and Concord, and Concord and
Montreal Railroads to the Weirs;
thence, by boat on the lake, twenty
miles, to Wolfeborough. At the
;
;
present
day,
visitoi's
Hampshire never make
to
New-
their tour
complete, without they spend a
in this pleasant lake
town. The estimated number of
tourists who spent their vacation
here, or made a brief visit last
year, (1873) was ten thousand.
Employments.
The people are
few days
try can be obtained.
engaged in agriculture, manufacturing, trade, hotel and boarding
house keeping. The manufactur-
clear day,
ing
high.
sive
Here, in a
spread before the eye
of the beholder, the Ocean, Mt.
is
Washington, the Winnipiseogee
and its islands, numerous ponds,
forests, and cultivated fields, all
affording a grand panoramic view
of nature and all its varied fornix.
To
"
business
is
very important.
The value of woolen blankets annually manufactured, is $180,000;
value of leather annually tanned,
$ 108,700. There are 125,000 pairs
of sale shoes manufactured, and
300,000 shingles,
and
1,850,000 feet
Tumble
The view
Sash and
of boards &c, sawed.
blind and various other kinds of
from its summit is similar to that
of Copple Crown, but it is easier
of ascent. Seven miles in a southeasterly direction, is Devils' Den,
a natural curiosity, worthy of a visit from any admirer of nature.
A
ride of four miles from the village,
mechanical business are carried
on.
The annual value of manu-
the
north-east
is
Down Dick Mountain."
factured productions, of all kinds,
is
$522,500.
nets,
$
(See tables.)
Agricultural
prod
mechanical labor,
money at interest, $13,
Resources.
146,600;
$71,300;
�WOODSTOCK.
014; stocks
&c, $42,900;
in savings banks,
deposits
$ 229,835 estimated amount received from summer tourists, $ 125,000 professional business, $ 100,000.
Churches and Schools. Congregational, Rev. T. H. Emerson, pas;
;
tor? 2d Congregational
;
Christian,
Rev. Lewis Philips, pastor; 1st
Freewill Baptist, Rev. A. 1). Fairbanks, pastor; 2d F. W. Baptist,
Christian and Methodist, united;
total value of all church property,
There are sixteen schools
town; average length, for the
total amount
year, twenty weeks
S
20,000.
in
;
money
appropriated annually
for school purposes, $2,505.14.
Institution.
WolfeLiterary
borough Christian Institute is a
prosperous Institution, and has a
fund of $ 10,000, J. W. Simonds,
A. M., is the principal.
of
Wolfeborough PubLibrary, 750 volumes; Charles
Libraries.
lic
H. Parker,
volumes.
private
library,
500
"Wolfeborough Savings Bank. (See
tables.)
Pavilion, Glendon, Bel-
vue, Lake and Franklin Houses.
Value of Hotel property, $ 175,000.
Livery Stables. There are two
Livery Stables, with twenty-nine
horses.
First Settlers.
cas,
Rev. Ebenezer
First Minister.
Allen (Congregational,) ordained
in 1792 died in 1806.
Boundaries. Northeast by Ossipee, south-east by Brookfield, south;
west by Winnipiseogee Lake and
Alton, and north-west by Tuftonborough. Area, 28,680 acres improved land, 16,694 acres.
;
Distances.
Forty-five
miles
north-east from Concord, and eight
miles south-west from Ossipee.
Railroads. The Wolfeborough
Branch of the Eastern, Great Falls
and Conway Railroad has its terminus in this town, on the shores
of the lake. In the summer season, steamboats arrive and depart
from the wharves at the village,
several times daily, from and to
all important points in and around
the lake.
WOODSTOCK.
Grafton County.
The
of this large township
is
James Lary,
B. Blake, J. LuJ. Fullerton
others first settled here.
and
The town
was named for Gen. Wolfe, an
officer who was killed in the battle
before Quebec, Canada, -September
and
on the rivers
is good, and produces excellent
crops of corn, grain, and hay.
Much of the town is still a dense
forest, and the extensive drives of
mountains.
The
soil
logs we see floating down the Merrimack in the spring, come largely
from this town.
Rivers.
The Pemigewassett
River passes through the eastern
section, and receives large branches in its passage, which furnish
good water power.
Mountains.
The
Incorporated July 9th,
in the north-west,
tain in the west.
1770.
principal ele-
vations are Cushman's Mountain
in the south-west, Black Mountain
Gov. John Wentworth
erected a splendid mansion in this
town, about five miles east of
Wolfeborough village.
13th, 1759.
surface
uneven,
diversified with hills, valleys,
Lake National Bank,
Carrol] County Savings Bank and
Banks.
Hotels.
379
and Blue Moun-
Among
these
mountains, branches of the wild
Ammonoosuck, and Baker's River,
and Moosehillock Brook, have
�NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER.
380
On the last stream
a beautiful cascade, where the
waters glide smoothly on a glassy
surface of rocks or tumble in a
foaming cataract a distance of two
hundred feet
Grafton mineral
their sources.
Churches and Schools.
is
spring is in this town and its waters are strongly impregnated with
sulphur and other mineral substances.
The scenery in Woodis very tine.
Employments.
The inhabitants
are employed in farming, in the
summer, and lumbering in the
winter. There is one large tannery, which produces leather to
the value of $75,000 annually.
Nearly all the lumber cut in town
stock
down the river in the
Clapboards, shingles, and
boards are sawed, to the value of
$ 4,800 annually.
Resources.
Agricultural prodis
floated
logs.
$44,008;
ucts,
$
10,500
terest,
;
$
stocks,
5,500
banks, $ 644
000
;
;
mechanical labor,
and money at in-
deposits in savings
stock in trade, $ 19,
;
from summer
tourists,
$
1,000.
;
Baptist,
Advent,
Rev. T. B.
Eastman, pastor; Freewill Baptist,
There are five schools
average length, for the year, eleven weeks.
First Settlement. This town was
granted to Eli Demeritt, September 23, 1763, under the name of
Peeling.
It was
subsequently
called Fairfield, and again changed
to Peeling.
In 1804, it took the
name of Woodstock. John Riant
and others commenced the
first
settlement in 1773.
Boundaries. North by Lincoln,
east by Thornton, south by Thornton and Ellsworth, and west by
Warren, Benton and Ellsworth.
Area, 33,359 acres;
area of im-
proved land, 2,540 acres.
Distances.
Seventy-three miles
north from Concord, and twentyone north from Plymouth.
Railroad. Eight miles to Warren station, on the Montreal Rail-
road.
�KOCKINGHAM.
381
COUNTIES OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE.
CHAPTER
A
summary
statistical
ical
of the counties
position, value
and
IV.
State, pertaining to their geograph-
of their manufactories,
farm productions, railroads,
newspapers, national banks, savings banks, insurance, post-offices &c.
ROCKINGHAM.
This county has the only territory which borders on the Atlantic
Ocean,
being about seventeen miles in extent.
it
It
is
bounded
north by Strafford County, east by the Atlantic, from the
mouth
of the Piscataqua to the line of Massachusetts, south by Massachusetts,
and west by Hillsborough and Merrimack Counties.
The principal rivers are Piscataqua, Lamprey, SquamPawtuckaway and Spiggot.
The total horse water power
Rivers.
6cot,
now used
is
3,364.
Mountains.
Pawtuckaway,
in
Nottingham and Deerfield, and
Saddleback, in Deerfield and Northwood are the principal
ele-
vations.
Area.
There are thirty-eight towns
there were incorporated
— in
in
the County, of which
the reign of Charles
I.,
two
;
in the
William and Mary, two
two in the reign of Queen Anne
seven, George L; thirteen,
George II.; eight in the reign of George III.; and three by NewHampshire. It was incorporated, March 19, 1771, and named in
honor of Charles Watson Wentworth, Marquis of Rockingham,
by Governor Benniug Wentworth. Its greatest length is thirtyreign of Charles
II.,
one
;
in the reign of
;
four miles
;
greatest breadth, thirty miles.
Shire towns, Exeter
and Portsmouth.
With the exception of Strafford County, the surface
broken than that of any county in the State, and much of the
land is well adapted to the raising of corn, oats, and hay, but the
rust injures the wheat. In 1870, there were produced 18,596 bushAgriculture.
is less
els
wheat, 165.682 bushels corn, 72,976 bushels oats and barley,
484,000 bushels potatoes.
Orchard productions, $126,000.
745,
�382
ROCKINGHAM.
000 pounds butter, 73,000 pounds cheese, 66,000 tons hay, and
The total value of agricultural
6,128 pounds maple sugar.
productions, of all kinds, was $2,640,000.
The manufactures of the County are varied and
Manufactories.
important, of which men's and women's boot and shoe manufacturing
much the largest branch. The stock for many of the boots and
made in the county, comes from the large shoe manufactories
in Lynn and Haverhill, Massachusetts, ready cut out and generally
is
shoes,
put up in sixty pair
tions, to
cases,
and sent by cars
be bound and bottomed.
workmen, the same
as if
were in the
it
to their various destina-
This stock
leather,
is
charged
to the
consequently, this
and
amount of the production, while, heretofore, Massachusetts has
claimed the workmen, amount puid them, and the sale.
This
may duplicate New-England business, but it rightfully belongs to
New-Hampshire. In 1870, the census gave the county as capital
State should have the credit of the benefit of the betterments,
the
invested in the boot and shoe business, $ 194,000, employing 701
workmen, with annual amount of wages, $ 230,284, value of productions, $ 941,912. There is now invested in shoe business, $ 264,
000, employing 623 hands, annual pay-roll, $ 276,500, and producing 930,000 pairs of boots and shoes, valued at $ 1,059,000. There
are also employed on shoes, the stock of which was put up in cases,
and brought from out of the State, 1,269 hands, annual pay-roll,
$ 522,600, and producing 2,937,000 pairs of boots and shoes, valued
This credit of over $ 500,000, the receipts for
at $ 3,167,000.
the labor of over 1,200 workmen, has been given to Massachusetts,
by what tangible
as part of her resources, but
right,
we
are unable
to explain.
Cotton Goods.
This branch of business,
is
gradually increasing.
15,100,000 yards of cotton cloth of various widths, are annually
manufactured, valued at $ 1,645,000
618,000 yards woolen goods,
valued at $ 214,000
95,000 pairs hose, $ 152,000; 245,000 clap;
;
and 29,667,000 feet boarda
6,355,000 shingles and laths
and dimension lumber sawed, valued at $ 474,300 234,500 bushboards
;
;
;
grain ground, $ 267,700, besides various other manufactories.
els
The
000
pay
total capital invested in manufactories of all kinds,
;
men employed,
roll,
3,840
;
women and
$ 3,926,
is
children, 1,362
;
annual
$ 2,008,500, and value of productions, $ 11,005,000.
(See
tables.)
Valuation and Taxes.
The
total assessed value of the county, in
�383
STRAFFORD.
1872, was $ 24,253,032
the true value, (as assessed on two thirds
;
The
of the actual value) was $ 36,379,548.
total
State, county,
town and school tax assessed was $ 421,329.28, or seventeen mills
on the dollar the true per cent., eleven mills and one half.
—
Whole number
Churches.
of churches, 113, edifices, 112, seating
capacity, 33,910, (or nearly 72 per cent, of all the inhabitants,)
church value, $ 564,000.
Total number schools, 264, number graded schools, 52
average attendance, 7,187 or 72
Schools.
number
;
boys, 5,106, girls, 4,792
per cent
;
average length of schools for the year, twenty-five and
value of school houses and lots, $ 315,185 annual
;
one half weeks
;
;
amount appropriated
for school purposes, $ 86,922.34,
averaging
to each scholar, $ 8.27.
The
Railroads.
railroad facilities in this county are very good,
especially in the lower section.
There are but six or seven towns
but a railroad passes through some portions of
in the county,
it.
The Manchester and Lawreuce extends from Londonderry to Methuen, Massachusetts Concord and Portsmouth, from Auburn to
;
Boston and Maine, from Plaistow to Durham in
Portsmouth
Strafford County Eastern, from Seabrook to Kittery, Maine Portsmouth and Dover, from Portsmouth to Piscataqua bridge The
Nashua and Rochester, from Windham to Lee. The whole length
;
;
;
;
of railroads in the county,
Miscellaneous.
is
about 130 miles.
Total population, 47,297
—male, 22,853,
24,440; foreign, 2,819; colored, in 1860, 97,
number paupers
— native, white, 262, black,
for the year, $ 47,000
female,
1870, 153;
4, foreign,
29
;
— white,
— males, 315,
criminals convicted during the year
;
Whole number persons
number died over 80 years
25, foreign, 3.
died, 659
males, 344
83, or 12 J per cent.;
;
whole
expenses
;
fe-
num-
ber died with lung disease 149, or 22# per cent.
STRAFFORD.
This
The
is
the second county in the State in point of manufactures.
surface
is
generally level, having no mountains of any magni-
tude, the Blue Hills in Strafford having the highest altitude, or per-
haps Frost Mountain,
Dover
is
Rivers and Bays.
Cocheco,
in
Farmington,
is
of about the same elevation.
the shire town.
Salmon Falls River, on
Lamprey and
its
north-eastern border,
Isinglass rivers, are the principal streams,
and, in their passages, furnish some valuable water power.
Great
�384
STRAFFORD.
Bay and
county from Rockingham
These streams and their tributaries, now fur-
the Piscataqua, divide the
county, on the east.
nish 7,523 improved horse power.
Boundaries &c.
It contains thirteen
incorporated in the reign of Charles
towns, of which one was
in the reign of George I.,
and seven under the State government.
Bounded north by Carroll County, east by State of Maine and
Great Bay, south by Rockingham County, and west by Belknap
and Carroll Counties. It was incorporated, March 19, 1771, and
named in honor of William Wentworth, Earl of Strafford.
two;
George
II.,
and
is
three,
This county
Agriculture.
land
I.;
small in territory, but
is
much
of the
valuable for farming purposes, raising good corn, oats, hay
The
potatoes.
total
number of
Manufactories.
In proportion to
of improved land
acres
94,650; annual value of productions, of
its
all kinds,
is
$ 1,146,464.
population and wealth,
its
manufactured productions, and the amount paid for mechanical
labor, exceed that of any county in the State.
The value of cotton
cloth annually manufactured is $ 4,474,000; of calico goods, $ 3,447,
000.
At
This cotton print business has increased rapidly since 1870.
that date, only printing 19,000,000 yards, while the present year,
There are sixty-one shoe
over 31,000,000 yards.
ital
firms, with a cap-
of $ 1,237,000, employing 2,101 males, and 356 females, with an
annual pay
roll of $
1,264,000 producing 3,837,000 pairs of men's,
women's, and youth's boots and shoes, valued at $ 4,937,000 4,628,
000 yards woolen goods, valued at $ 2,055,000
flour and meal,
;
;
$ 292,000
also lumber, leather, oil cloth, glue
;
The
carriages, machinery, bobbins &c.
manufactories
children,
is
3,201
;
men employed,
$6,373,000;
annual pay
The
on the dollar
assessed,
the product
(See tables.)
The
county
total State,
is
county,
was $ 273,517.20, or eighteen mills
— the true per cent. 11
There are
Churches.
in
women and
total assessed value of the
$14,899,029; -true value, $22,348,544.
town and school tax
4,491,
$ 3,403,000, and
roll,
$16,916,000 worth of manufactured goods.
Valuation and Taxes.
and sand paper,
total capital invested
fifty-six
J mills.
church
edifices, seating
capacity,
19,550 (or 64£ per cent, of all the inhabitants in the county.)
Value of the
Schools.
edifices,
$ 290,000.
There are 176 schools, of which 58 are graded;
num-
ber of boys attending school, 3,446
number of girls, 3,278 average attendance, 4,120 or 61 per cent.; average length, for the
;
;
�BELKNAP.
385
value of school houses and lots, $ 238,375
annual amount appropriated for school purposes, $ 54,327.80
average amount to each scholar, $ 8.08.
year, twenty-five weeks
;
;
;
With
Rqilroads.
the exception of Strafford, nearly every town
by railroad cars. The Boston and Maine
Berwick in Maine Great Falls and Conway,
from Maine line to Wakefield Cocheco, from Dover to New Durham and Portsmouth and Dover Railroad, from Piscataqua River
in the county
runs from
is
visited
Durham
to
;
;
;
to
Dover
city
;
Nashua and Rochester, from Lee
Total length of railroads in the county
females, 15,795
convicted
foreign,
;
foreign, 3,885
;
colored, 44.
—white,
95
;
to
Rochester.
about 79 miles.
Total population of the county, 30,243
Miscellaneous.
14,448,
is
— males,
Criminals
—
native, 125, foreign, 180; paupers
native, 195,
expense for the year, $ 18,973. Whole number of
deaths for the year 1870, 307
;
—males, 151, females, 153
;
died at eighty years of age and over, 26 or 8 J per cent.;
number
number
died with lung disease, 67, or 22 per cent.
BELKNAP.
This county was originally a part of Strafford county, and was
The surface is broken by mounand lakes, producing some beautiful scenery.
The soil is good, and is well adapted to grazing, and the various
kinds of productions, common to the latitude. Gilmanton Mounincorporated December 22, 1840.
tains, hills, valleys
tain
is
the principal elevation.
Lakes, Bays
ty
is
and
Rivers.
The north-eastern portion of the coun-
watered by Winnipiseogee Lake, and Alton Bay, an arm of
the lake extending about six miles into Alton.
River
is
Winnipiseogee
the principal stream, and furnishes some of the best water
The horse water power is 2,899.
North by Carroll County and Lake Winnipiseogee, east by Strafford County, south-west by Merrimack County,
and west by Grafton County. Area, of improved land, 155,421
power
in the State.
Boundaries.
acres.
There are eleven towns, of which two were incorporated
George I., two in the reign of George III., and seven
by the State government.
The county was named in honor of Dr. Belknap, the Historian
of New-Hampshire. Shire town, Gilford.
Towns.
in the reign of
Agriculture.
There are annually raised 20,000 bushels of wheat.
�386
BELKNAP.
91,000 bushels corn, 270,000 bushels potatoes,
81,000
ter,
lbs.
;
438,000
lbs. but-
of cheese, 40,000 lbs. maple sugar, 39,000 tons of
The
total value
The manufactures of the county are
considera-
hay, and $ 391,000 worth of cattle
of farm productions,
Manufactories.
is
fit
for slaughter.
$ 1,637,000.
(See tables.)
and rapidly increasing, the most important of which are cotton
goods, $ 923,000 cotton and woolen hose, $ 750,000 woolen goods,
flour and meal, $ 168,000; passen$183,000; lumber, $ 274,000
ger and freight cars, and repairs, $ 700,000
besides other important mechanical works.
The total capital invested in manufactories, is $ 1,424,500, employing 1,212 males, and 892 females, with
annual pay roll of $743,200. and producing $3,499,400. (See
ble,
;
;
;
;
tables.)
Valuation and
Taxes.
1872, was $ 6,107.000
Total assessed value of the county, in
The
true value, $ 9,081,500,
;
total
amount
of State, county, town and school tax collected was $131,058.34,
or twenty-one and one half mills to the dollar, true per cent, fourteen and a half mills.
Whole number
Churches.
$158,500.
Schools.
of church edifices, 47
seating capac-
;
(or 68 per cent, of the population;) church
12,135;
ity,
value,
(See tables.)
Total
number of
schools, 154, of
which seventeen are
graded; number of male scholars attending school, 1,892; females,
1,654; average length of schools for the year, seventeen weeks;
amount of money annually appropriated
total
$ 18,159.45, or $ 5.30 to each scholar
for school purposes,
value of school
;
lots
and
school houses, $87,545.
Railroads.
the county.
Railroads pass through seven of the eleven towns in
The Boston and Montreal Railroad extends from
ton to Ashland;
Bay. The
two miles.
and the Cocheco, from New-Durham
total length of railroads, in the county, is
Miscellaneous.
Total population of the county,
8,508, females, 9,093.
white natives, 52,
Crime
Foreign, 687
colored, 8,
—number convicted,
colored,
;
foreign, 18
for the year
;
;
122
cent
number died over eighty
;
;
about thirty-
17,681
41.
Til-
Alton
— males,
Paupers
—
annual expense, 5,000.
white, 3.
of deaths in the county, for the year, 223
to
Whole number
—males,
101, females,
years of age, 31, or nearly 15 per
died with lung disease, 52, or over 23 per cent.
�387
CARROLL.
CARROLL.
is one of the mountain and lake counNew-Hampshire, having some of the finest natural scenery
It is broken by mountains and hills, but
the United States.
This
Ossipee, shire town.
ties in
in
much
of the
soil is
productive.
Elvers and Lakes.
Saco, Pine, Bearcamp, Ossipee, and branches
This counof the Salmon Falls River, are the principal streams.
ty being the source of many considerable streams, they are, consequently, not large enough within itsterritory to furnish a perma-
nent supply of water power for large manufacturing establishments
however,
it
is
very valuable, and turns
many water
wheels.
;
The
improved horse water power is 1812. Winnipiseogee and Ossipee
Lakes are the principal bodies of water. Tourists, in the summer,
find pleasant recreation at many points on their shores.
Mountains. Ossipee, Red Hill, Chocurua, Whiteface and CarMountains are the highest elevations.
North by Grafton and Coos counties, east by the
State of Maine, south by Strafford County, and south-west and
west by Lake Winnipiseogee and Grafton County. Area of imter
Boundaries.
proved land, 175,319 acres. It was originally a part of Strafford
County, and was incorporated December 22, 1840. It contains seventeen towns, eight of which were incorporated during the reign of
George the III., and nine under the State government.
Some of the land is cold, but excellent for grazing.
Agriculture.
In 1870, 17,000 bushels of wheat. 108,000 bushels corn, 328,000
bushels potatoes orchard productions, $ 68,000 505,000 lbs. butter
16,000 lbs. cheese, 176,000 lbs. maple sugar, 50,000 tons of
;
;
;
hay
;
and
cattle sold,
ready for slaughter, $ 286,000.
The
total
farm productions was $ 1,808,000.
The manufacture of men's and women's boots
Manufactures
value of
all
in value any other manufactured production,
employing 182 hands, with annual pay roll of $ 64-
and shoes exceeds
in the county,
000,
and producing boots and shoes
Woolen goods are produced
to
the
to the
value of $ 400,000
value of $ 185,000, men's
flour
leather tanned, $ 306,000
and women's hose, $ 45,500
The total capital inand meal, $ 74,200, and lumber, $ 161,000.
vested in manufactories, of all kinds, is $ 583,000; employing 764
;
;
males,
and 107 females
;
annual pay
roll,
$ 295,800, and product of
goods valued at $ 1,459,100.
Valuation and Taxes.
The
assessed valuation of the county, in
�MERRIMACK.
388
1872,
was $ 5,228,812— true valuation, 8 7,843,218.
The total
and school tax assessed, was $ 123,679.22, or
State, county, town,
twenty-three mills to the dollar
ity,
10,830, (or 63
Churches valued
cent, sixteen mills.
the county, 46
;
per cent, of the inhabitants of
seating capacthe.
county.)
at $ 65,500.
Whole number
Schools.
—the true per
Number of churches in
Churches.
— 2,476, female, 1,925
of schools, 187
;
number
of male schol-
average attendance, 3,113, or 71 percent
number
average length of schools, for the year, seventeen weeks
of graded schools, four amount of money annually appropriated for
ars
;
;
;
;
school purposes,
J^ailroads.
Conway
;
•$
20,342.56, or $ 4.60 to each scholar in the county.
Great Falls and Conway, from Middleton to North
Portland and Ogdensburg from Maine State line to
Wolfeborough Railroad,
Conway, through to Upper Bartlett
from the shore of Lake Winnipiseogee in Wolfeborough, to WakeThe total length
field, on the Great Falls and Conway Railroad.
of railroads, in the county, is about fifty three miles.
;
Miscellaneous.
Population of the county, 17,333
females 8,575; foreign, 176, colored, 13.
year, 1870
— 142 males,
and 159 females.
years and over, 36, or nearly 12 per cent
— males, 8,758,
Number of deaths in the
Number died at eighty
;
died with lung disease,
70, or 23 per cent.
MERRIMACK.
Concord
With
is
theshire town of the county, and capital of the State.
the exception of Belknap, this
is
the only county in the State
a portion of the border of which does not touch some other State.
Its surface is broken by mountains, hills, and valleys, dotted with
lakes and ponds,
The
and
lined with
numerous
rivers
and streams.
on the rivers and streams, is very productive, while the
and mountain sides, are good for grazing.
soil
hills
A
portion of Sunapee Lake lies within its borLakes and Rivers.
and it and Webster Lake, in Franklin, are the principal bodies
of water. Merrimack, Pemigewasset, Winnipiseogee, Contoocook,
Soucook, Suncook, Warner and Black water rivers are the principal streams. The total improved horse, water power is 8,740.
Kearsarge, Ragged, Rattlesnake and Fort mounElevations.
ders,
tains, are the principal elevations.
Boundaries. North by Grafton and Belknap counties, east by
Rockingham County, south by Hillsborough County, and west by
�389
MERRIxMACK.
Sullivan County.
It contains
twenty -six towns, four of which were
incorporated in the reign of George
government.
ham and
was originally a part of the counties of Rocking-
It
Hillsborough, and was incorporated July 23, 1823.
The number of manufactories, of various
Manufactories.
is
two in the reign of George
I.,
seven in the reign of George III., and thirteen under the State
II.,
kinds,
Amount
number of men
446, steam horse power 764, water horse power, 8,740.
of capital invested in manufactories, $ 6,654,000
;
amount annually
employed, 4,567, women and children, 1,957
paid for labor, $ 2,777,000. The value of manufactured products,
;
in sixteen towns,
is
respectively over $ 50,000, ten over $ 200,000,
and
annually produced, of manufactured
goods, of all kinds, in value, $ 12,771,000 worth, the most important
of which are 33,634,000 yards of cotton cloth, valued at $ 2,609,000
There
six over $ 500,000.
is
;
2,561,000 yards woolen cloths, of
all
kinds, valued at $ 1,801,000
;
121,000 dozen pairs cotton and woolen hose, of various kinds,
$ 381,000; 3,521 tons paper, of
all kinds,
$ 843,000
;
also lumber,
and meal, $ 788,000
leather tanned, $ 354,000
foundries,
carriages, of all kinds, $ 650 000
furniture, $ 400,000
$280,000; railroad repair shops, $ 290,000; boots and shoes, 930,
leather hose and belting, $ 390,000 organs and melodeons,
000
$120,000; harnesses, $270,000; and granite and marble dressed
$ 411,000
flour
;
;
;
;
;
;
;
or quarried, $ 800,000
besides other manufactories of lesser note
;
but important.
Agricultural.
county
is
The number of acres of improved land,
number of horses, 4,939, cattle, 28,828,
317,344;
32,447, swine, 3,819
;
the
sheep,
bushels of wheat annually produced, 28,215,
rye, 5,166, corn, 184,662, peas
tons of hay,72,467,
in
and beans,
number of pounds of
5,631, potatoes, 429,650,
wool, 138,079, butter, 705,
516, cheese, 167,903, maple sugar, 89,802, honey, 6,630; gallons
of milk sold, 147,215, maple molasses, 1,079. Estimated value of
live stock, $1,886,649,
ucts
sold, $ 22,363
;
orchard products, $100,345; garden prod-
animals slaugh450,000
Estimated value of farm products, in-
forest products, $
tered, or sold, $ 575,055.
;
cluding betterments $ 3.103,071.
Money and
$ 2,864,361
;
Stocks.
$ 50,000 deposited.
est,
$ 687,062.
Total amount of deposits in savings banks,
eight towns have over $ 100,000,
Total amount of
and seventeen, over
money on hand
or at inter-
Total value of shares in corporations, and stocks
in public funds, $ 552,388.
Assessed value of stock in trade, in
�MERRIMACK.
390
True value
1872, $ 961,012.
tual value) $ 1,441,568.
on two thirds of the ac-
(as assessed
Total assessed value of the county, $ 21,
True value, $ 32,084,189.
389,459.
State tax, $81,408
Taxes.
tax, $224,281.66
on the dollar
county tax, $ 37.000
;
town and
;
city
total tax assessed, $342,689.66, or sixteen mills
:
— true per
cent. 10.7 mills.
Total number of districts, 308
number of schools, 334
number boys, 4,477 girls, 4 419
number of graded schools, 46
number of male teachers, 90 female teachers, 444 annual amount
Schools.
;
;
;
;
;
expended
for school purposes, $ 58,564.56
school-houses and
for schools,
52
Churches.
ity,
lots,
$ 231,760
academies, 5
;
Number
;
;
;
estimated value of
number of school-houses
;
—male
unfit
pupils, 310, female, 274.
of churches, 76; edifices, 75
25,083, (nearly 60 per cent, of all
;
seating capac-
the inhabitants)
value,
;
8 501,500.
The
Merrimack County, exceed
The Boston, Concord and
Montreal Railroad extends from Concord, through Canterbury and
Railroads.
railroad facilities of
those of any other county in the State.
Northfield, to Tilton
;
Northern extends from Concord through
Boscawen, Franklin, Andover, Wilmot, to Danbury
Branch extends from Franklin through Hill to Bristol
Bristol
;
Concord
;
and Claremont extends from Concord, through Hopkinton, Warner,
and Sutton to Bradford; Sugar River Railroad extends from BradContoocook Valley Railroad
ford through Newbury to, Sunapee
extends from Hopkinton through Hopkinton, Henniker to HillsConcord and Nashua extends from Concord through
borough
Bow and Hooksett, to Manchester; Concord Railroad, (east side of
Merrimack River) extends from Concord, through Pembroke and
Allenstown to Hooksett; Suncook Valley extends from Allenstown
;
;
through Epsom to
The
Pittsfield.
total
number of miles of
roads in the county, not including side tracks,
railroad passes through
the county.
No
is
rail-
A
about 160.
some portion of the twenty-six towns
railroad passes the borders of Salisbury,
in
New-
London, Webster, Dunbarton, Loudon and Chichester.
Miscellaneous.
males, 21,433
;
population, 42,151
Total
colored, 96
whole number paupers, 244
ses,
$ 27,837.
year, 146
;
— natives, 200,
Whole number
—natives,
;
20,718,
foreigners,
foreigners,
44
;
fe-
3,949
;
expen-
of criminals convicted, during the
Whole number died, 575
number died over eighty years of age,
48, foreign, 98.
males, 281, females, 294
— males,
natives, 38,202,
�HILLSBOROUGH.
71, or 12 1-3 per cent, or nearly
28 i per cent.
years
one in every eight lived
Number
years of age and over.
Forty died
391
in the
till
eighty
died with lung diseases, 166, or
town of Hopkinton, 10 over 80
21 over 70 years and 27 over 50 years of age.
;
HILLSBOROUGH.
This
is
the largest and most important county in the State, in
The
wealth, population, and manufactures.
surface
is
varied, por-
and mountains On the Merrimack,
it is more level.
There are no high mountains in the county
the mountains in Lyndeborough, Greenfield, Peterborough,
Hancock and Francestown having the greatest altitude.
Rivers and Ponds. It is well watered by numerous streams, the
most important of which are the Merrimack River, passing through
the eastern part of the county, from north to south the Contoocock
River, running through the western section, from south to north
The Souhegan, passing through the southern portion, from east to
west the Nashua, coming from Massachusetts, passing through part
and the Piscataquog, in the northern secof Hollis and Nashua
These rivers, together with their
tion, flowing from west to east.
tributaries, furnish good water privileges through the county.
The
horse water power improved is 18,770, or nearly double that of any
There is much good power which still recounty in the State.
mains unimproved, in all sections of the county. A portion of
tions being
broken by
hills
;
;
;
;
;
Massabesic Lake
lies in
the eastern section of the county, while
there are considerable ponds in Hancock, Hollis, Brookline, Fran-
cestown, and Amherst.
Boundaries.
It contains thirty-one towns, ten of
corporated in the reign of George
II.,
which were
in-
twelve, in the reign of
and the remainder by the government of New-Hampbounded north by Merrimack County, east by Rockingham County, south by Massachusetts, and west by Cheshire and
Area of improved land, 287,451 acres. IncorSullivan Counties.
porated March 19, 1771, and received its name from the Earl of
Hillsborough, one of the privy council of George III. Shire towns,
County Records, kept at
Amherst, Manchester, and Nashua.
George
III.,
shire.
It
is
Nashua.
Agriculture.
Much
of the territory
is
well adapted to the various
crops usually raised in this section of the country.
the
number of acres
In proportion to
cultivated, (with the exception of Grafton
and
�392
HILLSBOROUGH.
Coos Counties,) the value of
any county of the
in
Manufactories.
State,
done
is
000
;
Nearly one third of
is
equal to that of those
all
the manufacturing in the
The number yards
in this county.
annually manufactured,
all kinds,
crops
its
(See tables.)
State.
cotton goods, of
112,025,000, valued at $ 16,800,
is
woolen goods 1,952,000 yards, valued at $ 1,098,000
dozen pairs woolen hose, valued at $ 440,000
of all varieties, $1,054,000;
144,000
;
2,040 tons paper,
;
154,500 pairs of men's and women's
boots and shoes, $258,000; 35,148,000 feet of lumber, $619,000;
746,000 bushels flour and meal ground, $ 819,000
The
;
leather tanned,
and machine-shop business, such
manufacturing locomotives, and all classes of machine work,
$ 432,000.
twice as
much
iron foundry
as
is
as that of all the rest of the counties in the State,
The total capital invested in
number of manufacturing estab-
being over $ 5,000,000 annually.
manufactories
is
588
lishments,
amount paid
;
$ 15,990,000
;
males employed, 8,270, fema'es, 7,460 annual
value of manufactured goods,
;
for labor, $ 6,323,000
;
$ 31,464,000.
Valuation and Taxes.
$ 37,115,441
;—true
The
town and school tax assessed
16 mills on the dollar
ChureJies.
total assessed value of the
value, $55,673,016.
in
The
county
total State,
is
county,
1872, was $ 588,065.05, or about
—the true per
cent., 10J mills.
There are 90 churches, and 72 church
edifices,
capa-
ble of seating 36,736 persons, or 57 per cent, of the population of
Value of church property, $ 819,500.
There are 374 schools, of which 93 are graded. Numaverage attendance
ber boys attending school, 6,624, girls, 6,405
for the year, 8,992 or 67 per cent.; average length of schools, for
the year, 25 weeks value of school houses and lots, $481,680 anthe county.
Schools.
;
;
;
nual amount appropriated for school purposes, $ 121,961.94
;
aver-
age amount to each scholar, $ 10.14.
There are over one hundred and twelve miles of railThe Concord railroad extends from Hooksett line to Nashua; Manchester and Lawrence, runs from ManchesConcord and Portsmouth, from Manchester to
ter to Londonderry
Railroads.
way
track in the county.
;
Auburn Manchester and North Weare, from Manchester to Weare
Wilton, from Nashua to East Wilton; thence by the Peterbor-
;
;
ough, through Lyndeborough, and Greenfield,
to
Peterborough
;
Nashua and Lowell, to State line; Worcester and Nashua, to
State line
Nashua and Acton, to State line Peterborough and
;
;
�CHESHIRE.
Shirley, from State line to Greenville
to
Peterborough
;
393
Monadnock, from
;
Contoocook Valley, from Henniker
Jaffrey,
line to Hills-
borough Bridge.
Population of the county, 64,238
Miscellaneous.
females, 34,217; foreign, 11,472;
colored, 124;
—males, 30,021,
criminals convict-
—
—
ed natives, 124, foreign, 201; paupers natives, 171, foreign, 95
pauper expenses for the year, % 47,735. Whole number of deaths
for the year, 918
males, 458, females, 460; number died over
eighty years, 82, or 10 per cent.; number died with lung disease,
;
—
262, or over 28 per cent.
CHESHIRE.
This
is
State in
becoming one of the most enterprising counties
its
variety of manufactories.
of the county
uneven, but
is
much
The
of the
surface in
soil is
in the
many
parts
productive, yield-
ing fine crops, especially in those towns bordering on the Connecticut river.
The Connecticut washes
Rivers.
gether with
power
its
western border, the Ashue-
through the county in a south-westerly direction, and
lot flows
its
tributaries, furnishes the larger portion of the
Cold
in the county.
Rver
passes through
to-
water
north-west
its
corner, and branches of the Contoocook water three or four towns
on
eastern border, affording
its
some
proved horse water power of the county
Monadnock Mountain,
Mountains.
county,
is
is
The im-
water power.
6,310.
in the
eastern
part of the
the highest elevation in the middle and southern sec-
West River Mountain
tion of the State.
is
fine
in the south-west part,
quite an elevation.
Boundaries.
towns, of which eight
George II., ten, in the reign of
George III., and five under the government of New-Hampshire.
Bcunded north by Sullivan County, east by Hillsborough County,
south by Massachusetts, and west by Vermont. Its greatest length
is
contains twenty-three
It
were incorporated
in the reign of
thirty-one miles, greatest breadth, twenty-six miles.
porated
Keene
March
is
19, 1771,
and was named
after
It
was incor-
a county in England.
the Shire town.
Ai/rictdiure.
this county.
Some
Much
of the best farming towns in the State are in
attention
is
given to the raising of tobacco, on
the Connecticut and the lower part of the Ashuelot rivers.
ly two
hundred thousand pounds are annually produced.
Near-
The
�CHESHIKE.
394
number
acres of improved land
is
This county
Manufactories.
Woolen
manufactured.
260,517
;
annual value of agri-
(See tables.)
cultural productions, $1,887,856.
noted for
is
its
variety of goods
goods, consisting of beaver cloths, tricots,
&c,
diagonals, flannels, horse blankets
are annually produced to
the value of $ 2,369,000, exceeding that of any county in the State;
cotton goods, $250,500;
er tanned, $ 1,297,000
and
all
shoes, $ 190,000
paid
boots
;
besides their are chairs, tubs, pails, toys of
of manufactories of every description,
vested, S 3,325,000
amount
leath-
;
and meal ground, $ 251,000
machine work, granite dressing &c, &c.
kinds, paper,
number
;
24,028,000 feet lumber, $ 441,000
flour
;
is
371
males employed, 3,241, females, 702
;
labor,
for
value
$1,737,000;
The
capital in-
;
;
annual
productions,
of
$7,911000.
Valuation and Taxes.
The
assessed valuation of the county, in
1872, was % 14,956,599; true valuation, % 22,434,898.
The State
county, town aud school tax, was $ 239,367.48, or 16 mills on the
dollar
— true per cent. 10 mills.
Churches.
Number
churches, and church edifices, 62, capahle of
seating 25,083 persons, or 92 per cent, of the population of the coun-
Value of church property, $425,680, far exceeding that of any
county in the State, in proportion to wealth and population.
There are 259 schools, of which 49 are graded; numSchools.
ty.
ber of scholars
;
boys, 3,236
;
girls,
2,964;
through the year, 4,711, or 76 per cent
;
average attendance,
average length of schools,
for the year, 19 weeks; value of school houses
and
lots,
$ 161,120
annual amount appropriated for school purposes, $ 43,823, or $
;
7.
05 to each scholar in the county.
Railroads. There are twelve towns in the county, in which a
The Cheshire Railroad,
railroad passes through some part of it.
from Bellows Falls in Vermont to Massachusetts line, 42| miles
the Ashuelot, from Keene to Vermont Hue, 231 miles Monadnock,
from Massachusetts line to Peterborough line, about 11 miles.
;
;
Miscellaneous. Population in 1870,
27,265— males,13,653;
females,
22 persons convicted of
natives, 24; annual exnatives, 7, foreign, 15; paupers
cr i me
Whole number of deaths for the year, 338 males,
penses, $ 6,700.
number died over eighty years of age, 52, or
females, 166
172,
14 per cent.; number died with disease of the lungs, 81, or 24 per
13,612
;
foreign, 1,802, colored, 15
in 1870,
—
—
;
cent.
;
—
�395
SULLIVAN.
SULLIVAN.
One
of the Connecticut River counties
;
the surface
is
broken by
many
and river valleys,
It is an excellent county for
and interesting.
portions, very
grazing, and nearly 40,000 sheep roam over its hills, and on its
Croydon and Green mountains, in the northern
mountain sides.
mountains,
making the
hills
scenery, in
fine
and western section of the county, are the highest elevations.
Lake and Rivers. Suuapee Lake lies principally in this county
on its extreme eastern border, and is the largest body of water. Sugar River has its source in Sunapee Lake, and, together with its
Little Sugar
branches, waters over three fourths of the county.
t
flows
from east
to west
ers
have their
rise in
its southern limits, and joins the
Branches of Cold and Ashuelot riv-
through
Connecticut in Charlestown.
the southern section of the
these streams furnish good water privileges, about
couuty.
All of
half of which
Improved horse water power, in the county, 3,737.
North by Grafton County, east by Merrimack and
Hillsborough Counties, south by Cheshire County, and west by
Area of improved land, 220,517 acres. It contains
Vermont.
fifteen towns, one of which was incorporated in the reign of George
II., nine in the reign of George III., and five under the State government. Incorporated July 5, 1827, named in honor of Hon.
John Sullivan, one of the presidents under the new constitution.
are improved.
Boundaries.
Shire town, Newport.
Agriculture.
the soil
is
very
Along the streams, particularly the Connecticut,
and the uplands are generally productive.
fertile,
The county has been
noted, for
many
years, for the large quantity
and excellent quality of butter and cheese it produces, amounting
The annual
to about 600,000 lbs. butter and 100,000 lbs. cheese.
value of agricultural productions
is
$ 1,559,177.
(See tables.)
There are only four towns in the county which
have manufactories to any extent, or an annual value of productions amounting to over $100,000.
The most important manufacManufactories.
tures are paper, $ 400,000
leather, $ 217,000
;
woolen, $ 61 1,000
cotton, $ 464,000
lumber, $ 164,000 boots and shoes, $ 422,000
;
;
;
;
;
men's and women's hose, $ 35,000. The total value of manufactured goods, annually produced, is $ 2,663,000. (See tables.)
Valuation and Taxes. The assessed valuation, in 1872, was $8,
929,030—true
valuation,
$ 13,393,546.
The
State, county,
town
�GRAFTON.
396
and school
was $ 105,144.95, or 13 mills on the dollar
tax,
—true
per cent, about 8 mills.
There are 54 church
Churches.
425 persons, or 85 per
capable of seating 15,
edifices,
cent, of its population
;
value of church prop-
erty, $ 180,700.
There are 172
Schools.
ber of scholars
schools, of
— boys, 2,080
girls,
;
which 16 are graded; numaverage attendance,
1,725
;
through the year, 2,589, or 67 per cent.; average length of schools,
for the year, 20 weeks; value of school houses and lots, $82,025;
amount of money annually appropriated
for school purposes, $ 29,
525.52, or $ 7.52 to each scholar in the county.
Railroads.
Railroads pass through only five towns in the coun-
The Sugar River Railroad
ty.
port,
Claremont where
to
passes through
Sunapee and New-
forms a junction, with the Sullivan
it
County Railroad, which extends from Windsor Vermont through
Cornish, Claremont and Charlestown to Bellows Falls. The length
of railroads in the county
8,830,
females, 9,228
victed of crime
is
about 46 miles.
Population of the county, in 1870, 18,058
Miscellaneous.
colored, 43
foreign, 1,015,
;
— natives, 10,
— males,
persons con-
;
number of paupers, na-
foreign, 6,
annual expense, $13,402.38.
Whole
number of deaths for the year males, 112, females 138 num-
180;
tives,
foreign,
12;
—
;
ber died over eighty years of age, 25, or 10 per cent
;
number died
with disease of the lungs, 77, or 30 per cent.
GRAFTON.
This
is
in point
The
one of the largest and most important counties in the State,
of territory,
population, and
surfoce, in the eastern portion,
agricultural
broken by
is
productions.
hills
and
lofty
mountains, and affords some of the grandest scenery in America.
Its western portion borders
on the Connecticut, extending for a
The soil, on the rivers, is of
distance of nine towns, on that river.
the best quality, and, together with the
abundant crops of
grass, grain,
and
hilly portion, produces
all the fruits
common
to the
climate.
Mountains.
to the
In the northern sections, are mountains belonging
White Mountain range, Franconia Mountains and
gan Mountain; a
little to
the south-west
while at the east and south-east
terville,
is
is
Carrri-
Moosehillock, in Benton,
a part of the Whiteface, in
and the Campton Mountains,
in
Campton, and
Wa-
vicinity.
�GRAFTON.
Rivers and Lakes.
Connecticut and
its
rivers, in the
the county.
of
in
Mascomy
branches
in the
water the
Squam Lake,
in the
the southern section,
and
in the south-western section of the county, are the
bodies of water.
principal
its
Part of
Newfound Lake
south-eastern section,
Mascomy Lake
northern part,
The Pernigewasset and
portions
it is watered by the
which are Lower and
section,
tributaries, the largest of
Wild Arnmonoosuc
southern section.
central
In the western
397
The streams furnish abundant water
power, while the lakes prove excellent reservoirs for a constant
The improved horse water
power of the county is 11,6-40.
Boundaries.
North by Coos County, east by Coos, Carroll, and
Belknap counties, south by Merrimack and Sullivan counties,
and west by Vermont. There are thirty-eight towns, of which
twenty-three were incorporated under the reign of George III.,
and fifteen under the State government. Incorporated March 19,
1771, and received its name in honor of Augustus Henry
Fitzroy, Duke of Grafton.
Shire towns, Plymouth and Haverhill.
supply of water through droughts.
is
the agricultural county of the State.
It contains 442,738 acres of
improved land, and 230,300 acres of
farming
has 12,748 cows, 6,685 working oxen,
Grafton
Agriculture.
wood
land.
Its
farms are valued at over $ 12,100,000
implements, $ 646,000.
It
14,562 other cattle, 7,135 horses, and 86,681 sheep.
;
annually
It
produces 57,800 bushels wheat, 198,165 bushels corn, 433,000 bushels oats
and barley, 1,078,000 bushels potatoes, 140,000 tons hay
446,000
lbs.
000
maple sugar
lbs.
;
wool, 1,100,000 lbs. butter, 190,000 lbs. cheese, 650,
value of orchard productions, $115,000; val-
;
ue of slaughtered animals, 8 600,000, and total value of all agricultural productions annually raised, $ 4,034,900.
Some of the
finest
farming country
in the
United
States, is to be
found in the
Connecticut valley, in this county.
Manufactories.
manufactures are varied and important, but
Its
not as extensive as in some of the southern counties in the State.
There are annually produced, furniture, doors,
er
wood work
to the value of $ 1,000,000
;
and
sash, blinds
oth-
woolen goods, $694,
men's and women's hose, t 213,000 lumber,
and meal, $ 583,000 leather, $ 319,000 starch,
bebuck and leather gloves and mittens, $ 140,000
$ 150,000
sides, machine shop work, and other manufactures too numerous to
mention.
There are 658 manufactories, of all kinds, representing
000
;
paper, $330,000
$ 948,800
;
;
flour
;
;
;
;
;
�398
coos.
a capital of $ 2,771,000, employing 2,635 males and 417 females,
with an annual pay roll of $ 1,232,000, and producing goods to the
value of $ 5,775,900.
Railroads. There are twenty towns in the county through some
There are also five
which a railroad passes.
towns on the Connecticut River, which are well accommodated with
railroad facilities by the Passumpsic Railroad, passing alon^ on
portion of
Length of
the opposite side of the river, in Vermont.
railroads,
about 128 miles.
There are 72 churches, and 77 church
Churches.
edifices
num-
;
ber of sittings, 24,631, or 63 per cent, of the whole population of
the county
;
graded
;
value of church property, $ 248,700.
Number
Schools.
of schools in the county, 415, of which 33 are
number of
scholars
—boys,
4,977, girls, 4,391
attendance, for the year, 5,786, or 66 per cent
schools, for the year, 18
$ 189,925
weeks
value of school houses and
;
amount of money annually appropriated
;
average
;
average length of
;
for
lots,
school
purposes, $ 51,684.22, or $ 5.52 to each scholar.
Valuation and Taxes.
The
valuation, as assessed in 1872, was
8 15,037,880— true valuation,
The
$22,556,820.
State,
county
town, and school tax, was $ 288,238.62, or 19 mills on the dollar
true per cent. 12| mills.
Miscellaneous.
males, 19,287
foreign, 17
;
;
Population, in 1870, 39,103
foreign, 2,256
—males,
19,816,
fe-
— natives, 319,
convicted of crime —na-
colored, 41; paupers
;
expenses, $ 30,208
;
persons
Whole number of deaths, through the year
males, 237, females, 244; number died over eighty years of age, 60,
number died with lung disease, 153, or 32
or about 12? per cent
tives, 11, foreign, 3.
;
per cent.
COOS.
This county
and
is
lies in
the extreme northern part of New-Hampshire,
the largest county in the State, extending north and south
76 miles, and averaging, east and west, 20 miles, and having an
area of nearly 1,000,000 acres.
by
lofty mountains,
lies
and
Much
of
its
territory
is
broken
In the southern part
unfit for cultivation.
the larger portion of the White Mountain range, covering an area
of nearly 200 square miles, or 128,000 acres
;
on the west side are
the Stratford Peaks, while near the centre of the county
ebrated Dixville Notch.
is
the cel-
There are many other mountains, which,
�399
coos.
if located in
grand and
the southern portion of the State, would
lofty,
but the towering peak of
be called
Mount Washington
magnitude in this locality.
Mountainous regions, in any country, are generally considered no
more than a barren waste, but these are an exception to the general
For nearly three months, through the sumrule in this country.
mer, nearly every mountain pass is teeming with human life. Here
among these mountains have been reared some of the largest hotels
in the country, which, in elegance of finish and magnitude, would
Here are represented all the style
vie with any city on the globe.
and fashion of society, from the belles of New- York and Boston,
eclipses their
to the tidy waiter girls of Coos,
who
pass
them
their savory dishes
;
from the millionaire and man of fashion to the simple fisherman,
with his basket on his shoulders, and rod in hand, or the bold
mountaineer with his braded staff and hook ready to scale the
and brave the dangers of the lofty mountain sides. The numwho visit these mountains and vicinity, through the
season, is estimated at not less than 20,000, making a constant
population, including help, of 8,000 from two to three months.
The amount derived from this source alone is not less than $ 1,
000,000, and these mountains are of more value to the county, than
are the rich meadow lands on the Connecticut.
Most of the ungranted lands are within the limits of the county,
viz. Dartmouth College, Gilmanton and Atkinson Academies
Wentworth's Location, Crawford's Grant; also Carlisle No. 1,
Webster No. 2, and Hubbard's No. 3.
Rivers and Lakes. The Androscoggin and its tributaries water
its north-eastern portion
the Connecticut and its branches, the
most important of which are Hall's, Indian, Mohawk, Upper Ammonoosuc, Israel's and John's rivers, water the western portion,
while branches of the Saco and Lower Ammonoosuc water the
steeps
ber of people
;
southern part.
A large portion of Umbagog Lake lies
in the east-
ern section, and the chain of Connecticut Lakes lies in the northern section of the county, and they are the most important bodies
Much of the water power remains unimproved. The
improved horse water power is 4,449.
Boundaries. North-west and north by Canada, east by Maine,
south by Carroll and Grafton counties, and west by Vermont. It
contains 26 towns, five of which were incorporated in the reign of
George III., and the remainder by the State government.
Incorof water.
�400
coos.
porated December 24, 1803, under the
name
of Coos, which
is
the
Indian name of the Connecticut, and signifies crooked. The Shire
towns are Colebrook, in the northern judicial district, and Lancaster, in the southern.
Agriculture. It
but
it is
is
a
little
too far north for the raising of much fruit,
the best county in the State for grass and grain, and
attention
given to the growing of livestock.
is
Some
much
of the fiuest
can be found in Whitefield, and in the
The total value of farm pioductions, is $1,395,063 annually; improved land, 120,000 acres, or
$ 11.62 to each acre. In Illinois it is $ 10.87 to the acre.
farm lands
in the State,
river towns, on the Connecticut.
The manufacturing
of lumber is the most extenmore than half of the manufactured products
in the county. 2,634,000 clapboards, 21,176,000 shingles and laths,
and 86,650,000 feet of boards and dimension timber are annually
sawed, and valued at $ 1,427,800. There is flour and meal, % 169-
Manufactories.
sive business, being
000, leather, $101,000, paper, $40,000, woolens, $ 12,000, starch,
$ 143,000, besides, carriages, machine shop and foundry work, and
mechanical work, annually produced, the total amounting to over
$ 2,582,000.
(See tables.)
Valuation and Taxation. Assessed valuation, in 1872, $ 4,946,910
— true
value, $ 7,420,365.
The
State, county,
was $98,272.95, or 19f mills on the dollar
town and school tax
—true
per cent. 13£
mills.
Churches.
There are 24 churches, and 23 church
ber of seatings, 5,050, or 35 per cent, of
its
edifices
population
;
num-
—value of
church property, $ 49,500.
There are 148
Schools.
of scholars
— boys, 1,954,
schools, 11 of
girls,
1,749
;
which are graded
;
number
average attendance at schools
through the year, 2,151, or 60 per cent.; average length of schools
value of school houses and lots, $ 48,125
for the year, 16 weeks,
;
annual amount of money appropriated for school purposes, $ 17,
779, or $ 4.78 to each scholar in the county.
Railroads. The White Mountains Eailroad extends from Beth-
lehem to Northumberland, and forms a junction with the Atlantic
and St. Lawrence Railroad which extends from Maine line to Vermont line. These lines of roads will convey persons direct to almost any section of the country
county 75.
;
number
miles of railroads in the
(See tables.)
Miscellaneous.
Population in 1870,
14,932
—males,
7,955, fe-
�GENERAL SUMMARY OF THE STATE.
males, 6.977; foreign, 1,015
crime
—
natives, 2
support, $ 14,560.
;
paupers
;
colored, 10
—natives, 80
Number
persons convicted
;
foreign, 60
;
of deaths for the year,
cent.;
;
of
expense of
— 83 males, and
number died over 80 years of age, 7,
number died with disease of the lungs, 52,
79 females
401
;
or over 4 per
or over 32 per
cent, of all the deaths.
GENERAL SUMMARY OF THE
STATE.
New-Hampshire is bounded north by Canada East, east by Maine,
by the Atlantic Ocean and Massachusetts, south by
Massachusetts, and west and north-west by Vermont and Canada
East.
It is situated between 42° 40' and 45° 16' north latitude,
and 70° 35' and 72° 27' longitude west from Greenwich, or 5° 30'
and 6° 15 longitude east from Washington. Its extreme length
running north and south is 168 miles.
Greatest width, measuring
south-east
v
from the easternmost point in the town of Rye due west to the
Connecticut River, is 90 miles. North of latitude 43° it gradually decreases in width, and at its northern extremity is only 19
miles wide.
The area
is
9,280 square miles, or 5,939,200 acres, of
which about 100,000 are covered with water.
The
State
is
divided into ten counties and 236 towns and
besides several grants in Carroll, Grafton
and Coos
the towns three were incorporated in the reign of Charles
during the reign of Gharles
II.,
two under William
der Queene Anne, fifteen under George
George
86 under George
I.,
cities,
counties.
III.,
I.,
Of
one
two ununder
thirty-seven
and 90 under State government.
hills, valleys and
plains, dotted with silver lakes and lined with sparkling streams.
The soil is varied, some being of the best quality, and some more
sterile and requirnig more cultivation, but the advantages of a home
market largely make up for some of its hard and rough soil, and
The
II.,
surface
is
III.,
diversified with mountains,
there are but few States in the Union, which produce larger crops
than New-Hampshire.
Its mountain streams furnish
some of the best water power in the world, which has built up
manufacturing cities and large villages in every section of the
to the acre
�GENERAL SUMMARY OF THE STATE.
402
Around these villages are fine farms and thrifty farmers,
who always find a ready market for all their surplus productions,
Their sons and daughters, who do not prefer
at advanced rates.
agriculture, can find other employments near their own homes,
State.
either in teaching, mercantile or mechanical
to suit the diverse genius of all classes.
It
work of every variety
is
a noted fact that the
any country with mountains, hills valleys,
more diversified
plains, lakes and rivers, the more diversified are the people who
Nature never designed that
live there in their occupations of life.
the gifts or ingenuity of all men should be alike, any more than it
designed that they should look alike, and if they are placed in a
position where there is no chance to receive the rudiments to develop their natural genius, it must always remain latent, and they
or the world will never receive any benefit from the gifts which nature has bestowed upon them. The employments af the people of
is
New-Hampshire
which they
;
are as varied as the surface of the country in
While New-Hampshire manufactures 148
live.
differ-
ent kinds of goods, Georgia, with three times the population, pro-
duces only 65
;
Illinois,
tants, produces 210,
with eight times the number of inhabi-
and Massachusetts 325.
If a person's genius
not adapted to the profession which he pursues through life, one
half of his time is thrown away. Two men are brought up on farms
is
in Illinois
— one
is
a natural farmer, while the other
machinist, but he does not
know
it,
and
in those
is
a natural
broad prairies
no chance to find it out, so he leads an indolent life all his
and is called lazy by his neighbors, while the other man is
days,
prosperous and happy. If this natural machinist had lived in
New England, he would have found out his calling and followed
The greater the variety of labor in any country, the more rapid
it.
there
is
the accumulation of wealth and the more general the diffusion of
among
the people.
If Illinois, in proportion to
its
it
population,
had as many men and women employed as New-Hampshire, it
would set 26,360 males and 76,690 females at work who are now
lying idle, and are consumers instead of producers, and if paid
the same wages as others receive who work in that State, they
would earn enough in five years to build and equip all the railroads now running through Illinois. This is enough to show that
hills and mountains in any country are no curse to the inhabitants,
•but rather a blessing and far preferable to continuous broad plains,
if they are fertile and productive.
�GENERAL SUMMARY OF THE STATE.
403
Agriculture.
As we have said, much of the territory of NewHampshire is unfit for cultivation, being broken in the northern
section by lofty mountains, while in the southern portion a large
majority of the inhabitants are engaged in manufacturing.
The
best farming district of the State, or where
more of the peo-
ple are engaged in agriculture than all the other professions,
is
in
the Connecticut River valley, or the towns bordering on that river,
being twenty-five in number, and extending from Hinsdale,
Massachusetts
line, to
Clarksville in Coos County.
on
Six of these
towns, respectively, do a manufacturing business of over $ 350,000,
annually, two of them amounting to over $1,200,000 each; but
the main business
is
agriculture, through this valley.
In 1870 these
twenty-five towns contained a population of 40,4:63 inhabitants,
and the area of improved land, including pastures, was 375,820
acres.
The intervals and meadows are very rich and productive,
but in many places are narrow, and the widest points do not extend more than one mile from the river to the hills, which generally rise quite abrupt,
The
first fifteen
making
the finest pastures in the country.
towns, from Massachusetts up as far as Bath, pro-
duce large crops of corn, but the towns above that point, are too
make it a lucrative business. These fifteen towns an-
far north to
nually produce over 247,000 bushels of corn, or more than onefifth
of the corn produced in the State.
cellent for sheep,
and
The
hill
pastures are ex-
this valley contains two-fifths of all the
sheep
grown in the State, viz. 94,923, the whole number being 248,760.
The total value of all kinds of agricultural products annually
raised,
It
is
$ 3,759,203, or $ 92.90 to each inhabitant of the valley.
this is one of the best farming
must be remembered, although
districts in the State or country, still there is a large
manufacturing done, but
State.
Many men who
less
amount of
in proportion than the rest of the
are rated as farmers do considerable me-
The whole amount paid
chanical work during the year.
chanical labor, annually,
is
for
me-
$1,327,000, or about $32.84 to each
The number of persons engaged in professional services, trade, and transportation, is 2,500, earning $ 1,500,
000 annually, or $ 37.00 to each person. The total amount annuperson in the
district.
ally received for labor, including
or $ 162.79 to every man,
New-Hampshire
farm productions,
woman and
is
$6,581,203,
child in the valley, on. the
side of the river.
Probably there are but few
districts of
this
area of territory,
�404
GENERAL SUMMARY OF THE STATE.
where farming
which can equal
is
occupation of the inhabitants
the principal
For the information
New-Hampshire farmers a few comparisons will be given of
other rich farming districts in this country, to show that there are
but few localities where the people earn more money than in the
Connecticut Valley, and if possible to dispel this false idea that
more money can be earned in the West than in New England.
Madison County, in Illinois, which contains the city of Alton, is
considered and is one of the best farming districts in the State.
In 1870 there were 44,131 inhabitants in the county, and 357,000
this district in its resources.
of the
acres of improved land, annually producing 1,207,181 bushels winter wheat,
corn, being six times the amount
number bushels of corn raised in
of New-Hampshire.
The total value of agricul-
and 2,127,540 bushels
of wheat and nearly double the
the whole State
tural
productions of all varieties was $3,727,000, or $84.41 to
each person in the county,
it
annually pays for mechanical labor
1586,591, or $ 13.29 to each inhabitant. The number of people en-
gaged
in professional services, trade
and transportation
is
2,700,
and
annually earning $ 1,620,000, or $ 36.^2 to each person. The total
amount annually received for labor of all professions and including agricultural productions,
$ 5,913,789, or 813-4.52 to every in-
is
habitant, and being $ 28.27 less for each person in the county than
in the twenty-five towns in the Connecticut Valley.
of Madison county
now have a
surplus
left
If the people
over their expenditures,
and their receipts were as large as in the New-Hampshire district,
w ould annually increase this surplus $1,247,583, or enough to
build and equip forty miles of railroad. These statements are no
fiction, but are taken from official statistics and show conclusively
that the great farming districts in Illinois do not compare with
it
7
the agricultural district in the Connecticut Valley, in
its
resources
from labor.
Windsor County,
in the State.
in
Vermont,
is
the largest agricultural county
It contains a population of 36,063,
and has 398,106
acres of improved laud, with an annual production of $ 3,479,098,
or $ 96.18 to each person.
There
is
annually paid for mechanical
labor, $ 655,495, or $ 18.19 to each person.
2,200 are engaged in
and transportation, who annually receive for their services, $ 1,320,000, or $36.90 to every inhabitant
in the county.
The total amount annually received for labor, induing farm productions, was $ 5,454,593, or $ 151.28 to each person
professional business, trade
�GENERAL SUMMARY OF THE STATE.
and $ 11.51
than the Connecticut
less
district in
405
New-Hampshire.
This valley has the capacity of maintaining a population of 100,
000, when the inhabitants are fully aware that they have the best
A
railroad passes
and finest farming district in the Union.
through or near every town except three in the district. In 1872
the people gave in under the law, $ 1,714,607 as money on hand or
'
at interest,
and
in stocks,
and the State treasurer returned to their
banks in the
credit $ 1,246,199 as deposited in the various savings
The towns belonging to the Connecticut valley in New
Hampshire, are Hinsdale, Chesterfield, Westmoreland and Walpole in Cheshire County Charlestown, Claremont, Cornish and
Lebanon, Hanover, Lyme Orford,
Plaintield in Sullivan County
Piermont, Haverhill, Bath, Monroe, and Littleton in Grafton
County Dalton, Lancaster, Northumberland, Stratford, Columbia,
Colebrook, Stewartstowu, and Clarksville in Coos County.
State.
:
;
;
There are other fine larming districts in the State, but none as
There are ten or twelve towns in the vicinity of Win-
extensive.
nipiseogee Lake, the larger portion of the
it
One
which are good agricultural towns.
ton) in proportion to
State, being
population,
its
is
number lying south
of
of these towns, (San born-
the best tarming town in the
§ 172. to each person in town, in
its
agricultural pro-
ductions.
The number
of acres of improved land, in the State,
is
2,334,483
;
wood-land, 1,047,690 acres; value of farms, $ 80,589,313; farming
implements, $ 3,459,943
;
total
amount annually paid
the farms, including board, $2,319,164;
on
farm
lor labor
total value of all
productions, including betterments, $ 22,473,547, or $ 70.67 to each
inhabitant in the State.
The number of persons from
ten years of
age and upwards, engaged in farming,
is
54
fuller details, see
to
each person thus employed.
For
46,593, averaging $482.
agricul-
tural tables.
Manufactories.
As has been
seen in the foregoing pages, the
people are largely engaged in manufacturing, and
it
is
increasing
rapidly in all sections of the State.
It should be remembered that in looking over the value of goods
annually produced in the various towns and manufactories, the
amount of receipts vary largely from the sum paid for labor, whol-
ly through the value of the
raw material before it is wo.ked. In
about one sixth the value of the whole goods
after they are manufactured, boots and shoes over one quarter,
cotton goods, labor
is
�GENERAL SUMMARY OF THE STATE.
406
woolen, nearly one sixth, furniture and carriages, one third, leather tanned, one ninth, lumber, one fourth, flour
and meal, one
thir-
ty-second part, stone dressed, over one half, and cotton prints, one
twentieth.
For
factories in
instance, they
pay
in the cotton
and print manu-
Dover, for labor, $ 570,000, and annually produce
goods viz. prints and cotton cloths, to the value of $ 4,687,000 in the
stone yards and ledges at Concord, they pay $ 350,000 for help,
;
and
sell
stone to the
towns where
grist
amount of $ 700,000.
It will also
be seen, in
and lumber mills are the principal manufacto-
that the pay is rated small, for the reason that men are not
employed through the season, or all the time, consequently, they
ries,
are only paid for labor done.
Cotton Manufactories.
The manufacturing
of cotton goods, of
various kinds, exceeds that of any other business in the State, the
sales
amounting
to
242,955,000 yards valued at $ 30,612,000.
The
value of goods manufactured, has increased over $ 8,000,0000 within four years.
(See tables.)
Boots and Shoes.
State.
This branch
is
the next largest business in the
4,867 males, and 846 females are employed,
who annually
receive for their labor, $ 2,721,000 and manufacture 9,588,000 pairs
men's and women's boots, shoes and brogans, valued at $ 11,706,
000.
Much
of the stock for these shoes
is
cut out in the large bout
and shoe manufacturing establishments in Massachusetts, and sent
The larginto New-Hampshire to be worked into boots and shoes.
er portion of those, made in Rockingham County, come from these
(See Rockingham County, also tables.)
manufactories.
Woolen Goods. Woolen goods come next in the amount of re$ 9,222,000, annually. All kinds of woolen fabrics are
manufactured, such as carpets, horse blankets, beavers, tricots, cassimeres, flannels, of all varieties, delaines &c. In Franklin are manceipts, viz.
ufactured fancy shirting flannels, of the finest quality, there being
The above cotton and
do not include cotton and woolen hose manufacwoolen goods
nearly thirty different styles or patterns.
tured.
Iron and Machine Work.
Next
in order is
the iron and ma-
chine work, which amounts to over $ 7,500,000 annually.
This
branch of business has increased very rapidly since 1870, especially in Manchester and Nashua.
Lumber. This business is an important branch, and is increasing from year to year, but the worst feature of
it is,
that the raw
�GENERAL SUMMARY OF THE STATE.
material
exhaustive, aud
is
statistics are
hard
pared for market.
in
many
the labor and the lumber pre-
In some instances the labor
down of
the cutting
the
other cases,
it
commences
The
reckoned from
is
ready for the market, while
tree,- till it is
the expense of the labor.
The lumber
disappearing.
fast
is
sum up between
to
407
at the mill,
which
per thousand,
price
not half
is
lumber
for
standing, (especially in the northern section of the State,)
is
nominal, compared with that of the sawed timber, ready for
the whole increase
is
and
in labor, capital,
given in as $ 1,209,600 annually,
merely
sale,
and
The labor here
profit.
no doubt, more than
There are 762 saw mills in the
State, representing a capital of $ 3,272,000, employing 3,392 hands,
a part, or whole of the year, who are represented, as annually receiving for their labor, $ 1,209,600, and sawing 6,528,000 clapboards,
69,508,000 shingles and laths, and 305,048,000 feet of boards and
falls short,
$ 1,000,000 of the true amount.
dimension timber valued at $ 5,174,900.
This amount includes
lumber sawed, planed, and grooved.
The next important
Tanneries.
The number
ed, $ 927,000
year,
is
693
;
of tanneries
;
business
the State,
is
tanning leather.
is
71
capital invest-
;
number of hands employed, the whole
or part of the
annual pay-roll, $347,500; value of leather tanned,
The currying
$ 3,265,100.
in
business
and dressed
skins,
is
about
$ 1,720,000 annually.
The paper manufactures have increased their business
The receipts, at that time, were
Paper.
over
fifty
per cent since 1870.
$ 1,913,635
at the present time
;
it is
nearly $ 3,000,000 annually.
The number of persons employed
Hosiery.
in this business, is
295 males, and 880 females; value of goods manufactured, $ 2,016,
There are but three States in the Union which exceed New000.
Hampshire
in this
branch of industry.
Furniture, Chairs, &c.
The
(See tables.)
receipts
from
this business, are
over
$ 2,000,000 annually.
The above are some of
but there are
many
the most important branches of industry
others that are important, such as flour
and
sash, blinds, and doors, $ 700,000
meal productions, $ 3,563,400
carriages, of all kinds,
freight and passenger cars, $ 650,000
;
;
$ 1,100,000
;
potato starch, $ 400,000
dressed, $ 1,000,000
;
;
harnesses, 3 500,000
musical instruments, $ 200,000
;
;
granite
agricultural
implements, $ 275,000 &c.
The
total
number
of manufactories, of all kinds, in the State,
is
�GENERAL SUMMARY OF THE STATE.
408
The steam horse power is now rated at 9,262 the improv3,389.
ed water power, 69,254; capital invested, $ 42,562,900
males em;
;
ployed, 31,409
$ 19,945,500
value of
;
annual amount paid for labor,
goods manufactured, $ 95,995,500. This
females, 16,667
;
all
;
an increase, in vajue of goods, of over § 24,000,000, since 1870.
Productions of the soil. $ 22,473,547 mechanical laResources.
debor $ 19,995,500 stocks and money at interest, $ 10,454,187
is
;
;
;
posits in savings banks, in the State, * § 22,132,399
;
stock in trade,
The
$8,362,586.
assessed valuation of the State, in 1872, was
These assessments are made on a basis of two-thirds
$ 153,187,177.
For instance, a town
having savings bank deposits of $ 150,000, was only placed at
S 100,000 in assigning the proportional tax, which belonged to the
of the actual value of the property assessed.
several towns to
pay
as their share of the State tax, on every one
thousand dollars raised. This
is
expressly against the law, provided
for in the assessment of property for taxes, but a constant
ing practice goes far ahead of any
The
919;
total
total
768,582.73
75
number
in 1873,
;
of ratable polls, in the State, in 1872, was 82,
town debts
;
total
it
in the State, over available assets,
;
engaged
;
the total State debt, in 1872,
in 1873, $ 4,132,160.82.
Professional Business, &c.
shire,
was $4,
tax committed to the collectors was $ 2,610,263.
was S 2,376,495.03
was $ 4,138,124.26
and grow-
New-Hampshire Statute Law.
in professional
In 1870, there were in
business,
New-Hamp-
trade and transportation,
27,046 persons, or 85 per cent, of the population. This class consists
of clergymen, physicians, lawyers, bankers, teachers, of every pro-
merchants, peddlers, soldiers of U. S. army, hotel keepers,
fession,
clerks, booi-c-keepers,
day laborers, hucksters, railroad and express
managers, and their employees, telegraph operators,
a basis, call their pay each at S 600 per annum, and
to $ 16,227,600.
if
This
is
is
&c.
As
would amount
much higher,
The stock and money at in-
a low estimate, and might be
the actual figures could be obtained.
terest
sailors,
it
probably over $ 20,000.000, for
it
depends wholly on the
statement of those persons holding them, and they use the argu-
ment that other people are not taxed on the
full
value of their
property.
New-Hampshire have over $ 10,000,000 deposited in the
This takes out of New-Hampshire $100,000 as taxes,
anil places $75,000 in the treasury of Massachusetts.
The people of New-Hampshire have always catered to the interests of the Bay State.
*
It
is
estimated, that the people of
TBrious savings banks in Massachusetts.
�RAILROADS.
The
Total Income.
(including
farm
$ 19,995,500
;
total
income of
productions,
409
people in the State,
all the
$ 22,473,547
mechanical
;
deposits in savings banks, S 1,328,000
;
labor,
on
on deposits in savings banks
professional services, etc., $ 16,227,600
;
interest
on stocks, bonds, and money at
out of the State, $ 60 ^,000
;
interest, $ 1,200,000
$ 61,824,644, or % 200 to each person in
is
)
;
interest
the State, and over $ 748 to eyery ratable poll.
No
State west of the Alleghany Mountains has as large a re-
source, in proportion to
its
population, as New-Hampshire, by over
$ 15 to each inhabitant, and the great commercial State of
York
is
cities
of
lars to
The
no better.
New-
resources of New-Jersey, between the
New- York and Philadelphia,
fall
short
more than ten
two
dol-
each person in the State.
RAILROADS.
Thirty-five years ago there was not a length of railway track in
New-Hampshire.
way
At
that date no iron horse
had ever wound
its
beside her river banks or through her mountain passes, and his
had never echoed through her deep, dark forests but
day nearly every hamlet in the State can hear the clarion sound
of the locomotive and see the white, curling smoke as it hovers o'er
shrill whistle
;
to
the track of the swift passing train.
New-Hampshire has now,
1874, over 890 miles of railroad, owned by thirty-two corporate
companies, and built at an expense of over S 30,000,000.
As a
the
general thing, the railroads of this State have been undei
management of
respectable and business men,
who have
not
pocketed the stock nor profits of the roads, at the expense of the
stock-holders.
It
may
be true that some roads have been built at
a greater expense than what the business on them will pay, and the
may have depreciated in value, but the only parties that have
made any money by it are the public, and the people in the towns
stocks
through which such roads pass.
There have never been any such
bare-faced swindles in this State, in rail-road speculations, as those
perpetrated on the noted, staid, and industrious people of Vermont,
where the whole expense of the
first
construction of their roads,
�410
RAILROADS.
has been squandered, or found
its
way
into the pockets of
better fitted to grace the cells of a State's prison than the
men
manage-
ment of auy railroad.
The following gives the standing and number of miles of rail-road
and the towns through which they pass or touch. There may be
some errors in stating all the towns, for in many instances it touches
the town but a few rods, while in others it lacks but that distance.
Ashuelot Railroad. This road extends from Keene to South Vernon, Vermont. It leaves Keene and passes through Swanzey, Winchester and Hinsdale.
Distance in New-Hampshire, 23 miles.
Miles annually run by passenger trains, 15,995 by freight trains,
;
32,150 miles.
This road is leased to the
Atlantic and St. Lawrence Railway.
Grand Trunk Railway, of Canada, for the term of 999 years; and
leads from Portland, Maine, to Montreal, Canada.
It passes in
New-Hampshire through the towns of Shelburn, Gorham, Berlin,
south-east corner of Dummer, Stark, Northumberland and Stratford
on the Connecticut river. Whole distance in the State, 52 miles.
Miles run by
all trains,
885,313 annually.
Extends from Boston
Boston and Maine Railroad.
to
South
Berwick, Maine, 74 miles, thence on the Boston and Maine Extension to Portland.
In this State, it passes through the towns of Atkinson, Plaistow, Newton, Kingston, East Kingston, Exeter, South
Newmarket, Newmarket, Durham, Madbury, Dover, Rollinsford
Great Falls branch,
and Somersworth, distance about 35 miles.
3 miles.
Annual receipts from passengers, $ 1,092,600, freight,
—
$ 813,000, mails, $ 14,000, rents, $ 43,000.
R
Extends from Concord,
Boston, Concord and Montreal
tilroad.
through Canterbury, Northfield, Tilton, Belmont, Laconia, Gilford,
Meredith, New-Hampton, Ashland, north corner of Bridgewater,
Plymouth, south-west corner of Campton, Rumney, Wentworth,
Warren, south-west corner of Benton, Haverhill to Wells River,
Vermont, distance, 93
miles.
This
is
road, under one control, in the State,
the longest continued line of
and
Receipts— from passengers, $231,000,
is
well managed.
freight,
$417,000, mails,
$ 10,000, express, $ 8,000.
Extends from Bellows Falls, in Vermont,
Westmoreland, south-west corner of Surry,
Cheshire Railroad.
through Walpole,
Keene,
Rindge
Marlborough, Troy, Fitzwilliam,
to
Winchendon, Mass.
Whole
south-west corner of
length of road, 53 miles;
�411
KAILROADS.
in
New-Hampshire, about 42 J
This road
miles.
is
the connecting
link between Burlington (through Rutland) and Boston.
The num-
ber of passengers carried one mile on this road, in 1872, was 6,139,
685
tons of freight, one mile, 22,909,589.
;
year, from all sources, $824,763.34
Concord Railroad.
sett,
;
Total receipts, for the
total expenses, $ 640,912.16.
Extends from Concord, through Bow, Hook
Manchester, Bedford, Merrimack to Nashua, 35 miles.
road has two tracks, and
is
Thi&
one of the best lines in the country for
the distance, the annual receipts amounting to over $ 1,040,000, and
the expenses, $ 688,226.
The number of passengers
carried one
mile, 13,333,060.
Contoocook River Railroad.
Henniker
to
Extends from Hopkinton, through
Hillsborough Bridge, distance, 15 miles.
Receipts,
$ 44,000, expenses, % 30,000.
Concord and Portsmouth Railroad.
Extends from Concord,
through Pembroke, Allenstown, Hooksett, Manchester, Auburn,
Candia, Raymond, Epping, South Newmarket, Stratham, Green-
land and Portsmouth, distance, 58 miles.
This road is run in conand under the management of the Concord Railroad,
and its cars are run over their track through Hooksett.
Dover and Winnipiseogee Railroad. Extends from Dover, through
Rochester, Farmington, New-Durham to Alton Bay, where it connects with Steamboats to various points on Lake Winnispeogee.
The whole length of road is 28J miles. It is under the
management of the Boston and Maine Railroad.
Eastern Railroad, in New-Hampshire. This, with the Eastern
Railroad of Massachusetts, and the Portland, Saco and Portsmouth,
connects Boston with Portland, distance, 107 miles, That portion
in New-Hampshire is 16 miles, and extends through Seabrook,
Hampton Falls, Hampton, North Hampton, Greeuland, west corner of Rye, and Portsmouth.
nection, with
Peterborough and Shirley Railroad. The length of this road, in
New-Hampshire, is about 91 miles, and extends from Massachusetts
line through Mason, south border of Wilton to Greenville.
It is
managed by the Fitchburg Railroad.
Manchester and Lawrence Railroad. Extends from Manchester,
through Londonderry, Derry, Windham, Salem, to Lawrence, MasThe distance in this State, is about 22£
sachusetts
26 miles.
—
miles.
Receipts of the road, $ 177,000
managed by
the Concord Railroad.
;
expenses, $ 76,000.
It is
�412
RAILROADS.
Manchester and North Weare Railroad.
Extends from Manchesto Weare,
19 miles. It is under the management of the Concord Railroad.
Merrimack and Connecticut River Railroad. Extends from Concord, through Hopkinton, Warner, the southern portion of Sutton
through Goffstown, north-east corner of New-Boston,
ter,
to Bradford, 27 miles.
It
is
managed by
Receipts, $ 131,000
the Northern Railroad.
;
expenses, $ 101,000.
This road together with
the Sugar River, and
Contoocook Valley Railroad, have been
formed into one corporation, called the Concord and Claremont
(N. H.) Railroad.
Monadnock Railroad.
Extends from Winchendon, Mass., to
Its length, in New-Hampshire, is 13J
miles, and extends through Rindge, Jaffrey and Peterborough.
This is a new road with no through connection on any of the great
lines, but it now pays more than the running expenses.
Mount Washington Railroad.
This road extends from the base
of the White Mountains, to the summit of Mount Washington,
Peterborough, 15| miles.
It has been built at
about three miles.
000, and
like
now pays more than running
any other road
of a visit to the mountains.
is
Fare
is
un-
its
track in the
itself and worthy
up and down, $ 4.
This is a new road, and the
a novelty in
— up, $
Nashua, Acton and Boston Railroad.
cars went over
The track
in the world, and, together with the invention
of the brakes to hold the train,
first
an expense of nearly $ 200,
expenses.
summer
3.
of 1873.
It
forms a con-
necting link, which gives a direct railroad communication between
northern and central New-Hampshire, with Providence, New-Bedford and other cities in that section of Massachusetts and
Island.
in
It
is
New-Hampshire.
Nashua and Lowell.
a quarter of which
double track and
is
is
It
may
Extends
to Lowell, fourteen miles, five
from Nashua to Massachusetts
line.
and
It has a
one of the best managed roads in the State.
Cost of road, $ 737,000
% 521,000.
Rhode
nearly twenty miles in length, about five of which are
;
annual
receipts,
be necessary to
$ 603,000
state, that the
;
expenditures
Wilton, Stony
Brook, Salem and Lowell, and Lowell and Lawrence railroads are
managed by the Nashua and Lowell, and the above is the total receipts
and expenditures, of
Nashua and
Rochester.
all these roads.
A
new road now
being built, and
It
extends from Nashua, through Hudson, north-
ern part of Pelham,
Windham, Deny, Hampstead, Saudown, Fre-
nearly finished.
�413
RAILROADS.
mout, Epping, Lee, Barrington to Rochester, about
forty-eight
miles.
Northern Railroad. Extends from Concord, through Boscawen,
Franklin, Andover, Wilmot, Danbury, Grafton, south-west corner of
Orange, Canaan, north-west corner of Enfield and Lebanon to White
Vermont length of road, 69£ miles.
owned by the Northern, extends from FrankAnnual receipts,
through Hill to Bristol, thirteen miles.
River Junction,
The
lin,
8 706,000
748
in
Hartford,
;
Bristol Branch,
;
expenses, $ 545,000.
Passengers carried one mile, 8,060,
freight carried one mile, 25,057,849 lbs.
;
Extends from East Wilton, through
Peterborough Railroad.
Lyndeborough and Greenfield to Peterborough, about 16J miles.
It is now being built, and nearly completed.
Portland and Ogdensburg. Extends from Portland, Maine, and
cars run to Upper Bartlett, seventy-two miles, of which twenty-two
are in New-Hampshire, running from Maine line, through Conway
to Bartlett.
When completed it will extend through the White
Mountain passes, through Carroll, Whitefield and Dalton to the
Connecticut River.
Portland and Rochester.
Extends from Portland
to Rochester,
only three miles of the road being within the limits of
New-Hamp-
shire.
Portsmouth and Dover.
ed
;
Is
now being
built,
and nearly complet-
extends from Portsmouth, through Newington to Dover, eleven
miles.
Portsmouth, Great Falls and Con-way.
Extends from the Great
Falls Junction, on the Eastern Railroad, in Maine, to North Conway. In New-Hampshire it runs from Great Falls, through Rochester,
Milton, Wakefield, Ossipee, Madison to North Conway, six-
ty-five miles.
Suncook Valley Railroad.
Extends from Hooksett, through Al17* miles.
The road is under
the management of the Concord Railroad.
Sugar River Railroad.
Extends from Bradford, through Newbury, Sunapee and Newport to Claremont Junction, on the Sullivan Railroad, 29 miles. It is managed by the Northern Railroad.
lenstown and
Epsom
to Pittsfield,
Extends from Windsor, Vt., through. CornClaremont and Charlestown to Bellows Falls, Vt., 26 miles. It
operated by the Central Vermont Railroad Co., at an annual rent
Sullivan Railroad.
ish,
is
of $ 25,000.
Receipts, $210,000
;
expenses, $ 151,000.
�414
RAILROADS.
Extends from Woodville, in Haverthrough Bath, Lisbon, Littleton, Bethlehem, Whitefield, Dal-
White Mountain Railroad.
hill,
ton and Lancaster to Northumberland, and forms a junction with
The length of the road,
managed by the Boston, Concord
the Atlantic and St. Lawrence Railroad.
completed,
is
42 miles.
It
is
and Montreal Railroad.
Wilton Railroad. Extends from Nashua, through the southwest corner of Merrimack, southern part of Amherst and Milford to
East Wilton, 15£ miles. The road is under the control of the Nashua and Lowell Railroad.
Extends from Wolfeborough,
Woljeborough Branch Railroad.
through Brookfield to Wakefield, and forms a junction with the
Great Falls and Conway Railroad. The length of the road is 12
The cars commiles, and it is managed by the Eastern Railroad.
menced running over the track in 1872.
Worcester and Nashua. This road extends from Worcester to
Nashua, and is the connecting line from Central New-Hampshire
It is forty-six miles
to New York City, Albany, Niagara Falls, &c.
in length, of which about six and one half miles, are in New-Hamprunning through the south-east corner of Hollis, to Nashua.
shire
;
The length
of all the Railroads in the State finished, or nearly
completed, in January, 1874,
is
Ashuelot,
Atlantic &
131
52
Lawrence,
Boston, Concord & Montreal, .. 93
Boston & Maine with Gt. F. B.* 38
St.
Ports., Gt. Falls
28£
Suncook Valley,
Sugar River,
48
.
. .
&
Conway,
.82£
9£
164
22
3
11
.
.
.65
17£
22£
Sullivan County,
19
White Mountain,
29
26
42
27
Wilton,
15£
131
Wolfeborough,
Worcester & Nashua,
12
16
Eastern,
& Lawrence,
& North Weare,
Merrimack & Conn. River,
Manchester
Manchester
Monadnock,
Mount Washington,
Nashua & Acton,
Nashua & Lowell,
is
Rochester,
58
35
line,
&
15
421
Concord,
Contoocook,
Concord & Portsmouth,
Dover & Winnipiseogee,
* This road
Nashua
Northern & Bristol Branch,
Peterborough & Shirley,
Peterborough,
Portland & Ogdensburg,
Portland & Rochester
Portsmouth & Dover,
Cheshire,
Maine
nearly as follows,
officially called as
only twenty-five miles.
.
.
3
6£
41
5£
893
running in New-Hampshire, from Massachusetts line
It is about thirty-five miles.
to
�THE PRESS OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE.
415
THE PRESS OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE
Daniel Fowle, the
printer in
first
Boston to Portsmouth
day, October
7,
1756.
;
number bearing date ThursThis paper when laid open measured seven-
New-Hampshire Gazette, the
the
New-Hampshire, came from
October and established
in 1756, early in
by ten.
Mr. Fowle had deeply
first
teen inches
first
felt
the pangs of a stifled press
editorial breathed forth that
ple are entitled
to,
his
—
liberty in a free country,
if
and
all peo-
and which the newspaper press of this country
He says: "As the press always claims
enjoying to-day.
is
;
freedom of speech, which
it is
presumed, that none will be offended,
the paper discovers that spirit of freedom which so remarkably
prevails in the English Nation."
From
this small
paper commenced the foundation upon which
In 1850, there were puband periodicals with a circulation of 19,700, and annually issuing 1,024,400 copies in i860
the number of papers, &c, had increased to thirty-eight, with a
circulation of 60,236, and issuing annually, 3,067,552 copies, in
the press of this State stands to-day.
lished in the State, twenty newspapers
;
1870, there were fifty-one papers
and annually
&c, with a
in this State keeps far ahead in
the
circulation of 173,919,
This shows that the press
issuing, 7,237,588 copies.
march of progress and im-
provement, compared with other branches of industry.
The
circulation of newspapers
&c,
in
New-Hampshire, is equal
United States
to one for every person in the State, while in the
it is
only equal to one for every two persons.
NEWSPAPERS PUBLISHED IN THE STATE.
Amherst— Farmer's
Cabinet, published every Wednesday. EstabE. D. Boylston, Publisher and Editor.
Canaan East—The Canaan Reporter, published every Friday. C. O
Barney, Editor and Proprietor.
CLAREMONT-^The National Eagle, published every Saturday. Established in 1834 T. J. Lasier, Publisher and Editor.
lished in 1802
;
;
�THE PRESS OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE.
416
Claremont—Northern Advocate,
lished in 1840; J.
published every Tuesday.
Estab-
Weber, Publisher and Editor.
Claremont—The Compendium, published Bi-weekly.
Established
H. Story, Publisher and Editor.
Colebrook Northern Sentinel, published every Friday. Established in 1870; Albert Barker, Publisher and Editor.
Concord Concord Daily Monitor, published every evening, except
Sunday, and Independent Statesman, published every Thursday. Monin 1870; S.
—
—
.
Statesman Building.
xtor Established
in 1863;
lican Press Association
;
Weekly,
in 1823,
Published by The Repub-
Edward A. Jenks, Manager.
Concord—The Daily Patriot, published every evening, except Sunday.
New-Hampshire Patriot, published every Wednesday. Established
Daily in 1839
Weekly,
C
Published by E.
and G. G. Bailey.
every Thursday. Established in
1868; Charles C. Pearson & Co., Editors and Proprietors.
Concord Prohibition Herald, published every Tuesday. Established in 1870; Rev. O. H. Jasper, Editor. Published by C. L. Millen.
Dover Dover Enquirer, published every Thursday. Established in
1827; J. R. Varney J. T. S. Libbey, Editors; Libbey & Co., Publishers.
Dover Foster's Democrat, published every Saturday. Established
in 1871; J. L. Foster Editor; George J. Foster, &*Co. Publishers.
Dover Dover Gazette, published every Friday. Established in
1826; Edwin A. Hill, Publisher and Editor.
Dover The Morning Star, published every Wednesday. Established in 1826; George E. Day, Editor; I. D. Stewart, Publisher.
Dover Dover Local Record, published monthly. Established in
1870 E. O. Foss, Publisher and Editor.
Exeter Exeter News- Letter, published every Friday. Established
in 1881 Hon. Charles H. Bell, Editor; Charles Marseille*, Publisher and
;
Concord—The
in 1809.
People, published
—
—
—
;
—
—
—
—
;
;
Proprietor.
�THE PRESS OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE.
'
v
417
W«*u
Journal Office,
in Burleigh's Block.
Franklin— Merrimack Journal, published every Thursday.
M. B.
Goodwin, Editor.
Gkeat Falls Great Falls Journal, published every Saturday. Established in 1867 Edwin Fernald, Publisher and Editor.
Hanover The Anvil, published every Thursday. Established in
1873; Edited by members of Junior Class, Dartmouth.
—
;
—
Hillsborough — Hillsborough Bridge Messenger, published every
Established in 1869; William M. Sargent, Publisher and
Thursday.
Editor.
Hinsdale
—
Star Spangled Banner, published monthly. Established
H. E. Hunter, Editor, Hunter & Co., Publishers.
Hinsdale Hinsdale Mirror, published quarterly. Martin & Co.,
Editors and Proprietors.
in 1863:
—
—
—
Keene Cheshire Republican, published every Saturday. Established in 1827; Julius N. Morse, Publisher and Editor.
Keene New-Hampshire Sentinel, published every Thursday. Established in 1799; T. C. Rand, Editor; Sentinel Printing Company,
Proprietors; C. J. Woodward, Treasurer.
Keene The United States, published every Saturday. Established
in 1873; H. C. Bartlett, Publisher.
Laconia Laconia Democrat, published every Thursday. Established in 1849; O. A. J. Vaughan, Publisher and Editor.
Lake Village Lake Village Times, published every Saturday. Established in 1868; Martin A. Haynes, Publisher and Editor.
Lancaster Coos Republican, published every Tuesday. Established in 1855; Coos Republican Association, Publishers and Editors.
Lancaster Independent Gazette, published every Wednesday. Established in 1871; Emerson, Hartshorn & Co., Publishers and Editors.
Lebanon Granite State Free Press, published every Friday. Established in 1844 E. H. Cheney, Publisher and Editor.
Littleton White Mountain Republic, published every Thursd'y. Established in 1867
Furber, Publisher and Editor.
Geo.
—
—
—
—
—
;
—
;
C
�THE PRESS OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE.
418
Loudon Ridge—Household Messenger,
Isaac S. French,
lished in 1867;
M.
published monthly.
D., Editor;
Estab-
Messenger Association,
Publishers.
Loudon Ridge—National
in 1866;
&
Smith
Gazette, published quarterly. Established
an advertising sheet.
Co., Publishers and Editors;
Manchester. Manchester Mirror and American, published every
evening, except Sunday and Mirror and Farmer, published every Sat
urday. John B. Clai-ke, Publisher and Editor.
Manchester Manchester Union, published every evening, except
Sunday; and Union Democrat, published every Tuesday. Established
;
—
Daily
in 1863
Weekly,
;
in 1850
;
Campbell and Hanscom, Publishers and
Editors.
Manchester— "New-Hampshire Journal
of Music, published monthly.
Established in 1871 I. S. Whitney, Publisher and Editor.
Established December 30, 1873;
Mieford Milford Enterprise.
George E. Foster, Editor and Proprietor.
Nashua. Nashua Telegraph, published every evening, except Sunday and New-Hampshire Telegraph, published every Saturday. Es
tablished Daily in 1869; Weekly in 1832; Moore and Langley, Publish;
—
;
ers
and Editors.
NAsnuA— Nashua
Gazettee and Hillsboro Co. Advertiser, published
Established in 1826; B. B. and F. P. Whittemore,
every Thursday.
Publishers and Editors. Also Daily.
Newport New-Hampshire Argus and Spectator, published every
Friday. Established in 1824 Carlton and Harvey, Publishers and Ed-
—
;
itors,
Peterborough—Peterborough Transcript, published every Thursday
Farnum and Scott, Publishers and Editors.
Pittsfield Weekly Star, published every Saturday. Established in
Established in 1848;
—
—
John C. Cashman, Publisher and Editor.
Portsmouth Portsmouth Chronicle, published every morning, except Sunday, and New-Hampshire Gazette, published every Thursday.
Established Daily in 1852; Weekly in 1756; Marston and Freeman, Pub1872;
lishers
and Editors.
Portsmouth — Portsmouth Times, published every evening, except
Sunday, and States and Union, published every Friday. Established Daily in 1868 Weekly in 1863 Thayer and Guppy, Publishers and
;
;
Editors.
Portsmouth—Portsmouth
Journal, published every Saturday. EsBrewster, Publisher and Editor.
Rochester Rochester Courier, published every Friday. Established in 1864; Charles W. Folsom, Publisher and Editor.
Rochester Monthly Miscellany and Monthly Echo.
Strafford Corner Monthly Miscellany, published monthly. Established in 1866; George G. Berry, Publisher and Editor.
Woi.feborough Granite State News, published every Monday. Established in 1860; Charles H. Parker, Publisher and Editor
tablished in 1793; Lewis
—
—
—
—
W.
�419
NATIONAL BANKS.
NATIONAL BANKS.
The
first
National Banks established since the commencement of
the rebellion of 1861, were in 1863.
In October, 1863, there were 66 National Banks; in 1864, 508;
in 1865, 1,513; in 1866, 1,644;
in 1867, 1,642; in 1868, 1,644; in
1869,1,617; in 1870,1,615; in 1871, 1,767; in 1872,1,919. In
1863, the loans and discounts were $5,466,088; in 1872, it had
swelled to the large
amount
in all the banks, in 1872,
The law provided
of $872,520,164.
The
capital invested
was $479,629,000.
to establish these
National Banks
is
that the
United States Treasury a certain amount of United States bonds, and the government
will issue to them, 90 per cent, of the amount deposited, in paper
bank notes, and guarantee to the public the faithful redemption of
The banks receive the inthe notes thus issued, whenever required.
terest specified on the bonds besides what they receive from the
paper currency, which they loan to the public; and this, together
with what they receive on money deposited for safe keeping, makes
parties desiring such bank, shall deposit in the
a very lucrative business, considering the actual capital invested.
This national banking business, is managed by the United States
Comptroller of the Currency.
�420
STATISTICAL TABLES.
TABULAR STATEMENT,
Showing
the
names of National Banks in New- Hampshire,
Capital.
TOWNS.
Charlestown,
their Officers
and
�SAVINGS BANKS.
421
SAVINGS BANKS.
Considerable space has been devoted relative to the standing
of the several savings banks in the State, as to their present condition
and
banks,
There are no money institutions
their officers.
which
State, in
so
many
in the
people have an interest, as in the savings
now numbering over 95,000
depositors, with $29,671,114.18
on deposit. They have increased from twenty-one banks, in 1858, to
sixty-one, in 1873, having at the first date, 23,463 depositors, with
$ 3,588,658.23 on deposit. They were first established as beneficent
institutions, to protect the small funds of
the earnings of farmers and laborers,
who
widows and orphans, and
receive a trifle more than
These savings banks fully establish the
they expend.
theory
of cooperation, and what can be done
by it in any branch of busiNo private money monopoly can stand for a
ness in the State.
moment beside these banks, controled by, 95,000 persons, who own
this vast amount of money, nearly all of which has been accumulated within the past fifteen years, and enough to build, and stock,
all the cotton factories in
the State.
Properly conducted savings banks, are an immense advantage to
They aggregate small and idle sums, and help
up towns in the vicinity where they are located,
the spare change is collected, and sent out of the State,
the community.
largely to build
but
if all
there
is
a question about the practical benefit of such institutions.
It should
be remembered that high usury, for money loaned, incurs
greater risks.
ALTON SAVINGS BANK—ALTON.
Charter expires
Incorporated 1869.
1889.
President Henry Hurd.
Treasurer Amos L. Rollins; salary, not fixed; bond, $25,000
copy of which is on file in office of Secretary of State.
—
AMOSKEAG SAVINGS BANK—MANCHESTER.
Incorporated 1852.
President
Treasurer
Charter perpetual.
Moody Currier.
Moody Currier
salary, $3,800; bond, $ 150,000— a copy
on file in office of Secretary of State.
Clerks— George B. Chandler, Cashier; C. M. Currier, Teller; G. L.
of which
;
is
Hadley, Book-keeper.
ASHLAND SAVINGS BANK—ASHLAND.
Incorporated 1872. Charter perpetual.
President -Nathaniel Batchelder.
Secretary Jonathan F. Keyes salary, $ 200 bond, $25,000
of which is on file in office of Secretary of State.
;
;
—a copy
�SAVINGS BANKS.
422
ASHUELOT SAVINGS BANK—WINCHESTER.
Charter expires 1875.
Incorporated 1855.
President—Everson Cook.
Treasurer—ElleryAlbee; salary, $200; bond, $50,000—a copy of
which is on file in office of Secretary of State.
BELKNAP SAVINGS BANK—LACONIA.
Charter, 20 years.
Incorporated 1868.
President— John L. Perley,
Treasurer—Benjamin P. Gale; salary, $800; bond, $40,000— a copy
of which is on file in office of Secretary of State.
CARROLL COUNTY SAVINGS BANK—WOLFEBOROUGH.
Charter expires 1877.
Incorporated 1857.
President—Blake Folsom.
Treasurer John M. Brackett; salary, $1,300; bond, $45,000
copy of which is on file in Office of Secretary of State.
—
CHESHIRE PROVIDENT INSTITUTION FOR SAVINGS—KEENE.
Incorporated 1833. Charter expires 1893.
President— Wm. P. Wheeler.
Treasurer—Geo. Tilden; salary, $1,500; bond, $100,000—a copy of
which is on file in office of Secretary of State.
BANK—MANCHESTER.
CITY SAVINGS
Incorporated 1859.
Charter pei'petual.
Joseph Kidder.
Treasurer—E. W. Harrington;
salary, $2,000; bond,
President
of which
Clerks
is
on
file
$50,000—a copy
in office of Secretary of State.
—Daniel W. Lane, E. W. Harrington,
CITY SAVINGS
jr.,
paid by treasurei.
BANK—NASHUA.
Incorporated 1863.
Charter expires 1883.
President—E. P. Emerson.
Treasurer E. H. Spaulding; salary, $2,500; bond, $
of which is on file in office of Secretary of State.
Clerk— L. Farnsworth; salary, $ 1,500.
—
—a copy
100,000
CONNECTICUT RIVER SAVINGS BANK—CHARLESTOWN.
Incorporated 1831.
Samuel Webber.
George Olcott
President
Treasurer
which
is
;
on
file
Charter perpetual.
salary,
$ 700
;
—a copy of
bond, $ 35,000
in office of Secretary of State.
CHINA SAVINGS BANK— SUNCOOK.
Incorporated 1869.
Charter expires 1889.
Natt Head.
President
—a copy
Treasurer— C. F. P. Hildreth; salary, $300; bond, $25,000
is on file in office of Secretary of State.
of which
CONWAY SAVINGS BANK— CONWAY.
Incorporated 1869.
Charter perpetual.
—J. B. Shackford.
President
Treasurer—Leavitt H. Eastman; salary, $150; bond, $25,000—
copy of which is on file in office of Secretary of State.
�423
SAVINGS BANKS.
COCHECO SAVINGS BANK— DOVER.
Incorporated 1872. Charter expires 1892.
President—William B. Wiggins.
Treasurer—John C. Plumek; salary to be fixed; bond, $25,000—
copy of which is on file in office of Secretary of State.
Clerks Harrison Haley, Henry H. Hough.
—
DARTMOUTH SAVINGS BANK—HANOVER.
Charter expires 1880.
Incorporated 1860.
Daniel Blaisdell.
Treasurer—N. S. Huntington
President
;
of which
is
on
file
salary,
$900; bond, $35,000—a copy
in office of Secretary of State.
DERRY SAVINGS BANK— DERRY.
Incorporated 1870.
President?—J.
Charter expires 1890.
W. Noyes.
Treasurer—David Currier salary, $250; bond, $25,000—a copy of
which is on file in office of Secretary of State.
;
DOVER FIVE CENTS SAVINGS BANK—DOVER.
Incorporated 1856.
Charter expires
1876.
Oliver Wyatt.
Treasurer— Calvin Hale; salary, $1,100; bond, $40,000—a copy of
which is on file in office of Secretary of State.
President
—Isaac F. Abbot — no bonds.
Clerk
EXETER SAVINGS BANK—EXETER.
Incorporated 1851.
Woodbridge Odlin.
—N. Appleton Shute,
President
Treasurer
of which
Clerk
is
on
file
Charter perpetual.
—a copy
(absconded;) bond, $ 25,000
in office of Secretary of State.
—Nathaniel Shute.
FARMINGTON SAVINGS BANK— FARMINGTON.
Incorporated 1868. Charter twenty years.
President— G. M. Herring.
Treasurer—Thomas F.Cooke; salary $600; bond, $25,000—a copy
of which is on file in office of Secretary of State.
FRANCESTOWN SAVINGS BANK— FRANCESTOWN
Incorporated 1868.
President
Treasurer
Charter expires
George S. Peavy.
Thomas B. Bradford;
copy of which
is
on
file
1888.
salary, $500; bond, $25,000
—
in office of Secretary of State.
FRANKLIN SAVINGS BANK— FRANKLIN.
Incorporated 1869.
Charter expires 1889.
Austin F. Pike.
Treasurer—N. H. Sanborn salary, $ 1,000
which is on file in office of Secretary of State.
President
;
;
bond, $ 35,000—a copy of
FITZWILLIAM SAVINGS BANK—FITZWILLIAM.
Incorporated 1871. Charter perpetual.
President Stephen Batcheller.
Treasurer Milton Chaplin; salary not fixed; bond, $25,000—
copy of which is on file in office of Secretary of State.
�424
SAVINGS BANKS.
GONIC SAYINGS BANK—ROCHESTER.
—
Incorporated 1864. Charter expires 1884.
President Charles A. Foss.
Treasurer Nicholas V. Whitehouse; salary, $200; bond, $25,000
a copy of which is on file in office of Secretary of State.
GORHAM FIVE CENTS SAVINGS BANK— GORHAM.
Incorporated 1872.
Charter expires 1892.
Warren
Noyes.
Treasurer—R. F. Ingalls; salary, $100; bond, $25,000—a copy of
which is on file in office of Secretary of State.
President
IONA SAVINGS BANK—TILTON.
Incorporated 1870.
Asa P. Cate.
Treasurer— William T. Cass;
Charter perpetual.
President
of which
is
on
file
bond, $25,000—a copy
salary, $300;
in office of Seeretai-y of State.
KEENE FIVE CENTS SAVINGS BANK—KEENE.
Incorporated 1868. Charter perpetual.
President Samuel Woodward.
Treasurer -O. G. Dort; salary, $900; bond, $50,000— a copy of which
is on file in office of Secretary of State.
LACONIA SAVINGS BANK— LACONIA
Incorporated 1831. Charter perpetual.
President Albert G. Folsom.
Treasurer Woodbury L. Melcher; salary, $1,000; bond, $40,000
a copy of which is on file in office of Secretary of State.
—
LAKE VILLAGE SAVINGS BANK— LAKE VILLAGE.
Incorporated 1864.
Chartered for twenty years.
Benjamin Cole.
President
Treasurer—Thomas Ham; salary, $300; bond, $25,000—a copy, of
which is on file in office of Secretary of State.
LEBANON SAVINGS BANK— LEBANON.
Incorporated 1869.
President
Treasurer
William
S.
Charter expires 1889.
Ela.
—
Edward A. Kendrick; salary, $1,000; bond, $55,000
copy of which is on file in office of Secretary of State.
Clerk Amelia L. Foster.
—
LITTLETON SAVINGS BANK— LITTLETON.
Incorpoi'ated 1868.
John Farr.
Treasurer— Oscar C. Hatch;
Charter expires
1888.
President
of which
is
on
file
bond, $25,000— a copy
salary, $300;
in office of Secretary of State.
LOAN AND TRUST SAVINGS BANK—CONCORD.
Incorporated 1872. Charter perpetual.
President Jonathan E. Sargent.
Treasurer John V. Barron salary not fixed bond, $50,000
of which is on file in office of Secretary of State.
Clerks Henry J. Crippen, Geo. A. Fernald.
;
—
;
—a copy
�425
SAVINGS BANKS.
MANCHESTER SAVINGS BANK—MANCHESTER.
Charter perpetual.
Incorporated 1846.
Newell.
Treasurer— Nathan Parker; salary,
William
President
of which
on
is
file
P.
$3,800; bond, $ 125,000—a copy
in office of Secretary of State.
Clerks— Charles E. Balch, E. H. Paine,
W. M.
Parker, paid by
Treasurer.
MASON VILLAGE SAVINGS BANK—MASON.
Charter expires 1890.
Incorporated 1870.
Samuel Haines.
Treasurer— Frank B. Heald;
President
of which
is
on
file
salary,
bond, $25,000— a copy
;
in office of Secretary of State.
MECHANIC'S SAVINGS BANK—NASHUA.
Incorporated 1869. Charter expires 1889.
President Henry Parkinson.
Treasurer Cornelius V.Dearborn; salary, $1,200; bond, $50,000
a copy of which is on file in office of Secretary of State.
Clerk Frederick A. Eaton, paid by Treasurer.
—
—
MEREDITH VILLAGE SAVINGS BANK—MEREDITH.
Incorporated 1869. Charter for twenty years.
President Joseph W. Lang.
Treasurer Seneca A. Ladd; salary, $300, including office room }
bond, $25,000 a copy of which is on file in office of Secretary of State.
—
MERRIMACK COUNTY SAVINGS BANK—CONCORD.
Incorporated 1867. Charter expires 1887.
President Lyman D. Stevens.
Treasurer John Kimp.all salary not fixed bond, $ 50,000
of which is on file in office of Secretai'y of State.
Clerk Frank P. Andrews, salary, $40 per month.
—a
;
;
copy
—
MERRIMACK RIVER SAVINGS BANK—MANCHESTER.
President
Incorporated 1858.
Smith.
Charter expires
1878.
Waterman
Treasurer— Frederick Smyth salary, $4,000 bond, $ 100,000
is on file in office of Secretary of State.
W. R. Walker, Joshua S. Morrill, paid by Treasurer.
;
;
— a copy
of which
Clerks
—
MILFORD FIVE CENTS SAVINGS INSTITUTION—MILFORD.
Incorporated 1859. Charter expires 1879.
President William B. Towne.
Treasurer Gilbert Wadleigh salary, $800; bond, $45,000
of which is on file in office of Secretary of State.
—a copy
;
MONADNOCK SAVINGS BANK—EAST JAFFREY.
Incorporated 1869.
President
Treasurer
which
is
on
Charter perpetual.
Oscar S. Bradley.
Peter Upton; salary, $100; bond,
file
$25,000
in office of Secretary of State.
NASHUA SAVINGS BANK—NASHUA.
Incorporated 1854.
Charter perpetual.
—a copy
of
�426
SAVINGS BANKS.
President^-ISAAC Spalding.
Treasurer Edward Spalding; salary, $4,000; bond, $75,000
copy of which is on file in office of Secretary of State.
Clerk G. F. Andrews, $ 1,500 included in treasurer's salary.
—
—
NATIONAL SAVINGS BANK— CONCORD.
Incorporated 1867.
Charter expires 1887.
George A. Pillsbury.
Treasurer—William W. StorrS;
President
copy of which
is
on
file
bond, $ 100,000—
salary, $3,000;
in office of Secretai-y of State.
NEW HAMPSHIRE
SAVINGS BANK— CONCORD.
Charter perpetual.
Incoi-porated 1830.
Joseph B. Walker.
Treasurer— Charles W. Sargent salary, $ 1,500
copy of which is on file in office of Secretary of State.
Clerk—William P. Fiske salary, $ 400.
President
;
bond, $80,000—
;
;
NEW
IPSWICH SAVINGS BANK— NEW IPSWICH.
Charter perpetual.
Incorporated 1849.
President
James Chandler.
Treasurer—W. A. Preston; salary, $300; bond, $ 30,000—a copy of
which is on file in office of Secretary of State.
NEWMARKET SAVINGS BANK—NEWMARKET.
Perpetual charter.
Incoi-porated 1832.
President— George W. Kittredge.
Treasurer—David Murrat salary, $ 150 bond, $ 25,090
which is on file in office of Secretary of State.
;
;
—a copy of
NEWPORT SAVINGS BANK—NEWPORT.
Incorporated 1868.
Charter expires 1888.
Dexter Richards.
Treasurer— Frederick W. Lewis;
President
bond, $50,000—
salary, $1,000;
copy of which is on file in office of Secretary of State.
Clerk John Towne, paid by treasurer.
—
NORWAY PLAINS SAVINGS BANK—ROCHESTER.
Charter perpetual.
Incorporated 1851.
John Mc Duffee.
Treasurer— Franklin Mc Duffee
President
;
salary, $1,500;
—
bond, $50,000
copy of which is on file in office of Secretary of State.
Clerk George Mc Duffee, paid by treasurer.
—
OSSIPEE VALLEY TEN CENTS SAVINGS
Incorporated 1868.
BANK—FREEDOM.
Charter expires 1888.
President—Josiah Thurston.
Treasurer—Elias Towt le; salary, $125; bond, $25,000—a copy of
which is on file in office of Secretary of State.
PETERBOROUGH SAVINGS BANK—PETERBOROUGH.
Incorporated 1843.
Charter perpetual.
President Albert Smith.
Treasurer Mortier L. Morrison; salary, $1,000; bond, $75,000
copy of which is on file in office of Secretary of State.
—
�427
SAVINGS BANKS.
PENACOOK SAVINGS BANK—FISHERVILLE.
Charter expires 1889.
Incorporated 1869.
President—Henry H. Brown.
Treasurer Samuel F. Brown salary, $800; bond, $40,000—a copy
of which is on file in office of Secretary of State.
;
PITTSFIELD SAVINGS
Incorporated 1855.
BANK—PITTSFIELD.
Charter expires 1875.
President—Reuben L. French.
Thomas H. Thorndike
is on file in office of Secretary of State.
Treasurer
;
bond, $ 30,000
—a
copy of which
—John L. French.
Assistant Treasurer
PORTSMOUTH SAVINGS BANK—PORTSMOUTH.
Incorporated 1823.
Charter perpetual.
William Simes.
Treasurer—James F. Shores;
President
salary, $2,500; bond, $130,000— a copy
of which is on file in office of Secretary of State.
Clerk A. C. Hoyt, without bonds.
—
PORTSMOUTH TRUST AND GUARANTEE COMPANY,
PORTSMOUTH.
Incorporated 1871.
President
Treasurer
on
file
Perpetual charter.
George L. Tread well.
Charles H. Rollins; bond,
$35,000
in office of Secretary of State.
—a copy of which
—
—
is
ROCKINGHAM TEN 'CENTS' SAVINGS BANK—PORTSMOUTH.
Incorporated 1867.
Aaron Hill.
Treasurer— John Christie;
Charter expires 1887.
President
salary, $1,800; bond, $25,000
—a
copy of
which is on file in office of Secretary of State.
Clerk—Howard N. Durgin, with salary of $1,200, and bond of
$6,000.
ROLLINSFORD SAVINGS BANK—ROLLINSFORD.
Incorporated 1850.
President
Charter perpetual.
—H. R. Roberts.
Treasurer— W. H. Morton; salary, $1,500; bond, $ 50,000—a copy of
which is on file in office of Secretary of State.
THE COUNTY OF COOS SAVINGS BANK—LANCASTER.
Incorporated 1868.
Charter, twenty years.
Hiram A. Fletcher.
Treasurer—Henry O. Kent; salary,
President
which
is
on
file
$200; bond, $25,000— a copy of
in office of Secretary of State.
SAVINGS BANK FOR COUNTY OF STRAFFORD— DOVER.
Incorporated 1824.
Charter perpetual.
Daniel M. Christie.
Treasurer— Charles Woodman;
President
salary, $1,500; bond, $120,000—
copy of which is on file in office of Secretary of State.
Clerk—Albert Mathes, with salary of $ 1,500, and bond of $5,000.
SALMON FALLS STATE BANK—ROLLINSFORD.
Incorporated 1851.
Renewed
1871.
Charter expires 1891.
�SAVINGS BANKS.
428
—
Paesident H. R. Roberts.
Treasurer—W. H. Morton; salary, $200; bonds, $50,000—a copy of
which is on file in office of Secretary of State.
SANDWICH SAVINGS BANK— SANDWICH.
Incorporated 1872.
President
Treasurer
file
Charter perpetual.
Moulton H. Marston.
William A. Heard bond,
;
$25,000
—a copy of which
is
on
in office of Secretary of State.
SOMERSWORTH. SAVINGS BANK— SOMERSWORTH.
Charter expires 1885.
Incorportaed 1845.
—M. C. Burleigh.
—J. A. Stickney;
President
Treasurer
which
is
on
file
salary, $700; bond, $50.000
—a
copy of
in office of Secretary of State.
SULLIVAN SAVINGS INSTITUTION— CLAREMONT.
Incorporated 1838. Charter expires 1878.
President Daniel W. Johnson.
Treasurer John L. Farwell; salary, $2,700; bond, $70,000
of which is on file in office of Secretary of State.
Clerk Albert Rossiter, paid by treasurer.
—a copy
—
UNION FIVE CENTS SAVINGS BANK— EXETER.
Incorporated 1868.
Charter expires 1888.
William B. Morrill.
Treasurer— George E. Lane; salary, $300; bond,
President
which
is
on
file
$25,000
—a copy of
in office of Secretary of State.
WOLFEBOROUGH SAVINGS BANK—WOLFEBORO UGH.
Incorporated 1871.
President
Treasurer
which
is
on
Stephen Durgin.
Joseph L. Avery
file
;
Charter perpetual.
—a copy of
salary, $600; bond, 25,000
in office of Secretary of State.
WILTON SAVINGS BANK—WILTON.
Incorporated 1864.
Charter unlimited.
Joseph Newell.
Treasurer— Moses Clark; salary, $500; bond, $25,000 a copy of
which is on file in office of Setretary of State.
President
�429
STATISTICAL TABLES.
Numbei
amount
Banks in
of Deposits,
of Depositors,
the State
~
up
and total liabilities of
to May, 1873.
3
,5no $ 2,9S2,454 48
102,740 00
67 5j
2 Ashnelot,...
3 Alton,
4 Ashland
!
5
104
112
775
Belknap
2,600
County,
Cheshire Provident Institution. 5,860
1,900
City, Manchester,
2,80(1
City, Nashua,
1,162
Connecticut River,
150
Cocheco,
6 Carroll
7
China
Conway
Dartmouth,
~
Derry,
Dover Five Cents,
2,041
1.500
Exeter,...
Farmingtou,
Francestown,
Franklin,
Fitzwilliam,
Gouic,
i
Gorham,
341
2.042
3,06
1,005
Laconia
Cents,...
Lebanon,
366
550
357
Littleton,
Lake Village,
Loan and Trust,
Manchester,
Mason
860
442
700
50
168
147
Ioua,
Keeue Five
312
221
1,500
16s
5,002
160
823
Village,
Mechanics,
Meredith Village
395
Merrimack County,..
Merrimack River,. ..
Millord
Munadnock
New-IIamnshire,
Nashua,
3,151
4,232
National,
Newmarket,
New Ipswich,
44|Newport,
665
3,950
1,442
265
3,410
,
579
320
919
1,500
45 Norway Plains,
247
46|Ossipee Valley
Peterborough,
1,717
47
48 Penacook,.
1,281
9,ooo
49 Portsmouth
50 Ports'h Trust & Guarantee Co.,
600
51 Pittsfield
1,62'
52 Rollinsford
3,096
53 Rockingham,
148
54 Sandwich,
285
55 Savings Bank, Coos County,....
56 Savings B. for Co. of Strafford.. 4,643
57 Somersworth,
2,100
58 Sullivan Savings Institution,.. 2,142
69 Union Five Cents
622
60 Wilton,
553
61 Wolfeborough,
94
1
Savings
2J= a
®
HAmoskeag,.
all
7,603
12,191
336,912
491,349
1,672,849
562,068
1,016,377
52
51
77
41
32
40
S-JN9.956
6,250
1,861
12,191
66,911
44,067
:;.".
36
92
51
60
83
119,193 82
31,168 50
70
24-1,800 39
17,592
44,649
51,894
303,218
36,558
393,521
402,517
149,392
107,976
209,732
5,569
40,101
.3
61
89
47
85
33
56
20
81
37
60
51
75
61
61
13,6S1
17,592
23,928
26,103
37,302
8,596
18,f04
42,286
19,282
3,810
90.331
5,569
06
12
39
67
88
22
39
30
51
38
5,467 39
98,744 67
533.411 51
41>i.888 31
305.979 44
63,008 20
101,567 7!
6'
141.391
2,326.079 5:
18.252 56
325,242 42
79,922 66
192,772 90
1,346,896 75
458,818 69
74,204 71
1.088,985 93
1.440.779 13
1,579,829 06
40,434 39
103.882 18
213,348 07
573.536 33
52,964 12
566,001 75
198.192 65
1.937,899 10
349,975 31
128.594 59
636,510 16
425,348 39
26.286 15
27,717 78
1,866,069 90
581.478 84
764.325 03
56,336 10
92,261 67
28.860 91
5,467 39
31,816
58,480
127.574
127,936
47,732
36,124
141,391
215 209
13,054
124.276
26.803
60,029
9,522
44,669
35,171
106,493
215.642
149,636
94
50
89
38
60
75
67
07
40
07
35
65
99
39
79
5S
78
27
3,567 54
3.077 13
60,736 57
17,12"
13,554 00
49,960
214,729
183 136
34,954
125,020
68,526
25.286
91
29
81
59
32
40
15
8,648 78
221,923 12
11,340 71
100,198 47
6,804 85
625 24
28,860 91
$183,742
3,520
879
630
11,169
36,757
21,571
14,915
32,495
5,324
349
61
88
09
22
84
96
39
24
56
23
82
256 26
4,508 22
13,994 13
735 40
16,153 78
4,167
2,476
17,530
18
3,167
184
6,401
38,809
7,577
8.898
3,063
6,416
6,117
119,494
581
14,222
2.598
7,984
55,393
26,894
1,125
100,996
31,925
64.261
31
37
06
98
54
46
53
95
69
87
86
12
37
46
59
56
09
88
01
73
61
37
71
54
26
62
43
15
69
99
93
34
20
12
74
76
49
92
85
20
46
00
81
06
87
04
99
IS. 834 45
41
239.404 98
82.521 07
03
15
92
200,756 93
1,402,289 90
485,713 61
75,-330
39
59
45
1,189.892
1.472,704
1,633,093
41,004
106,010
224,239
593.424
54,581
587.318
52
58
81
970 50
2,127 82
10,891 90
19,S88
1,617 14
21,316
11,798
150,098
107
4,296
39,630
24,077
849
1,066
105,570
31,772
$3,166,197
106,260
8,282
12,821
348,082
528,107
1,694,420
576,983
1,048,873
250,124
17,943
44,906
56,322
317,212
37,294
409,675
414,517
166,360
110,392
227.262
5,588
43.268
5,651
105,146
572.221
426,466
314,877
66,072
107,983
147,509
2,445.573
66
24
45
97
09
87
03
25
33
21
36
739 33
931 98
74
1,070 62
209,990
2,087,997
350,083
132,890
675.141
449.425
27,135
28,784
1,971,640
613,251
765,064
57,268
92,836
29,931
87
89
00
97
79
26
41
89
55
28
68
03
42
40
11
11
20
36
08
46
53
94967 $28,462,539 98'$3,814,321 40 $1,296,242 29 $29,671,114 18
�430
STATISTICAL TABLES.
§
i
^
H
BS
cq
*&>
^
�STATISTICAL TABLES.
©aocoto
t— OS © OS
OS
•g
'><
t-5
1
431
�432
STATISTICAL TABLES.
TABULAR STATEMENT.
Exhibiting the Number, Condition and Progress of the Savings Banks of NewHampshire, in each year, from 1860 to 1873. inclusive,
TEAR.
�433
INSURANCE.
INSURANCE.
There are
Town Fire Insurance Companies.
fifteen organizations
in the State, viz., in Barnstead, Candia, Canterbury,
Dunbarton,
Lyndeborough, Milford, Northwood, Pembroke, Piermont,
The number
Strafford, Sutton, Unity, Weare, and Windham.
Hollis,
of polices
now
losses for the
in operation,
is
;
amount of
risk,
$2,136,460;
expenses, $ 845.28.
This would
2,292,
year 1872, $ 2,116
be about $1.90 per year on $1,000 worth of property insured, or
less than one per cent, for every five years.
Some Mutual Fire Insurance Companies. The Commissioner says
" It
must be apparent to the most casual
them are' dragging out the last thread
of a weak and precarious existence. One or two considerable fires,
to which they are hourly exposed, must inevitably crush them out."
New-Hampshire Fire Insurance Company. E. A. Straw, PresActual Cash Capital, $ 200,
ident, John C. French, Secretary.
Whole number of polices in force, in 1872, 9,200 amount of
000.
risk, $ 10,217,200; amount of loss by fires, and other expenses, $ 60,
They
557.31 amount of receipts in the same time, $ 65,904.49.
The whole
lost by the Boston Fire, in November 1872, $ 8,500.
amount of joint stock or guaranteed capital authorized, is $500,000.
Foreign Fire Insurance Companies. There are about fifty companies doing business under the laws of the State.
The total
amount of premium receipts, for 1872, was $432,571.63. The
amount of losses by fire, and marine disaster, was $ 269,914.78,
leaving a balance of $ 162,556.85, for expenses and interest on
of these Companies
:
observer, that a majority of
;
;
Capital.
At
the
first
glance this large surplus looks like the
in the contribution
and
five
more
box one
man
placing
cent, for the benefit of the heathen,
to defray the expenses in administering the benefit
of the cent to him.
But
guard against devastating
these large
fires,
But if
Hampshire were burned down, the
within the past two years.
«,
premiums are exacted
to
such as visited Chicago and Boston,
all
the cities and towns in
New-
would not be much larger,
than the loss caused by the great fire in Boston. No doubt but
the premium on risks in large cities like Boston and New York,
should be much higher than in the smaller cities and towns in the
country, and it appears a little hard for people living in these small
cities and towns to be charged to pay these heavy premiums, to
loss
�434
POST OFFICES.
save the various Fire Insurance Companies from loss caused by such
occurred in Chicago and Boston.
fires as
Zdfe Insurance Companies.
The number of
life
insurance com-
panies licensed to
do business in New-Hampshire,
They have grown
to large proportions in this State,
stantly increasing through the
heavy outlay in
is
thirty-two.
and are conadvertising, and
the untiring zeal of their agents.
The whole number of
life
polices,
now
in force in this State,
is
amount of premiums received, for the year 1872, $ 703,510.37 amount paid on losses and endowments, $161,123.71, leaving a balance of $542,386.66. The
10,000; amount of risks, $ 14,754,725
;
;
expense of agents with their clerks,
is
about $54,000, annually, which
makes the large sum of nearly $ 500,000 that is sent out of the
State, more than what is received through loss of life, and interest
on premiums. The amount of money which is sent out of the State
annually, through fire and life insurance business, is over $600,000
more than what is received from fire and life risks. This allows
over $ 100,000 for expenses to manage the business in this State
This large amount of money would pay the annual interestalone.
on the whole State debt, and defray the expenses of the State government every year.
It
is
to
be hoped that the people of this State will look at this
question candidly, and establish and sustain institutions of this character belonging to their
money
No
at home.
own
State,
and retain
this vast
amount of
one doubts the practical benefit of both of
and their necessity, but we are loth to believe
any need of annually sending out of the State, $ 600,000
these institutions,
there
is
more money than is received, to secure the blessings of these institutions, which can be sustained in our own State, through the efficient agents now working for these foreign Companies.
NAMES OF ALL THE POST OFFICES IN NEW-HAMPSHIRE,
TOGETHER WITH LAWS REGULATING MATTER SENT BY
MAIL.
New-Hampshire
is
one of the nine States, in which the receipts
exceed the expenditures, the balance being $ 32,500.39, in favor of
the State, in 1872.
The length
of mail route,
and eight miles
is
is
1,828 miles, of which one hundred
by Steamboat, and
five
hundred and forty by
�435
POST OFFICES.
Railroad, and the rest by various conveyances.
Post-offices
is
The number of
four hundred and twenty-nine, as follows
Acworth—Acworth,
East Acworth, South Acworth.
Albany— Conway, and North Conway.
Alexandria—Alexandria.
Allenstown— Allenstown, Suncook.
Alstead— Alstead, Centre Alstead, New-Alstead.
Alton—Alton, Alton Bay, West Alton.
Amherst Amherst.
Andover—Andover, East Andover, West Andover, Potter Place.
Antrim—Antrim, North Branch.
Ashland Ashland.
Atkinson—Atkinson, Atkinson Depot.
Auburn—Auburn
Barnstead Barnstead, Barnstead Centre, South Barnstead, North
—
—
—
Barnstead.
Barrington—Barrington, North Barrington.
Bartlett—Bartlett, Lower Bartlett.
Bath— Bath.
—
Bedford Bedford.
Belmont— Belmont.
Bennington— Bennington.
Benton—Benton.
Berlin
—Berlin Falls.
Bethlehem—Bethlehem.
Boscawen—Boscawen, North Boscawen,
Fishersville.
Bow—Bow.
—
—
Bradford Bradford.
Brentwood Brentwood.
Bridgewater—Bridgewater.
—Bristol.
—
—
—
—
Village, West Campton.
Canaan— Canaan, East Canaan.
Candia — Candia, Candia Village.
Bristol
Brookfield Brookfield
Brookline Brookline.
Cambridge Milan.
Campton Campton, Campton
Canterbury— Canterbury, Shaker Village.
Carroll— Carroll, Twin Mountain House, White Mountain House.
CentAe Harbor— Centre Harbor.
Charlestown—Charlestown, North
Chatham—
Charlestown, South Charlestown.
P. O. Stowe, Maine.
—
Chester Chester.
Chesterfield— Chesterfield, West Chesterfield, Factory
Chichester— Chichester, North Chichester.
Claremont— Claremont, West Claremont.
Clarksville— Clarksville.
Village.
�436
POST OFFICES.
—
Colebbook Colebrook.
Columbia— Columbia, South Columbia.
Concobd Concord, East Concord, West Concord, Mast Yard,
—
Fishers-
ville.
Conway— Conway, Conway Centre,
North Conway.
—Cornish.
Croydon— Croydon, Croydon Flat.
Dalton—Dalton.
D anbury— Danbury, South Danbury.
Danville—Danville.
Deerfield—Deerfield, Deerfield Centre, South Deerfield.
Deerinq—Deering, East Deering, West Deering.
Derry— Derry, Derry Depot, East Derry.
Dorchester— Dorchester, North Dorchester.
Dover— Dover.
Dublin— Dublin
Dummer—Milan, P. O.
Dunbarton— Dunbarton, North Dunbarton.
Durham—Durham.
East-Kingston—East Kingston.
Eaton—Eaton.
Cornish
Effingham—Effingham, South
ham Falls.
Ellsworth —Ellsworth.
Effingham, Effingham Centre, Effing-
—
Enfield Enfield, West Enfield, Enfield Centre.
Epping Epping, West Epping.
Epsom—Epsom, Short Falls.
—
Erroll—Err oil
Exeter—Exeter.
Farmington—Farmington.
—Fitzwilliam,
Fitzwilliam
Fitzwilliam Depot.
Francestown— Francestown.
Franconia— Franconia.
Franklin—Frankl in
Freedom—Freedom.
Fremont—Fremont.
—
Gilford Gilford, Lake Village.
Gilmanton Gilmanton, Lower Gilmanton, Gilmanton Iron Works.
Gilsum Gilsum
—
—
Goffstown— Goflstown.
Gorham— Gorham.
Gosport— Gosport.
Goshen Goshen, Mill
Grafton Grafton
—
—
Village.
Grantham— Grantham, North Grantham.
—Greenfield.
Greenfield
Greenland— Greenland, Eastern Depot, Concord Depot.
Green ville— Greenville
�437
POST OFFICES.
Groton— Groton, North Groton.
Hampstead— Hampstead, East Hampstead, West Hampstead.
Hampton—Hampton
Hampton Falls—Hampton Falls.
Hancock—Hancock.
Hanover— Hanover, Hanover Centre.
—
Harrisville Harrisville, West
Hart's Location Bartlett.
Harrisville.
—
Haverhill— Haverhill, East Haverhill, North
Hebron—Hebron
Henniker—Henniker, West Henniker.
Hill—Hill.
—
Haverhill, Woodsville.
Hillsborough Hillsborough, Hillsboro' Centre,
Hinsdale Hinsdale
Holderness Ashland or Plymouth.
—
Hillsboro' Bridge.
—
—Hollis.
Hooksett—Hooksett.
Hopkinton—Hopkinton, West Hopkinton, Contoocook.
Hudson—Hudson.
Jackson—Jackson.
Jaffrey—Jaffrey, East Jaffrey.
Jefferson—Jefferson
Keene— Keene.
Kensington— Kensington.
Kingston— Kin gs ton
Laconia—Laconia, Weir's Landing.
Lancaster—Lancaster.
Landaff— Landaff, East Landaff.
Langdon—Langdon.
Lebanon—Lebanon, East Lebanon, West Lebanon.
Lee— Lee, Wadley's Falls.
Lempster—Lempster, East Lempster.
Lincoln— Lincoln.
Lisbon— Lisbon, Sugar Hill.
Litchfield—Thornton's Ferry.
Littleton—Littleton, North Littleton.
Hollis
Londonderry— Londonderry, North Londonderry, Wilson's Crossing.
Loudon— Loudon, Loudon Centre, Loudon Ridge.
Lyman—Lyman.
Lyme— Lyme, Lyme Centre.
Lyndeborough—North Lyndeborough, Lyndeborough Centre, South
Lyndeborough.
at Dover.
Madison Madison, East Madison.
Manchester—Manchester, Amoskeag, GoflTs Falls.
Marlborough—Marlborough, Marlborough Depot.
Marlow Marlow.
Mason Mason.
Madbury—Post-office
—
—
—
�438
POST OFFICES..
Meredith—Meredith
Center, Meredith Village.
Reed's Ferry, South Merrimack, Thornton's
Merrimack—Merrimack,
Ferry.
Middleton—Middleton Corner.
Milan—Milan, West Milan.
Milford Milford.
Milton—Milton, South Milton, West Milton, Milton
Mount Vernon Mount Vernon.
—
Mills.
—
Monroe—Monroe, North Monroe.
Moultonborough—Moultonborough.
Nashua— Nashua.
—
Nelson Nelson, Munsonville.
New-Boston New-Boston
—
South Newbury, Chandlersyille.
Newcastle— Newcastle.
New-Durham— New-Durham.
New-Hampton—New- Hampton.
New-Ipswich— New- Ipswich.
New-London— New-London, Scytheville.
Newington— Newington.
Newmarket— Newmarket.
Newport— Newport.
Newton— Newton, Newton Depot.
Northfield—Northfield, and at Tilton, P. O.
North Hampton— North Hampton.
Northumberland—Northumberland, Groveton.
Northwood— Northwood Narrows, Northwood Center,
Newbury— Newbury,
wood.
Nottingham—Nottingham, West Nottingham.
Orange East Canaan.
East North-
—
—Orford, Orfordville.
Ossipee—Ossipee, Moultonville, Ossipee Centre, Water Village, Leighton's Corner, West Ossipee.
Pelh am—Pelham
Orford
Pembroke.— Pembroke, East Pembroke, Suncook.
Peterborough— Peterborough, West Peterborough.
Piermont
—Piermont.
—
Pittsburg Pittsburg, Connecticut Lake.
Pittsfield Pittsfield.
—
—
Plainfield—Plainfield, East Plainfield.
Plaistow Plaistow, Atkinson Depot.
Plymouth—Plymouth, West Plymouth.
Portsmouth— Portsmouth.
Randolph— Gorham, P. O.
Raymond—Raymond.
Richmond— Richmond, North Richmond.
Rindge— Rindge, West Rindge.
Rochester—Rochester, East Rochester, Gonic.
�439
POST OFFICES.
—Rollingsford.
Rollingsford
Roxbury—Keene, P. O.
Rumney—Rumney, West Rumney, Rumney Depot.
Rye— Rye.
Salem— Salem, Salem
Depot, North Salem.
—Salisbury, West Salisbury.
Sanbornton—Sanbornton, North Sanbornton.
Sandown— Sandown.
Sandwich— Sandwich, North Sandwich, East
Salisbury
Sandwich, Sandwich
Centre.
Seabrook.
—
P. O. and Temple P. O.
Shelburne— Shelburne.
Somersworth — Great Falls P. O.
South Hampton—South Hampton.
South Newmarket— South Newmarket.
Springfield—Springfield, East Springfield, West Springfield.
Stark—Stark.
Stewartstown—Stewartstown, West Stewartstown.
Stoddard— Stoddard, South Stoddard.
Strafford—Strafford Corner, North Strafford, Blue Hill, Strafford CenBow Lake.
Stratford— Stratford Hollow, North Stratford.
Strath am—Stratham
Sullivan— Sullivan. East Sullivan.
Sunapee— Sunapee, South Sunapee, George's Mills.
Surry—Surry.
Sutton— Sutton, North Sutton, South Sutton.
Swanzey —Swanzey, Westport, West Swanzey.
Tamworth —Tarn worth, South Tamworth, Tarn worth Iron Works.
Temple—Temple.
Thornton—Thornton, West Thornton.
Seabrook
Sharon— New-Ipswich
ter,
Tilton—Tilton, East
Tilton.
Troy—Troy.
Tuftonborough— Tuftonborough
Corner, Melvin Village, Mackerel
Village.
—Unity, East Unity.
Unity
Wakefield— Wakefield, East
Wakefield, Sanborn's, Union.
Walpole—Walpole, Drewsville.
Warner— Warner, Roby's Corner.
Warren—Warren.
Washington—Washington, East Washington.
Waterville— Campton P. O.
Weare—Weare,
East Weare, Oil Mill, North Weare, South Weare.
Webster— Webster.
Wentworth —Wentworth.
Wentworth's Location— Wentworth's Location.
[Depot.
Westmoreland—Westmoreland, East Wetsmoreland, Westmoreland
�KATES OF POSTAGE.
440
—Whitefield.
Whitefield
Wilmot—Wilmot,
Wilniot Flat.
Wilton, West Wilton.
Winchester Winchester, Ashuelot.
Windham Windham, Windham Depot, West Windham.
Windsor Hillsborough Lower Village, P. O.
Wolfeborough Wolfe borough, North Wolfeborough, South Wolfeborough.
Wilton— East
—
—
—
—
Woodstock—Woodstock, North Woodstock.
RATES OF POSTAGE.
Letters by mail from one post
office to another, for
each half ounce
or fraction thereof, prepaid by postage stamps, 3 cents.
Drop or Local Letters
at letter-carrier offices, for
or fraction thereof, prepaid by postage stamps, 2 cents.
letter-carrier offices,
1
each half ounce
At other than
cent.
Postal Cards, with postage stamps impressed upon them, 1 cent.
For Newspapers and Periodicals issued once a week or more frequently, with postage paid quarterly or yearly in advance, and sent to
actual subscribers, from a
known
office of publication, the rates
are
Newspapers and periodicals each Quarterly rates—
Not exceeding 4 ounces in weight, sent to any part of the United
:
States
— weekly,
5 cents; semi-weekly, 10 cents;
six times a week, 30 cents
;
tri-weekly, 15 cents;
daily, 35 cents.
—
Exceeding 4 ounces and not exceeding 8 ounces weekly, 10 cents;
6emi- weekly, 20 cents tri-weekly, 30 cents six times a week, 60 cents
;
;
daily, 70 cents.
—
Exceeding 8 ounces and not exceeding 12 ounces weekly, 15 cents;
semi-weekly, 30 cents; tri-weekly, 45 cents; six times a week, 90 cents;
daily, $1.05.
—
Exceeding 12 ounces and not exceeding 16 ounces weekly, 20 cents
semi-weekly, 40 cents; tri-weekly, 60 cents; six times a week $1.20;
daily,
$
1.40.
Letters addressed to initials or to a box, without personal address, are
lot deliverable under the rulings of the Department.
Printed cards, containing no writing except the address may be sent
through the mails prepaid by a one-cent postage stamp, if under two
ounces in weight.
Writing on a circular, in addition to the address, subjects it to letter
postage.
—
Two postal cards joined together one containing an inquiry and the
other in blank for a reply cannot be sent by mail.
In such a case it
would be the duty of the postmaster at the mailing office to cancel both,
thus rendering the one intended for reply worthless.
Postage must be paid before delivery on newspapers and other periodicals sent from a known office of publication to subscribers, for not
—
less
than one quarter, nor more than one year, at either the
office
of
�441
RATES OF POSTAGE.
—
mailing or delivery commencing at any time, and to be accounted for
in the quarter in which it is received.
No law was passed by Congress compelling subscribers to regular
newspapers, etc., to pay quarterly postage in the mailing office in advance, after July 1, 1873. They may pay at either office after July 1, as
now.
When a subscriber to a paper or periodical shows a receipt for postage paid at his former residence for one or more quarters in advance,
the publication should be delivered to him for the unexpired time paid
for, provided it is mailed direct from the office of publication and not
remailed from his former residence. If remailed from his former residence (without prepayment of postage), double transient rates must be
collected on delivery.
size, issued less frequently than once a week,
be sent in packages to one address at the rate of one cent for each
package not exceeding four ounces in weight. The postage to be paid
quarterly or yearly in advance.
When packages of newspapers are received at a post-office directed to
one address and the names of the subscribers to whom they belong,
with the postage for a quarter in advance, is handed to a postmaster, he
should deliver them accordingly, provided they are properly folded.
Newspapers having writing on their margins are subject to letter
postage, and postmasters should collect postage at letter rates on all papers having writing on them when found in the mails.
The following are the quarterly rates of postage, when paid quarterly
or yearly in advance, on newspapers and periodicals issued less frequently than once a week, and sent to actual subscribers from a known
Newspapers of small
may
office of publication
Newspapers, magazines, and other periodical publications, each:
Not exceeding four ounces in weight, sent to any part of the United
States semi-monthly, 6 cents monthly, 3 cents quarterly, 1 cent.
Exceeding 4 ounces and not exceeding 8 ounces semi-monthly, 12
cents monthly, 6 cents quarterly, 2 cents.
Exceeding 8 ounces and not exceeding 12 ounces semi-monthly, 18
cents monthly, 9 cents quarterly, 3 cents.
Pamphlets, occasional publications, transient newspapers, maga-
—
;
;
;
;
;
—
—
;
zines, hand-bills, posters, unsealed circulars, prospectuses,
scripts,
book-manu-
proof sheets, corrected proof-sheets, maps, prints, engravings,
blanks, flexible patterns, sample cards, phonographic paper, letter en-
and wrappers, cards, plain and ornamental
paper, photographic representations of different types, seeds, cuttings,
bulbs, roots, scions, and all other matter, which may be declared mailvelopes, postal envelopes
able by law, and all other articles not above the weight prescribed
by law, which are not, from their form or nature, liable to destroy, deface, or
otherwise injure the contents of the mail-bag, or the person of
any one engaged in the postal service, may be sent by mail, prepaid by
stamps at the rate of 1 cent for each two ounces or fractional part thereof, but books, samples of metals, ores, minerals and merchandise,
�MONEY ORDER POST
442
OFFICES.
two cents for each two ounces, or fracAll liquids, poisons, glass, explosive materials,
and obscene books, shall be excluded from the mails. All matter, excepting books and other printed matter, book manuscripts, proof-sheets,
must be prepaid
at the rate of
tional part thereof.
and corrected proof-sheets, shall not exceed twelve ounces in weight.
Samples of metals, ores, and mineralogical specimens shall not exceed
twelve ounces in weight.
Packages of woolen, cotton, or linen clothing, not exceeding two
pounds in weight, may be sent through the mail to any non-commissioned officer or private in the army of the United States, if prepaid, at
the rate of one cent for each one ounce, or fraction thereof, subject to
6uch regulation as the Postmaster General may prescribe.
No package weighing more than four pounds shall be received for
conveyance by mail, except books published or circulated by order of
Congress.
Money-orders, for sums not exceeding $50 on one order, will be issued on deposits with the Postmaster, at any money-order post office,
payable at any one of the designated money-order offices, being the
larger cities and towns in the United States, on payment of the followOn orders not exceeding $ 10, five cents over $ 10 and not
ing fees
exceeding $20, ten cents; over $20 and not exceeding $30, fifteen
cents over $ 30 and not exceeding $ 40, twenty cents exceeding $ 40,
:
;
;
;
twenty-five cents.
MONEY-ORDER POST-OFFICES IN NEW-HAMPSHIRE.
Ashland,
�443
STATISTICAL TABLES.
CHAPTER
V.
Tabular Statement of the population of the
cities
and towns
in the State,
ratable polls, assessed valuation of all the towns, stock in trade,
interest, deposits in savings banks, proportional tax,
town
money
at
debts, clergymen,
lawyers, physicians, merchants, agricultural productions, value of farms,
number of farms, dwellings and families, value of cotton manufactories,
woolen manufactories, boots and shoes, hosiery, paper mills, lumber mills,
grist mills, tanneries, total manufactories in the State, various occupations
of the people in 1870,
in 1870,
number
number
of each kind of manufactories, in the State,
deaths, by towns, in the State, in 1870, centenarians
have died since 1822, &c, &c.
TABULAR STATEMENT
Showing Population of New- Hampshire in 1870, 1860 and 1850.
who
�444
STATISTICAL TABLES.
TABULAR STATEMENT
Showing Population of New- Hampshire in 1870, 1860 and 1850.
�STATISTICAL TABLES.
TABULAR STATEMENT
Showing Population of New-Hampshire in 1870, 1860 and 1850.
445
�446
STATISTICAL TABLES.
TABULAR STATEMENT
Showing Population of New- Hampshire in 1870, 1860 and 1850.
�STATISTICAL TABLES.
TABULAR STATEMENT
Showing Population of New- Hampshire in 1870, 1860 and 1850.
447
�448
STATISTICAL TABLES.
TABULAR STATEMENT
Showing Population of
New -Hampshire
in 1870, 1860
and
1850.
�STATISTICAL TABLES.
TABULAR STATEMENT.
Selected Ages, with Sex, by Counties.
449
�450
STATISTICAL TABLES.
TABULAR STATEMENT.
Classification of Population of
New- Hampshire by Age and Sex
1870 and 1860.
suses of
1870.
at the
Cen~
�STATISTICAL TABLES.
451
IMMIGRATION AND EMIGRATION OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE.
The following statement shows the number of persons, in 1870,
who were born in New-Hampshire, also the
number living here who were natives of other States and countries.
living in other States,
New -Hampshire
in Account vrilh oilier States
lation, as
and
Territories in regard to
by Census Returns in 1860 and 1870.
i*
Popu-
�IMMIGRATION AND EMIGRATION.
452
of 172, and probably without a parallel in any State or nation,
have, in California, 176 more persons
this side of Ireland.
We
than in 1860
255
in Illinois,
;
Massachusetts, 7,204
Iowa, 1731
in
;
in Minnesota,
;
841
;
in Kansas,
;
658
561
in Missouri,
in
;
in
;
"While in
and in District of Columbia, 295.
Alabama there are 45 less Louisiana, 64 Georgia, 54 Maryland,
48 Mississippi, 48 North Carolina, 45 South Carolina, 57 TenMaine, 2,612 Vermont, 4,029 New-York, 3,740 and
nessee, 41
New-Jersey, 666
;
;
;
;
This shows conclusively, that New-Hampshire has not
Ohio, 844.
many
;
;
;
so
;
;
;
;
;
men
carpet-baggers (as
are
now termed who go south
to
by several hundred, as before the war.
In 1860, New-Hampshire had in its population, of foreign born,
reside) in the South,
20,939
in 1870, 29,611
;
In 1870,
a gain in ten years of 8,672.
;
and
there were 40,820 persons in the State having a foreign father
foreign mother
;
42,862 having a foreign father, and 42,550 having
Of the
a foreign mother.
ca
2 in Asia
;
;
Islands; 9 in Austria
13 Indians in Canada
514
Cuba
States
;
11 in
;
55
Holland
in
4 in Bohemia
239
;
22
specified)
;
;
in the
;
3 in
1 in
;
Central America
60 in France
436
;
12,190 in Ireland
;
Hungary
7 in India
;
2 in Poland
;
Sandwich Islands
11 in Switzerland
12
;
in
;
;
892
9 in
;
Turkey
;
11 in
West
number of colored people
in
1 in
;
;
;
Scotland
Greece
1 in
42
;
in
5
German
;
;
5
Mexico
4 iu
Sweden
2 in Russia
;
;
in Brit-
5 in China
;
9 in Italy
Portugal
225
;
in all the
9 in South America: 9 in Spain
;
Newfoundland
in
Prince Edward's Island
;
in Afri-
Australasian
11,901 white, 2 colored, and
New-Brunswick 6
in
in
Denmark
;
14
107 in Great Britian (not specified)
;
Norway
The
;
2,679 in England
27 in Wales
in
Scotia;
America (not
ish
in
Nova
in
foreign population, 4 were born
8 in the Atlantic Islands
;
;
India, and 11 at sea.
was
Portsmouth had the largest number in 1870, viz. 56
Manchester, 50
Exeter, 54
Concord 36
Dover, 33, and Nashua 25. In 1790, there were 158
580
;
total
in 1860,
520
;
and
in the State, in 1870,
in 1810, 970.
;
;
;
;
slaves in the State
in 1800, 8
in 1830, 3, and in 1840, 1.
There were 3 Indians in Carroll County 13 in Coos 5 in Hillsborough 1 in Rockingham, and 1 in Sullivan making in all 23.
;
;
;
;
The census shows that
ances, had, born
;
;
this State, in 1870,
in other States
and foreign
in striking the balcountries, 8,500
more
people than in 1860, and still our population decreased 7,473 in
the last decade.
It does not solve this problem, and it will be hard
to induce people to believe that for the past ten years 15,000
more
�453
STATISTICAL TABLES.
people have died in the State, or moved into foreign countries, than
have been born for the past ten years, if we do take into account
the fearful loss of
life in
If this
the late rebellion.
is
the fact,
worthy of the serious consideration of every thoughtful
State.
The
natives of
New-Hampshire can
man
it is
in the
truly be classed with
the lone Indian, for with a loss at the same ratio, for the next fifty
years, not a vestige of pure, original,
left,
New-Hampshire blood
will be
that ran in the veins of our forefathers one hundred years ago.
TABULAR STATEMENT,
By
Towns, for the year 1872, Showing
the.
Ratable
Polls, Assessed Valuation,
True Valuation. Stock in Trade, Stocks, and Money at Interest, Savings Banks
Deposits, Proportion on $ 1,000
KOCKINCHAM
CO.
and Town Debts
over available Assets.
�454
STATISTICAL TABLES.
TABULAR STATEMENT,
By
Towns, for the year 1872, Showing the Ratable Polls, Assessed Value, &c.
STRAFFORD
CO.
�STATISTICAL TABLES.
•
By
TABULAR STATEMENT,
Towns, for the year 1872, Showing the Eatable
MERRIMACI
455
Polls,
Assessed Value, &c.
�456
STATISTICAL TABLES.
By
Towns, for the year 1872, Showing the Ratable Polls, Assessed Value,
TABULAR STATEMENT,
SULLIVAN CO.
<&c.
�STATISTICAL TABLES.
457
TABULAR STATEMENT,
By
Towns, for the year 1872, Showing the Eatable
COOS CO.
Polls, Assessed Value, &c.
s
�458
STATISTICAL TABLES.
TABULARSTATEMENT,
Showing number of Clergymen, Physicians,
Dentists,
and Manufacturers, by Towns, arranged
Lawyers, Merchants,
alphabetically.
�459
STATISTICAL TABLES.
TABULAR STATEMENT,
Showing number of Clergymen, Physicians,
Dentists,
and Manufacturers, by Towns, arranged
Lawyers, Merchants
alphabetically.
TOWNS.
TOWNS.
>.=
Loudon
Rochester
Lyman
Lyme
Rollinsford
.
Roxbury
Itumney
Kye
Salem
Lynileborough
Madbury
Madison
Manchester
Marlborough
Salisbury
Sanbornton
Sandown
Marlow
Mason
Sandwich
Seabrook
Sharon
Meredith
Merrimack
Middleton
Milan
Shelburne
'
Somersworth
South Hampton
South Newmarket
Milford
Milton
.
Mount Vernon
Springfield
Monroe
Stark
Stewartstown
Stoddard
Moultonborou;
Nashua
13
Nelson
New-Boston
Strafford
Stratford
Newbury
Stratham
New-Castle
Sullivan
New-Durham
New-Hampton
Sunapee
Surry
Newington
New-Ipswich
New-Londou
New-Market
Newport
Sutton
Newton
Northfleld
Tilton
Orford
Ossipee
Pel ham
.
Plaistow
Plymouth
Portsmouth
Kandolph
Richmond
Rindge
.
.
Walpole
3
Plainfield
Raymond
Wakefield
10
.
Peterborough
Piermont
Pittsburg
Pittsfield
.
Troy
Tuftonborough
Unity
.
North Hampton
Northumberlant
North-wood
Nottingham
Orange
Pembroke
.
.
Swanzey
Tarn worth
Temple
Thornton
21
35
3
2u
2
7
22
220
12
9
11
Warner
Warren
Washington
Waterville
Weare
.
Webster
Wentworth
Westmoreland
Whitefield
Wilmot"
Wilton
Winchester
.
Windham
.
Windsor
Wolfeborough
Woodstock
�460
STATISTICAL TABLES.
TABULAR
Relative to the Agricultural Productions of the State,
ROCKINGHAM
�STATISTICAL TABLES.
STATEMENT.
As per Census
county.
a
n
of 1870.
461
�462
STATISTICAL TABLES.
�STATISTICAL TABLES.
COUNTT.
463
�464
STATISTICAL TABLES.
MERRIMACK
�STATISTICAL TABLES.
COUNTY.
00
o
o
c
o
"3
J3
00
§
465
�466
STATISTICAL TABLES.
CHESHIRE
�STATISTICAL TABLES.
COUNTY.
s
o
"8
o
p.
o
•§
3
pq
467
�468
STATISTICAL TABLES.
GRAFTON
�STATISTICAL TABLES.
COUNTY.
469
�470
STATISTICAL TABLES.
COOS
�STATISTICAL TABLES.
COUNTY.
471
�STATISTICAL TABLES.
472
NH05»0<0«0>OH
O CO^r-^O^i-^CM^CM^
(Ct-O)
•seo;*;od jo
s^qsna
©©©^ ^©^
1
CO* rH ai 2
o5 ei rx> <m cm wa cd oc
-<*CNCMCO-<*C0<OCM
1
cm
O 00
t~-
(CeocoeCHcct-x^tr
^co co
•gnBoq pu« sued jo sjoqena
co ce i.o icc ** cr
^t CO ro H< to
<o*" r-T of x" CO
ro~ t^ 00
W
o
^^^©.cO,
•ODOuqo^ jo spnno^
*J*CMiO<M©O*b-.-iQ0©
r-ico''
i—
<
i-
«ji
co t— i—'i
"Jooa jo spuno<i
«H«MW^NC^«C
spqsng
.w^ooaw
rHrHTjXN
'XeiJBq pufl s;«o jo
rH
«5
W
CM
CD
•uaoo jo eiaqsng
P
O
O
"i:
OC^ 00^
ift CM~
q
t* o_ CO,
>n iO
©' t^
*
«-*„
©„ CO,
CO' CM** rt«
OOtO^l-ttOLlOlffiCDO
"
« t- in n C co
coocii-nni^ ?i ^
r<
•eA"j
jo siaqsng
«C'
co,
(Dn'rHHiOCO CO*"©' CM
©
c © n pi o co a cn
CO -+
oi
«
c
H
© I— ONHOrtWO
:»o r: '£ iO >o M
y c
r-4
or.
c
rpjeqM jo Bjeqetia
Ot-COCOOHOl^b-iO
CO » ph T *t"C O O C CO
»o, ©^ cc cm ©^ ©. r-^ cn >\
©*"
V *ft <o
HooococaisabcD^i#
©
r-" co"" h**
T[00%9 9AII
H* JO 9ni«A
p9JBl0i; s a
<d
r-T
oi"
t-COr-tCMCCOOTftCOGOCJi
h^
P
»-*
lOCMCOOJCfiCMO'
•eniMs jo aeqinnjii
Ph
^00©C0©*Ot—
COlCt—
<J
O
t^eo^
o\i-h^ c_ t- cc
ph t-^
©*"
t-T t*T
00 CM r-T r-T OC tO <&
w
CO pt CO CO CO rH
rH
P5
00 i- CO lO h> CM 03
CJ)
CO h-
CO^CCCM-tOHrtcOcO
<* *
'9HJBD jo J9qran>j
b^ ©_ CM^
r-ToTiO
CM
^ ©_
«
p*
CO I- 00*00
t-^
i-"'00*
CO*"
HCMNCNHrHCOH
*S9SJoq jo J9qran^
cowinoi^Ht~HCOCft
h-iOiOH^ifl'-'WCOH
©C
COCOCOTriCiOiOCO
•pa^i p9A0jdtnj jo B9JDy
*
:-g=
•
:
:
|a-]iijf|
•
�473
STATISTICAL TABLES.
*8jn9cnJ8H9q Suipupat 'fffonp
-oad iujbj [|« jo 9iii«A psvuiatjsa
£ b to o jo
o a> oc
ac "cc
a
i
*SJB|
•jCeaoq jo
c-f
M f O © W '^ W O
Ob oo.^L^T.wy^.^i
<p io cT oo* •* ce c* »g eo
r-l
CN CO r-< rH CO
i—
C-I
I
«
Bpunoj
•S9SS1310UI 9[dBtu
ifl
'-O
ff)
i— Oi
-r io
-top ui 'sjonpoad ^sejoj jo oops a.
it,
'O CO H
co oTr-Teo o"*n r- rH o CC
G -t » t- » 00 Ol N
X O H r- >C C£
•HJUJIOp at *pios
jo p9J9?q9n«ie fi[BiuiaB jo otifBA
o
a ::
»c SB
«o oo <o t**>
eaonBf)
r
-
I
~Z-
i-T
so
•juSns 9(dBta epanod
C "1 t--^ ?1 M H N
HMrt'H rH (M CN
c
r— ao
c-i
o
hi
H
•edoq jo sputi'M
P
O
O
•p998 ssbj3 8(9qsna
>>
•£«q jo saox
"e 95 ""
'
S °°
"*
ci ci' ci
i£ Zi 22
CO t^ 00 -t
*!J
tj*"
o
co
^
I
co
-#'
of e**nt
M O 1- b- -M
£ CO rH CM CO_ CM
CTj
.
'
OV>fl**t-H©DHOi
^ Oi i£
t*<
m
(O
CO U3 CD iO
"1*
'
*
.IDiOOri^
^Ct-iNiO^^
o
n
*pi os
^n™ suon^o
1
CM l-<
<NO^r('*2 ,OH
8 S n rift'
'
E-i
«4
e^t-cjstocoocoOTiMao
'>!
OM
hJ
•9B99qo jo
P
spunoj
^
C
O
o—
-^
CO
t>
-t
os os c^co^i- r-^-* I-*. o_3o
*n>
etfaTo'?© t- fc— co
i— ~ >~ '— - ~ CO
t- CO
X
r
i
'
H
lOtXniO00^» t- rH
Pi
•J9^nq jo spunoa
w
WOCOO«HOt-WN
CCOOQOMCDt-C-lHOJH
(4
oad U9pj«2
•sjonp
9iiiua
* C O N PJ 05
t
"V
l
°
r"l. !0
i9^JBca jo
t-COOSCOiCCC'i«OSOSiO
355io«p^hinSSt-'«
S.OS,
^CO -*iC_CO^CM
•ejonpoad pauqoio jo 9tq*A
tt^CO,
(MrtifiOCHiOiOn
-
•2
»*g
Qi
to
»
.
* S £ a J
-111 1
QSaZSomOO
ICfl
cm
I
I
"""i,
CM
�474
STATISTICAL TABLES.
TABULAR STATEMENT,
and unimproved land, value of farms and
farming implements, and amount of wages annually paid for farm labor.
Showing number
acres of improved
Unimproved.
S-g
(=5 *-*
73
Counties.
> -
o
2
5
Rockingham
Strafford
235,605
102,412
155,421
176,191
335,882
283,874
260,180
221,310
442,738
120,870
Carroll
Merrimack
..
Hillsborough.
Cheshire
Sullivan
Grafton
Coos
Totals
24,127
6.119
2,597
120,659
2,282
21,606
8,327
2,336
31,052
5,030
$13,418,030
2,334,487
.
....
Belknap
2,
=
97,105
49,739
53,544
151,164
124,211
92,084
72,073
64,332
230,300
112,529
1,047,690
224,417
Counties.
the
number
of farms,
2*0
<s
a
1H
$277,305
5,127,390
4,934,900
4,963,413
12,096,577
11,073,395
7,151,499
6,069,230
12,106,924
3,647,955
$ 464.255
190.226
184,548
177,522
442,380
530,81
323,446
313,971
646.343
186,435
$80,589,313
$3,459,943
$2,319,164
TABULAR STATEMENT,
Showing
^
a *
3
and number
of acres in each.
149,640
99,797
93,282
286,916
332,813
206,416
209,592
485.108
178,295
�STATISTICAL TABLES.
TABLE,
Relative to the Cotton Manufactories in
ROCKINGHAM COUNTY.
New- Hampshire.
475
�476
STATISTICAL TABLES.
HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY CONTINUED.
�STATISTICAL TABLES.
TABLE
Relative to the
Woolen Mills in New- Hampshire.
ROCKINGHAM COUNTY.
477
�478
STATISTICAL TABLES.
SULLIVAN COUNTY.
�STATISTICAL TABLES.
479
TABLE
Relative to the Manufacturing of sale Boots, Shoes, Brogans &c.,in
New-Hamp-
shire.
ROCKINGHAM COUNTY.
Hands employed.
t.
•-
TOWNS.
~
s o
Atkinson
Auburn
Brentwood
$4,000
7
12
15
Candia
Candia
4,000
6,000
11,000
43,000
6,000
18,000
7,500
33,000
60,000
25,000
48,000
8,000
3,000
25.000
15,000
20,000
24,000
6,000
26,000
5,000
25,000
6,000
1,000
55,000
75,000
19,000
5,000
20,000
6,000
44,000
20,000
120,000
6,000 ,
25
111
25
Chester
Danville
40
Peerfield
Deerfield
20,1)00
6
50,000
75
120
40
4n,(l00
Derry
East Kingston
121
..
Epping
Fremont
2d
Greenland
Hampstead
Hampton
Hampton
12.000
6,00(1
40
35
Falls..
4(
Kensington
Kingston
Londonderry....
is
New
50
4(
in
50
12
3
110
Castle
Newton
Newmarket ....
North Hampton
Northwood
Northwood
Nottingham
170
....
4i
Plaistow
Portsmoutl
12
40
Raymond
17
Salem
62
45
225
20
Sandown
Seabrook
Windham
Totals
JoT3
o
<0
II
&.„ 3
u * 1
14
#'J64.(i(in
2;
-
2 = 2
c
25,000
24,000
28,000
34,000
—
$ 30,000
28.000
30,000
37,000
313,000
35,000
125,000
41,000
240,000
200,000
300,00(1
30,000
120,000
30,000
200,000
160,000
96,000
244,000
30,000
18.000
72,000
48,000
90,000
120,000
24,000
88,000
20,000
120,000
24,000
6,000
152,000
400,000
56,000
18,000
90.000
25,000
190,000
120,000
800,000
25,000
110,
238,000
32,000
20,000
84,000
44,000
100,000
130,000
26,000
98,000
25,000
135,000
28,000
7,000
215.000
500,000
100,000
20,000100,000
30,000
200,000
125,000
750,000
30,000
$ 799,000
3,867,000
>4,226,000
60
660
750
10
23
452
100
36
$30,000
410,000
500.000
3.000
12,000
242,000
5,000
17,000
150,000
1,150,000
1,500,000
10,000
101.000
726,000
300,000
100,000
160,000
1,580,000
1,700,000
12,000
125,000
920,000
325,000
115,000
2,101
356 $1,264,000
3,837,000
1,632
STRAFFuRD COUNTY.
Barrington*
Dover
...
Farmington
Lee*
...
451,000
500,000
Milton
Rochester
Somersworth
15,000
372,000
*.
Strafford*
.?
1,237,0(10
BELKNAP COUNTY.
>
4,937,000
�480
STATISTICAL TABLES.
�STATISTICAL TABLES.
TABLE
Relative to Hosiery Mills in
New- Hampshire.
481
�482
STATISTICAL TABLES.
TABLE
Relative to Paper Mills in
New- Hampshire.
ROCKINGHAM COUNTY.
�STATISTICAL TABLES.
ABSTRACT STATEMENT
of the Paper Manufactories.
483
�484
STATISTICAL TABLES.
�STATISTICAL TABLES.
485
MERRIMACK COUNTY CONTINUED.
Lumber annually sawed.
TOWNS.
a
.2
-3
02
a
a
<*
2
fc,
llopkinton...
Loudon
Newbury....
13,000
7,000
5,000
2,000
6,000
9,000
10,n00
,
New-London.,
Northfield
..,
Pembroke...
Pittsfield
Salisbury ....
Sutton
3,01)0
2,000
4,000
1,000
1,000
3,000
1,000
1,000
2,000
4,000
8,000
1,000
4,000
5,000
21,000
9,000
60,00
Warner
Webster
Wilmot
Total
82
$245,000
235
$73,500
125,000
10,000
40,000
20,000
60,000
3
O
§.9 a
250,000
40,000
300,000
750,000
200,000
950,000
750,000
120,000
200.000
450,000
400,000
100,000
510,000 8,725.001)
1,122,000
565,000
1,100,000
100,000
650,000
1,800,009
400,000
315,000
570,000
1,375,000
1,225,000
1,500,000
24.000
10,000
13,000
5,000
8,000
31,000
12,000
5,000
9,000
21,000
24,000
19,000
22,497,000 S 411,000
HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY.
Amherst
Antrim
$1
§3,000
,000
11 ,000
Bennington
Brookline .
Deering
Francestown
Goffstown
4,000
5,000
1,000
9,000
1,500
3,000
5,000
19 .MUM
8 000
30 Ml HI
8, MMM
2. 000
13 ,000
Bedford
...
. .
Greenfield
Greenville
3,,000
Hancock
3 ,000
5 ,000
6
Hillsborough...
Hollis
Hudson
Lyndeborough
Manchester ....
Mason
Merrimack
2,000
2,000
1,200
3,000
2 ,000
3 ,000
Nashua
Boston....
Ipswich...
Pelham
Peterborough
Sharon
..
6,000
2.000
8,000
2,500
1,000
4,000
4.000
3,000
MMM
500
1,400
,000
7,00ft
!,000
102
,
S 337,000
308?
106,301
CHESHIRE COUNTY.
Alstead
& 13,000
Chesterfield
.
Dublin
Fitzwilliam
.
Harrisville...
Hinsdale
Jaffrey
Keene
Marlborough.
Marlow
Nelson
Richmond
Rindge
Roxbury
14,' km
5.000
29,000
3O0(
Gilsum
...
200,000
8
10
7
34
3
4,000
13,000
20,000
24,000
3,000
9,000
4,000
30.000
31,000
72
29
500
1
5
14
16
13
3
12
7
700,000
600,000
2,273,000
360,000
1,400,000
400,000
10,000
240,000
700,i
00
50,000
2,000
225
IKK)
2*0,0
10
1,0<XI
1,
Wilton
Windsor
10,000
601
ijOOO
Temple
Weare
800,000
600
18 000
5 000
50 000
12. HUM
4, 000
17 000
18, HMO
3, 000
Milford
925,000
600,000
1,300.000
400,000
1,600,1X10
3,001
2,500
1,000
18,000
20 000
Mount Vernon.
125.0«X
100,000
395,000
500
10
5 ,000
.
Total
II
13 ,000
5 OHM
13 ,000
Litchfield
New
New
I
5,01X1
5,000
21,000
9,000
10,000
15,000
25,000
62,000 3,165,000
1,000,000
1,400,000
700,000
1,700,000
625,000
6,075,000
300,000
550,000
1,700,000
420,000
2,500,000
1,500,000
350,000
1,100,000
1,500,000
600,000
120,000
920,000
1,100,000
400,000
$ 17,000
9,000
26.000
5,000
22,000
9,000
9,000
46,000
4,000
20,000
5,000
17,000
21,000
10,000
34,000
12,000
128,000
4,000
9,000
33,000
6,000
60,000
27,000
6,000
19,000
19,000
8,000
2,000
14,000
22,000
5,000
35,148,000! S 619,000
�486
STATISTICAL TABLES.
CHESHIRE COUNTY CONTINUED.
�STATISTICAL TABLES.
487
�488
STATISTICAL TABLES.
TABLE
New- Hampshire.
Relative to Grist Mills in
ROCKINGHAM COUNTY.
a °
TOWNS.
JO.
E S
tc
Eitst
King-ton..
>
600
Epping
4,00(1
3,000
Hampton
2,01 Ml
Hamjiton Falls
Nortliwood
North Hampton
Nottingham ....
.
Plaistow
Portsmouth
Raymond
Rye
Seab rook
Stratham
Total.
500
1,000
600
1,000
2 000
18.000
3.000
1,000
4,noo
STRAFFORD COUNTY.
M<
234..-IIHI
$ 267,700
1,600
2,0ii0
$44,600
5,500
10,000
20,000
2,000
6,000
1,700
2,500
800
1.000
16.000
106,000
21.000
11.000
24 000
7,000
$ 6,000
800
400
900
600
2,000
Exeter
Greenland
400
600
800
200
400
200
200
100
200
600
$
S S
II
|
11,000
21,000
2,500
7,000
2.000
3,000
1,000
1,200
19,000
120,000
25,000
13,000
27,000
9,000
�STATISTICAL TABLES.
489
�490
STATISTICAL TABLES.
GRAFTON COUNTY.
TOWNS.
Ashland
Bath
Bethlehem
S 2,000
Bristol
Campton
Canaan
Danbnry
Enfield
Franconia
Grafton
Groton
Hanover
,
Haverhill
Lebaa n
Lisbon
Littleton
Lyme
Monroe
Orford
Piermont
Plymouth
Kninney
Warren
Went worth
Totals
Berlin
Colebrook
Columbia
En nl
Gorham
Jefferson
Lancaster
Milan
Northumberland
Pittsburg
Stratford
Stewartstown
Wakefield
Total
.
,
�STATISTICAL TABLES.
TABLE
Relative
to
Tanneries in
New- Hampshire.
491
�492
STATISTICAL TABLES.
CHESHIRE COUNTY CONTINUED.
�STATISTICAL TABLES.
TABLE
Relative to the total Manufactories in
New- Hampshire.
ROCKINGHAM COUNTY.
I
�494
STATISTICAL TABLES.
�STATISTICAL TABLES.
MERRIMACK COUNTY CONTINUED.
495
�496
STATISTICAL TABLES.
SULLIVAN COUNTY.
Number
Hands
of
employed.
horse power,
TOWNS.
— -3
S-S
12
36
Cornish
1,364
11
.
270
240
136
Acworth....
Charlestown
Claremont
84
Croydon
Goshen
Grantham
70
80
285
40
225
610
120
62
292
40
269
..
Langdon....
Lempster .
Newport...
.
Plainfield ..
Springfield .
Sunapee....
Unity
Washington
240
Total
3,951
$ 46,000
156,000
750,000
14,000
2,000
16,000
22,1X10
5,000
11,000
375,000
11,000
5,000
66,000
3,000
34,000
1 1,506,000
75
225
$ 23,000
146,000
248,000
8,000
4,500
5,000
10,000
2,500
13 000
118,000
4, nun
1.000
28,000
3,000
25,000
871
25
14
19
34
7
40
197
10
7
52
10
1,123|
524
Ashland
Bath
Benton
Bethlehem
13
,
39
13
7
..,
Bridgewater.
Bristol
Campton
Canaan
Banbury
16
3
31
12
25
9
Borchester...
Ellsworth....
Enfield
Franeonia
Grafton
Groton
7
2
38
22
4
11
Hanover
10
Haverhill
Hebron'.
48
5
Holderness...
8
28
48
Landaff
Lebanon
Lincoln
Lisbon
1
35
37
9
23
Littleton
Lyman
Lyme
Monroe
1
Orange
4
23
Orford
Piermont
11
Plymouth....
39
Rumney
31
Thornton
,
Warren
Wentworth...
Woodstock...
Total
4
23
13
5
357,000
1,250,000
25.000
7.000
48,000
33,000
5,000
26,000
619,000
17,000
4,000
117,000
10.000
85,000
$639,000 $2,703,000
GRAFTON COUNTY.
Alexandria..
$ 100,000
$
7.000
110,000
10,000
3,000
58,000
1,500
108,000
12,000
36,000
9,000
20,000
700
54,000
23,000
3,000
6,000
10,000
34,000
6,000
6,000
18,000
315,000
1,000
61,000
99,000
6,000
10,000
1,000
1,000
18,000
17,000
51,000
39,000
4,000
28,000
25,000
10,000
�STATISTICAL TABLES.
COOS COUNTY.
497
�498
STATISTICAL TABLES.
TABULAR STATEMENT,
Showing
the various Occupations of the people of
New- Hampshire,
in 1870.
�STATISTICAL TABLES.
499
�500
STATISTICAL TABLES.
Mechanical and Mancf'iro Industries.
�STATISTICAL TABLES.
Mechanical and Mandf'inq Industbies.
501
�STATISTICAL TABLES.
502
TABULAR STATEMENT,
By
towns, showing
number of deaths in
the State in 1870.
BELKNAP COUNTY.
ROCKINGHAM COUNTY.
TOWNS.
TOWNS.
Alton
Barnstead
Atkinson
Auburn
Brentwood
Belmont
Candia
Chester
Centre Harbor..
Gilmanton
County Farm
Gilford
Deerfleld
,
Derry
East Kingston
New Hampton.
,
Sanbornton....
,
TUtou
Eppiug
Exeter
Fremont
Gosport
Greenland
101
122
CARROLL COUNTY.
Albany
Bartlett
Falls. ..
Brookfield
Kensington
Kingston
Londonderry
New
31
Total
Hampstead
Hampton
Hampton
,
Laconia
Meredith
Danville
Chatham
Conway
Eaton
Effingham
Castle
Newington
Freedom
Jack9on
Madison
Moultonborough
Newmarket
Newton
North Hampton...
Northwood
Nottingham
Sandwich
Plaistow
Tamworth
Portsmouth
Raymond
Tuftonborough.
Wakefield
Rye
Wofeborough
.,
Salem.-
Sandown
159
Total
Seabrook
South Newmarket.
South Hampton...
Stratham
MERRIMACK COUNTY.
Allenstown
.
Andover
Boscawen
Windham
Sow
Bradford
Canterbury
STRAFFORD COUNTY.
Barrington
Dover
.
Chichester
. .
Concord
Dunbarton
.
. .
Durham
Epsom
Farniington..
Franklin...
Lee
Henniker
Madlmry
Hill
Middleton....
Milton
Hooksett.. ..
Hopkinton...
Loudon
New Durham
i
Newbury
Rochester....
New London
Rollinsford. ..
Somersworth.
Northfleld
Strafford.
Pembroke...
..,
Pittsfield ...
Total
.
....
26
154
153
Salisbury
. .
70
�STATISTICAL TABLES.
MERRIMACK COUNTY CONTINUED.
503
CHESHIRE COUNTY CONTINUED.
TOWNS.
�504
STATISTICAL TABLES.
GRAFTON COUNTY CONTINUED.
�DECEASED CENTENARIANS.
505
demic, but this scourge, consumption, creates no fear with the peo-
and they pass heedlessly and carelessly along without taking any
its flattering premonitory symptoms.
If the inhabitants at the north were as guarded as the people in
Virginia, or other southern States, in their clothing and exposure to
inclement weather, this mortality, caused by lung affection, could
be reduced at least fifty per cent.
ple,
precaution to guard against
DECEASED CENTENARIANS IN NEW-HAMPSHIRE SINCE
1822.
Through the courtesy of Dea. Daniel F. Secomb of Concord,
we are enabled to give the number of persons who have died since
1822, at one hundred years of age and upwards.
The reader
will perceive that people live quite as long at the
present day, as
fifty
years ago, notwithstanding the sayings of older
people to the contrary, who are led to believe that the vanities of dress,
and the general style of
is
living, has a
no doubt but the generation of
to
tendency to shorten
day has a
life.
There
lease of life at least
ten years longer than the generation of seventy-five years ago.
The census
of
New-Hampshire
in 1870,
when compared with
that
of 1860, reveals some curious facts which are worthy of careful consideration.
age,
The number
was 67,578
34,460
;
;
of children in 1860, under ten years of
in 1870, 47,817
in 1870, 31,578
;
;
fifteen
forty years
and under twenty, in 1860,
and under fifty, in 1860,
33,613; in 1870, 39,355; seventy and under eighty, in 1860, 9,941
eighty and under ninety years, in 1860, 3,030
in 1870, 16,647
in
It
;
;
and under one hundred years, in 1860, 364
1870, 337 one hundred years and over, in 1860, 7 in 1870, 18.
also shows that in 1860, there were living in New-Hampshire
in 1870, 3,555
;
ninety
;
;
266,952 persons under
;
fifty
years of age; of the same age in 1870,
235,998, or 30,954 less than in 1860.
fifty
The number of persons of
years of age and upwards in 1860, was 59,120
;
in 1870, 82,
more than in 1860. It is evident that the principal
cause of this great change in the population of the State, as to age,
is in the younger class leaving the State to seek employment elsewhere, and leaving the older persons at home. If this young class
with their wives and children would return to New-Hampshire, who
have left it within the past ten years, it would no doubt increase the
population at least 40,000. The war had something to do with this
302, or 23,182
�STATISTICAL TABLES.
506
depletion of middle aged persons.
Over 5,000 gave up
their lives
in the contest for the cause of the Union.
The
tables herewith annexed, are very interesting for the reader
to ponder.
Names
of persons
who have died
at one
Hew -Hampshire,
hundred years of age and
since 1822.
over,
in
�507
STATISTICAL TABLES.
NAMES OF PERSONS WHO DIED FROM
1853
TO
1864.
�PUBLIC SCHOOLS.
508
CHAPTER VI.
)
Giving a statement of
all
the public Schools in the State, Dartmouth College,
Literary Institutions, State Institutions, such as
New-Hampshire
Asylum
for the
Insane,
College of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts, Orphan's
State Prison, State
Normal
School, State Capitol,
Home,
Reform School and Relig-
ious Denominations in the State.
PUBLIC SCHOOLS.
The founders of New-Hampshire believed in universal education.
They believed, too, that the idea of a republic was the idea of a
people governing themselves.
This implied that the people should
amount of intelligence and virtue, which are essential
self-government.
Our early legislators enacted laws providing
possess that
to
for a system of free
Our
common
schools.
present free educational institutions are of the highest val-
ue to the State. The maintenance of them involves a great expense and much care, but it is a wise outlay.
Knowledge is less
Ignorance is a dangerous and costly
any form of government, and under a republican, des-
expensive than ignorance.
factor under
tructive.
The
poses.
several towns are sub -divided into districts for school pur-
In the sparsely settled
districts,
the schools are ungraded.
and several of the larger villages, a system of graded
schools has been established, embracing Primary, Intermediate,
Grammar and High School Departments, with rooms, furniture,
books, apparatus and teachers suited to the peculiar wants of each
grade. The best graded schools are found in Manchester, Nashua,
Great Falls, Dover, Littleton, Concord, Portsmouth, Milford and
In the
cities
Claremont.
Towns and
cities are required,
by law,
to raise annually,
support of public schools, three hundred and
fifty dollars for
for
each
�STATISTICAL TABLES.
dollar of the apportionment of State tax
districts
The
towns,
cities
and school
can raise larger sums by vote.
school authority of the State
tion, consisting of the
Governor,
of public instruction.
The
stitutes
;
509
is
vested in a Board of Educa-
Councilors and Superintendent
latter is required to hold Teacher's In-
annually, in each county, prepare and distribute school
blanks and registers, and present an annual report to the General
Court, upon the condition and progress of the schools.
The
following tables will exhibit the standing of schools in the
various
cities
and towns
in the State.
TABLE
Of Schools in New- Hampshire.
ROCKINGHAM COUNTY.
<2
TOWNS.
�STATISTICAL TABLES.
510
STRAFFORD COUNTY.
1-
TOWNS.
�STATISTICAL TABLES.
MERRIMACK COUNTY CONTINUED.
TOWNS.
511
�512
STATISTICAL TABLES.
CHESHIRE COUNTY CONTINUED.
TOWNS.
�STATISTICAL TABLES.
COOS COUNTY.
513
�DARTMOUTH COLLEGE.
614
DARTMOUTH COLLEGE.
Dartmouth College, the fourth of the New-England Colleges
—preceded
in chro-
by Harvard, Yale and
Brown, and but little behind the last named sprang from a noteworthy
germ of christian philanthropy. It was an off-shoot of Moor's charityschool, an institution for the education of Indian youth, established in
Lebanon, Conn., in the year 1754. The school was subsequently removed to Hanover, N. H., a charter for a college, to be connected with it
This
and yet a distinct institution, having been previously obtained.
charter was issued Dec. 13, 1769, by the Hon. John Wentworth, the last
of the royal governors of the Province of New-Hampshire. The founnological order
in that respect only
—
der of the charity-school was named in it as the first President of the
college and, in view of the interest taken in the school by Lord Dartmouth, an excellent English nobleman, and of his benefactions to it, his
name was appropriately given to the college.
One of the most signal events in the history of the Institution is the
controversy, out of which arose the famous Dartmouth College case.
The legislature of New-Hampshire, influenced by considerations which
need not here be detailed, claimed the right to "amend" the royal charThey passed an act to that effect, in 1816, changing the name of the
ter.
institution to " Dartmouth University," and embracing other important
modifications. To this act the trustees were opposed and, with the design of testing its constitutionality, they brought an action before the
;
;
Supreme Court of the
By
State.
this tribunal the legislature
was
sus-
and an appeal was taken by the trustees to the Supreme Court of
the United States, John Marshall being then chief justice. The cause of
the college was there argued by Daniel Webster, and other able counsel,
and fully sustained by the court.
With such occasional ebbs and eddies as pertain to all like institutions, but with remarkable steadiness on the whole, the college has
gone onward from its small beginnings to its present condition of enThe whole number of its alumni, as given
largement and prosperity.
in the last " Triennial," is three thousand, nine hundred and seven.
These have come from all parts of the land and, as graduates, have
been scattered as widely. While a considerable number have entered
from the cities and large towns, the great majority have come from rural places. The average age of admission has been somewhat above
and to the maturity thus secured has been
that of many other colleges
tained
;
;
;
From these
added, in many cases, the stimulus of self-dependence.
and other causes, Dartmouth students, as a class, have been characterized by a spirit of earnestness, energy, and general manliness, of the
Most of them have gone, not into
'happiest omen as to their life-work.
the more lucrative lines of business, but into what may be called the
working professions. To the ministry, the college has given more than
nine hundred of her sons. Dr. Chapman says, in his " Sketches of the
Alumni :" "There have been thirty-one judges of the United States and
State
Supreme Courts
;
fifteen senators in
Congress
;
and sixty-one rep-
�DARTMOUTH COLLEGE.
resentatives
;
515
two United States cabinet ministers; four ambassadors
fourteen governors of
one post-master-general
twenty-five presidents of colleges one
and one of a Territory
hundred and four professors of academical, medical, or theological colleges.
From the last Triennial Catalogue, this list might be considerably enlarged. Perhaps the two professions that have drawn most largely upon the institution have been those of teaching and the law.
We
recall a single class, that of 1828, one-fourth of whose members have
to foreign courts
;
;
States,
1
;
;
'
been either college presidents or professors.
Dr.
Chapman
states, that
were residing in Boston, Mass., no less than seven
sons of the college, " who were justly regarded as ranking among the
brightest luminaries of the law. They were Samuel Sumner Wilde,
at one time there
1789; Daniel Webster, 1801; Richard Fletcher, 1806; Joseph Bell, 1807;
Joel Parker, 1811
Rufus Choate, 1819; and Charles Bishop Goodrich,
;
1822.
Dartmouth has aimed, in all her history, at that true conservatism
which blends felicitously the old and the new. She believes in the anFor the last seven years,
has been expended on the scientific appointments of the institution than on the classical and other improvements are contemplated in the same direction. Though she adheres to the old college, as has
been said, yet around that she has already grouped though with no
ambitious fancy for the name of a university a number of collateral or
post-graduate institutions offering diversified opportunities of general
and special culture. The various departments, as they now exist, are
cient classics, but she favors science also,
much more
;
—
as follows
1.
The
—
:
old Academic Department, with
its
1
four years curriculum, in-
cluding the privilege of a partial course, and a
number of
particular
options.
2.
The Chandler
Scientific
Department, with a regular course, chro-
nologically parallel to that of the Academic, and having with the option
of a partial course through
all the years, several elective lines of study
Latin and Greek are omitted, French and German included, and scientific branches are made most prominent.
3.
The' Agricultural Department, so called, or the New-Hampshire
College of Agriculture and the Mechanic Arts.
This is based on the
Congressional land-grant. It has a regular three years course, with an
in the last year.
1
option, after the first year,
between an agricultural and mechanical
line
See in the next ai'ticle, a more particular account of it.
4.
The Engineering Department, or the Thayer School of Civil Engineering.
This is substantially, though not foraially, a post-graduate
or professional department, with a two years course.
The requisites
for admission are in some important branches, even more than a college
curriculum commonly embraces and it is designed to carry the study
of civil engineering to the highest point.
5.
The Medical Department, or the old New-Hampshire Medical College. This was established in 1797, has had a long and prosperous career, and ranks now with the best medical institutions in the country.
of study.
1
;
�LITERARY INSTITUTIONS.
516
There
is
connected with
it,
in addition to the lectures, a
good course of
private medical instruction.
6.
Moor's Charity- School. This has now no distinct organic existence; but there is a small fund which is appropriated, under the direction of the President of Dartmouth College, to the education of Indian
youths, in any department for which they are prepared.
During the late war, the college, in common with most others in our
country, was somewhat depressed but it has since been resuming, and
The last catalogue embraces a faceven surpassing, its former status.
ulty of instruction, thirty-six in number, and, in all the different courses
;
of study, four hundred and twenty-one students. As an indication of the
national relations of the college, it may be remarked that these students
come from twenty-five different States and Territories, at home and
abroad; and that, of the ungraduates, more than one-fifth are from
AVhile the insitution is still in need of adplaces out of New England.
ditional funds for various purposes, it lias been prospered financially.
"Within the past ten years, not less than five hundred thousand dollars
Three new buildings
have been secured for the different departments.
have been erected, making the whole number ten, and two of the old
ones have been enlarged and renovated and funds have been obtained,
;
in part, for a
new
Library Building.
LITERARY INSTITUTIONS.
There may be some schools which we have failed to notice, but have
endeavored to give all a notice according to information received.
We gladly would have given a more extended account of these important institutions of our State if we could have obtained the facts relative
We requested the immediate managers of their respective
to them.
schools to be kind enough to forward us the facts, also stating why we
In many instances our request has been attended with
desired them.
success, and the gentlemen receive our sincere thanks for their courtesy,
and we trust that the benefit derived therefrom, will be mutual both to
In other cases, our solicitations have not
their school and the State.
been responded to, and if people in some towns see that their Academies
have not received that notice which they merit, they can attribute it to
the faculty
who
refused or neglected to give us the necessary informa-
tion.
Adams Female Academy is located at East Derry, and was incorporated in 1823, being the oldest female academy in New-Hampshire. Besides convenient school buildings, it has a fund of % 3,200, donated by
Jacob Adams of Derry. There is a boarding house connected with the
institution to accommodate young ladies from abroad.
It has always maintained a popular reputation as an institution worthy the patronage of young ladies who wish to acquire a first class education. It is situated in one of the most beautiful New-England villages, peculiarly free from injurious influences, and embracing scenery
�517
LITERARY INSTITUTIONS.
which, for simple beauty,
is
not often surpassed.
The place
is
easily
on the line of the Manchester and Lawrence Railroad.
This institution is under the immediate charge of Miss Emma L. Taylor, who has attained a high character among the most distinguished
schools in the country, for thorough, systematic, and refined education.
There are three terms, of thirteen weeks each, every year, with an
accessible, being
average attendance of fifty females.
Antrim High School—James E. Vose, Principal.
Atkinson Academy is pleasantly located in the town of Atkinson,
about three miles from the city of Haverhill, Mass., and two from the
Boston and Maine Railroad.
This institution is one of the oldest in the State, being founded in
The building is located on elevated
1790.
It has a fund of $ 6,000.
It has a library, philosophical and
ground, and contains six rooms.
chemical apparatus, cabinet &c. all in a fine condition. It has been successful and maintained a high reputation as being a first class literary
H. B. WesIts pi esent number of scholars is about sixty.
institution.
ton, A. M., Principal. Rev. Jesse Page, President of the Trustees.
-
Austin Academy
is
situated at Strafford Centre.
G. C. McClellan, Principal.
Normal Institute. This institution
It
was incorporat-
ed in 1834.
Beede
Sandwich Centre, and was established
in 1839,
is
pleasantly located at
by Daniel G. Beede,
to
supply the pressing want, at that date, of more well qualified teachers.
This school has never been endowed, and now is under the management of Mr. Beede, as principal. The school buildings were built entirely by himself, and the institution has been sustained through his unaided effort. The expense of the recitation-hall and boarding house
was about eight thousand
The number of
have
filled
dollars.
who have
received instruction here, is nearly
teachers, while others
hono able positions of trust, with credit to themselves, and
four thousand
pupils
—many of them
making popular
But few men in New-Hampshire have, by their
individual efforts in the past thirty years, imparted more useful
knowledge, to the young men and women of this State than Mr. Beed«.
to their instructor.
own
He now
fills
the responsible office of Superintendent of Public Instruc-
New-Hampshire.
Bristol High School, Bristol. Miss Alice French, Principal.
Charlestown High School. Mrs. Alice Pitts, Principal.
Chester Academy Chester. Miss E. S. Gale, Principal.
Christian Institute This school, at present located at Wolfeborough, was incorporated and established at Andover, where, in February, 1857, it was opened for the instruction of students. In 1866, the
Institute was transfered to its present location, having been discontinued one year at the time of its removal.
tion in
—
The
—
school year consists of thirty-eight weeks, divided into three
During its fourteen school years, the institute has had an average
annual attendance of 200 students. It has four established courses of
Business course of three years; 'Academic, four; College
study, viz.
terms.
�518
LITERARY INSTITUTIONS.
t
Preparatory, three and Young Ladies Graduating of four years. Students completng either course, and passing satisfactory examination,
receive diplomas.
;
This
is
New-England maintained and conducted by
the only school in
the Christian Connection.
It rejects all
sectarianism and bigotry, and
well disposed youth. The teachers and
officers constantly aim to promote thorough and accurate scholarship,
refinement of manners, a high moral sense and a pure religious life.
The institute possesses a fair Philosophical and Chemical Apparatus,
cordially opens
its
doors to
all
and has an endowment fund of $
made
10,000.
The officers have recently
provision to reconstruct the school, another year, upon an en-
larged and broader basis, and permanently establish
it.
Principals. John W. Simonds, 1857; Kev. S. W. Whitney, 1859;
Rev. John W. Haley. A. B., 1860; Rev. Thomas Bartlett, 1861; Edwin
Moulton, A. M., 1866; John II. Lary, A, M. 1868; George A. Chase, A.
B., I860; John W. Simonds, A. M., 1870-74.
Officers. Rev. II. M. Eaton, Westerly, R. I.. President; Rev. S. A.
Hutchinson, Kittery, Me., Secretary; N. A. Moulton, Esq., Newburyport, Treasurer.
Trustees Rev. J. A. Perry, Providence, R. I., W.
II. Cate, Esq., Manchester, Rev. L>. A. Wiggin, Tuftonboro, Rev. C. P.
Smith, West Randolph, Vt..
Mr. I. K. Gage, Esq., Fisherville; Rev.
J. W. Tilton, Hanover; Rev. O. J. Wait, Franklin; Mr. P. C. Shaw,
Hill John W. Simonds, Franklin.
Clinton Grove Seminary is located in Weare, about three miles
from North Weare Railway Station.
This school is founded on strict moral principles, and the pupil knows
in the commencement what is before him as to his conduct out of school.
In the prospectus it expressly says, no fire-arms nor tobacco is allowed to
be used on any consideration that they must come prepared with thick
shoes and rubbers, for daily exercise in the open air, which must be
attended to, as well as books in the school-room.
There is a large and commodious Boarding House, connected with
the school, which is under the immediate care of the Principal. Charles
A. Jones, Principal.
Concord High School, Concord. J. D. Bartley, Principal.
—
;
;
;
;
Conway Academy, Conway. W. W. Bates, Principal.
Contoocook Academy, at Contoocookville, Hopkinton.
Rev.
Charles Hardon, Principal.
Conant High School. This school is situated at Jaffrey, on the
Monadnock Railroad. It has a fund of 8 7,000, through the bequest of
the late Hon. John Conant, a resident of the town.
The town has' built a school house at an expense of $12,000. The
school
is
well managed, and
is
at present
under the instruction of Elial
S. Ball, Principal.
Dartmouth Home School, for Young Ladies,
ver,
and has been
is
situated in
Hano-
in successful operation for eight years, or since 1865.
This school has all the advantages for furnishing young ladies with an
education, in classical as well as in all branches of English literature.
�LITERARY INSTITUTIONS.
519
'
The
school year includes thirty-nine weeks, and is divided into three
terms of equal length. Miss L. J. Sherman is Principal, with three as-
sistant teachers.
Dearborn Academy, is located in Seabrook, and was founded in 1854,
through an endowment of $ 15,000, by the late Dr. Edward Dearborn, an
eminent physician, and distinguished citizen of Seabrook. It is pleasantly situated on elevated ground, and commands a tine view of the
Ocean. J. O. Emerson, Principal.
Deeking Academy, is located at Deerin'g Centre.
Dover High School, Dover. H. P. Warrenj Principal.
Dunuarton High School, Dunbarton. John B. Mills, Principal.
Exeter High School, Exeter. Eben S. Stearns, Principal.
Farmington High School, Farmington. E. J. Goodwin, Principal.
Fkancestown Academy
is
located in the pleasant village of Fran-
cestown.
The
High School in town was established in a public school-house
and was attended by Levi Woodbury, Moses Wilson, Mary
Woodbury and others, who became prominent men and women, in their
day. The high schools met with varied success, until June24, 1819, when
first
in 1800,
the present
academy was incorporated.
Among
the eighty-four schol-
who attended the first term after its incorporation, was Franklin
Pierce, who completed here his education, prior to entering college at
ars,
Bowdoin.
Mr. S. Ingersoll Bard was the first Principal, but the next year, (1821)
Mr. Isaac O. Barnes was employed. Mr. Barnes married the daughter
of Hon. Peter Woodbury, practiced law, and in time, moved to Boston,
where he received appointments as Naval Officer, U. S. Marshal, and
Pension Agent, which latter office he held at the time of his death,
some ten years ago. He was the most eccentric man in Boston, and his
reputation was wide-spread by the many good stories told about him, of
which he was either the author, or hero of the exploit.
Francestown Academy is a popular Institution, and receives its full
share of public patronage. J. E. Vose, A. M., Principal.
Franklin Academy, Franklin. Charles A. Jewell, Principal.
Fkeedom High School, Freedom. John Villiken, Principal.
Fran klin Academy, Dover, incorporated
in 1805.
John
Scales,
Principal.
Gilmanton Academy is pleasantly situated in Gilmanton, and is one
of the oldest literary institutions in the State, being incorporated in
1794.
It has always maintained a popular reputation, and has, at the
present time, its share of the public patronage. Its buildings are large
and convenient.
li.
There
is
a library of 500 volumes connected with
it.
E. Avery, Principal.
Hampton Academy, Hampton,
incorporated in 1810. Miss Lucy E.
Henniker Academy, Miss S. C. Eastman.
Keene Academy, Keene. Mrs. T. H. Leverett, Principal.
Keene High School, Keene. S. II. Brackett, Principal.
Kingston Academy, Kingston Plains. John W. Sanborn, Principal.
Dow,
Principal.
�520
.LITERARY INSTITUTIONS.
Kimball Union Academy
of the
is
pleasantly
situated
on commanding
in the beautiful village of Meriden, within the present limits
ground
town of
Plainfield.
It
was incorporated
in 1813,
and organized
in 1815.
receives scholars whose parents are of other
incorporated in its charter that the trustees and
instructors of the Union Academy, shall be professors of the Christian
religion, and each shall be a regular member of some Congregational or
It is sectarian,
religious belief.
but
still
It is
Presbyterian Church.
This school has always held a high position among its contemporaries.
It has given instruction to over 7,000 pupils, and has aided over three
hundred young men for the ministry, at an expense of over $25,000.
At the commencement of the Institution, the Hon. Daniel Kimball
donated $ 6,000 as a permanent fund, which was afterwards increased
to $ 30,000, and the whole fund is now over $ 50,000. Efforts are now being
made to secure an additional endowment of $ 100,000. which will establish it on a solid basis.
In 1824, the building, together with a valuable library, was burned.
The second building, now the wing of the new edifice, was completed
in 1825.
The main building was finished in the autumn of 1839. The
natural decay of the buildings, and the imperative demands of the times,
require larger accommodations, which no doubt will be furnished, within a few years. In these days of progress, in every department of education, this Institution must not only hold its own, but it should keep
pace with the general advance in the educational world.
Rev. Charles A. Downs, Lebanon, President of Trustees. Rev. L. A.
Austin, Principal.
Lancaster Academy. Lancaster.
Landaff High School, Landaff. H. H. Clark. Principal.
Littleton Graded School, Littleton. F. D. Hutching, Principal.
Manchester High School, Manchester. W. W. Colburn, Principal.
Marlborough High School, Marlborough. Charles E. Houghton,
Principal.
Marlow Academy
nearly forty years.
ly as to teachers,
McCollom
located in Marlow, and has been organized
has met with varied success, depending large-
is
It
&c.
Institute
>
is
located in
Mount Vernon, and was
a popular Institution, and well conducted.
a library of 600 volumes connected with the school. George
rated in 1850. It
is
incorpo-
There is
W. Todd,
Principal.
Milford High School, See Milford. George French, Principal.
Nashua High School, Nashua. T. W. H. Hussey, Principal.
Nashua Literahy Institution is located in the city of Nashua, and
was commenced in April, 1835, under the name of the " Nashua High
G. S. Brown, and David Crosby, Instructors.
In 1840, it was incorporated under its present name, and has been under the immediate management of Mr. Crosby ever since.
The building is two stories, the upper being used as school room, with
School."
�LITERARY INSTITUTIONS.
90 seatings, while in the
lower story
521
a recitation room, and apparatus
is
room.
This Institution
is
liberally patronized,
ty to seventy scholars.
At
and each term has from
thir-
the September term, 1873, there were forty-
nine scholars.
NEW-HAMPSHIRE CONFERENCE SEMINARY AND
FEMALE COLLEGE.
This Institution is located at Tilton. N. H., on the Boston, Concord &
Montreal Railroad, eighteen miles north of Concord, near the outlet of
Winnipiseogee Lake. The site is elevated, and commands a view of
natural scenery that, in extent, variety and beauty, is seldom equalled; and in healthfulness it cannot be surpassed.
On the third day of July, 1845, the first meeting of the Trustees of the
" New-Hampshire Conference Seminary" was held at the Brick Church,
in the town of Northfield. The preliminary meeting, which ordered
this, had been held at Winchester, June second.
On the 9th of November, 1852, initiatory steps were taken to enlarge the charter of the Seminary so as to comprehend, also, a Female College. This arrangement
was consummated December 29, 1852.
On the 7th day of November, 1862, the stately edifice of the Institution
was consumed by fire. Immediately, however, the trustees planned the
erection, of an edifice and a new site was procured on the Sanbornton side
of the river now Tilton. Three commodious buildings were erected on
the new campus, and by an act of the Legislature, approved June 24,
1863, the change and removal were legalized.
By the efforts of friends,
—
the resources and conveniences have gradually enlarged to date. Gradual prosperity has attended the Institution from its opening day until
now.
and grounds are worth
thousand dollars. It has an
last year its students numbered 256. In the current years of its existence, it has had 8,600 students.
The library has 1,183 volumes; the cabinet is
It has graduated 225.
quite large, especially that of Mineralogy. There are four flourishing
Literary Societies. It combines Seminary and College.
It has three
regular courses a Classical and a Belles Lettres for ladies, and a College Preparatory for gentlemen. It has also six special courses, viz.
Music, Book-keeping, Penmanship, Painting and Drawing, Normal Department, Theological Department. Its students from abroad generally
Its buildings
endowment
forty
of about twelve thousand.
;
The
�LITERARY INSTITUTIONS.
522
board in the Halls of the Institution. The present Board of Instruction
are Rev. John B. Robinson, A. M., President; Sylvester Dixon, A.M.,
R. E. Avery, A. M., Charles M. Glines, Julia E. Bullard, Preceptress;
Mary E. Harriman, A. M. Lizzie A. Herrick, M. L. A.
New-Hampshire Commercial College. This Institution is located
in the city of Manchester, and is a branch of a chain of colleges established in all the large cities in the United States, under the name of
;
,
Bryant and Stratton Business College.
It is designed to educate and prepare young men and women for all
clerical branches of business, such as writing, book-keeping, telegraphing &c. The number of scholars who have attended this college, the
last year, is over three hundred, coming from all sections of the State.
The length of term, thirteen weeks tuition for gentlemen, $25 a term;
—
ladies, $20.
college is now under the immediate charge of Prof. G. A. Gaswith competent assistants.
New-Hampton Institution is located in the town of New-Hampton,
and through the many changes it has undergone from its foundation, it
has sustained the reputation of being one of the best Institutions in the
The
kell,
State.
The New-Hampton Academy was first opened in September, 1821. Its
John K. Simpson, a native of New-Hampton, but
principal patron, Avas
merchant
at that time a
in Boston.
into the control of the State Br.ptist Convenand became known as the " New-Hampton Academical and Theological Institution," and was the first Baptist Seminary ever established
in New-England. It remained under the care of the Baptists until the
fall of 1852, when on account of financial difficulties, they deserted the
ground.
January, 1853, it was established under a new charter, and styled
"The New-Hampton Literary and Biblical Institution," and re-opened
Col. R. G.
under the direction of the Freewill Baptist Denomination.
Lewis, of New-Hampton, was the principal leader in this movement, and
In 1825, the school
fell
tion,
donated $ 15,600.
The average annual attendance, for the past fifty years, has been over
three hundred. There are six school buildings, valued at $30,000;
three literary societies, each having a library and reading room, besides
the general school library, amounting, in the aggregate, to 3,000 volumes.
There is a classical department, for both sexes, also an English department. This Institution claims that its department of natural sci
ence is superior to all institutions in the State, except the Scientific
School at Hanover. Their Commercial course is pronounced the best
in the State. The invested fund of the school is $ 15,000.
In 1870, the Theological Department, long connected with the school,
was removed to Lewiston, Muine Rev. A. B. Meservey, A. M. Ph. D.,
Principal. There are eight assistant teachers.
New-Ipswich Appleton Academy
Ipswich.
It
was incorporated
iu 1789,
is
town of Newyears maintained
located in the
and
for
many
�MERCHANTS' EXCHANGE, MANCHESTER.
LOCATION OF GASKELL'S BRYANT
&
STRATTON BUSINESS COLLEGE.
��LITERARY INSTITUTIONS.
523
the position as being one of the best Academies in the State. It still
has many friends, and is well sustained. There is a library of 500 volumes connected with the academy. John Herbert, Principal.
New-London Literary and Scientific Institution—The location of
this Institution
is
delightful, healthful,
and
retired,
amidst the
hills
and
hikes of New-Hampshire. It was founded at New-London in 1853. In
1873, a new academy building and boarding house were completed, with
all the modern improvements for school purposes, at an expense of
nearly $ 100,000, and,
in
it
now
has one of the tinest sets of school buildings
New-England.
It has a Board of twenty-four Trustees, and a
nent teachers.
Provision
is
made
faculty of eight
perma-
in the Institution for three distinct
—
the Scientific, College Preparatory, and Ladies'
most liberal endowment was from Mrs. James B. Colgate of New-York, a native of New-London. There are two scholarships viz. Smith's scholarship of $> 1,150, and Simond's scholarship of
$ 1,000. The income of these is annually applied to aid young men who
need and deserve assistance. The average attendance of students, for
courses of study, viz.
Collegiate.
Its
—
the past twenty years,
The Presidents
1853; Rev. G. B.
is
132;
number
of alumni, 281.
of the school have been, Rev. G.
Gow,
A. M., 1861; Rev. A.
W.
W. Gardner, D. D.,
Sawyer, D. D., 1864;
H. M. Willard, A. M., 1870, and L. E. Warren, A. M., 1872.
Present Officers Rev. E. E. Cummings. 1). D., President; Rev.
II. G. Safford, A. M. .Secretary; N. T. Greenwood, Esq., Treasurer.
Newport High SchooI, Newport. George R. Brown, Principal.
Northwood Academy is situated at Northwood Centre, near the
shore of Harvey Lake. But few towns in the State offer better inducements, for literary institutions, than this town.
The scenery in and
around Northwood is unsurpassed for beauty, in southern New-Hampshire, ami everything that surrounds the youth tends to a healthy and
moral influence, combined with a thorough and practical system of in-
—
struction.
It was incorporated in 1866, and since that time has been under the
immediate management of Rev. E. C. Cogswell as Principal. The
school has a library of 500 volumes.
Northwood Seminary is located in Northwood, on Clark's Hill,
about two miles south-east from Northwood Centre, and commands the most extensive and finest scenery in that section of the
State.
From this point, at a glance, can be seen, nearly the whole
basin of Rockingham County, the ocean and its numerous islands near
the coast.
It was incorporated in 1867, and gives the scholar a privilege of acquiring a thorough academical education. It has a library of 750 volumes. William H. Cotton Principal.
Orford Academy is located in Orford village, on the Connecticut,
and is well sustained. It was incorporated in 1853, and, has a library of
800 volumes. N. E. Stark, Principal.
Pennacook Academy—This popular
Institution
is
situated
in the
�524
LITERARY INSTITUTIONS.
healthy and flourishing village of Fisherville, on the Northern Railroad,
six miles north of the city of Concord.
The
buildings are of brick, and contain as elegant a suite of school-
rooms and boarding apartments as may be found in any New-England academy, with ample grounds, beautifully ornamented and in the
quiet part of the village, remote from the business streets. This academy lias been established at a large expense, and is supplied with the
most approved fixtures common to a first class literary institution. E.
C. Allen, Principal.
N. Butler, Henry H.
mittee.
Brown and Rev. W. R.
Jewett, Executive
Peterborough High School, Peterborough.
Com-
Tliomas P. Maryatt,
Principal.
Pinkerton Academy
is
located in Derry.
Incorporated in 1814.
George T. Tuttle, Principal.
Phillips Exeter Academt is located in the ancient and beautiful
town of Exeter, and is one of the oldest and most popular, endowed,
classical schools in New-England.
The founder of this Institution, Dr. John
Phillips,
who was
a native of
Andover, Massachusetts, but for many years a resident of Exeter, is believed, by many, to have been the most liberal benefactor, in proportion
to his earthly means, among our countrymen of the last century.
In
1778, he founded Phillips Academy, at Andover, Mass., giving $ 31.000.
about one third of this sum being bestowed at its commencement, and
the other two thirds- inl790.
He also endowed a professorship of
theology in Dartmouth College, serving as one of its trustees for twenty
years, and made liberal gifts to Princeton College, New-Jersey.
The foundation and endowments of Phillips Exeter Academy, Dr.
Phillips regarded as his own individual effort in which he required no
coadjutor, and sought no pecuniary aid. From the Legislature, he obtained a charter, dated April
3,
1781.
It is the oldest institution
of learn-
by State law, in New-Hampshire, Dartmouth College
being chartered by royal grant, in 1769.
The constitution and laws governing this school were drafted by his
own hand, and the foresight in its draft manifests a profound and
practical wisdom which fully equals his generosity. His ideas were libel al and catholic, and the sentiments embodied in this constitution, are
worthy to be handed down to this generation, and to generations for ages to
come. "Above all," he says, "it is expected that the attention of instructors to the disposition of the minds and morals of the youth under
their charge will exceed every other care well considering that though
goodness without knowledge is weak and feeble, yet knowledge without goodness is dangerous, and that both united form the noblest character, and lay the. surest foundation of usefulness to mankind. "
And
" it is again declared, that the first and principal design of this Institution is the promoting of virtue and true piety, useful knowledge being
ing, established
;
—
subservient thereto." The school was opened for instruction, May 1st
1783, and from that date up to the present time its popularity as a first
�525
LITERARY INSTITUTIONS.
been maintained against the tide of
changes which has swept over our country in every decade, not even
excepting literary institutions. The same rules are now enforced, as to
what is required of students, as were in the student days of Lewis Cass,
Daniel Webster, and many others over three quarters of a century ago.
Wealth and aristocracy have never found a foot-hold in this Institution,
whereby poverty should be trampled, neither are the faculty allowed to
cater to it, on any consideration, and without any regard to either, scholarship and deportment take the prize. The motto before the student is
" Whatever you can rationally desire others should do to you,
this
class institution for learning, has
—
them in the kindest manner."
portion of the academy funds, from the first, has been set apart for
the special aid of a certain number oi youths of merit who lack the means
of support, that number now being about twenty. They receive nearly
Some of the
enough to pay for their b. ard while attending school.
brightest literary stars in the country have received this beneficiary
that do for
A
and among the many who could be mentioned are the Honorable
George Bancroft and Jared Sparks. It can be said that honest poverty,
yearning for knowledge, can truly find a friend in this Institution.
Mr. Phillip's endowments were made at several dates, and together
with his last bequest, at the time of his death, April 21, 1795, amounted
to at least $> 65,000. The present fund of the academy is about $ 125,000.
Abbott Hall was erected about twenty years ago, at an expense of $20,
000, and is used for a study, and as a students' joint stock boarding house.
In the early part of 1873, the Swamscot Hotel was purchased, and has
been arranged for the same purpose. December 18, 1870, the old acadeaid,
my
building
tique in
its
was burnt
to the ground.
It
was a wooden
structure, an-
architecture, but having a venerable appearance.
brick building has been erected upon its ashes, which
modious and convenient. It was dedicated June 19, 1872.
is
A new
more com-
Special Endowments. There are two endowments worthy of mention,
coming as they did from men who had been befriended by this academy
in their youthful days, to complete their education. The first is called
the " Bancroft Scholarship." The income of this scholarship, founded by Hon. George Bancroft, present minister to Berlin, amounts to
$ 140, and is given to a meritorious scholar, selected by the Trustees.
Sibley Book Fund. This fund is about $ 15,000, the income of which
—
appropriated for the purchase of text books for indigent students.
The whole mimber of students who have entered this Institution up
to the present rime is over 4,000 the present number is about 200.
Instructors. Albert C. Perkins, A. M., Principal; George A. Went-
is
;
—
worth, A. M., Professor of Mathematics; Bradbury L. Cilley, A. M.,
Professor of Ancient Languages; R. F. Penned, A. B., Instructor in Latin; Professsor Gideon L. Soule, LL. D., was principal of this Institution from 1838 to 1873, and instructor from 1822, to 1838.
He
retired in
a service of fifty-one years.
Portsmouth High School. This school was formerly in two departments, the boys occupying one department and the girls the other.
June,
1873, after
—
�LITERARY INSTITUTIONS.
520
now in one department.
Robinson' Female Seminary The Robinson Female Seminary, in
Exeter, was founded by the wise liberality of William Robinson, Esq.,
a native and early resident of that town, who passed his latter years in
the State of Georgia. By his last will, after providing amply for his
widow and near relatives, and endowing a school in the town where
he resided, he bequeathed the residue of his large estate to the town of
his nativity, to establish a female seminary, in which he directed that
" the course of instruction should be such as would tend to make female scholars equal to all the practical duties of life
such a course
of education as will enable them to compete, and successfully, too, with
their brothers throughout the world, when they take their part in the
actual duties of life." He further provided, that in admitting applicants
to the seminary, " all other things being equal, the preference should
always be given to the poor and the orphan."
The town of Exeter accepted the bequest, and adopted a code of regulations for the management of the contemplated institution, which was
sanctioned by a legislative enactment. The sum of more than a quarter of a million of dollars, principal and income, was realized from the
bequest, and a female seminary was at once organized on a scale commensurate with the design of the founder and the magnitude of his gift.
In 1867, the institution was opened for the reception of pupils, and in
1869 it was fully organized and established in the new and elegant buildThis has been changed, and both sexes are
—
;
ing erected for
—
it.
The seminary receives, free of charge, female pupils belonging to the
town of Exeter, who must be at least nine years of age and qualified for
Grammar
all other pupils a moderate
omitted in all suitable cases,
upon proper application.
The entire course of study is comprised in
three departments the Preparatory, Academic, and Collegiate which
are designed to embrace a thorough course of instruction, up to the most
admission to the
sum
for tuition is required,
schools;
though
from
this
is
—
—
advanced studies.
The number of students has averaged from 225 to 275, of whom much
number belong in Exeter. The immediate government of
the Robinson Female Seminary is vested in Eben S. Stearns, M. A.,
the greater
Principal, with ten assistants
who
are
all ladies.
—
The Board of Trustees are as follows Charles H. Bell, President Abnei Merrill, Joshua Gitchell, Noah Hooper, William P. Moulton, John
;
E. Gardner, Samuel' W. Leavitt.
Rochester High School, Rochester.
Rollinsford High School, Rollinsfoi'd.
Milton C. Hyde, Princi-
pal.
Simoxds Free High School, See Warner.
So.mersworth High School, Somersworth.
W.
H. Farrer, Princi-
pal.
Stevens High School, Claremont. This popular Institution was
founded through the liberal endowments of Paran Stevens, Esq., of NewYork, a former resident of this town. These endowments amounted to
�LITERATI Y INSTITUTIONS.
527
68,000, S 15,000 of which was appropriated to assist the town in
erecting suitable buildings, and$ 50,000 as a permanent fund to support
the school. By the will of the late Mrs. E. B. Alden, $3,000 was also en-
$
dowed for the benefit of the school.
The school, though established and endowed,
nificence, is entirely public in
its
character.
largely,
Any
by private mu-
child living in the
town, who is twelve years of age and can pass the required examination,
can be admitted to all its privileges. The committee having the school
in charge is elected annually in open town meeting as other town officers are, any one member or all the members being subject to change
with the will of the voters.
The building, located upon a principal street, on an ample lot enclosed
by an iron fence, is of brick, two stories high, placed over a fine cemented basement which contains the furnace, and surmounted by a slated
mansard roof, in which is an ample hall the whole size of the building, used
for the assembly of the school for devotion, musical exercises, lecturing,
examinations &c. The central stories are divided into four large schoolrooms capable of accommodating two hundred scholars, while the average attendance, since the first year, has not exceeded half that number. The expense of this fine building was over S 27,000. It was finished and opened for the first school, in September, 1868. Arthur J.
Swain, is the present Principal.
Mr. Stevens died in May, 1872. He has placed a monument in Claremont, of which the name written on its tablet will ever be cherished by
the generations to come
a monument more honorable to his memory
and more lasting than one of marble, towering high to meet the starry
heavens, far above the shaft of Bunker Hill.
St. Paul's School is in the city of Concord, about two miles west of
the State House, and was first opened on Thursday, April 3, 1856, for the
admission of pupils. The act of incorporation by the Legislature is dated June 29, 1855. The first meeting of the Board of Trustees was held
September 5, 1855. The design with which it was founded is sufficiently expressed in these words, from the deed of gift: "The founder is de;
endowing a school of the highest class, for boys, in which they
education which shall fit them either for College or busi-
sirous of
may obtain an
ness; including thorough intellectual training in the various branche3
of learning; gymnastic and manly exercises adapted to preserve health
and strengthen the physical condition such aesthetic culture and accomplishments as shall tend to refine the manners and elevate the taste, together with careful moral and religious instruction."
The full course of instruction is designed to cover seven years, and to
prepare for admission to the Freshman or Sophomore class in our best
;
Colleges.
The religious instruction is in accordance with the Liturgy and other
Formularies of the Protestant Episcopal church, There are about 160
students and twelve instructors.
The Rev. Henry A. Coit, D. D., is the Rector. The Right Rev. Bishop
iules
is
the President of the Corporation.
�LITERARY INSTITUTIONS.
528
TILDEN SEMINARY.
West Lebanon.
Tilden Female Seminary was erected in
1854, as recorded on the
over the front door.
Among the early contributors to this noble enterprise were William
Tilden, Esq., and Richard B. Kimball, Esq., of New- York; Prof.
Charles B. Haddock, Mr. Allen II. Weld, and Mr. Joseph Wood. Mr.
Tilden was the largest contributor, and hence the seminary took his
marble block
in the wall
name.
During the first ten years, three principals Prof. A. H. Weld, James
Means, and V. H. Dean in this order, had charge of the school. Vary-
—
—
ing fortune attended their efforts.
In the spring of 1865, Mr. Hiram Orcutt, the present Principal, leased
the property and re-opened the sc hool, having in charge, also, for the three
following years, Glenwood Ladies Seminary, at Brattleboro, Vt. In the
fall of 1868, Mr. William Tilden, the original founder, decided to enlarge
the building, by erecting two spacious wings, which were completed the
following spring, at an expense of over $ 20,000.
In June of 1869, a new charter was secured from the legislature, and
a new Board of Trustees appointed.
The
hall,
building, as completed, contains a spacious
rooms
gymnasium, dining-
for the family of the principal, studio, a reading, historical,
and library room, and some fifty pleasant rooms for boarders.
The out-fit has cost some $ 50,000. The school has been in successful
operation during these years, and at present (1873) has pupils from seventeen different States of our Union.
—
Expenses For board and tuition in the English course, for the Academic year, $ 225 for board and regular instruction in all departments
of the school, for three successive sessions, $ 300.
Troy High School, Troy.— Mrs. Louisa B. Wright, Principal.
Tubbs Union Academy is pleasantly located in the town of Washington. It is a popular Institution in the vicinity of its location, and is
well sustained, under the supervison of its present teachers Misses
Beede and Sanborn. It has a fund which relieves part of the expenses
;
—
of managing the school.
Walpole High School,
Walpole.
Curtis R. Crowe!!, Principal.
�529
PUBLIC STATE INSTITUTIONS.
PUBLIC STATE INSTITUTIONS.
NEW-HAMPSHIRE ASYLUM FOR THE INSANE.
This popular Institution is located in the city of Concord, about
one half mile south-west from the State House. It is situated on
Pleasant Street, on elevated ground, overlooking the southern portion of the City
and an extensive range of country towards the
south and south-east.
This
From
Asylum was
created by an act of the Legislature, in 1838.
was expended in the organization,
and erecting necessary buildings, which consisted of a center structure, forty-six by fifty-one feet, four stories high, two wings
extending in opposite directions, each being thirty-six by ninety
this date, to 1842, the time
location,
feet,
and three
stories high.
The
center was devoted to business
purposes, while the wings afforded accommodations
patients of each sex.
It
was opened
for forty-five
for the reception of patients,
October 28, 1842.
In 1845, it was found necessary to erect a separate building, to
accommodate the more disturbed class of the insane, remote from
the quiet portion in the main buildings.
In 1849-50, another wing was added, which gives accommodations for fifty more patients.
In 1854-5, a fourth extension was
made, on the same side, thirty-four by sixty feet, and three stories
high.
This last building was also used for the accommodation of
the disturbed class, to the number of twenty-one. In 1856, another
wing was erected, on the opposite side, thirty-six by one hundred
and forty-six feet, and three stories high, adding room for about
sixty women.
In 1856-7, another extension was made, on the same
side, giving additional room for thirty patients.
In 1868-69 was
added a building in the rear of the original center for a bakery,
kitchen, ordinary, dining rooms and chapel in the second story.
As now constructed, the Asylum will give accommodations for
two hundred and sixty patients, and the buildings, together with
the land for the location, has cost the State one hundred and ninetyfour thousand dollars ($ 194,000).
State to provide buildings
at
It has
been the policy of the
the public expense, and require a
charge for board sufficient to cover the necessary running expenses
of the institution, and the Trustees have always sought to fix the
rate as low as consistent with the maintenance of a
first
class
hospital.
The Asylum
is
under the management of twelve Trustees, ap-
�NEW-HAMPSHIRE ASYLUM FOR THE INSANE.
530
pointed and commissioned by the Governor and Council, for a term
of four years, three retiring from the board, and three appointed
These Trustees receive no compensation for their
expenses alone being allowed.
every year.
ser-
vices, actual traveling
The Governor and
of the House are,
Council, President of the Senate, and Speaker
ex-officio, constituted
a visiting committee, with
power to examine into the condition and affairs of the Institution, and see that its benevolent designs are being fully carried out.
"With these wise precautions, it does seem that the New-Hampshire
Asylum for the Insane should be far above suspicion of any irregufull
larities,
which are now resting upon similar
States
and while
;
ments,
lum
it
economy
is
institutions, in
practiced in all of
its
other
arrange-
has always been the policy of the Managers of this Asy-
make
to
strict
it
respects a curative Institution.
in all
Thirty-four
hundred (3400) persons have received its care and treatment from
the beginning; and of this number over fourteen hundred (1400)
have been restored to their mental health.
By
Statute, the
appropriated to
sum
assist
of six thousand dollars ($ 6,000)
is
annually
the indigent insane in the payment of their
support at the Asylum, to be appropriated by the Governor
sum being
over one third of this
In addition
the
;
not
credited to their support by towns.
to this State aid, the indigent insane receive, annually,
sum of eight thousand
dollars ($ 8,000), derived from the inter-
by various benevolent persons
These two charities so greatly lighten the burden
est of legacies left
benefit of the
for their benefit.
as to bring the
Hospital within the reach of those of very small
means.
The permanent funds of
Adams
the Institution are derived as follows;
Conant fund, 16,000 Chandler fund, $25,
Kimball fund,
000; Fisk fund, 811,699; Kent fund, $ 150,000
$6,753; Rumford fund, $15,000 Sherman fund, $5,000; making
a total of $ 221,552. It is expected that this amount will be increased $ 20,000 by a legacy from Miss Arabella Rice, of Portsfund, $ 1,200
;
;
;
;
mouth.
The
number of patients in this Institution in June, 1873,
men and 137 women 23 men and 10 women have
died within the year number recovered in the same time, 61.
total
was 276
— 139
;
;
Although the Asylum,
for the past thirty years,
still
its
has been con-
and convenience,
architectural beauty has always been kept in view, and as
stantly undergoing exterior changes, both in size
�OFFICERS OF THE INSTITUTION.
now arranged,
531
the buildings present a fine and imposing appear-
ance, excelled by few like institutions in this country.
There
is
connected with this Institution, one of the best farms in
the State.
The farm, together with
the
Asylum grounds,
an area of one hundred and twenty-five acres.
ture,
There
is
contains
also a pas-
about one mile south-west from the home farm, which con-
tains
fifty-four
acres.
In
1871,
Legislature appropriated
the
$ 7,000 to remove the old, and erect a
new farm barn.
The
buildings, as repaired and improved, cost $ 10,940, and consisted of
a farm barn, horse barn, carriage house, barn sheds, carpenter and
machine shop, &c. The barn is 110 feet
A driveway goes through the
long, 45 feet wide
feet post.
pass through without difficulty.
In
aud 22
teams can
appointments it is a
center, so that
all its
There are twenty-six cows, eight horses, twenty-eight
fatting hogs and some thirty others of different ages.
Some of the
model barn.
most important products, one year with another, are 80 tons of hay,
400 bushels of corn (in the ear), 300 bushels of oats, 300 bushels of
potatoes, 9,500 gallons of milk, 30 pigs sold, 15 calves sold, 9,000
pounds of pork, 400 heads of cabbage, 92 bushels of tomatoes, 80
bushels of onions, 500 bushels of apples, &c. Everything around
the farm and farm buildings indicates that it is under the manage-
ment of husbandmen who understand their business, and the examshown here is worthy to be imitated by hundreds of farmers in
this State who idle away one half of their time, complaining of
ple
the hard lot of a farmer's
life.
OFFICERS OF THE INSTITUTION.
Board of
Visitors.
(Ex-officio.)
His Excellency Ezekiel A.
Dow, Hon. John J. Morrill, Hon. William
P. Newell, Hon. Dexter Richards, Hon. Joseph Powers, Hon
Charles H. Campbell, President of the Senate, Hon Asa Fowler
Speaker of the House of Representatives.
Board of Trustees. Hon. Isaac Spaulding, Nashua, Presi
dent, Joseph B. Walker, Esq., Concord, Secretary, Hon. Charles A
Tufts, Dover, George B. Twitchell, M. D., Keene, Hon. John
Sanborn, Wakefield, Hon. E. A. Hibbard, Laconia, William G
Perry, M. D., Exeter, Hon. Denison R. Burnhara, Plymouth
Waterman Smith, Esq., Manchester, Hon. Dexter Richards, New
port, George W. Haven, Esq., Portsmouth, Henry Colony, Esq.,
Straw, Hon. Samuel P.
W
Keene.
Resident Officers.
J. P. Bancroft,
M.
D., Sup't,
Treasurer
�NEW-HAMPSHIRE COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE.
532
and Physician; J. P. Brown, M. D., Assistant Physician; J. C.
Cockbum, M. D., Second Assistant and Apothecary; Mr. W. T.
Mc Lam, Steward; ^NJiss H. W. Moore, Matron.
XEW-HAMPSHIRE COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE AND THE
MECHANIC ARTS.
This college
is
a State Institution, established expressly for the
promotion of the industrial interests of New-Hampshire.
In July, 1862, Congress passed an act to establish colleges of agriculture
and the mechanic
and made a
any such institution
arts in the several States,
liberal grant of public land for the support of
which might be established.
In June, 1866, the legislature of this State accepted the provisions of the congressional act, and established the College of Agriculture, to be located at
cial
Hanover, and
to
be connected, by a spe-
arrangement, with Dartmouth College.
The
college
is
under the direction of nine
trustees, of
whom
five
by the governor with advice of the council, and four
by the trustees of Dartmouth College. The fund of the college derived from the sale of 150,000 acres of land, amounts to S 80,000
and is securely invested in six per cent. New-Ham;>shire bonds.
Under the law passed by Congress, no part of this fund could be
expended in the erection of any buildings. About this time the
late David Culver bequeathed to Dartmouth College fifteen thousand dollars for the promotion of agricultural science. This bequest the trustees of Dartmouth College offered to contribute, with
an additional sum of ten thousand dollars, of their own funds, bequeathed to them by Mrs. David Culver, together with a fine lot
are appointed
for the erection of a suitable building, provided the State of
Hampshire would increase the fund
generous
offer the legislature
to forty
thousand dollars.
of 1869, accepted, and
NewThis
the college
building called "Culver Hall" was erected.
It is pronounced by
competent judges one of the finest educational structures in NewEngland. It is a plain, imposing brick structure of four stories,
having a length of one hundred and a breadth of sixty feet, cover-
ed with a lofty Mansard roof. The basement is to be reserved for
an extensive collection of agricultural implements and models of
machinery. The other stories afford rooms for lecture, recitation,
library, museum, weighing room, and laboratory, furnished with
�NEW-HAMPSHIRE ORPHANS' HOME.
modern appliances
all the
533
for the practical study of chemistry, &c.
is a farm of nearly 400 acres, 162
and presented to the institution by
the late Hon. John Conant, of Jaffrey. This farm will afford the
student an opportunity of seeing the practical application of the
theoretical knowledge which he is acquiring in the college.
There are two terms in the year, covering the time from the 1st
In connection with the college
acres of which was purchased
of September, to the 19th of April, excepting a vacation of four
weeks
The tuition is $ 15 per
in mid-winter.
It has a course
term.
of study covering a period of three years, in which science and
application to agriculture and other
manual
industries are
its
made
especially prominent.
Twelve
free scholarships,
one for each senatorial
district, estab-
lished in connection with the congressional grant, are designed to
young men of limited means in educating themselves for the
During the past year a scholarship has
life.
been established by the Hon. John Conant for each town of Chesaid
practical avocations of
Young men
hire County.
make
desiring a State scholarship, should
application to the senators of their respective districts
;
those
desiring one of the town scholarships, should apply to the selectmen
of the town in which they reside.
There are other scholarships
available to worthy applicants from any part of the State.
NEW-HAMPSHIRE ORPHANS' HOME.
The New-Hampshire Orphans' Home and School of
a benevolent institution, chartered by the State, but
upon the voluntary contributions of the people
essary to meet the expenses of
and belongs equally
to all
its
Methodists,
Universalists, Christians, Freewill Baptist,
sented,
upon
its
Board of Trustees
is
for the funds nec-
establishment and maintenance
denominations who aid
Congregationalist,
tributions.
Industry
relies entirely
it
by
Baptist,
their con-
Unitarians,
and Friends are repre-
as visitors.
It receives as its beneficiaries all
promising children of want,
without regard to social status, complexion or nationality.
It
is
for
orphans and those that are worse than orphans, render-
ed so by the dissolute character and poverty of their parents.
The
is to extend the hand of sympathy to
upon the rough sea of life, who have been deprived of
good homes either by misfortune or neglect, and instead of leaving
object of the institute
those waifs
�NEW-HAMPSHIRE ORPHANS* HOME.
534
them
to
graduate in crime, draw them to comfort and safety, and
send them on their way to true success, to a rational happiness and a
useful life.
While the children remain at the institution, they are
he well cared
to
for,
morally, intellectually and physically, a
school beiug in session, through the year, for their special benefit,
also on
Sunday Divine
Service,
and a Sunday
school.
When
plac-
ed in families, the parties that receive them are bound to exercise
—
over them a kind and' paternal care 1st by furnishing them with
proper food and clothing, in sickness and in health, 2d. by securing
them the advantages of a good common school education, and at
times using their influence, both by precept and example, to
train them to habits of industry, economy, self-reliance, temperance
and morality, that they may be fitted, in due time, to take their
The boys as well as the
places as honorable members of society.
girls are to receive, when eighteen years of age, their time, an extra
suit of clothing and such compensation in money as they may
to
all
reasonably deserve.
The
Location.
location of the
Home
is
England, rich in historical associations
one of the
— where
finest in
New-
was brought
to
maturity one of the greatest intellects America, or even the world,
has ever produced.
The "Webster Farm," upon which
this insti-
two and a half miles below 4he flourishing village of Franklin, and about sixteen miles above the city of Concord, on the right bank of the Merrimack, on the line of the Northern Railway, and presents a home view of as fine country scenery as
tution
is
located,
can be found
"
is
in the central portion of this State.
Webster Farm," Webster and
his
Relative to the
mother the poet has well
said.
"What
hallowed memories arise
Within our hearts and dim our eyes.
We think of him without a peer,
Who spent his happy boyhood here,
And with his brother brave and true,
Ate honest bread and earned it too.
We call to mind that mother dear,
Whose precious dust lies buried near
Her record is preserved on high,
In characters that cannot die."
New-Hampshire has the honor of establishing the first Orphans'
Home, outside of city limits, in New-England. The first voluntary
State Convention ever held in the United States, for this purpose, was
held in Eagle Hall in the city of Concord, February 21, A. D.
�NEW-HAMPSHIRE ORPHANS' HOME.
1871, and resulted in the inauguration of the
535
New-Hampshire Or-
phans' Home. It was dedicated with appropriate and impressive
ceremonies, October 19, 1871, and on the third day of November
following, the
first
beneficiary was received.
Since that date, sev-
enty-one children of want have come under the sheltering care of
this institution, representing
land,
Scotland,
seven nationalities, viz. France, Ire-
Ten
Germany, Africa, America and England.
are orphan children of soldiers.
The financial condition
During the first year of
of the
its
Home
to
November
1st
A. D. 1873.
existence, the institution fed, clothed,
furnished medical attendance and instruction to fifty-six orphan
and homeless children paid for fitting up the Home, and furnishing the farm with tools and stock, and laid aside a fund of $ 5,000,
and had twenty-six hundred dollars in the treasury at the close of
;
the year.
During the second year of
1,
its
active existence, which ended
A. D., 1873,
It kept its permanent fund good, using nothing but
its
Nov.
interest,
raised a building fund of over ten thousand dollars, paid out over
$ 700. for personal property for the institution, increased the
num-
ber of children to 71, met all of the current expenses, which were
increased by sickness, and
exchequer.
belonging to
still
finds itself
—with an
unexhausted
And we take pleasure in adding that the Real Estate
the Home and free from debt has increased in value
thousand dollars.
There has been paid to the Treasurer at Concord, N. H., $ 31,061.37
To the Hon George W. Nesmith in Franklin, N. H.,
5,000.00
Donations in bedding, clothing, furniture &c.,
1,500.00
In the Treasury and on subscription
2,500.00
ten
$40,061.37
Assets of the Institution.
The Webster
Home, ManFarm House, out-buildings, and 180 acres
of land, with the new building, partly completed
$ 25,000.00
Furniture of the Home, stock, farming tools and produce.
5,500.00
Estate, including the ancestral
sion House,
.
Permanent fund invested
.
for the Institution
5,000.00
$ 35,500.00
The following are the
individuals and churches,
who have
gener-
ously donated 8 500 and over, for the establishment and mainten-
ance of this benevolent institution
Space will not permit us to
�NEW-HAMPSHIRE STATE PRISON.
536
who have bestowed their
and who doubtless are quite as deserving of reward
give the names of hundreds of others,
lesser
gifts,
as those
who
are blessed with larger worldly means.
The Hon. George W. Nesmith, of Franklin
Mrs. Betsey Whitehouse, Pembroke
Levi Lyman, Esq., Walpole
$
1,000.00
1,100.00
1,000.00
Nathaniel White, Esq., and Family, of Concord
H. II. Ladd, Esq., and Mother, of Portsmouth
1,000.00
680.00
Hon. Frank Jones, of Portsmouth
600.00
Nashua
Hon. Dexter Richards, Newport
John C. Morrison, of Fisherville
Churches.
Franklin St. Congregational Church Sunday School ManJ. G. Graves,
M.
D.,
chester
500.00
500.00
500.00
1,1
South Congregational Church, Sunday School and Orphan
Helpers, Concord
Hanover St. Congregational Church and Sunday School,
Manchester
First Congregational Church, Portsmouth, nearly
First Congregational Church, Sunday School, Nashua, over
Olive St. Congregational Church Sunday School, Nashua.
10.00
1,000.00
700.00
700.00
600,00
nearly
Mrs. Frances M. Farley, Bradford, N.
Unitarian Society and Sabbath School, Keene
Congregational Church and Society of Amherst, over
Churches and citizens of Peterborough, over
Churches and citizens of Rochester, over
500.00
Churches and citizens of Littleton, nearly
Churches and citizens of the city of Dover
Churches and citizens of Lebanon
Churches and citizens of Franklin
Middle St. Baptist Church, Portsmouth
500.00
H
500.00
519.00
500.00
500.00
600.00
500.00
1,000.00
3,000.00
550.00
Officers of the Home.
Nesmith, Franklin, President; Hon, O. W. Fowler,
Hon. John Kimball, Concord, Treasurer; Rev.
D. A. Mack, Franklin, Superintendent; Mrs. A. R. Mack, Matron; Miss
Jennie Mack, Teacher.
Hon. George
W.
Bristol, "Vice President;
NEW-HAMPSHIRE STATE PRISON.
This Institution
is
situated in Concord,
and located on State
Street about one third of a mile north of the State House.
The
dark, heavy, stone walls, together with the antique architecture of
this
building, do not present a very imposing appearance from
�NEW-HAMPSHIRE STATE PRISON.
537
»
the Street, and, in imagination, remind one of an old French Basor an ancient Englishman's castle, built more as a defence to
guard against attacks from without, than for any beauty or taste,
which in these days are frequently combined with strength.
The central part and south wing of the prison were built in 1812,
at which time the Institution went into operation, having one prisIn 1833, the
oner, the number in 1813 being increased to twelve.
with the improvements of the
north wing was added, to correspond
tile,
In
age.
this building is
a hall with 120
cells for
the convicts.
It
and warmed by steam, but all men of humane
judgment who have visited this prison hall, acknowledge that the
cells are one third too small for human beings to sleep in, and enjoy good health, without great inconvenience to the overseers, and
by
lighted
is
gas,
The individual
continuous watchful care as to sanitary regulations.
convenience of convicts should never be consulted only as to their
physical health, but no law, formed either by legislative act or long
continued practice, has any moral right to
punishment on
inflict
any person, however great his crime, that will impair his health,
The
especially when a fair day's work is demanded at his hands.
whole number of convicts in the prison, April 30, 1873, was 88
white males 78 black males 6, and 4 females. 16 were under 20
20 between
years of age when committed 40 between 20 and 30
and 50, and only 7 over 50 years. Of
30 and 40 5 between 40
28 convicts claimed
this number, 23 were married and 65 single.
to be temperate men in their habits before their commitment, while
60 acknowledged themselves to have been intemperate, and were
under the influence of wine when they committed the deeds for
which they are now paying the penalty. 77 can read and write
7 can only read, and 4 can neither read nor write. 6 were committed
for murder, 3 for murder in the second degree, and one for man;
;
;
The
slaughter.
rest
were convicted of various crimes, but the
larger portion for stealing in different forms, but in such small
sums, as not to be in keeping with the moral sentiments of the day
in relation to stealing.
Rockingham County
8
;
Strafford, 11
borough, 29
The
;
;
furnishes of the present
Belknap, 2
Cheshire, 8
;
Carroll, 3
Sullivan, 1
;
;
Within
number
of convicts,
Merrimack, 14
is
;
Hills-
and Coos, 5.
inclosed on three
Grafton, 7
prison yard including about two acres,
;
this inclosure,
is
one of the
brick work shops in the State, and no doubt
is
the saving
sides by a heavy granite wall.
finest
;
�NEW-HAMPSHIRE STATE PRISON.
538
grace for the dilapidated prison buildings at the present time. The
manufacturing of bedsteads is the only mechanical employment of
the convicts,
is
doubtful
turn
who
are let under contract to George T. Comius.
if there is
It
an equal number of men in the State, who
more work than the convicts in this bedstead shop. 10,000
lumber of various kinds are daily cut up for bedsteads.
oft"
feet of
The
discipline is very strict but not cruel.
A vigilant
eye
is
kept on the convicts every moment, and they are soon fully convinced that no chance will be offered them to
make
their escape.
Consequently they are more contented and cheerful than a lax
Their food is wholesome and ample.
cipline cau make them.
dis-
No
brown bread can be made than the bread furnished for these convicts. Their cots and cells are kept clean, well
The State went to
aired, and are as large as the State furnishes.
expense of sending Mr. Allen Folger to the International Prison
the
Congress, held in London in July 1872, as commissioner from NewHampshire, and in his report made to Governor Straw, he says the
cells in the English prisons, compared to New-Hampshire State's
better wheat and
Prison cells are very large, being seven feet wide by eight feet long,
and eight
This
feet high.
is
quite a contrast to cells less than four
It is to be hoped that
feet wide, seven long and seven feet high.
the expense of sending Mr. Folger to London, will not be wholly
lost to the best iuterest of the State.
A
six inch
main water pipe has been
laid the entire length of
yard, with two hydrants set at convenient distances, and having
two hundred
this
feet of hose to
guard against
fire.
management of the Warden, J. C.
Prison has become a paying institution, instead of a
Under
the present
pense to the State.
Pillsbury,
bill
of ex-
In the three years that Mr. Pillsbury has had
charge of the Prison,
it
has earned over and above all expenses, in-
cluding repairs &c, $20,035.11.
This amount has been passed to
the credit of the Prison account with the State, and eventually will
be used to make extensive repairs of the old buildings or erect new
ones.
There
is
a library of fifteen hundred volumes connected with the
Prison, for the use of the convicts.
Within a few
all
years, a law has been established which orders that
persons convicted of murder and sentenced to be executed, shall
less than one year prior to the
which shall take place within the walls of
be confined in the State Prison not
day of
their execution,
�NEW-HAMPSHIRE STATE PRISON.
539
the prison, the sheriff of the county in which the deed was commit.
ted acting as executioner.
Since this law, one person has been executed, and another
under sentence
The
first
to
is
be hung the third Tuesday of February, 1874.
victim of his crime was Josiah L. Pike, thirty-one years
was
of age, a native of Portsmouth, but at the time of the deed,
making his home in Newburyport, Massachusetts. Mr. Thomas
Brown and wife were an aged couple, residing in Hampton Falls,
and living on a small farm with other sufficient means for their
maintenance. Josiah L. Pike was a young man, of loose habits,
and frequently assisted Mr. Brown on his farm, always receiving
fair
many
compensation for his services; besides he was
times the
object of charity from the motherly hands of Mrs. Brown.
when he
In the
was paid the
full amount for his labor and also received, as a gift from Mrs.
Brown, a pair of new woolen feetiugs. Through the following
winter he led a dissolute life, frequently being under the influence
of liquor. This conduct naturally brought him into straitened
circumstances, by spring, and very much in want of money.
Through some source he learned that Mr. Brown had sold a yoke
fall
of 1867, he assisted Mr. Brown, and
left
of oxen and had received his pay for them in money.
night of
May
7,
On
the
Brown
many times
1867, he went secretly to the house of Mr.
and inhumanly murdered him and his wife, who had so
befriended him in time of need. For this dark and bloody deed,
Pike was arrested, and in clue time, convicted of the murder. He
paid the penalty of his crime by being hung in the south-west corner of the prison hall,
November
9,
1869, Joseph P. Morse, of
Portsmouth, acting as his executioner.
Franklin B. Evans is a native of Strafford, and at the date of the
crime for which he stands convicted, and sentenced, was living in
Northwood, and sixty one years of age. Georgianna Lovering, a
and only fourteen years of
niece of Evans,
grandparents, in North wood near the Strafford
Evans
for
many
years
had
age, lived with her
line.
lived a wandering
life,
sometimes
traveling through the country as a physician, pretending to
wonderful cures while at other times he would be dressed
;
effect
in
a
sanctimonious garb and assume the profession and duties of an
itinerant preacher, but through all his various professions there
never was a more evil designing and hypocritical heart, than beat
He had long watched Georin the breast of Franklin B. Evans.
�NEW-HAMPSHIRE STATE PRISON.
540
gianna with evil intent, and deeply laid his plans whereby he could
God know
ruin her, and no one but himself and his
Near the
it.
abode of Georgianna was the edge of a deep forest, and the largest
tract of wood-land in Rockingham County, covering an area of
nearly 2000 acres. In these woods Evans had placed some snares
with the pretension of catching partridges, but doubtless, for no
other purpose than to lure his victim into his lecherous grasp.
After these plans had been consummated, he commenced his
sophistry with Georgianna by telling her simple stories about snar-
ing these beautiful birds, which naturally attracted her childish
and one morning she accompanied him to the traps, but
In this visit, Evans had finished his
second act in this great tragedy. He had shown the innocent
girl where these snares were concealed, so that she could go alone
into the forest and find them.
A few mornings after this advencuriosity,
no birds had been secured.
ture,
October 25, 1872, he requested her to accommodate him by
visiting the snares, that morning, alone, as
he was obliged
another way and be absent nearly the whole day.
to go
She hesitated
comply with
about going, but at length, reluctantly, consented to
his request, and he started* apparently, on his way
to
fulfil
his
day's engagement, but, doubtless, went directly and concealed him-
woods to watch the movements of his intended victim.
She put on her shawl and hat, kissed her grandmother good bye,
and started out of doors to go to the forest as she had promised her
uncle, which was the- last time that Georgianna Lovering was ever
seen alive by any human being, save Evans.
Her prolonged absence from the house caused her grandfather
to go to the forest and call for her
but no response came. He
returned to the house, and he and the mother of the child went
again to the woods for a more thorough search, and, in a short time,
self near the
;
found the
girl's
apron, and,
still
farther in the deep forest,
brush fence, they found her comb
;
but
the whereabouts of the child were
at once alarmed,
all
lost.
The neighborhood was
and a general search was made that day and night
and through the next day, but
all their efforts
Suspicion, at once, strongly pointed to
thing about. the loss of Georgianna, as
had not been, that day, where he
in
near a
other traces relative to
were of no
Evans
it
as
avail.
knowing some-
was ascertained that he
was going,- but
told the girl he
an opposite direction, and, further, could give no account of
He was arrested and tried
himself for several hours of that day.
�NEW-HAMPSHIRE STATE PRISON.
541
before a justice court, and the evidence being so strong against him,
he was bound over to the higher court to be holden at Exeter.
Evans, seeing his critical situation, made a partial confession, but
He acknowledged
his statements, in detail, were base falsehoods.
he knew where she was, but said she had been carried away by a
man
living in Kingston or vicinity.
statements to be
knew
all
false,
about the whereabouts of the
resort to stratagem to induce
accordingly
made Evans
harmless
he would
With
The
if
this assurance,
Sheriff soon found these
but he was more fully convinced that Evans
tell
to
him
to
girl,
make a
and he determined
true confession.
to
He
understand that he would save him
the truth where the girl could be found.
on Thursday, about midnight, six days after
her disappearance, he told the Sheriff he would go with him and
show where the girl was. Through this dark forest, at midnight,
they silently pursued their way, over rocks and decayed logs,
through swamps and glades, and there, in the recess of this deep
wood, beneath the roots of an upturned tree, this worse than criminal pointed to a pile of dried leaves, and coolly said " there she is ".
The Sheriff gently moved away the leaves and by the dim light
of his lantern were revealed the mutilated remains of Georgianna Lovering, who came to her end by deeds too revolting in
character to be recorded and too inhuman to be committed by any
person born and brought up beneath the shades of the granite hills
of New-Hampshire.
For this foul and bloody deed, worse than murder, Evans has
been convicted and sentenced to be hung, within the walls of the
State's Prison, the third Tuesday in February, 1874.
If Evans
lives, there is no doubt but the sentence will be executed.
�542
STATISTICAL TABLE.
TABLE
Showing
the
deceased,
Number
and
of Convicts in the P/'ison, committed, discharged, pardoned,
escaped, in each year, since the establishment of the Institution,
1812.
_•
�NEW-HAMPSHIRE STATE NORMAL SCHOOL.
543
The foregoing table reveals some curious facts for moralists to
who are continually advocating that the world is growing
more wicked instead of better.
At the commencement of the war in 1861, there were 119 convicts within the walls of the prison, and 42 commitments, the largIn 1865, at the close of
est number in one year up to that date.
the war, there were but 70 in prison and only nine commitments
for the year.
The next year (1866) the number of convicts had
increased to 111, and the commitments were 60, being 14 more
than ever were committed to prison in a single year. The largest
number ever in the prison at a single time was 135, in 1868 and
the same year 46 were committed. Since the latter date the number has been gradually diminishing, and in 1873 there were but
ponder,
;
88, with our cities constantly increasing in population.
One
of two things
is
evident
either our laws are executed with
;
and the county work-houses absorb the small criminals
or the mass of the people are growing better as the world grows
less rigor
;
wiser.
NEW-HAMPSHIRE STATE NORMAL SCHOOL.
Board of Instruction.
—Horatio 0.
Abbie H. Holton, Preceptress:
Ladd, A. M., Principal;
Wal-
Carrie E. Hall, William E.
ker, Assistants.
Board of Trustees.
ram
— George
Orcutt, A. M., Secretary,
Day, President, Dover
HiHon. Ezekiel A.
David G. Beede, Superintendent,
T.
West Lebanon
Straw, Governor, Manchester
Sandwich, with thirteen others.
;
;
;
M. AVhittier, Treasurer, Plymouth.
Terms begin February 25, and September 11, 1874.
Expenses. Board, $3 to $4 per week. Tuition, $8
C.
—
to
$10
per term.
.
Number of Graduates — Fall
1871, 9
;
Fall Term, 1872, 28
;
Term, 1871, 6
;
Spring Term,
Spring Term, 1873, 32; Fall Term,
1873, 26.
Establishment and Purposes of the School.
tion
was established by act of the Legislature,
to obtain a better training of teachers for the
in
—This
Institu-
June, A. D., 1870,
common
schools of
was located at Plymouth, and its first term of eight weeks
was held there during the spring of 1871, under the management
of Amos Hadley, A. M.
the State
;
�STATE REFORM SCHOOL.
514
Before the Fall term
H.
1871, Silas
Pearl, A. M.,
was elected
Principal, remaining in charge until his decease in August, 1873,
when the Trustees employed the present Principal.
Terms op Admission, and Course of Study.
— Candidates
—
must pass examination in the fundamental rules in arithmetic the
natural and political divisions of the earth, and the general geography of this State, in geography; and the first principles of grammar and analysis.
There are two courses of study the first including the common
—
English branches
;
Graduates of the
the second, the higher.
first
course are entitled to teach in this State, without further requisi-
and for the second course,
tions, for three years,
Location and Buildings.
— Plymouth
is
five years.
near the geographical
center of the State, at the confluence of Baker's River and the
Pemigewasset, on the line of the Boston, Concord and Montreal
Railroad, about
fifty
miles fro
>
Concord.
The
buildings are mod-
ern in style and convenience, the school buildings having cost nearly 6 20,000,
and the boarding house being situated just above
on one of the most beautiful
sites in
the village
— overlooking
it,
the
and with a fine view of the mountain region at
charming summer resort stands. See engrav-
valleys of both rivers
whose gateway
this
ing of building on page 306.
STATE REFORM SCHOOL.
— Hon.
David
Pres., Portsmouth
Hon. William P. Wheeler, Keene, Hon.
Daniel Clark, Sec, Manchester, D. C. Churchill, Esq., Lyme, Hon.
L. P. Cooper, Croydon, Edward Ingham, Sup't. and Treasurer.
The New-Hampshire State Reform School was chartered in 1855,
and one hundred acres of the Gen. John Stark farm, lying on the
east bank of the Merrimack River, in the city of Manchester, one
and one-half miles from the City Hall, was, the same year, purTrustees.
Gillis,
Daniel Marcv,
;
Esq., Nashua,
chased for
ten acres
its
more
cost of one
location, at a cost
land, from the
often thousand dollars
— to which
same farm, have been added,
at a
thousand dollars.
Buildings, suited to the design of the Institution, were immediately erected, at a cost of three thousand dollars, and, in 1858, it
was opened for the reception of " Juvenile and Female Offenders
against the laws," under the
title
which was subsequently changed
of
"The House
to its present
of Reformation
name.
",
�STATE REFORM SCHOOL.
545
To this date, Oct. 14, 1873, 742 children, including both sexes,
have been committed to its care, all of whom have been more or
less benefitted by being subjected to its restraints and discipline,
and a large proportion have come to be of average character with
other citizens of the State.
The
Institution
than penal, and
is
is
regarded and managed as reformatory rather
supported by an annual appropriation of six
thousand dollars from the State, which, with the amount collected
for the maintenance of the inmates
two dollars per week togeth-
—
er with their earnings,
amply
—
meet the ordinary expenses.
It has a fund of ten thousand dollars
bequeathed to it
before it had a being even
by a former citizen of Manchester, the
late James Mc'K. Wilkins, Esq., and also, of three thousand dollars, donated by Moody Kent, Esq., late of Pittsfield, both of
which are kept intact in principal.
The whole number in the school, during the year 1872, has been
is
sufficient to
—
—
139
number
of these, 17 have been discharged
10 have been honorably discharged by
the Trustees, for good conduct 5 have had homes found them by
the
;
received, 47
at expiration of sentence
;
;
;
the Superintendent, and 1 has been sent to his alternate sentence.
Five have escaped, leaving 101
in the school.
Average time of
detention of the children discharged, 2 years and 6 months.
Of the whole number 47 are Americans; 77 Irish 9 French
German 1 English 4 Mixed (African); and were committed
;
I
;
;
;
by Supreme Judicial Court, 31 Manchester Police Court, 41
Dover Police Court, 7 Concord Police Court, 7 Nashua Police
;
;
;
Court, 6; Portsmouth Police Court, 6
1
Farmington
;
Police Court, 1
;
Somersworth Police Court,
Great Falls Police Court, 1
;
;
Justices of the Peace, 38.
For the term of minority, 45
14
;
4 years, 8
;
3 years, 21
;
payment of fine and costs.
For the offence of stealing, 61
ing, 27
10
;
;
night walking, 1
truancy, 11
At
;
;
forgery,
12 years, 14
;
;
1
;
6 years, 3
;
4
;
;
5 years,
and
year, 25,
firing buildings,
stubbornness, 24
;
1
till
house break-
idleness or vagrancy,
1.
the age of 7 years, 3
II years, 12
7 years. 4
;
2 years, 18
;
;
8 years, 5
;
13 years, 14
26; 16 years, 22; 17 years, 1.
There is a chair shop attached
9 years, 11
;
;
10 years, 12
14 years, 19
to the school in
dren have earned, the past year, $6,222.26.
;
;
15 years,
which the
chil-
�546
RELIGION.
RELIGION.
The
constitution of
New-Hampshire guarantees
ual the right to worship
God according
to
every individ-
to the dictates of his
own
conscience, provided he does not disturb the 'public peace, nor dis-
In July 1819, the memorawas passed by the legislature of
New-Hampshire, which provides that no person shall be compelled
to join, or support, or be classed with, or associated to any church or
religious society, without his express consent first had been obtained,
and that any person may withdraw from a society of which he is a
member, by leaving a written notice with the clerk of the same.
turb others in their religious worship.
ble act called the toleration law,
The following
notes comprise accounts of all the principal de-
nominations found within the limits of our State.
ORTHODOX.
—
GWgregationalists. * The organization of the first CongreNew-Hampshire was in 1638, 18 years subse-
gational Church in
to the landing of the Pilgrim Fathers, at Plymouth.
It
an unsettled question whether the first church was that at
Exeter, of which the celebrated John Wheelwright was pastor, or
that at Hampton of which the Rev. Stephen Bachilor was pastor.
Both doubtless were formed in 1638 the latter in the fall of that
quent
is
—
year.
Settlements had previously been begun
mouth.
fit
Dover and
Ports-
In the former place, a meeting-house was erected as early
and William Leverich, " a worthy and able puritan minwas engaged as a preacher. To him succeeded one Burditt,
and then Hanserd Knollys, or Knowles. But a church was not
formed in Dover till 1639, and no pastor was regularly settled till
1642.
However it may be a question whether Wheelwright, of Exeter, or Bachilor of Hampton was first in the order of New-Hampshire pastors, it should be acknowledged that the oldest church
now in existence in the State, is that of Hampton, the first Exeter
church being dispersed on the removal of Wheelwright, about four
as 1633,
ister,"
years afterwards, to Wells, in Maine.
The only towns
in the prov-
ince in which ministers had been settled, previous to 1670, a half
century from the landing of Pilgrims, were Hampton, Exeter, and
Dover.
Of the seven
that had been pastors in those towns, only two
were then
in office, viz.,
Cotton, of
Hampton.
*
From
historical discourse
Samuel Dudley, of Exeter, and Seaborn
In 1671, a church was organized, and Rev.
by Rev. Nathaniel Boutou,
D. D.
�547
RELIGION".
Joshua Moody settled the same day, the first minister of Portsmouth, though he had preached there since 1658, and occasional
preaching had been enjoyed since 1G40.
The fifth church organized was at Dunstable, under the jurisdic-
now the
tion of Massachusetts,
coast, as
New
and Rye, had
made
first
church in Nashua, and a minis-
Subsequently other towns bordering on the sea
ter settled in 1685.
Newington, Stratham, Durham, Kingston
Thence, very gradually, settlements were
Castle,
ministers.
and ministers
Londonderry, (1719)
Pembroke, Hudson and
Keene. In the latter place, Rev. Jacob Bacon was settled in 1738,
a century after the settlements at Exeter and Hampton. He was
in the interior,
Concord,
(1730)
Chester,
settled in
Winchester,
the fifty-fifth, pastor in order, settled in the State.
But at the forma-
tion of the convention in 1747, there were only about thirty ministers living.
The
progress of settlements continued slow, extend-
ing into the interior,
averaging
till
after the revolutionary
only about four annually
in the
growth was more rapid.
The number of
whole State
;
war
but subsequently the
pastors living at different
periods in the history of the denomination
is
as follows:
In 1670,2; 1700,5; 1747,3); 1776,65; 1800,76; 1820, 90;
1847, 117.
In 1870, there were in the State 169 churches, and 169 church
capable of seating 67,951 persons, and valued at $ 1,150,
In 1860, there were 179 churches, capable of seating 70,45 1
edifices,
380.
persons,
and valued
at 6 637, 200.
This shows a
loss in ten
years of
ten churches, and an increase in valuation of church property of
over $ 500,000.
Baptists
first
—The
first
Baptist church in this State
— indeed,
the
north of Boston, was organized in Newton, Rockingham Coun-
ty, in 1755.
The members were separatists for " conscience's sake"
from the Congregational church and were the fruit of the " great
awakening" under Whitefield and others in 1740. Walter Powers
became pastor at its organization.
The first Baptist communicant known in the State was Rachel
Thurbur of Rehoboth, Massachusetts, who became Mrs. Scammon,
and moved to Stratham, 1720. It was the result of her labors that
Dr. Samuel Sheperd became connected with the denomination in
1770, under whose indefatigable labors the Brentwood church
and its branches were organized, in connection with which he lived
to introduce more than six hundred members.
�RELIGION.
548
before any Baptist church existed in this
Hanserd Knoll ys came to Dover and afterwards became
an eminent Baptist. Mr. Knollys was a graduate at Cambridge
College, England, and ordained by the Bishop of Peterborough in
Becoming afterwards a Puritan minister, he came to this
1629.
He organized the first Congregacountry, and to Dover in 1638.
More than a century
State,
tional church in Dover, being the second in the State.
In 1641, he
returned to England and organized a Baptist church in London,
where he remained
The number
9
;
1800, 26
;
his death in 1691.
till
of Baptist churches in this State in 1755, 1
1853, 96
1860, 92
;
;
and
in 1870, 102.
;
1780,
Church
or-
ganizations, ninety church edifices, capable of seating 31,935 persons, with
church property valued
at $
492,200
;
in 1860, its proper-
ty was only valued at $ 246,500.
—
Christians. Number of churches in 1850, 25; in 1860, there
were thirty-three churches and church edifices, capable of seating
in 1870
8,934 persons, with church property valued at $ 43,150
;
there were nineteen churches and church edifices, capable of seat-
ing 4,600, with church property valued at $ 42,400.
Episcopalians.
— This
denomination was among the
earliest es-
A church
was erected at Portsmouth prior
to 1638, and Rev. Richard Gibson was the first minister, who remained until 1642.
In 1860, there were seventeen church edifices, capable of holding
820, with church property valued at $112,700 in 1870 there were
twenty-one churches and twenty-two church edifices, capable of seattablished in the State.
;
ing 7,475, with church property valued at $ 203,800.
Freew ill
t
Baptists.
—The
firs:
church of
this
denomination in
New-Hampshire, was founded at New Durham, in 1780, by Elder
Benjamin Randall. This denomination was recognized as a distinct sect by an act of the legislature, December 7, 1804.
In 1860, there were ninety-seven church edifices, capable of seating 27,324 persons and church property, valued at $ 162,600 in
187Q, there were eighty-two churches and church edifices capable
;
;
of seating 19,900 persons, with church property, valued at $ 167,300.
—
Friends or Quakers. The Friends made their appearance in
New-Hampshire at a very early date, and at first suffered severe
persecution.
A society
was formed at Seabrook as early as 1701.
was 15 in I860, there were twelve
of seating 4,200 persons, with church propcapable
Number of churches,
church
edifices,
in 1850,
;
�RELIGION.
549
were thirteen church edi-
erty,
valued at $ 11,700;
fices,
capable of seating 4,585 persons, with church property valued
in 1870, there
at 815,500.
—
Methodists. In July 1791, Jesse Lee preached the first methsermon in New-Hampshire, at Portsmouth. On the 26th of August, of the same year, he preached in a private house in Greenland.
odist
Two weeks
after this time, he again preached in Portsmouth, stand-
ing upon the Court
House
He
steps.
also visited, the
same
year,
Eindge, Marlborough, Chesterfield, Dublin and some other towns.
In 1794, Joshua Hall was appointed to preach in New-Hampshire,
but the following year the appointment was withheld. On the first
of January, 1795, Mr. Lee again visited Portsmouth, and preached
to
an audience of four persons.
The
first
Methodist society in New-Hampshire was organized at
Chesterfield, in the latter part of 1795.
this
At
the Conference of 1796
members and became 'a regular
first stationed preacher, and reports
reported sixty-eight
Philip
Wager was
the
circuit.
his cir-
more than fifty miles square.
The New-Hampshire Conference was organized and held its
first session at Barre, Vermont, June 23, 1830.
The Vermont
Conference was separated from the New-Hampshire Conference in
1845.
The New-Hampshire Conference is divided into three districts, viz
Dover, Concord and Claremont districts. O. H. Jasper
Presiding Elder of Dover district; residence at Dover; S. G. Kellogg, Presiding Elder Concord district; residence at Tilton; M. T.
Cilly, Presiding Elder, Claremont district.
The New-Hampshire Conference Seminary, Tilton. (See Literary
cuit
:
Institutions.)
The number of members reported in the State, in 1798, was '122.
The Methodist were recognized by law as a distinct religious sect
June 15, 1807.
In 1850, there were 103 church
edifices,
capable of seating 32,600
persons, with church property valued at $175,500.
In 1860 there
were 117 church edifices, capable of seating 36,050 persons, with
church property valued at $232,200, and in 1870 there were 118
churches, and church edifices capable of seating 36,351 persons
with church property valued at $475,000.
Presbyterian.
— In 1850, the Presbyterian Regular church had
thirteen church edifices eapable
of seating 6,500
church property valued at $ 71,000
;
in 1860, there
persons,
with
were sixteen
"
�550
RELIGION.
church
edifices,
capable of seating
6,980 persons, with
church
property, valued at $ 83,462; in 1870, there were seven churches,
capable of seating 3,470 persons, with church property, valued at
$ 65,000.
Roman
Catholic.
This
religious
denomination has
made
rapid progress in this State in the past twenty years, both in
lowers,
number of churches and
two church
edifices,
;
1860, there were
in
capable of seating 7,600 persons, with
valued at $ 97,450
;
fol-
were
capable of seating 1,450 persons, with church
property valued at $ 20,000
edifices,
In 1850, there
wealth.
in 1870, there
twelve church
church property
were sixteen church
edifices,
capable of seating 9,950 persons, with church property valued at
8 267,500.
Shakers.
—New-Hampshire contains two
societies of those inter-
esting people, called Shakers or United Believers; one
Enfield, on the shores of
Masooma Lake,
is
located in
the other in Canterbury,
on a considerable elevation affording an extensive view of the sur-
rounding country.
These two
societies contain
about two hundred
members each.
The founders of the Shaker sect in America, were Ann Lee,
William Lee, and James Whittaker, who, with six others, emigrated
from England and landed in New- York, August 6, 1774. In 1782,
the leaders sent out two missionaries, viz. Ebenezer Cooley and
Israel Chauncy, who visited Hartland, Vermont, where resided one
Zadock Wright, a member of their church. He with Cooley and
Chauncy then journeyed to Enfield, and called upon one James
Jewett, arriving September 1, 1782.
The first Shaker meeting
ever held in New-Hampshire was holdon at the house of Asa
Pattee, about the above date.
at
Canterbury the same Fall.
This Shaker doctrine was preached
Although this society with others iu
the vicinity embraced their faith in the year 1782-'3, they did not
form a compact body or church until the year 1792, about ten
years after they
first
embraced the
faith.
In the beginning of the
year 1792, the members of the society adopted the order of a joint
union, and an equal interest
in all
they possessed, being governed
by no other spirit or influence than that which governed the primitive Christians at the
day of Pentecost.
Their church government
in
may
be called Episcopal, being vested
Bishops and Elders, after the form of the primitive church.
The
central or leading authority in this country devolves
upon a
�RELIGION.
551
succession of ministry or order of bishops residing alternately at
New-Lebanon and Watervliet, in the State of New-York. The
New-Hampshire are under the Episcopal jurisdiction
societies in
of a succession of ministry alternately resdiug at Canterbury and
Enfield.
We quote
a few extracts of their religious
faith.
First that the
composed of two great and fundamental essences, viz.
power and wisdom, or male and female principles. For proof of
Deity
is
they quote Rom. I. 20.
" That Christ has made not only his
this,
ing.
That these are both
ual manifestations
;
the
to
first
through
Ann
Through
Lee.
but his second appearspirit-
and through the mission of
seen in the same manifesta-
as seen in
Jesus of Nazareth, and the second as
tions
first,
be considered as emphatically
these two manifestations, they
recognize a spiritual parentage, or the father and mother of the
new
creation.
"
That the object of these two appearings of Christ, first in the
male, and secondly in the female was to make an end of sin, and
bring in everlasting righteousness to make an end of the world,
or order of the flesh perfected in the first Adam and Eve, that all
who would, might come into the order or dispensation of the new
—
;
creation,
through regeneration, or the spiritual parentage of the
Adam
and Eve. Through this agency tbey believe a new
heaven and a new earth are being instituted, as seen in their order.
Hence celibacy is rigidly and tenaciously observed, in every
second
instance.
"That the resurrection concerns the soul or spiritual body only,
and can have nothing to do with the natural.
In short the above leading points of doctrine would seem to indicate a foundation, with no borrowed material, since Christ, or the
declension of the primitive church.
As
in respect to their peculiar style of dress,
they were not
dis-
tinguished from other people in the early days of their organization,
nor would they be to-day only as they have retained the old style
of dress in puritan days, w hich everybody else has changed.
r
They have been noted
punctuality in
all their
for
many
years for their honesty, and
business transactions, and by
means of their
industry and frugal habits, they have accumulated a respectable
property, besides bestowing
While we are not a
much
for charitable purposes.
full believer in the
Shaker
faith,
nor in their
�552
RELIGION.
peculiar style of living, in every respect,
every day
life
still
which would be well worthy
in every phase of business
Second Advents.
to
there
much
is
in their
be imitated by people
life.
—This
peculiar sect of people believe that
the Bible fully states the time by mathematical demonstrations, the
consummation and destruction of all things on earth, and produce plenty of figures and facts which they obtain from the Bible
to prove their statements, and which no person can deny, but still
final
very few believe.
Up
to the present
time their calculations as to
destructions of the earth have not proved correct, but
faith
is
quite as strong, their zeal has not cooled,
believe that the day of their deliverance
In 1850, their were four church
is
edifices,
edifices,
edifices,
still
capable of seating 1100
in 1860, there
capable of seating 2,265 persons, with
church property valued at $ 7,600, and
church
their
near at hand.
persons with church property valued at $3,000;
were ten church
still
and they
in 1870, there
were twenty
capable of seating 4,400 persons, with church prop-
erty valued at $ 25,000.
—
Unitarian. This
and are
Christianity,
religious sect are
liberal
in their belief of
steadily increasing.
In 1850, there were thirteen church edifices, capable of seating
8,380 persons, with church property, valued at $72,800; in 1860,
there were fifteen church edifices, capable of seating 7,260 per-
church property valued at 1 125,800 and in 1870, there
were twenty-two church edifices, eapable of seating 7,830 persons,
with church property valued at $ 207,000.
sons, with
;
—
Universalists. The first society of this denomination was
formed at Portsmouth as early as 1781, and they were recognized
by law
as a distinct religious sect
June
13, 1805.
In 1850, there were thirty-eight church
edifices,
capable of seat-
ing 14,280 persons, with church property valued at $83,100;
in
1860, there were forty-two church edifices capable of seating 14,938
persons, with church property, valued at $112,550;
and
in
1870,
there were twenty-three church edifices, capable of seating 8,800
persons, with church property valued at $ 154,200.
Union Church.
—There were sixteen Union churches
in
1870
in
various sections of the State, and are formed in communities where
there are not enough persons to form a church of their
own
relig-
ious faith but join with others for the purpose of sustaining the
gospel.
�553
RELIGION.
There is also one local Mission school and one
(Swedenborgian) church located in the State.
New
Jerusalem,
TABULAR STATEMENT,
Showing
total
number of Religious Denominations in New -Hampshire.
COUNTIES.
�REVIEW OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE.
554
GENERAL VIEW OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE.
CHAPTER
A
brief review of the State,
river scenery, geology
and rivers
;
ita
climate,
its
VII.
grand mountain, ocean, lake and
and mineralogy, a description
a brief account of the aboriginals of
Hampshire compared with the Western States
;
A
of
its
mountains, lakes
NewNew-Hampshire
Poem on New-Hampshire,
;
etc.
REVIEW OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE.
The last period in the history of New-Hampshire, it might be said,
commenced at or near 1840, or thirty-three years ago.
December 23, 1838, the first regular train of cars that ever ran
into New-Hampshire, for public business, came from Boston through
Lowell to Nashua, and, from that date commenced anew history in
the business and prosperity of the State
oldest States in the
in
every section, have been nearly as
The
States.
which
By
v.
six
Although it is one of the
and population
great as in any of her sister
Union, the changes
miles of railroad to
as operated
till
in business
Nashua was the only
line
after 1840.
the foregoing statement, in connection with other important
facts, it
might be well enough
to take a retrospective view, in brief,
of the standing of the State relative to
its
industries,
and every-
thing pertaining to a civilized and prosperous people in 1810, and
1850, compared with the present time.
In 1840, New-Hampshire contained a population of 284,574
in
Portsmouth, in 1840, was the largest town in the
;
1870, 318,320.
State,
Dover was the next
in size, 6,558;
then followed
Nashua
Somersworth, 3,383 and the town of
Manchester, 3,335 inhabitants, and employing in her trade and
manufactories 1,052 persons.
Manchester is now a large city of
with 6,054; Concord, 4,897;
;
30,000 people, and employs in her various industries over 12,000
�REVIEW OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE.
555
persons, with five lines of railway diverging from her depot to all
sections of the State
and country.
In 1840, there were but six miles of finished railroad in the State.
There are now over 890 miles of railway track stretching through
two thirds of the towns
in the State,
Mount Washington amid
and up the towering summit of
There is now one mile of
the clouds.
railroad track to every 400 persons in the State, while in
Europe
These railroads have been
built at an expense of not less than $ 32,000,000.
Thirty years ago
the electric fluid flashed its deadly shaft through the air, unguid-
there
is
only one mile to every 7,500.
ed by man, like the dreaded missiles hurled from the cannon's
over the
field
To day
of battle.
it
mouth
harmlessly flashes over 2,000
miles of wire, conveying messages of peace instead of destruction and
death.
In 1840, our cotton manufactories annually produced goods
to the value of $ 4,142,000
now they produce over $
;
30,000,000.
In 1840, the value of woolen goods produced was $ 795,000 to day
in 1840, less than 500,000 pairs of sale boots
it is over $9,000,000
;
;
and shoes were made
;
to-day, over 8,000,000 pairs are manufactur-
In 1840, there were
ed.
less
than 12,000 persons employed in
all
the manufactories in the State, and annually producing goods to the
value of about $ 13,000,000; to-day over 46,000 persons are employed,
and producing goods
to the value of over $ 95,000,000.
In 1840,
the 78,000 persons engaged in farming respectively received for agricultural productions $ 320
;
in 1870, the 46,573 inhabitants en-
gaged in the same business receive $ 483 each for the same labor.
Twenty- four years ago, there was deposited in the ten savings
banks in the State, $1,564,000, owned by 12,082 depositors, now
(1873) there are deposited in the sixty-one savings banks, $29,671,
In 1850, there were twenty
000, and owned by 94,967 depositors.
newspapers, with an annual issue of 1,024,424 copies;
in 1873,
there were 62 papers, with an issue of 7,237,588 copies.
In 1850,
there were no regular daily papers in the State
;
in 1870, there
were
seven, with a daily circulation of 6,100, or an annual issue of
1,
In 1850, the value of church property in the
In 1850, there were
State was $ 1,561,610— in 1870, $ 3,303,780.
$ 221,146, annually appropriated for public schools in 1870, $ 574
900,000 copies.
;
In 1850, the true valuation of personal property and real
in 1870 it was valued at nearly
estate was $ 103,652,835
898.
;
$ 250,000,000.
Like the railway speed of travel,
all
branches of industry for the
�CLIMATE OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE.
556
past thirty years in New-Hampshire, have increased at the same
But with our natural facilities for every department of induswhich are not equaled by any State in the Union, with our fine
water power, excellent market for agricultural products, the best
rate.
try,
commercial harbor
mountain scenery
ally
make
in the country,
and the grandest
its
cities,
money thus
and
have been
tales of west-
with paper corner
together with inducements held out to invest
railroad bonds
to
The fairy
present value.
ern farming, and adventures in western
lots,
ought
their visits the wealth of the State
8 100,000,000 in excess of
river, lake
with over 30,000 tourists who annu-
in the world,
money
in western
at the inflated usurious rates of ten per cent, for
invested,
when
the road could not pay
ning expenses, have been the greatest injuries as
more than run-
to the prosperity of
There is no doubt but the lessons so dearly
New-Hampshire.
bought by many persons in this State, will be of lasting benefit to
the generation to come, both to their happiness and wealth.
CLIMATE OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE.
Like
shire
is
all
other
New-England
States, the climate of
New-Hamp-
exceedingly various as to heat and cold, and attended with
sudden changes.
.
The extreme varation
of temperature
is
from twenty
to thirty de-
grees below zero, to ninety-eight or one hundred above, but these
extremes do not often occur.
The
extensive ice-bergs in the north-
ern sea, together with the various currents of air cause cool breezes
and in the summer the
and upon the heavy
Thunforests create a moisture which produces frequent showers.
der showers are frequent through the hottest portion of the season,
but never as violent as in the Western or Southern States, and
seldom attended with high winds. Whirlwinds and tornadoes are
to pass over the hills
and through the
valleys,
hot rays of the sun, on these cool currents of
very rare, yet not unknown.
pee,
A
New London and Warner,
ever known
air,
whirlwind that passed over BunaSept. 9, 1821,
in this section of the country.
was the most severe
The
lofty elevations in
various sections of the State break the clouds so that
it is
Dearly
impossible for long sweeps of wind, as on the prairies in the West.
Summej- showers are also broken by the high hills and mountains,
and move through the valleys between the mountains. Very often
�CLIMATE OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE.
557
there will be a heavy shower on one side of a mountain, while a
few miles distant, on the other
thunder,
is
side,
within hearing of the rumbling
Owing
bright sunshine.
breaking up
to the continual
of the clouds through the summer, showers are frequent, and the
ground
is
seldom parched by continuous droughts, or saturated
Storms on the eastern and southern
with protracted rain storms.
slope of
New-Hampshire usually come from the
in the Connecticut valley,
north-east, while
which runs nearly north and south, the
storms are oftener from the south-east.
continues four days, and they are oftener
storm that
It is a long
Owing
less.
to the
many
and mountains, the streams rise rapidly, but their usually high
banks generally keep the water within the channel of the streams,
and there are no such devastating floods as occur in the West or
hills
South, neither are the storms, on an average, more than two thirds
as long.
The amount of rain falling, one year with another, generally
more than five or six inches. Within the past fifteen
varies not
was 27$ inches, in 1859;
was 46& inches, in 1863. The extreme hot clays
are usually followed by cool nights, and, within a few days, by re-
years, the smallest quantity of rain falling
and the
largest
freshing showers.
The warm rays of the
sun, followed by fine
irrigating showers, cause the various productions
common
to this
climate to ripen in from sixty to one hundred and twenty days from
the time that the seed
is
put into the ground.
The season
for
planting varies in different sections of the State from ten to twenty
Merrimack
County and the northwinds usually blow from the
days, the earliest being in the southern valleys of the
and Connecticut
rivers, the latest in Carroll
ern portion of the State.
west and north-west.
storms
;
The
fair
eastern and north-eastern winds denote
tended storms
blast all
The
Southern winds indicate short,
;
more
warm
cool
rain
and ex-
but our lofty mountains, frequently, in a dry time,
human
calculations as to rain.
of snow
is not as even from year to year as rain, varying
from one third to one half. In 1858, the amount of snow falling
through the year was four feet and nine inches in 1859, there fell
eight feet and one inch; in 1871, the snow fall was only four feet
fall
;
and nine inches
inches.
;
while, in 1872, there were seven feet
Then again
:
snow
surface of the ground as rain
and eight
not so evenly distributed over the
is
;
falling
much
deeper on the height
of land which separates the basins of the large rivers, and in that
�CLIMATE OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE.
558
White Mountains.
section of the State north of the
It does not
necessarily follow that the falling of large quantities of
snow pro-
duces the best and largest amount of sleighing through the winter.
From the first to the middle of January, there is generally a mode-
by the name of the " January
Thaw." This mild weather frequently produces rain which carries
away all the snow, breaks up the ice in the large streams, and
sometimes produces devastating floods by the ice damming the
streams and flowing the water back over the country. If the snow
ration in the weather, which goes
escapes this rain-thaw, there
but, if otherwise, there
sun runs so high
it is
is
is
generally a fine winter for sleighing;
but
snow
little
soon melted away.
in succession, of the best quality,
March and then
till
the
Sleighing for two months
frequently on less than eight
is
inches of snow, but good lumber sledding requires larger quantities
to
make
it
a successful business.
Sleighing in northern
four months
;
New-Hampshire frequently continues over
in the central part of the State,
about three months
while ten miles south of the city of Manchester there
is
seldom over
and oftener less. Livery stable keepers in Manchester,
frequently, for four weeks in succession, if their team is going five
sixty days,
or ten miles south of the city, harness their horse into a wagon,
while
is
if
they are going north, east or west any distance, a sleigh
provided.
Many
people in the Southern States have the im-
pression that the deep snows of
prosperity.
Deep snows
New-Hampshire
generally large crops follow deep winter snows.
State consider
it
are a barrier to
the farmer's
are called
its
and
fertilizer,
The people of this
a calamity to have a winter without sleighing.
Aside from cars, the sled and sleigh with sufficient snow are the
On a
best and pleasantest mode of conveyance ever invented.
clear, cool winter day, with good sleighing, together with a fine
horse and sleigh, with sufficient robes to keep warm, gliding over
the glistening snow at a ten mile gait,
ride through six inches of Southern
is
mud
far preferable to a carriage
in
mid
winter, at the rate
of one mile an hour, as the writer fully knows by experience.
The deepest snows fall with a north-east wind, while snow commencing with a southern wind usually changes to rain. Frequently
it
will rain
snow
;
four hours,
time,
in the valleys, while
also, in the
snow
and
will
on the higher elevations
southern section of the State,
in the vicinity of the
fall
to
it
it
will
will rain twenty-
White Mountains
the depth of fifteen inches.
at the
One
same
foot of
�CLIMATE OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE.
559
snow, when melted, on an average, produces one inch of water.
In 1872, rain fell on 88 days, and suow 32 days. In this state-
ment
it
must be considered that many days were
fair with the ex-
ception of a pleasant shower, while on the other hand, there have
been cloudy days but no rain. Over two thirds of the days in the
year the sun can be seen some part of the day. There are, frequently,
heavy fogs on the streams in August and September,
morning, which are followed by a
fair day, the fog
in the
being dispersed
by the sun by nine or ten o'clock in the forenoon.
Our most pleasant months are June, September and October.
Often the first two, and not unfrequently the first three weeks in
September, are, however, very warm. From the 20th of September to the 20th of October, the weather
is
delightful.
The temper-
and the sky singularly bright and
beautiful.
This is the period denominated the Indian summer.
Some persons think June to be a more pleasant month than either
September or October. In June, there are usually a few days of
ature
is
mild, the air
intense heat.
In
is
sweet,
other respects, except the brilliancy and beau-
all
month must be confessed to have the superiThe progress of vegetation is wonderful and
it seems as if the creative hand was, in a literal sense, renewing
its original plastic efforts, to adorn the world with richness and
splendor.
All things are alive and gay. " The little hills rejoice
on every side. The pastures are clothed with flocks. The valleys
ty of the heavens, this
ority over all others.
;
are also covered with corn, and shout for joy."
same time
chilled by
The
prevails in a peculiar degree..
easterly winds,
winter months,
when
Health at the
The spring
is
and rendered uncomfortable by
the earth
is
clad with
its
often
rains.
mautle of snow
the season for relaxation and pleasure.
Then come the evening parties for the old, the dance for the young, and the merry
sleigh rides for all, which no one knows how to appreciate unless
he has lived mid the saow-capt hills of New-England.
We are indebted to the Hon. William L. Foster of Concord for
is
the following meteorological observations for the year 1872, and
statements relative thereto.
THE WEATHER OF THE YEAR 1872
has been, upon the whole, considerably warmer than the average
temperature, of the last 17 years.
The mercury
rose above 90° sixteen times, four times in June,
�CLIMATE OF NEW- HAMPSHIRE.
560
The warmwhen the mean temThe highest temperature was June 21, 98°.
seven in July, four in August, and once in September.
est
days in the year were June 30 and July
perature was 84?°.
The mercury
fell
below zero on 23 days, once
times in February, four times in
ber.
The
coldest
—
1,
day
in the
in
January, seven
March and eleven times in Decemyear was March 5, when the mean
—
The lowest temperature was Dec. 25, 20°.
Rain has fallen on §8 days, snow on 33 days.
The whole amount of rain is 37.17 inches, being 2.95 inches
more than the average rain-fall of 1871, and 3.58 inches more than
temperature was
9°.
the annual rain-fall in the last 17 years.
The following
inches
;
combined, in
as the
amount of snow in feet and
and hundredths and rain and melted snow
inches and hundredths (estimating one inch of water
table indicates the
rain in inches
;
product of one foot of snow), during the
last
16 years.
�SCENERY IN NEW-HAMPSHIRE.
inches
fell in
March and 10
ing after February
is
561
The average quantity
in April.
fall-
18 inches.
Sleighing began Nov. 29, and has been uninterrupted.
The whole quantity of
rain this winter (since Dec. 1)
is
2.95
an inch more than the average quantity
during the winter months.
The coldest day this winter was Dec. 25, when the mercury was,
inches, being about half
min. 20° max. 8°
mean 6°.
The coldest morning and lowest temperature was Jan. 30, 26°.
The warmest day of the winter was Jan. 4, when the mercury
recorded, min. 31° max. 44° mean 37J Q
The highest temperature recorded during the winter was Feb.
.
17, 50°.
Range of temperature during the
winter, 76°.
SCENERY IN NEW-HAMPSHIRE.
There
is
no doubt but the scenery of New- Hampshire
is
more
varied and beautiful than can be found in any other State in the
Union.
The ocean scenery along her narrow
miles,
is
coast of less than eighteen
pronounced the grandest on the western Atlantic shore.
The Hon. Edmund Burke, of Newport, when
in Congress,
than thirty years ago, while in debate, in defending
more
New-Hamp-
an attack from a southern member of Congress,
speaking of her natural scenery, blended with civilization, well and
shire against
eloquently said
hills.
She
is
:
"New-Hampshire
is
among the
Her mountains point
indeed throned
the Switzerland of America.
high up among the clouds, where eagles take their
unrestrained the freedom of the skies.
She
is
flight
and enjoy
a land
Of mountain and of flood,
Of green heath and shaggy wood.
Her
cloud-capt hills, even in mid-summer, glisten with the frosts
and snows of winter. The terrific avalanche springs from her summits and thunders down their sides.
But she is a land of crystal
streams, of glassy lakes, embosomed among her hills, and of beautiful valleys and meadows, dotted with neat and pretty villages,
teeming with fertility, the hum of industry and all the evidences of
wealth and prosperity. She has more of those noble temples of
�SCENERY IN NEW-HAMPSHIRE.
562
liberty,
more of
common schools, more village spires pointing to Heaven, and
the monuments which mark a high and advanced state of
civilization
than any other State of this Union, with, perhaps, one
If she
or two exceptions.
for her
advancement
is
indebted to any cause under
in prosperity, wealth
her lofty mountains, and her beautiful and
Our description of the mountains
Whose snowy
Among
in
and
Heaven
civilization, it is to
fertile valleys."
New-Hampshire,
tops
the clouds are towering high,
And seem to meet
Amid the starry
the heavens
sky
Her hundred
glassy lakes, and
Like brilliant diamonds
Set in emerald green,
Add beauty
To her mountain scene
And her sparkling, winding rivers,
That feed her glassy lakes,
Or meet the briny ocean's tide,
Are like the golden chains
Which hold the diamond to the maiden's
They stretching back their silver arms,
Clasp them to the mountain crests
Are
breast;
the sequel to the beautiful scenery to be found in almost ev-
ery section of the State, and with the exception of a few remarks
made by Dr. Moses
F. Morrison on
New-Hampshire
bearing upon industry and civilization, will be
its
tion given of
its
all
scenery,
grand ocean, mountain, lake and river scenery.
In many respects the White and Green mouutain ranges
perhaps from
and
the descrip-
all others in the
known
differ
They are purely of
thrown up through the tran-
world.
primitive origin, while most others are
secondary or tertiary strata.
We have not even the organic
remains of the transition period, and hence the search for coal,
which is now known to be in every instance vegetable matter, acted
sition,
upon by the united agency of heat and pressure, is equally futile
and hopeless. But primitive rocks contain the most valuable ores,
and in our instance their surface is covered almost to the summits
of our highest mountains with a productive soil and with a beauti-
The world produces not a spot where the
more pure, the water more clear and limpid, and the scenery
more wild and beautiful, where the human foot can move with
more boldness and less danger. The wolf and lammermuir of the
fully varied vegetation.
air
is
�SCENERY IN NEW-HAMPSHIRE.
563
Alps, the tiger and condor of the Andes, the cougUr and rattlesnake of the Alleganiea are not here. The associations of childhood and youth become a part of our being, and it is only when
they are disruptured by transition, that we realize their existence.
Place a mountaineer upon the
ry of his youth
prairies,
and he longs
for the scene-
he returns to behold with rapture the beauties
;
of landscape which before he had passed with careless indifference.
We have passed the magnificient gorge of the White Hills, and
viewed with enthusiasm the wild sublimity around us. We have
entered the defile of Francouia, and beheld with astonishment and
Man of the Mountain and his wild domain.
have scaled the summit of Mount Washington, and at one time
beheld the thunder cloud, hundreds of feet below us, the lightning
admiration the Old
We
and a brilliant sun irradiating the sky.
summit the valley of the Connecticut
spread out like a map before us; the rays of ight, reflected by a
dark cloud that hung upon the Green Mountains, brought into displaying over
surface,
its
Again we viewed from
tinct
its
view the streams, the cottages, the
fields,
the villages, the
and valleys, the waving forests and vast amphitheatre of
mountains supporting the blue vault around and above us
we
felt that the beautiful and sublime were here mingled upon a scale
never to be surpassed, and hallowed by a thousand associated ideas
of fond remembrances never to be forgotten.
We have stood on the shores of the ocean and contemplated the
vast and almost illimitable world of waters before us, and viewed
in imagination the innumerable ships and vast navies that float upon
her bosom. We have sailed upon the waters of Ontario, when the
departing sunbeams cast their gorgeous shades of green and gold
hills
;
over
its
surface
— transcendently
beautiful
splendid drapery of the imagination.
—
far
beyond the most
Finally, descending into the
awful chasm of Niagara, we have approached in a
tremendous cataract of the Western
rolling surges of
its
abyss,
seas,
we were warned
until
frail
boat the
repelled
by the
that nearer approxima-
might be death. No person can describe the sublimity of this
its grandeur is overwhelming, and the vast display of magnificence and power presented at a single glance to our view shows
tion
scene
—
how puny
of God.
are the efforts of man compared with the omnipotence
But with the ocean, with the lake and with the cataract
were associated
in
our minds the ideas of loneliness, of solitude
most of desolation.
We
longed for the early visions of
—
life,
al-
for
�GEOLOGY OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE.
564
that play of fight and shade upon the mountain scenery of our na-
We
had learned that the impress of external objects
upon the heart and shaped the
visions of ideality in the brain; and that the cultivation of the intellectual faculties of the mind and the physical energies of the
body alone were wanting to make us the happiest of the free.
And now permit us to ask, where shall we find a soil more productive, with a climate equally salubrious? where shall we breathe
an atmosphere more invigorating, or drink of fountains more pure ?
where shall we behold scenery more sublime, beautiful and good,
tive hind.
had stamped
their seal of loveliness
surrounded with
less evils or
moral and physical
evils
exposed to fewer dangers
we do
—
suffer,
?
Of
the
few are consequent upon
—
some are contingent but many are created by our vices
and perpetuated by our ignorance.
We constantly violate the
and shall we complain that the degeneracy
laws of organic life
of the species and the ill health and early dissolution of the individual should be the consequence? or shall we value less the numberless blessings which surround us because the harmony of the
locality
;
intellectual with the physical world
is
comparatively unknown?
GEOLOGY OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE.
No
portion of the
American
continent, except the Laurentian
Hills of Canada, exhibits a more ancient surface of dry land than
New-Hampshire.
nitic,
The
face of the entire State
is
essentially gra-
the only exceptions being the patches of limestone and clay
slate lying along the
The
upper part of the Connecticut river valley.
New-Hampshire
of the Rocky Mountains.
surface of
State east
more uneven than any other
is
A large portion of
its
northern
and upwards above the
ocean level. The primitive rock underlying the whole region has
a remarkable induration, having taken its form, coherence and
hardness at a period antedating the introduction of life upon the
globe, or, at least, at so early a period that subsequent exposure and
internal changes have obliterated nearly every trace of organized
counties has an elevation of a thousand feet
existence.
This extreme hardness of the rocks has so far resisted
the abrading action of the waters in the river-beds that the streams
of New-Hampshire abound with
a vast amount of water power.
falls
and
rapids,
and hence
afford
�GEOLOGY OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE.
565
In a large portion of the territory of the United States, nearly
every square mile abounds with marine and vegetable
fossils.
Hampshire shows
life
less
of these remains of organized
With
other State of the Union.
the exception of a few obscure
traces of the Silurian age at Littleton
have ever been found within the
The
New-
than any
and Shelburne, no
fossils
limits of this State.
is strongly marked by the effects of the
That great flood of waters swept over the entire region, except the summit of Mt. Washington.
The comparative
nakedness or denudation of the ledges on the nortnern side of our
hills, is an evidence of the force and depth of the vast current
which for ages drifted, in a nearly southward direction, over the
State.
A still more impressive testimony is the immense quantity
of bowlders strewn over every township by these uorthern currents,
and which vary in size from a small pebble to those of a thousand
surface of the State
Drift epoch.
Rounded masses of
tons' weight.
ter,
like
granite, often ten feet in diame-
upon the tops of the highest hills. In some towns,
Hillsborough, Washington, Stoddard and Sunapee, they are
were
left
so thickly strown as to cover, on
of the surface.
Many
many
farms, a considerable portion
of the ledges upon the highlands are
by furrows and scratches made by the
marked
drifting bowlders of that
Often the rocks found from fifty to one hundred feet beperiod.
low the surface are well-rounded bowlders.
For a long geological period the surface of this State must have
had a widely different configuration from that of to-day.
The
Northern railroad, in its route from Concord to Lebanon, crosses
the height of land between the Merrimack and Connecticut rivers
in the
worn
At
town of Orange.
than eight hundred
feet
in the solid granite,
One
the point of greatest altitude,
above the bed of these
more
rivers, are pot holes
having a depth of from oue
to
nearly
them is eleven feet deep with a diameter of
The stream which
four feet at the top and two feet at the bottom.
formed them must have been large and swift, and have flowed for a
four yards.
long time.
of
Similar holes in the solid gneiss are found at the Sun-
apee summit, in Newbury, near the track of the Sugar River
rail-
road.
ITS
EFFECTS ON CIVILIZATION.
The geological character
tility
of a country largely determines
shire are granitic
— those
its
fer-
The rocks of New-Hampof Vermont are calcareous. The decompo-
and the occupations of
its
people.
�GEOLOGY OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE.
56G
sition of the
one gives a light, sandy surface
heavy, productive
soil.
Hence the
— of the
fertility
other, a rich,
of Vermont, and the
according to the census of 1870, she largely leads NewHampshire in every department of agricultural production.
The valley of the Connecticut is often mentioned as the garden of
Its fertility greatly surpasses that of the Merrimack.
this State.
The alluvial deposit of limestone, worn from the scattered ledges
fact that,
along the eastern border of the Connecticut valley has contributed
largely to the productive capacity of the towns along the borders
of that river, and given to Colebrook, Lancaster, Haverhill, Lebanon and Walpole, an agricultural importance above Boscawen,
Manchester, Nashua, and the other towns bordering on the Merrimack.
But the granite ledges of the Merrimack valley amply compensate for the thin soil of that region.
In a purely limestone coun-
have worn their channels to a great depth, and
whatever falls there may have been are graded down to a plane of
descent so extended and uniform as to make any available waterpower an impossibility.
The banks are also yielding and unreliable for dams.
On the other hand, granite and gneiss have not only
try the streams
New-Hampshire crop out
hardness, but in
in
irregular
ledges,
with their lines of stratification at right angles to the courses of
our rapidly-sloping rivers. These out-cropping ridges of the strata
running across the streams, produce pitches and sudden descents,
which, according to the steepness and volume of water, take the
falls or cataracts.
The water powers of the Merrimack, Winnipisaukee, Contoocook, Suncook, and Cocheco are referable to this origin.
With the adjoining banks and river-bottoms
form of rapids,
dams can be
of granite,
currents and the
built proof against the corrosion of under-
momentum
of freshets.
SURFACE ASPECT OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE.
The southern half
nipisaukee
of this State— that portion below
Lake Win-
— has a degree of unevenness above the undulating
and
which Thoreau has given the name of
summits have a marked altitude and celebrity
below the mountainous,
" hilliness."
Two
to
—
Monadnock and Kearsarge. Both attract a large number of summer visitors, and afford a magnificent view of the central portion
of
New
England.
The northern part of New-Hampshire has a mountain scenery
�MINERALS OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE.
which
567
for half a century has received the constantly increasing at-
and tourists. The passage of the Saco through
White Mountains forms a gorge equal in depth and abrupt-
tention of scientists
the
ness to the canons of California
Mountain, and Dixville Notches
per's Ferry, the only
;
are,
while the Franconia, White
with the exception of Har-
mountain passes of surpassing grandeur
east
of the Rocky Mountains.
The
beautiful scenery, healthy air, and pure waters of the north-
ern section of this State, will always attract thousands of visitors,
during the summer season,
MINERALS OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE.
Though New-Hampshire
is
destitute of fossils,
and nearly want-
ing in that class of calcareous minerals whose varied form of crys-
and coloring give them an important place in mineraland of silicious minerals this
State has a large and varied family, specimens of which are to be
found in public and private collections throughout the country.
First, we will designate those which are valuable for their utility
talization
ogical collections, yet of the ores
rather than their rarity.
Granite, the prevailing
rock, furnishes excellent quarries in
The increased facilities for transportathem very valuable. The oldest and best
every section of the State.
tion
have made some of
known
Concord, two miles north of the State
Those of Marlboro, Fitzwilliam and Troy, on the Cheshire
The quarries at
railroad, are equally valuable and accessible.
Mason, Milford, Hooksett and Rumney, are located near railroads,
and are extensively worked. Those of Sunapee, Lisbon and New
quarries are at
House.
London
are of superior quality, but are not so convenient for trans-
portation as to be largely quarried.
ries
Altogether, the granite quar-
of the State are an important element of industry, employing
some twelve hundred men.
Steatite, or soapstone, is a valuable material for certain purThere are three quarries in the State at Francestown, Orposes.
The Francestown ledge was discovered in
ford and Canterbury.
1794, and has been worked ever since. It is the most valuable
soapstone quarry in the United States, and its products are very extensively used for stoves, sinks, wash and bath tubs, moulding taIt employs one hundred hands.
bles, and a variety of other uses.
—
�MINERALS OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE.
568
Mica, one of the component parts of
granite,
is
rarely found in
transparent sheets of sufficient size to be of commercial value.
Quarries have been worked at Grafton, Alstead and Acworth.
last are exhausted, but the Grafton quarry is still valua-
The two
ble, yielding
The best
makes it valu-
twenty-five tons of sheet mica annually.
quality brings ten dollars per pound.
Its elasticity
able for lights where glass cannot be used.
Felspar, another of the component parts of
granite,
is
found in
large masses, at times semi-crystalized, at Grafton, Acworth, Alstead and Manchester.
At Grafton and Acworth
fine
specimens
of albite are found, and at Manchester the flesh-colored variety.
It
is
used in the manufacture of porcelain and artificial teeth.
Clay Slate
quarries have been opened in Littleton, Lebanon,
Dalton, Unity, Piermont and Claremont, but none of them have
The one at Lebanon is extensive,
proved remunerative.
but too soft and brittle to furnish a good material for roofing or
yet
paving.
Limestone deposits are found in Haverhill, Lisbou, Columbia,
Lyme, Orford and Cornish. At East Haverhill and East Lisbon
lime
is
manufactured, annually, in sufficient quantities to supply
the vicinity.
Graphite
occurs in abundance in Nelson, Goshen,
and Antrim.
In the
first
named
locality
it is
Campton
ground and sent
to
the Boston market.
Of
the ornamental minerals found in New-Hampshire, the
fol-
lowing occur more frequently.
Quartz crystals are found in North Benton and East Campton.
From both of these localities many beautiful specimens have been
obtained for cabinets, but, though not exhausted they are
much more
cured with
Beryl
is
found in Grafton, Orange, Acworth and
but good specimens cannot
blasting.
The
now
se-
labor than formerly.
New London,
now be obtained without
considerable
have been obtained
Grafton and
best specimens
in
Acworth.
Garnets occur in Lisbon, "Warren, Springfield and Hanover.
At Lisbon they are found in great quantities in the pastures around
Mink pond. At Warren some of the specimens are very rtire, and
are of the cinnamon variety. At Springfield they are abundant,
with perfect faces, but of common quality. There are exhausted
localities at
North Haverhill and Amherst.
�METALS AND ORES.
Epidote, massive and
and Warren.
Tourmaline
found
is
569
Ore
in crystals, occurs at
in
Hill, Lisbon
Piermont, Springfield and Orford.
It
imbedded in milk quartz, and great care is needed to save tbe
crystals from fracture.
Staurotides, single and double crystals, occur in very great
abundance at Mink pond, Lisbon.
Tremolite, of a wbite and finely radiated variety, is abundant
is
at
Warren.
THE METALS AND
Gold,
minute
in
particles,
was
first
1854, at Plainfield, and soon after at
1864
it
was found
in
Lyman, and
was much excitement
ORES.
discovered in this State in
Lebanon and Hanover.
In
There
the next year in Lisbon.
in both of these towns, for several years fol-
lowing, attended with considerable expense in excavations and the
erection of a large crushing mill.
The gold
Lyman,
At
four miles from Lisbon village.
is
of fine quality, and
The
some $12,000 worth have been extracted.
best mines are in
intervals, the
working
of these mines has ceased, but, at this time (Oct. 1873,) two of them
are being developed with a yield of moderate profit.
Silver
if
is
found in the lead ores of Madison and Shelburne, and
it would warrant the extraction of the
the galena was abundant,
silver.
Galena
so largely
occurs in Madison in considerable quantities but it is
mixed with the ores of zinc and copper that the working
;
of these mines has been abandoned.
Zinc ores are found
The former
in great
abundance
at
Madison and Warren.
affords fine specimens of yellow blende, or thesulphuret
of zinc; and the latter of black blende, or the oxide of zinc.
them is worked at the present time.
Copper. The sulphuret of copper is found
Nei-
ther of
this State.
and Unity
Lyman, Bath,
Iron
ore
many towns of
Warren, Croydon,
in
afford fine specimens of this kind of ore.
these localities have been
unfavorable
Littleton, Dalton,
more or
less
worked, but, as
Most of
yet,
with
results.
is
found at ore Hill, Lisbon, Piermont, Bartlett, Tam-
worth, and Littleton in considerable quantities.
At Lisbon
the
�MOUNTAINS IN NEW-HAMPSHIRE.
570
vein
is
began
the granular, magnetic oxide of iron.
men were employed, and 500
tons
quality, were annually produced.
ed,
It
For many
of pig and bar
be worked as early as 1805.
to
Of late
is
very
rich,
and
years, twenty-five
of the best
iron,
years the work has ceas-
from the increased depth of the vein, and the greater cost of
fuel.
In the north part of Bartlett, and east of Rocky Branch River,
occurs the most extensive deposit of workable iron ever found in
New-Hampshire.
Fifty tons of this ore has been sent to one of the best iron and
steel
manufactories in England, and they pronounced
quality, especially for the
manufacturing of
it
of the best
steel.
The Portland and Ogdensburg Railroad, which extends through
Bartlett, will pass within three miles of these
and a branch can be
easily built
mountains of iron,
up Rocky Branch, near
to these
valuable mines.
Tin
is
found
tin mine, but, as
Manganese
Hinsdale.
Jackson, but the vein
in
quantity small.
very narrow and the
to
develop this
found in Littleton, Gilmanton, Winchester and
is
It occurs in the
Molybdenum
is
Over S 4,000 have been expended
yet, no favorable report.
is
form of the black oxide.
found in comparative abundance in Westmore-
land and Newport.
MOUNTAINS IN NEW-HAMPSHIRE.
The Mountains
in
New-Hampshire are noted
for their lofty ele-
vation and the wild and romantic scenery obtained from their summits.
In this State are found some of the highest elevations in
New-England, and with one exception, the highest in the United
States this side of the
The
Rocky Mountains.
crystal waters, spouting from its
thousand springs, together with the clear, cool, bracing mountain
air, has attracted the attention of invalids and lovers of mountain
fine
scenery, for
scenery, the pure
many
years from
all sections
of the country, and with
the constantly increasing railroad facilities in
the
number of
visitors
all
parts of the Union,
has been largely augmented, and
it
is
esti-
mated that over 30,000 persons annually visit the mountains of
New-Hampshire.
But few people, even of those living in this
�MOUNTAINS IN NEW- HAMPSHIRE.
aware of the number, of mountains and
lofty elevations
State, are
571
that have beeu surveyed and their altitude obtained.
There are
in the State seven
mountain peaks over one mile
twenty-two peaks between four and
fourths of a mile high
thousand
five
thousand
feet,
hi<di
;
or over three-
twenty -six peaks between three and four
;
or over one-half mile high
and twenty-five peaks
There are many
other mountains between one and four thousand feet high, but no
feet,
between two and three thousand
;
feet in height.
record of their altitude has ever been obtained.
tilled farms,
Like well
and large manufacturing establishments,
now
considered a resource instead of a barren
these mountains are
waste.
At
the bases and on the summits of
been erected
fine hotels
many mountains, have
which, in magnitude, will vie with the large
hotels in Boston and New- York.
In the summer mouths, these
large houses are filled with the wealth and fashion coming from all
sections of the
We
will
United States.
mention a few of the principal mountains, and rank
them according
to their altitude,
White Mountains.
commencing with the
This range of mountains
located in the
is
southern section of Coos county and the northern portion of Grafton and Carroll counties.
They extend northerly about twenty
and with the Franconia range have an area of over 200,000
acres.
Water from their sides flows into four of the largest rivers
in New-England viz. the Androscoggin on the north, Saco on the
east and south-east, Merrimack south and south-west, and the Conmiles,
Some
necticut on the west.
of the peaks are the highest in
New-
England, and, with one exception, the highest east of the Rocky
mountains.
The Indian name of
was Agiocochook.
these mountains, according to Dr. Belknap,
Among
the savages
who frequented
moun-
this
tain region a tradition prevailed that a deluge once overspread
the land and destroyed every
and
his wife,
who fled
human being
to these lofty elevations
the race from extermination.
except a single
Powow
and thereby preserved
Perhaps the vouchers
in detail as to
the veracity of the statement of the poor Indian, are not as good nor
as reliable as those relative to the remarkable preservation of
and
his family
Noah
on a certain Mount in Asia, but their version,
gether with Bible history and the science of geology,
stantiate the statement that at one time, far
back
all
to-
go to sub-
in the past, the
whole earth was covered with waters, with the exception of the
�MOUNTAINS IN NEW-HAMPSHIRE.
572
highest elevations.
had a venerable
Through
these traditions, the savages always
and never attempted
deeming the undertaking dangerous, and suc-
respect for these mountains,
to ascend the summit,
cess impossible.
President Alden states that the White Mountains were called by
one of the eastern tribes Waumbekketmethna
Waumbekket
;
signi-
methna mountains. Their great elevation has always rendered them exceedingly interesting, both to the aboriginal
inhabitants and to our ancestors. They were visited by Neil, Joclyn, and Field as early as 1632
they gave romantic accounts of
their adventure, and the extent and sublimity of the mountains.
They gave them the name of Crystol Hills.
There are six summits belonging to tb.3 White Mountain range
that are over one mile high and are respectively named Mount
Washington, having an altitude of 6,293 feet Mount Adams, 5,794
fies
white and
;
;
feet;
Mount
Jefferson,
5,714;
Mount
Clay, 5,553 feet;
Mount
Monroe, 5,384 feet and Mount Madison, 5,365 feet. Mount Washington is known by its superior elevation, and although sixty-five miles
distant from the ocean, in a clear day its snow white summit can be
distinctly seen fifty miles at sea
And like the father of our nation's, land,
He stands as beacon of his mountain chain,
To guide the bark upon the stormy main
To friendly port surrounded by the strand.
Mount Adams
is
known by
its
the second north of Washington.
two; Madison
is
sharp terminating peak and being
Jefferson
is
situated between the
the eastern peak of the range;
Monroe
is
the
first
south of Washington, and Clay north of Washington.
White Mountains never consider their
Mount Washington and view
the grandest mountain scenery on the American Continent.
A
traveller has well described the view obtained from Mount WashTravellers visiting the
tour completed, unless they ascend
ington.
" From the summit, if the day be clear, is afforded a view unequalled on the eastern side of the American Continent. Around
you, in every direction, are confused masses of mountains, bearing
the appearance of a sea of moulten lava suddenly cooled whilst its
ponderous waves were yet in commotion.
On the south-eastern
horizon gleams a rim of silver light it is the Atlantic Ocean sixty;
five miles distant, laving the shores of
Maine.
Lakes of
all sizes,
�MOUNTAINS IN NEW-HAMPSHIRE.
573
from Lake Winnipiseogee to mere mountain ponds, and mountains
beneath you, gleam misty and wide.
At the west the Green
Mountains in Vermont are distinctly seen at the south and southwest are Mount Monadnock and Kearsarge in full view, while the
intervening space is filled up with every variety of landscape."
The ascent of Mount Washington is by two routes one is from
;
—
Gorham, on the north
side of the
mountains
to the
Glen House,
eight miles distant, and thence by carriage road, eight miles, to the
The road is a chartered corporation, and was commenced
and finished and opened for travel in the season of 1861.
The whole work is a complete triumph of engineering skill, and is
summit.
in 1855,
The other
the best finished road in the whole mountain region.
route
is
at the western base of the mountain,
by
This
rail.
rail-
road was commenced in 1866, under the superintendence of Sylvester
Marsh, the inventor of
three years.
description
It
is
used to
and completed
in
about
any
of the mechanism of this road, and other machinery
connected therewith, and
is
this novel plan,
needless in this place, to attempt to give
make
it
it is
enough to say that every precaution
and descend. The road is nearly
safe to ascend
three miles long and ascends 3,628 feet in going that distance, start-
ing from a point 2,669 feet above tide water.
including equipment,
road up
to the
mountains.
is
summit,
On
the
is
The whole expense,
not far from $ 200,000.
A
ride
worth the whole expense of a
on
this
trip to the
summit of Mount Washington has been
erect-
ed a large and convenient hotel, which answers also for a depot.
This house has all the comforts of hotels in the city, and can ac-
There is a telcommodate about one hundred guests, over night.
egraph office, with wires coming from different quarters of the
country, and the house, in the summer, has become quite an " exchange," parties arriving over the various routes, can despatch
by telegraph (over 6000 feet above the ocean) to their places of busOne object of guests staying over
iness hundreds of miles away.
night is to obtain an evening and morning view of the setting and
the rising sun, the beauty and grandeur of which is far beyond any
human
attempt to describe.
These mountains are now reached by railroad from all sections
of the country, and at all points near their base. On the north
side, at
Gorham, via Grand Trunk Railroad, coming from the north-
western States, Canada, and city of Montreal, or the other way,
from Portland and other points
in
Maine.
On
the south and south-
�MOUNTAINS IN NEW-HAMPSHIRE.
574
west side, through the Notch at
Upper
Bartlett,
by the Portland
from Portland, or coming from
ii
over the Eastern railroad to North Conway, thence over
the Portland and Ogdensburg railroad to Upper Bartlett, or from
Boston over the Boston and Maine railroad to Great Falls Junc-
and Ogdensburg
tion,
railroad, either
On
thence over Eastern railroad to North Conway, &c.
west side, at the
Twin Mountain House,
in Carroll,
the
by the Boston,
Concord and Montreal railroad, from every section of the country
their connections with all the lines of railroad being nearly perfect.
Many
of the towns in the vicinity of the mountains are becoming
quite a resort for these mountain tourists, especially, where the
mountains are
in full view,
that distance lends
ham,
and
it
enchantment
can be truly said, at
to
At
the view.
many
points,
Lancaster, Gor-
Jefferson, Dalton, Whitefield, Littleton, Bethlehem, Lisbon,
Conway,' Bartlett, Jackson, Franconia, there are large
and summer boarding houses built expressly for the accommodation of these tourists.
The Notch is the name applied to a very narrow defile, between
two huge cliffs rent asunder by some powerful convulsion of nature,
seemingly to admit the waters of the Saco, which passes between
Carroll,
hotels
these walls for a distance of two miles.
At
the northern extremity
of the Notch, the distance between the perpendicular rocks on
either side of the
chasm
is
only twenty-two
feet.
Through
this
narrow chasm passes the foaming Saco, and the road leading from
In this notch was situated the
Bartlett to the Crawford House.
celebrated Willey house, directly under the Willey Mountain.
This house was built as early as 1821, for a public house, and was
kept by a Mr. Hill for several years. In the autumn of 1825, a
Mr. Willey, with his family, took possession, and lived comfortably
through the winter. In June there was a slide from the mountain,
and although they were somewhat frightened, it did them no mateFrom this incident, Mr. Willey anticipated worse
rial injury.
results
from similar
slides,
and had taken the precaution
to prepare
a place of refuge in case there was another slide from the mountain.
August 28, 1826, there was a violent storm around the Notch, and
a vast amount of rock and earth was precipitated into the valley
below, Leaving the Willey house again unharmed; but the Willey
family was swept away, leaving not one to
is
tell
the awful
tale.
It,
supposed they heard the danger approaching, and attempted to
flee (as
they thought) to their
new
shelter of safety, but were over-
�MOUNTAINS IN NEW-HAMPSHIRE.
575
taken and destroyed, or they might have arrived at their cabin and
then been swept away, as not a vestige was
left to
mark
the spot.
would require a volume to give a detailed account of all the
places of interest around these mountains, and, with the present
railroad facilities among them, our readers will be far better satisfied with a personal visit, than to read these apparently fairy tales
It
relative to them.
Franconia Mountains.
— The
Franconia range comes next in
This range lies about
order of lofty elevations in New-Hampshire.
twenty miles south-west from the base of Mount Washington, and
them by cars
the nearest point to reach
at Littleton; the
is
moun-
from the depot, where stages are
waiting on the arrival of each train through the season
tains being twelve miles south-east
always
in
of travel.
ette,
5,290
attractions
The highest elevations in
and Mount Lincoln,
feet,
this
around these mountains which
every season.
The
House
Profile
is
range are Mount Lafay-
5,101
feet.
call
There are many
many
visitors hither
one of the largest hotels
in the
and in the height of the season is filled to its utmost capacity.
To show its magnitude, it is only necessary to say that the main
parlor is 50 by 100 feet, and the house can accommodate over five
hundred guests at one time. There are other fine hotels, but this
State,
is
the largest.
Among
the places worthy of a visit
Mountain, one of the greatest natural
wonderful profile of the
human
face,
Man
of the
curiosities in the State.
This
is, first,
The Old
wearing from age to age the
same undisturbed expression of dignity and wisdom, and surveying
in calm majesty the wild and varied region around, is seen on a
bold and nearly perpendicular part of the rock which terminates
one of the projecting
thousand
The
feet.
cliffs
of
profile
is
Mount Jackson,
at the height of one
produced by a peculiar combination
of the surfaces and angles of five huge granite blocks.
" Great as thou
art,
And
and paralleled by none,
Admired by all, still art thou drear and lone
The moon looks down upon thine exiled height
The stars, so mildly, spiritually bright,
On wings of morning gladly flit away,
To mix with their more genial, mighty ray."
!
The Flume
side
;
it
is
is
a deep chasm, having precipices of granite on each
about three fourths of a mile from the main road, on
the right-hand as you go towards Franconia Notch.
A
mountain
�MOUNTAINS IN NEW-HAMPSHIRE.
576
its
loose masses of rocks.
It is not practicable to
the
Flume during
One
in the
good foot-path.
Flume
block of granite, which hangs a few
is
an immense
feet
supported merely by small surfaces of contact against
To
bed of
summer; but
and the bottom of the river
of the most remarkable objects in the
rounded
walk
the spring freshets and in early
late in the season but little water flows,
affords a
and
midst, falling over precipitous crags
torrent rushes through
the traveler passing in
the bed of the stream
neath this huge block, the appearance
is
that
it
overhead,
its
sides.
and under-
must instantly
fall
upon him.
Moosilauke or Moosehillock, in Benton,
is
the next highest moun-
and has an altitude of 4,991 feet. The nearest point
by cars is Warren. The distance from the depot to the base of the
mountain is four miles and thence by carriage road four miles to
the summit. It is becoming a popular resort for mountain tourists,
and Prof. A. Guyot says in respect to the scenery from the crest of
this mountain, " The panorama which is before your eyes at the
summit of Moosilauke is neai'ly the most extensive I have found
in New-England, not excepting even that from M'ts. Washington
tain in range,
;
and Lafayette, over which it possesses many advantages. This is
due to the insulated position of that mountain outside of the group
of the White Mountains proper, combined with its great elevation
which surpasses by 1000 feet to 1500 feet the surrounding heights,
while it is less than 500 feet below the summit of Lafayette. The
eye thus embraces at a single glance in the north and northeast, all
the chains of the White Mountain group from Lafayette and M't
Washington to the highest peaks of the central, southern and eastTowards the south and east
ern chains in Sandwich and Conway.
the whole State of New-Hampshire, with its innumerable scattered
hills and lakes, among which Winnipiseogee is conspicuous, and a
part of Maine, complete the grand, instructive, raised map which
is opened before the beholder."
See Benton and Warren.
Carrigan is located in the Upper Pemigewasset valley, a little
south-east from the Franconia range, and is 4,678 feet in height.
Mount Iinji and Mount Moriah are located in Bean's Purchase
and are situated about four miles south south-east from Gorham
village.
Their altitudes are respectively 4,702, and 4,653 feet.
Carter Mountain, also in Bean's Purchase, but further south,
4,830 feet high.
The views from
their
summits are grand, but
is
their
�MOUNTAINS IN NEW-HAMPSHIRE.
577
add much to the fine scenery around
Gorham.
Monadnock commonly called the Grand Monadnock, situated in
the towus of Jaffrey and Dublin in Cheshire county, is the highest
elevation in the southern and central section of the State and has
an altitude 'of 3,718 feet. The principal ascent is made from the
lofty elevations in themselves
Jaffrey side.
The scenery obtained from
country for
many
its
summit
with numerous villages and ponds.
Mount
from
its
Carr, in
crest
is
Pegnaivket or
is
exceedingly
The
fine.
miles around appears like a vast plain studded
See Jaffrey.
Wentworth, has a height of 3,652
feet.
The view
extensive.
Ki irsarge
partly in Chatham,
Mountain8,lies partly in Bartlett and
3,358 feet high.
It is about three miles
from North Conway, one of the greatest points for summer tourists
The view from the summit of this mountain
in New-Hampshire.
is very fine and extensive.
Table Mountain, is in Conway and has an altitude of 3,305 feet.
Prospect Mountain, is situated in Holderne-s and Campton,
is
about four miles from Plymouth depot.
It
is
about 2,963
feet in
and a view from its summit, is of the most diversified character.
A good carriage road has been built to its very top, and is
much travelled by visitors stopping in Plymouth.
height,
Kearsarr/e Mountain,
er,
is
situated in the towns of Salisbury, "Warn-
Sutton and Wilmot in Merrimack county, and has an elevation
of 2,742 feet above
Northern railroad
tide water.
at
It
is
approached by the cars on the
the Potter Place depot in Andover, being
only four miles to the Winslow House on the side of the mountain,
and within one fourth of a mile from its summit. This fine hotel
within the limits of Wilmot.
It is reached on its southern Bide,
by the Concord and Claremont Railroad, at Warner. A carriage
road has been built on this side of the mountain nearly to the
summit. The views from this mountain are the finest in the State.
(See Warner and Andover.)
Ossipee Mountain has no connecting chain with other
Ossipee.
mountains, but is a separate mound, about six miles in diameter
and is located within the limits of the towns Sandwich, Tamworth,
It is over 2,300
Ossipee, Tuftonborough and Moultonborough.
feet high, and presents a grand and imposing appearance, from all
is
the towns surrounding
it.
�EN XEW-IIAMPSHIRE.
MOUNTAINS
578
There are many other mountains in the State worthy of mention, and through the courtesy of William Little Esq., of Manches-
we are enabled to give the altitude of a large number of the
the names of the towns or
in New-Hampshire an
This will be valuable and ingrants in which they are located.
ter,
mountains
1
teresting for future reference.
ALTITUDES.
Heights of Mountains,
New- Hampshire, above
in
Tide Water
JUeas-
MeasWliere situated,
Mt
Mt.
Mt.
Mt.
Mt.
Mt.
Mt.
Mt.
ur,
<1
Where
by
Washington, White Mountains, Guyot,
Adams,
5,71
Clay,
5 os
(
Stark,
l
Franconia,
Lafa] ette,
Lincoln,
While Hits.
Bean's Purcliase,
Pemigewassi it.
Bean's Purcluise,
Pemigi wassett,
Mi. Pleasant,
Mt.
Imp
Mt. larrigain
(
Mt. Moriah,
Mt. Hancock,
Cone Mt.
i
.
Mt.
Mi.
(
11
Whi
il
"
"
"
"
"
WhiteMts.
Jit. Kinsman,
Bald Knob,
Zandaff,
Pemigewassett,
Face Mt.
"
"
Mt. .larks, n,
White Mts.
Pemigewassett,
Tripyramid,
Mt. Passaconaway,
Sa odwich Dome,
Chatham,
Mt. Koj.se,
Franconia,
Mt. Cannon,
! iriissi tf,
I',
Brick House Mt.,
'•
"
"
III 1.
Mt. Monadnock
Mt. Carmel,
Mt. Black,
Chen \
Mount
Jaffrey,
Pittsburg,
Carrol,
Wentworth,
Ellsworth,
.Mini 11
i
(.mm
stairs,
Ml. IH -liliiall
Mt. Resolution,
[ghtt of
"
the
3,557
40
1
Pond,
.Mt.,
Pawtm kaway
Hanover,
Mt., Deerfield,
"
1,388
1,415
1,072
1,000
"
S92
Sunapee Mountain, Newbury, starting from
"
3,4oli
1,600
the shores ol Snnapee Lake is about
3,400
There are more than one hundred other
Guyot 3,400 mountains in New-Hampshire from 1,000 to
393 1,
leet high, but as their altitude lias never
it
been ascertained they are not inserted in this list.
:;
.,
.;
3.3o7
Lakes and Ponds of Neiv- Hampshire above Tide Water.
Feel
Lake of the Clouds,
Moose
1,887
1,151
'•
Benton,
some of
•
"
II llitr Mis.
I', migevtasselt
Bear Mt.,
Ti eraont Park,
Pi |u.i\'. ket,
Bartlett & Clmtham,
!!•
:;
Quimby.
Temple,
Dr. Jackson,
Pitsfield,
oaks. Goffstown,
Guyot, 3,701 Qncan
Quimby,
"
3,670 Blue Mt.,
Milton,
Dr. Jackson,
"
"
Saddleback Mt., Northwood,
11.
Pemigewassett,
Woodstock,
Owl's Head,
Guyot, 2,958
Ur. Paris 3,71
Barrett Mt.,
3,711 Catamount Mt.,
Wells,
Benton,
Mt.,
Carr,
Mt. Kineo,
Ihororna,
Pemigewassett,
Camtpon, Huntington 2,879
Warner, Ca.pt l'artridge,2..1i2.
Huntington, 2,608
702 G irdner Mt
Lyman,
4 157S Crown Mon'nt, Cor.Me.tf. H.d-Ca., Wells, 2,569
6
Dr. Jackson, 2,470
Gilford,
Mt. Belknap,
4,42i> Mi. Deception,
Guyot,
2,449
White Mts.
Temple,
Quimby, 2,385
4 400 Pack Monadnock,
Huntington, 2,378
4,397 Mt. Mist,
Warren,
4.370 Ossipee Mts.,
Ossipee,
Dr. Jackson, 2,361
"
2,340
4,350 Mt. Cube,
Orjord,
Guyot, 2,320
4,330 Webster Slide Mt., Warren,
Huntington, 2,254
4 320 Smart's Mt.,
Dorchester,
4.2
Quimby, 2,223
Francestown,
Srotched Mt.,
Gw/ot,
2,209
Warren,
4,100 Mt. Sentinel,
4.100 Stoddard Mt.,
Quimby, 2,200
Stoddard,
4,100 Pieruiont Mt.,
Huntington, 2,167
Piermont,
"
4,086 Squam Mt„
2,162
Hbldemess,
4,030 Gunstock Mt.,
Gilford,
Dr. Jackson, 2,062
"
3.969 Bald Top Mt.,
2,050
Wentworth,
"
3,910 Red Hill,
2,025
MouUonborough,
Huntington, 2,000
Bartlett,
Iron Mt,,
"
2,000
3 550 Ragged Mt.,
Andover,
I
.
"
in ton,
Jackson,
Boldemess, Huntington, 2,9(53
"
2,960
Rumney.
i
Woodst'Ck,
White Mts.
Pemigewassett,
Cat Mt.,
Mt. Willey,
White Mts.
3,305
3 200
3,170
3,152
3,134
3,120
4,704] Mt. Kearsai ge,
i-.;eola,
Bltfe,
\\ ild
1
Dr. Jackson, 3,350
Huntington, 3,336
Conway,
Table Mt.,
Mote "Sit.,
Pemigewassett,
Guyot,
Echo Mt.,
Woodstock,
365 Mt. Waternomes,
5
Madison,
I
5,290 Mt. Crawford,
5.101 Double Head Mt.
Benti a. Huntington, 1,941 Mt. Prospect,
Moo ilauke,
Guyot, l. n 2(l|Stinson Mt.,
Twin Mountain, Pemir/e.wasset,
1,904 Green's' Cliff,
Write Mts.
Mt. franklin,
4,830 Campton Mt.,
Bean's Purchase,
Mt. Carter,
Ml
ured by
5,553
Monroe,
Orange,
:;
lardigan,
5,794 Percy Peak,
.if It'erson,
situated,
White Mts.,
5,009
Mi Lafayette,
Deer Lake,
Moosilauke,
Pond, lonrceof the MagaUoway,
lake,
Franconia Notch
Connecticut Lake,
4,1
,
4,090
2,917
1,926
l.olU
�LAKES IN NEW-HAMPSHIKE.
579
Heights of some of the Notches or Passes, of New- Hampshire, above Tide Water.
Feet.
Water shod between Swift
river
and the
Pemigewassett,
Pinkham Notch,
Franconia Notch,
White Mts. Notch,
Stoddard Summit,
Feet
Milan Summit, O. T. R. R.,
2,618 HarriSTille Summit, M. & K. R. R.,
2,018 Oliveriau Notch,
2,014 Whiteneld Summit, B. C. & M. R. R.,
1,903 Orange Summit, N . R. R.,
1,555
NEW-HAMPSHIRE
],luO
1,084
1,078
1,072
990
HILLS.
We've stood beside Niagara's flood,
And mused on Nature's skill,
But nothing there His genius shows
Like a New-Hampshire hill.
We've
sailed
God calms
upon broad ocean's wave
it if
He
wills
But nothing there shows quiet peace
Like old New-Hampshire hills.
We've been within
the nation's dome,
Stood gazing with a thrill
But nothing there inspires such awe
As a New-Hampshire hill.
Within the banker's
safe
Steel chests his lucre
we've stood
fills
But nothing there shows half the wealth
Of old New-Hampshire hills.
We've seen
prairies
and
their flowers,
Beside their sparkling rills,
But nothing there looks half so fair
As
old
When
New-Hampshire
hills.
hand upon us 's laid,
blood he chills,
Then gently lower us to our graves,
'Mid old New-Hampshire hills.
And
death's cold
life's
warm
LAKES IN NEW-HAMPSHIRE.
In a country where the surface is broken by hills and lofty
be deep gorges and valleys, which afford
basins where the streams from the hill, and mountain sides are
mountains, there will
�LAKES IN NEW-HAMPSHIRE.
580
drained, thus producing
many
lakes and ponds,
and frequently
pre-
senting a natural painting of mountain, lake and river scenery,
here and there touched with the brush held by the skilled hand of
and
civilization
blended in one grand and magnificent view of
all
nature and art combined.
In
New-Hampshire is not an exception. Her many
among her mountains and hills have justly entitled
name of the Switzerland of America, and much of the
this respect,
lakes and ponds
her to the
scenery around her lakes
is
not excelled in beauty, even by the
lake scenery in Switzerland.
Connecticut Lake,
county, and
is
necticut river.
It
a half in width.
scenery on
lake
its
the northern section of the State in Coos
lies in
the source of one of the principal branches of Conis
five
and a half miles
banks
is
A
very beautiful.
a smaller body of water, and
is
in length,
The lake contains an abundance of
still
and two and
fish and the
few miles above this
farther north another
These three bodies of water are distinguished as First, Second and Third Lakes, the latter being about five miles from Canada line.
lake.
Many
travellers annually visit these northern lakes for fishing
and pleasure recreation
And, when the
firey horse,
Upon the
Shall move
gaudy train
Along
iron track,
his
their grassy banks,
Freighted with precious life
Then, will nature yield a half to art.
And blended beauty quicken the eye of man.
Mascoma) Lake. (See Enfield.)
(See Auburn.)
Newfound Lake is pleasantly located in the towns of BridgeIt is about seven miles long and three
water, Bristol and Hebron.
wide, and empties into Pemigcwassett river, at Bristol, by Newfound
Mascomy
{or
Massabedck Lake.
river.
Ossipee Lake.
Stafford's Lake.
(See Ossipee.)
(See Chesterfield.)
the counties of Grafton, Belknap and
and on the towns of Holderness, Sandwich, Moultonborough and Center Harbor. It is about six miles long, and, in its
Squam Lake borders on
Carroll
;
widest part, three miles in width.
It
is
a splendid sheet of water,
�LAKES IN NEW-HAMPSHIRE.
581
studded with a succession of romantic islands.
Its outlet is Squani
River which discharges into the Pemigewasset River, in Ashland.
Sunapee Lake is situated nearly on the height of land between
the Connecticut and Merrimack rivers, and
feet
above tide water.
elevated about 1,000
is
on the eastern part of Sullivan,
It borders
and western part of Merrimack Couuties, and is in the towns of
London, Newbury and Sunapee.
It is about ten miles in
length and from one half to one and one half miles in width and is
noted for the fine, picturesque scenery which surrounds it. Sugar
River is its outlet, which flows westerly into the Connecticut, at
New
Claremont.
Umbagog Lake, but
Lake Winnipiseogee,
little inferior in size to
and extends along the eastern part
of Erroll and Cambridge, in New-Hampshire.
It is irregularly
shaped, is about eighteen miles long and, in some parts, ten wide.
The scenery around this lake is wild and romantic, and it is a great
resort for hunting and fishing, for lovers of those sports.
Its outlet
is on the west side, in Erroll, its waters flowing west, about two
miles, where it joins the Magalloway, after which it is called the
Androscoggin River.
is
situated mostly in Maine,
Winnipiseogee Lake.
However romantic and
travellers, appears, in
depth,
its
its
This
beautiful
its
Lake possesses singular charms.
Lake George, the charmer of all
elevation, the
purity of
mountain scenery,
historic fame,
it
its
mineralogy
fish, its
still,
;
the present
mode of
spelling
Winnepesocke.
and Carroll.
Its
form
it is
This
is
Lake
;
;
its
width from one
length
is
this lake,
in the counties of
is
At
on the north
end there are three others.
west to south east
ries in
but
its
but
Winnipiseogee, pronounced Wini-
very irregular.
vided into three large bays
east
in all
its
bosom,
its
has a rival at the east, in the Winnipiseogee of
New-Hampshire.
There are various ways of spelling the name of
jrisoky or
waters,
its
rapid outlet, the 365 islands which bespangle
Its
the west end
is
Belknap
it
general course
is
from north-
about twenty-five miles and
to ten miles.
is di-
a fourth, and at the
This lake
is
it
va-
environed by the
pleasant towns of Moultonborough, Tuftonborough, Wolfeborough,
Center Harbor, Meredith, Gilford and Alton, and overlooked by
other delightful towns.
The waters
said
to
be
are remarkably pure, and
unfathomable.
Its
its
sources
depth, in some places,
are
principally
is
from
�RIVERS IN NEW- HAMPSHIRE.
582
springs within
name.
its
bosom.
Its height,
Its outlet
is
the rapid river of
above the level of the
stored with a great variety of excellent
sea,
is
472
it
its
waters,
presents an icy expansion of great
own
It is
In the summer
fish.
son steamboats, sloops, and smaller vessels ply on
in the winter season
its
feet.
sea-
and
useful-
ness and beauty.
It
is
said to contain 365 islands, several of
which compose farms
of from 200 to 500 acres.
Of
the scenery of this lake
Edward Everett has
left
this testi-
" I
mony, in a speech made in New- Hampshire some years ago
have been something of a traveler in our own country, though less
than I could wish, and in Europe have seen all that is attractive,
from the Highlands of Scotland to the Golden Horn of Constantinople from the summit of the Hartz Mountains to the fountains
of Vauclure but my eye has yet to rest on a lovelier scene than
that which smiles around yo as you sail from Wier's Landing to
Center Harbor." What is true of this trip is true of that from
Wolfeborough to Wier's, and in fact of all the trips to be taken
upon the lake. The most'experien.vd call them equally fine.
:
—
;
i
In the warm season the two splendid steamers, Lady of the
Lake, and Mt. Washington, both new, ply upon the lake; two
points at which it may be approached from the south, and two
points of departure for the mountains.
The former runs between
the Wier's, Centre Harbor, and Wolfeborough, and the latter be-
tween Alton Bay, Wolfeborough, and Centre Harbor. The Boston, Concord, and Montreal Railroad connects with the former at
Wier's, and the Boston and
Maine with the
latter, at
Alton Bay.
At Wolfeborough there is a rail connection with the Eastern Railroad by the Wolf borough branch, at Wolfeborough Junction, in
Wakefield.
There are many other small lakes aud ponds
in various sections
of the State, all having their peculiar charms, of which mention
has been
made
in describing the
towns in which they are located-
RIVERS IN NEW-HAMPSHIRE.
Owing
to the mountainous and elevated position of the
and the proximity to the ocean, the streams are necessarily
State,
short,
with rapid currents, and produce some of the best water power in
the country.
�RIVERS IN NEW-HAMPSHIRE.
583
The scenery along many of its river banks is not excelled, for
beauty and grandeur, by any river scenery on the globe. The
waters of its thousand rivulets find their way to the ocean through
different channels,
the Connecticut River drains the
Androscoggin River the north-eastern
portion, north of the White Mountains
Saco River the southern
portion of the White Mountains, and the eastern part of the State,
five
viz.,
western section of the State
;
;
as far west and south as the highlands which separate its waters
from those of the Merrimack and Piscataqua the Piscataqua the
south-eastern section of the State and the Merrimack River which
;
;
drains the south-western section of the White Mountains and the
whole central portion of New-Hampshire from east to west, to Massachusetts line. A few towns on the coast may have their drainage
directly into the ocean.
Our knowledge
of
its
are not as perfect as
hydraulical resources for moving machinery
we would
like.
appointed by the Governor, in 1872, to
as to
its
Three commissioners were
make
a survey of the State
hydraulic powers, but neglected to attend to their duties
was not sufficient to make a
and most important resource
for the reason that the appropriation
satisfactory report of this valuable
Ten thousand
of the State.
dollars could not be better appro-
priated than for a thorough survey of the water power of
New-
Hampshire.
The
total
amount of water power, now improved,
is about 69,000
forming reservoirs to retain the water, and
By
horse power.
throwing dams across
rivers,
and excavating canals,
it is
said this
capacity could be nearly doubled.
Ammonoosuc Upper.
the south, has
its
—Upper
Ammonoosuc
River, coming from
source in the northern part of Randolph, and
passes north, through Berlin
and western part of Milan, thence
a westerly direction through Stark and Northumberland, where
empties into the Connecticut.
in
it
Its principal tributaries are Phillips
River, coming from the north through Odell, western part of Millsfield
and Dummer, and joining the Ammonoosuc in Stark; and Nash's
Stream, coming from the eastern portion of Columbia and Strafford,
and passing
berland.
into the
Its
Ammonoosuc
whole length
is
of 150,000 acres or 234 square miles
is
the northern part of Northum-
in
about
;
fifty miles.
and
its
It waters a basin
improved water power
about 900 horse power.
Ammonoosuc Lower.
— Lower Ammonoosuc River
has
its
source
�RIVERS IN NEW-HAMPSHIRE.
584
on the western side of the White Mountains
;
thence passing west
through the southern portion of Carroll and northern part of Bethlehem to Littleton thence, in a southerly direction, through the
;
easterly part of Littleton, the westerly part of Lisbon, diagonally
through Bath, and joining the Connecticut near the westerly corner
of Haverhill. A considerable stream coming from Lincoln and
Franconia passes in a north-westerly direction and joins the Ammonoosuc iu Lisbon. Two miles from its mouth, it receives the
Wild Ammonoosuc, coming from the northerly part of Benton
through LandafF. The Lower Ammonoosuc is noted for its romantic falls in the vicinity of the White Mountains.
It is said to be
the wildest and most rapid stream in New-Hampshire, having a
fall of over 5,000 feet in its meandering course of about fifty miles.
It drains a surface of over 220,000 acres or 344 square miles of territory.
Its improved horse water power is about 2,700, with three
times that capacity unimproved.
Androscoggin River is formed principally from the waters of
Uinbagog Lake and Magalloway River which unite about two
miles below the lake.
The Magalloway, which is its principal tributary, has its source and principal course in Maine, and
crosses the State line at Wentworth's Location, thence southerly
through the Location and forms the Androscoggin in Erroll.
The Magalloway receives the water of Dimond River, coming
from the eastern part of Stewartstown, easterly, through Dixville
and Dartmouth College Grant, and joining it across the line
in
Maine.
From
Errol the Androscoggin flows in a southerly direction
through the north-westerly corner of Cambridge, south-easterly
corner of'Dummer, easterly part of Milan and Berlin to the centre
of
Gorham, whence
it
flows in an easterly direction through Shel-
burne into Maine; thence,
southerly, about one
tide
In
in a meandering course, easterly and
hundred and twenty miles, where it meets the
water at Brunswick.
its
Stream,
passage
in
in Erroll,
Peabody River,
passes near the
this State,
is
in
New-Hampshire it receives the waters of Clear
coming from Dixville and Millsfield
and
Gorham, coming through the White Mountain
;
head waters of Ellis River.
about sixty miles, and
500,000 acres or 787 square miles.
it
Its
whole course,
in
drains a territory of about
The Androscoggin
stream, and at Berlin Falls, in New-Hampshire,
is
1,035
is
a rapid
feet
above
�RIVERS IN NEW-HAMPSHIRE.
and the north-west head of Magalloway River
Improved power, 700
tide water
feet.
585
;
Ashuelot River
is
one of the most important streams, of
is
2,917
its size,
Its principal
improved water power.
source is from ponds in Washington, and flowing thence, in a southwesterly direction, through Marlow, Gilsum, Surry, Keene, Swan-
in the State, in point of
zey, Winchester,
Massachusetts
it
empties into the Connecticut, at Hinsdale, near
Its principal
line.
branches are a stream coming
from Stoddard, through the north-west corner of Nelson, southeast corner of Sullivan and north-west corner of Roxbury, to Keene
and one from Dublin, through Marlborough, to South-Keene,
Also a stream
where it joins the stream coming from Stoddard.
comes from Troy, through the south-west corner of MarlboNearly all of these
rough, and joins the Ashuelot in Swauzey.
;
sources are from ponds which have "been
dammed, thus producing
aud affording constant water power to the manufactories on the streams below.
The length of the river is about forty miles, and it drains a basin of 240,000 acres, or 375 square
miles.
Its improved horse water power is about 3,600, with much
large reservoirs
still
unimproved.
of nearly 1,000
From
its
source to the Connecticut
has a
it
fall
feet.
Baker's River is an important stream in Grafton County, and is
formed by two branches uniting in Wentworth. The north branch
has its source near Moosehillock, in Benton, whence it runs, in a
southerly course, through Warren, to Wentworth, receiving in
its
passage a considerable stream issuing from Baker's Upper Pond, in
the east part of Orford. The south branch rises in Orange, thence
flowing north through the easterly part of Dorchester, and uniting
with the north branch at the easterly part of Wentworth thence it
pursues a south-east and easterly course, through the southerly
part of Rumney and northerly part of Plymouth, where it forms a
;
with the Pemigewasset, just above Plymouth Village.
Gen. John Stark was captured by the Indians on this river, in the
Captaiu Baker at one time,
township of Rumney, April 28, 1752
also, attacked a party of Indians and defeated them at its mouth.
juuction
(See Plymouth.)
It drains a part or the whole of twelve towns, comprising an area
of about 150,000 acres, and has an improved horse water power of
about 1,250.
Back
River, or Bellamy
Bank, has
its rise
in
Chesley Pond, in
�RIVERS IN NEW-HAMPSHIRE^
586
Barrington, and from a stream coming from Vnv and marshy land
These two streams unite hi Madbury, and, after
winding through the town the stream thus formed falls into the Pisin the vicinity.
cataqua, on the west side of Dover Neck.
water power in Dover, where there
is
It has
some valuable
a large woolen manufactory,
situated about one half mile from the City Hall.
principal source in Beaver Pond, in Lonpond it passes south, through Pelham, and
the Merrimack, in Dracut, Massachusetts.
Its waters
Beaver River has
donderry.
falls into
From
its
this
flow from the whole or part of six towns.
Bear Camp River has its source from several streams flowing
from the south side of the Sandwich and Albany Mountains. It
passes through Tamworth in an easterly direction and receives a
considerable stream, coming from Albany, in Ossipee, and falls into
Ossipee Lake, on
its
western border.
Black Water River.
Cold River has
corner of Lempster
Langdon and
(See Contoocook River.)
(See Androscoggin River.)
Clear River.
its
source in
thence
;
Unity, Acworth and south-west
passes through the southerly part of
it
the north-westerly corner of Alstead
and mingles with
the waters of the Connecticut, in the northerly part of Walpole.
It
drains a basin of nearly 60,000 acres, and has an improved horse
water power of 650.
and most important River in Newof soil, and fine and beautiful scenery, the Connecticut valley is not surpassed by any valley
in this country.
From its mouth nearly to its source its banks, on
either side, are dotted with large and substantial farm houses and
beautiful cities and villages.
Connecticut River
England.
For
is
the largest
richness
Its principal source
is
and
fertility
among
the highlands in the northern part
name, in the Indian language, is said to signify
Long River, or as some render it, the River of Pines, and pronounced Quonektacwt. Its general course is north and south, and its
western bank forms the boundary line between New-Hampshire and
of the State.
Vermont
;
Its
thence
it
crosses the western part of Massachusetts, passes
through the State of Connecticut, nearly in the center, and, after a
fall of 1,600 feet from its head, it empties into Long Island Sound in
latitude 41° 16', having traversed, by a meandering course, a distance of nearly 450 miles.
Before the days of railroads, by means of canals and other im-
�RIVERS IN NEW-HAMPSHIRE.
proveinents, the River was
Falls, in the
its
mouth.
made navigable
587
for boats to Fifteen
Mile
town of Monroe, N. H., being nearly 350 miles from
The locks and canals are all going to decay, as rail-
roads have supplanted their usefulness.
The most considerable
rapids in the river, in New-Hampshire, are Bellows' Falls, at Walpole,
Queechy, at
Plainfield, White River,
below Hanover, and Fif-
teen Mile Falls.
Its principal tributaries, in this State, are Hall's
stream at Stew-
Upper Ammonoosuc at Northumberland, Israel's, at Lancaster, John's, at Dalton, Lower Ammonoosuc, at Bath, Mascomy,
at Lebanon, Sugar and Little Sugar, at (Jlaremont, Cold, at Walpole, and Ashuelut, at Hinsdale.
The basin of the Connecticut, in New-Hampshire, is narrow,
artstown,
extending back from one
to four towns,
whole of about ninety towns,
and
it
drains part or the
having an area of
nearly 2,300,000 acres or 3,600 square miles. The water power of
the tributaries of the Connecticut is valuable, and the improved
For the agricultural facilities of the
horse water power is 19,800.
in
the
State,
Connecticut valley please see page 403.
The
total area of the basin
of the Connecticut
is
estimated at
12,000 square miles.
Cuntoocook River, a stream of considerable length and importance, waters most of the towns in the west part of Hillsborough
It has its rise from severel ponds in Rindge and Jaffrey
extreme southern source being near Massachusetts line. It re
ceives, in its course north, numerous streams flowing from Sharon,
County.
its
Dublin, Peterborough, Greenfield, Hancock, Deering, Bennington,
Antrim, Washington, Stoddard, Windsor, and Hillsborough. In
Hillsborough it takes a northeasterly and easterly direction, and
passes through Henniker to Hopkinton, where it receives " War-
From Hopkinton it pursues a
meandering course through Concord, and unites with the Merrimack
between Concord and Boscawen, nearly sixty miles north of the
The whole
line between New-Hampshire and Massachusetts.
length of the Contoocook, in its meandering course, is about eighty
ner" and "Blackwater" rivers.
miles.
rise
Its
itself at
tlte
its
is
in Nelson, Harrisville
Peterborough.
river" has
Nuhanusit river, having its
and Dublin, and discharging
water power is valuable. " Branch
most important tributary
from ponds
Its
source from ponds in Stoddard, and passes through
northern section of Antrim into Hillsborough, and empties into
�RIVERS IN NEW-HAMPSHIRE.
588
the Contoocook near the line between the latter town and Antrim.
Warner river, a considerable stream, becomes a tributary of the
Contoocook in Hopkintou, and flows from New London, Sutton,
Newbury, Bradford, Warner and Hopkintou. Two miles farther
east it receives the waters of the Blackwater, having its source in
the towns of Springfield, Wilmot, Daubury and New London, and
in its course receives numerous streams flowing from Andover,
Salisbury, Webster and Boscawen.
The waters which form the Cmtoocook flow from a part or whole
of thirty-two different towns, parts of five different counties, and
drain a surface of territory comprising an area of nearly 470,000
acres, or
734 square miles.
With
tributaries
its
its
waters turn
about 270 water-wheels, having a horse power of 5^976.
one half of
its
available water power
highest source, at Harrisville, to
eight
hundred
its
unimproved.
is still
mouth
it
Nearly
From
its
has a desceut of over
feet.
dustin's island.
mouth of the Contoocook is Dustin's Island, celebrated
where Mrs. Hannah Dustin, in March, 1697, destroyed
ten Indians.
A fine and expensive granite monument is being
erected here to the memory of Mrs. Dustiu aud her valorous deed.
Near
the
as the spot
Cocheco Elver takes
Durham which
in
rise
its
several small streams in
unite in Farmington, whence
it
flows in
New
an easterly
and southerly direction through Rochester, there receiving as a
Long pond in Barrington
and Bow lake in Strafford thence passing through Dover it joins
the Salmon Falls river, the principal branch of the Piscataqua.
Its waters come from parts of nine towns, and together with its
tributaries, it furnishes some excellent water power, amounting to
tributary the Isinglass river flowing from
;
about 1,500 improved horse power.
—
Dead River. See Dimond River.
Dimond River has its principal source
easterly part of Stewartstown
;
Dixville and Dartmoutli College Grant
several tributaries,
it
joins
Dead
in
Dimond pond,
in the
thence flowing easterly through
river
;
receiving, in
and
crosses
its
Maine
passage,
line into
the Magalloway.
Ellis River has its rise on the eastern and southern side of the
White Mountains, and, passing southerly through Jackson, it falls
into the Saco, in Bartlett.
In Jackson
it
receives several considr
�DUSTIN.
is to be erected on the island
of the Contooeook river, near and in sight of the Northern
Railroad, and on the precise spot where the wigwams stood when Mrs.
Dustin dealt the death-blows on her cruel captors. The base of the
monument is eight by nine feet square, and, including the statue (which
is seven feet), is twenty-four feet high.
This
at the
monument
month
is
of solid granite, and
��RIVERS IN NEW-HAMPSHIRE.
589
erable tributaries the largest of which is Wildcat river, coming
from the mountain passes and near the head waters of Peabody
river, running into the Androscoggin.
;
Sail's Stream or River rises in the highlands which separate this
State from the British dominions, and forms the north-west bound-
ary between New-Hampshire and Canada from
its
source to
its
junction with the Connecticut, at Stewartstown.
Indian Stream
in
is
of the Connecticut
limits of the State,
Coos county and
rises
it
;
an
1
is
the most northerly source
highlands near the north-west
in the
flows in a south-westerly direction
till
it
joins that river in Clarksville.
Isinglass River.
—See Cocheco River.
formed by the waters which descend in cataracts
from the summits of Mounts Adams and Jefferson. It flows in a
north-westerly direction through Jefferson, and passes into the Connecticut at Lancaster village.
This beautiful mountain stream
receives its name fro'n Israel Glines, who, with his brother, frequented this region for hunting, long before any settlement in this
It furnishes some valuable water power in
part of the country.
IsraePs River
Jefferson
is
and Lancaster, which
is
generally improved.
pond in the
town of Jefferson. Its southerly branch rises in Carroll and unites
with the main branch in Whitefield whence it flows through Dalton and into the Connecticut river. Its proximity to steep and
high mountains makes it a fearful river in time of freshets, but
mild enough in dry weather.
Lamprey River is formed by two sources, called the North and
South branches, which form a junction in Epping. The source
of the North branch is on the north side of Saddleback mountain, in Northwood
thence passing westerly around the base
John's River has
its
principal source in Pondicherry
;
;
of the mountain into Deerfield
;
thence in a southerly direction
through Nottingham into the north-east corner of Epping, where
it meets the waters of the South branch coming from the northeasterly part of Candia
and southerly portion of Deerfield, through
Raymond, into the westerly part of Epping, where it receives the
waters of Pautuckaway river, flowing from Pautuckaway pond in
Nottingham
its
;
thence
it
pursues an easterly and northerly course to
confluence with the North River branch.
takes a northerly course through Lee
Durham, where
it
;
From
the junction
it
thence south-easterly through
meets the tide water, at Lamprey River village,
�RIVERS IN NEW-IIAMrSHIRE.
590
after a
miles,
meandering course, from its extreme source, of over thirty
and a descent of over 1,000 feet. Its water power is valua-
now improved.
among the mountains
being over 1,500 horse power,
ble,
Mad
River takes
its
rise
in Waterville,
thence flowing southerly through the north-westerly part of Sandwich, the south-easterly part of Thornton, into Campton, where
it
joins the Pemigewasset River.
Mascomy
(or
Mascoma) River has
flowing southerly through Canaan,
in Enfield
;
from thence
it
its
rise in
it falls
Dorchester, thence
into the
Mascomy Lake
runs a westerly course through Leba-
and discharges into the Connecticut, opposite Hartford,
Vermont. The water power is valuable before it reaches the lake,
which has been dammed, and affords a fine reservoir for manufactories along the river from the outlet of the lake.
Its course is about twenty-five miles, and it waters a territory of
over 100,000 acres. From its source to its mouth, it has a fall of
over 600 feet, and an improved horse water power of 2,743.
non,
Magalloway River. See Androscoggin River.
Merrimack River. This is one of the most important
New
England, and
it is
said that
it,
together with
its
rivers in
tributaries,
It is
turns more machinery than any river in the world.
formed by the junction of the Pemigewasset and Winnipiseogee
rivers, at Franklin.
The Pemigewasset has its source in the White
and Franconia Mountains, and
towns
of Lincoln,
Holderness, Ashland,
Sanbornton,
to
passes through, cr
borders the
Woodstock, Thornton, Campton, Plymouth,
New Hampton,
Franklin.
Its
Bridgewater, Bristol, Hill,
most important tributaries are Ba-
Mad, Newfound, Squam, and Smith's Rivers.
It drains the
whole or part of thirty-three towns, covering an area of over 632,
ker's,
000
acres, or nearly
gee River
is
one thousand square miles.
the outlet to Winnipiseogee Lake.
The WinnipiseoIt flows
(and
is
the dividing line) between Laconia and Gilford, and passes into
Lake Winnisquam; from thence between
Tilton and Belmont,
and
through the north-east corner of Northfield, and Southern part of
Tilton, to Franklin.
It waters part or the
whole of sixteen towns,
and, together with the lake, drains a territory of nearly 360,000
acres, or
562 square miles.
the Pemigewasset
it
From
the lake to
its
confluence with
has a rapid descent of about 232
feet,
some of the best and most permanent water power
Hampshire.
nishes
and
in
fur-
New-
�RIVERS IN NEW-HAMPSHIRE.
From Franklin
the
5<Jl
Merrimack runs through
or
touches the
towns of Northfield, Boscawen, Canterbury, Concord, Bow, Pembroke, Hooksett, Gofistown, Manchester, Bedford, Londonderry,
Merrimack, Litchfield,
Hudson and Nashua,
to
Massachusetts
seventy-eight miles; thence, in a north-easterly course, thirtyfive miles, to the Atlantic, at Newburyport.
line,
principal tributaries, in
Its
which discharges
its
New-Hampshire, are Contoocook,
waters on the north line of Concord
between Concord and Pembroke
;
Soucook,
Turkey River, in Bow Suncook,
Piscataquog, in Manchester the Souhegan in Merat Pembroke
rimack and the Nashua, at Nashua.
The large- basin of this river extends from the gorges of the
white and Franconia Mountains, on the north, through the centre
of the State, to its southerly boundary, and reaches nearly to the
eastern and western limits of the State.
It drains, in New-Hamp;
;
;
;
;
about 2,293,000 acres, or 3,582 square miles, the waters com-
shire,
As it has been said,
abundantly with fertile
ing from a part or the whole of 130 towns.
while nature has not endowed this basin
and precious minerals, she has lifted its surface into succesand in places, into lofty peaks, which condense
the vapor of the atmosphere into clouds, and cause them to yield
frequent and copious showers.
These numerous hills with their
interlying valleys, and broad lakes, elevated above the ocean, are
the gatherers and dispensers, continuously, of unmeasured powers
which the skill of man may put in place of animal strength and
muscle, and make subservient to the comfort and wealth of the
community.
soils
sions of hills,
The
utilized -water
amounts
basin
is
power of the Merrimack and its tributaries
and although the area of this
to over 37,500 horse power,
only a
little
over one third of the State,
it
contains over
Not any
more than one half of the available water power is now used.
There are fine privileges on the Merrimack, at Hooksett, Garven's
Falls, between Bow and Pembroke, and Sewell's Falls, in Concord
Babboosuc Falls, on the Souhegan, in the town of Merrimack in
Hillsborough and Henniker, on the Contoocook
at Franklin,
Northfield, Tilton, and Gilford, on the Winnipiseogee, besides
many other powers, on its various tributaries, too numerous to
mention. There are, on the banks of this beautiful river, the cities
of Concord, Manchester, and Nashua, in New-Hampshire, and
170,000 inhabitants, or over one half
its
population.
;
;
;
�RIVERS IN NEW-HAMPSHIRE.
592
Lowell, Lawrence, Haverhill, and Newburyport in Massachusetts,
containing, in the aggregate, a population of 141,849.
Mohawk River
has
its
source in the mountains in Dixville, pass-
through Colebrook and
es west,
land bordering this river
is
falls into
noted for
The
the Counecticut.
its fertility.
Moose River has its rise on the north side of the White Mounnear the town of Randolph, through which it passes, and
tains,
joins the Androscoggin, in Shelburn.
Nashua River has
its
source in Massachusetts, whence
ders in a south-easterly direction, thence
it
mean-
it
takes a northern course
and passes into New-Hampshire, at Hollis, and, thence, through
Nashua, into the Merrimack. Its water power is valuable, at
Nashua, and is generally improved.
Nash's River
thence flowing south, through the
rises in Odell,
western section of Stratford,
it
passes into Northumberland,
Upper Ammonoosuc.
New Found River is the outlet of New Found Lake, and
falls into
and
the
a passage of two miles,
into the
falls
after
Pemigewasset, in Bristol.
Some of
the best water power in the State, is on this river.
Nubanusit River, or Goose Brook, has its source in a pond located in the west part of Hancock and eastern section of Nelson
from thence it flows in a southerly and easterly direction, through
;
several ponds, which have been
At
sive dams.
risville (over
made
large reservoirs, by expen-
the outlet of the last pond, in the village of Har-
twelve hundred feet above tide water), have been
erected four large woolen mills, capable of doing a business of
over $750,000 annually.
From
Harrisville, the river pursues a
south-easterly course, to Peterborough Village, where
the Contoocook,
Nearly
all
feet, in
it
falls into
nine miles.
the manufactories in Peterborough, are on this stream,
which never
in this
making a descent of over 500
a drought.
fails in
Probably no stream, of
its
country (which can be utilized for machinery), has as
valuable and permanent water power, as this river, from
its
size,
much
conflu-
ence, to Harrisville.
Oliver ian River
is
formed of two branches both having their
source in the town of Benton
;
the east branch from the west side of
Moosehillock Mountain, and the north branch from Owl's
Mountain.
Head
These branches unite near the east line of Haverhill,
and thence the main stream passes through the south part of the
town and falls into the Connecticut.
�RIVERS IN NEW-HAMPSHIRE.
Oyster River has
its
after running nearly
593
source in Wheelwright's Pond, in Lee;
whole course through Durham,
its
it
and
meets the
tide water at Durham village, and joins the Piscataqua, near Piscataqua Bridge. At high tides, vessels of considerable burthen can
come up to Durham village. There'are some very good mill-sites
on this river.
Ossipee River has
its rise in
Ossipee Lake, and flows east between
Effingham and Freedom, passes
with Saco River.
Peabody River.
A large
in
Maine and forms a junction
(See Androscoggin River.)
Peqwaivket River, an Indian
two ponds
into
name
of a small river flowing from
Eaton, north into Conway, where
it
joins the Saco.
tract of territory in the vicinity of this river,
Peqwawket many years
Pemigewassct River.
(See
Phillip's River.
w^a called
ago.
(See Merrimack River.)
Upper A^tnmonoosuc.)
Piscataqua River the only large river whose entire course (after
it
receives
its
name)
New-Hampshire, is formed by the juncand deep bed, hollowed out
and partly by the flow of the tide.
in
is
tion of several smaller rivers in a wide
partly by these rivers
The names of these streams, beginning at the north-east, are
Salmon Falls, Cocheco, Bellamy Bank, Oyster, Lamprey, Squamscot, and Winnicut Rivers.
The five last unite their waters in a
The waters of this
large bay between Durham and Greenland.
bay, meet those of Salmon Falls and Cocheco at Hilton's Point, a
few miles below Dover, and after
line
this junction,
proceed in a direct
about ten miles to the Ocean, three miles below Portsmouth.
Few
rivers in their passage of ten miles,
cent appearance.
strong current, so
The
much
river
so,
is
make a more
magnifi-
broad, very deep and moves with a
that in this frigid zone,
it
seldom freezes
banks on either side are moderately high and spread
over with fertile farms and dotted with beautiful farm houses and
other buildings. At Portsmouth, it affords one of the best harbors
over.
Its
on the Continent.
With
its
tributaries,
it
drains a territory, in this
State, of nearly 500,000 acres, comprising a part or
whole of forty-
one towns, in four different counties. Its whole water drainage, including the portion drained in the State of Maine, is over 000,000
acres.
Its
improved water power
is
very valuable, amounting to
9,600 horse power.
Piscataquog River has
its
principal source in the southern part of
�RIVERS IN NEW-HAMPSHIRE.
594
Henniker and north-westerly part of Deering, whence it passes eastand southerly, through Weare, into Gotfstown, where it receives
a considerable tributary coming from Lyndeborough and Frances-
erly
New Boston thence it pursues a south-easterly
and joins the Merrimack in the south-westerly part of Man-
town, through
course,
;
chester, at a point formerly called Piscataquog village.
and
id stream,
Powow River
It is a rap-
some valuable water power.
affords
takes
its
principal source
Great and County
in
ponds, in Kingston, and passes over the south-west part of East
Kingston into South Hampton, thence into Amesbury, Massachusetts, and falls into the Merrimack betweeeu Salisbury and AmesIt furnishes
bury.
Red
some valuable water power at Amesbury Mills.
its source in a pond in the town of Sandwich,
Hill River has
thence running southerly
it
falls into
the Winnipiseogee lake, in
Moultonborough.
Saco River ranks as one of the hfrgest in New-England, but its
rapid descent from the Mountains to the Ocean, renders it not navigable to any extent.
Mountains
It
springs from three sources in the
White
the branch issuing from the south-west side of the
;
mountains, near the old Crawford House, and passing through the
notch,
is
House,
Next
considered the main stream.
to
The Saco
at the
Crawford
nearly 1,903 feet above tide water at Biddeford, Maine.
is
this
is
branch called
the middle or
Ellis'
branch (or Saco)
in Bartlett
to the western part of
aud passes
discharges
Rocky Branch, and beyond
;
thence
it
Conway, thence
the
pursues a southerly course
easterly through
into Maine, thence south-easterly
its
is
These two branches join the main
River.
the towu,
through Maine, and
waters into Saco Bay, after a course of 1GU miles.
It
coming from Waterville, through
Alliany to Conway, and Ossipee River, flowing from Ossipee Lake
nto Maine, near Hiram. As it passes out of the State, it is from
receives the waters of Swift River,
ten to twelve rods wide, with
rush of waters
a rapid
down the mountain
cm rent. Owing
time of heavy rain
known
to rise thirty feet in
Storms this river, in Conway, has been
twenty-four hours.
il
i\\-
It drains
to the rapid
steeps, in
a basin of nearly oS0,000 acres, which
from the whole or part of fifteen towns and locations.
Smith's River rises from several ponds
in
Grafton and Orange;
thence pursuing an easterly course through Danbury, the southern
part of Alexandria and passes into the Pemigewasset, between Bristol
and Hill.
�RIVERS IN NEW-HAMPSHIRE.
505
Salmon Falls or Newichawannock River, the principal branch
its rise in ponds in Wakefield, and forms
the eastern boundary of New-Hampshire, from the north-east corner
of the Piscataqua, takes
of Milton to
its
confluence with the Piscataqua, at Hilton's Point.
on the towns of Milton, Farmington, Rochester, Somersworth, Rollinsfbrd and Dover.
Its waters flow from the whole or
It borders
part of twelve towns, in New-Hampshire, and
Some
over 130,000 acres.
ments
it drains a surface of
of the largest manufacturing establish-
in the State are located
on
this river,
which has an improved
horse water power of over 4,200.
Soucook River has
its
erly part of Gilmanton,
source in three ponds, lying in the south-
whence
it
flows,
in
a southerly course,
through Loudon, receiving several branches, and forms the boundary line between Concord and Pembroke, falling into the Merrimack River below Garvin's Falls.
Souhegan River has its principal source from a pond in Ashburnham, Massachusetts thence it passes through Ashby into New
;
Ipswich, through the north-west corner of Greenville, in a northerly course, thence in an easterly course, through Wilton, Milford,
Amherst, and Merrimack, falling into the Merrimack River.
Babboosuc Brook, flowing from a pond of the same name in Amherst, becomes a tributary, in Merrimack.
It drains a part or the
whole of eleven towns, comprising an area of about 150,000 acres,
having an improved water power of 2,300. (See Merrimack.)
Spiggot River takes its rise in Hampstead, and the south-east part
of Derry, whence it flows southerly, through Salem and Methuen,
Massachusetts, and joins the Merrimack in the city of Lawrence.
Squamscot River.
Suncook River
(See Exeter.)
a pond between Gilford and Gilmanton,
near the summit of one of the Suncook Mountains, elevated 900
feet above its base.
The water from this pond, passes through two
rises in
others at the foot of the mountains, thence
it
flows a southerly
course, through the north easterly part of Gilmanton, to Barnstead
Center
;
thence westerly, through Pittsfield, edge of Chichester,
Epsom, and between the towns of Allenstown and Pembroke, and
falls into the Merrimack, near Suncook village.
It is about thirty
miles in length, and its waters flow from thirteen towns, and drain
a surface of over 130,000 acres. Its improved water power is about
Little Suncook has its source in Northwood and Deerfield,
2,975.
from seven ponds and flows west, through Epsom, into the Suncook.
�QUADRUPEDS, BIRDS AND FISHES.
596
Sugar River. Sunapee Lake is the principal source of Sugar
Flowing from the Lake, in a westerly direction, through
Sunapee into Newport, it receives the waters of the South Branch,
thence flowing in a
coming from Lempster, Goshen, and Unity
northerly direction, by the course of the river, about three miles,
it unites with the North Branch, having its source in the towns of
Springfield, Grantham and Croydon thence turning and running
River.
;
;
westerly thirteen miles, through
into the Connecticut.
From
Newport and Claremont,
it
empties
the lake to the Connecticut, by the
meandering course of the river, is about twenty-five miles, with a
The Sugar, with its tributaries, turns over 120
fall of over 500 feet.
water wheels, and has an improved horse water power, of nearly
any more than half of its power improved. With
its water power is considered as permavaluable, in proportion to its size, as that of any river
3,000, with not
the reservoir of the lake,
nent and as
in the State.
It drains a surface of over
180,000 acres, and
its
waters flow from
part or the whole of twelve towns.
Sugar,
(See town of Charlestown.)
Little.
Stvift River.
(See Saco Paver.)
Warner River.
(See Contoocook River.)
Winnipiseogee River.
(See Merrimack.)
QUADRUPEDS, BIRDS AND FISHES.
"When our forefathers first commenced to settle this State, the
abounded with numerous wild animals, both large and small,
of which the black and brown bear, catamount, wild-cat and large
grey wolf were the most ferocious. With the exception, occasionforests
ally, of
a straggling wild cat none of these animals are
in the southern portion of the State
heavy
;
but the bears
still
now found
hold pos-
mountain ranges, reaching from the Ossipce Mountains north to Canada line, and appear
Bordering these heavy forests,
quite as plenty as forty years ago.
the farmers find it not very lucrative business to raise sheep, by
session of the
tracts of forests of the
reason of bears devouring parts of their flocks and scattering the
remainder.
A few
wolves
still
wander through the extreme north-
ern section of the State.
In the early settlement, the moose and red deer were quite plenty
�QUADRUPEDS, BIRDS AND FISHES.
The moose are now found,
in all sections of the State.
Umbagog Lake, and
numbers, north of
The beaver and
gions.
otter
so,
around ponds isolated from settlements.
still
quite as pleuty as
The
roost.
— the former
re-
are
only a few being found
The mink,
ferret and red
convenient for the farmer's hen-
raccoon, muskrat, wood-chuck, grey, red, flying, and
striped squirrel, polecat
and rabbit
The porcupine
the State.
is
in small
deer in the mountain
were once numerous
extinct; while the latter are nearly
fox are
597
still
abound
in all sections of
found in the northern portion of the
State in indeciduous tracts of forests.
The raccoon and squirrels
generally have their haunts near human habitations, to feast upon
is
the farmers' cornfields and apple orchards
while the woodchuck
and plucks the young clover
and tender vegetables of the farm and garden.
The eagle, hawk, red and cat owl are the principal birds of prey,
and- the husbandman's chicks and lambs frequently serve them for
a dinner, or a midnight meal. The crow, blue jay and chickadee
are omniverous birds, and many of them stay here through the
winter.
Many species of ducks swarm our lakes, ponds and rivers
through the summer. The loon usually stays near the ocean, but
burrows in the
in the
summer
fields
and
;
pastures,
way to ponds inland eighty
The night-hawk and whippoorwill can be
almost any summer evening. The song of
frequently find their
miles from the sea coast.
heard, in the country,
the whippoorwill
is
hardly ever heard
in the
Partridges and pigeons are
the State.
but the quail are not as common.
and many are
killed every season.
still
northern counties of
plenty in the forests,
Woodcock and
snipe abound,
Various kinds of woodpeckers
still numerous.
Like some of the denizens in our large cities, who visit our mountains, lakes and streams every season, for recreation and health,
the robin, bobolink, sparrow, brown thrush and wood thrush, black-
are
and many other species make their annual
and orchards, and make our wood and mountaiu
bird, pewit, blue bird
visits to
dells
our
fields
resound with their sweet, melodious songs,
to
gladden the
heart of every lover of nature.
Our
lakes,
ponds and streams are
still
well stored with
many
pond perch, horn-pouts, dace and barvel
The mountain ponds and
(or suckers) are the most numerous.
abound with trout, and millions are annually caught
streams still
Much attention has
to serve the tables of the mountain hotels.
kinds of
fish.
Pickerel,
�INDIANS IN NEW-HAMPSHIRE.
598
to stock
our ponds and rivers
Dams, thrown
across our large rivers
been given, for the past few years,
with black bass and salmon.
leading to the ocean, have obstructed the passage of ocean fish up
who annually go to deposit their spawn. Fish ways
the streams,
so as to enable the salmon, shad, etc., to again
have been arranged
make
their
annual
visits to the
source of our rivers, and
hoped that ere long our streams
salmon and shad.
will once
to
it is
be
more swarm with the
INDIANS IN NEW-HAMPSHIRE.
At the time the first settlements were commenced at Portsmouth, in 1623, the estimated number of Indians, then living
within the present limits of New-Hampshire, was 5,000.
small
A
tribe
was planted in the vicinity of Exeter
named Rowls, near Dover
;
another, under a chief,
and a third, the Piscataquas, on -the
banks of the river of that name. The Ossipees lived on the north;
east side of Winnipiseogee,
and around Ossipee Lake, and the Pe-
quawkets, on the upper branches of the Saco River.
The
large
Penacooks occupied the lands on the Merrimack, making Concord and Amoskeag their chief places of resort.
There
tribe of the
wnc
several small tribes, or large communities, which belonged to
the Penacooks, but
river,
At
<
this time, all
ks, or
these
up and down the
lived in various localities,
from Pawtucket Falls, at Lowell, to Winnipiseogee Lake.
the above tribes were subservient to the Pena-
their chief
limits, for
The
sachem, Passaconaway.
protection
against the
Mohawks
tribes
within
of New-York,
formed themselves into a confederacy, distinguished by the name' of
Pawtuckets, of which Passaconaway was the chief head.
In the Connecticut River valley, there were some small tribes,
whose names were unknown, with the exception of the Coos Indians, whose hunting grounds extended over a large portion of Grafion and Coos counties.
These
tribes,
for over fifty years,
tained peaceful relations with the early settlers
quietly passed
roamed
in
away; and
all
;
the evidence that ever the red
the valley of the Connecticut,
is
main-
but they have
all
men
shown by the farmer's
plow turning out portions of their bones, or arrow heads, stone
pestles, and hatchets.
King
Philip's
war commenced
serious trouble the settlers ever
in June, 1675, and was the first
had with the Indians.
With the
�INDIANS IN NEW-nAMPSHIRE.
599
exception of the short Pequot "War in Connecticut, the colonists
had lived with them half a century in profound peace.
In the
minds of the Indians, suspicions and jealousies began to operate
they saw the English settlements extending on every side
their
own hunting grounds were narrowed and they began to be apprehensive they might be eventually dispossessed. Philip, sachem of
;
;
the Wampanoags, who resided at Mount Hope, in Khode Island,
an ambitious, shrewd, and bold man, was the most active instigator of the impending war.
Though Belknap supposes he was hur
ried into
his
is
own
rather by the rash ardor of his young warriors than by
it
preponderance of historical evidence
inclinations, yet the
certainly on the side of the former opinion.
fluence, not only in his
New
own
tribe,
England, he resolved to
deemed
He
intruders.
but
free his
among
Possessing great inall
the Indians in
whom
country from those
he
and had
sent his runners in all directions,
the address to engage in the enterprise most of the tribes in the
region.
who
The Penacooks, on
resisted his. solicitations
the Merrimack, were the only tribe
—
their sachem,
Wonolanset, not hav-
ing forgotten the charge of his father, Passaconaway,
now
dead, to
cultivate the friendship of the white men.
The Ossipees, in Strafford County, and the Pequawkets, on the
Saco River, both included in the name of Northern Indians, ardently engaged in the hostile confederacy. Of the Eastern Indians, as those of
Maine were
called, almost the
whole body came
into the plan with readiness, and, as truth compels us to add, not
without serious provocation,
as,
not long before, the wife of Squan-
Pequawket sachem, was passing on Saco River, with
her infant child in her frail bark canoe, some rude sailors, who
had heard that Indian children could swim as naturally as the
young of brutes, met her and wantonly overset her canoe.
The
child sunk
the mother instantly dived and recovered it but the
do, a noted
;
;
child dying soon after, not only Squando, but the Indians in general,
ascribed
its
death to this brutal treatment.
Their discontents
were inflamed by other provocations received from the eastern
some of whom
set-
must be acknowledged, were unprincipled
men. Philip engaged as his allies most of the tribes in MassachuAn artful plan to enlist the Mohawks in
setts and Rhode Island.
the war proved not only abortive but pernicious to himself.
He
had murdered, it has been said, some of this tribe and left their
bodies unburied in the woods, imagining their brethren would astlers,
it
�INDIANS IN NEW-HAMPSHIRE.
600
cribe the deed to the English,
eracy against them
and be provoked
to join the confed-
but one of the number, who had been
;
left for
dead, unexpectedly recovered, and disclosed to his countrymen the
perfidy of Philip
—a circumstance which
made them
his implaca-
ble enemies.
For some time had the
colonists been apprehensive of hostile de-
signs on the part of the Indians.
by
Their suspicions were confirmed
Sansaman, a Christian Indian,
the following occurence.
whom
Philip suspected of giving intelligence of his plots to the English,
was murdered at
his instigation,
and
his
This act was considered as equivalent
But the
body thrown
to
of this Suite did not suffer as
first settlers
into a pond.
a declaration of war.
much
as in wars
brought on by the French and Canada Indians, years afterwards.
the Merrimack were the Nashuas occupying the
Nashua and the intervals upon the Merrimack, oppomouth of the river, and for some distance along its banks.
The Tribes on
lands on the
site the
The Souhegans,
lived on the Souhegan, occupying the rich inter-
and below the mouth of the SouheThese Indians were often called Natacooks or Nacooks, meaning a clearing, as much of their lands was clea ed. The Namoskeags lived near the falls of the Merrimack, now called Amoskeag,
at the city of Manchester.
vals on the Merrimack, above
gan.
The Penacooks occupied the rich intervals on the Merrimack,
Penacook,* now including Bow, Boscawen, and Concord.
The Winnipesaukies occupied the land in the vicinity of the
Lake of that name.
The Weares, at the outlet of the Lake, was a noted fishing place
at
for the Indians, thence the
The
cooks,
name.
four tribes above mentioned, were subservient to the Penna-
who by
living
upon
fertile soil,
and long under control of a
became the
wise chief (Passaconnaway,) were more intelligent, and
head of a powerful confederacy.
The Falls, from the mouth of the Souhegan, to the mouth of the
Contoocook, proved great fishing grounds for the Indians, at the
right season of the year.
The Namoskeag
doubtless more
Falls, were far the best for securing fish,
fish
were caught here, than at
north of the Pawtucket
* Tin-
word wae formerly
fall,
spelt
all
and
the other falls
at Lowell.
Pennacook, but,
at
tli»>
present time,
it
is
usually spolt
�INDIANS IN NEW-HAMPSHIRE.
601
1
PENACOOK INDIANS.
The Penacook
Indians, as a tribe, always kept good faith with
Passaconaway was the first Sagamore of whom
had any account. The Wheelwright purchase of
land, between the Piscataqua and Merrimack rivers, it is said,
was conveyed, and the deed signed by him.
If that be the fact,
he was a chief Sagamore of all the tribes in this section of New
England as early as 1629. By Hubbard's narrative, he made his
farewell speech to his children and people in 1660, and advised
them to keep good faith with the English.*
Wonolanset succeeded his father, and observed his dying advice
The Penacooks were a warlike tribe, and set in their notions,
and strenuously opposed to the introduction of Christianity among
them, and obstinately refused to pray to God after the manner of
the White Christians.
Before 1670, a party of the Penacooks
went down the river and built a fort at Pawtucket Falls, MassaThey also erected a fort on the east side of the Meirichusetts.
the early settlers.
the English
mack, on Sugar Ball heights,
The
in
Concord.
following interesting lines are part of a beautiful poem,
written and delivered by Mrs.
Abba Woolsou,
at the dedication of
the Board of Trade Rooms, in Concord, Oct. 20, 1873, which related to the
Penacook
tribe
;
Passaconaway, their chief;
the
Mo-
hawks, their deadly foe; Mrs. Dustm's heroic deed, on Dustin's
Island, at the mouth of the Contoocook River,
and the Bradley Monument.
What
in
March, 1697,
haunts beloved stretch beyond!
The sedgy shores of Horseshoe Pond,
And Wattanummun's sluggish brook,
Where once the savage Penacook
Took deadly aim at beast and bird,
And all the silent valley heard
His whizzing arrow, where to-day
Whistles the engine on its way.
How proudly
in this woodland shade
Dwelt the wise chief his tribe obeyed,
How
r
gaily by the river's side
A sachem wed their royal bride,
No
later
muse
shall dare rehearse,
It lives in Whittier's classic verse.
* It
is
stated, in history, that
at the time of his death.
Passaconaway was about one hundred and twenty years of age
�INDIANS IN NEW-HAMPSHIRE.
60?
«
Not always thus with rousing cheer
Of feast and bridal passed their year!
Foes sought the vale of Penacook,
there within the sheltered nook
Sugar-Ball, thick arrows sped,
And hostile Mohawks scalped their dead.
And
Of
No
terms of half-forgotten lore
Were these sweet Indian names of yore
To men who built our meadow-town,
With dusky faces looking down
From wooded heights, to matron's pale
Who
spied the savage in the vale,
And trembled
On
lest the
moon
homesteads blazing
In vain their
should rise
to the skies.
fears, that shaft will tell
Whose granite shows us where they fell
And yonder isle that bears the name
Of her who to its margin came
A pale-faced
captive, nerving there
Her valiant soul to do and dare
The utmost, if its fearful cost
Might give once more her loved and
lost.
There by the stream whose waters flow
As when she heard them long ago,
Listening in terror for a sound
From startled warriors, while the ground
Echoed each foot-fall, and her breath
Seemed warning them of coming death,
There may her sculptured statue rise,
Bearing its witness to the skies,
That courage knows no narrow ban
But brave endeavors to be free
Strong arms ami stronger will should be
Honored in woman as in man.
[The following beautiful poem was written
for,
and read on the occa-
commemoration of the Bi-Centennial Settlement of the
of New-Hampshire, by the New-Hampshire Historical Society, at
sion of the
State
the State Capitol, Concord,
May
22, 1873.]
�NEW-HAMPSHIRE.
603
NEW-HAMPSHIRE.
EDNA DEAN PROCTOR.
"A goodly realm!" said Captain Smith,
Scanning the coast by the Isles of Shoals,
While the wind blew fair, as in Indian myth
Blows the breeze from the Land of Souls
Blew from the marshes of Hampton spread
Level and green that summer day,
And over the brow of Great Boar's Head,
From the pines that stretched to the west away;
And sunset died on the rippling sea,
Ere to the south, with the wind, sailed he.
But he told the story in London streets,
And again to court and Prince and king.
"A
truce,"
The north
men
is
cried " to Virginia heats
;
the land of hope and spring!"
And
in sixteen hundred and twenty-three,
For Dover meadows and Portsmouth river,
Bold and earnest they crossed the sea,
And the realm was theirs and ours forever!
Up from
the floods of Piscataqua,
Slowly, slowly they
made
their
way
Back to the Merrimack's eager tide,
Poured through its meadows rich and wide;
And
the river that runs like a joyous brook
Monadnock's darling, the Contoocook;
And westward turned for the warmer gales
And
And
the wealth of Connecticut's intervales;
Winnipesaukee's tranquil sea,
in hills and bright with isles
Where the alder grows and the dark pine tree,
And the tired wind sleeps and the sunlight smiles
Up and on to the mountains piled,
Peak o'er peak, in the northern air,
Home of streams and of winds that wild
Torrent and tempest vale-ward bear,
Where the Great Stone Face looms changeless, calm
As the Sphinx that couches on Egypt's sands,
And the fir and the sassafras yield their balm
to
Bosomed
Sweet as the odors of Morning lands.
Where
While
And
the eagle floats in the
his
comrade clouds
the waters
fill
summer
noon,
drift, silent, by,
with a mystic tune
The
fane the difts have built to the sky!
And, beyond, to the woods where the huge moose browsed,
And
the
dun deer drank
at the rill
unroused
�NEW-HAMPSHIRE.
604
By hound
or horn, anrl the partridge brood
Was alone in the leafy solitude
And the lake where the beaver housed her young,
And the loon's shrill cry from the border rung,
The Lake whence
the Beauteous River flows,
by Canadian snows.
What were the Labors of Hercules
To the toils of Heroes such as these?
Guarding their homes from Savage foes
Cruel as fiends in craft and scorn
Felling the forest with mighty blows;
Planting the meadow plots with corn
Hunting the hungry wolf to his lair
Trapping the panther and prowling bear;
Bridging the river; building the mill
Where the stream had leapt at its frolic will
Rearing, in faith, by sorrow tried,
The church and the school-house, side by side
Fighting the French on the long frontier,
From Louisburg, set in the sea's domains,
To proud Quebec and the woods that hear
Its fountains fed
Ohio glide
to the sunset plains;
And when
rest
Risking their
and comfort they yearned to
all to
see,
be nobly free
Honor and love for the valiant dead!
With reverent breath let their names be
read,
Hiltons, Pepperels, Sullivans, Weares,
Broad is the scroll the list that bears
Of men
As ever
and brave, and true
knew,
And women of pure and glowing lives,
Meet to be hei-oes' mothers and wives!
For not alone for the golden maize,
And the fishers' spoils from the teeming bays,
And the treasures of forest, and hill, and mine
They gave their barks to the stormy brine,
as ardent,
land, in
its peril,
Liberty, Learning, righteous
Shone
Of
the
in the vision they
Age
Law
dimly saw
come and
the Land to be
Heaven, fervently
They labored and longed through the dawning gray
For tin' blessed break of that larger day!
to
And. looking
When
Came
to
the wail of
Harvard
in sore distress
to their ears
through the wilderness,
Harvard, the hope of the Colonies twain
Planted with prayers by the lonely mainIt
was
loyal, struggling,
Portsmouth town
�NEW-HAMPSHIRE.
605
That sent this gracious message down
" Wishing our gratitude to prove,
And the country and General Court to move
For the infant College beset with fears,
(Its loss an omen of ill would be!)
We promise to pay it, for seven years,
Sixty pounds sterling, an annual sum,
Trusting that fuller aid will come,
And the Court and the country heard their plea,
And the sapling grew to the wide-bowed tree.
And when a century had fled,
And the war for freedom thrilled with dread
Yet welcome summons every home,
By the lire-lit hearth, 'neath the starry dome,
1 '
They vowed
that never their love should wane
For the holy cause they burned to gain,
Till right should rule, and the strife be done!
List to the generous deed of one
In the Revolution's darkest days
The Legislature at Exeter met;
Money and men they fain would raise,
And despair on every face was set
As news of the army's need was read
Then, in the hush, John Langdon said
" Three thousand dollars have I in gold;
For as much I will pledge the plate I hold;
Eighty casks of Tobago rum
All is the country's. The time will come,
If we conquer, when amply the debt she'll pay
If we fail, our property's worthless." A ray
Of hope cheered the gloom, while the Governor said
" For a regiment now, with Stark at its head!"
And the boon we gained through the noble lender
Was the Bennington Day and Burgoyne's Surrender!"
:
;
and weary quest,
Hid in their hallowed graves they rest;
Nor the voice of love, nor the cannon's roar
Wins them to field or fireside more
Did the glory go from the hills with them?
Conflict over
Nay
And
!
for the sons are true to the sires
gems they have set in our diadem
Burn with as rare and brilliant tires
And the woodland streams and the mountain
Sing of the father's fame with theirs!
One, in the shadow of lone Kearsarge
the
Nurtured
Of
for
power, like the fabled charge
the Gods, by Pelion's
woody marge
;
airs
�606
NEW-HAMPSHIRE.
So lofty his eloquence, stately his mien,
That could lie have walked the Olympian plain
The worshiping, wondering crowds had seen
Jove descend o'er the feast to reign!
And One, with a brow as Balder's fair,
And his life the grandeur of love and peace;
Easing the burdens the race must bear,
Toiling for good he might not share,
Till his white soul found its glad release!
And one— a
tall
Corinthian column,
Of the Temple of Justice prop and pride
The judge unstained, the patriot tried,
Gone to the bar supernal, solemn,
Nor left his peer by Themis side
Ah! when the Old World counts her Kings,
1
And from
splendor of castle and palace brings
The
dainty Lords her Monarchies mould,
We'll turn to the hills and say, " Behold
Webster, and Greeley, and Chase, for three
Princes of our Democracy!"
Land of
the cliff, the stream, the pine,
Blessing and honor and peace be thine!
Still may thy giant mountains rise,
Lifting their snows to the blue of June,
And the south wind breathe its tenderest sighs
Over thy fields in the harvest moon
And the river of rivers, Merrimack,
Whose current never shall faint nor lack
!
While the lakes and the crystal springs remain,
Welcome the myriad brooks and rills
Winding through meadows, leaping from hills
To brim
That
its
thrill
banks
and fly
waiting wheels
dash and roar
for the
to its
Till the rocks are passed,
Over
its
tide
and the sea-fog
steals
by Newbury's shore!
For the river of rivers is Merrimack,
Whether it foams with the mountain rain.
Or toils in the mill race, deep and black,
Or, conqueror, rolls to the ocean plain!
And
still
may
the
hill,
the vale, the glen,
Give thee the might of heroic men,
And the grace of women pure and fair
As the Mayflower's bloom when the woods are bare;
And Truth and Freedom aye find in thee
Their surest warrant of victory!
Land of fame and of high endeavor,
Strength and glory be thine forever
�CONSTITUTION OP NEW-HAMPSHIRE.
CHAPTER
VIII.
New-Hampshire Congressional, Councilor, and Senatorial
and Legislative Officers Governor vote of the State in
1872 and 1873; Governors of New-Hampshire since 1680; Justices of the
higher Courts of New-Hampshire, since 1776; Wheelwright Deeds; Cities
and Towns in the United States of 6,000 inhabitants and upwards.
Constitution
Districts
-
607
;
of
;
State
;
CONSTITUTION OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE.
Tlie Constitution of Neiv-Hampshire, as altered and amended by a convention of delegates held at Concord, in said State, by adjournment, on the
second Wednesday of February, 1792.
PART
FIRST.
BILL OF RIGHTS.
Article 1. All men are born equally free and independent; theregovernment of right originates from the people, is founded in
fore, all
consent, and instituted for the general good.
Art. 2. All men have certain natural, essential and inherent rights;
among which are the enjoying and defending lift* and liberty acquiring,
possessing and protecting property and, in a word, of seeking and obtaining happiness.
Art. 3. When men enter into a state of society they surrender some
of their natural rights to that society, in order to insure the protection
of others; and without such an equivalent the surrender is void.
Art, 4. Among the natural rights, some are in their very nature unalienable, because no equivalent can be given or received for them. Of
this kind are the rights of conscience.
Art. 5. Every individual has a natural and unalienable right to worship God according to the dictates of his own conscience and reason and
no subject shall be hurt, molested or restrained in his person, liberty or
estate, for worshipping God in the manner and season most agreeable to
the dictates of his own conscience, or for his religious profession, sentiments or pei-suasion provided he doth not disturb the public peace, or
disturb others in their religious worship.
Art. 6. As morality and piety, rightly grounded on evangelical prin-'
ciples, will give the best and greatest security to government, and will
lay in the hearts of men the strongest obligations to due subjection; and
as the knowledge of these is most likely to he propagated through a
society by the institution of the public worship of the Deity, and of
—
—
;
;
�CONSTITUTION OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE.
608
public instruction in morality and religion therefore, to promote those
important purposes, the people of this State have a right to empower,
and do hereby fully empower, the Legislature to authorize^ from time
to time, the several towns, parishes, bodies corporate, or religious societies within this Slate, to make adequate provision, at their own expense, for the support ami maintenance of public, protestant teachers of
piety, religion and morality:
Provided, notwithstanding, That the several towns, parishes, bodies
corporate, or religious societies, shall at, all times have the exclusive
right of electing their own public teachers, and of contracting with them
for their support and maintenance. And no person, of any one particular religious sect or denomination, shall ever be compelled to pay
towards the support of the teacher or teachers of another persuasion,
sect, or denomination.
And every denomination of Christians, demeaning themselves quietly,
and as good subjects of the State, shall be equally under the protection
of the law and no subordination of any one sect or denomination to
another shall ever be established by law.
And nothing herein shall be understood to affect any former contracts
made for the support of the ministry but all such contracts shall remain and be in the same state as if this constitution had not been made.
Akt. 7. The people of tins State have the sole and exclusive right of
governing themselves as a free, sovereign and independent State, and
do, and forever hereafter shall exercise and enjoy every power, jurisdiction and right pertaining thereto, which is not or may not hereafter
be by them expressly delegated to the United States of America, in
;
;
;
Congress assembled.
Akt. 8. All power residing originally
in, and being derived from the
people, all the magistrates and officers of government are their substitutes and agents, and at all times accountable to them.
Art. 9. Jfo office or place whatsoever in government shall be hereditary
the abilities and integrity requisite in all not being transmissible
to posterity or relations.
Akt. 10. Government being instituted for the common benefit, protection and security of the whole community, and not for the private
interest or emolument of any one man, family or class of men
therefore, whenever the ends of government are perverted, and public liberty
manifestly endangered, and all other means of redress are ineffectual,
the people may. and of right ought to, reform the old or establish a. new
government. The doctrine <>f non-resistance against arbitrary power
and oppression is absurb, slavish, and destructive of the good and
happiness of mankind.
Akt. 11. All elections ought to be free, and every inhabitant of the
State, having the proper qualifications, has equal right to elect and be
elected into office.
Akt. 12. Every member of the community has a right to be protected
by it in the enjoyment of his life, liberty, and property. He is therefore
bound to contribute hi- -hare in the expense of such protection, and to
yield his personal service when necessary, or an equivalent.
Bui no
part of a man's property shall be taken from him or applied to public
OSes, without his own consent, or thai of the representative body of the
people.
Nor are the inhabitants of this State controllable by any other
laws than those to which they, or their representative body, have given
—
;
their euii sent,
ART. 1.'!. No person who is conscientiously scrupulous about the lawfulness of hearing arms, shall he compelled thereto, provided he will
pa\ an equivalent.
Art. 14. Every subject of this State is entitled to a certain remedy,
by having recourse to the laws for all injuries he may receive in his
person, property or character, to obtain right and justice freely, without
�CONSTITUTION OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE.
609
being obliged to purchase it; completely, and without any denial;
promptly, and without any delay; conformably to the laws.
AitT. 15. No subject shall be held to answer for any crime or offense
until the same is fully and plainly, substantially and formally described
to him; or be compelled to accuse or furnish evidence against himself.
And every subject shall have a right to product; all proofs that may 1x3
favorable to himself; to meet the witnesses against him face to race,
and to be fully heard in his defense by himself and counsel. And no
subject shall be arrested, imprisoned, despoiled, or deprived of his
property, immunities or privileges, put out of the protection of the law,
exiled or deprived of his life, liberty or estate, but by the judgment of
law of the land.
subject shall be liable to be tried, after an acqnital, for
the same crime or offense. Nor shall the Legislature make any law
that shall subject any person to a capital punishment (excepting for the
government of the army and navy, and militia in actual service) without trial by jury.
Art. 17. In criminal prosecutions, the trial of the facts in the vicinity
where they happen is so essential to the security of the life, liberty and
estate of the citizen, that no crime or offense ought to be tried in any
other county than that in which it is committed; except, in cases of
general insurrection in any particular county, when it shall appear to
the judge of the superior court that an impartial trial can not be had in
the county where the offense may* be committed, and upon their report,
the Legislature shall think proper to direct the trial in the nearest county in which an impartial trial can be obtained.
Art. 18. All penalties ought to be proportioned to the nature of the
offense.
No wise Legislature will affix the same punishment to the
crimes of theft, forgery, and the like, which they do to those of murder
Where the same undistinguishing severity is exerted
and treason.
against all offenses, the people are led to forget the real distinction
in the crimes themselves, and to commit the most flagrant witb as
little compunction as they do the lightest offenses.
For the same
reason a multitude of sanguinary laws is both impolitic and unjust;
the true design of all punishments being to reform, not to exterminate
his peers, or the
Art.
16.
No
mankind.
Art. 19. Every subject has a right to be secure from all unreasonable
searches and seizures of his person, his houses, his papers, and all his
possessions. Therefore, all warrants to search suspected places, or arrest
a person for examination or trial, in prosecutions for criminal matters,
are contrary to this right if the cause or foundation of them be not preand if the order, in a warviously supported by oath or affirmation
rant to a civil officer, to make search in suspected places, or to arrest
one or more suspected persons, or to seize their property, be not accompanied with a special designation of the persons or object of search,
and no warrant ought to be issued but in cases and
arrest or seizure
with the formalities prescribed by law.
Art. 20. In all controversies concerning property, and in all suits
between two or more persons, except in cases in which it has been
heretofore otherwise used and practiced, the parties have a right to trial
by jury; and this method of procedure shall be held sacred unless, in
cases arising on the high seas, and such as relate to mariners' wages,
the Legislature shall think it necessary hereafter to alter it.
Art721. In order to reap the fullest advantage of the inestimable
privilege of the trial by jury, great care ought to be taken that none but
?ualitied persons should be appointed to serve; and such ought to [be]
ally compensated for their travel, time, and attendance.
Art. 12. The liberty of the press is essential to the security of freedom
in a State; it ought, therefore, to be inviolably preserved.
Art. 23. Retrospective laws are highly injurious, oppressive and un;
;
�CONSTITUTION OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE.
610
No
just.
such laws, therefore, should be made, either for the decision
of civil causes, or the punishment of offenses.
Art. 24. A well regulated milithh is the proper, natural and sure defense of a State.
Art. 25. Standing armies are dangerous to liberty, and ought not to
be raised or kept up, without the consent of the Legislature.
Aht. 26. In all cases, and at all times, the military ought to be undei
strict subordination to, and governed by, the civil power.
Art. 27. No soldier, in time of peace, shall be quartered in any house
without the consent of the owner; and in time of war such quarters
ought not to be made but by the civil magistrate, in a manner ordained
by the Legislature.
Art. 28r No subsidy, charge, tax, impost or duty shall be established,
fixed, laid, or levied, under any pretext whatsoever, without the consent
of the people, or their representatives in the Legislature, or authority
derived from that body.
Art. 29. The power of suspending the laws, or the execution of them,
ought never to be exercised but by the Legislature, or by authority derived therefrom, to be exercised in such particular cases only as the
Legislature shall expressly provide for.
Art. 30. The freedom of deliberation, speech and debate, in either
house of the Legislature, is so essential to the rights of the people, that
it can not be the foundation of any action, complaint or prosecution, in
any other court or place whatsoever.
Art. 31. The Legislature shall assemble for the redress of public
grievances, and for making such laws as the public good may require.
Art. 32. The people have a right, in an orderly and peaceable manner, to assemble and consult upon the common good, give instructions to
their representatives, and to request of the legislative body, by way of
petition or remonstrance, redress of the wrongs done them, and the
grievances they Buffer.
Akt. 33. No magistrate or court of law shall demand excessive bail or
sureties, impose excessive fines, or inflict cruel or unusual punishment.
Aut. 34. No person can in any case be subjected to law-martial or
to any pains or penalties by virtue of that law, except those employed in
the army or navy, and except the militia in actual service, but by authority of the Legislature.
Akt. 35. It is essential to the preservation of the rights of every individual, his life, liberty property, and character, that there be an imparIt is the
tial interpretation of the laws and administration of justice.
right of every citizen to be tried by judges as impartial as the lot of
humanity will admit. It is, therefore, not only the best policy, but for
the security of the rights of the people, that the judges of the supreme
judicial court should hold their offices so long as they behave well;
subject, however, to such limitations pn account of age as may be provided by the constitution of the State; and that they should have honorable salaries, ascertained and established by standing laws.
Aut. 3fi. Economy being a most essential virtue in all States, especially in a young one, no pension should be granted but in considei
of actual Services; and such pension ought to be granted with great
caution by the Legislature, and never for more than one year at a time.
Ai;r. :*7. In the government of this state, the three essential powers
thereof, to wit, the legislal ive, executive and judicial, ought to be kept,
as separate from, and independenl of each other, as the nature of a free
government will admit, or as is consistent with that chain of connection that binds the whole fabric of the constitution in one indissoluble
bond of union and amity.
Akt. 38. A frequent recurrence to the fundamental principles of the
constitution, and a constanl adherence, to justice, moderation, temperance, industry, frugality, and all the social virtues, are indispensably
�CONSTITUTION OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE.
611
necessary to preserve the blessings of liberty and good government.
ought, therefore, to have a particular regard to all those
principles in the choice of their officers and representatives: and they
nave a right to require of their law-givers and magistrates an exact ana
constant observance of them in the formation and execution of the laws
necessary for the good administration of government.
The people
PART SECOND.
FORM OF GOVERNMENT.
The people
inhabiting the territory formerly called the Provineo
of New-Hampshire, do hereby solemnly and mutually agree with each
other to form themselves into a free, sovereign and independent body
politic, or State, by the name of The State of New-Hampshire.
1.
2.
GENERA! COURT.
The supreme legislative power within the State shall be vested in
Senate and House of Representatives, each of which shall have a
the
negative on the other.
3.
The Senate and House shall assemble every year, on the first Wednesday of June, and at such other times as they may judge necessary, and
shall dissolve and be dissolved seven days next preceding the said
first Wednesday of June, and shall be styled The General Court of
Nt ic-Hampshire.
4.
The General Court shall forever have full power and authority to
erect and constitute judicatories and courts of record, or other courts, to
be holden in the name of the State, for the hearing, trying and determining all manner of crimes, offenses, pleas, processes, plaints, actions,
causes, matters and things whatsoever, arising or happening within this
State, or between or concerning persons inhabiting, or residing, or
brought within the same, whether the same be criminal or civil, or
"whether the crimes be capital or not capital, and whether the said pleas
be real, personal, or mixed, and for the awarding and issuing execution
thereon. To which courts and judicatories are hereby given and granted
full power and authority, from time to time, to administer oaths or affirmations for the better discovery of truth in any matter in controversy,
or depending before them.
5.
And farther, full power and authority are hereby given and granted to the said General Court, from time to time, to make, ordain and
establish all manner of wholesome and reasonable orders, laws, statutes,
ordinances, directions, and instructions, either with penalties or without,
so as the same be not repugnant or contrary to this Constitution, as they
may judge for the benefit and welfare of this State, and for the governing
and ordering thereof, and of the»subjects of the same, for the necessary
support and defense of the government thereof, and to name and settle
annually, or provide by fixed laws, for the naming and settling of all
civil officers within this State; such officers excepted, the election and
appointment of whom are hereafter in this form of government otherwise provided for; and to set forth the several duties, powers and limits of the several civil and military officers of this State, and the forms
of such oaths or affirmations as shall be respectively administered unto
them for the execution of their several offices and places, so as the same
and also_ to impose
be not repugnant or contrary to this Constitution
and to impose and
fines, mulcts, imprisonments, and other punishments
levy proportional and reasonable assessments, rates and taxes upon all
the inhabitants of, and residents within the said State; and upon all estates within the same; to be issued and disposed of by warrant under
the hand of the Governor of this State for the time being, with the advice and consent of the Council, for the public service, in the necessa;
;
�CONSTITUTION OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE.
G12
ry defense and support of the Government of this State, and the protection and preservation of the subjects thereof, according to such acts as are
or shall be in force within the same.
6.
And while the public charges of government, or any part thereof
shall be assessed on polls and estates in the manner that has heretofore
een practiced; in order that such assessments may be made with equality, there shall be a valuation of the estates within the State, taken anew
once in every five years at least, and as much oftener as the General
1
Court
shall order.
No member
of the General Court shall take fees, be of counsel, or
act as advocate in any cause before either branch of the Legislature; and
upon due proof thereof such member shall forfeit his seat in the Legis7.
lature.
8.
The doors of the galleries of each House of the Legislature shall be
kept open to all persons who behave decently, except when the welfare
of the State, in the opinion of either branch, shall require secrecy.
HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES.
There
shall be in the Legislature of this State a repi*esentation of the
people, annually elected, and founded upon principles of equality; and
in order that such representation may be as equal as circumstances will
admit, every town, parish, or place entitled to town privileges, having
9.
one hundred and fifty ratable male polls, of twenty-one years of age and
upward, may elect one representative; if four hundred and fifty ratable
polls, may elect two representatives
and so proceeding in that proportion, making three hundred such ratable polls the mean increasing num;
ber for every additional representative.
10.
Such towns, parishes, or places as have less than one hundred and
ratable polls shall be classed by the General Court for the purpose of
choosing a representative, and seasonably notified thereof. And in every
class formed for the above mentioned purpose, the first annual meeting
shall be held in the town, parish or place wherein most of the ratable polls
eside and afterward in that which has the next highest number, and so
on annually by rotation, through the several towns, parishes or places
forming the district.
11.
Whenever any town, parish or place entitled to town privileges
as aforesaid, shall not have one hundred and fifty ratable polls, and be
so situated as to rentier classing thereof with any other town, parish or
place very inconvenient, the General Court may, upon application of a
majority of the voters in such town, parish or place issue a writ for
their electing and sending a representative to the General Court.
12.
The members of the House of Representatives shall be chosen annually, in the month of March, and shall be the second branch of the
Legislature.
13.
All persons qualified to vote in the election of senators shall be
entitled to vote within the district where they dwell, in the choice of
representatives.
II.
Every member of the House of Representatives shall be chosen
fifty
i
;
bj ballot;
and fortwoyears atleastnext preceding his election, shall
havebeen an inhabitant of this State, [shall have an estate within the
district which he may lie chosen to represent, of the value of one hundred
pounds, one half of which to be a free hold, whereof he is seized in his
own
right]* shall be at the time of his election an inhabitant of the
town, parish or place he may be chosen to represent; shall be of the Prareligion, and shall cease to represent such town or parish or placo
immediately on his ceasing to be qualified as aforesaid.
"'.
The members of both Houses of the Legislature shall be compensated for their services out of the treasury of the State, by a law made
il
1
* Soo
Amemluieuts
�CONSTITUTION OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE.
for that purpose
without license.
16.
be
;
613
such members attending seasonably, and not departing
All intermediate vacancies in the House of Representatives may
from time to time, in the same manner as annual election- a
tilled,
•
made.
17.
State,
The House of Representatives shall be the grand inquest of the
and all impeachments made by them shall be heard and tried by
the Senate.
18.
All money bills shall originate in the House of Representatives,
but the Senate may propose or concur with amendments, as on oth< r
bills,
19.
The House
selves, but
of Representatives shall have power
no longer than two days at a time.
to adjourn
them-
20.
A majority of the members of the House of Representatives shall
be a quorum for doing business; but when less than two thirds of Hi
representatives elected shall be present, the assent of two thirds OfthoE
members shall be necessary to render their acts and proceedings valid.
21.
No member of the House of Representatives or Senate shall be
arrested or held to bail on mesne process, during his going to, returning from, or attendance upon, the Court.
22.
The House of Representatives shall choose their own Speaker,
appoint their own officers, and settle the rules of the proceedings in their
own House; and shall be judge of the returns, elections and qualifications of its members, as pointed out in tins constitution. They shall
have authority to punish by imprisonment every person who shall be
guilty of disrespect to the House in its presence by any disorderly and
contemptuous behavior, or by threatening or ill treating any of its members; or by obstructing its deliberations; every person guilty of a breach
of its privileges in making arrests for debt, or by assaulting any membi r
during his attendance at any session in assaulting or disturbing any
one of its officers in the execution of any order or procedure of the
House; in assaulting any witness or other person ordered to attend, by
and during his attendance of the House, or in securing any person arrested by order of the House, knowing them to be such.
23.
The Senate, Governor aud Council, shall have the same powers in
like cases; provided that no imprisonment by either, for any offense exceed ten days.
24.
The journals of the proceedings, and all public acts of both houses
of the Legislature, shall be printed and published immediately after every adjournment or prorogation; and upon motion made by any one
member, the yeas and nays upon any question shall be entered on the
journal; and any member of the Senate or House of Representatives
shall have aright, on motion made at the same time for that purpose,
to have his protest or dissent, with the reasons, against any vote, resolve
or bill passed, entered on the journal.
i
•
;
SENATE.
25.
The Senate shall consist of twelve members, who shall hold tin ir
office for one year from the first Wednesday of June, next ensuing their
election.
26.
And that the State may be equally represented in the Senate, the
Legislature shall from time to time, divide the State into twelve districts, as nearly equal as may be, without dividing towns and unincorporated places; and in making this division they shall govern themselves by the proportion of direct taxes paid by the said districts, and
timely make known to the inhabitants of the State the limits of each
district.
27.
The free holders
as in this constitution is
a senator, at some
and other inhabitants of each district, qualified
provided, shall annually give in their votes for
meeting holden in the month of March.
�CONSTITUTION OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE.
614
28.
The Senate shall be the first branch of the Legislature, and the
Senators shall be chosen in the following manner: namely, every
male inhabitant of each town and parish with town privileges, and
places unincorporated, in this State, of twenty-one years of age and
upward, excepting paupers and persons excused from paying taxes at
their own request, shall have a right, at the annual or other meetings
of the inhabitants of said towns and parishes, to be duly warned and
holden annually forever in the month of March, to vote in the town or
parish wherein he dwells, for the senator in the district whereof he is a
member.
29.
Provided nevertheless, That no person shall be capable of being
elected a senator who is not of the Protestant religion [anil seized of a
freehold estate in his own right of the value of two hundred pounds, lying within the State]* who is not of the age of thirty years, and who shall
not have been an inhabitant of this State for seven years, immediately
preceding his election, and at the time thereof he shall be an inhabitant
of the district for which he shall be chosen.
30.
And every person qualified as the constitution provides, shall be
considered an inhabitant, for the purpose of electing and being elected
into any office or place within this State, in the town, parish and plantation where he dwelleth and hath his home.
31. And the inhabitants of plantations and places unincorporated, qualified as tins constitution provides, who are or shall be required to assess
taxes upon themselves toward the support of government, or shall be
ta xed therefor shall have the same privilage of voting for senators in the
plantations and places wherein they reside, as the inhabitants of the respective towns and parishes aforesaid have. And the meetings of such
plantations and places for that purpose shall be holden annually in the
month of March, at such places respectively therein as the assessors
thereof shall direct which assessors shall have like authority for notifying the electors, collecting and returning the votes as the selectmen
and town-clerks have in their several towns by this constitution.
''•2.
The meetings for the choice of Governor, Council, and Senators,
shall be warned by warrant from the selectmen, and governed by a
moderator, who shall in the presence of the selectmen (whose duty it
shall be to attend), in open meeting, receive the votes of all the inhabitants of such towns and parishes present, and qualified to vote for senators
ami shall in said meetings, in presence of the said selectmen and
of the town-clerk in said meetings, sort and count the said votes, and
make a public declaratian thereof, with the name of every person voted
for, and the number of votes for each person; and the town-clerk shall
make a fair record of the same at large, in the town book, ami shall
make out a, fair attested copy thereof, to be by him sealed up and directed io the Secretary of the State, with a, superscription expressing the
purporl thereof; and the said town-clerk shall cause such attested copy
1" be delivered to the sheriff of the county in which said town or parish
shall lie, thirty days at least before the first Wednesday of June, or to
the Secretary of the Slate at least twenty days before the Said first
Wednesday of June; and the sheriff of each county, or bis deputy, shall
deliver all such certificates by him received into the Secretary's office,
at least twenty days before the first Wednesday of June.
And that there may be a, due meeting of senators on the first
Wednesday of June annually, the Governor, and a majority of the
Council for the time being, shall, as soon as may be, examine tile returned copies of Mich records, and fourteen days before the first
Wednesday of June, he shall issue his summons to such persons as appear to be chosen senators by a majority of votes, to attend and take
,
;
:
'''
]
-
*
See Amendments.
�CONSTITUTION OF NE^Y-HAMPSIIIRE.
615
their seats on that day; Provided, nevertheless, that for the first year the
said returned copies shall be examined by the President and the majority of tile Council then in office; and the said President shall in like
manner notify the persons elected to attend and take their seats accordingly.
34. And in case there shall not appear to be a senator elected by a
majority of votes for any district, the deficiency shall be supplied in the
following manner: namely, the members of the House of Representatives, and such senators as shall be declared elected, shall take the
names of the two persons having the highest number of votes in the
district, ami out of them shall elect, by joint ballot, the senator wanted
for such district; and in this manner all such vacancies shall he filled
in every district of the State; and in like manner all vacancies in the
Senate, arising by death, removal out of the Slate, or otherwise, shall
be supplied as soon as may be, after such vacancies happen.
35.
The Senate shall be final judges of the elections, returns, and
qualifications of their own members, as pointed out in this constitution.
36. The Senate shall have power to adjourn themselves, provided
such adjournment do not exceed two days at a time.
Provided, nevertheless, That whenever they shall sit on the trial of
any impeachment, they may adjourn to such time ami place as they
may think proper, although the Legislature be not assembled on such
day. or at such place.
37. The Senate shall appoint their president and other officers, and
determine their own rules of proceedings. And not less than --veil
members of the Senate shall make a quorum for doing business;
and when less than eight senators shall be present, the assent of
five, at least, shall be necessary to render their acts and proceedings
valid.
38. The Senate shall be a court, with full power and authority to
hear, try and determine all impeachments made by the House of Representatives against amy officer or officers of the State, for bribery, corruption, mal-practice, or mal-administration in office; with full power
to issue summons or compulsory process for convening witnesses before
them; but previous to the trial of any such impeachment, the members
of the Senate shall respectively be sworn truly and impartially to try
And
and determine the charge in question, according to evidence.
every officer impeached tor bribery, corruption, mal-practice, or malattested copy of the
administration in office, shall be served with an
impeachment, and order of Senate thereon, with such citation as the
Senate may direct, setting forth the time and place of their sitting to
try the impeachment; which service shall be made by the sheriff, or
such other sworn officer as the Senate may appoint, at least fourteen
days previous to the time of trial; and such citation being duly served
and returned, the Senate may proceed in the hearing of the impeachment, giving the person impeached, if he shall appear, full liberty of
producing witnesses and proofs, and of making his defense by himself
and counsel; and may, also, upon his refusing, or neglecting to appear,
hear the proofs in support of the impeachment, and render judgment
and such judgment
thereon, his non-appearance notwithstanding;
shall have the same force and effect as if the person impeached had appeared and pleaded in the trial.
39. Their judgment, however, shall not extend farther than removal
from office, disqualification to hold or enjoy any place of honor, trust,
or profit, under this State: but the party so convicted shall nevertheless
be liable to indictment,
the laws of the land.
trial,
judgment and punishment, according
to
40. Whenever the Governor shall be impeached, the chief justice of
the supreme judicial court shall, during the trial, preside in the Senate,
but have no vote therein.
�616
CONSTITUTION OP NEW-HAMPSHIRE.
EXECUTIVE POWER.
GOVERNOR.
There shall be a supreme executive magistrate, who shall be
and whose title shall
stjied Governor of the State of New-Hampshire
41.
;
be His Excellency.
42. The Governor shall be chosen annually in the month of March
and the votes for Governor shall be received, sorted, counted, certified,
and returned, in the same manner as the votes for Senators and the
Secretary shall lay the same before the Senate and House of Representatives, on the first Wednesday of June, to be by them examined; and
in ease of an election by a majority of votes through the State, the
choice shall be by them declared and published. And the qualifications of electors of the Governor shall be the same as those for senators
and if no person shall have a majority of votes, the Senate and House
of Representatives shall, by a joint ballot, elect one of the two persons
having the highest number of votes, who shall be declared Governor.
aikI no person shall be eligible to this office unless, at the time of his
election he shall have been an inhabitant of this State for seven years
next preceding, and unless he shall be of the age of thirty years [arid
unless he-shall at the same time have an estate of the value of five hundred pounds, one half of which shall consist of a freehold of his own
right within this State],* and unless he shall be of the Protestant re;
ligion.
43. In cases of disagreement between the two houses with regard to
the time or place of adjournment or prorogation, the Governor, with
advice of Council, shall have a right to adjourn or prorogue the General
Court, not exceeding ninety days at any one time, as he may determine
the public good may require and he shall dissolve the same seven days
before the said first Wednesday of June. And in case of any infectious
distemper prevailing in the place where the said Court at any time is to
convene, or any other cause whereby dangers may arise to the health or
lives of the members from their attendance, the Governor may direct
tin- session to be holden at some other, the most convenient place within
the State.
11. Every bill which shall have passed both Houses of the General
Court, shall, before it became a law, be presented to the Governor; if
he approve, lie shall sign it, but if not he shall return it, with his objections, to that House in which it shall have originated, who shall
enter the objections at large on their journal, and proceed to reconsider
it.
If, after such reconsideration, two-thirds of that House shall agree
to pass the bill, it shall be sent, together with such objections, to the
other House, by which it shall likewise be reconsidered, and if approved by two thirds of that House, it shall become a law. But in all
such cases the votes of both Houses shall be determined by yeas and
nays; and the names of the persons voting for or against the hill shall
be entered on the journal of each Bouse respectively. If any bill shall
not lie returned by the rovernor within five days (Sunday excepted) after
it
-hall have been presented to him, the same shall be a law in like manner as if lie had Signed if unless the Legislature, by their adjournment,
pre\ enl its return, in which case it shall not he a law.
45. Every resolve shall he presented to the Governor, and, before the
same shall take effect, shall lie approved by him or, being disapproved
by him, shall be re-passed by the Senate and House of Representatives,
according to the rules aud limitations prescribed in the case of a bill.
-hi.
All judicial officers, the attorney-general, solicitors, all sheriffs,
coroners, registers of probate, and all officers of the navy, and general
and field officer's of the militia, shall be nominated and appointed by the
;
I
;
* See
Amendment.
�CONSTITUTION OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE.
Governor and Council
;
617
and every such nomination shall be made at
appointment; and no appointment shall
least three days prior to such
take place unless a majority of the Council agree thereto.
47. The Governor and Council shall have a negative on each other,
both in the nominations and appointments. Every nomination and appointment shall be signed by the Governor and Council, and every
negative shall be also signed by the Governor or Council, who made the
same..
48. The captains and subalterns in the respective regiments shall be
nominated and recommended by the field officers to the Governor, who
is to issue their commissions immediately on receipt of such recommendation.
49. Whenever the chair of the Governor shall become vacant by reason of his death, absence from the State, or otherwise, the President of
the Senate shall, during such vacancy, have and exercise all the powers
and authorities which, by this constitution, the Governor is vested with
when
personally present but when the President of the Senate shall
exercise the office of Governor, he shall not hold his office in the Senate.
50. The Governor, with advice of Council, shall have full power. and
authority, in recess of the General Court, to prorogue the same from
time to time, not exceeding ninety days in any one l'ecess of said court;
and, during the sessions of said Court, to adjourn or prorogue it to any
time the two Houses may desire, and to call it together sooner than the
time to which it may be adjourned or prorogued, if the welfare of the
State should require the same.
51. The Governor of this State, for the time being, shall be commander-in-chief of the army and navy, and all the military forces of
the State by sea and land; and shall have full power by himself or by
any chief commander, or other officer or officers, from time to time to
train, instruct, exercise and govern the militia and navy and for the
special defense and safety of this State, to assemble in martial array,
and put in warlike posture the inhabitants thereof, and to lead and conduct them, and with them to encounter, repulse, repel, resist and pursue
by force of arms, as well by sea as by land, within and without the
limits of this State.; and also to kill, slay, destroy, if necessary, and
conquer by all fitting ways, enterprise and means, all and every such
person and persons as shall at any time hereafter, in a hostile manner,
attempt or enterprise the destruction, invasion, detriment, or annoyance
of this State and to use and exercise over the army and navy, and
over the militia in actual service, the law-martial in time of war, invasion, and also in rebellion declared by the Legislature to exist, as occasion shall necessarily require; and surprise, by all ways and means
whatsoever, all and every such person and persons, with their ships,
arms, ammunition, and other goods, as shall in a hostile manner invade
or attempt the invading, conquering or annoying this State; and in fine,
the Governor hereby is intrusted with all other powers incident to the
office of captain-general and commander-in-chief and admiral, to be exercised agreeably to the rules and regulations of the constitution and the
laws of the land Provided, That the Governor shall not at any time
hereafter, by virtue of any power by this constitution granted, or hereafter to be granted to him by the Legislature, transport any of the inhabitants of this State, or oblige them to march out of the limits of the
same, without their free and voluntary consent, or the consent of the
General Court, nor grant commissions for exercising the law-martial in
any case, without the advice and consent of the Council.
52. The power of pardoning offenses, except such as persons may be
convicted of before the Senate, by impeachment of the House, shall be
in the Governor, by and with the advice of Council but no charter of
pardon, granted by the Governoi-, with advice of Council, before conviction, shall avail the party pleading the same, notwithstanding any
;
;
;
:
;
�CONSTITUTION OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE.
618
genera] or particular expressions contained therein, descriptive of the
offense or offenses intended to be pardoned.
53. No officer, duly commissioned to command in the militia, shall
be removed from his office but by the address of both Houses to the
Gevernor, or by fair trial in court-martial, pursuant to the laws of the
State for the time being.
54.
The commanding officers of the regiments shall appoint their adjutants and quartermasters; the brigadiers, their brigade major*; the
major-generals, their aids; the captains and subalterns their non-com-
missioned
officers.
The
division of the militia into brigades, regiments, and compamade, in pursuance of the militia laws- now in force, shall be
considered as the proper division of the militia of this State, until the
same, shall be altered by some future law.
56. No moneys shall be issued out of the treasury of this State, and disposed of (except such sums as may be appropriated for the redemption
of bills of credit or Treasurer's notes, or for the payment of interest arising thereon), but by warrant under the hand of the Governor for the
time being, by and with the advice and consent of the Council, for the
necessary support and defense of this State, and for the necessary protection and preservation of the inhabitants thereof, agreeably to the acts
and resolves of the General Court.
All public boards, the commissary-general, all superintending offi57.
cers of public magazines and stores belonging to this State, and all commanding officers of forts and garrisons within the same, shall, once in
every three months, officially, and without requisition, and at other times
when required by the Governor, deliver to him an account of all goods,
stores, provisions, ammunition, cannon with their appendages, and all
small arms with their accouterments, and all other public property under their care respectively; distinguishing the quantity and kind of each
as particularly as may he; together with the condition of such forts and
garrisons; and the commanding officer shall exhibit to the Governor,
whenrequired by him, true and exact plans of such forts, and of the laud
and mm. or harbor or harbors adjacent.
58.
The Governor and Council shall lie compensated for their services,
from time to time, by such grants as the General Court shall think rea55.
nies,
son aide.
59.
Permanent and honorable
salaries shall be established
by law for
the justices of the superior court.
COUNCIL.
There shall be annually elected by ballot live councilors, for advising the Governor in the executive part of government. The freeholders and other inhabitants in each county, qualified to vote for senators,
shall, Mime time in the month of March, give in their votes foronecouncilor; which vote shall lie received, sorted, counted, certified and re60.
the Secretary's office, in '.he same, manner as the votes for senby the Secretary laid before the Senate and House of Representatives on tic first Wednesday of June.
01.
And the person having a majority of votes in any county shall be
considered as duly elected a councilor; but if no person shall have a
majority of votes in any county, the Senate and House of Representatives -hall take the n allies of the two persons who have the highest number of votes in each county, and not elected, and out of those two shall
elect byjoinl ballot the councilor wanted for each county; and the qualifications for councilor -hall lie the same as for senator.
62,
[f any person thus chosen a councilor shall he elected Governor,
ember df either branch of the Legislature, and shall accept the trust
fir
or if any person elected a councilor shall refuse to accept the office or in
the case of tin; death, resignation, or removal of any councilor out of the
turned
<<>
ators, to
l.i'
m
:
;
�CONSTITUTION OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE.
619
State] the Governor may issue a precept for the election of a now councilor in that county where such vacancy shall happen; and the choice
shall he in the same manner as before directed; and the Governor shall
have full tower ami authority to convene the Council, from time to time
at his discretion and with them, or the majority of them, may and Bhall,
i
;
from time
to time, hold a council for ordering and directing the affairs of
State according to the laws of the land.
63.
The members of the Council may be impeached by the Bouse,
and tried by the Senate for bribery, corruption, mal-practice or mal-administration.
64.
The resolutions and advice of the Council shall be recorded by
the Secretary in a register, and signed by all the members present, agreeing thereto; and this record may be called for at anytime by either
house of the Legislature, and any member of the Council may enter his
opinion contrary to the resolution of the majority, with the reasons for
such opinion.
65.
The Legislature may. if the public good shall hereafter require it,
divide the State into five districts, as nearly equal as may be, governing themselves by the number of ratable polls and proportion of public
taxes; each district to elect a councilor; and in case of such division,
the manner of the choice shall be conformable to the present modi- of
elecrfcm in counties.
66.
And whereas the elections appointed to be made by this constitution on the first Wednesday of June annually by the two houses of the
Legislature, may not be completed on that day, the said elections may
be adjourned from day to day until the same be completed. And the order of the elections shall be as follows: The vacancies in the Senate, if
any. shall be first filled: the Governor shall then be elected, provided
there should be no choice of him by the people, and afterward the two
houses shall proceed to fill the vacancy, if any. in the Council.
tliis
SECRETARY, TREASURER, COMMISSARY-GENERAL, ETC.
secretary, treasurer and commissary-general shall be chosen
by joint ballot of the senators and representatives assembled in one
room.
68.
The records of the State shall be kept in the office of the Secretary and he shall attend the Governor and Council, the Senate and Representatives, in person or by deputy, as they may require.
69.
The Secretary of the State shall at all times have a deputy, to be
by him appointed; for whose conduct in office he shall be responsible;
and in case of the death, removal or inability of the Secretary, his deputy
67.
The
;
shall exercise all the duties of the office of Secretai-y of the State until
another shall be appointed.
70.
The
Secretary, before he enters
upon the business of
shall give bond, with sufficient sureties, in a reasonable
of the State, for the punctual performance of his trust.
sum
his office,
for the use
COUNTY TREASURERS &C.
The county
treasurers and registers of deeds shall be elected by
the inhabitants of the several towns in the several counties in the State,
according to the method now practiced, and the laws of the State Provided nevertheless the Legislature shall have authority to alter the manner of certifying the votes and the mode of electing those officers, but
not so as to deprive the people of the right they now have of electing
71.
:
them.
72. And the Legislature, on the application of the major part of the
inhabitants of any county, shall have authority to divide the same into
two districts for registering deeds, if to them it shall appear necessary;
each district to elect a register of deeds and before they enter upon
the business of their offices, shall be respectively sworn faithfully to
discharge the duties thereof, and shall severally give bond, with suffi;
�CONSTITUTION OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE.
620
cient sureties, in a reasonable sum, for the use of the county, for the
punctual performance of their respective trusts.
JUDICIARY POWER.
commissioned officers shall have by law in
their offices shall be expressed in their respective commissions. All
judicial officers, duly appointed, commissioned and sworn, shall hold
their offices during good behavior, excepting those concerning
there is a different provision made in this constitution Provided, nevertheless, the President,* with consent of the Council, may remove them
upon the address of both houses of the Legislature.
74. Each branch of the Legislature, as well as the Governor and Council, shall have authority to require the opinions of the justices of the superior court upon important questions of law, and upon solemn occasions.
75. In order that the people may not suffer from the long continuance
in place of any justice of the peace, who shall fail in discharging the
important duties of his office with ability and fidelity, all commissions
of justices of the peace shall become void at the expiration of five years
from their respective dates; and, upon the expiration of any commis73.
The tenure
that all
whom
:
sion, the same may, if necessary, be renewed, or another person appointed, as shall most conduce to the well-being of the State.
76. All causes of marriage, divorce and alimony, and all appeal»from
the respective judges of probate, shall be heard and tried by the superior court, until the Legislature shall by law make other provision.
77. The General Court are empowered to give to justices of the peace
jurisdiction in civil causes, when the damages demanded shall not exceed four pounds, and title of real estate is not concerned but with
right of appeal to either party to some other court, so that a trial by
jury, in the last resort, may be had.
78. No person shall hold the office of judge of any court, or judge of
probate, or sheriff of any county, after he has attained the age of seven:
ty years.
79.
No judge of any court, or justice of the peace, shall act as attorney,
or be of'counsel to any party, or originate any civil suit, in mailers
which shall come or be brought before him as judge or justice of the
peace.
80. All matters relating to the probate of wills and granting letters of
administration shall be exercised by the judges of probate, in such
manner as the Legislature have directed, or may hereafter direct; and
the judges of probate shall hold their courts at such place or places, on
such axed days as the conveniency of the people may require, and the
Legislature, from time to time appoint.
81. No judge or register of probate shall be of counsel, act as advocate, or receive any fees as advocate or counsel, in any probate busi
ne-- which is pending or may be brought into any court of probate in
the county of which he is judge or register.
CLERKS OP COURTS.
The judges
of the courts (those of probate excepted) shall appoint
their respective clerks, to hold their office during pleasure; and no
such clerk shall act as an attorney, or be of counsel in any cause in the
court of which he is clerk, nor shall he draw any writ originating a
82.
civil action.
ENCOURAGEMENT OF LITERATURE.
learning, generally diffused through a communibeing essential to the preservation of a free government; and spreading
tiie opportunities and advantages of education through the various parts
83.
Knowledge and
ty,
* Governor, in former priutod editions, but President in the original.
�CONSTITUTION OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE.
621
of the country being highly conducive to promote this end, it shall bo
the duty of the legislators and magistrates, in all future periods of this
government, to cherish the interest of literature and the sciences, and all
seminaries and public schools; to encourage private and public institutions, rewai-ds anil immunities for the promotion of agriculture, arts,
commerce, trades, manufactures and natural history of the
country; to countenance and inculcate the principles of humanity and
general benevolence, public and private charity, industry and economy,
honesty and punctuality, sincerity, and all social affections and generous sentiments among the people.
sciences,
OATH AND SUBSCRIPTIONS
EXCLUSION FROM OFFICES; COMMISSIONS;
WRITS; CONFIRMATION OF LAWS; HABEAS CORPUS; THE ENACTING
STYLE; CONTINUANCE OF OFFICERS; PROVISION FOR A FUTURE REVIS
ION OF THE CONSTITUTION, &C.
;
84.
Any person chosen governor, councilor, senator or representative, military or civil officer (town officers excepted), accepting the
trust, shall, before he proceeds to execute the duties of his office make
and subscribe the following declaration; namely.
I, A, B., do solemnly swear that I will bear faith and true allegiance
to the State of New-Hampshire, and will support the constitutionthere
So help me God.
A. B., do solemnly and sincerely swear and affirm that I will faithfully and impartially discharge and perform all the duties incumbent
according to the best of my abilities; agreeably to
on me as
the rules and regulations of this constitution and the laws of the State
of New-Hampshire. So help me God.
Any person having taken and subscribed the oath of allegiance, and
the same being filed in the Secretary's office he shall not be obliged to
take said oath again.
Provided, always, When any person, chosen or appointed as aforesaid
shall be of the denomination called Quakers, or shall be scrupulous of
swearing, and shall decline taking the said oaths such person shall take
and subscribe them, omitting the word " swear, " and likewise the
words, " So help me God.'''' subjoining instead thereof, " This I do under
the pains and penalties of perjury."
85.
And the oaths of affirmation shall be taken and subscribed by the
Governor, before the President of the Senate, in presence of both houses of
the Legislature, and by the senators and representaves first elected under
this constitution, as altered and amended, before the President of the
State and a majority of the Council then in office, and for ever afterward
and by all other
before the Governor and Council for the time being
officers, before such persons and in such manner as the Legislature
shall from time to time appoint.
86. All commissions shall be in the name of The State of NewHampshire, signed by the Governor, and attested by the Secretary, or
his deputy, and shall have the great seal of the State affixed thereto.
87. All writs issuing out of the clerk's office in any of the courts of
law, shall be in the name of The State of New-Hampshire shall be
under the seal of the court whence they issue, and bear teste of the
chief, first or senior justice of the court; but when such justice shall be
interested, then the writ shall bear teste of some other justice of the
court, to which the same shall be returnable and be signed by the clerk
of such court.
88. All indictments, presentments and informations shaD conclude,
Against the peace and dignity of the State.
89. The estate of such persons as may destroy their own lives shall
not for that offense be forfeited, but descend or ascend in the same manner as if such person had died in a natural way. Nor shall any article
which shall accidentally occasion the death of any person be henceforth
of.
I,
;
;
;
�622
CONSTITUTION OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE.
deemed a deodand, or
in
any wise
forfeited
on account of such mis-
fortune.
90. All the laws
which have heretofore been adopted, used and approved in the province, colony or State of STew-Hampshire, and usually
practiced on in the courts of law, shall remain and be in full force until
altered and repealed by the Legislature; such parts thereof only excepted as are repugnant to the rights and liberties contained in this
constitution: provided that nothing herein contained, when compared
with the twenty-third article in the bill of rights, shall be construed to
affect the laws already made respecting the persons or estates of
absentees.
91. The privilege and benefit of the habeas corpus shall be enjoyed in
this State, in the most free, easy, cheap, expeditious and ample manner,
and shall not be suspended by the Legislature except upon the most
urgent and pressing occasions, and for a time not exceeding three months.
92. The enacting style in making and passing acts, statutes and laws,
shall be, Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives, in
General Court convened.
93. No governor or judge of the supreme judicial court shall hold any
office or place under the authorities of this State, except such as hy this
constitution they are admitted to hold, saving that the judges of the said
court may hold the offices of justices of the peace throughout the State;
nor shall they hold any place or office, or receive any pension or salary
from any other State government or power whatever.
94. No person shall be capable of exercising at the same time more
than one of the following offices in this State namely, judge of probate,
sheriff, register of deeds; and never more than two offices of profit,
which may be held by appointment of the Governor, or Governor and
Council, or Senate and House of Representatives, or superior or inferior
courts; military offices and offices of justices of the peace excepted.
95. No person holding the office of judge of any court, except special
judges, Secretary, Treasurer of the State, Attorney-General, Commisary-General, military officers receiving pay from the continent or
this State, excepting officers of the militia, occasionally called forth on
an emergency, register of deeds, sheriff, or officers of the customs, including naval officers, collectors, of excise and State and continental
taxes, hereafter appointed, and not having settled their accounts with
the respective officers with whom it is their duty to settle such accounts,
members of Congress, or any person holding any office under the United
States, shall at the same time hold the office of Governor, or have a
seat in the Senate or House of Representatives, or Council; but his
being chosen and appointed to and accepting the same, shall operate as
a resignation of their seat in the Chair, Senate, or House of Representatives, or Council, and the place so vacated shall be filled.
No member of fche Council shall have a seat in the Senate or House of
:
Representatives.
96. No person shall ever be admitted to hold a seat in the Legislature,
or any office of trust or importance under this government, who in the
due course of law, has been convicted of bribery or corruption in
obtaining an election or appointment.
97. In all cases when; sums of money are mentioned in this constitution, the value thereof shall be computed in silver at six shillings and
eighl pence per ounce.
98. To the end that there maybe no failure of justice or danger to the
State, by the altera! inns and amendments made in the Constitution, the
General Court is hereby fully authorized and directed to fix the time,
when the alteration and amendments shall take effect, and make the
nece-.-ary arrangements accordingly.*
>
* See Act of
December
14, 1792.
�CONSTITUTION OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE.
G23
99. It shall be the duty of the selectmen and assessors of the several
towns and places in this State, in warning the first annual meetings for
the choice of senators, after the expiration of seven years from the
adoption of this constitution as amended, to insert expressly in the warrant this purpose among the others for the meeting; to wit. to take the
sense of the qualified voters on the subject of a revision of the constitution; and the meeting being warned accordingly, and not otherwise, the
moderator shall take the sense of the qualified voters present as to the
necessity of a revision and a return of the number of votes for and against
such necessity shall be made by the clerk, sealed up and directed to the
General Court at their then next session; and if it shall appear to the
General Court by such return, that the sense of the people of the State
has been taken, and that in the opinion of the majority of the qualified
voters in the State, present and voting at said meetings, there is a
;
necessity for a revision of the constitution, it shall be the duty of the
General Court to call a convention for that purpose; otherwise the
General Court shall direct the sense of the people to be taken, and lien
proceed in the manner before mentioned; the delegates to he chosen in
the same manner and proportioned as the representatives to the General
Com*t; provided that no alterations shall he made in this constitution
before the same shall be laid before the towns and unincorporated places,
and approved by two thirds of the qualified voters present and voting
on the subject.
100. And the same method of taking the sense of the people as to a
revision of the constitution, and calling a convention for that purpose,
shall be observed afterward, at the expiration of every seven years.
101.
This form of government shall be enrolled on parchment, and
deposited in the Secretary's office, and be a part of the laws of the land
and printed copies thereof shall be prefixed to the books containing the
laws of this State, in all future editions thereof.
I
IN CONVENTION,
HELD AT CONCORD THE FIFTH DAY OF SEPTEMBER,
ANNO DOMINI 1792.
The returns from the several towns and unincorporated places being
examined, and it appearing that the foregoing Bill of Rights and Form
of Government, as amended by the convention, were approved by more
than two thirds of the qualified voters present in town meetings, and
voting upon the question, the same are agreed on and established by the
delegates of the people in convention and declared to be the civil Constitution of the State of
New-Hampshire.
SAMUEL LIVERMORE,
President of the Convention.
Attest
John Calfe,
Secretary.
AMENDMENTS.
PROCLAMATION.
Executive Department,
Concord Sept. 16th, 1852.
Be it known, that I, Noah Martin, Governor of the State of NewHampshire, in obedience to the request of the Constitutional Convention, do hereby proclaim to the people of this State, that the const itution of the same is amended by striking from it in part 2d, section
14th, the words, "shall have an estate within the district where he may be
chosen to represent of the value of one hundred pounds, one half of which to
�62-4
CONGRESSIONAL AND COUNCILOR DISTRICTS IN 1873.
a freehold whereof he is seized in his own right ;" and from section 29th
the words, " and seized of a freehold estate in his own right of the value
of a hundred pounds, In ing a- i thin this State;" and section 43d the words,
a?id unless he shall at the same time have an estate of the value offive hundred pounds, one half of which shall consist of a freehold in his own right
within this State.''''
The foregoing property qualifications are stricken out, and the constitution is thus amended by the suffrages of more than two thirds of the
legal voters present in town meeting and voting upon the questions.
[l. S.] Given under my hand, and the seal of the State affixed, at the
Council ( 'haniher. September the sixteenth, A. D., 1852, and of
the independence of the United States of America the seventyseventh.
be
NOAH MARTIN.
By
the Governor
John
L.
Hadley,
Secretary of State.
STATE OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE.
Secretary of State's Office,
Concord, January 21th, 1853.
A true copy of the original
Attest
:
John
L.
Hadley,
)
J
Secretary of State.
CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICTS IN
1873.
New-Hampshire is entitled to three membei-s in the National House
of Representatives, and the State is divided into three districts, as follow:
District
Number One—Rockingham,
Strafford, Belknap,
and Car-
roll counties.
District
District
Number Two—Merrimack and Hillsborough counties.
Number Three— Cheshire, Sullivan, Grafton, and Coos
counties.
COUNCILOR DISTRICTS IN
1873.
divided into five Councilor districts, each of which may
The
choose one Councilor annually.
Council District Number One contains the county of Rockingham,
except the city of Portsmouth and the towns of Gosport. Greenland,
State
is
Hampton, Newcastle, Newington, Newmarket, North Hampton, Rye,
South Newmarket, and Stratliam, and the county of Merrimack, except
the towns of Bradford, Newbury, New-London, Sutton, Warner and
Wilmot.
Council District Number Two contains the county of Strafford, the
county of Belknap, except the towns of New Hampton, Sanbornton, and
Tilton, and the city of Portsmouth, and the towns of Gosport, Greenland Hampton, Newcastle, Newington, Newmarket, North Hampton,
Rye, South Newmarket, and Stratham, in the county of Rockingham.
Council District Number Three contains the county of Ilillsbo
�SENATORIAL DISTRICTS.
G25
rough, except the towns of Antrim, Bennington, Deering, Francestown,
Greenfield, Hancock, Hillsborough, New Boston, and Windsor.
Council District Number Four contains the counties of Cheshire and
Sullivan, the towns of Bradford, Newbury, New Loudon, Sutton, Warner and Wilmot in the county of Merrimack, the towns of Antriu,
Bennington, Deering, Greenfield, Francestown, Hancock, Hillsborough,
New Boston, and Windsor, in the county of Hillsborough, and the town
of Lebanon, in the county of Grafton.
Council District Number Five contains the counties of Coos and Carroll, the county of Grafton, except the town of Lebanon, and the towns
of New Hampton, Sanbornton, and Tilton, in the county of Belknap.
SENATORIAL DISTRICTS.
The
divided into twelve Senatorial Districts, each of which
may elect one Senator to the legislature annually.
Senatorial District Number One contains Durham, Gosport, Green
land, Hampton, Hampton Falls, Newcastle, New ington, \ewmaiket,
North Hampton, Portsmouth, Rye, South Newmarket, and Stratham.
Senatorial District Number Two contains Atkinson, Auburn Brentwood, Candia, Chester, Danville, Deerfield, Derry, East Kingston, Epping, Exeter, Fremont, Hampstead, Kensington, Kingston, Londonderry, Newton, Northwood, Nottingham, Pelham, Plaistow, Raymond,
Salem, Sandown, Seabrook, South Hampton, and Windham.
Senatorial District Number Three contains the city of Manchester.
Senatorial District Number Four contains Allenstown, Bow, Chichester, Concord, Dumbarton, Epsom, Hooksett, Loudon, Pembroke and
State
is
Pittsfield.
Senatorial District
ington, Lee,
Number Five
contains Barrington, Dover, Farni-
Madbury, Rochester, Rollinsford, and Somersworth.
Senatorial District Number Six contains Alton, Barnstead, Belmont.
Brookfield, Canterbury, Center Harbor, Effingham, Gilford, Gilmanton,
Holderness, Laconia, Madison, Meredith, Middleton, Milton, Moulton-
borough, New Durham, New Hampton, Northfield, Ossipee, SanbomSandwich, Strafford, Tamworth, Tilton, Tuftonborough, Wakefield,
and Wolfeborough.
ton,
Senatorial District Number Seven contains Brookline, Fitzwilliam,
Greenville, Hollis, Hudson, Jaffrey, Mason, Nashua, New Ipswich,
Rindge, Sharon, Temple, and Wilton.
Senatorial District Number Eight contains Amherst, Bedford. Bennington, Bradford, Deering, Francestown, Goffstown, Greenfield. HenHopkinton, Litchfield, Lyndeboi*ough, Merrimack, Milford,
niker,
Mount Vernon, New Boston, Peterborough, Warner and Weare.
Senatorial District Number Nine, contains Antrim, Chesterfield, Dublin, Gilsum, Hancock, Harrisville, Hillsborough, Hinsdale, Keene, Marlborough, Nelson, Richmond, Roxbury, Stoddard, Sullivan, Surry, Swanzey, Troy, Westmoreland, Winchester and Windsor.
Senatorial District Number Ten contains Acworth. Alstead, Charlestown, Claremont, Cornish, Croydon, Goshen, Grantham, Langdon. Leb-
�STATE OFFICERS IN NEW-HAMPSHIRE, 1873
626
—
4.
anon, Lempster, Harlow, Newport, Plainfield, Springfield, Sunapee,
Unity, Walpole, and Washington.
Senatorial District Number Eleven contains Alexandria, Andover,
Ashland, Boscawen, Bridgewater, Bristol, Carnpton, Canaan, Danbury,
Lyme, New London, Newbury, Orange, Orford, Piermont, Plymouth, Salisbury, Sutton,
Webster, and Wilmot.
Enfield, Franklin, Grafton, Hanover, Hebron, Hill,
Number Twelve
contains all the towns and places
and the towns of Albany, Bartlett, Bath, Benton,
Bethlehem, Chatham, Conway, Dorchester, Eaton, Ellsworth, Franconia, Freedom, Groton, Hart's Location, Haverhill, Jackson, Landaff,
Lincoln, Lisbon, Littleton, Lyman, Monroe, Rumney, Thornton, Warren, Waterville, Wentworth, and Woodstock.
The Election for the choice of Governor, Councilors, Senators, Representatives to the General Court, and members of Congress, is holden
on the second Tuesday in March, in all the respective towns and voting
Senatorial District
in the county of Coos,
places in the State.
STATE OFFICERS IN NEW-HAMPSHIRE,
1873—4.
Ezekiel A. Straw, Manchester, Governor; Benjamin F. Prescott,
Epping, Secretary of State ; Ai B. Thompson, Concord, Dep. Secretary
of State; Solon A. Carter, Keene, Treasurer; Edward A. Jenks,
Concord, State Printer; John M. Haines, Concord, Adjutant General;
John C. Pilesbury, Concord, Warden of State Prison; John W. Symonds, Franklin, Superintendent of Public Instruction; Nathaniel
Bouton, Concord, State Historian; William H. Kimball, Concord,
State Librarian.
COUNCIL,
District
Number
1,
2,
"
"
"
"
3,
•
1873—4.
Samuel P. Dow, Epping.
John J. Morrill, Gilford.
William P. Newell. Manchester.
Bolivar Lovell, Alstead.
Nathan R. Perkins, Jefferson.
4,
5,
Janitor of State House, Lewis L.
Mower, Concord.
MEMBERS OF CONGRESS, IN
District
Number
2,
"
3,
Austin F. Pike, Franklin.
Hosea
Parker, Claremont.
W
.
STATE SENATE FOR
President,
Clerk,
1873.
William B. Small, Newmarket.
1,
1873.
David A. Warde, Concord.
Luther
S. Morrill,
Concord.
Assistant Clerk, Tyler Westgate, Haverhill.
Boor-Keeper, Zelotus Stevens, Concord.
District
Number
1,
2,
3,
Warren Brown, Hampton
Falls.
Charles Sanborn, Sandown.
George Foster, Bedford.
�STATISTICAL TABLES.
District
"
Number
"
4,
5,
6,
7,
8,
"
"
9,
10,
11,
"
"
12,
627
David A. Warde, Concord.
Edwin Wallace. Rochester.
Otis G. Hatch, Tamworth.
Charles H. Burns, Wilton.
William H. Gove, Weare.
Henry Abbott, Winchester.
Henry A. Hitchcock, Walpole.
Warren F. Daniell, Franklin.
Eleazer B. Parker, Franconia.
ORGANIZATION OF HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES,
1873.
James W. Emery, Portsmouth.
Samuel C. Clark, Gilford.
Speaker,
Clerk,
Assistant Clerk, Charles C. Danforth, Concord.
Chaplain, Rev. Charles L. Hubbard, Merrimack.
Engrossing Clerk, Charles A. Hoitt, Dover.
Sergeant at Arms, Charles H. Roberts, Concord.
} Charles H. Long, Claremont.
Door-Keepers, > Frank G. Moody. Concord.
} Augustus B. Farmer, Bow.
VOTES FOR GOVERNOR, MARCH,
1873,
ROCKINGHAM COUNTY.
i
AND MARCH,
1872.
�628
STATISTICAL TABLES.
ROCKINGHAM COUNTY CONTINUED.
�STATISTICAL TABLES.
629
CARROLL COUNTY CONTINUED
1873.
18T2.
TOWNS.
169
Wolfeborough
.
Total..
187
191
130
253
213
1,772
Wakefield
2M
213
193
67
123
266
Sandwich
Tain worth
Tuftonliorough.
2,098
MO
1
82
14
144
295
233
58
40
238
21 16
143
153
1«6
2T7
1,825
2,043
239
171
140
189
124
14S
3
MERRIMACK COUNTY.
Aliens town
42
70
132
42
102
165
95
121
129
84
1,517
Andover
Boscawen
1,150
1,652
1,228
119
200
66
99
401
356
342
188
123
15
89
169
Bow
Bradford
Canterbury
12'
Chichester
Concord
(ag. vote).
Ward
Ward
Ward
Ward
Ward
Ward
Ward
67
203
140
119
166
111
1
1
2
1
3
94
346
4
5
6
341
323
170
106
99
344
172
7
Dunbarton
Epsom
Franklin
Henniker..
Hill
9(
Hooksett
Hopkinton
142
202
116
Loudon
Newbury
25
New London
124
86
Northfield
89
236
198
257
123
88
121
304
158
68
112
239
198
100
75
129
167
231
113
131
225
Pembroke
147
Pittsfield
205
107
120
153
99
105
4,6221
4.758
Sutton
Warner
Webster
Wilmot
Total.
188
117
113
Amherst
Antrim
191
Bedford
Bennington
Brookline
Deering
Fraucesto wn
Goffstown
Greenfield
Greenville
,
,
,
Hancock
Hillsborough
Hollis
Hudson
,
Litchfield
Lyndeborough
Manchester (ag. vote)
Ward
Ward
1
2
5,132|
5,2701
95
361
179
109
158
241
133
35
147
79
185
204
115
159
57
HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY.
13'
92
157
328
169
91
122
243
203
128
83
148
203
249
115
147
249
64
165
121
154
Salisbury
87
255
197
272
2'
126
28
�630
STATISTICAL TABLES.
HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY CONTINUED.
�STATISTICAL TABLES.
SULLIVAN COUNTY CONTINUED.
G31
�632
GOVERNORS OF NEW-HAMrSHIRE, SINCE 1680.
COOS COUNTY
�JUSTICES OF THE HIGHER COURTS, SINCE 1776.
633
chief magistrates, the Governors being residents of the province. Bewhen the Governor was resident in Massachusetts, the Lt.
fore that,
Governors claimed to be chief magistrates, and often acted as such
the Governor was out of the province.
when
In May, 1775, the Royal Governor withdrew, and the province was
governed by a convention, of which Matthew Thornton was President;
and in January, 1776, a temporary Constitution was adopted under which
Meshech Weare was unanimously elected President of tho Council, and
Chairman of the Committee of
2.
Safety,
till
June, 1784.
Presidents under the Constitution of 1784.
Meshech Weare, Hamp. Falls,. 1784 John Langdon,
John Langdon, Portsmouth, ... 1785 John Sullivan,
John Sullivan, Durham,
1786 Josiah Bartlett, Kingston,
3.
Governors under
the Constitution
1788
1789
1790
of 1792.
Josiah Bartlett,
1792| John Bell, Chester,
John Taylor, Gilman, Exeter, 1794 Benjamin Pierce
John Langdon,
1805'Matthew Harvey* Hopkinton,
1809 Samuel Dinsmoor, Keene,
Jeremiah Smith, Exeter,
1810 William Badger, Gilmanton,
John Langdon,
1812 Isaac Hill, Concord
William Plainer, Epping
1813 John Page, Haverhill,
John Taylor, Gilman
1816 Henry Hubbard Charlestown,
William 'Plumer
.
1828
1829
1830
1831
1834
1836
1839
1842
John H. Steele, Peterboro',
1844
Anthony Colby, N. London,. .1346
Jared W. Williams, Lancaster, 1847
Samuel Dinsmoor, Keene,
1849
. .
.
.
Samuel
Bell, Chester,
1819
Levi Woodbury, Portsmouth,. .1823
David L. Morril, Goifstown,
Benjamin Pierce, Hillsboro',..
. .
4.
1824
.1827
.
.
.
.
Governors under Amendment of Constitution of 1852.
Noah Martin, Dover,
1852! Frederick Smyth, Manchester,
Nathaniel B. Baker, Concord, 1854| Walter Harriman, Warner,
1855,Onslow Stearns, Concord,
Ralph Metcalf, Newport,
18571 James A. Weston, Manchester,
William Haile, Hinsdale,
Ichabod Goodwin, Portsmouth, 1859|Ezekiel A. Straw, Manchester,
Nathaniel S. Berry, Hebron,. .1861jEzekiel A. Straw, Manchester,
Joseph A. Gilmore, Concord, 1863|
.
.
.
.
1865
1867
1869
1871
1872
1873
.
JUSTICES OF THE HIGHER COURTS OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE,
SINCE 1776.
SUPERIOR COURT OF JUDICATURE
Meshech Weare, C.
J.,
Hampton
— 1776 TO 1813.
Falls, Jan. 27, 1776, to
June
19, 1782.
Leverett Hubbard, Portsmouth, Jan, 27, 1776, to 1785.
Matthew Thornton, Londonderry, Jan. 27, 1776, to 1782.
John Wentworth, Salmon Falls, Jan. 27, 1776, to May 17, 1781.
Samuel Livermore, C. J., Holderness, June 21, 1782, to 1790.
Woodbury Langdon, Portsmouth, June 22, 1782, to 1783; Feb., 1786, to
Jan. 1791.
Josiah Bartlett, Kingston, Nov. 14, 1782, to 1790; C. J., Jan. 15, 1790,
to June, 1790.
William Whipple, Portsmouth, June 20, 1783, to 1785.
John Dudley, Raymond, Dec. 1784, to Feb. 1, 1797.
John Pickering, C. J., Portsmouth, July 7, 1790, to Feb. 1795.
�JUSTICES OF THE HIGHER COURTS SINCE 1776.
634
Simeon
March
Olcott, Charlestown, Jan. 25, 1790, to 1795; C. J.,
28,
1795, to 1802.
Timothy Farrar, New-Ipswich, March 18, 1791,
Ebenezer Thompson, Durham, April 3, 1795, to
Daniel Newcomb, Keene, April 6, 1796, to 1798.
Edward St. Loe Livermore. Portsmouth, Feb 6,
Paine Wingate, Stratham, April
4, 1798,
to
January
1803.
1796.
1797, to 1799.
to 1809.
Jeremiah Smith, C. J., Exeter, May 17, 1802, to May, 1809.
Arthur Livermore, Holderness. Dec. 21, 1799, to Sept. 19, 1809; C.
Sept.
19, 1809,
J.,
to June, 1813.
William King, Atkinson, Dover, April 26, 1803, to 1805.
Richard Evans, Portsmouth. June 5, 1809, to 1813.
Jonathan Steele, Durham. Feb. 19, 1810 to 1812.
Clifton Claggett. Litchfield, August 10, 1812 to 1813.
SUPREME JUDICIAL COURT 1813 TO 1816.
Jeremiah Smith. C. J., Exeter, July 12, 1813, to June 1816.
Caleb Ellis, Claremont, July 12, 1813, to June, 1816.
Arthur Livermore, Holderness, July 12, 1813, to June, 1816.
—
SUPREME COURT OF JUDICATURE— 1816 TO
"William Merchant Richardson, C. J., Chester, July
1855.
5,
1816 to
March
23, 1838.
Samuel Bell, Chester, July 5, 1816, to June, 1819.
Levi Woodbury, Francestown, Dec. 9, 1816, to 1823.
Samuel Green, Concord, June 26, 1819, to 1840.
John Harris, Hopkinton, Oct. 6. 1823. to Jan. 5, 1833,
Joel Parker, Keene, Jan. 8, 1833, to June 25, 1838; C.
J.,
June 24, 1848.
Nathaniel Gookin Upham, Concord, Jan.
1,
June
25,
1838, to
Dec.
8,
1833 to Dec.
aged 68.
Leonard Wilcox, Orford, June
1842;
Died
11, 1869.
25, 1838, to Sept. 29, 1840 June 26,
June 18, 1850.
John James Gilchrist. Charlestown, March 17, 1840, to June 26, 1848
C. J., June 26, 1848, to March 16, 1855.
Andrew Salter Woods, Bath, Oct. 2, 1840, to March 30, 1855; C. J.,
;
1848, to
March
30, 1855, to August, 17, 1855.
Ira Allen Eastman, Gilmanton, Aug. 31. 1849, to Aug.
Samuel Dana Bell, Manchester, Aug. 31, 1849, to Aug.
Ira Perley, Concord, June 28, 1850, to October 1, 1852.
17, 1855.
17, 1855.
— 1855 TO 1870.
SUPREME JUDICIAL COURT
Ira Perley, Concord, born Nov. 2. 1799; ap. C. J., July 20, 1855, to
Oct. 1, 1859; reappointed Aug. 1, 1864, to Oct. 1, 1869.
Ira Allen Eastman, Concord, July 20, 1855, to Dec. 1, 1859.
Asa Fowler. Concord, July
20, 1855, to February 23, 1861.
George Y. Sawyer, Nashua, July 20, 1855. November 1, 1859.
Samuel Dana Bell, Manchester, July 20, 1855, to Sept. 23, 1859; C. J.,
Sept. 23, 1859, to August 1, 1864; died Aug. 1, 1868.
J. Everett Sargent, Wentworth, born Oct. 23, 1816; ap. July 5, 1859.
�THE WHEELWRIGHT DEED.
635
Henry A. Bellows, Concord, born Oct. 25, 1803; ap. Sept. 23, 1859;
appointed C. J., Oct. 1, 1869. Died March 11, 1873.
Charles Doe, Dover, born April 11, 1830; appointed Sept. 23, 1859.
George W. Nesmith, Franklin, born Oct. 23, 1800; Dec. 31, 1859, to
Oct. 31, 1870.
William H. Bartlett, Concord, Feb. 23, 1861 died Sept. 24, 1867.
Jeremiah Smith, Dover, born July 14, 1837; appointed Oct. 16, 1867.
Resigned Jan. 1874.
William L. Foster, Concord, born June 1, 1823, ap. Oct. 1, 1869.
William S. Ladd, Lancaster, born Sept. 5, 1830; ap. Oct. 31, 1870.
Ellery A. Hibbard, Laconia, born July 31, 1826; ap. March 17, 1873.
Isaac W. Smith, Manchester; ap. in Feb. 1874.
;
SUPREME JUDICIAL COURT,
1874.
Jonathan Everett Sargent, Concord.
Associate Justices, Charles Doe, Dover William Lawrence Foster, Concord; William Spencer Ladd, Lancaster; Ellery Albee
Chief Justice,
;
Hibbard, Laconia
Isaac
;
Attorney General,
State Reporter.
W.
Smith, Manchester.
Lewis Whitehouse Clark, Manchester.
John Major Shirley, Andover.
ATTORNEY GENERALS FROM
1776
1778
1781
1782
1786
1786
1787
1793
1801
1802
1805
Wyseman
1776.
1806 Samuel Bell, Chester.
1807 William K. Atkinson.
Samuel Livermore.
Wyseman Claggett.
1812 Daniel French, Chester.
1815 George Sullivan.
John Sullivan.
1835 Charles F. Gove, Goffstown.
John Pickering.
1843 Lyman B. Walker, Gilford.
Benjamin West.
John Prentice, Londonderry. 1848 John S. Wells, Exeter.
1848 John Sullivan, Exeter.
Joshua Atherton.
William Gordon.
1863
C. Clark, Manchester.
Mason, Portsmouth. 1872 Lewis W. Clark, Manchester.
Jeremiah
George Sullivan, Exeter.
Claggett.
Wm.
THE WHEELWRIGHT DEED.
deed was considered a
Hampshire and Massachusetts.
This deed pui'ported to have been given to the Rev. John Wheelwright, by four Indian Sagamores in May, 1629, conveying certain territory located in the south-eastern portion of the State, and embracing within its borders the towns of New Market, Exeter, Londonderry, Derry and
For over one hundred years, or up
valid instrument by people both in
to 1800, this
New
other towns. It is the foundation for the early history of the settlements of more than one third of the State prior to 1750.
Since 1800, certain parties in Massachusetts have convinced themselves, that the deed was a forgery, and it is so established by the Massachusetts Historical Society. If their statements are true, that part of
the early history of New Hampshire covered by this deed is a blank,
�THE WHEELWRIGHT DEED.
636
and Exeter, the third
settled
town
in the State, has never
had her true
early history written.
Our
was a
limited information does not warrant us to assert that this deed
valid document, but it stands recorded in the Rockingham
County Records as being a legal instrument. Some persons in this State
have embraced the same views advanced by Dr. Savage, former President of the Massachusetts Historical Society.
In the following article we have advanced a few reasons
may
deed
why
this
nof be valid, notwithstanding other statements to the con-
trary.
Was the deed of four Indian Sagamores to Rev. John Wheelwright,
and others, 17th May 1629, a forgery ?
Hon. James Savage, former President of the Massachusetts Historical
Society says " Before June 13, 1820, I had no more suspicion of the
truth of the deed to Wheelwright and four others of 17 May 1629, than
;
of the charter of 4th March 1628-29, for the coloney of Massachusetts
Bay or any other disputed document."
After 1820, it appears that Mr. Savage became fully convinced that
was a base forgery, and in the appendix
of Winthrop's History of New England, Vol. 1, sets forth his reasons for
thus believing.
In his first argument he says, " No Indian deed, in my knowledge,
the Wheelwright deed of 1629,
have examined many, was ever drawn so long, formal and pre" This deed was, it will be said, drawn by one of the grantees.
But who could have done it in so clerk-like length and beauty, more
than a year before any lawyer, except Thomas Morton of Merry Mount
and
I
cise. "
came to this country " ?
The Rev. John Wheelwright, was
a
man of rare talants
in
any age, had
speculative and liberal ideas believing that church and State should have
noconnection
— which belief cost him his rights as a citizen, within the ju-
Gorges and Mason, had then made a purPlymouth council, of certain territory lying between the
Kennebeck, and Merrimack rivers, August 22, 1622, and the next year,
sent out people to form a colony on the Piscataqua river. Like the
risdiction of Massachusetts.
chase, of the
Plymouth, no doubt but the early settlers in New-Hampwould be more secure to have a permit, in some form,
from the original lords of the soil, and there is little doubt but that the
agents of Mason at the Dover settlement consented and were willing to
have a formal consent from the Indians, of territory already acquired
through grants from the Plymouth Council.
At the date of Wheelwright's deed, there were three small tribes of
Indians living on the banks of the Piscataqua or its branches. Passaconaway was a sagamore of the Pennacook tribe, and lived on the banks
of the Merrimack, near where the city of Concord now stands. The
valley of the Merrimack, at that time, was under the control of the
Penacooks as hunting grounds, &c. As (is termed in these days) a war
first settlers
at
shire thought they
measure for their better protection against the incursions of the Mohawks, a powerful tribe of Indians living on the banks of the Hudson
�THE WHEELWRIGHT DEED.
637
and Mohawk rivers these tribes, with others, formed themselves into
a confederacy under the name of Pawtucket or Pentucket, and Passaconaway was the chief Sagamore. The Weelwright deed contained land
belonging to all these tribes. The Pentucket tribe, of which Runnaawit
;
was chief at the signing of the deed, resided in the vicinity of Lowell,
but was doubtless more under the control of Passaconaway than the
other tribes and no doubt it soon, or was at that time, nearly blended
with the Pennacook tribe, as they had built a fort at Pawtucket Falls,
This clears the objection of Mr. Savage about the Pawtucket
never being heard of after his signing the Wheelwright deed, and
the reason why Passaconaway consented to the sale of Pautucket in the
deed of Haverhill, Mass., in 1642.
Nine years after, when Mr. Wheelwright and followers settled at
Squamscot Falls agreeably to the provisions of the deed, he skilfully
drew up a compact forming the settlers into a body politic and bylaws governing them, and who can doubt his ability to draft that deed,
when they see the judgment he exercised in penning the laws governLowell.
chief's
first settlers of Exeter,
In speaking of the provisions of the deed, Mr. Savage asks " Why
should the Indians require that their grantees shall, within ten years, begin
a plantation at Squamscot Falls, and to avoid contentions amongst them,
should be subjected to the colony of Massachusetts!" As has been said,
the Indians were jealous that their rights of land might be infringed upon, and probably the grantees were asked why they wanted this large
If other
tract, and were obliged to tell what they intended to do with it.
persons should come and settle within the jurisdiction of this grant, this
deed showed they must be amenable to the colony of Massachusetts, and
any one can plainly see that it was not the grantors who required these
provisions; but the grantees. Again Mr. Savage says " The grantees,
five in number, wei'e not heard of for five years." This may be true, but
Many men
it does not invalidate the deed on that account in the least.
in New-Hampshire, to-day, hold deeds of lands in the West who were
never there, and probably never will be
Mr. Savage places great
stress about the witnesses, nine in number, who saw the deed signed,
sealed and delivered. Signed, sealed and delivered does not follow that
the grantors must deliver the deed to the grantees, but to any one who
is considered an agent or attorney for the grantee. Another query is, how
could so many be gathered at Squamscot Falls so far from any settlement in those early days ? If there was one sachem, three witnesses,
and one man to act for the grantees, the deed would be valid, because
there were nine witnesses, and they could have been at Dover, and the
other six saw it signed and delivered by the three other chiefs, but
thoughtlessly kept the same date, which, as Mr. Savage says, was the Sabbath. This may be true, for in these days we have known men who
piously observe the Sabbath day, but forget the day till they are reminded of it by seeing people passing on the way to church. Another
reason why the deed was a forgery is, that Wheelwright was not in this
country till 1636, or seven years after the date of the deed. He might
ing the
—
—
�THE WHEELWRIGHT DEED.
638
have been in Asia through the whole time, but if he had taken possession
at the time stated in the deed it would not have been vititated.
But
" Mrs. Pierson, daughter of
here is what he says on that matter.
" Wheelwright told Cotton Mather, that her father's coming over with
"his family was in the same ship with Mr. Samuel Whiting, the min" ister of Lynn, and others, and he adds of them " who we are all sure
11
This statement may all be true, but it does not necessarily follow that he did not come at another time before his family.
Because there is no record of his being here before 1636, (as Mr. Savage
says there is none) it does not prove that he did not come, but rather the
circumstances in connection with this deed, prove that records in those
days were not kept correct which can be substantiated in hundreds of
In this connection it is only necessary to say that Mr.
other instances.
Savage's principal evidence, Cotton Mather, believed the Wheelwright
deed to be correct, if he did bring his family in 1636,
The next bold statement Mr. Savage makes is this " Of the nine Eng" lish witnesses in whose presence this deed is attested to be signed, seal" ed and delivered the 17th of May, 1629, I believe we may entertain
*'
very strong doubts whether more than one was then in this country."
This is a presumptuous statement, nearly all founded on negative evidence and probabilities, which can always be produced when required,
or predicated on neighborhood gossip, and brought in as proof after all
the men have been dead more than one hundred years.
The only
true facts of any reliance are, that they were here in 1639, and the deed
makes them here in 1629 Here are a few of the grounds upon which he
bases this statement. First, John Oldham came in theAnn, in 1623, to
Plymouth. John Oldham and Richard Vines of which livery of seizin
was given in 1630, in which grant their undertaking to transport fifty
persons thither must imply their presence in England." In those days,
as now, firms have their agents and the man may be in China, still
his business is transacted through his house as if he was in London
and letters may speak as if they had seen the man in London when in
fact, he was in this country at the time.
The above is the way all the
witnesses of this deed are explained away. In 1870, there were living
in other States in this Union, 125,000 persons who were natives of NewHampshire, and what reliance can be placed by letters of the date of
one hundreth part of these people when they left this State, one hundred and fifty years hence and this is the kind of evidence that Mr.
Savage produces to prove that these eight witnesses were in England
when it is said they were here to sign this deed. It is a brittle thread
of evidence to throw away one third of all the early history of NewHampshire that stood undisputed for nearly one hundred years, and
men must have more courage than we allow to ourselves even to
attempt it.
Another strong evidence why this deed is a forgery is, that the Indian
sachem Wehanownowit who signed the deed in 1629, give Wheelwright
and Story another deed of part of the same territory, April 3, 1638. Mr.
Savage asks "why did he give this new deed of this land previously
came
in 1636."
—
�THE WHEELWRIGHT DEED.
There
639
nothing strange in this, especially in those early
to grow uneasy about white intrusions on
their territory and doubtless Wheelwright and his people thought they
would be more secure to take a new grant from this Chief, as he pretended to hold control of all that Wild land. These deeds, under the law,
were never considered worth the paper they were written on, except as
evidences of priority of occupation of territory, which was important in
deciding who first occupied certain territory claimed by the Masonian
granted?
is
The Indians had begun
days.
;
heirs.
Gorges and Mason had a grant of this same
territory, as can be seen, in
they applied for a new grant of the same
territory they had purchased in 1622, as they also did of territory now
comprising the land from Naumkeag River at Salem, Mass., and the
whole of Cape Ann. With much more propriety could the question be
asked, Why did Gorges and Mason require new grants of land purchased seven years before? In the first volume of the New-Hampshire Provincial Records, in speaking of these grants, it says, " the inference is
that all the other grants had failed through some defect; especially was
this the case of the grant of August 10, 1622." Was not the Wheelwright
deed, made six months previous, the cause of their investigations as to
the validity of their deed of Aug. 10, 1622?
The Wheelwright deed first came before the courts and the public in
the case of Allen vs. Waldron, in 1707, and 1708. The heirs of John
Wheelwright, at that time, were living in York County, Maine, and this
deed was doubtless in their possession. How long it was in their hands
before it was placed on file in the York County records is not known, but
a certified copy of this deed was used as evidence in this case but still it
was not recorded till 1713, in this county, and in the Rockingham Records in 1714. Mr. Savage requires to know, why the original deed was
not produced instead of a certified copy? In all of our early settlements,
legal papers were placed on tile; as no books were provided at that early
date to record them in, and copies of these files were suffered to go out
of the office, but not the originals. Doubtless this must be the case of
this deed, for it was not recorded in the books till five years after the
copy was used in the courts. By inquiry any person will find this to bo
true of the early provincial records of New-Hampshire.
In reference to the signatures of the grantors of this deed, Mr. Savage
" But the signing is a remarkable point.
All the six marks are
says.
" different yet not one is an Indian mark. These who are conversant
" with the habits of the aboriginees in this particular know their pride
" is exhibited by animal or other devices on the same principal of human
" nature that led civilized men to the "bost of heraldry" to put family,
" or fancy arms and mottoes on their seals."
In this respect Mr. Savage again makes a presumptuous statement, not
warranted by the true facts in the case. The original deed and the legal copies did or do have the animal or other devices affixed to the respective signatures of the grantors, notwithstanding other statements to
1622,
but
November
17, 1629,
;
the contrary.
�THE WHEELWRIGHT DEED.
640
But the most important evidence introduced by Mr. Savage and other
opponents of the Wheelwright deed, is a letter purporting to have been
written by Walter Neal and Thomas Wiggin to John Mason. This letter is dated at Northam, August 13, 1633, and is relative to surveying
lands in Exeter, Hampton and Portsmouth.
There is another letter
speaking of the same land, nearly word for word, but dated August 13,
1632.
The letter in 1633. is put on file first, but for what reason no one
knows or why two letters are written alike, or why the date should be
one year different.
It appears that these letters may be forged, but no reason can be assigned why such letters were written or what ends can be answered by
them. The dates of these letters indicate that they were written seven
known as Northam six years before Winnecuniwas known as Hampton, and twenty years before Strawberry Bank
was known as Portsmouth, yet these letters speak about the towns of
Hampton, Northam and Portsmouth. It also speaks about Wheelwright
and Exeter. There is evidently something wrong about these letters, but
we are unable to see what connection they have with the validity of the
Wheelwright deed any more than with Dover or Portsmouth. Mr. Savyears before Dover was
;
et
age and other parties aver that
if
these letters are forgeries, the deed
They carry the idea that they were written for
the purpose of sustaining the Wheelwright deed. If these letters had
must
also be a forgery.
ever been introduced in any legal form to prove the authenticity of this
deed by parties in its interest, there would be some grounds for these
statements. But who can honestly believe that persons wishing to sustain the validity of this deed would concoct such blundering letters as
these, for the principal evidence to prove it to be a genuine instrument.
The parties who wrote those letters doubtless knew the history of those
towns quite as well as Mr. Savage, and purposely placed Portsmouth twenty, Northam seven, and Hampton six years before they were ever thought
of, to make it appear ridiculous in the eyes of the public.
Now we ask
in all candor in view of the foregoing facts on this point, if it does not
look more rational that the enemies of the Wheelwright claims drafted
these letters? If there was a purpose in writing these letters to connect
them with the deed, there is no doubt but they were written for the purpose of defeating, rather than sustaining it.
The other arguments advanced by Mr. Savage to destroy the authenticity
of the deed are in form atheistical and deistical, viz. reasoning and interrogatories, and are put on the same grounds that Infidels use to discredit the authenticity of the Bible
such as did Cain marry his sister or how
could he build the city of Enoch in the land of Nod, with no one but himself, wife and son to inhabit it.
Such questions and reasoning without
any common Bense, consideration would entirely destroy, in the minds
—
of the people, the truth of the Bible.
;
They are questions that cannot be
because they are not given. So with any ancient history, it is condensed at every new edition to make room for some of
more modern date. So with the Wheelwright deed. When the question is asked " how could so many witnesses, grantors and grantees be
answered
in detail
�TIIE
WHEELWRIGHT DEED.
641
gathered at Squamscot Falls, so for in the wilderness without roads, &c,
it is better fitting to come from a child or a Bible infidel then from an
acknowledged intelligent man. All we have is this
which has been on record for nearly one hundred and
;
there
fifty
is
years,
a deed
show-
ing that certain grantors give to certain grantees a large tract of land in
Buckingham County.* History has handed down in brief that nearly
mentioned
deed lived at its date, but the full dedays of earthly enjoyment, and
their many hours of deep affliction, no biographer has ever penned.
In summing up all the reasons and arguments of Mr. Savage and others
why the deed is a forgery, in connection with other facts which are sugall the parties
tails
of
in that
all their social relations, their
gested as to
its validity,
we
are led to the following reasoning.
Mr. Savage carries the idea, in the commencement, that the parties
who drafted that deed were men of more than ordinary ability, owing to
its beauty, clerklike length, and its provisional details.
But after this,
his whole arguments go to prove, that the parties connected with this
forged deed (as he calls it) are the most imbecile set of men who ever
made any pretensions to transact business, or to common intelligence.
This deed (as he proves it) was a continuous set of blunders from its
beginning to the end, as to dates and historical facts. He proves satisfactorily to himself that at the purported date of the deed, there was no
man in the country with the talent to draft it, no grantors that could be
present, and that the other twelve persons were not in this country at
the date of
The
its
execution.
time this deed was ever brought into court was in the case
of Allen vs. Waldron, in 1707, and over one hundred years before any attempt was made to prove that it was a forgery. Now if it was a forged deed
it was executed near that date, and for that trial, for at prior trials relative to similar claims it was not produced. If it was a forgery who were
the parties to this rascality?
John Pickering and Charles Story were
the Counsel. Allow that both were base enough to lend their hands to such
iniquity, would they show such ignorance at that date as to the history of
the parties connected with this deed? Would they naturally have had
nothing right and everything wrong? The true facts are, that Mr. Pickering and Mr. Story were well versed in the history of the early settlers
in that section at the date of this trial, and they both had seen many per»sons who lived in the days of Wheelwright and other parties mentioned
in the deed. We ask in all candor and reason, if any unprejudiced person cun fully believe, that these men, knowing the wary counsel they had
first
In 1737-38 when the boundary line was pending between Massachusetts and New-Hainp(which was finally established in 1741,) the authorities of Massachusetts introduced the
Wheelwright deed as evidence to prove that the division line between the two States should
be so established as to include all the territory embraced in this deed, as it mentioned in its provisions that persons living within the limits stated, should be under the jurisdiction of Massa*
Bhire,
chuestts.
These papers are now preserved in the Capitol at Concord, and are pronounced as forgeries by
who once produced them to secure nearly one half million acres of land now owned by
the State,
the State of New-Hampshire.
�THE WHEELWRIGHT DEED.
642
who watched every movement
would have shown such imbecility as to have draft-
to contend with, also the learned court
as the cause progressed
ed a deed and to have all the parties connected with it to be in such a
position as to be impossible to be present when it was executed. They
showed they had some faint history about some of the persons connected
with this deed, for there is no doubt but all of them were once alive, and
lived in New-Hampshire at some date. They must also have known
about Wheelwright at the time of this court, for he was not an obscure
the early history of New-Hampshire or New-England— the oppocounsel knew him well for his name figured in this case. Under
these circumstances does it look reasonable, that Mr. Pickering would
write it himself or allow such a deed to be brought into court as evidence, when the opposite counsel were liable to know it was a forgery?
Men who concoct forgery or counterfeit weigh the matter in all its
bearings, before they commence, and intend it will imitate and appear
genuine. It is seldom they ever make more than one mistake, and that
Mr. Savage attempts to prove that
is generally in the mechanical part.
man in
site
is a total mistake in every respect, and not right
appears like some trials in court where all the evidence
on one side, is so positive on every point that their case becomes weak.
If he had brought sufficient evidence to prove one or two important
points relative to the authenticity of the deed, it might have looked rational, but instead, he proves that there were no grantors, no grantees,
and but one witness out of the nine in this country and that one would not
have signed it that no person had the talent to have written such a deed,
and to cap the climax the 17th day of May was the Sabbath day. There
never was on record, or ever heard of, such a total mistake, and not one
thing right, where deception was intended to be used, as the forgery of
the Wheelwright deed—and the great mystery is that people living over
one hundred years after the transaction, can find out the true dates better than those living at or near the time it is said the forgery was com-
this
Wheelwright deed
in any.
To
us
it
;
mitted.
This deed has been sustained by the cohrts of the State, by Dr. Belknap, by Governor William Plumer, first President of the New-Hampshire Historical Society, Nathaniel Adams, and many others who could
In 1720, the people who settled in Londonderry purbe mentioned.
chased their right of Colonel John Wheelwright who had claim to thi3,
land through this Wheelwright deed, and it now stands recorded as a
legal document. We candidly ask are a majority of the people of Newto lend their hands to have this deed expunged from
the legal records of Rockingham County as a forgery? For over one
hundred years this deed has been considered a genuine document, and
has been an important connecting link in the early history of southern
New-Hampshire. From this deed starts the first history of Exeter, Lon-
Hampshire prepared
donderry, Chester Epping and many other towns in that section of the
State, and it has been sustained by our courts and all our historians up to
1800.
�THE WHEELWRIGHT DEED.
643
—
It may be a forgery as stated by Mr. Savage but before it is fully
dropped from New-Hampshire's early history, there should be stronger
evidence and more conclusive arguments adduced than have yet appeared, in our opinion, for any son of New Hampshire to lend his aid to its
obliteration.*
Since writing the foregoing, relative to the Wheelwright Deed, the
Rev. Dr. Bouton, State Historian, has carefully prepared a paper on this
important subject, and after weighing all the points touching this deed,
he has become fully convinced that it must be a forgery.
We make no issue with Dr. Bouton, for his historical research is far
beyond what we can ever hope to attain. But our only regret is, that
this conclusion has been deferred to so late a period, and that it has not
been placed in the Provincial Records where it rightfully belongs.
* It is to be hoped that before another history of New-Hampshire is written, prominent men
connected with the New-Hampshire Historical Society will fully investigate this question and
decide whether the people of this State can live under this deed, or to have it expunged from the
early records of
New-Hampshire.
�644
STATISTICAL TABLES.
TABULAR STATEMENT
Showing
the population of all the towns
and
cities
6,000 and upwards.
ALABAMA.
in the United States, of
�STATISTICAL TABLES.
MASSACHUSETTS CONTINUED.
POP.
Gloucester
Haverhill
Essex
Essex
Essex
Essex
Essex
Essex
Essex
Essex
Lawrence
Lynn
Marblehead
Newbury port
Pea body
Salem
Chicopee
Holyoke
,
12,595
7.343
24.11'
Hampden
..
Hampden.
..
Springfield
Hampden...
Westfield
Hampden
Northampton
Cambridge
Charlestuwn
Lowell
Natick
Newton
Somerville
Waltham
Woburn
BroQkliue
Dedham
Quincy
"West
..
Hampshire.
Middlesex ..
Middlesex ..
Middlesex ..
Middlesex ..
Middlesex ..
Middlesex ..
Middlesex ..
Middlesex ..
Middlesex ..
Middlesex ..
Norfolk
Norfolk
Norfolk
Norfolk
Norfolk
Maiden
Marlborough
Roxbury
Weymouth
Plymouth
No. Bridgewater... Plymouth
Plymouth
Plymouth
Abiugton
..
..
..
Boston.
Suffolk
Fiteubiirg
Milford
Worcester..
Worcester..
Worcester..
Worcester
15,389
13,092
28,921
28.233
7,7d3
9,60
10,733
26,703
6.519
10,160
39,634
28,323
40,928
7,367
8,474
6.404
12,825
14,68,
9,065
8,560
6,650
7,34:
7,44:
8,683
9,010
9,308
8,007
6,238
250,526
11,200
9,890
41,105
MICHIGAN.
Branch
Calhoun
Calhoun
Genesee
Coidwater
Battle Creek...
Marshall
Flint
Lansing
Jackson
Ingham
,
Kalamazoo ....
Grand Rapids.
Adrian
Ishptmiug
Jackson
Kalamazoo..
Kent
Lenawee
Marquette...
Monroe
Muskegon
Monroe
Muskegon
Pontiac
East Saginaw..
Oakland
Saginaw
Saginaw
Saginaw
Port
Huron
Ann Arbor
Tpsilanti
Detroit
...
St. Clair
Washtenaw.
Washtenaw
Wayne
M 1 N N ESOTA.
St.
Joseph.
Buchanan
Jefferson City
Cole
Kansas City....
Lexington
Hannibal
Jackson
....
Lafayette..
Marion
5,906
7,026
5,909
7,528
6,064
11,447
10,44
18,15
8,438
6,103
6,089
6,403
5.942
11 350
8,464
6,805
8,746
7,032
79,57
645
�646
STATISTICAL TABLES.
NEW-YORK CONTINUED.
COO.NTIES.
Warwick
Orange,
Barre
i
Oswego
Tolney
h leans
Flashing
Hampstead
Newton
North Hampstead
Oyster Bay
Queens
Queens
Queens
Queens
Greenbush
Lansingburgb
Trov
Renssalaer
Renssalaer
Renssalaer
New-Brighton
Middletown
.
...
20.91(1
6J665
Ross
Scioto
Stark
Chiilicothe...
Portsmouth
Canton
,
OREGON.
Richmond
Richmond
.
..
6,804
. .
—
..
Riciimond
...
.
6,2
<-
..
Allegheny
46,4415
9,504
7,495
7,589
5,949
6,412
6,810
8,537
7,516
..
Pittsburgh
Beks
Cambria
Carbon
...
Loi khaven
Meailvil'e
Citnaville
Carlisle
Clinton
Crawford. ...
Crawford.. ..
Cumberland.
Dauphin
Harrisburgh
Chester
7.771
Delaware....
Eric
Erie
luffolk
6,13.
Lancaster
South
Suffolk
6,71.
New Castle.
Owego
Tioga
9,442
Lebanon
Ithaca
Ithaca
Kingston
Tompkins
Tompkins
10.159
10,704
...
...
Wawarsing
Ulster
Ulster
Ulster
Clster
Qneensl ury
Warren
Cortlan.lt
Westchester.
Westchester.
Westchester.
Westchester
Westchester
Westchester.
Westchester.
Westchester
Westchester.
Westchester
East Chester
Greenburgb
Peekskill
Morrisania
0s6iuing
West) bester
West Farms
Yonkers
.
..
Berne
Raleigh
.,
New Hanover.
Craven
Wake
Williamsp.il
,
7 41)1
..
.
6,561
Philadelphia.
Butler
Mahanoy
Springfield
Cleveland.
..
Newburgh.
..
.
.
|
aign...
Clark
tayahoga...
i
Cuyahoga..
Delaware
.
Delaware
Sandusky
...
Erie
Columbus
...
Franklin ....
2
'iiia
Cincinnati...
Bpringneld
..
Bteubenville.
Newark
Toledo
Greene
Hamilton
Hamilton
Pottsville ....
Cornplanter
13,440
5,840
10,149
.
York
Warwick
Newport
North
Piqua
Dayton
.
-Miami
Zanesville. ..
Circleville...
Mansfield....
Pr..\ i.l.n.
iYo\ idence
.•.
Providence
Providence
Providence
11,081
6,103
6.227
6,861
St. Helena.
Charleston
St. .billies
...
ry
Hontgo
Mnskingnm..
Pickaway....
Richland ....
Beaufort
<
.
.
.
lha rleston
,
Colombia.
Fourth ....
TENNESSEE.
Nashville
li.it tanooga.
Knoxville ...
i
Memphis
...
.[Davidson
Hamilton
.
Knox
.
|
....
Shelby...
TEXAS.
San Antonio.
Galveston ...
'Galveston
Sherman
10 ray son.
Houston
....
....
.
,
6,96'
80,478
10,011
6,922
8,029
,
Charleston
Charleston
Richland ..
Richland ...
.
Johns
81,274
8,631
216,23
6,548
8,107
6,698
81,684
10,837
.
SOUTH CAROLINA.
15 632
92,-829
I
.
Licking
Lucas
Mahoning
Venango
fork
RHODE ISLAND.
Kent
New port ..
Pawtucket
Woonsocket
13.011
Jeffei son
Youngstuwn
Philadelphia..
Schuylkill
Schuylkill
Schuylkill
Schuylkill....
,
....
Tamaqua
18.83!
.
Northampton.
,
Providence
Butler
Cham
Montgomery
Monioiir
Easton
19,609
7,798
7,150
6,015
9,372
....
Mercer
Danville
10,79i
..
....
Lycoming
t
Hickory
Nor ris town..
11,694
OHIO.
Hamilton
Urhana
Luzerne
Luzerne
Luzerne
Luzerne
.
Scranton
Wilkesbarre
...
.
Lawrence
Lebanon
Lehigh
Pitts ton
NORTH CAROLINA.
Wilmington
New
Franklin
Lancaster
Lancaster
...
.....
Allentown..
Carbondale
8,464
21,943
10,114
10,455
8,151
8,387
.
Rye
Chambersburg.
Columbia
10,10;
...'....
Blair
Mauch Chunk
6,502
.
Allegheny...
Allegheny...
Allegheny...
Reading
Altoona
Johnstown
11,020
6,236
6 014
10,076
\]le;Jieny
Biniingham
E. Birmingham.
Suffolk
Suffolk
Sau^erties
7,965
6,654
10,59.")
Brookhaven
Huntington
Southampton
Komiout
loom;
Washington.
Wayne
Wooster.
20,274
6,540
Rockland....
Orangetown
Rockland. ...
Baratoga Springs.. Saratoga .....
Saratoga Springs.. Saratoga ....
Schenectady
Schenectady.
Bath
Steuben
Corning
Steuben
Canton
St. Lawrence.
Ogdensburg
St. Lawrence.
Potsdam
St. Lawrence.
lid
8,920
10,592
8,060
,
,
Summit
Akron
14,060 Marietta
,
Richmond
Nqrthfield
Havei -tiaw
COUNTIES.
TOWN'S.
5,736
6.756
Oswego
Oswego
Queens
Castletoii
OHIO CONTINUED.
POP.
I
Bexar
Harris
....
,
....
�STATISTICAL TABLES.
VERMONT.
TOWNS.
G47
��NAMES OF SUBSCRIBERS.
649
NAMES OF SUBSCRIBERS.
The following
a list of persons from fifty-eight cities and towns in
subscribed for the Gazetteer prior to its publication.
Many of these towns have been only partially canvassed, but the sale
has been far beyond our most sanguine expectation. Other names will
follow as soon as received.
the State,
is
who have
ALSTEAD.
Barns, L. A.
Chapin, Rev. Geo. F.
Huntley, E. A.
Kidder, E. P.
Mayo, Geo. A.
Prouty, S. W.
Scott, S.
BATH.
Bedel, Gen. John
Child, Dr. Wni.
Hutchinson, C. C.
Leonard, Geo. C.
Noyes, J. C.
Prescott, A. P.
,
Physician.
Tin & Stove Dealer.
Hadley, E. H.
Bean, Edwin 0.
Blaisdell, Rev. Geo. B.
Clark, Chas. C.
Folsom, Joseph
Gale, N. B.
Hall, Joseph A.
Hall, Josiah
Hill, Solon F.
Kilborn, Fred S.
•
Knowles, Joseph M.
Lamprey, Samuel
Moody, Chas. E.
Morrill, Josiah B.
Morrill, Levi W.
Norris, Chas. H.
Philbrick, Monroe
Ranlet, James E. p.
Sanborn, Frank W.
Sanborn, Geo. H.
Sanborn, Lowell
Young, Herbert T.
Young, Ira
BRADFORD.
Abbott, Mrs. Sarah M.
Bailey, J. C. Undertaker.
Farmer.
Baldwin, Geo. E. R. R. Contractor.
Bates, Samuel Manufacturer.
Bates, R. Horse Dealer.
Blood, H. L. Mechanic.
Buswell, J. F. Merchant Tailor.
Butman, D. D. Farmer.
Brown, C. W. Carpenter.
Carr, Daniel Merchant.
Cheney, Fred Farmer.
Cheney, Chas. M. Farmer.
Clark, N. if. Physician.
Colby, Silas Merchant.
Colby, Harvey
Cressey, Geo. W.
John M.
French, J. E.
BELMONT.
Eugene
Eaton, John H. Farmer.
Eaton, Geo. W. Farmer.
Eaton Joshua Farmer.
Farmer.
Fifield, Wm. B.
Fitts,
Whitcomb, Horace
Bailey,
Cressey, Addison S. Farmer.
Cressy, Charles Farmer.
Durell, Mrs. David
Davis, Chas. F. Farmer.
Dunfield, Geo. T. Farmer.
Eaton, Ira K. Farmer.
Eaton, Marshall Painter.
Eaton, E. H. Farmer.
Farmer.
Blacksmith.
Hall, Isaac E. Farmer.
Hall, Mary
Produce Dealer.
Hall, Oi.
Hartshorn, David H. Farmer.
Hastings, A. J. Book Agent.
Holmes, Susanna
Hurd J. Carl Medicine Manufacturer.
Jameson, Leonard Farmer.
Jameson, Ozias Butcher.
Jones, J. C. Overseer.
Jones, Timothy P. Lumber Dealer.
Jones. T. A. J. Manufacturer.
Marshall, Geo. H. Painter.
Marshall, J. P. Manufng Agent, and Glass
Ware Dealer.
Morgan, Geo. S. Produce.
Morse, Jobn W. Merchant.
Muzzey, Daniel F. Mechanic.
Newton, Sereno
Nichols, George
Shoemaker.
Farmer.
Carpenter.
Peaslee, D. G. Lumber Dealer.
Pierce, Caroline
Russell, John E. Jeweler.
Sawyer, Geo. M. Farmer.
Sawyer, Geo. 0. Merchant.
Smith, J. A. Carriage Mancfacturer.
Osborn, A.
J.
Steele, G. H. Farmer.
Tappan, Mason W. Attorney at Law.
Whitcomb, Parker S. Mechanic.
Woods, John A. Mechanic.
CANAAN.
Barney, A. 0. Merchant.
Carter, Barron Farmer.
Clement, 0. F. Carpenter.
Day, Charles Lumber Dealer.
Fogg, Harrison Farmer.
Fogg, Wallace G. Farmer.
George, A. H. Paper Manufacturer.
Hoit, W. E. Merchant.
Nichols, B. P. Merchant.
Plummer, E. W. Railroad Laborer.
�NAMES OF SUBSCRIBERS.
650
Smith, Elijah Lumber Dealer.
Smith, L. W. Lively and Boarding Stable.
Stocker, P. H. Carriage Maker.
Lumber
Story, Otis J.
Dealer.
Physician.
Tucker. E. M.
Weeks,
J.
Lawyer
D.
'
\\ illia, Nathan
Caipenter.
Woodbury, E. J. Merchant.
Worcester, Hazen F.
r
CANTERBURY.
Ames,
L.
Ayers, B. F.
Battes, A. A.
Battes, L. F.
Battes, Orrin
Boyuton, Rufus
Chandler, J. K.
Cogswell, W. M.
Colby, James
Colby, Lewis
Colby, Leonard
James
Oilman, Mary H.
Glines, Charles
John
Hanaford, A. L.
Heath, Joseph
Higgins, Rev. J. B.
M.
J. 0.
Board of Agriculture.
City Collector.
Sec. of
Wm. H.
W. E. Clerk.
Clough, George
Cogswell, P. B. Editor.
Colby, James B. Conductor C. R. R.
Coming, Charles H. Law Student.
Conger, Everett Clergyman.
Cook, C. L. Insurance Agent.
Cooper, J. A.
Crosby, A. H. Physician.
Curley, Timothy Butcher.
.
Ludlow, Wbitten
Daniel, T. D.
Monmouth, Mrs. Lizzie
Moore, Mathias
Moody, Delbert
Morrill, J. 6.
Osgood, Edward
Parker. J. G.
Pickard, S. C.
Smith. B. II.
Taylor, J. K.
Tilt. .11, Mrs. Ellen E.
Webster, Lucy M.
L.
CHARLESTOWN.
Albee, L. W. Dentist, South Charlestown.
Bai .1. Geo. S.
]i..wker, Geo. H.
Brigge & Co.
Chase Francis
Hubbard, Geo.
Olcott, Geo.
Banderson, S. H.
Wood,
Editor.
Henry A.
Closson,
Kaine, J. S.
Kimball, J. E.
Lougee, Edmund
Wnidden, Thomas
York, 0. W.
Editor.
Ayer, A. R. Dealer in Carpets and Crockery.
Bartley, Joseph D. Prin. of High School.
Batchelder, N. S.
Bean, P. C. Clerk.
Beede, Daniel G. Supt. Public Instruction.
Bixby, P. P. Clerk to State Treasurer.
Blake, S. L. Clergyman.
Booth, W. D. Telegraph.
Brown, John F. Dealer in Books & Stationery
Campbell, H. Register of Deeds.
Carr, N. G. Statesman Block. Jeweller.
Chase, Wm. M. Attorney at Law.
Chesly, James Mason.
Clark, Warren Attorney at Law.
Cleeves, George P. Manufacturer.
Foster, Moody
Foster, N. K.
Mc
J.
CONCORD.
Adams,
Allison,
Dyball, Doc E. P.
Elkius, James S.
Foster, Lyman B.
Hill, Samuel
Ingalls, Daniel
Thomas
Weber, Joseph
Daw,
Glines
Lasier,
Nevers. Henry A.
Parker, H. W. Attorney and M. C.
Robinson, J. W. Insurance Agent.
Rowell, Granville
Roys, Henry
Smith, S. P.
Smith, Wm. M. Dentist.
Physician.
Tolles, N.
Tutherly, W. E.
Wait, G. W. Jeweller.
Waite, Otis F. R. Author.
Way, 0. B. Physician.
Willard,
Currier, \V. M. H.
Davis, S. S.
Daw, Levi
P. W.
Doldt, Rev.
Dutton, N. T.
Graves, L. G. Physician.
Hapgood, E. L. Postmaster.
Jarvis, Samuel G. Physician.
Kempton, L. M. Manufacturer.
Ladd, William
C.
CLAREMONT.
W. H. II. Judge of Probate.
Back. J
Dentist.
Baiby, Win. Grocer.
Baker, Edward D. Attorney at Law.
Allen,
Blgley, W. Henry
Briggs, F. A. Manuf r.
Colby, Ira Jr. Attorney at Law.
Dart. Thomas
Cm rier,
D. Clerk.
Curtis, Silas Clergyman.
Danforth, C. C. Insurance Agent.
Merchant.
Dodge, Frank L. Sheriff.
Davis, C. C.
Dow, Edward
Drake, Alfred
Architect.
Engineer.
Drew, George W.
Sewing Machine Agent.
Farnliam, C. E.
Farrington, Hiram Farmer.
Faunce, D. W. Clergyman.
Foster, William L. Justice of S. J. C.
Fowler, A^a Attorney at Law, 2 copies.
Gale, A. J. Dealer in Boots and Shoes.
Gallanger, J. H. Physician.
Oilman, Wm. Dealer in Boots and Shoes.
Gilmore, Win. H. Editor.
Haines, Geo. P. Book-keeper.
Haines, J. M. Adj. General.
Hall, R.
Proprietor Birch Dale House.
Hall, Samuel B.
Farmer.
Harriman, Walter Navy Agent.
Harris, A. G. Merchant.
Haseltlne, Fred
R. R.
Thomas P. Leather Dealer. 4
P. 0. Clerk.
S. W.
Humphrey, Stillman Hardware Dealer.
Jenks, E. A. Mannger N. II. Statesman.
Hill,
Book,
Johnson, G. B.
Wholesale Shoe Dealer.
�NAMES OF SUBSCRIBERS.
Mechanic.
Dry Goods Dealer.
Butcher.
Dry Goods Dealer.
Kelley, Geo. F.
Kilburn, G. T.
Kilburn, J. C.
Kilburu, J. C.
Kimball, Wm.
Kimball, Wm.
Chase,
Chase,
Chase,
Colby,
State Librarian.
II.
For State Library.
Merchant.
Lancaster, A. C. Clerk in Bank.
Lane, S. G. Attorney at Law.
Lang, J. E. Insurance Agent.
Lawrence, G. E. Manufacturer.
Lovering, J. F.
Clergyman.
Mace, F. P. Clerk.
Marshall, Auson S. Attorney at Law.
McFarland, Asa Former Editor N. H. States-
Knowlton,
II.
E. L.
man.
Moore, C. W. Insurance Agent.
Moore, J. C. Editor.
Mower,
Odlin,
State
L. L.
Nutter, E.
House
Jaintor.
S.
W.
Page, Samuel B. Attorney at Law. 2 Cop.
Parkhurst, Pbin Musician.
Pearson, C. C. Editor.
Pearson, J. II.
Perkins, H. E. Attorney at Law.
Pettengill, C. B. jr. Mechanic.
Pierce, A. C.
Bank.
Mudgett, F. J. Blacksmith.
Osgood, J. C. Clergyman.
Putnam, Rufus
Pillsbury, Oliver
Pillsbury, T. A.
Pond, John
Insurance Commissioner.
Deputy Warden State Prison.
'Mechanic.
Secretary of State.
S.
Prescott. B. F.
Band, H. B. Mason.
Band, H. J. Mechanic.
Rand, J. B. Real Estate Agent.
Richardson,
K.
II.
Webber,
Granite, 4 copies.
Rolle, II. P.
Attorney at Law.
Sanborn, Peter
Sanders, F. L
Mechanic.
Sargent, C. W. Treasurer.
Sargent, Everett J. C. J. S. J. Court, 2 copies.
Scribner, F. B. Cleric.
Seconib, D. F. Melodeon Manufacturer.
Shaw, N. G. Mechanic.
Stevens, James Real Estate Agent.
Stevens, W. E. Editor.
Stevens, Zelotes Marble Worker.
Storrs, Wm. W.
Wm.
Cashier First National Bank.
Thompson, A. B. Deputy Secretary State.
Wales, Geo. W. Horse man.
Walker, J. B. Farmer.
F*.
Warde, D. A. Hardware Dealer.
Webber, B. G. CI rk First National Bank.
Webster, I). S. Job teamster and dealer
wood and lumber.
Tailor.
Woodbury, F. D. Printer.
Wright, W. H. Dealer in Gloves.
CONTOOCOOK.
Bacon, John H. Mason.
Barnes, Geo. A. Farmer.
Barnard, Joseph Lumber Dealer and Farmer.
Batchelder, Sarah
Blaisdell, G. C.
Blake, Charles
Farmer.
J. L.
Physician.
Farmer.
Farmer.
II.
CROYDON.
Austin, Hiram
Barton, Fred
Bartou, W. N. Physician.
Cooper, Lemuel P. Farmer.
Cutting. Alford Farmer.
Davis, James W.
Dodge, Frank
Durkee, Ruel
Farmer.
Fletcher, Geo. K.
Hall, Daniel R.
Hall, Worthen
Hurd, John
Reed, Alonzo Farmer.
Rowell, Emily F.
Rowell, Eugene A.
Ryder, Daniel Farmer.
Warren, Mary E.
DOVER.
in
Wheeler, Giles Architect.
Wiggin, A. H. Periodical Dealer.
Alfred
Farmer.
Richardson, Thomas B. School Teacher.
Sleeper, N. D. Clergyman.
Straw, G.J. R. R. Man.
Taggart, J. L. Farmer.
Tuttle, Jacob S. Farmer.
Upton, Edson Wheelwright.
Mechanic.
Roby, Luther
Woodman,
H. D. Farmer.
Nathaniel C. R. R. Shop.
Orrin Railroad Man.
Geo. W. J. Sash and blinds.
Corliss, Elbridge. Carpenter.
Currier, Amos II. Farmer.
Curtice, G. A. Merchant.
Cutler, Hiram. Farmer.
Danforth, Chas. H. Farmer.
Downs, John H. Carpenter.
Dwinuells, Mrs. Carrie M
Dwinnells, Warren P. Farmer.
Fellows, H. A. Merchant.
Flanders, R. P
Merchant.
Heath, J. A. Jeweler.
Howard, Lewis Clergyman.
Jackman, G. W. Farmer.
Jones, Thomas B. Farmer.
Kelley, Fred'k H. Merchant.
Kempton, Warren Kit Manufacturer.
Kimball, Hannah
Libby Geo. A. Carpenter.
McAlpine, Mrs. Hannah Farmer.
Montgomery, Charles Carpenter.
Montgomery, George Farmer.
Morrill, Ebenezer F'armer.
Morrill, Jacob M. Carpenter.
Morrill, Jonathan M. Dyer.
Pierce, Frank H. Attorney at Law.
Pillsburv, Geo. A. Piesident First National
Thayer,
651
Bedell, Joseph House painter,
paints, oils, &c.
Brigham, E. T. Photographer.
and dealer
in
Brown, Thomas. Clergymau.
Burrough, C. L. Book Binder.
Canney, Enoch Blacksmith.
Caswell, G. W. Job Team
Chamberlain, Edw. B. Pressman at Star Office.
Chamberlain, G. W. Attorney at Law.
Cnapin, D. W. Dining Rooms, fruits and confectionery.
Clarke, G.
W.
Star Office.
Dame, Samuel II. Clerk.
Durkan, John D. Wine Dealer.
Brown, Rodney
Burnham, E. T. Lumber Dealer.
Burnham, J. F. Lumber Dealer.
Burnham, J. M. Lumber Dealer.
Davis D. W. Shoe Finisher.
Drew, Isaac M. Grocer.
Eglin, Adam Carriage Trimmer.
Station Agent.
Emmer.-on, Smith
Burt, Hermon
Chase, Cyrus F.
F'arrar, 0.
R. R. Man.
W. Hoop
Farron, Joseph
Skirts,
Laborer.
Fancy Goods. Ac.
�NAMES OF SUBSCRIBERS.
652
Folsum, G. L. Paints, Oil, Glass.
Foote & Snell, Hardware Dealers.
Ford, Daniel Georgia Ale and BeerManuf r.
Foss, Everett 0. Insurance Agent.
Foster George J. Democrat Office.
Gray,
H.
Jeweler.
Green Thomas I. Upholsterer and Furniture
J.
Dealer.
G rover, F W. Fancy Goods.
Guppy. Geo. Fox Dry Goods.
Guppy. .James Blacksmith.
Haley, Harrison Cash. Cocheco National Bank.
Horse Shoers.
Hall, W. T. & Son
Ham, John R Physician.
Hauscom,
S. 0.
Hayes. Samuel C. Shoe Mauuf'r.
Physician.
Hill, Levi G.
Ilobbs, F. Attorney at Law.
Hodgdon, Lyman Market.
Home,
Jas. A. Jeweler.
Horsch, Carl, F. C. Physician.
Horton, Chas. Book Binder.
Jackson, .James II. Clerk.
Libby,J. T. S. Publisher.
Malvern, Lewis Clergyman.
Mayor.
McDonald, James Grocer.
Mclsaac, John Carriage Manufacturer.
Moulton ACate Stoves, Tin Ware, and Plumbing,
Franklin Square.
Murphy, Charles W. Dentist.
Murray, Frank Saloon.
Nealey, B. Frank Dry Goods,
Page, Jerome B. Book and Job Printer.
Pray, T. J.
Quimby,
W.
Physician.
Cigar Manufacturer.
E. H.
George R. Foster's Dem. Office.
Rndlette, J. H. Carriage and Sleigh ManTr.
Sanders, Arthur K. Clerk.
Sawyer, F. A. & J. M'l'rs of Fancy Woolens.
Sawyer. Thos. B. Attorney at Law.
Smith. C. E. Kimball House.
Smith, John A. New Eng and House.
Spaulding, George B. Clergyman.
Radcliff,
Stackpole, P. A. Physician.
Stewart, I. D. Agent F. Bap. Printing Estab.
Tarr, W. H.
Blacksmith.
IV h, George W. Trader.
Tasker, Charles W. Dentist.
Thurston, James Clergyman.
Webster, H. F. Clerk at C. H. Ricker's.
Wendell, Daniel II. Gen'l Insurance Agent.,
corner Main and School streets.
Wendell, G. W. Auctioneer and Commission
Merchant,
Wiggin, IJ. C. American House.
Wyatt, Oliver Merchant.
ENFIELD.
Bradford, John Elder Church Family.
Bryant, J. F. Merchant.
Burnhani, Silas Farmer.
Clark, D. W.
Hotel Keeper.
Colby, Thomas J. Farmer.
Cox, A. A. Lumber Dealer.
Cummings, D. M. Machinist
Commings, Henry Elder North Family.
Davis. D. L. Hosiery, etc. Manufacturer.
Day. Ezra Farmer.
Dodge, J. W. Hosiery, etc. Manufacturer.
Emerson, A. S. Farmer.
Foster, B. F.
Farmer.
Gates, Esther
Guild, J. E
Parmer.
Huntley, W. G. Blacksmith.
Huse,
E. B.
Hue,
BE.
Johnson,
Johnson,
M hi.
ili
E.
II.
Merchant.
Wood Turner.
H.
J. W.
Wool Broker.
a i,, V. A. L.
Physician.
Nelson, J. M.
Butcher.
Farmer.
Carpenter.
Pillsbury, T. E.
Plummer, A. P.
Purmort, C. W.
Job Printer.
Seabriug, Mary Ann
Shattuce, 0. V. Wheelwright.
Smith. W. F. Farmer.
Stanley, H. B. Jeweler.
Stevens, Ann E.
Stevens, John II. Farmer.
Stevens, J. N. Butcher.
Talbot, Leander U. S. Mail Carrier.
Wells, E. Stone Cutter.
White, Henry Farmer.
Williams. S. Laborer.
Wilson, Wm. Elder 2d Family.
Worthen,
C. S.
Yeaton, Geo. H.
Farmer.
Optician.
EPSOM.
Ayer, D. C. Butcher.
Baker, Rev. J. Clergyman.
Bickford, A. P. Farmer.
Bickloid, M. D. Lumber.
Brown, Oliver Farmer.
Brown, Samuel Farmer.
Brown, Samuel, 2d Farmer.
i, Geo. H.
Shoemaker.
Eastman, Lowell Carpenter.
Evans, Andrew J. Farmer.
Fowler, William Farmer.
Knowles, D. M. Farmer.
Knox, Henry Station Agent, S. V. R. R.
Leigh ton, Z. Farmer.
Martin, Samuel Farmer.
Norris, Mrs. M. J.
Page, S. T. Farmer.
Robinson, J. F. Merchant.
Silver, A. J.
Merchant.
Cnapma
Stewart, Mrs. Mary A.
Taylor, S. A. Physician.
Tenuant.
J. B.
Trippe, Warren Farmer.
Wells. H. 0. Farmer.
Worth, G. R. Shoemaker.
EXETER.
Bachelder, N. T.
Mason.
Bar tie tt, Ezra
Physician.
Blake, A. P. Landlord.
Brown, John B. Jr. Carpenter.
Burleigh, Charles Florist.
Caswell, John K.
Chadwick, John
Teacher.
Conner, Alfred Iron Founder.
Conner, C. G. Clerk of Court.
Conner, William Farmer.
Crockett. F. S. Trader.
Crummett, S. K. Laborer.
Cilley, B. L.
Cutts, George S.
Trailer.
Dow, B. Boot and Shoe Dealer.
Dow, George Farmer.
Earl, George B. Trader.
Elkins, J. P. Trader.
Finn, John Laborer.
Flood, John
Laborer.
Fogg, F. M.
French, Sperry
Teacher.
Joshua Hardware.
Oilman, John Farmer.
Oilman, N. O. Farmer.
Hayes, D. Frank Florist and Farmer.
Hayes, John F. Carpenter.
Hooper, N. Clergyman.
James, Elisha Jr. Millwright.
Keat, Henry Manufacturer.
Kennard, T. L. Inventor and Pattern maker.
Getcholl,
Lamson, Asa
B.
Potter.
�NAMES OF SUBSCRIBERS.
Lane, Charles A. Mill Furnishing.
Ward Carriage Trimmer.
Lord, C. II. Paiuter.
Lovering, J. M. Custom House, Boston.
Mace, Daniel S. Farmer.
Mallon, .1. M. Paiuter.
Marseilles, Charles Pub. of News Letter.
Merrill, A. & Sons Dealers in Wood.
Moses, John F. Dealer in Wool and Shoe
Leavitt, J.
Linings.
Odlin. Charles C. Physician.
Odlin, J. W. Sheriff.
O'Niel, Peter Laborer.
Perkins, S. J. Farmer.
Perry, W. G. Physician.
Puriugton, J. T. Painter.
Ranlet, Daniel W. Merchant.
Shute, Nathaniel
Smith, David Machinist.
Smith, Geo. W. Carpenter.
Smith, John L. Carpenter.
Smith, J. R. Provision Dealer.
Stearnes, Eben L. Teacher.
Stickney, W. W. Lawyer.
Street, George E. Clergyman.
Towle, Levi G. Landlord.
Young, Charles W. Carpenter.
Wadleigh, John W. Farmer.
Watson, Irving Jailor.
Webster, Abby R. P.
Weston, George W. Register of Deeds.
Wetherell, George W. Carpenter.
Wiggin, George W. Insurance Agent.
FISHERVILLE.
Amsden, Abby F.
Amsden, Chas. H.
Furniture Manufacturer.
Bonney, H. Hotel.
Brown, David A. Bookeeper.
Brown, II. II. & Sons. Cotton Manufacturers.
Brown, J. S. Cotton Manufacturer.
Butler, N. Attorney at Law.
Cary M. W. Milkman.
Colburn, John A. Harness Maker.
Gage, Isaac Saw Manufacturer.
Gage, John C. Manufacturer of Lumber.
Hall, L. K. Merchant.
Hardy, Martha B.
Hastings, J. F. Harness Maker.
Holmes, J. S. Land Surveyor.
Thomas Furniture.
Jewett, W. M. R. Clergyman.
Kimball. D. F.
Igo,
Lamprey, M. S. Photographer.
Linnaham, John C. Grocer.
Moore,
Noyes,
J. II.
Machinist.
S. G.
Merchant.
Trainer, P. II. Carpenter.
Wilmar, Fred
Miller.
FRANCESTOWN.
Barrett, Cyrus Wheelwright.
Belcher, Lyman
Bixhy, J. T. Desk Manufacturer.
Bradford, P. B. Pres. First National Bank.
Byxbv, D. P. Box Manufacturer.
Campbell, II. F. Clergyman.
Coehrau, R. J. Farmer.
Colburn, E. W. Builder and Draftsman.
"
Colburn, J. L. Clerk.
Dinsmore, S. M. Physician.
Downs, Amasa Merchant
Downs, George E. Trader.
Downs, S. T. Merchant.
Epps. Geo. T.
Blacksmith.
Hotel Keeper.
II.
Hardy. Luther Farmer.
Manahan, Horace Miller.
Patch, Hiram Fanner.
Farnbam, W.
653
Pettee, George F.
Farmer.
Roper, E.
P.
Machinist.
Scalding. II. W. Blacksmith.
Vose, J. E. Prin. Francestown Academy.
FRANKLIN.
Adams, Belle
Aikeu, Charles L.
Aiken, F. II. Brad awls.
Aiken, Walter Manufacturer.
Avery, J. F.
Barnard, Daniel Lawyer.
Batchelder, C. P.
Blodgett, Isaac N. Lawyer.
Beau, S. 1».
Benson, Samuel
Burleigh, R. G. Merchant.
Burleigh, Wallace Merchant.
(.'alley,
CO.
Carleton, J. G. Blacksmith.
Chase & Co. Merchants.
Clark, Charles H.
Daniel, F. II. Insurance Agent.
Daniel, Warren F. Paper Manuf'r.
Ilav.nport, L. D.
Davis, 0. B.
Webster House.
Davis, R. M. Merchant.
Dearborn, Annie L.
Dimond, Moses G.
Drake, G. W.
Firth, James H.
A. C.
Fortier, Wm. J.
Fit/.,
French, Oliver
Gerrish, Milton
Gilchrist, D. Merchant.
Gile, A. A.
Goodwin, M. B. Editor.
Gorman, Cyrus
Gunthier, Joseph
Hall,
W.
S.
Hancock, F. N.
Hancock, Parker
Heath, C. M.
Jtulkins,
Kelley,
C.
Ed
John
L.
Keudrick, Stephen
Kennedy, D.
L.
Kimball, Charles
Kimball, Isaac B.
Lewis. William
Littlehale, Mrs. A. P.
Lord, G. W.
Lowell, Alonzo
Mack, Rev. D. A.
Marsh, James
Marr, P. J.
Mc Connel, Thomas
Messer, Alonzo
Neal, George
Nesniith, Geo. W. Attorney at Law.
Nichols, C. B.
Nichols, George
Page, Susie A.
Pike, Austin F. Attorney at
Prescott, Howard S.
Richardson, Levi
Sanborn. E. B. S.
Sawyer, <".. W.
Sawyer, Wesley
Attorney at Law.
Simoinls, J. VV. Teacher.
Sleeper, L. B.
Smith, D. F.
Stearns, Silas C.
Stone. Edwin C.
Sturtevant, E. II.
Sulloway, A. W. Woolen
Sweet, Joseph
Law.
Hose Manufactory.
�NAMES OF SUBSCRIBERS.
654
Taylor, John
Cnrrier, Samuel
Wadsworth, G. G.
Dearborn, Win. R.
Walker, Walter
GILSUM.
Austin, Wesley
Beckwith, Henry
Bill, Willard
Bingham,
S.
W.
C.
Britton, B. H.
Clark, Thomas T.
& Sons
Curthbert, Robert
Collins, S.
Dart, A. M.
Gates, S. C.
Hammon, A. S.
Merrill, Abram Carpenter.
Merrill, Jonathan Laborer.
Nichols, Oliver Farmer.
Phelps, John W. Stage Driver.
Strachan, James G.
Haywood, Allen
Haywood, Geo. N.
Haywood, Theron
Hubbard, Albert
Tsham, J. J.
Isham, W. L.
Laiselle,
HANOVER.
Allen. Ira B. Livery and Stage.
Balch, A. N. Railroad Contractor.
Mark
Lang, John
II.
Benton. Charles
Lapham, Edward
W.
C.
Assistant Prof, of Classics.
Carpenter.
Carpenter, E. D. Tailor.
Brown, Asa
F.
Minor, Francis C.
Morrison, Elisha
Nash, Eugene P.
Newman, Geo.
Nichols, K.
Pierce, Hattie
Carter, E. W.
Restaurant Keeper.
Clark, Win. A. jr. Jeweler.
W
Nancy
Rawson, C. W.
Porter,
Cobb,
Filian,
Brown, Nathan T.
W.
Gove, J. P.
Gunninson, John V.
Hooper, John B.
HARRISVILLE.
Firm of William & Atwood,
Wooden Ware Manufactory.
Atwood,
John
E.
Farmer.
Maxhen, Stephen D.
in, John
1
Messer, Alvin J. Farmer.
Meager, John Farmer.
Nelson, Hial
Pay, Rev. Mr.
Pike, Eliae W.,
Pike, Sullivan G.
Rogers, Increase S.
Rogers, James W.
-
Tandy, Samuel
Tandy, William
Trow, .buries M.
Trow, Perkins
GRANTHAM.
Austin, E. F. Laborer in Saw Mill.
E.
Farmer.
Bii8well, Oliver B.
Farmer.
Clark, John Lumber Dealer.
Brown, Henry
Colburn,
Emma J.
Silas
Bemis, Charles A.
Farwell, Henry J.
Lowell, Geo. 0.
McLaughlin, David
Mc Laugh
Laborer
Miller, E. T. Farmer.
Parker, H. E. Instructor.
Rand, E. W. Furniture Dealer.
Smith, Asa, D. Pres. of Dartmouth College.
Smith, E. K. Farmer.
Sherman, Frank A. Prof, of Mathematics.
Tenney, R. A. Farmer.
Whitcomb, P. H. Prop'tor Dartmouth Presa.
Woodward, Laura E. Teacher.
Cutts, Charles
Henry
George
Hale B. W. Book seller.
Maxham, A. E. Tinman.
Boothe, Oliver
Boothe, Sylvester
Maxfii'ld,
Merchant.
Fletcher, Robert. Prof, of Civil Engineering.
Frost, C. P.
Prof, of Theory and Practice.
GOSHEN.
Lear,
W.
Carpenter.
Prof, of Chemistry.
Dudley, G. T. Expressman.
Emerson, Charles L. Assist. Prof, of Natural
Philosophy.
Field, C. A.
Insurance and Postmaster.
T.
Webster, Wilber
Wilder, William
Wood, Horace
Wright, Daniel
0.
S.
Cummings, Ely
Diinond, E. W.
Rawson, G. B.
Stevens, George A.
Turner, Frank E.
Webster, Frank D.
Webster. K. D.
Emery,
Farmer.
Blanfield, R. T.
Mansfield. C. L.
Mark,
Clothes Pin Manufacturer.
Farmer.
Dunbar, L. D. Merchant.
Eastman, W. H. Clergyman.
Emmerson, Samuel, Farmer.
Gault, John S. Farmer.
Goss, Benjamin S. Farmer.
Hall, A. Farmer.
Hall, A. D. Hotel Keeper.
Hastings, David S.
Farmer.
Hastings, Joseph Farmer.
Hastings, Orren S
Hastings, P. H.
Hemphill, J. Farmer.
Leavitt, Wm. B. Farmer.
Teacher.
Mechanic.
Wooden Ware Manufr.
Woolen Manufacturer.
Harris, Milan
Hazen, Francis M.
Holbrook, Amos Clergyman.
Morse, Bela Farmer.
Newhall, C. Clergyman.
Phillips, Washington
Laborer.
Prindy, Wm. H. Wool Sorter.
Mechanic.
Ruffle, James E.
Smith, Aaron Farmer.
Stratton, Francis Livery Stable.
Symons, S. T. Wooden Ware ManufactniOT.
Tarbox, George M. Farmer.
Traxler, Geo. L. Mechanic.
Tufts, Geo. F. Blacksmith.
HENNIKER.
Allen,
W. n.
Atwood,
L. F.
Mechanic.
Book-keeper.
Carpenter.
Bacon, C. R.
Baker, Miss Mary E.
Barnes, Wm. B. Cattle Broker.
Brown, Thomas
Farmer.
�655
NAMES OF SUBSCRIBERS.
Brown, S. A. Tanner.
Burtt, Milan Mechanic.
Bui tt & Sleeper, Harness Makers.
Codnian, George B. Painter.
Blacksmith.
Campbell, Harris
Campbell, Harris
W.
Carter, LI. C. Paper Manufacturer.
Carter, Harrison Farmer.
Maker.
Cate, D. S. N. P. P^'per
Cbaudler, Charles U. Mechanic.
Wm. Blacksmith.
Chandler,
Chase, John Farmer.
Clark, Mrs. M. J.
Cogswell, L. W. Farmer.
J. C. Cashier of National Bank.
Carr, Nathan
Alonzo
Carter,
Collins, D. S. Clothes Pin Manufacturer.
Campbell,
Conn, Freeman Blacksmith.
Cook, George W. Physician.
Crooker, A. J. Currier.
Crooker, Q. Currier.
Cogswell, Warren S. Blacksmith.
Cogswell, Washington Farmer.
Cogswell, Wm. E. Tinman.
Colby, Eri Farmer.
Colby, Frank E. Farmer.
Colby, James M. Farmer.
Colby, Thomas E. Farmer.
Conner, Alex. W. Farmer.
Connor, John
K
.
Cutting,
Daniel
French, J. Q. A.
Goodell.
John
Wm.
Manufacturer.
Dow, George W. S. Kit '"
_
Eastman Miss Susan C. i vc 1 ier
Co.
Emerson, H. A. Agent of C. V. Paper
-
'
15.
F'oley,
Farmer.
Courser, Charles H. Millwright.
Davis, Wm. D.
Dodge, R. T. Farmer.
lr
Farmer, George H. Farmer.
Favour, Andrew D. Farmer.
Farrar, George H. Merchant.
Flanders, A. R. Carpenter.
Flanders, Wm. 0. Farmer.
Physician.
Physician.
Farmer.
Gould,
Grimes, Sarah C.
Lane & Co. Grain Dealers.
Hale,
Hastings, S. D. Carriage Maker.
Wood Turner.
Hill, Cumiugs
Mechanic.
Hill, Gilbert P.
Hi.ls, John M.W. Wood Turner.
Hmes, L. D. Proprietor of St. Charles Hotel.
B.
Currier.
Uuyt.Moses M.
wooden
Gage, John Dry Measures and
Gage, Perley, R. Mechanic.
Paper Maker.
J.
Gilchrist, J.
Glover, Miss Mary D.
Goss, Miss H. C.
Gove, Frederick C. Farmer.
Gove, Miss Rebecca Paper Maker.
Guttersun, John
Gutterson, Wm. W.
Hackett, G. H. Physician.
Howe, Miss Belle Teacher.
Jameson, John W. Farmer.
ware.
•
Ladd, J. B. P. Shoemaker.
Maker.
Livingston, Charles E. Paper
Mc Alphine, C. H. Meat Dealer. V. Paper Co.
Foreman C.
Mc Gown. John A.
Morrill, Harrison Farmer.
Morgan, A. E. Shoe Peg Maker.
Morrison, Mrs. Jane J.
Newton, John A. Farmer.
Newton, Nahum Farmer.
Patten, Squire M. Farmer.
Patterson, Alonzo & Son Farmer.
Peabody, L. W. Physician.
Poor, George M. Farmer.
Preston, George C. Merchant.
Putney, Daniel Mechanic.
Ray, John C. Farmer.
Kenton, J. B. Shoe Manufacturer.
Farmer.
Rice, II. A.
Rice, Robert D. Farmer.
Ripley, H. N. Shoemaker.
Robbins, D. K. Carpenter.
Repairer.
Sargent, Walter Clock
Smith, Mrs. L. B.
Smith, Watson W. Clergyman.
Waldron, II. Frances
Watkins, Eli P. Paper Maker.
Webster, Jesse Merchant Tailor.
Whitcomb, Mrs. Annie
Whitman, Mrs. C. M.
«..«_*
Manufacturer.
Whitney, Frederick. Coffin
Wilson, 0. E.
Mary
Dudley, Samuel S. Clergyman.
Button & Morse, Merchants.
Eaton, Jubal II. Blacksmith.
Faton, L. S. Merchant Tailor.
Mechanic.
Farrah, Walter J. Sawyer and
Farmer.
HILLSBOROUGH.
Abbott, 0. Butcher.
Bowers, S. 0. Dentist.
Bragdon, John Clergyman.
Tannery.
Brown, Gil as E. Foreman of
Humphrey
Jacknian,
Watchman.
Jackman, Ira W.
Jackson, Noah
Lovering, R. E.
Livery Stable.
Lumber
Dealer.
Bedstead Manufacturer
Charles F. Photographer.
Farmer.
Melleu, Seth
Mannahan, W. U.
Mc Clary.
Merrill, William Farmer.
Newman, D. W. C. Tin- ware, etc.
Merchant.
Newman, James
Printer.
Patten, Geo. C. Civil Engineer.
Peaslee, G. D. Sock Maker
Peaslee, Nathan B. Mechanic.
Pike, Geo. A. Farmer.
Prescott, L. W. Clergyman.
Osburn, J. G.
Putney, Lewis
Quin, C. II. Mechanic.
Ring, Levi C. Tanner.
Robbins, CD. Farmer.
Geo. F. Blacksmith.
Balttuarsh,
Sargent, Orlando Teamster.
Sargent,
Wm.
Editor.
Smith, John B.
Manufacturer.
Taylor, C. W. Farmer.
Tutherly, Rufus
Upton, B. F. Harness Maker.
Vickery, D. L.
Webber Brooks K. Attorney at Law.
Wl.ittaker, Henry P. Tanner.
Whitteuiore, Wm. B. Furniture.
Wilkins, Edgar M. Currier.
Wilkins, Isaac F.
Wilson, Erastus Lumber Dealer.
Wyman,
S.
Dow
Young, Alvin H.
Farmer.
Tanner.
HINSDALE.
Ami don,
C. J.
Barrows, W. S.
Bishop, Edward
Davis, A. B.
Dunham, Ira
Fales,
Lemuel
Fiske, F. D.
Latham, Henry
Newhall & Stebens
Pratt, L. E.
Robinson, N.
�NAMES OF SUBSCRIBERS.
656
Babin, T.
Greeley, D.
W.
Huntor,
Sanderson, D. K.
Thayer, E. G.
M.
J.
Smith, D. 0.
Smith, N.
Thomas, G.
\Vatson, C. C.
Wellington, G. P.
Webster, Kimball
Woods, G. S.
Wilder, G.S..
Worden, E. & N.
JEFFERSON.
HOOKSETT.
Catlin,
Buswell, 0. B.
Colby, G. A
Converse, A. H.
Davis,
W. M.
Gage, H. P.
Goodnough, Lafayette
Guild,
II. II.
Head, Natt
Head, Samuel, 2d
Head, W. F.
Abbott, L.
Blood, G.
Burnes, R.
Hosiery Mill.
Pressman.
Constantine, W. A.
Cotton, W. P.
Edgerly, Florence.
Hotel.
Everett, George H. Wil lard
Holt, Frank P. Paper Box Maker.
A. Justice S. J. Court.
Hibbard, E.
Hamlin,
Laird, James.
B. J.
Lovejoy, A. R.
Nichols, E.
Spaulding, S.
Hunkins, J. S.
Lamphrey, Wm. H.
Libbey Frank F
M.
Prescott, D.
Worcester, J. N.
Worcester, T. G.
HOPKINTON.
Barnard, John Farmer.
Brown, Ellen K.
Chandler. Alfred N. Farmer.
Chase, Ambros Farmer.
Law.
Chase, Hon. Horace Attorney at
Choat, Horace L. Farmer.
MelTin Painter.
Colby,
Connor, Isaac K. Carpenter.
Connor, James M. Farmer.
Currier, John Farmer.
Dauforth, Enoch, Oakland, Cal. Farmar.
Dorr, Kl 'ii
Flanders, Parker M. Farmer.
Goodrich. Geo. K. Farmer.
Gould, Charles Farmer.
Green, Herman W. Attorney at Law.
Hawthorne, C. G. Attorney at Law.
Jones, John F. Farmer.
Kimball, Rich M.
rge E.
i
Farmer.
Farmer.
Lord, Thomas Farmer.
Page, John W. Farmer.
Page. S. S. Farmer.
Putnev, Ira A. Farmer.
Eowell, Isaac Farmer.
Sceevens, Eugene P. Farmer.
Snyder, A. Clergyman.
Spencer, Elijah Farmer.
Tewksbury, Henry R. Carpenter
Whittemore, Win. B. Farmer.
Young, John K. Clergyman.
HUDSON.
Wm.
Andrews,
Belknap, A. J.
Holler, W. H.
S.
W.
Dm ant, G.W.
Emery,
Hosiery.
Frank E.
John T.
Lewis F.
Eastman, Clarence
Farley, J.
Clyde,
Bu<iel,
Busiel,
Busiel,
Dallison, George
Cameron, H. G.
]
Blacksmith.
B.
Busiel, C. A.
HOLLIS.
E.
Crawford, Charles Farmer.
Houses.
Crawford, E. A. Farm and Mountain
Gray, William Farmer.
Mason, A. F. Trader.
Moulton, L. B. Clergyman.
Palmer, L. H. Farmer.
Pottle, J. H. Farmer.
Thayer, T. S. Mechanic.
Ames, G.
J. G.
Otterson, H. B.
Towle, F. C.
Woods,
Farmer.
Andrew
LACONIA VILLAGE.
Homey, John
Hussey,
Mountain House.
Beadell, F. J.
Bonney, Horace
J.
H.
Carpenter.
S.
Randall, Frank C.
Smith, Fannie C.
Slowe, J. S.
True, Noah P. Physician.
««„„-,Vaughan, 0. A. J. Editor Laconia Democrat,
Waring, John J.
Watson, David
Webster, George M.
Weeks, Hazen
Whipple, Thomas Attorney at Law.
Young, S. E.
LANCASTER.
Benton, Jacob Attorney at Law.
Burns, William Attorney at Law.
Harness maker.
Calley, Fred C.
Coos Rep. Association, Publishers.
Crawford. J. G. Attorney at Law.
Emerson & Hartshorn
Publishers.
Evans, A. G. Grocer.
Evans, Samuel G. Merchant.
Mechanic.
Field, John E.
Law.
Fletcher, Hiram H. Attorney at
Gray, H. Drawer.
C. B. Clerk of Court.
Jordan,
Kent, Col. II. 0. Attorney at Law.
Justice S. J. Court.
S.
Marshall, A.J. Carriage Maker.
Ossian Attorney at Law.
Bay,
Smith, J. A. Merchant.
Snaulding, John W. Postmaster.
Ladd W.
Attorney at Law.
B. F.
Wilson, Willie B. Mechanic.
Whidden,
LEMPSTER.
Allen. Lewis B.
Beckwith,
Wm.
P.
Bruce, Timothy
Bruce, William F.
Carey, Edward 0.
Carey, F. C.
Cheney,
S.
H.
�NAMES OF SUBSCRIBERS.
657
Clark, D.
Cragin, Edward A.
Dickey, J. H.
Bradley, T. R. V.
Furniture.
Harnesses, Carriages and
Finley, B. C.
Gordon, B. N.
Hurd, Stephen
Brigham £ Pratt Bakers.
Brown, W. W. Physician.
Burnham, J. E. Attorney at Law.
Kempt, John D.
Campbell, Z. F.
Keys, Brothers
Kingsley, K. A
Noyes, Albert
Page, Oliver E.
Parker, A. J.
Parker, Hiram
Perley, A. F.
Perry, Mrs. L. A.
Casbin, John II.
Catherdy, N. H.
Branch. Edward
Trunks.
Druggist.
Ales, Liquors and Wines.
Carpenter and Builder.
Chadwick, H. M. Retail Liquor Dealer.
Cheney, P. C. Paper Manufacturer.
Chevilliar, J. Aug. Catholic l'astor.
W. F. Dentist.
Exchange Billiard Hall.
Clark, Joseph B. Attorney at Law.
Clark, Moses C. Clark's Pat. Horse Shoes.
Coburn, E. K. Books and Stationery.
Colby & Pressey. Physicians.
Guilds,
Cliubbuck, H. T.
Porter, George S.
Roundy, R. S.
Sabine, William C.
Smith, Alvah
Stearns, John M.
Towne, Geo. W.
Walker. Henry
Way, William E.
Wells, George F.
Corey, William
Cumuer &
LITTLETON.
Wm.
Merchant.
Bingham, Harry Attorney at Law.
Cheney, Charles Y.
Bellows,
Ela, Curtis
Hodgman, F. F. Druggist.
Gordon, A. H.
Gould, Henry T. Book-keeper.
Gould. P. R. Postmaster.
Lovejoy. A. H. Painter.
Lovejoy, Geo. E. Merchant.
Messer, John Shoe Manulacturer.
Miller, Mrs.
Moffat, James
Shoe Manufacturer.
Oavrand, S. Restaurant.
Parker, Luther Farmer.
Richardson, James Lumber Dealer
Sawyer, Eli D. Hop Dealer.
Sanger, T. E. Physician.
Shute, Sewell Blacksmith.
Sinclair,
Lumber
John G.
Dealer.
Smith, Richard
Stevens, W. H.
Tarbell, C. D.
Manufacturer.
Wheeler, Dennis
Wilkins, Dixie
House Painter.
LOUDON.
Ordway, G.
F.
Farmer.
LYME.
W. Farmer.
Baker, F.
Butler, E. P.
Clergyman.
Dike, Henry Farmer.
Franklin, H. 0. Farmer
Gilbert, G. F. Clerk in Store.
Kent, John S. Proprietor of Hotel.
Palmer, F. B. Mechanic.
Webster, M. K. Merchant.
Weed, B. M. Farmer.
Wells, James M. Farmer.
Willmot, M. I. Farmer.
MANCHESTER.
Adams, Phineas Manufacturer.
Alden & Flanders Civil Engineers.
Groceries and Provisions.
Back, W. E. Teacher.
Baldwin & Batchelder Pianos & Organs.
Alton, H. H.
Baldwin, James & 0. Bobbins and Shuttles.
Bartlett C. II. Lawyer.
Groceries and Provisions.
Attorney at Law.
Bean & Mathews
Bell, S. N.
Carpenter.
Blodgett. N. C.
Boutell, Geo. E. Hotel.
Needle Manufacturer.
Merchant Tailors.
Wheelwright.
Co.
Currier, B.
Crosby, Josiah Physician.
Custer, E. Physician.
Devine, P. A. Undertaker.
Diguam, W. Mus.cian.
Dodge, Geo. W. Boots and Shoes.
Dufrain, L. N. Pump Manufacturer.
Eager, John Q. A. Grocer.
Eager & Robinson. Grocers.
Edgerly, M. V. B. Life Insurance.
Emerson, D. B. Retail Liquor Dealer.
Eventt, J. S. Eating House.
Everett, W. G. Insurauce Agent.
Fabay, Patrick Ales, Wines &c.
Stoves, Furnaces and
Fairbanks & Folsom
Ranges.
Fairbanks & Patten Deputy Sheriff.
Fellows, J. W. Attorney at Law.
Ferguson, John Physician.
Flanders, P. C. Provision Dealer.
Ford, John F. Plumber.
Insurance Agent and
French, George A.
Adjuster.
French, Henry Contractor and Builder.
Gaskell, G. A. Principal of Business College.
Gray, Frank L. Manufacturer of Soda Water.
Haddock, F. Shoe Manufacturer.
Harrington, E. W. City National Bank.
Hawkins, A. S. Cigar Dealer.
Haves, Fred jr. Druggist.
Hayes, John Wholesale Liquor Dealer.
Hersey, Geo. E. Physician,
inland. Frank Attorney at Law.
Hill,
Hiram
Dentist.
Holbrook, Geo. Carpenter and Builder.
Holmes, W. F. Flour and Grain Dealer.
Book Binder, Blank Book
Hoyt, Geo. C
Manufacturer and Paper Ruler.
Hubbard, Geo. H. Cigar Manufacturer.
Livery and Hack Stable.
James, S. S.
Edward Clothing.
Cigars and Tobacco.
C.
Kimball, Jesse Shirt Manufacturer.
V. B. Carpenter and
Kinney, M.
Kenneily,
Kennedy, E.
Lumber
Dealer.
Granite Workers.
Lane, A. J. Real Estate and Biz. Agent.
Steam, Gas, and Water
Lane, Thomas A.
Lampson & Marden
Pipe.
Wm. Attorney at Law, 3 copies.
Livingston, C. F. Printer.
Locke, & Demmick W. I. Goods Ac.
Lodge, Joseph Manufr of Dress Goods.
Lord, Samuel D. Attorney at Law.
Mahoney, D. I. Book Keeper.
Mallard, Albert & Son Grocers.
Mc Donald & Cady Boots and Shoes.
Little,
Mellendv, Hamilton Undertaker.
Merriam, Geo. W. Blacksmith.
�658
NAMES OF SUBSCRIBERS.
Meeser, Octavus L. Groceries and Provisions.
Miller, R. M.
Provisions and Fish.
Mitchell, James jr. Boots and Shoes.
Monette Brothers, Groceries and Provisions.
Mooar, J. W. Physician.
Moore, John Watches and Jewelry.
Morrison, Henry Blacksmith.
Murray,
Attorney at Law.
P. J.
Newell, J. P.
0' Brian, J.
Catholic Pastor.
O'Connor, C. A. Attorney at Law.
Olzendam, A. P. Hosiery Manufacturer.
Page, B. F.
Parmley, J. H. Dentist.
Par-ions, W. S.
Phvsician.
Patten, W. R. Attorney at Law.
Perkins, £. W. Confectiuner.
Perkins, M. H. Granite Billiard Hall.
Perry, A. F. Druggist.
Pettee, Horace Flour, Grain. Lime & Cement.
Phiibrick, A. Harness Manufacturer.
Pickering, J. W. C. Clothier.
Pike, J. Clergyman.
Piper, B. H. Spokes and Handles.
Prout, M. Ale, Wine, and Cigars.
Raymond, N. H. Stave Manufacturer.
Reynolds, H. C. Manufacturer.
Roby, W. K. Oysters.
Rowell, N. L. Clergyman.
Scott, James B.
Cigar Manufacturer and
Dealer in Tobacco.
Shelter & Lewis Boot & Shoe Dealers.
Smith, Isaac VV. Justice of Supreme Court.
Smyth, Frederick Merrimack River Bank.
Spear, Justin Deputy Sheriff.
William Baker.
Starr,
Stearns, J. E. Civil Engineer.
Stevens, J. L. Postmaster.
Straw, E. A. Governor of the State.
Sullivan Bros. Stoves, Ranges and Furnaces
Sulloway, C. A. Attorney at Law.
Tanswell, G. II. Dry Goods
Tebbetts, G. W. 0. Druggist.
Tewksbuiy Bros. Book-sellers.
Thompson, H. M. Ag't M. P. Works
Tucker, W. J. Clergyman.
II. B.
Dealer 'in Nuts.
Upton, Samuel Attorney at Law.
Van e, Geo. R. Stove Dealer.
Varney, D. B. Coppersmith & Brass
Founder.
Wattsou & Homes Flour and Grain, WholeTwist,
sale.
Weeks. Geo. W. Boots & Shoes.
West, John Physician.
W'
v>
ston.
James A.
hituey,
Mayor and Civil Engineer.
Music & Musical Instruments.
I. S.
MARLOW.
Baker, F. W.
Conn, Freeman
Downing, Albert
S.
Downing, Daniel
Geer,
Edward R.
Honey, H. E.
Hnntley, E. G.
Jones. John Q.
Joslin,
Andrew
T.
Morrison, Geo. T.
Nason, (ieo. A.
MERRIMACK.
Bnrtlett,
M.
Doloff, S. S.
Eaton, W.
S.
Ela, B.
Ferguson,
Hubbard,
Kitten-.)
J.
W.
Russell, G.
Wilkins, J. G.
MILFORD.
Averill, C. S.
|.;
W,
Attorney at law.
Barnard, H. L. Hotel.
Blanchard, J. M. Printer.
Burnham, D. S. Merchant.
Emerson, L. B. Manuf r Extension Tables.
Foster, B. F. Photographer.
Fuller, Andrew L. G. F. Manufr.
Gilson, A. A. Miller.
Goss, Samuel
Gray, J. E. Extension Table Manufacturer
Gutterson, E. F. Grocer.
Hatch, C. G. Livery Stable.
Heald, David Furniture Mannfacturcr.
Kaley, T. Manufacturer of Tidy Yarn.
Kuowlton, Win. Manufacturer.
Lancaster, H. K. Grocer.
Lewis, James Tanner.
Moulton, J. B. Tanner.
Powers, John A. Tinner.
Rich, John L.
Robinson, A. H. Merchant.
Saw.ver, F. T.
Cash. First Nat. Bank.
Towne, Wm. B. Pres. First Nat. Bank.
Tuttle. Charles B. Merchant.
Wadleigh, B. Attorney at Law.
Wac Heigh, George Attorney at Law,
Worcester, G. A. Student.
NASHUA.
Andrews, Abner
Andrews, G. F.
A ndrews, J. F.
Bailey, J. F.
Barker,
Barrett,
J.
N.
Wm. A.
Beard, Albert
Black, J. S.
Blunt, J. G.
Blown, E. P.
Brown, W. 0.
Bui k. N.
W.
Case, Levi,
Chandler, S. D.
Cbeever, W. H.
Clark, Betsey C.
Collins. A. S.
Cook, W. H.
Coygin & Farley.
Craige, J. H.
Crombie. D. D.
Critchet, C. E.
Currier, G. W.
Dane, H. F.
Dauforth, C. P.
Dearborn, C. V.
Deveron, J. A.
Dodge, Oliver.
Dodge, Sabra 0.
Downs, Lovicy A.
Dunlap, A. H.
Eaton & Aver
Eaton, II. H.
Emerson, S. D.
Evars, C. G. A.
Farwell, L.
Fields,
C. L.
,..
Kitteredge, J.
Lund, D.
McWilkins, A.
Parker, L. W.
Parker, Thos.
Parkhurst, E. P.
Reed, J. L.
II.
Fisk, David B.
Fletcher, Benjamin
Fletcher, Claru A.
�NAMES OF SUBSCRIBERS.
Fletcher. J. M.
Foster, N. A.
S.
W.
W.
A.
French,
Fuller,
Gage,
C. P.
Gale, E. B.
Gordon, A. C.
Greenwood, H. E.
Greenwood, N.
Gregg & Son Doors, Sash and Blinds.
Hardy, G.
Hastings, G.
Healey, R. H.
Hills, A. M.
Holt, Henry.
Hosford J. K.
Hubbard, S. P.
Hyde, J. W.
Jaqueth, J. E.
Kelsea, C.
Kendrick, B. F.
Kimball. J. G.
Knowlton, A. B.
Maloon, C. L.
Marshall, D. R.
Mclntire, E. P.
McKeen, Frank A.
McKeen, A.
McMillin, W. H.
McQuestion, Charles R.
McQuestion, E. F.
McQuestion, George M.
Mellendy, H. D.
Monroe, F.
Moore, G. W.
Moore, 0. C.
H
S.
Morris, G. E.
Murray, 0. D.
Oi er, C. P.
Otis, D. A.
Parkinson, H.
James L.
Perkins. W. N.
Peirce,
Philbrick, H. A.
Powers, A. S.
Proctor, H. 0.
Public, Library,
Putnam, B.
Ramsdell, Geo. A.
Reed, A. G.
Russell, E. S.
Reed, John
Reed, Williard 0. R. R. Conductor ,B. L.
N. R. R.
Roby, C. J.
Roby, L. A.
Sanders, A. H.
Sargent, A.
Shattuck, C. W.
Shipley, C.
Spaulding, E.
Spaulding, J. A.
Spaulding, S.
Squires, W. H.
Stearns, A. J.
Stevens, D.
Sullivan, D.
Swallow,
S.
Thomas, H.
Tilton,
Wood, T. H.
Woodward, Q. A.
Worcester, K. F.
Worcester, Samuel
Godfrey, Alfred
Goodale, John H.
Mordotgh,
659
Whitemarsh, J. F.
Whittemore, B. B.
John
Tolles, C. F.
Tolles, C. F.
TJnderhill, G. A.
Wellman. S. K.
Weston, W. S.
Wheeler, H. B.
NEW-HAMPTON.
,
Dustin, S.
Evans, Geo. C. Student
Fiske, E. Clergyman.
Gordon, Miss Abby A.
Gordon, James
Gordon, Wm. P. Carriage Maker
Healey, Miss Carrie M.
Merrow, M. H.
Meservey, A. B. Prin. of Institute.
Piper, J. S.
Prescott, E. A. Clergyman.
Prescott, John F. Farmer.
Rich, W. E. C. Teacher.
Wallace, Joseph C.
Mason.
NEW-IPSWICH.
Bailey, William
Burton, George T.
Clark, Peter H. Clark's Hotel.
Farwe'l, Daniel
Farwell, Russell
Fox, George
Heywood. S. B.
Perry, J. P.
Preston, Will A.
Thayer, S. A.
Townsend, A. N.
Wheeler, Charles
Whitney, C. A.
Wilson, C. F.
NEW
LONDON.
Abbott, T. B. & Son
Warren
Bickford,
Cloui;u, J.
Lumber
Dealers.
Mechanic.
Farmer.
Merchant.
E
Burpee,
P.
Burpee, J. H.
M.
S.
V. S. Mail
Cooper, Solon
Agent
Farmer.
Currier, H. J.
Artist.
Dickey, R.
Scythe Welder.
S.
Elkins, J. S. Farmer.
Everett, C. A.
Fiske, M. H. Teacher.
Fletcher, Rev. S. C. ClergymanHerrick, Geo. W.
Howe,
Clergyman.
S.
Jones, Edwin A. Tanner and Cnrrier.
Knight, Ephraim Teacher.
Littlefield,
Loverin,
Seth
A. E.
Farmer.
Trader.
McCutchin8, Luther Farmer.
Messer, Curtis Farmer.
Phillips, Lewis Clergyman.
Phillips, C. C.
Scythe Manufacturers—
")
Folson, C. E.
SSuccessors to Phillips,
Greenwood, N. T. J
Messer & Colby,
Pingry, N. D. Farmer.
Merchant.
Merchant.
Seamans, H. W. Jeweler.
Smith, E.G. Mechanic.
Smith, Elhaman Scythe Finisher.
Russell, 0. K.
Sargent. C. S.
Swett, S. B.
Todd, Henry M.
Currier.
Warren, L. E. Pres. of Institute.
Whitcomb, Ruel
Williams, E. V.
Currier.
Williams, Roger Mechanic.
Woodward, George Merchant.
NEW-MARKET.
Bennett, Edwin Stoves and Hardware.
Bickford, John F. Carpenter.
�NAMES OF SUBSCRIBERS.
660
Cutter with B. F. Haley.
J. W.
Burke, L. Physician.
Caswell, A. B. Second Hand in Mill.
Cleighton, S. E. W.
Davis, Wm. Henry Pedler.
Dennett, Benjamin F. Tailor.
DeMerritt, J. F. Overseer in Cloth-room.
•
Doe, C. V. Merchant Tailor.
Doeg, I. W. Machinist.
Maker.
Eastman, J. D. Carriage
Edgerly, J. B. Mechanic.
Elkins, J. L. Physician.
Folsom, Lewis B. Munufr and Dealer in Con-
Brown,
and retail.
Butcher and Grocer.
fectionery, wholesale
Gerry, Warren
Green, Samuel H. Physician.
Haines, Albert J. Machinist.
Haley, S. A. National Bank.
Machinist.
Hall, D. C.
Hall, Gilman Grocer.
Hall, Lafayette
Ham, John F., Jr. Butcher.
Hanson,
Hanson.
J. J.
L. F.
Grocer.
Physician.
Hodgedon, John R. House Painter.
Haskell, H. B.
Mechanic.
Hurd, Fred
W.
Kitteredge, G.
Physician.
Leavitt, George K. Grocer.
Leavitt, N. H.
Dealer in Horses, Carriages
and Sleighs.
Madox, G. T. Tailor, with B. F. Haley.
Mathews, Jr. Benj. Grocer.
Mc Neil, G. W. Tailor, with B. F. Haley.
Mc Pherson,
L. T.
Foremaa
in Doe's shop.
Moses, C. C. P.
Noyes, Fred W.
Pike, Fred F.
Pinder, James S.
Farmer.
Pinkham & Wingate, Publishers.
Richardson, Edward Grocer.
Roach, W. S. Foreman, with B. F. Haley.
Savage. H. F.
Scott, 0.
W.
Mechanic.
Clergyman.
Shackford, E. B.
Shackfunl, W. A. Police Justice.
Small, Wm. B. Attorney at Law
Smart, Charles H. Granite worker.
Smart, George K. Grocer.
Smith, Almun P. Farmer.
Smith, Charles H. Lawyer.
Smith, N. C. Expressman from Newmarket
to Boston.
Stackpole, F. E.
Manuf'r of xxx Laundry and
Btott, J. D.
Chemical Soap.
Tuttle, Thomas Blacksmith.
Waterson, A. J. Mechanic.
White, Isaac C. Clergyman.
Wiggin, A. D. Dry Gouds.
Wiggin, J. W. Stable Keeper.
Millinery and Fancy
Wood, Mrs. M. A.
Goods.
Young, Jere
NEWPORT.
Abbott, Oilman P. Jobber.
Allen, 15. H. Carpenter.
Averill, H. A. Hotel Keeper.
Badger, II. W. Carpenter.
Bailey, L. D.
Tailor.
Barney, Ahira
Track Layer.
Bartlett, Nettie L. Teacher.
Barton, Wm. II. Jack Spinner.
Blake, Jonathan Stone Cutter.
Bowers. S. L. Lawyer.
Brett, M. L. Mechanic.
Brown, Geo. R. Lawyer.
Brown, J. H. Hotel Keeper.
I
Burke, Edmund Lawyer.
Burke, M. W. Merchant.
Call, Hial Farmer.
Carr, David H. Farmer.
Chuudler, Ira F. Lumber Dealer.
Chase, Ashley A. Carder.
Chase, A. B. Clerk.
Chase, E. S. & Son
Claggett, Rufus P.
Shoe Dealers.
Sheriff.
Manufacturer.
Coffin, P. S.
Manufacturer.
Coffin, Silas C.
Comstock, Geo. H. Farmer.
Converse, E. C. Merchant.
Crain, Harvey B. Farmer.
Currier, D. M. Physician.
Cutts, Lorenzo L. Farmer.
Dame, A. M. Farmer.
Dame, Geo. E. Farmer.
Darling, Wm. W. Physician.
Dewey,
Wm.
H.
Farmer.
Handle Maker.
F.
Dow, W. A. Carpenter.
Dow, Wallace, L. Contractor and Builder.
Dodge, L.
Merchant.
Emerson, Jonathan jr. Blacksmith.
Emery, S. A. Farmer.
Evans, Randall Farmer.
Fairbanks, Geo. H. Merchant.
Edes, Geo. 0.
Fairbanks, John E.
Flet< her, Charles F.
Forsaith,
Stone Cutter.
Farmer.
Edward
Gardner, P. K. Farmer.
George, J. E. Farmer.
Gordon, James M. Farmer.
Gould, A. J. Farmer.
Gove, Arlan M. Farmer.
Gregg, R. M. Harness Maker.
Hall, R. H. Farmer.
Hayes, Henry H. Printer.
Heath, B. C. Carriage Maker.
Heath, G. A. Painter.
Hitchcock, A. V. Cloths A Custom Clothing.
Uobbs, John 0. Merchant Tailor.
Howard, A. D. Civil Engineer.
Howard, Charles C. Laborer.
Howe, A. P. Farmer.
Howlett, Moses S. Carpenter.
Hubbell, Wm. W. Furniture Dealer.
Huutoon, R. Merchant.
Hurd, Bela Farmer.
Hurd, S. H. Stone Cutter.
Ingram, H. M. Jack Spinner.
Jencks, H. A. Farmer.
Jennings, G. E. Farmer.
Kelley, J. C. Druggist & Bookseller.
Kempton, Elisha M. Register of Deeds.
Kenersou, J. M. Hosiery Manufacturer.
King, W. W. Lumber Dealer.
Lamb, A. Farmer.
Leavitt, II. C. Clergyman.
Lewis, F.
W.
Cashier 1st Nat. Bank.
Moody, S. U. Farmer.
Newton, D. A. Farmer.
Nuurse, Geo. W. Postmaster.
Page, Nathaniel 0. Rake Manufacturer.
Parker, Dexter Farmer.
»
Patch, Daniel F. Shoe Dealer.
Perry,
Wm. II.
Pollard, Granville Harness
Powers, E. Farmer.
and Trunk Dealec
Reed, Erastus Farmer.
Richards, Dexter Flannel Manufacturer.
Richardson, H. Farmer.
Rounsevel, Lyman Tanner.
Sanborn, Thomas Physician.
Sett. (i. R. W. Clergyman.
Scribner, John Manufacturer.
Severance, Daniel Stone Cutter.
Shackett, Frank Laborer.
�NAMES OE SUBSCRIBERS.
Sibley, Ezra T. Scythe Manufacturer.
Sibley, Paul Farmer.
Silsby, Charles A. Farmer.
Staniels, Hiram Farmer.
Straw, Orra C. Jack Spinner.
Swett, J. L. Physician.
Thompson, R. H.
Farmer.
Richardson, Edward Shoe Workman.
Sherman, C. W. Merchaut.
Smith, C. C. Shoe Workman.
Swain, J. J. Shoe Workman.
Tasker, Ezra Farmer.
Towle, BeDJamin F. Shoe Workman.
Towle, S. N. Shoe Workman.
Tilton, John P. Weaver.
Tilton, R. W, Farmer.
Lawyer.
Waldron, Geo. H. Tinsmith.
Walling, C. E. Stone Cutter.
Wellcome, A. P. Lumber and Farmer.
Wheeler, Edmund Mechanic.
Whipple, Orsamus Farmer.
Whitney, George F. Farmer.
Whitney, 0. Farmer.
Whittier, M. L. Carpenter.
Wilcox, J. E. Farmer.
Wilkins E. R. Clergyman.
Wilmarth, George E. Auctioneer and Farmer.
Wait, A.
S.
NORTHFIELD*
Blake, C. C.
Cate, Asa P. Judge of Probate.
Cate, Miss Mary E.
Chase, Francis R. Attorney at Law.
Coffran, Benjamin.
Corliss, Geo.
W.
Cross, Daniel J.
Cross, 0. L.
Dearborn, Miss Laura R,
Dow, Sumner A.
Downing, E«lgar O.
Forrest, James N.
Glines, Mrs. Annie L.
Glines, Edward R.
Glines, Westerly M.
Gould, C. R.
Haines, Benjamin
Haines, Samuel
Healy, Isaac H.
Eenniston, Alpheus
Kenniston, Fred
Kenniston, John
i
Knowle-, Westerly
Lambert, S. H.
Langee, Oilman
Payson, Miss Sarah T.
Plummer, A. F.
Plummer, W. H.
Rand, J. D.
Riley, George
M.
Roberts, John
Robertson, C. H.
Slader, Mrs. Elizabeth D.
Smith, W. H.
Stevens, Francis
Watson, John P.
Weeks, Geo. W.
Wyatt, Otis C.
Yeaton, John B.
N0RTHW00D.
Brown, E.
C.
Proprietor Harvey House.
Bryant, Ella M.
Dow, Eben C. Farmer.
Durgin, W. M. Shoe Freighter.
Clark, B. W. Shoe Workman.
Cogswell, E. C. Clergyman.
Edmond, W. H. Farmer.
Emerson, D. G. Shoe Workman.
Greenleaf, A. M. Shoe Workman.
Farmer.
Merchant.
Farmer.
Mead, John G. Merchant.
Miller, Henry Shoe Workman.
Perry, C. M. Blacksmith.
Pillsbury, A. J. Shoe Manufacturer.
James,
S. S.
Lancaster, J. P.
Lbcke, James C.
661
PEMBROKE AND SUNCOOK.
Abbott, Richard L.
Alexander, Enoch
Appleton, George P.
Austin, David
Cilley, Charles W.
George P.
Coffrin,
Corbin, J. M.
Dodge,
S.
Edgerly, Calvin E.
George Daniel
J.
Hildreth, Dr. C. F. P.
Jewell, D. L.
Jones, D. S.
Knox,
S.
W.
Larabee, G. H.
Morse, Charles P.
Moulton, C. 0.
Noyes, N. R.
Osgood, A. L.
Osgood. A. N.
Paine, R. H.
Rowe, A. J.
Sanborn, John W.
Sargent, Warren
Simpson, George N.
Sullivan, John H.
Truesdell, E. E.
Vose, G. S.
Walker, Isaac
White, Rev. L.
Whitemore, A.
Woods, F. N.
PETERBOROUGH.
Ames, Albert A. Butcher.
Ames, George W. Harness Maker.
Ames, J. M. Mechanic.
Ames, Timothy K. Oldest Sheriff in N. H.
Bashaw, Charles Harness Maker.
Batchelder, F. S. Boarding Master.
A. F. Clergyman.
Beckwith, Thomas L.
Overseer.
Blair, George W.
Cotton Spinner.
Blair, James P.
Briggs, Joshua Piano Stool Manufr.
Bruce, Charles C.
B ixter.
Chase, W. D. Physician.
Cheever, M. V. Billiard Hall.
Collins, J.
M.
Farmer.
Cragin, John Farmer.
Cross, Levi Cotton Manufr.
Culter, Daniel B. Physician.
Physician.
Cutler, John H.
Dadman, Wm. E. Boot Maker.
Dodge, Edward B. Lumber, and Contractor.
Dustin, George Clergyman.
Eaton, Nathan T. Meat and Provision Dealer.
Farmer, Charles W.
Farnum &
Printers.
Scott,
Machinist.
Felt, G. P.
Carpenter.
Felt, Jonathan
Carpenter.
Field, Henry
Fisher, J. Merchant.
Fletcher, E. A. Painter.
Fletcher, George A. Butcher.
Forbush, Nathan C.
Frost, Albert Undertaker.
Fuller, A. Stoves and tin ware.
Gorman, John
Lumber and Wool
Gould, D. W. Clerk.
Hamilton, George A.
Dealer.
�NAMES OF SUBSCRIBERS.
662
Hatch, R. B.
Hill, E. B.
Lawyer.
Cotton Manufacturer.
Holt, Lorenzo Farmer.
Holt, Lorenzo Carriage Painter and Trimmer.
Howe,
Truss Manufacturer.
E.
Hunt, Norton
Jaquith, Cliarles E. Manuf'r and Builder.
Kimball, A. H. Wool Carder, Cloth Dresser
and Dyer.
Langley, George H. Proprietor of Bakery.
Lee. Frank E.
Livingston, J. Cotton Manuf'r.
Livingston, Wm. G. Merchant.
Loveland, Sylvester D. Machinist.
Macumber, J. W. Stone Mason.
Mara, Charles
Marble, Robert C. Carriage Maker.
Mc Coy, Charles Largest Farmer and Stock
Grower in Peterborough.
Mc Langhlin, Patrick Watchman.
Mears, Franklin
Morse, L. Carpenter.
Nagley, C. H. Machinist.
Nickless, John H. Overseer.
Nooen's, Joseph
Son's. Woolen Manuf'rs.
Patterson, C. N. Overseer.
Preston, Charles A. Machinist.
Preston, Isaac F'. Machinist.
Proctor, A. J. Soap Manuf'r.
Rice, W. F. Machinist.
Robbe, Avarado.
Robinson, Charles E.
Proprietor of French's
Hotel.
Rourk, John
Livery Stable.
Lawyer.
Scott, Albert S.
Scott, Charles
High
Scripture, George II.
Sheriff.
Photographer.
Simous, S. Spinner.
Smith, Albert M. Spinner.
Smith, E. M. Lawyer.
Steele, John H.
Stationer.
Straw, Mi-8 E. Worsted Wreath and Bonnet
Manufactdrer.
Sweatt, Mrs. Maria B.
Tarbell, Solon Carriage Maker.
Templeton, H. H. Merchant Tailw.
Thoruing, C. A. Overseer.
Towne, E. A. Basket ManuPr.
Upton, Albert Trader.
Tose, Samuel I. Auctioneer.
Wheeler, C. A.
Slide Yoke Dairy Thermometer Manufacturer.
White, I. D
Farmer.
Wilder, Charles Manuf'r of Barometers and
Thermometers.
Wilder, George
Williams, Charles A. Loom Fixer.
Williams, John A. Second Overseer.
Wilson, L. P.
PITTSFIELD.
Adams, D. B. a
Aiken, Edward J. Tailor.
Bartlett, A. W.
Lawyer.
Bu/./.'ll, J. C.
Cashman, John C. Editor.
Cram, Chas. T. F'armer.
Cram, Frank E. Brick Maker.
Drake, N.
S.
Expressman.
Fosb, Jeremiah C. Carpenter.
Elliot. P. S.
F'oss & VVablron
Grain Dealers.
Foster, D. K. Teacher.
Ferrin, Charles E.
French, John C. Agent.
Muchmore, D. L.
Page, A. L. Machinist.
Saltmarsh, 0. C.
Sanborn, J. B. Painter,
Shaw, William
Farmer.
Smith, John
Tibbetts, Miles B.
Tibbetts, W. H. Mail Carrier.
True, Porter C. F'armer.
Tucker, John M.
Tuttle, Hiram A.
Mechanic.
Merchant.
Wadsworth, A. B.
Carpenter.
Webster, C. H.
PORTSMOUTH.
Alden, W. H.,D. D. Clergyman.
Alton, William Grocer and Provisions.
Akerman, Joseph
D.
Store.
Bailey, John H. Merchant.
Balch, E. H. Stable Keeper.
Barnard, ,1. G. Sash and Blinds.
Barris, Mrs. B.
Beachman, R. H. Stable Keeper.
Ar Showe, Johu Tea
W. Publisher.
Flour and Grain.
Joiner.
Buflord, M. City Clerk.
Butler, James D. Lawyer.
Burleigh, J. B. Picture Frames.
Buzzell, H. B. &, Son
Books and Stationery.
Call, Thomas E.
Caswell, J. W. Fish Dealer.
Brewster, Lewis
Brooks, J. & Co.'
Brown,
F. S.
Charlesworth, Eml. Confectionery and Oyster
Saloon, Cor. Bridge and Congress Streets.
Clark, George W. Stoves and House Furuisuing Goods.
Clark, H. M.
Coffin,
Edward
Coleman,
D.
Painter.
Merchant.
J. L. D.
Curtis, Beuj. W. Physician.
Curtis, Joseph R. 61, Pleasant Street.
Dearborn, F. E. Hats, Caps and Furs.
Donaldson, S. J. Physician.
Dixon, Charles H. Carpenter.
Dixon, John
Downs,
Wm. &
Eldredge, M.
Son
Grocers.
Brewer.
W. Carriage Maker.
Elwyn, John
Elliot, S.
Elwyn, R. A. Clergyman.
Emery, George T. Miller, North
Mills.
Fernald, A. A. Lumber Dealer.
Feruald, A. R. H.
Paymaster, Kearsarge
Miils.
Flint, Edward
Folsom, Chaning
Teacher.
James Hiller Book Seller.
S. H.
Lawyer.
F'rizzell, John
F'rye, Horace
Express Agent.
F'oster,
Frink, J
Gates, S. II.
Gerrish, J. N. Saloon Keeper.
Gilbert, Sylvester Proprietor Liver Lozenges.
Goodall.E. B. Dentist.
Goodall & Marston Lawyers.
Ooodwin, Hon. Ichabod Merchant.
John A. Clergyman.
Goss,
Gould, C. W.
Grogan, W. M.
Giippy, Geo.
W.
Saloon Keeper.
Publisher.
Hackett, W. H. Y.
Lawyer.
Hall, George W. Billiard Hall.
Hall, J. P., M. D.
Physician.
Ham, J. E. & Co. Merchant Tailors.
Hanson, Geo. E. Druggist.
Hardy, A. C. Clergyman.
Harriman, George L. Stone Cutter.
Barman, L. L. Clergyman.
Hartnett, Richard Joiner and carriages.
Hegamen, Jos. Foreman Browery.
Hodgdon, George D. Lawyer.
Hooper, Samuel G. Grocer.
�NAMES OF SUBSCRIBERS.
Howard, A.
F.
Collector.
Hoyt, Martin Barber.
Huntress, Geo. M. Carriage Manufacturer.
IUsley, Wingate Insurance Agent.
Jenkins, D. E. Joiner.
Johnson, L. A. Dentist.
Jones, Frank Brewer & Malster.
Keeef, P. J. Cooper.
Kimball. R. P. Cashier First Nat. Bank.
Ladd. A. H. Merchant.
Laighton, L. M.
Lang, Dennis.
Locke, Woodbury Stable Keeper.
Lomhard, Henry Saloon Keeper.
Sea View House, Rye
Lougee, George G.
Beach.
Tailor and Agent L. E.
Mallsbender, John
Laritz veg. Wool Manf r & Preparation.
Manson, Herman. House Painter.
Marcy, Hon. Daniel Commercial man.
Marden, Gee A.
Marden, Levi W. Painter.
Marsh, George M.
Marston & Fernald. Publishers.
Martin, W. K. Mast Maker.
Marvin, X. E. 0. City Mayor.
Mc Donough, Richard Painter.
Melcher, G. F.
Jeweler.
Miller, Israel P. Editor.
Mills, John S.
Saloon Keeper.
Mills, S. U. Carriage Builder.
Mitchell, John Saloon Keeper.
Moat, W. J.
Morre, John Tinman.
Morrison, J. H.
Moses, John G. Ship Owner.
Moses, John W. Tailor and Draper.
Moses, Thos. P. Artist and Music Teacher.
Myers, Chas. E. Merchant Tailor.
Newton, W.
C.
Thompson, J. H. Wood and Coal Dealer.
Thompson, J. H. & Son Confectiouers.
Thompson, Samuel R. Machinist.
Thorndike, B. F. Job Printer.
Tibbetts, J. M. Millinery.
Tiffaney & Sou Contractors and Builders
of
Tiffaney Gas Works.
Treadwwll, Samuel P. Cabinet Maker.
Trefethen, Andrew J. Hair Dresser.
Tucker, S. A
Carnage and Wood Worker.
Vaughau, D. J. U. S. Pension Agent.
Walden, Richard Grocer.
Walkler, Wm. P. Merchant Tailor.
Ward,
Wm.
Ward well.
Distiller.
Groceries and Provisions.
T.
Wendell, Henry F. Auctioneer and Appr.
West, E. B.
Whitehouse, George T. Saloon Keeper.
Whitteer, S. C. M. D. Physician.
Horse Shoers.
Wiirgin, Thomas & Son
Wilson, Andrew Hackle Maker.
Winbarton, H. A. Foreman Distiller.
Woodman, S. B. Rockingham House.
Woods, Charles
RAYMOND.
Fernanda E. Shoemaker.
Frank G. Landlord.
Gordon Candy.
Mrs. Joseph Candy.
Blake, Wm. B. Merchant.
Brown, John D. Miller.
Fullington. Joseph Clergyman.
Fiske, Joseph W. Farmer.
Green, William B. Shoemaker.
Harriman, S. W. Farmer.
Higley, Hayden Merchant.
Bean,
Bean,
Bean,
Bean,
W.
Blacksmith.
D. Shoe Manufacturer.
F'remont Shoemaker.
Pecker, Geo. A. Landlord.
Ladd,
Ladd,
J.
Wm.
Littlefieli,
Grocer.
Grocer.
Norton, James
Norton, C. A. Homeopathic Physician.
Nutter, Wm. H. City Farm.
Owen, Eleazar Clergyman.
Oxford & Johnson Grocers.
Parsons, J. W., M. D. Physician.
Peirce, Albert 8. Rockingham House.
Peirce, D. H.
Peirce. E. G., Jr. Postmaster.
Pendexter, Oeo. W. Builder.
Perry, Cooledge
Plummer, Cyrus Baker.
Rand, A. H. HI. Market
663
St.
Randall, R. L. Fish Dealer.
Rice, B. F. Shipsmith.
Rix, A. W. Machinist.
Rix, George L.
Roberts, Richard Eldredge's Brewery.
Robinson, C. Merchant.
Roche, Edward B. Pedler.
Rollins, William H. Lawyer.
Rowe, Samuel Merchant.
Rugg, James A. Box Manufacturer.
Rugg, lvah M. Box Manufacturer.
Russell, Wm. F. Grocer.
Sanborn, James
George Market St. Hotel.
Agricultural Implements
J. L.
Seymore, Ira C. Blacksmith.
Sheehan, Thomas J. Grocer.
Simpson, Charles E. Merchant Tailor.
Slatter, John H. Groceries, Boots and Shoes.
Smith, Lewis E. Teacher.
Smith, Geo. W.
Sowesby, Jane W. Baker.
Scott,
Seavey,
ROLLINSFORD.
Beedle, Rufus
Painter.
Cheney, Charles Farm r.
Cook, John R. R. Service.
Dame, H. C. Farmer.
Decatur, Samuel H. Farmer.
Garvin, James H. Farmer.
Garvin, Wm. R. Farmer.
Guppy, Wm. H. Farmer.
Ham, Morris Farmer.
Ham, Samuel Farmer.
Pinkham, Mary E.
Aaron Farmer.
Roberts,
Roberts,
Roberts,
Roberts,
Farmer.
Farmer.
Farmer and Ex-Judge.
Rollins, Joshua U. Carpenter.
Rollins, Thomas Farmer.
Spencer Alphonzo H.
Stackpole. Lorenzo Farmer and Milk Dealer
Wentworth, Gustavus Farmer.
Wentworth, Seleucus Farmer.
Charles C.
J. D.
H. R.
SALMON FALLS.
Abbott, Ichabod Moulder.
Allen, Charles D. Overseer iu Cloth Room.
Bradford, W. P. Carpenter.
Converse, Joshua Agent of Manufg Co.
Cunningham, Hugh Moulder.
Duffy, Luke
Edmonds, Joseph Blacksmith.
Farnham, Edw. P. Carpenter.
Stevens, A. P., D. D. S. Dentist.
Stott, John W. Grocer.
Taylor, George Oyster Saloon.
Fernald, R. C. Grocer.
Ham, W. A. Butcher.
Herbert, William Clergyman.
Horr, W. H. Physician.
Lin-cott, J. B. Painter.
Thatcher, J. H.
Morton, Albert
Mechanic.
�NAMES OF SUBSCRIBERS.
66±
W. H. Cash. Salmon Falls Bank.
Pinkhaiu. Leonard II. Butcher.
Wheeler, Isaiah
Whitcouib, James 0.
Russell, Luke R. Machinist.
Speed, C. D. Machinist.
Stevens, Edw. A. Foreman Iron
Wilkinson, F. B. Barber.
Willey, J. P. Machinist.
Woodward, James
TILTON.
Brown, B. W. Lumber Dealer.
Cass, W. T.
Iona Savings Bank.
Cate, Asa P. (Nortbtield,) Judge of
Gilmore, John L. Book-keeper.
Morton,
Foundry.
SONAPEE.
Abbott, A. S. Harne Maker.
Angell, C. B. Farmer.
Angell, John Farmer.
Batchelder, H. Station Agent.
Chase, James A. Sawyer.
Colburn, Lyman Farmer.
Eastman, H. P. Hame Maker.
Emery. D. F. Lumber Dealer.
Emery, S. F. Farmer.
Emory, C. II. Hame Maker.
Hurd, J. B. Farmer.
Hurd, S. F. Farmer.
Osboru, G. A. Hame Maker.
Osborn. 0. 0. Hame Maker.
Page, Frank Clothes Pin Maker.
Piper, John
Hame Maker.
Sargeant, M. G. Farmer.
Smith, James B. Painter and Furniture
Whitker, G. Farmer.
Young, Abiather Peg Manuf'r.
Young, Wm. Farmer.
P.
Lord, A. C. Jeweler.
Noyes, J. B. Manufacturer.
Perkins, J. L.
Thorpe
Tilton Druggists.
Towns, T. M. Manufacturer.
Wardwell, P. G. Physician.
Blaisdell,
Moses
S.
Pratt, H. L. Cotton Manufacturer.
Pratt, Theo. 0. Clergyman.
Taylor, J. F. Trader.
<fe
WARNER.
Adams, Henry G. Mechanic.
Andrews, John M. Farmer.
Andrews, Joseph P. Farmer.
D'lr.
SUTTON.
Lumber Dealer.
Blauchard, Samuel
Brownsou, Austin S. Physician.
Cheney, A.
Cheney, Gilbert J.
Cressey, A. Dealer in Stoves and Tin Ware.
Eastmau, Rev. T. B. Clergyman.
Eaton, Geo. C. Farmer.
Flint, Calvin Clock and Watch Repairer.
Fowler, Charles A.
Fuller, Geo. C.
Physician.
Johnson, Benj. Trader.
Hoyt, Wm. C. Painter and Paper Hanger.
Marshall, W. H. Wheelwright.
Nelson, J. A.
Nye, Newell J. Harness Maker.
Page, Enoch Farmer.
Peaslee, James M.
Peaslee, Isaac Clergyman.
Pillsbury, Benj. P.
Prescott, James D. Farmer.
Simley, James R. Physician.
Wadleigh, Thomas Farmer.
Watkins. Jason II. Farmer.
Wells. Elliott Farmer.
Wheeler, Leonard Farmer.
TEMPLE.
Bacon,
Wm.
P.
Brown. Nathan A.
Burton, James E.
t'hilds, Nathan
Dillon,
Thomas
L.
Durgin. Thomas
Edwards, S. W.
Farrar, Barnard
Farrar, Danforth
Fisk, Jeremiah
Fisk, M. H.
GiddiiiL's,
John
Giddings, Isaac Jr.
Haywood, Charles P.
Hidden, L.
Howard, Artemus M.
Kendall, Charles 0.
Mansfield, Solon
Sheldon, Nathan H.
Watson, Charles
Bartlett Bros., Excelsior Manuf'rs.
Bartlett, Frank Farmer.
Bartlett, Nathaniel C. F'armer.
Bartlett, 0. H. P. Mechanic.
Belknap. Hamlet Clerk in Hotel.
Benton, C. A. Tailor.
Watson, Blaisdell H. Box Manufacturers,
Lumber Dealers.
and
Buswell, H.
Postmaster.
Brown, W. A. Carpenter.
Burbank. David S. Farmer.
Burrell, Warren A. Mechanic.
Carroll, A. C. Merchant
Clark, A. A. Mechanic.
Clement, L. J. Farmer.
Clough, Reuben Farmer.
Colby, Charles H. Farmer.
Colby, Fred Myron Student.
Colby, Samuel F'armer.
Cole, E. C. High School Teacher.
Collins, Lemuel W. F'armer.
Davis, A. P
Sheriff and Insurance Agent.
Davis, E. H. Machinist.
Davis, Henry H. Farmer.
Davis, Lawrence E. Farmer.
Davis & Sawyer, Farmers and Grocers.
Davis, W. M. W. Speculator
Dow, Mrs. S. H.
Dowlin, J. H. Farmer.
Dunbar, M. & W. C. Farmers.
Edmunds, S. A.
Ela, James G. Merchant.
Ewins, John H. F.rmer.
George, John Attorney at Law.
George, John 2d Teacher.
Graves, F. W. Physician.
Hardy, Bartlett
Farmer.
Ilarrimau, A. W. Farmer.
Harriman, II. H. Engineer.
Hemphill, George A. Carpenter.
Hutchinson, Obadiah Farmer.
Mc Dole, David F'armer.
Morgan, John II. F'armer.
Morrill, J. H.
Osgood, John
Jeweler.
Shoemaker.
Pierce, Daniel Mechanic.
Paige, James D. Mechanic.
Palmer, E. W. Shoemaker.
Pattee, S. 0. F'armer.
Quimby, G. F.
Rand, George Mechanic.
Reddington, C. W. Mechanic.
Rix, J. M.
Physician.
Robertson, J. E.
Rogers, John Jr. Mechanic.
Rogers, J. S. Harness Maker.
Sargent, A. W.
�NAMES OF SUBSCRIBERS.
Sargent, Frank M. Farmer.
Savory, George Farmer.
Savory, Wm. D. Farmer.
Sawyer, Charles P. Farmer.
Scobey, Mrs. Rosella
Smith, Charley W. Mechanic.
Stevens, H. C. Farmer.
Turner, F B. Blacksmith.
Wadleigh, James A. Mechanic.
Watson, George Carpenter.
Watson, Humphrey S.
Wheeler, M. D. Blacksmith.
Whitcomb, Clark Mechanic.
Willis, Lemuel Clergyman.
WASHINGTON.
Atwood, Horace Cooper.
Bailey, Oilman Farmer.
Carr, M. U. Mechanic.
Colburn, H. H. Clergyman.
Cram. 0. T. Blacksmith.
Dole, M. H. Farmer.
Dresser, Woodbury Farmer.
Fowler, Frank A. Machinist.
John H. Mechanic.
Gordon. Freeman S. Mechanic.
Hadley, Mark M. Merchant.
Harthorn, L. Hosiery and Flannels.
Hurd, Fred Mechanic.
Lull, N. A. Merchant.
Frazer,
Mcllvien&Son
Wood, Sylvester
Butchers.
Physician.
WILTON.
Adams, Rev. D. D.
Clergyman 2d Congre-
gational Church.
Ames, Henry Station Agent, B. L.
& N. R. R.
Rodney, Cabinet Maker.
Batchelder, C. M. Farmer.
Blanchard, Gardner Breeder of Prime Fowls.
Blanchard, Sumner Boot Maker.
Bumpus, G.G. Supt. County Farm.
Burns, C. H. Lawyer.
Clark, Moses Treas. Wilton Savings Bank.
Cragin, Daniel Wooden Ware Manuf r.
Cram, T. B. R. R. Service.
Dascomb, Geo. L. Laborer.
Ball,
Dascomb, Joseph Farmer.
Emerson, H. L. Carpenter.
Emerson, Wm. Carpenter.
Epps, Henry D.
Express Messenger.
Fitch, A. P. Druggist.
Foster, Waldo, Farmer.
H.llahan, P. Catholic Priest.
Haselton, Charles Mason.
Holt, Henry A. Desk Manufacturer.
Jaques, Alfred E. Merchant.
Livermore, H. H.
Lynch, Edward
Stable Keeper Whiting
House.
May, Charles P. 0. Farmer.
Mc Oregor, John A.
Mc
Kay. John S.
Merchant.
Parkhurst, George Farmer.
Peavey. F. M. Dentist.
Preston, Samuel A.
Procter, D. E. Merchant.
Putnam, P. H. Furniture Manufacturer.
Neville, Geo. S.
Savage,
Wm. J.
Wm. E.
Putnam,
Ridout,
665
Cabinet Maker.
Undertaker.
Russel, Tlieron
Tarbell, Charles L.
Merchant.
Whiting, H. A. Milk, Grain and
Abbott, H.
Albee, Ellery
Atherton, Samnel
Bemis, Charles S.
Bryant, M. D.
Buffom, S. W.
Burnap, James T.
Chandler, Wm.
Colburn, Wm. P.
Colony, J. C.
Colt, A. C.
Currier,
John
Dickerson, Capt. Ansel
Felch, Wm. L. R.
Forbes, E. M.
Fosgate, W. Barrett
Guernsey, W. H.
Harmon,
E.
Holeman, J. 0.
Howard, A. M.
Lewis,
Wm.
H.
Lyman, Henry
Maxfield, A. L.
Morse, S. M.
Pierce, H.
Pratt, Charles
Pratt, H. M.
Pratt, H. W.
Sabin, D. T.
W.
Shampuey. Fred E.
Shrigley, Wm.
Stearn, D. C.
Stevens, N. E.
Stimpson, Edw. F.
Swain, D. S.
Swan, H. B.
Taft, H. A.
Town, Henry A.
Turner, A. B.
Wilson, R. R.
Woodbury, Andrew
Woodbury, A. B.
DORCHESTER.
Musician.
Blodgett, Eben J. Farmer.
Blodgett, Franklin Farmer.
Blodgett, John S. Farmer.
Blaisdell, Pettingill
Bowen, Warren W. Farmer.
Brooks, John W. Farmer.
Clough, Cliarles Farmer.
Follansbee, George Farmer.
Hopkins, Eldbridge Carpenter.
Leavitt, Albert Farmer.
Norris, Benj. R. Farmer.
Norris, John A.
Norris. Ira B. Farmer.
Merrill, John A. Farmer.
Reed, E. R. Farmer.
Wheeler, Amos P. Farmer.
Woodward, Henry H.
Civil Engineer.
MISCELLANEOUS NAMES FROM VARIOUS LOCALITIES.
Mc Daniels, Chas., Farmer, W.
Thomas, Merchant, Athol.
Hastings, Lyman B., Mechanic, Athol.
Duuckley, Henry H., Proprietor Hotel, Greenfield.
Fairbanks, Chester, Machinist, Lebanon.
Missou, John T Carpenter, Lebanon.
Bean, Henry A., Farmer, Lebanon.
Eastman, Edward, Mason, E. Lebanon.
,
Lumber.
WINCHESTER.
Springfield.
Pickering, C. H., Conductor B., L., & N. R. R.,
Boston.
Little, N. & Co., Blank Book Manufacturers,
Boston.
Parker, James, Ex. Messenger, Cambridgeport, Mass.
Shirland, W. E., New York City
�eee
NAMES OF SUBSCRIBERS.
Streeter, G. W., Esq., 63 Wall St. N. Y. City.
Parmelee, J. W., New York City.
Parmelee, Ezra. Physician, St. Lawrence Co.,
N. Y.
Johnson, G. W., Attorney at Law. Gosport,
N. Y.
Clement, E. B., Paper Maker, Ashland, N. H.
Mason, C. P., Buda, N. Y.
Odel, J. W., M. D., Greenland.
Junkins, N. 0., Physician, Greenland.
Stone, Ed. B., Worcester.
Marshall, John, Engraver, Boston.
Atkinson, Benj., Merchant, Plymouth, N. H.
Avery, J. £.. Farmer, Plymouth.
Moulton, C. C, Artist, Plymouth.
Yeaton, J. S.. Farmer. Plymouth.
Jackman, G. W\, Hotel, Haverhill, N. H.
Gale, F. B., Haverhill, N. H.
George, J. W., Haverhill.
Hutchinson, Z. N.. Haverhill.
Metcalf, P.. Haverhill.
Merrill, Henry, Haverhill.
Smith, C. G.. Proprietor Hotel, Haverhill.
Swazey, N.M., Haverhill.
Weeks", C. W., Haverhill.
Putnam, G. P., Attorney at Law, Warren.
Hackmer, John, Sandwich.
Drake, Beth 0., Sandwich.
Given, L., Kev., Meredith Tillage.
Ladd, S. A., Meredith Village.
Leavitt, L. R., Teacher, Meredith.
Richardson, Edward, Hancock.
Barker, E. B., Merchant, Franconia.
Richardson, R.
E.,
Lumber
Dealer, Bethel.
Brown, Thomas W., Clergyman, Dover.
Horton, Charles
Book-keeper, Dover.
Spalding, G. B., Clergyman, Dover.
Wyatt, Oliver, Merchant, Dover.
Foster, George M., Printer, Dover.
Malvern, L., Clergyman, Dover
Thurston, James, Clergyman, Dover.
Stewart, J. T., Clergyman, Dover.
Chamberlain, G. W., Attorney at Law, Dover.
Libbey, J. T. 0., Publisher, Dover.
Couch, H. H., Farmer, Salisbury.
Paige, C. A., Farmer, Salisbury.
Gilman, G. W., Farmer, Salisbury.
Walker, J. H., Farmer, Wilmot Flat.
Til ton, N. H., Tanner, Wilmot Flat.
Pierce, Charles W., Tanner, Wilmot Flat.
Pierce, Rufus P., Mechanic, Dublin.
Wields, Willard A., Mechanic, Hancock.
Melville, J. H., Farmer, Nelson.
Atwood, C. C, Merchant, Nelson.
Gould, M., Clergyman, Nelson.
Atwood, 0. P. & Sons, Clothes Pin Manuf rs,
Nelson.
Morse, Jewett, Farmer, Nelson.
Taylor, F., Chair Dealer, Munsonville.
Burgett, George L., Chairs, Trunks, &c, MunII.,
Bonville.
Kimball, J. L., Canvasser, Nelson.
Hersey, Elizabeth Mrs., Bennington.
Bryant, Daniel, Litchfield.
S., Litchfield.
Hill, A. G., Litchfield.
Daniel, S.
�ADDITIONAL NAMES OF SUBSCRIBERS.
ACWORTH.
CANDIA.
Barnard, L. P.
ANDOVER.
#
"White, C. J.
Farmer.
ANDOVER CENTRE.
Chase, H. J.
„
„
Chase, N. S. At Peg Manufactory.
Cochran, C. A. „
„
foster, Jacob, R. Peg Manufacturer.
Moody, M. G. Tinman.
Morgan, G. A. Manufacturer.
•
Morrill, C. A. Mechanic.
Palmer, Leonard,
Farmer.
Procter, John,
Woodbury, G. W. Mechanic.
Woodbury, Wm. D. Carpenter.
ANTRIM.
W.
Adams, James Cle.-g\ man.
Bachelder, James R. Carponter.
Brown, John A. Farmer.
Brown, Frank P.
Buswell, S. Augustine Shoemaker.
Gate, John W. Farmer and Lumber Dealer.
Dearborn, George J.
Dolber, Mrs. M. .*. Teacher.
Dudley, Woodbury J. Merchant.
Edgerly, Andrew J. Farmer.
Emerson, D. F.
Fisk, Albin W.
Dry Goods Dealer.
Shoemaker.
French, John P. Farmer.
Heath, Aaron Shoemaker.
Langford, Joseph C.
Lothrop, N. C. Clergyman.
Lovejoy, <;. E. Clergyman.
Marden, John E. Shoemaker.
Marden. George W. Farmer.
Partridge, William Shoemaker.
Patten, A. F'rank Farmer.
Patten, Rufus E. Farmer.
Insurance Agent.
Bass, Eben Farmer and Auctioneer.
Brackett, II. T. Farmer.
Brooks, Levi II. Stone Mason.
Bryer, John R. Blacksmith.
Carr, W. K. Farmer.
Carr, Wm. R. Farmer.
Christie, Morris Physician.
Cochran, Warren R. Clergyman.
Dodge, Brothers Furniture Manufacturers.
Duncan, John M. Builder.
Dustin. B. F. Farmer.
Farmer.
J. H.
Watson, Joseph Stone Mason.
Weeks, Geo. Forrest Clergyman.
Wentworth, Samuel G. Farmer.
Willey, George W. Shoemaker.
Trader.
Gilmore, W. II. Wheelwright.
Man'fr. of Cutlery
Goodell, D. H.
Currier, Albert L.
Baker, E.
Reynolds, Wm. 0. Shoemaker.
Kobinson, George F. Union Hotel.
Smith, Levi D. Shoemaker.
Farmer and Lumber Dealer.
Trnell. Asa T.
Trussell, Warren M. Stone Cutter.
Wason,
Fairfield, A.
CHESTER.
& Apple
Parers.
Hadley, John S. Farmer.
Ilerrick, N. B. Farmer.
Holmes, Ira Farmer.
Loveren, Josiah Lumber Dealer.
Parmenter, O. F. Farmer.
Bwett, Daniel Farmer.
Tuttle. Wm. N. Mason.
Whittemore, Reede P. Farmer.
AUBURN.
Sanborn, H.
C.
Farmer.
BENNINGTON.
W. Manufacturer.
W. S. Contractor.
Burns, G.
Carkin.
Hotel Keeper.
Cheney, Luther,
Dodge, J. C. Farmer.
Eaton, William. Carpenter.
Felch, Benj. D. Farmer.
Gilmore, Wm. H. Wheelwright.
Griswold, Geo. P. Butcher.
Mechanic.
Ilackett, Michael.
Holmes, James. Clergyman.
Holt, Henry D. Mechanic.
Farmer.
CONCORD.
Abbott, Downing Co. Carriage M'frs., 2 copies.
Abbott. J. H.
Abbott, F. D. Clerk.
Adams, C. G. Dealer in Ales.
Adams, G. H. Dealer in Ales wholesale.
Allen, D. C. Machinist.
—
Asvlum
for the Insane.
Bailey, E. C. Editor.
Dalian & Curtice, Man'frs Organs
Batchelder^J. T. Grocer.
Biddle, B. Depot Restaurant.
& Melodeons
Blanchard, J. S. Dry Goods.
Blauchard, G. S. Attorney at Law.
Blanchard, Geo. A. Blauchard Churn.
Boynton, C. M. Clerk.
Grocer.
Butterfield, Sam.
Call, Horace Dealer in Lumber.
Carroll, L. II. Dining Rooms.
Carter, S. Ion State Treasurer.
Carter, Andrew B. Grocer.
Carter, Oren T. Grocer.
Chase,
J.
II.
Clifford, J. E.
Stoves and Tinware.
Boots and Shoes.
�NAMES OF SUBSCRIBERS.
668
Clough,
Coffin,
Wm.
A.
CONTOOCOOK.
Book-keeper.
Frank Wholesale Flour Dealer.
John City Marshal,
Connell,
Corning, Charles II., Law Student, Concord.
Corning,
II.
Ilair Dresser.
Crockett, Geo. W. Confectioner.
Crocker, J. R. Prop. Phoenix Hotel.
Crowell, Robert T. Druggist.
Cumniings Geo. A. Marble Worker.
Duilge, Howard A. Wholesale Hardware Deal.
W
Dow,
.
C0NT0C00KVILLB.
Hardon, Rev. Charles.
Jeweller.
C. J.
DEERFIELD.
Downing. A. Carriage Manufr.
Drew, A. E. Clergyman.
Durgin,
Brown, 0. W. Carpenter.
Dustin, Mark G. Commercial Agent.
Gray, Geo. A. Merchant.
Osborn, A. J. Carpenter.
Seavey, Daniel Carpenter.
W.
B.
Silver
Chase, Alden B. Blacksmith.
Chase, Wm. F. Farmer.
Ware ManuPr,
Dutton, J S. Prop. Elm House.
Eastman, Chas. S. Druggist.
Eastman, E. C. Books and Stationery.
Cram,
Edgerly, J. W. & Co. Grocers.
Emery, Geo. H. '-Concord Harness."
Danforth, Dea.
Farley, <ieo. B. Marble Worker.
Ferrin, II. L. Grocer.
Hill,
John
Geo.
Merchant
II.
W.
Hoit, J. Frank
Tailor.
Clerk.
Grocer.
Humphrey, Moses Kit Manufacturer.
Hutchins, Abel Wholesale Flour Dealer.
Johnson, J. D. Harnesses and Trunks.
Jones, Seth K.
Jones, D. B. Millinery Goods.
Jones, A. G. Farmer.
Kilburn, Mrs. E. G.
Kimball, John Mayor.
Kimball, W. G. C. Photographer.
Knight, Jeweller.
Knee, E. J. Hair Dresser.
Ladd, W. D. Iron Dealer.
Lang, T. M., 2d. Clerk in Pension Office,
Lock, J. 8.
Mayers, R.
Merrill, J.
ball, D.
IS.
Billiard
-
Rooms.
Livery Stable.
Bros.
Clothing.
v
lb. we Machine Co. By R. Ramedell, General Agent, 161 Maine St., State office
the Elias Howe Sewing Machine.
Tilton, C. F. Picture Frames.
Todd, Geo, B. Bnpt of Northern R. R.
of
Underbill, F. B.
Dry Goods.
Merchant Tailor.
Upton, J. H.
Walker, Gost. Wholesale Hardware Dealer.
W lute, Nathaniel U. S. & Canada Express.
White John If. Prop. Eagle Hotel.
M bit, her, B. 0. Wholesale Flour and Grain.
Young, Geo. B. Iron Fence.
Dpham, W.
Civil Engineer."
•
Mechanics.
Mill.
F"armer.
Farmer.
Undertaker.
Prescott, S. jr. Farmer.
Prescott, George P. Farmer.
Robinson, Gilbert Farmer &
Dining Rooms.
Owen, Frank Dealer in Wines, &c.
Prescott, A. J. Organ Manufacturer.
Prescott, E. P. Wholesale Flour and Grain.
Robinson, A. U. Physician.
Saflbrd, H. G. Clergyman.
B oborn, Chas. P.
Attorney at Law.
Sargent, Frank A. Piano Maker.
Bhaw, W. D. Hats and Clothing.
Shaw, J. D. Artist.
Sinclair, H. M. Eating Rooms.
Shirley, John M. State Reporter.
Stevens, Frank M. Dealer in Wines, 4c.
Stewart, T. W. Merchant Tailor.
The
W.
Merchant.
Drew, Rufus Farmer.
Fifleld, H. L. Shoemaker.
Fogg, Franklin Farmer.
Freese, Wm. G. Farmer.
Furnald, D. S. Farmer.
Gerrish, B. & E. F. Shoemakers.
Giles, C. N. Farmer.
Haines, Samuel G. Farmer.
Hoag, Joseph Farmer.
Hoitt, Horace M. Shoemaker.
James, C. L. Farmer.
King, W. E. Music and School Teacher.
Ladd, Lewis A. Insurance Agent.
Ladd, David B.« Farmer.
Morrison, Isaac H. Farmer.
Moulton, Daniel I'. Farmer and Cooper.
Norris, L. B.
Moore. Chas. P.
Moore, James & Sons, Wholesale Hardware.
Moore, II. P. Silver Types.
Murphy, Eugene 0. Harness Maker.
National State Capitol Bank.
New
Geo.
S. C.
Osgood, J. S.
Prei-cott, J. F.
Wood, Coal and Ice.
Dry Goods.
S. Carriage Manufr.
Norton, W. K.
Noyes, George
W. &
Dow, John A. Portable Steam Saw
Fogg, Geo. G.
Ford & Kimball, Iron Foundry.
Groves, W. H. F. Gold and Silver Engraver.
Hadley, Amos Supt. Pub. Sch. in Concord.
Hill,
Music Teacher and Agent.
J. C,
Currier, T.
Lumber Dealer.
Robinson, J. J. Farmer.
Robinson, Simeon A. Farmer.
Rogers, A., Deerfield & Danville
Shooks.
Ring, I. & E. S. Shoemakers.
Sanborn, T. W. Mason.
Sanborn, B. J. Merchant.
Sanborn, R. J. Farmer.
Shore, William Blacksmith.
Smith, J. S
Farmer.
Stevens, Daniel M. Farmer.
Stone, Joseph Mechanic.
Stearns,
John
Thompson, Wm.
Tilton,
II.
J.
Towle, G. H.
Lumber
G.
Tucker, Chas. C.
Lumber and
Dealer.
Farmer and Lumber Dealer.
Farmer.
Farmer.
jr.
Physician.
M. V. B. Farmer and Lumber Dealer.
Walker, H. C. Clergyman.
Whittier, Addison S. Farmer.
Whittier, Daniel L. Farmer.
Tilton,
DEERING.
Chase, Dennis R.
Farmer.
Codman, Mendal, Farmer.
Cressey, Horace B. Farmer.
Dow, E. C. Blacksmith.
Kll is, John E. Carpenter.
Ellinwood, James S. Farmer.
Gilmore, Frank, B. Farmer.
Wm. II. Wheelwright.
Gove, Joseph N. Farmer.
Gove, J. G. Carriage Manufacturer.
Goodall. Lewis, Attorney at Law.
BUI, Gilbert P. Shoe Maker
Holton, Edwin C. Student.
Loveren, Warren, Farmer.
Morrill, J. G. Farmer.
Muzzey, Ervin D. Farmer.
Giltnore,
�NAMES OF SUBSCRIBERS.
Putney, Almon, Farmer.
Sears, Geo. H. Farmer.
Clergyman.
S. C.
Morrill, J. J. Farmer.
Sanborn, C. A.
Smith, J. P.
Thompson, W. Le.
Kimball,
Smith, Isaac, Farmer.
Varney, Albert L. Student.
Whitaker, Hiram H. Farmer.
DORCHESTER.
GILMANTON.
Burnham, Nathaniel,
Farmer.
Burpee, Marshall, Farmer.
Cheever. Sam'l, Farmer.
Fitts, John M. Merchant.
Reed, Hiram, Farmer.
Streeter, L. M.
Farmer.
Allen, L. B. Teacher in Penmanship.
Blake, Joseph. Clergyman.
Brown, Joseph. Merchant.
Buswell, Samuel, Farmer.
Farmer and Lumber
EAST ANDOVER.
Durgan, Clark. Mechanic.
Emery, E. (1. Fanner.
Hersey, F. G. Lumberman and Farmer.
Kilborn, Henry W. Farmer.
Moody, Rev. II. Clergyman.
Severance, T. Farmer.
Farmer.
Newell, Albert N. Farmer.
Noose, John B. Insurance Agent.
Page, AsaT. Farmer.
Page, Luther E.
Peasley, Henry W.
Peasley, Zaccheus. Farmer.
Potter, Thomas G. F'armer
Ross, George W. Undertaker and Painter.
Sanborn, Alvan E. Student.
Sanborn, G. W. Farmer.
Smith, A. A. Blacksmith.
Bean, John P. Farmer.
Bussell, Samuel, Farmer.
FRANCESTOWN.
Barrett, Cyrus A. Wheelwright.
Belcher, Lyman, Blacksmith.
Bradford, T. B.
Merchant.
Bank
Treasurer.
Bryant, Chas. P. Farmer.
Campbell, II. F. Clergyman.
Cochran, R. 0. Farmer.
Cochran, Win. Farmer.
Colburn, James L. Trader's Clerk.
Downes, S. D. Trader.
Dunklee, F. II. Miller.
Duncklee, Geo. A. Farmer.
Eaton, Sam. W. Farmer.
Emerson. K. W. Farmer.
Epps, Geo. D. Blacksmith.
Farnuin, W. H. Hotel Keeper.
Fisher, Moses B. Farmer.
Farmer.
Hill, Edmund N.
Holt, Stephen, Farmer.
Joslyn, Samuel 0. Farmer.
Langdell. Elzaphan, Farmer.
Lord, Wm. A. Farmer.
Manahan, Horace M. Miller.
Morse, John G. Farmer.
Patch, Hiram, Farmer.
Farmer.
Pettee, Geo. F.
Roper, E. F. Machinist.
Simpson, Henry Y. Physician.
Taylor, T. E. Teamster.
Wilson, Chas. E. Student.
Woodward, Abner B. Farmer.
Varney, Edwin. Merchant.
Wright, Nahum. Physician.
GREENFIELD.
Blanchard, Henry W. Farmer.
Brooks, John S. Butcher.
Dunklee, Henry II. Hotel Keeper.
Farrington, Isaac, Farmer.
Hopkins Bros. Lumber and Grain Dealers.
Peavev, Geo. S. Cattle Dealer.
Partridge. S. II. Phyiscian ami Clergyman.
Wallace, Chas. D. Shoemaker,
GROTON
HANCOCK.
«
FRANCONIA.
Davis,
Noah
Barber, Alfred, Gardener.
Carlton, J. Carpenter.
Dane, John B. Stage Agent.
Davis, Joseph, Farmer.
Hill. John P.
Little, J. L.
Farmer.
Farmer.
Matthews, Samuel, Farmer.
Nesmith, Jonathan, Farmer.
Patten David, Hotel Keeper.
HENNIKER.
Clement, Edwin B.
Eastman, Geo. A.
Wood, Geo. D.
V. B.
Farmer.
HOOKSET.
Docham, J. N.
W.
Paper Maker.
Farmer.
HILLSBOROUGH.
Farmer.
GILFORD VILLAGE.
Eaton,
Tanner and Currier.
Foster, A.J.
L.
Sanbon, Alvah 0.
Farmer.
Swett, George L.
Parker, E. B., Merchant, Franconia.
GILFORD.
Gilmanton Academy. Library.
Haynes, Wm. & Son. Rake Manufacturers.
Hill, Charles W. Farmer.
Hill, J. P., Farmer.
Hutchinson, F. Watches and Clocks.
Jenkins, Lewis. Farmer.
Jones, John W. Blacksmith.
Lougee, Stephen G. Former.
Marsh, J. & E. Propr's. Washington House.
Merrill, Chas. E.
EAST WILMOT.
Bixby, Thomas E.
Farmer.
French, Warren B.
Alley, J. Farmer.
Bussitt, H.M. Mechanic.
Durgan, F B. Mechanic.
Stevens, Sylvester.
Augusta E.
Colcord, Richard R. Shoe workman.
Collins, 0. F. & F. T.
Connell, John. Merchant.
Edgerly, Etta M. Teacher.
Foss, Alvah. Farmer,
Farmer.
i'rench, Merwin E.
Collin,
DOVER.
Prescott, Capt. Sam'l
Dealer.
669
Hunter H.
Gile, Benj. J.
Harness Maker.
�NAMES OF SUBSCRIBERS.
670
Gifford, 0. G.
Gordon, W. O.
Hanson, R. R.
Saw Mill.
Saw Mill.
Haselton, George W.
Jones, Walter.
Jordou, James.
Nutting, Elien H.
Peaslee, Daniel W. Carpenter.
Reumley, Albert.
LACONIA.
Blaisdell,
W.
M.
Farmer.
Bla sdell, John C. Farmer.
BlaisdelL Wm. P.
Greene, E C. Carpenter and Builder.
Johnson, Charles H. Blacksmith.
Lougee, Curtis J. Painter.
Richardson, Chas. F. Farmer.
Robinson, Prank I. Farmer.
Robinson, John II. Farmer.
Sanborn, Jacob Farmer.
Webster, Jacob G.
Whittier, Moses J. Carriage Maker.
Woodman,
Ella.
LACONIA TILLAGE.
Attorney at Law.
Croggan Andrew.
Dow, Fred. Spinner.
Copp, Gustavus A.
Elkins, C. II.
Baker.
Frye, Joseph F. Carpenter.
Fullerton, C. H. Druggist.
Gilman, David.
Gove, Mary J.
Jewett, Samuel.
Oram, Charles E. Machinist.
Paige, Asa F. Painter.
Pearson, II. C. Spinner.
Taylor, Fred. Spinner.
Weeks, G. W., of Weeks Bros.
II.
Dry Goods.
Machinist.
Merchant.
Aldricl), I. M.
Merchant.
Appleton. William Jr. Hosiery.
Bailey, Mrs. Sarah J.
Baker, T. D.
Berry & Merrill.
Bowler, Thomas.
Brown, C. F. Merchant.
Brown, Levi 13. Stable Keeper.
Bugbee, II. 0. Merchant.
Bnrnham, W. I. Moulder.
Buzzell,G. M. Hair Dresser.
Clark. J. II. Clergyman.
Clark, S. C. Attorney at Law.
M
Machinist.
Treas. Cole Mannf g Co.
Cole, 15. J.
Cole, Kimball
Moulder.
Cole, S. B. Capt. Steamer,
Co'ik, J.
Cox,
I>.
M.
W.
S.
M.
"Stocking Trimmer."
S.inboru, David.
Aldrich, Johsi
E.
Hoit,
Houston, W. G. Barber.
Huntress, N. C. At J. Pepper's Mill.
Jewell, B. F. Merchant.
Kennedy, Geo. L. Frame work Knitter.
"
Kennedy, Robert
Leavett. Christopher Overseer in Appleton's
Hosiery Mills.
Leavett, James Knitting.
Lougee. Frank W. Blacksmith.
Mitchel, R. W. Conductor.
Moore, J. C. Physician.
Morse, Lizzie.
Moulton. 0. M. Machinist.
Murphy, M. T. Overseer at Pepper's Mill.
Oakes, Simeon S. Machinist.
Odell, J.L. Druggist.
Olin, J. T. Iron Melter.
Ryan, Edward
Ryder, C. M.
Adams, Williams
Clough,
Gerald, Laura.
Gilman, Mrs. Abbie M.
Gordon, J. E.
Gray, John Farmer.
Hall, K. S. Clergyman.
Haynes, A. C. Conductor on R. R. Cars.
Haynes, M. A. Editor of Lake Village Times.
Hendley. John B. Merchant.
Hodgdon. Sam. Hosiery Manuf r.
Machinist.
Peaslee, B. F.
Pepper, John Hosiery Manufr.
Pepper, W. H. Machinist.
Robie, C. D. & Co. Merchants.
Rublee, II. F. Blacksmith.
LAKE VILLAGE.
Abel, William
Chief Engineer on Steamer
Folsom, Josiah
" Ladv of the Lake."
Foss, D. B.
George, Otis Carder at J. Pepper's Mill.
"Lady of the Lake."
Wheelwright and Machinist.
Machinist.
Carrier, J. E. Blacksmith.
dishing, R. B. Dentist.
Dames, Dorethy.
Daniels, J. F.
Latch Needle Mauufr.
Darke. D.G.
Davis, John.
Dearborn, John n. Printer.
Dearborn, R. EL Railroad Employee.
Dodge, M. E.
Sanborn. Machinist.
Shackford, N.
Sheeper, Chas. M. Farmer.
Shute, Fannie D.
Simnuns, H. Bleacher.
Simpson. James A. Mechanic.
Smith, A. V. Moulder.
Smith, Ruins.
Sprey, John Stocking Trimmer.
Steele, Joseph.
Story, D. B. Belknap House.
Sturtevant, George Teamster.
Swain, John II. Clerk in Drug store.
Swazy, H. W. Job Teaming and Wood dealer
Taylor, Miles Station Agent.
Taylor, 0. C. Carder.
Tilton, Bettie.
Tucker, Arthur Machinist.
Ward, E D. Photographer.
WardweUl C. P. S. Needle ManuPr.
Webster, John.
Wheeler, E. H. Railroad.
Whittier, J. P. Traveling Salesman.
Whitten, S. Needle Manufr.
Whitman, F. C. Railroad Shop.
Whitting, Annie S.
Wilcomb, Edgar
Wilder. Geo. A.
Woodworth, W.
II.
Merchant, Gen'l Assortment
Needle Manufr.
E.
LEBANON.
Donevan, J. G.
Durrell,.!. M. Machinist.
Barber, Lovell F. Farmer.
Barker, Daniel Farmer.
Bean, Henry A. Farmer.
Bennett, G. Merchant.
Benton, C. C.
M. R. Car Builder
Ellsworth.
Fergesou, David Conduct, on Passenger cars
Billings, II. S. Farmer.
Bixliy, A.
Foundry.
Blaisdell, Edson U. Farmer.
ElkiiiB,
�671
NAMES OF SUBSCRIBERS.
English, John AY. Farmer.
Farr, Evarts AY. Attorney at Law.
Farr, George. Proprietor Oak Hill House.
Farr, Nelson C. Merchant.
Farr, Noah. Farmer.
Mechanic.
Bliss, Philetus
Farmer.
Bliss, II. E.
Blodgett, G' orge Farmer.
Bowles, W. S. Dentist.
Breck, John T. Farmer.
Bridgeman, M. C. Auctioneer.
Buck, J. H. Farmer.
Calley, F.
M.
Chandler, J.
Fisher, H. J. Furniture Dealer.
Flanders, Nathaniel. Farmer.
Furber, George C. Editor of Republic.
Printer.
Mechanic.
Graham,
Editor.
Shop * Foundry.
Farmer.
Dunbar, II. B. Poultry Dealer.
Durant. E. J. Merchant.
Eastman, Edward Mason.
Fairbanks, Chester Machinist.
Freeman, C. F. Farmer.
Gallop, Mrs. Susan E.
Farmer.
Gile, A. R.
Deming, N.
Goodrich, H. P. Stair Builder.
Hall, A. A. Prop. Lafayette Hotel.
Harvey, H.
Heath, E. M. Farmer.
Hildrith, C. M. Hardware, Cutlery
Farmer.
Hatch, 0. C.
Holmes, Arial. Lumber Dealer.
Hntchins, F. D. Teacher.
Kilburn Brothers. Photographers.
Lovejoy, Chas. H. Doors. Sash and Blind
R. Re-'t., Hotels, etc
Marsh, Sylvester.
Mclntire, Alex. Lumber Dealer.
Farmer.
Mills, A. H.
Paddleford, P. H. Millwright and Machinist.
Parker, D. C.
Parker, Ira. Glove Manufacturer.
Parker, L. II. Hair Dresser.
Parker, Silas & Co. Tanners and Curriers.
Printer for Kilburn Bros.
Peavey, Jas. 8
Quimby, John C. Farmer.
Rand, Jane II.
Livery Stable and FarRichardson, Henry.
&
mer.
,
Sanborn, L. D. & Co. Furniture Dealers.
Sawyer, S. C. Dentist.
Stoves.
Hoytt, Mary B.
Kelsey, H. S. Soap Manafr.
Keniston, M. L. Farmer.
KeLney, L. P. Farmer.
Kecdrick, E. A. Cashier of Bank.
Kendrick, F. B. Watch-maker.
Knight, E. A. Physician.
Lathrop, Geo. H. Farmer.
Liscomb, E. P. Postmaster.
Mahan, C. B. Machinist.
Miller, J. A. Farmer.
Miner, John T. Carpenter.
Orcutt, Hiram Prin. Tilden Female Seminary.
Packard, C. W. Farmer.
Lumber
Stevens, T. M. Jeweler.
Thayer, H. L. Proprietor Thayers Hotel.
Towne, H. G. Farmer.
AYatson, H. L. Physician.
AYeeks, Alonzo. Boot & Shoe Dealer & Mannt
AYhitney, F. G. Edge Too! Maker.
AYoodward. Edge Tool Maker.
Young, Cyrus. Livery Stable.
MANCHESTER.
Abbott, E.O. Fruit, Confectionery 4 Fancy
Goods.
Allen & Flanders Civil Engineers.
Baldwin, James & Co. Bobbins and Shuttles.
Blodgett, AY. C. Carpenter.
Dealer.
Farmer.
Farmer.
M. F. Mechanic.
Bichardson,
Kice, L. M. Farmer.
Ross, D. M. Mechanic.
Boioe, F. M.,
Restaurant.
Mechanic.
Sawyer,
Sayer, Frank Livery Stable.
Simmons, N. S. Mechanic.
Spring, J. L. Attorney at Law.
Stone, B. F. Engineer.
Stowell, Alfred Mechanic.
Templeton, Lucy L.
Thomas. Edward Farmer.
Truman, Mrs. S.
S.
ics
Denney, & Bisco, Card Clothing Manufaeturers. Mechanics Row.
Dinsmore, A. & C. Lumber Dealers and Box
Manufacturers.
Mechanic.
Edgerly, Clarence M.
Elm
Insurance.
091
Fahey, Patrick
Fitzgerald, Martin Marble Worker.
Follansbee, H. A. Grocer.
Gerrish & Boutwell, Druggists.
Haddock, C.F. Shoe Manufacturer.
Hardy, E. T. Wholesale Dealer in Confectionery.
& Cigars.
Heselton, H. AV. Shoemaker.
Book Binder, Blank Book
Hoitt. Geo. C.
Manufacturer and Paper Ruler.
Hunkins, A. D. Cigar Dealer.
Kennedy, Edwin Clothing.
Kinne, M. Ar B. Carpenter & Lumber Dealer
Lamso'n & Marden, Granite Workers.
.
Depot Store.
Dealer.
Fire
Street.
Ales, AYines, Ac.
Charlton, John M. Farmer.
Chase, Chester P. Printer.
Cudworth, E. Lumber Dealer.
Dodge, Marshall C. Farmer.
Dunn, E. D. Contractor and Builder.
Lumber
Row.
Druggist.
II. G.
Daniels & Co., Hardware.
AYm. H. Book Keeper.
Darling,
Conner,
Bailoy, A. E.
Barrett. J. J. & AY. G. Insurance Agents.
Batchelder, A. S. Law Student.
Bingham, Geo. A. Lawyer.
Bishop, R. M. Contractor on Railroads.
Brooks, Ezra, Jr. Tailor.
Bugbee, R. Jr. Physician.
C. F.
8
Chandler, P. B., & Co. Clothing
Chevalier, J. Aug. Catholic Pastor.
Cleworth, John, Reed Manufacturer .Mechan-
LITTLETON.
Eaton, Charles.
Mechanic
Buck, AVm. E. Teacher.
Cassidy, AY. H. Carpenter and Builder.
Abbott, G. F. Druggist.
Aldrich, AVatson. Farmer.
Allen. Abijah. Farmer.
Eastman,
Groceries.
Druggists.
Roll Coverer.
Row.
AY. B.
Enos
Co.
Bradley, Charles B.
P.
Weeks,
&
Boutwell & Gerrish.
Sargent, A. AY.
AYhite,
P. S.
Cashier Littleton Nat'l Bank.
Clark, Asa
Cole, Bugbee & Co. Machine
Colby, Lucy A.
Con-tantine, M. Farmer.
Davis, W. F. Dentist.
Pattee, L. C.
Perley, M. P.
Pierce, F. AY.
Machinist.
Griggs, Alvin.
S.
Cheney, E. H.
I
�672
NAMES OF SUBSCRIBERS.
Lane, John G. Insurance. Plumer's Building
Leighton, Geo. A. Machinist.
Lowell, A. II. Iron Foundry, Castings of all
PETERBORO.
Gilligan, Daniel
Martin, R. W. Carriage Painter.
McCrillis & Son,
Carriage Man'frs.
Cor.
Bridge and Wilson sts.
Cody',
Boots and Shoes.
Messier, Octavius L. Groceries & Provisions.
Mooar, John Watches and Jewelry.
McDonald &
Morrill, N. E.
Insurance. 871
Catholic Pastor.
O'Brien. J.
Elm
Glass, Agricultural Tools, Seeds, etc.
A. W.
Carriage Manu'fr. 1168
Sanborn,
st.
Shelters & Lewis, Boot & Shoe Dealers.
Slayton, E. M. Wholesale Dealer in CountryProd iice, 494 Chesnnt St.
Sleeper, & Co. W. F. Grocers & Provision
Dealers.
Smith. J. A. V. Flier Manufacturer. Mechan
Row.
Smith. & Co. J. L. Box Manufacturers, Plane
ing Mill & Lumber.
ie's
Dealer in Nuts.
Tv.i-s, II. B.
VickerA Co
II. M.
Maufacturers of White
Spruce Beer. Ginger Ale & Soda.
Watts & Holmes Flour & Grain, wholesale.
Weeks, B. B. Druggist.
Williams, George G. Merchant Tailor. Globe
Block.
Wilson, Julius E.
Fire Insurance.
MASON.
Hammond,
Farmer.
Goodwin, Daniel, Clergyman.
Whittaker, George, Fruit Grower.
Elliot, J.
MEREDITH VILLAGE.
Bean, F. T.
Clergyman.
Burleigh, C. M. Hotel Druggist.
Cotton, A vah, Canvasser.
I
Dow, M.
E.
Lang, J. M. Merchant.
Moulton, II. II.
Xorris, Daniel, Undertaker.
Rollins, L.
W.
Stevens, Eben.
Thurston, 8. D. Farmer.
Wadleigh, Charles, Farmer.
Wndleigh, M. L. Farmer,
Wadleigh, S. T. Farmer.
NEW
BOSTON.
Butterficld, D. N. Manufacturer of Toy Bureaus, Iron Water Wheels and Machinery.
NEWMARKET.
Burley, Harrison G. Farmer.
Ervin, William Machinist.
Haines, ('. p. Batting Manufacturer.
Jenncss, Charles V. Pattern Maker.
Langlands, William Gardener.
Pendergost, Edmund B. Farmer.
Senter, N. F. Carriage Maker.
Smith, Cyrus G. Farmer.
Wiggin, Edwin
Wiggins, James
F.
S.
Farmer.
Merchant.
Weave Room.
Dodge, E. B. Lumberman.
Eastman, 0. G. Mechanic.
Flanders, 0. S. D. Mechanic.
Seavey, A. G. Miller.
Seavey, James. Mechanic.
RAYMOND.
Street.
Parmelee, J. II. Dentist.
Pike & Heald, Ranges, Furnaces, Plumbing.
Raymond, Wm. H. Stable Keeper.
Robie, John H.
Rockwell, A. L. Custom Boots & Shoes. 21
Stark Block.
Rogers, William C.
Hardware, Paints, Oils,
Elm
Overseer in
POTTER PLACE.
kinds.
Scribner, John Farmer.
Scribner, Charles W. Farmer.
RDMNEY.
Manfr. of Truss Pads.
Abbott Jos. Merchant.
Adams S. Carriage & Sleigh Manfr.
Ames, G. H. Glove Cutter.
Abbott, Daniel,
Ames, Frank P. Painter.
Atwood, Fre A. Farmer.
Avery, S. W. Ladder Mnfr.
i
D.
Hotel Keeper.
J. 0.
Teamster.
Blodgett, S. F. Shoe Workman.
Burnham, J. C. Mechanic.
Baker.
Blake,
S.
Bnrnham,
J.
W.
Farmer.
Farmer.
Buzzell, Abial,
Buzzell, Fred M. Ladder Manfr.
Chapman Chas. C. Ladder Manfr.
(base, J. W. Agt. Steam Washer for Grafton
County.
Colburn, J. A. Farmer.
Collins. George W.
Craig, B. M. Farmer.
Craig, C. C. Blacksmith.
Currier, W. P. Farmer.
Davis. Jacob, Brick Maker.
Doe, O. D. Farmer.
Elliot, Climera F. Miss.
Teacher.
Lumber Mnfr.
Elliot' C. H.
Lumber Manfr.
Elliot. E. H, & Brother,
Farnsworth, Miss. Belle C. Teacher.
Fifield, Dana,
Painter & Glazier.
Fletcher, George W. Buck Glove Manfr.
Ford, II. R. Painter & Manfr. Caskets & Coffins.
French, C. N. Farmer.
French, George P. Glove Cutter.
French, S.
Farmer.
George, A. R. Butcher.
George, Mrs. Thomas.
Gillet, C.
Farmer.
Greeley, Guy E. Buck Glove Manfr.
Hall, A. C.
Hall. B. A.
Physician.
Farmer & Butcher.
Hardy, B. P. Manfr. of Wood Handles Ac.
Ilavnes, J. H.
Farmer.
Herbert, C. W. Farmer.
Holden, Milton. )
„ . en . „ 011 "'
Ho,
Holden,Cha S
.
.A.L
|2
2
Spaulding. Q. C. j Cai »P h °r Refiners.
Jeffers, E. W.
Shoe Workman.
Kenniston, D. D
Farmer.
Keys, Henry, Farmer.
Keys, J. P. Bobbin Manfr.
Keys, Frank A. Student.
Marston, A. R. Farmer.
Marstou, A. Farmer.
Merrill, Frank H.
Ladder Manfr.
Merrill, S. E. Lumber Manfr.
Morrill, A. R. Machine Broker.
Palmer, Chas. C. Ladder Manfr.
Pa} ne, Mrs. G. W. Milliner.
Pease, Charles,
Peppard, J.
W.
Perkins Mrs.
S.
Farmer.
Manfr. Ladders, Steps, Clipper Sleds,
M.
Snow
Shovels, Ac.
�NAMES OF SUBSCRIBERS.
Hoyt, Hiram
Person, Abbott W. Teamster.
Pillsbury, D. R. Mechanic.
Preston, Clinton F. Farmer.
Quincy, Hon. Josiali
Quincy, S. H. Merchant.
Robinson, George H. Lumber Manfr.
Simmons, Jag. S. Ladder Manfr.
Simpson, C, B. Merchant.
Simpson, D. L. Physician
Simpson, T. S. Lumber Dealer.
Smart. C. C. Brick Manfr.
Spalter, Rev. A. D. Teacher
Spaulding, Chas. Manfr. of Lumber, Brick
& Charcoal
Spaulding, E. 0. Charcoal Manfr.
Spaulding, Leverett, Farmer.
Spaulding, Luella H.
Stevens, Henry B.
Stevens, 0. L. Ladder Manfr.
Swain, Miss. Eva J. Teacher.
Swain, J. R. Station Agt.
Tilton, J. D. Clergyman
RTE.
Farmer.
Farmer.
Foss, Robert S.
Garland, Chas. D. Farmer.
David, Farmer.
Jenne>s,
Jenness, Emery C. Farmer.
Jenness, G. H. Chairman School Committee.
Johnson, Gilman W. Farmer.
Jones, Mrs. Parry.
Morrill, Alva H. Clergyman.
Odiorne, Sylvester D. farmer.
Philbrick, John. Farmer.
Philbrook, 0. B. Mason.
Rand, Henry S. Mason.
Rand, Obed. Farmer.
SULLIVAN.
Nahum Shoemaker.
Currier.
Lyman
Blacksmith.
Atwell C, Farmer.
Goodwin, L. H. & D. W. Manuf rs and
ber and Chair Stock Dealers.
Nims, Augustus F. Farmer.
Stevens, J. G. Tanner and Currier.
White, Samuel S. Farmer.
Winchester, Elliot C. Farmer.
Davis,
Ellis,
UNITY.
D
ealer in Grain and
Lumber
Dealer in Lumber.
T.
Laborer.
Cummings, John
Farmer.
Goodwin, David L. Farmer.
J.icobs, George F. Teamster.
Libby, Horatio R. Farmer.
Libby, Nathaniel & Ez. Farmers.
Merrill. Asa B. Farmer.
Noves. Fred E. Laborer.
Weeks, H. W. Lumber Dealer.
Weeks^ Ira M. Merchant.
Whicher, Levi C. Farmer.
Willey, Alexander. Farmer.
WASHINGTON.
Crane, 0. T.
Abbott, C. Henrv, Hotel Keeper,
Aldrich, C. E. Farmer & Summer Boarding
House,
Lumber Dealer,
Aldrich, D. M.
Aldrich, Ira M. Summer Boarding House.
Allard, Sam'l, Firm, Gordon Allard & Co.
Lumber Dealers.
Amadon. Geo. M. Fngineer for Wbiteneld
Lumber Co,
F. Farmer.
Jeweller & Druggist.
S,
Bond, J. Farmer.
Farmer.
S. L.
Bray,
Briggs, 0, S. Farmer.
Brown, A. L. I Lumber Merchants of the Firm
Brown, W. G. j of A. L. & W. G. Brown & Co.
Brown, Frank P. Merchant.
Burns, C. W. Lumber Dealer.
Byrne, Wm, Lawyer.
Carleton, Mrs. E,
Chase. A. M. Farmer & Real Estate Agt.
Colby, C. J. Harness Maker.
Colby, J. S. Farmer.
Cole, G.
W. Farmer &
Cowing, C.
Hazen.
A
W. Engineer
Hazen.
Dodge, Leonard
L.
D. &
Lumber Sawyer,
Cummings, J.W.
& Co.
Darling, G.
Cattle Dealer.
Mechanics for
W.
C.
for L. D.
Teamster. G.
I*.
F.
Libbey
&
L. T.
W. Libby *
Co.
Dodge, M. B. Carpenter & Joiner.
Dodge, Wm. F. Proprietor of Mountain View
House.
Donovan, Wm. J. Teamster for Brown & Co,
Dustin, J. E. Mechanic for Brown & Co,
Enstmau, Ben. Farmer nd Teamster.
Eastman, Chas. Firm, Fasiman & Perkins,
Meat & Groceries.
Eastman, J. K. Livery Stable.
Teamster.
S. A.
Surveyor of Lumber, at
Fearoh, Fred C.
Brown's,
Fearon, G. Head Edger.
Lumber Dealer at War.
Fiske, Hazen W,
cester Mass.
Elmer,
Fiske, J. Sullivan,
WARREN.
Davis, Chas. S.
Gale. Chas. M.
Depot Master,
WHITEFIELD.
.-
Lum-
Glidden, Elisha.
Glidden, Ezra J.
Bixby, Jas. M.
WEST ANDOVER.
Brown, W. R.
Blood, 0.
Aldrich, J. K.
Cram, Frank
Farmer.
I.
Lincoln, F. B, Painter.
Proctor, Israel D. Rake Manuf 'r.
Proctor, Mary B.
Severance, John Farmer.
Bell.Wm.
Weeks, A T. Farmer,
Willoughby, J. F. Farmer.
Wyatt, Rev. T. jr. Pastor of North Holderness Church.
Bridge,
678
Farmer & Summer Board
ing House,
Fowler, A. J. Boot Manufacturer,
Goodwin, J, A. Carpenter.
Gordon, M. H. Firm, Gordon Allard
* Lole
Lumber
Dealers,
Gould, C. B, Farmer & Cattle Dealer.
Gould, L. R. Moulder.
Gove, George S, Physician,
Gove, Ira S. M. General Collection Agent.
Harmon, Wm. M. Clergyman,
Harriman, Geo, Teamster, G, W. Libby & UQ,
Hayes, Orange S. Boarding House Keeper
for
Brown &
niggins, M.
Co.
House Painter,
George W. Farmer,
Holmes, V. R. Board Sawyer,
Holmes, Willis, Lumberman,
Howland, 0. S. Farmer & Stlldeflt.
Huntoon, Amasa, Farmer,
Hutcuins, J. M. Farmer.
Iiildreth,
�NAMES OF SUBSCRIBERS.
G74
Hutching, M. W. Farmer.
Hutching, W. B. Clerk Insurance Agent.
Jenkins, 0. E. Board Sawyer, C. Libby & Co.
Johnson, J. W. Mountain Stage Driver.
'
l.
Millwright and If achiuist.
King, C. E. Farmer.
Lambert, Louis, Lawyer.
Lane, A. W. Clerk. C. Libby & Co.
Lane, 1! F. Farmer.
Learned, Henry, Board Sawyer, G. W. Libby
&Co.
Learned, J. M. Saw Filer, 0. W. Libby & Co.
Libbey, n. C. Lumber Dealer.
Libbey, J. U A. Grain Mill.
Lumber Dealer.
Libby, Charles,
Libby, II. W. Lumberman, C. Libby & Co.
Libby, J. C. Millwripht.
Marden, E. F. Farmer.
Mc. Gregor. J. L. Student Agricultural College, Uanover.
Edger, C. Libby & Co.
0.
Mc Leod,
Miner, J. L. Farmer.
Morey, George E. Clerk at Brown's Store.
Morrison, Mrs. L, .Milliner, Dress Maker &
Fancy Hoods.
Morse, John, Engineer, G. W. Libby & Co.
Mason.
U
ton, G. P.
Newel, II. S. Farmer.
Nou^se, Eugene, Saw Filer for L. D. & L. T.
Uazen.
Palmer, C. J. Machinist for Brown & Co.
Parker, Daniel, Farmer.
Parker, L. D. Shingle Sawyer, G. W. Libby
A Co.
Perkins, J. S. Firm, of Eastmam & Perkins.
Meals & Groceries.
Pillsbury. Geo. II. Sash & Blind Manufacturer A Builder.
Piukham, G. II. Clergyman.
Priest, .1. B. Boarding Mouse, C. Libby & Co.
Pushee. E. P. Engineer for Brown & Co.
Putney, Alvin E.
Qnimby, A. II. Machinist, C. Libby k Co.
Quimby. Wm. K. Merchant.
Robinson, Geo. Laborer.
S mipson, Jennie E.
At Amoskeag Mills
Manchester.
V
ii
Sanders, John
II.
Teamster
for L. D.
&
L. T.
Uazen.
Snow, D. S. Builder & Sash & Blind Manfr
Snow, E. M. Builder of Houes.
Stalbird, Aaron, H. Carpenter.
Tague, Phill, Chopper for Brown
Farmer.
Taylor, John T.
Thomas, L.
Walker, F.
Warner, A.
I
Sm
>.
th, Lewis F.
Blacksmith for L. D. & L. T.
Uazen.
Smith, 0. P. Carpenter.
&,
Co.
Filer.
Stone Worker.
Farmer.
Blacksmith.
P.
B.
Wells, Isaac,
Wentworth, E. Mill Man at Brown's
Weston, E. II. Station Agent.
Win'. hi, Charles E. Millwright at Brown's
Whedon, W. J. Stone Mason.
Whitcher, L. D. G. f W. he S. f.
WILMOT CENTRE.
Brown, Joseph C.
Farmer.
Clough, Franklin C. Farmer.
Farmer.
Carpenter.
Langley, W. F. Farmer.
Messer, P. Farmer.
Fisk, Calvin.
Goodhen, Seth.
Stevens, Aim is. Farmer.
Stearns, Minot. Farmer.
Thompson, C. H. Farmer.
Trussell, Charles. Clergyman.
Woodward, Geo. E. Manufacturer.
WILMOT FLAT.
Jones, Otis, Tanner & Currier.
Nelson, Win. G. F'armer.
Thompson, Samuel.
Withington, Cyrus.
Farmer.
Farmer.
WILTON.
Carlton, C.C.
Keyes, Geo. D.
WOOLEN MILL.
.
Chase, Thomas.
Lawyer.
Hardy, Willis F. Clerk.
Morey, M. M. Spinner.
Morey, W. C. Carder.
MISCELLANEOUS.
Marshall,
Boston.
Plummer,
Part well, J. m.
Merchant.
Sheaban, John 11. Shoe Maker.
Small M.N. Sawyer at Brown's .
Smith, L. \V. Board Sawyer, C. W. Brown &
Saw
S.
John W., Mechanical Engineer,
S. B., 55
Elm
Street, Boston.
ERRATA.
The following names were incorrectly printed in the former list.
Ford, Daniel, Dover, Ginger Ale and Beer
Maufacturer.
Longley, Geo. H. Peterboro, Proprietor of
Bakery.
�NAMES OF SUBSCRIBERS.
ADDITIONAL,
NAMES OF SUBSCRIBERS
FOR FIFTH
ACWORTIL
Ainsworth, J. Clergyman.
Beryl, Geo. H. Mountain House.
Barnard, S. P.
Chenev, S. W.
Clark, D.
Dickey, J. W.
Tin lay, B. C.
Kingsbury, E. A.
Kemp, John
675
D.
Morrison, E. R. Teacher.
Richardson, J. T. Merchant.
Spatildiug, E. Blacksmith.
BARNSTEAD.
EDITION".
Hunt. W. A.
Depot Station Agent.
Ilamet, Mrs. E.
H.irtnet,
James
Shoemaker.
Jones, P. A.
Jenney, H. H. Farmer.
Johnson, II. C. Saw Miller.
Livingston, Colborn Wood Turner.
Shoemaker.
Lanv;, John S.
Lenad, M. M. Needle Maker.
Lane, L. & L. Farmers.
Madigan, Thomas Shoemaker.
Metcalf, Horace F'armer.
Mahan, Miss M. M.
Moore, H. E. Mechanic.
Mayhen, V. S. Shoe Stock Fitter.
Putnam, W. D. Shoe Manufacturer.
Avery, Walter M. Trader.
Babcock, J. 51. Proprietor of Card Mill.
W.
F'armer.
Perry James E.
Farmer.
Blaisdell, J. P. Shoemaker.
Carr, W. 0. Clergyman.
Perry, A. Farmer.
Perry, Edward R. Farmer.
Copp, Reuben
Blacksmith.
Park's, D. W.
Richardson, Jas. Shoe Cutter.
Rogers, Charles E. Clergyman.
Rockwood, A. P. Boot Cutter.
Reed. A. C. Carpenter and Builder.
Rust, A. Custom Shoemaker.
Sanders. Charles A. Shoe liottonier.
II.
Farmer.
Chesley, W. A. Farmer and Poultry Dealer.
Clark, I. H. Shoemaker.
Emerson, Timothy Blacksmith.
Emerson, Geo. W. Dentist.
George, Chas. S. Farmer.
Jenkins Charles E. Farmer.
Jenkins, John II. Carpenter.
Jenkins. W. A. Farmer.
Langley, Mrs. T. D.
Marshall, I. D. Farmer.
Palmer, Frank E. Carpenter.
Thyng, Charles E. Farmer.
Waldo, John Carpenter.
Wheeler, Mrs. Dr.
Young, II. P. Carpenter.
CHARLESTOWN.
Bailey, Eliphalet Farmer.
Bailey, Mrs. M. W.
Putnam,
Ii.
Wood Tumor and Rake
Thomas
Maker.
Swau, William Gardener.
Spooner, Stephen A. Carpenter and Builder.
Harness Maker, Carriage
Sparrow, Chas.
Trimmer and Upholsterer.
Saker, Fred, Tinman.
Snow, G. A. Shoemaker.
Sanders. C. L. Shoemaker.
Sannderson, II. II. Clergyman.
Slavin,
Smith,
Thomas
T.
Farmer.
Tidd, E. II.
Taylor, John W. Farmer.
Bond, George S. Stoves and Tin ware.
Bowman, J. M. Saloon Keeper.
Baker, Mrs. H.M.
Chapin, W. 0. Farmer.
Chubb, A. W. Shoe Cutter.
Callahan, Miss M. C. Shoe Stitcher
Cobb, Josiah Carpenter and Joiner.
Cashing, Edmund L. Attorney at Law.
DeNormandie, Eugene Clergyman.
Evans, Henry K. Boot Cutter.
Easter, II C." Shoemaker.
Eusworth, Geo. W. Carpenter and Joiner.
Lumber Dealer and Steaui Mill
Fish. John S.
Livery and Boarding Stable.
Vial!, II. B.
Williams C. IT. Shoemaker.
White, Geo. A. Farmer.
Proprietor.
Foster, S. C.
Finlay, Chas. A. Eagle Hotel.
Fletcher, Ellen L. Watchmaker ami Jeweler.
Shoe Cutter, and Pattern
Goodrich. M. N.
Perry, Kittrcdge
Draftsman.
Hamlin. I). S. Shoe Dealer.
Hamlin, Win. Fanner.
Hamlin, Geo. W. General Merchant.
Hubbard, E. F. Farmer.
Whit taker, J. M. Physician.
Walker, Cephas Carriage Manufacturer, and
Grain Dealer.
Willard, L. B. White
Washer and Kalsominer.
CLAREMONT.
Prouty, E.
W.
Millwright.
CONCORD.
Drugs and Medicines.
C0NT00C00KVILLE.
Elliott,
Mrs.
J. R.
Dow, Joseph Farmer.
Farmer.
Jones, John P.
Libbee,
Wm.
T.
Carpenter.
I'o-tniaster.
Patterson. Joab
White, Frauk F'armer.
�NAMES OF SUBSCRIBERS.
676
Harness Maker and Car.
Hartford, Jas. W.
riage Trimmer.
Lamos, Horace A. Broprietor of Point Cot-
CORNISH.
Blood, E. P. Mechanic.
Blood, Ed. B. Farmer.
Ballock, Wm. Farmer.
Buckman, George
tage.
Metcalf, II.
Democrat
II.
Press.
Overseer of Spinning.
Manock, David
Farmer.
O'Neil, W. F. Farmer.
Peel, Charles F. Overseer Weave Room.
Scales, John Principal of Franklin Academy.
Brown, Helen R.
Churchill, B. B. Carpenter.
Cole, Seth, Capt.
Sea Captaiu.
Cole, Geo. L. Farmer.
Fitch, Lyman Farmer.
Foss, Walter H.
Farmer.
Fogs, A. P. Farmer.
Fisher, J. R. Farmer.
Second hand Card Room.
Twombly, E. II. Register of Deeds.
Tasker, John C, & Co. Groceries, Belknap St.
Taylor, Edward Farmer.
Smith, Albion A.
Farmer.
Farmer.
Towle, Levi
Witham, John E.
Parmer.
Haven, A. L. Mechanic.
Johnson, E. C. Farmer.
Kenyon, B. C. Farmer.
Martindale, Lemuel Sheriff.
Bowers, L. Farmer.
Bowers. Orlando Wool Dealer.
Baget, J. L. Farmer.
Bohinson, A. T. Farmer.
Spaulding, A. K. Blacksmith.
Smith. W. B. Mechanic.
Thrasher, B. F. Farmer.
Tracy, S. A. Farmer.
Walker, M. L. Farmer.
White, John Farmer.
Walker, Henry W. Farmer.
Walker, G. B. Farmer.
Wilder, J. J. Farmer.
Fit. h, E. B.
Shoecutter.
Webster, C. E.
DUNBARTON.
Bailey, Oliver Farmer.
Barnard, Samuel Farmer.
Clark, A. C. Farmer.
Farmer.
Clifford, I. P.
Holmes, Daniel Farmer.
Ireland J. B. Farmer.
Lord, John Farmer.
Merrill, J. 0.
Farmer.
Mills, J. C.
Farmer.
Twist, Page Farmer.
DURHAM.
Coleman, Mrs. Mahitable.
FRANCESTOWN.
BERRY.
Bixby, Augustus H. Civil Engineer.
Dodge, Miss, Julia A. Book-keeper.
Fisher, Theron P. Farmer.
Adams, Charles Store Keeper.
barker, John F. Farmer.
Lawyer.
Bartlett, G. C.
HAMPTON.
Crowell, W. II. Shoemaker.
Currier. David Banker, Depot.
Conch, 0. D. Lumber Mau'fr. and Farmer.
Carter, Alba B.Rev.
Clark, Leonard Farmer.
bustin, J. A. Deputy Sheriff.
Brown, Warren
Ware, Edwin
Evans, James Blacksmith.
Humphrey, H. Ii. Farmer.
Ha-kins. Rev. It. W. Cong.
Leonard, A. G. Merchant.
HENNIKER.
LANCASTER.
Ames, Asa Machinist.
Bugbee, Frank Physician.
Farmer.
Btrotlg, Richard R.
Pillslniry. H.
Carpenter, East Derry.
ttpton, C. P.
Underbill,
Ii.
Brooks, C. C. Farmer.
Corning, B. H. Prop' of Lancaster House.
Cobleigh, E. V. Stoves' Tin, Copper & Agent
for Fairbank's Scales.
Colby, Joseph Cooper.
Drew, Irving W. Lawyer.
Guernsey, Aaron Farmer.
Hartford, M. E. Carpenter.
Holton, H. P. I. Farmer.
Hunt, Win. P. Laborer.
Hartford. W. A. Tanning & Carding.
Hart lord, George A. Farmer.
Hopkins, J. M. Prop, of Williams House.
Heywood, William Lawyer.
Kent & Griswold, Dry Goods, Clothing and
Postmaster.
Reed Maker
Edge Tool Maker.
R.
DORCHESTER.
Biimham, Nathaniel. Farmer.
Farmer.
Bilrpee, Mar-hall
Cheever, Samuel Parmer.
Fiit-., John M.
Merchant.
Btreeter, \,. It,
Parmer.
Reed Hiram
Farmer.
DOVER.
Drdmi
F
its.
mi.
id
Tailoring.
Overseer Card Room.
Proprietor of Circus.
lachman.
Bracket, John H.
dishing. Joseph
Jame
llei
yman.
Book-Keeper,
I
James M.
\
Color Mak'-r, Cocheco Print
Gtrlme, William
Works.
Haw. nth. John Machine Printer.
'Hidden. Charles A. Shoe Cutter.
i*
isar, B. H.
fc
Son,
Manufacturers
Beav)
ii
i
i
ii.niaisous.
Farmer.
Colby, Rachael, Mrs.
Seavey, David Contoakville.
Boor, W. W. Miller.
Reed, Orison Blacksmith.
Sargent, C. II. Farmer.
Parker, Franklin
Farmer
HANCOCK.
Kent, Edward R. Merchant.
McGibnee, James Clerk.
Mitchell, Ezra Physician.
Monehan, .lames Blacksmith.
Moody, (I. w. File Manufacturer.
Morse, Charles E. Fanner.
Nutter, Charles A. Stationery & Gen'l Merchandise.
Olcott,
of
I'..
T.
Dentist.
Porter Brothers,
chandise.
Dry Goods & Gen'l Mer-
�NAMES OP SUBSCRIBERS.
Rhodes, Freedom M. Lawyer.
Reed. J. C. Millwright.
Rhodes, Tener M. Farmer & Starch Man'fr.
Richardson, Nathaniel II. Furniture, Paper
Hangings, Coffins & Caskets.
Smith, Frank & Co. Flour, Corn & Feed Store.
Twitchell, Hiram Boarding House.
Thompson, A.
Machinist.
White, Wm. A
Agent.
Whitcorab, Col. Horace & Son, Harness
Makers.
Weeks, James M. Jr. Starch Manufacturer.
Woodward, J. H. Farmer.
Costello,
677
Mike
Mill
Man.
Dickon, Thomas Jobber.
Dexter, L. Sawyer.
Eames, John Farmer.
Fisk, Wm. Farmer.
Gotham, Asa H. Farmer.
Hatch, Asa Farmer.
Howe, R. S. J. Farmer.
Hanaford, J. R. Farmer.
Henson, Charles Laborer.
Hutson, Thomas Laborer.
Butter, J. V.
Putman. Charles
Hanks, B. N. Laborer.
Hutson, Edward Farmer.
Hayes, Wm. Baggage Mister.
Proprietor Hall House.
Hanson, Mrs. Sybil
Jones. James B. Boarding House.
Knight, Edwin Sawyer.
Wheeler, John
Lucas,
LEMPSTER.
I
LONDONDERRY.
Annis, Daniel G.
Farmer, North Londonderry P. 0.
Boyce, Geo. W. Farmer, N. Londonderry P.O
"
"
"
"
Boyce, Samuel
"
"
"
"
Boys, Walter
"
"
"
"
Corning, S. R.
Clark, Freemont Pump Manufacturer.
Clark, Win. Farmer.
Ela, Edward P. "
Derry Depot P. 0.
"
"
"
Hardy, Aaron P. "
Hartshorn, Geo. R. Farmer. Derry Depot P.O.
"
Holmes, Mathew
North Londonderry P. 0,
"
Mc. Allester, .Tona.
"
Mack, Robert C.
Derry P. 0.
Mc Gregor, Alexander "
*'
"
Depot
Morse, A. J.
P.O.
"
N. Londonderry
"
N. Londonderry
"
Pettengill, J.
P.O.
Perkins, Washington
Farmer.
Rotary Filler Sawyer.
Merriam, Miss Abbie B. Teacher.
Moore, D. S. Foreman Tanner.
McFarland, Charles Farmer.
McFarland, Cester
Martin, Charles N.
McMann, Wm. Planing.
Morffet, John D. Jobber.
Gardner.
Pike, Mrs. C. T.
Pool, Mrs. S. C.
Rickey, Horace H. Farmer.
Richardson, F. F. Mechanic.
Sargent, J. H. Planing and Saw Mill.
Sheridan, Dommick Job Teaming.
Spredbury, Charles C. Mason.
Spredbury, Wm. Farmer.
John Farmer.
Tookey, P. J. Hotel Keeper.
Willson, David Stone Cutter.
Wood, Franklin E. Farmer.
Whitney, J. T. W. Farmer.
Young, Antipas House Carpenter.
Toll ens.
N. Londonderry
P.O.
Plummer, Nathan
Hiram Carpenter.
Montgommery, Geo. W. Lath Sawyer.
Mc'Intire Henry Farmer.
McKelleps, Geo. M. Foreman Tool's Mill.
PELHAM
P.O.
Richardson,
Wm.
Londonderry
Lumber Dealer,
P.
P. 0.
North
Peabody, J. W. Farmer.
"
N. Londonderry P.
Nesmith, J. Y.
Smith, Daniel D. Blacksmith, N. Londonderry
P.O.
Watts, Chas. H. Farmer, N. Londonderry P. 0.
"
"
'•
Watts. C. M.
"
"
Watherbey, John H. "
"
"
"
"
Webster, Amos C.
Londonderry Depot
Young. Charles E. "
P.
Young,
0.
"
J. P.
N. Londonderry
P. 0.
MADBURY.
Jenkins, Jonathan
Farmer.
&
L. R. R.
<fe
C.
NORTHUMBERLAND.
John M. Laborer.
Brown, R. J. Student.
Blake, Mrs. Mary J. Farmer.
Civil Engineer and
Buckman, Edward F.
Land Surveyor.
Astle,
PLAINFIELD.
Austin, George
W.
Farmer.
Buckman, Henry
Bailey, L. L.
"
J.
Upholstery.
Bryant, Henry
Dunkley, C. H.
Farmer.
"
Eastman, Ora V.
Farnham, Buzzell "
"
French, A. W.
Freeman, Will W. "
Hall, Will Merchant.
Student.
Lewin, B. F. Butcher.
Monlton, Fred Poultry Dealer.
Newton, John Stone Mason.
Porter, Jabez Farmer.
Pickernel, Charles "
NEWPORT.
Freight Conductor on C.
Burt, 0. G.
R. R.
Royce, Philip Merchant.
Pastor Free Will Baptist
Church.
Roney, John Granite Worker.
Young, Edward Farmer and Stone Cutter.
[abbey, E. D.
MANCHESTER.
Colburn, A. L. Scale Business.
Doolittle, J. S. Conductor M.
Foss, Rev. Tobias
Sanderson, L. Stone Mason.
Btickney, II. II. Carpenter & Farmer.
Sticknev, II. Farmer.
Smith, E. II. Clergyman. (Wat.)
Spauldlng, L. D. Farmer.
Stroug, S. C. Mechanic.
Watson. Mary A.
Westgate, E. \V. Butcher & Farmer.
RAYMOND.
Browne, J.
F.
Gunsmith.
�NAMES OF SUBSCRIBERS.
678
Manson, B. S. Clergyman.
Moiilton, George M. Farmer.
Cabinet.
Poor, J. L.
KI'MXEY.
Teacher.
Farnsworth. Belle C.
George, Thomas, Mrs.
Farmer.
Preston, Clinton F.
SALEM.
Abbott, N. G. Shoe Shop.
Abbott. 8. K. Reporter for Essex Eagle.
Adams, George M. Parmer.
Armor, Albert L. Proprietor of Salem House.
Kimball, S. H. Farmer.
Kroyd, Samuel A. Jack Spinner.
Long, Mrs. Martha
Lord. David Farmer.
Lowell, Mrs. Lizzie Milliner and Dress-Maker.
Farmer.
Merrill, Daniel
Mirick, Mrs. Hattie N. Weaver.
Mirick, Miss Florence A. Weaver.
Harness Manufacturer.
Parrish, T. D.
Palmer, Joseph P. Shoe Shop.
Page, A. M. Meat Market.
Paul. George M. Farmer.
Pat
Mary
tin-. Mis.-,
Pendergast, Daniel Supt. North Shoddy Mill.
Peabody, E. A. Contractor and Builder.
Austin, Mrs. Abb] B
Aver, Win. 1!. Carpenter.
Poole, Sirs. It. F.
Prescott, A. J. Farmer.
Shoe Manufacturer.
Bailey, Loren E. Carpenter.
Parmer.
Ballad, Jonathan A.
Reynolds, John F.
Richards, L. P. E. Real Estate Broker.
Robinson, B. A. Billiard Saloon.
Ayer,
J.
i
Carriage Painter.
Pastor Congregational
C. A.
.
Rockwood, William
-
Bodwell, Mrs.
Bowser, Rev. Samuel
L.
Carpenter.
Bradford, Joseph 1J. Farmer & Shoemaker.
Brad lord, Jesse W. Parmer.
Burns. J. W. Shoe Manufacturer.
Buxton, Joseph Shoe Factory.
Butler, James J. Farmer.
Carey, Joel C. Merchant.
Clark, Alburton W. Stone Cutter.
Clotlgh,
.1.
Fanner.
l>.
Parmer.
fluff J. W.
Parmer.
Cluff, Levi
Clutf, Josiah Q.
Old
Cluff. B.C.
Colby, Fred
Colby, Wm.
Line Market.
<'•
.Mrs. A. II.
'
John
Corliss,
Parmer,
D.
tone Cutter.
Crowell, Win. G. Parmer.
Dorr, Rev. Henry Clergyman.
John Machinist.
Duston, Mrs. Abbie M. Weaver.
.
Duston
Kllingwood, J. N. Carpenter.
Emerson, Robert Parmer.
Swings, Clinton Pai
Henry
-
Painter.
Fellows Theodore W. Parmer.
Farmer.
Foster, Ez< kiel, II
I.
Manufai turer.
Foster, in
i
Carpenter.
i
!
.
Woodbury,
Bhop.
I'.
i,
Parmer
A.
F.
Silv.-r. C. L.
Shoe Shop.
Smith, Charles Painter.
Smith, J V. Farmer ami Insurance Agent.
Smith. W. M. Designer and Engraver.
Smith. Win. W. Shoe Shop.
Staunton. Wiliiam Farmer.
Blacksmith.
Stott, William B.
Stuart. Rev. Wm. H.
Pastor M. E. Church,
Taylor Richard Lumber Dealer and Farmer.
Taylor,M. N. Manufacturer.
Taylor, L.W. Merch int.
Taylor, Win. Lumber Dealer and Farmer.
horn, D. M. Fai mer.
Thorn, Isaac Fanner,
Farmer.
Tilton, Joseph M.
Villain. Orrin E.
Farmer.
Webster, T. C. Farmer.
Webster, G. II. Painter and Grainer.
Webster, Amos N. Farmer,
Webster, Joseph Shoe Manufacturer.
Wilier, .b.hn Stone Cutter and Farmer.
Welch, Joseph M. Merchant.
w heeler, J. It. Shoe Manufacturer.
Fanner.
W
ler, John A.
Whittemore, Rev. Elisha J. Pastor Baptist
Church.
Wilson, A. G. Farmer.
Woo James Engraver.
Woodbury, George Public Boarding House.
'I
Mason.
Carder and Spinner.
W.
Boss, E.
Rowel I, W.
Church.
Brown. James
Goodhue, Mr-. Laura J. Teacher.
Goodwin, Eugene A. Carpenter.
f
in, Mi - Mary J.
Goodwin, Milton Mechanic.
Rev. .1. A.
Pastor M. E. Church.
•
Israel
ii .no
1
'.
1
Woodbury, Mrs.
Hall, i
Hall, Ezra B.
Farmer.
Harris, Harvey
Pai out.
moo'.
Shoemaker.
Hihlreth, J. 0.
1
Humphry, Benjamin
Farmer.
T.
Hunt, Horace W
Parmer.
Hutchins, Wai ren Farmer.
Jennings, Samuel P. Shoemaker.
turer.
:
I
.
Kelly, Oilman D,
Kelly, Charles 0.
mon
C.
Kimball, Mrs.
Kimball. Cbarles
Kimball, Mrs. N.
I
at
Shoemaker.
R.
Mason.
Parmer,
II.
Farmer.
W
Ibury, Rev 0. G. Clergyman.
York, Mrs. Eliza.
i
\
,
Isaiah
STODDARD.
-
Hawk
Farmer.
Rowell.Mrs. M. M.
Merchant.
Dow diver I.. Farmer
Silas
Dinsm
Parmer.
Dai i-. Oilman W. Merchant.
i
Farmer.
Esty, Solon
Mel, ure, Isabel le Post Mistress.
i'
ictor,
Hosea
Parmer and Produce Dealer,
Richardson, leorge Farmer.
Fanner.
Stacy, Oilman
Farmer.
Shoultes, William II.
Fanner.
ittemore, Joel F.
Wei,),, li. N.
Hotel Keeper.
'
Wh
Shi
\\
a i:\f.k.
Farmer.
L.
Hardy, E. R.
Foreman
of Section
�NAMES OF SUBSCRIBERS.
WARREN.
Colton, D. B. Farmer.
Hardy, E. R. Foreman of Section.
Whitcher, Adouiron Butcher.
WASHINGTON.
Mentzer, Walter C.
Lovewell House,
WEBSTER.
Burbank, F. L. Lumber Dealer.
»
"
Bnrbank, W. W.
Buxton, Rev. Edward Clergyman.
Colby, James L. Farmer.
Courser,
Thomas
J.
"
Couch. Miss Nancy E.
Duncklee, Calvin, T.
Elliott, Miss Priscilla A.
Teacher.
Flanders, John A. Farmer and Carpenter.
Q
lime, Charles F.
II.
Farmer.
George A.
"
.Imes, Charles A.
"
"
"
Iloit,
Holmes, Wi
ud M.
Little, Caleb P.
Pearson, J. C.
Tiltoii,
Mrs. Julia A.
Oilman, Mary
B.
m. Carpenter and Joiner.
Qoodell, Frank
Farmer.
Kimball, Mis. II. M.
Moore, W. H. Esq. Farmer.
Merrill, Chas. M. Carpenter.
Philbrick, A. S. Farmer.
Plnmmer, Geo. Farmer.
Page, A.
Tinsmith, Dealer in Stoves and
Hollow-ware.
Smart, .lames Farmer.
Stanyan, Newell Merchant.
Simpson, John M.
Smith, S. II. Mechanic.
Smith, David Farmer.
\\
Tenney, Edward G. Teacher.
White, Mrs. Charlotte j).
Whitniore, John, M. D.
Whitcher, L. P. Farmer.
Wells, Henry P. Farmer.
Hutchinson, Charles
Tiirill,
James
WENTWORTH.
Blodgott, Jeremiah Esq.
Blood, II. C. Carpenter.
WILMOT.
Johnston, Green
Woolen Manufacturer.
LAWRENCE, MASS.
Machinist, with A.
Messer, John A.
Depot Master at Messer's.
LITTLE ROCK, ARKANSAS.
Brown, W. A.
Coll. urn, Jas.
Farmer.
Currier, S. G. Esq.
Durkey, F. A. Esq. M. D.
Downing, J. L. Esq. Farmer.
Elliott, J. F.
Brown.
Farmer.
Carpenter.
B.
Boyd, F. 0.
Davis, J. a.
Davis, W. II.
Teacher,
QilmanJEnoch Mrs.
Gove,
WEST STEWARTSTOWN.
Farmer's wife.
Brown, W. W.
Boardman, Eldri.lge Esq.
L. & W. G. Brown.
679
Fletcher, T. M. Purveyor of Lumber.
Foster, John Farmer.
Merchant.
Merchant.
Teamster, with A. L. & W. G.
•
Eaton, Franklin,
Eaton, Davis & Co., Mer-
chants.
Hon. Moses H. Eastman, Judge of the Courts
METHUEN, MASS.
Copp, M. G. House Carpenter.
Emerson, Jacob Cashier of Bank.
F.sher, Albert V.
Trader's Clerk.
Fulton, James Farmer.
Gordon, J. Haskell Provision Dealer
BETHLEHEM.
Bian.lin, J. S.
Bunker, C. E.
Postmaster.
Proprietor Mt. Agassiz House.
Bunker, William G. "
"
Bethlehem
"
"
Bean, Wilson H.
Sunset
Blandin, A. W. Farmer.
Durgin, J. A. Sinclair House.
Gallaher, Hugh. Farmer.
Gordon, Dan. P. Farmer.
Hatch, Alpha. Farmer.
Hildreth, T. T. Boots, Shoes and Groceries.
McGregory, W. A. Lumber and Starch M'f'r.
"
"
Kidder, James M.
Quimby, I. J. Justice of Peace, and Notary
Plummor, Joseph. Proprietor Cottage Boarding House.
Richardson, I. E. Farmer and Lumber Deal'r
Spooner, B. C. Proprietor of Stage Line from
Bethlehem to Littleton.
Turner, J. N. Proprietor Turner House.
Wildor, H. W. Proprietor Maple Cottage and
L. M. Mrs.
Farwell, J. L.
Bradbury, Albert. Mechanic and Sawyer.
Bui lard, James. Insurance Agent.
Balcom, George L. Woolen Manufacturer.
Belknap, Darius. Overseer Weave Room.
Clark, William. Flour and Grain.
Millinery Goods.
Uermon.
Attorney at Law.
Harris, Thomas J. Insurance Agent.
Ib.lt.
Haul. rich, F. Clothing, Hats, etc.
Hunter. Lewis M. Cloth Dresser.
Benj. F.
Propr. Junction House.
Jewett, J. W. W. I. G
Is and Groceries.
I. one. Charles II.
Station Agent.
Ormsby, II. II. Diuing Rooms.
Parks, C. E.
Proutv, E. W. Millwright.
Hemenway,
Redfield, S. F.
Merchant
Richardson,
Clareraont File Works.
Flour and Groceries.
II.
Tailor.
S. Jr.
i
'.
Stowell, G. H. Hardware Ac.
Stockwell, George T. Carpenter.
Straw. O. C. Spinner.
Walker, J. S.
Clergyman.
Vanghan, Edwin. U.S. Consul, Coaticook, P.Q.
Webb, Hiram. Supt. Sullivan Mill.
Sullivan, C. 0.
Livery Stable.
CLAREMONT.
Clerk.
Teacher.
S. C.
Dow,
8,
Public.
Town
Pelham,C.
Sanborn,
CONCORD.
Hazelton, James.
Millinery.
PITTSFIELD.
Bachelder, J. M.
Jeweller.
Coburn, J. M. Clergyman.
Drake, S. J. Farmer.
�NAMES OF SUBSCRIBERS.
680
Emery, N. W. Merchant.
French, K. W. Farmer.
Foss, G. W. Farmer.
Hill. s.
I.
.
Hill. J. T.
Dentist.
Merchant.
Lane, I!. 0. Farmer.
Ring, S. F. Farmer.
King, S. S. Farmer.
STRATFORD.
Aiken, II. Engineer.
Atherton, Miss Mary A.
Alger, .1. B.
Merchant.
Blodgett, Win. H. Farmer.
Brown, Branch, Farmer.
Brown, S. F. Fanner.
Brown, S. F. Farmer.
Brown, Wellington. Farmer.
Blodgett, F. A. Farmer.
Blodgett, Charles D. Farmer.
Bennett, Oliver, Farmer.
Buhlwin, J. M. Farmer.
Brown, George A. Farmer.
Blodgett, A. S. Teamster.
Bean, Gh II. Farmer.
Booth, Henry A. Laborer.
l; iss, 1.. I>.
Farmer.
Boyle, John 0. G. T. R. R. Employee.
Baldwin, W. L. Lumberman.
Baldwin. E, A. Milwn'ght.
Boyle, Dennis,
Lumberman.
Corliss, Win.
Farmer.
P.
Farmer.
Curtis, E. W. Farmer.
Clark. Thomas H. Sawyer.
Dowd, Michael, Farmer.
Dunn, Joseph, Farmer.
Day, Samuel A. Farmer.
Dimick. Henry, G. T. R. R. Employee.
Douglass, William, Farmer.
Drew, B. F. Farmer.
English, Mrs. E. J.
Flinii. Franklin,
Jobber.
Conery, Simon
Fuller, Mrs. C. C.
Fay, Win. Laborer.
Gould, Ira I,. Farmer.
Qambsby, Russell, F'armer.
Hapgood, Richard F. Farmer.
Hartshorn, George C. Farmer.
Howell, Wm. G. T. R. R. Employee.
Hinman, U. B.
Hotel-Keeper.
Johnson, Timothy B. Board Sawyer.
Johnson, M. D. Land Surveyor.
Jorden, Abel, Farmer.
Kenney, Fred L. Joiner and Board Surveyor.
Kingsley, A. Jobber.
Laflure, Lewis, Laborer.
Laroche, Jerry, Blacksmith.
McMay, Charles, Farmer.
Horse, Edward, Blacksmith.
Martin, John J. Farmer.
Marshall, Melvin, Merchant.
Marguire, Miss Ellen,
Marden. Mrs. R. B.
Norcott, C. F. Carriage Maker.
Ockinglon, H. A. Mechanic.
Ockington, B. B. Mechanic.
Parnell. Peter, Farmer.
Stone, Miss Ellsie,
Scruton, Wm. H. G. Tr. Agent.
Silver, E. M.
Sawyer.
Stride, Alfred R.
Farmer.
Spiller, G. D.
Farmer.
Stone, John G. Farmer.
Wright, J. V. Mechanic.
Watters, C. D. Mechanic
CONCORD.
Plummer, Mrs. Alice E.
NEWBURY.
Bailey,
Mary
J.
Housewife.
Blodgett, Isaac F. Blacksmith.
Brock way, V. C. Station Agent:
Clark, Asa B. Farmer.
Collins, L. A.
Housewife.
Foster, Silas E. Section Hand.
Fowler, John W. Mechanic.
George, Darius H. Farmer.
Gillingham J. King, Farmer.
Gillinghain, J. L. Farmer.
Gove, Warren C. Farmer.
Johnson, N. S. Mt. Sunapee House.
Marshall, Jesse, Farmer.
Morse, Jeremiah, Postmaster.
Morse, S. A. Farmer.
Muzzey, Wm. W. Carpenter and Mason.
Muzzey, Samuel 2d, Farmer.
Muzzev, John, Farmer.
Pike, S. K. Merchant.
Ring, E. C. Farmer.
Thomson, S. B. Farmer.
�NAMES OF SUBSCRIBERS.
PERRY.
Palmer,
Engineer.
Alexander, Alvah. Farmer and Provision
Aldxich, C. E.
Merchant.
1*.
J.
695
Plummer, Alley, LondondeiTy.
Farmer
and Mail Carrier.
Priest James.
Station A
Richai'ds, reorge.
Blacksmith.
(
\ rus.
Fanner.
Robie, T. R. Blacksmith.
.
Dealer.
<
Burbank, John S. Railroading.
Crombie, James BE. Physician.
Choate, Charles. Farmer.
.
.
Clyde, Ch
rl
•
Edward
Emerson, A.
Farron,
W.
1'.,
'>.
Londonderry.
W. Farmer.
Painti
Farmer.
r.
John, Londonderry. Carpenter.
\V.
Farmer.
Hemphill, Joseph. Fanner.
W. If. Fa
Klein, Joseph, Fruit Grower.
Lane, !ol. reorg W. Farmer.
Gilchrist,
Head, George
.
'
I
I>r.
ssmal
Shute, Mrs. E. G.
Shute, George. Farmer.
Mrs. Mary.
Walker, Mosi a A. Blacksmith.
r, Nathaniel.
Farmer.
armer.
.
Wheeler, Thaddeus. Fanner.
White, W. !>. Me reliant .m:i! Lumberman.
Wilson, Samuel. Pi ach Grower.
Woolley, John D. Farmer.
<
Low, A. li
Low, John
Lewi--.,
S. P.
..i.e.
Prop'r Sanders's Hotel.
Sn,',!. p. D.
Lumber Business.
ach Grower.
Corwin, J. F. T. Milk Dealer.
Dana, .Mrs. Nelli A.
Ela,
M iss
Sargent,
Farmer.
i.
Farmer.
Robert.
".Irs. II.
Clough, L.\
.
Farm
!I.
Homer
Teacher.
Mack, Miss L.C. Dr ^ssmaker.
MacGregor, D. Merchant.
M( den, Robert. Farmi r.
Merriam, Mai shall. Farmer.
Shoe Business.
Messer, Geor
Montgom
IIII.!..
Fruit Grower.
P.
h.
Fanner.
Morrison, John B. Shoemaker.
Nowell, Samui 1. Fanner.
Novell, James. Farmer.
M. F.
Labo
Sumner. George R. Carriage Maker.
Little,
Rowell, J. R. Travelling Optician.
Southworth, M. E. Far
A. F. Morrill.
"
Trumbull, D.
Boswell, T.
W
('.
Lumber
Iward, F. R.
1
Novelty Manufacturer
and Dealer.
Quimby, A. II. Farmer.
������������
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Books, Booklets, Ledgers, & Diaries
Digital File
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
The Statistics & Gazetteer of New Hampshire 1874
Description
An account of the resource
The Statistics & Gazetteer of New Hampshire contains descriptions of all the counties and towns in New Hampshire from the period. It also describes principal features such as mountains, lakes, rivers, capes, bays, harbors, islands, and resorts or notable places. Notable business and persons are also described. It also contains 100 pages of statistical tables. Information on Farmington, NH is located on pages 156-157.
This is a digital file and does not exist in the physical collection.
RKL-FHS
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Compiled by Alonzo J Fogg
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
D.L. Guernsey, Bookseller and Publisher, Concord NH,
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1870's
Date Created
Date of creation of the resource.
1874
Date Copyrighted
Date of copyright.
1874
business
Farmington NH
information
New Hampshire
people
places
records
Strafford County
-
https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/12165/archive/files/10ea56742b513e4149be8ace19428ba7.jpg?Expires=1712793600&Signature=jtTuzrPz%7E08-uhu8%7EcTfXmOBtiuWV0VfGB3rTU-PrSoJUGYNWJ%7EINzqmzFZpaBvmSxcZu7jQX2ohKIqwvaJdzoiI8rr6mq0LJVf7%7Ejd4RNJrXkZy2L-2zPsOgZlJ0B8Wr8URTuY3vMI7X1RdBHS%7E%7EqTdYOs13ag2kz8PLMbxPCjeuxvev97uawjtajWA0lqkRBWlMrKvRxnlT8w28KO0bER78zrFV544oeqOe2mYv1lphbLbQAAnHmLOEn2BCxIXnWQDHo9pSKCdsD2BCAX%7EgHZHC90A5TSOvWrDsTFSWHuHewCWr1VXAG0zVEtBBGK-XdFNjtw8W7mwJRpyidFqkQ__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM
6dadf88666ed807574c6b20e7f4bb730
https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/12165/archive/files/20e17aa6a4502797887d73b11c6b6b4e.pdf?Expires=1712793600&Signature=kj9SMpyrSrEbDrTuw43WT9TaYGiUdwBTRFD6axSsWvE%7EZmxD03SL76TLkICUYaoH-9Z1cQK6YHoRzx3vKlh099Dj1gi79laAdLtXGhnhCuHneZk81fOp0YdRKJyC6i%7EpzMQNkhLTq98dhGAlrwEUgrmuCTtZ6HZWHqgG47xQCfTR1QraZENgU%7E9b5%7EFRHtqlzroDsX2taAlJLLBfpTsgRJmB4OBxEgknlkmUCZ4tPNkrvnHDdUIFI66QL3PZ5JBnB5tamyYYN6sF5vQD4ViHS%7EfBOontJdDJ%7EVafcRvEXmPIR4FtdIBljcqQjTamp7IiCV9OPXlCaVuDRnTY1QfRiQ__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM
78207f71c07c19343536a8549c9629d1
PDF Text
Text
LIBRARIES
NYPL RESEARCH
3
3 3433 08178175
��^]
\
'
\
%»A
����7
"
y
�May
1913
�GAZETTEER
STATE OF
NEW HAMPSHIRE.
THREE PARTS
IN
CONTAININOf
1.
A comprehensive Geogi-aphical and J
Statistical
view of the whole State, con-
veniently disposed under separate heads.
description of each county, town,
2.
or location in the State ; also of its lakes,
rivers, ponds, and mountains, with many
other subjects of topographical dstail, alphabetically arranged.
A
,
Topographical and Statiitical tables
arranged ; shewing the
course and distance on a direct line from
Portsmouth, Concord, Boston, and Port*
land. Also, the number of miles by the
roads as commonly travelled.—Number of
cattle, horses, kc.
3.
1 alphabetically
J
<
?
<
<
i
COMPILED FROM THE BEST AT7TE0BTTIES, BT
^.LIPHALET MERRILL
AND THE LATE
EXETER
PRINTED BY
C.
NORRIS
FttrNEl^A;^ PiERBILL, Esd
:
& CO. FOR THE
ia-17.
AUTHORS,
�New-Hampshire
District, ss.
BE IT REMEMBERED, that on this thirteenth day of September, in the year of our Lord,
one thousand eight hundred and fifteen, and in the fortieth year of the IndepeKdcnee of the Unitefl
States of America, ELIPH ALET MERRILL, of the said District, hath deposited in this Oflice,
the
title
of a book, the right whereof he claims as proprietor, in the words following, to wit:
State of New-Hampshire, in three parts : containing,
Geographical and Statistical view of the \\hole State, conveniently dis-
" A Gazetter of the
"
1.
A comprehensive
posed under separate heads.
" 2. A description of each cotmty, town, or location in the State ; also of its lakes, rivers, ponds,
and mountains, with many other subjects of topographical detail, alphabetically arranged.
" 3. Topographical and Statistical tables alphabetically arranged shewing the cotirse and distance on a direct line from Portsmouth, Concord, Boston, and Portland. Also, the number of miles
by the roads as commonly travelled.— Number of cattle, horses, &c. Compiled from the best authorities by Eliphalet Merrill and the late Phinehas Merrill, Esq."
In confon*ity to the act of the Congress of the United States, entitled, "An Act for the encouragement of learning by securing the copies of Maps, Charts, and Books to the authors and proprietors thereof during the times therein mentioned ; and also to an Act, entiSed, " An Act, supplementary to an Act, entitled, An Act, for the encouragement of learning, by securing the Copies of Maps, Charts, and Books to the authors and proprietors of such cepies during the times therein mentioned ; and extending the benefits thereof to the Arts of Designing, Eugraring and EtcUing historical and other prints."
W. PRESCOTT, Clerk of District Court I', S., N. H. District.
A true copy.
Attwt,
W. PRESCOTT, Clerk.
;
GEORGE
GBORGE
f
NEV
IJPUSLIC Lt^RAHV
-,
S
Astor,
Urcx wiij TWen
^
FwH<latioo$.
^
1890
�PREFACE.
WHEN any town
mentioned such questions as the following
who are unacquainted with it. Where
is it situated ? What towns lie contiguous to it ? What is its distance from some capital or emporium, &c. ? Morses Ga25etteer
mentions the most of our towns, but the description rarely includes
any thing more than the county in which it is situated, or at most
its distance from some neighbouring town.
The map of NewHampshire will completely answer many of these questions, but
these maps are not numerous and are very unfit for transportation.
is
perpetually recur to those
Indeed, a large proportion of our citizens feel themselves unable
means of information, but would gladly
pay the price of a condensed Gazetteer. Such an one is now offered them in the smallest space, it is thought, that can comprise
the necessary matterto obtain either of these
The method adopted
instance to collect •authentic matethe best information in every
township in the state. In these letters were enumerated the nature of the information desired.
The attention which these letters generally received deserves our warmest thanks.
rials
was
The
in this
to address letters to
men of
sources from whence
we derived our
historical informa-
&c. have been
very numerous and are the most authentic which now exist; such
as Winthrop, Morton, Mather, Prince, Hutchinson, Morse, and
^rish ; but particularly Belknap. Nor must we while noticing
authors and the liberal aid and patronage of individuals, omit to
acknowledge that of the state.
tion of the first settlement of the state, Indian wars,
Since the decease of
my
beloved brother,
who was
associated
as co-partner in this work, there has been an unaroidable delay of
but by the assistance of several literary gentlemen,
respectfully submitted to a candid public.
ita publication,
it is
now
ELIPHALET MERRILL.
Northrvood, Juney 1817.
��A GENERAL VIEW,
GEOGRAPHICAL AND STATISTICAL
OF THE
STATE OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE,
ARRANGED UNDER THE FOLLOWING HEADS.
AKD ExTENT. BOUNDARIES AND DIVISIONS. AlH, ClIMATE, AND SeAS0N3.
Face of the Country, Mountains. Rivers, and other Waters. Canals and
Turnpikes. Monuments, ^nd other Relics of Indians. Forest Trees and
Vegetable Phoductions. Soil and Awriculture. Domestic and Wild AniGovernment,
Caverns, Fossils, and Minerals.
mals. Birds and Fishes.
Military Strength. Fortifications. Religion.
Constitution, and Laws.
Mai^ners and Customs. Literary, and Scientific Institutions. Colleges,
Banks, Insurance Companies. PROORESstVE Population. Manufactories. Commerce, Societies, and State Prison.
"SlTtTATION
SITUATION, BOUNDARIES, DIVISIONS,
&c.
^ HE
State of New-Hampshire lies between 42" 41' and 45°
of north latitude and between 70° 40' and 72° 28' of longitude
west from the royal observatory of Greenwich. Its length from
the northern to southern extremity is one hundred and sixty
Its greatest breadth measured from the entrance
eight miles.
of Piscataqua harbour, to the mouth of west River, which falls
into Connecticut river, opposite the town of Chesterfield is nine11'
ty miles.
It is bounded on the south by the state of Massachusetts,
from which it is divided by a line, beginning on the sea shore,
at a point three miles northward of the mouth of the river
Merrimack
pursuing a course corresponding to the curvature
;
of that river, at the same distance and ending at a point 3 miles
north from Pautuck Falls in the town of Dracut.
From this
point, the line extends on in a western direction, until it crosses
Connecticut river and ends on its western bank, the distance being fifty miles.
The line called the due west line, was measured and marked
He was ordered by Gov. Belcher
1741, by Richard Hazen.
to allow ten degrees for the westerly variation of the needle.
This doctrine of the variation was even less imperfectly known
at that time than it now is.
It is supposed that the variation
at that time, and in that place, was not more than eight degrees.
�6
GENEBAL VIEW.
In 1773 each end of the line was accurately examined, by
observations, made by Thomas Wright, one of Capt.
Holland's company of surveyors ; when the western extremity
was found to decline from the eastern, two minutes and fiftyseven seconds of latitude. This was computed to make a difference of 59,870 acres of land, which would have been gained
by New-Hampshire, if the line had been run with correctness.
From the point where this line strikes Connecticut river, up
to the forty-fifth degree of latitude, the western bank of that
river is the western boundary of New- Hampshire, and eastern
boundary of Vermont.
celestial
On
its
eastern side, New-Hampshire is bounded by the Atfrom the first mentioned point, 3 miles northward
lantic ocean,
of the mouth of Merrimack river, along the shore to the middle
of the main entrance of Plscataqua harbour
which distance is
computed to he about 18 miles. Thence the boundary line runs
Up the middle of the river, to its most northerly head, which is
a pond situated partly in the town of Wakefield and partly in
Shapley, in the county of York. The distance of this pond
from the mouth of the harbour is 35 miles N., 20° W. From
the head of this pond, according to the royal determination,
in 1740, the dividing line was run N. 2° W. until 120 miles
were finished from Piscataqua harbour, or until it met with
other territories belonging to his majesty. The reason of mentioning this specific distance, in the decree, was, that 120 miles
was thf; extent of the province of INIaine. At that time no oth;
er
government subject
to
the British
crown
lay in that direc-
In 1763, the new province of Quebec was erected; and
its southern boundary was a line passing along the high lands,
which divide the rivers, that empty themselves into the river
By the treaSt. Lawrence, from those which fall into the sea.
ty of peace, between America and Britain, in 1783, all the lands
southward of that line, reckoning it from the eastward to the
northwest head of Connecticut river, and thence parallel to the
middle of said river, to the forty-fifth degree of north latitude,
tion.
were ceded
The
Quebec.
United States.
bounded on the north by the British province of
to the
state
is
The
northern extremity of this
marked N. E. New-Hampshire, 1789.
line, is
a birch tree,
extends along
the high lands, seventeen miles and 207 rods, to the head of the
exat which
northwestern branch of Connecticut river
Thence the
tremity is a Fir tree, inscribed N.H. N.W. 1789.
boundary descends to the forty-fifth degree of latitude, by the
It contains
middle of the northwestern branch of the river.
9,491 square miles or 6,074,240 acres, of which at least 100,000
acres are covered with water.
This
line
;
�GENERAL VIEW.
The
state is
,
7
divided into six counties, viz. Rockingham,
and Coos, which see
Strafford, Hillsborough, Cheshire, Grafton,
their respective names.
Air^ Climate^
Seasons. The air of New-Hampshire is generally pure and salubrious;northwest,west and southwest winds are
the most prevalent, east winds prevail along the sea coast, in the
spring, which are extremely piercing and disagreeable, but not
under
y
—
unwholesome. The weather is less variable than in the middle
and especially the southern states, and more so than in Canada.
The extremes of cold and heat, according to 'Fahrenheit's
Thermometer, is from 20° below to 100 above 0. The medium
is from 48° to 50°.
The winter commonly commences in its
severity about the middle of December.
Cattle are sheltered from about the 20th November to the 1st of May. There
has been frosts in every month in the year, though not in the
same season and not in a very injurious degree.
Instances of sudden changes in the weather are noticed in the
;
earliest accounts of the country.
In 1658,
when
the apple trees
were in blossom,there came on such a sudden and severe cold,that
in a fishing boat belonging to Hampton, one man died before it
could reach the shore, another was so chilled that he died in a
few days, and a third lost his feet. This instance is remark-
The common time for the apple trees to blossom, is
about the third week in May, but they blossom earlier or later
according to the degrees of heat.
On the 11th day of May^
1769, and again on May 8, ISOt, when the trees were in blossom an unusual flight of snow covered them, and continued two
days, so as to produce sleighing.
In a very warm autumn the earliest apple trees have produced blossoms ; and roses have bloomed in the month of October ;
but these appearances are rare.
In the spring, the trees which have been cut down the preceding year, are burned in the new plantations.
If the season
be dry, the flames have spread in the woods, and a large extent
of forest has been on fire at once.
From these numerous fires, arise immense clouds of smoke,
mingled with burnt leaves of the trees, which are carried to a
great^ distance by the wind.
These clouds meeting with other
vapours in the atmosphere, sometimes produce very singular appearances.
The darkness of 19th May, 1780, was probably
caused by such a combination of vapours.
Fires had spread
very extensively in the woods, and westerly winds had driven
the smoke over the country.
It was so thick for several preceding days near the horizon, that the sun disappeared an hour
before its sitting, and in the low grounds it was almost sulTocating.
The morning of the 19th of May was cloudy, with some
able.
�GENERAL
8
\'IEW.
and a black cloud appeared in the southwest, from which
The rain water and the surface of rivwas heard thunder.
ers, was covered with a sooty scum.
The remains of a snow
drift, which had been clean the preceding day became black,
several small birds flew into the houses, and others were found
About two hours before noon
dead abroad from suffocation.
the clouds assumed a brassy appearance
after which their colour became a dusky grey and at an hour after noon, it was necrain
;
;
;
essary to light candles.
At the greatest obscurity the smoke of a chimney was observed to rise perpendicular, and then decline to the west.
thick fog which came in from the sea, moved along the hill tops
in the same direction.
The extent of this darkness was more than two hundred miles
from north to south. To the westward, it extended beyond
Albany, and it was observed by a vessel at sea, fifteen leagues
eastward of Cape Anne.
The darkness varied its appearance in some places through
the afternoon ; but in the maritime towns of New-Hampshire,
there was no variation of it ; and the evening presented a complete specimen of as total darkness as can be conceived.
Before midnight the vapours disappeared, and the next morning there was no appearance of them.
The Aurora-borealis was first noticed in New-Hampshire,
December 11th, 1719.
The aged people say it is not so common now as formerly. It sometimes appears in the form of a
luminous arch extending from east to west, but more commonly rises from a dark convexity in the north, and flashes upwards
In a calm night, and in the intervals betowards the zenith.
tween gentle flaws of wind, an attentive ear, in a retired situaThis
tion, may perceive it to be accompanied with a sound.
luminous appearance has been observed in all seasons of the
year ; in extreme heat and cold and all intermediate degrees.
The colour of the streams is sometimes variegated with white,
blue, yellow, and red, the lustre of which reflected from the
snow, is an appearance highly beautiful and interesting.
A
—
Face of the Country^ Sea-Coast, £sf Mountains. The whole exfrom its southern boundary, to the mouth
tent of the sea coast,
of Piscataqua harbour, is about 1 8 miles. The shore is generally a sandy beach, within which are salt marshes, intersected
by creeks. There are several coves convenient for fishing vessels ; but the only harbour for ships is the entrance of the Piscataqua, where the shore is rocky.
Some ledges and points of
rocks are situated to the southward of the harbour of Rye ; but
Two bluffs on*
there is no remarkable head land on the coast.
�GENERAL VIEW.
9
above the level of the sea, which are called
Boars heads these are in the town of Hampton.
For twenty or thirty miles from the sea, the country is either level, or variegated by little hills and vallies. Then commence the
first range of mountains continued through the.towns of Milton,
The
Farmington, Barrington, Nottingham, and Nl&rthwood.
several summits are distinguished by different names, as Teniy appear elevated
great and
little
;
Beyond these are several deeriff, Saddle-back, Tuckaway, &c.
tached mountains of considerable elevation. Moose mountain in
Major in Alton, Gunstock, Gilmanton
Brookfield, Mont
Farther back the mountains rise higher, and
mountains, &c.
among the third range, Chocorcea, Osslpee, and Kearsarge claim
Beyond these is the lofty ridge which is
the pre-eminence.
.commonly called the height of land. In this ridge is the grand
Monadnock,(see Jaffrey,) Sunapee, and Moosehillock (see FishThis ridge is continued northwesterly,
ersfield and Coventry.)
dividing the waters of the river Connecticut, from those of Saco
and Amariscoggin. Here the mountains rise much higher, and
the
most elevated summits
whicH see.
in this range, are the
White moun-
tains,
—
^
Nature has formed such relaother xvaters,
between mountains and rivers, that in describing the one,
we are unavoidably led to speak of the other.
Rivers^
tions
New-Hampshire is so situated, that five of the largest rivers
New-England, either take their rise within its limits, or reThese are the
ceive much of their waters from its mountains.
in
Connecticut, Amariscoggin, Saco, Merrimack, and Piscataqua.
For a more particular description of these rivers and other waters, see their respective
names.
—
Canals £?* Turnpikes. The Pemigewasset Canal Company,
incorporated June 20, 1804, for the purpose of cutting a canal
by Webster's falls in said river, near the house of Ebenezer
Contoocook Canal Company, incorporated DecemEastman.
ber 13, 1804, for the purpose of cutting a canal by the falls in
Concord, and also where said river empties into the Merrimack.
The Piscataquog Canal CompaHy,for cutting a canal from Gale's
mills, in the town of Weare, to Parker's landing in Bedford,
incorpoi'ated June 18, 1806. The White River Falls Company,
incorporated June 12, 1807, for the purpose of cutting canals
and locking the falls on Connecticut river, and making it navigable for lumber and boats, from the head of White river fails,
between Lebanon and Hartford, at the upper bar, to the foot of
the falls at the lower bar.
The great Ossipee Canal Company,
2
�10
GENERAli VIEW.
^
incorporated June 19, 1807, for cutting, slipping, and canalling
Ossipee river and falls, from Ossipee pond to the province line.
Bow Canal Company, incorporated June 11, 1808 ; for the purpose of cutting and opening a canal in Merrimack river, and
Turkey river falls, in the town of Bow.
The Union Locks and Canal. This company is empowered to
clear the Merrimack river from Reed's ferry to Amoskeag
falls, and to constitute and maintain such locks and dams as
shall be necessary for rendering the same navigable for boats.
The Merrimack Boating Company, incorporated June, 1812.
Winnipiseogee River Canal Company, incorporated June, 1812.
Hillsborough and Strafford Company, incorporated December
For various others, see rivers, &c.
16, 1812.
.
— The
New-Hampshire turnpike road extends
in Durham, to Merrimack river, in Concord.
Its course is westerly through Durham, Lee, a corner
of Barrington, Nottingham, Northwood, Epsom, Chichester, and
Was incorporated June, 1796. The second
thence to Concord.
turnpike road in N. H. extends from the lottery hj-idge in Claremont, to the plain in Amherst. Incorporated December 26,
Turnpikes.
from Piscataqua bridge
—
Its course is southerly, from Claremont, through Unity,
1799.
Lempster, Washington, north corner of Windsor, southwest
corner of Hillsborough, northeast corner of Antrim, part of
Francestown, southwest corner of New- Boston,
Dcering,
through Mount-Vernon to Amherst, a distance of nearly fifty
miles.
The third turnpike road extends from Bellows' falls in Walpole, on Connecticut river, through a part of Westmoreland
and Surry, thence through Keene, Marlborough, Jaffrey, NewIpswich, and a corner of Mason, to the south line of the state,
near Ashby in Massachusetts, a distance of 45 miles. Incorporated December 27, 1799.
The fourth turnpike road in N. H. extends from the east
bank of Connecticut river in the town of Lebanon, nearly opIts course is southeast
posite the mouth of White river.
through Lebanon, Enfield, a corner of Grafton, Springfield, Wilmot, Andover, and New-Salisbury, to Merrimack river in Boscawen, about 40 miles. Incorporated December, 1800. Branch
Road and Bridge Company, incorporated June 16, 1802, This
road extends from the south line of the town of Fitzwilliam to
the village in Keene about 14 miles.
Its course is northwest,
and through Marlborough. The 5th N.H. turnpike road not yet
commenced. The 6th N. H. Turnpike and Bridge Company was
incorporated June 16, 1802.
The bridge is over Connecticut
river, between the towns of Hinsdale and Brattleborough.
;
•
�GENERAL \1KW.
i I
extends from said bridge through Hinsdale and WinDover turnchester to the line of Massachusetts at Warwick.
pike road extending from Dover landing, near the bridge,
through Somersworth to Salmon-fall river. The compan)^ was
incorporated December 21, 1803.
The Coos turnpike road leading from Haverhill to Warren ;
about 12 miles southeast course was incorporated December
The road
—
29,1803.
Orford turnpike road was incorporated December 27, 1803,
and leads from Orford bridge, to Aiken's bridge in Wentworth.
The 10th turnpike road in N. H. extends from the upper line
in Bartlett, through the notch in the White hills about 20 miles
and was incorporated December 28, 1803.
;
The Charleston
turnpike, incorporated
December
27",
1803,
and extends from the easterly bank of Connecticut river, through
the central part of Charleston and Ackworth to the second N.H.
turnpike in Lempster
about 12 miles.
The Mahew turnpike, incorporated December 29, 1803, and
extends from a Mr. Burleigh's in New-Chester, to the east side
of New-found pond, thence through Plymouth and Rumney to
the Coos turnpike
a distance of about 46 miles.
extending
Chester turnpike, incorporated June 12, 1804
about fourteen miles a southeast course from Pembroke, through
Allenstown and Candia to Chester street.
The Londonderry turnpike, incorporated June, 1804, extends from Butter's corner in Concord, to the state line near
Andover bridge, Massachusetts. Its course from Concord is
about southeast, through Bow to Isle-Hookset bridge, thence
through Chester, Londonderry, the easterly corner of Windham
and Salem to the state line, a distance of about 35 miles.
Grafton turnpike road extending from near Orford bridge
over Connecticut river through Lime, the northeast corner of
Hanover, Canaan, the westerly part of Orange, Grafton, Danbury, New-Chester
and unites with the 4th N. H. turnpike
;
;
;
;
in
New- Andover
erly,
northwest corner. Its course is south*
and distance about 35 miles, and was incorporated June
in its
21, 1804.
The Jefferson turnpike, incorporated December 11th, 1804,
extending from the extremity of the 10th N. H. turnpike, through
Bretton woods, Jefferson, and Lancaster to the meeting house,
in a northerly direction about 18 miles.
The Croydon turnpike,
incorporated June 21, 1804 ; and extends from or near the
branch turnpike, where it intersects the 4th turnpike in Lebanon, thence through or between Plainfield and Enfield, New-
Grantham, Croydon, New-Port, and Lempster, until it strikes
the 2d turnpike in Washington.
Length about 35 miles.
�12
GENERAL VIEW.
.
Cheshire turnpike, incorporated December 13, 1804, and extends from Connecticut river to Charleston meeting-house, in
a southerly course through Langdon, a part of Walpole, AlDisstead, and Surry to the third N. H. turnpike in Keene.
tance 20 miles.
Ashuelot turnpike, incorporated June 18,1 807, and leads from
the turnpike in Winchester through Richmond to Fitzwilliam
village in an easterly course about fifteen miles.
Ringe turnpike, incorporated June 12, 1807, and extends
from the state line in the southwest corner of New-Ipswich to
the Branch turnpike leading from Keene to Boston.
The Cornish turnpike, incorporated December 9, 1808, extends from Cornish bridge and intersects the Croydon turnpike
at
Newport, distant 11 miles.
The Fitzwilliam
Village turnpike, incorporated December 9,
The
1809, and extends from Fitzwilliam to the state line.
large
above named turnpike roads are generally completed.
number more are incorporated, and some of them Avill soon be
A
passable.
Within the
last
twenty years, the
roads in
this state
have
much improved, so that communication between the
Much however remains
distant parts of it is much facilitated.
been
be done, especially in the northern part of the state.
Several canals are in contemplation and will undoubtedly
One for uniting the wabe completed in a few years.
ters of the Connecticut with the Merrimack through Suncompany is incorporated for
apee lake— (see Sunapee lake.)
cutting a canal from Winnipiseogee lake to Cocheco river at
Dover ; this rout has been surveyed and marked. Another for
to
A
opening a communication from Winnipiseogee lake to MerriFrom the best information I can obtain, we have
river.
now open for travel 300 miles of turnpike road, and 300 more
will soon be opened.
mack
—
£if Relics of Indians.
In describing any country,
natural to make some inquiry concerning the vestiges of
It is well known, that the original naits ancient inhabitants.
tives of this part of the country were not ambitious of perpetuating their memory by durable monuments. Their invention was
chiefly employed, either in providing for their subsistence, by
hunting, fishing, and planting, or guarding against and surprisTheir houses and canoes were constructed
ing their enemies.
Their mode of travelling was to t^ke
of perishable materials.
all possible advantage of water carriage, and to shorten distances, by transporting their birch canoes, which were convenient
Their manner of
for the purpose, across the necks of land.
Monuments^
it is
�GENERAL VIEW.
taking
fish
was
lli
by entangling them in wears or in scoop
them with spears. They took quadrupeds in
either
nets, or striking
traps or pitfalls, or shot them, as well as birds, with arrows.
For the construction of their canoes and houses they used hatchIn cooking their meat they eiets, chisels, and gouges of stone.
on coals or on a wooden grate, or roasted it on
it in kettles of stone.
Their com was
pounded in mortars of wood, with pestles of stone. Their bread
was baked on flat stones set before the fire, or in green leaves
Clam shells served them for spoons, and
laid under hot ashes.
their fingers for knives and forks.
They had no sharper instruOf
ments than could be formed of stones, shells, or bones.
these, the two last are of a perishable nature but of the first, relics are often found in the places of their former residence,
generally in the neighbourhood of waterfalls and other convenient fishing places.
There is in the possession of a gentleman
of this state, a piece of bone, on which is engraven the bust of a
man, apparently in the agonies of death.
The countenance is
savage, and the work well executed.
The bone with the figure
on it was found on the shore of Little-bay ,in the riverPiscataqua.
The cellars in whichthey preserved their corn, are discovered
in the new settlements, and their graves are frequently seen.
Most of the skeletons appear to be in a sitting posture, and some
remains of the instruments, which were supposed necessary
to their subsistence, ornament, or defence, in the " country of
souls," are found with them, particularly the stone-pipe for
smoking tobacco, of v/hich there are several varieties.
ther broiled
a forked
it
stick, or boiled
;
In a piece of interval land near Ossipee pond, is a mound of
earth overgrown with pine, in which, at the depth of two feet,
several skeletons have been discovered, buried with the face
downwards. At Exeter, about 23 years ago, the remains of an
infant skeleton were dug up.
It was in a perpendicular posture, and had been enclosed in a hollow log.
Some strings of
wampum were found near it, and several spoons, apparently of
European manufacture.
Ferest trees
£sf
Vegetable productions,
—The
botany of this
would furnish an extensive subject if treated scientifically,
and with the minuteness due to its importance.
It would of itstate,
;
volume. After attending to the following dethe great variety of our vegetable productions may be eas-
self deserve a
tails,
ily
imagined.
The
grow to a degree of luxuriance, and
abundance and variety. The common forest trees are
elm, sassafras, wild cherry ,bass wood, locust, and birch, of which
we have four species ; of the oak four, walnut three, one of
native forest trees
in profuse
�M
GENERAL VIEW.
which, called oil nvit or butter nut, the extract of the bark of
which, is a most excellent cathartic. It neither produces gripings nor leaves the patient costive, and may be made efficacious
without hazard,by increasing the quantity administered. Its operation is easy andsafe,even to the most delicate constitution. It is a
most excellent family medicine, and well calculated for hospitals,
navies, and armies. Of the beech and pine there are three species of the former and seven of the latter
hemlock, spruce, fir,
chestnut, hornbeam, button-wood, red and white cedar, poplar,
and red, white, and black, or rock maple, which last has obtained
the nanie of sugar maple, and a variety of other trees not named, are also common in our forests.
It isnot our intention to treat systematically of the natural history of the state, or describe with botanical accuracy, the indigenous vegetables, which it contains but briefly to notice such
as are endowed with remarkable qualities, either salutary or
noxious.
Those that are salutary, are the grape, black and red currant,
wild gooseberry, cranberry, common and superb raspberry,
brambleberrj-, running and upright blackberry, strawberry, and
bayberry.
The ginseng, so much esteemed by the Chinese, is
found in great plenty in the western part of the state, and the
It was forfurther north it is found, the better is its quality.
merly thought that the ginseng grew only in China and Tartary ;
but it was discovered in America about 1750, and some specimens of it sent to England, and from thence to China, and was,
on trial, acknowledged, by the Chinese themselves, to be the
same with the oi'iental ginseng. The prickly ash is a shrub, the
bark of which, is esteemed an excellent remedy for chronic
rheumatism. The garget or American night shade, root, leaves,
and berry is used in various diseases common to the human
frame, and the root is in high repute among farmers for the use
of catde. There are two species of elder, black and red, snakeroot, maidenhair, sarsaparilla ; three species of cobelia, one of
which is a powerful emetic. The buck bean grows near the
Monadnock, and the skunk cabbage, which is very efficacious in
asthmatic complaints, grows in many parts of the state.
It may be proper to close this account of indigenous vegetables with the names of those plants, which, under certain circumstances prove poisonous
some of which however have been
brought into medicinal use, and are valued for the cure of disorders attended with spasmodic affections.
Of this latter class
are the hemlock, thorn apple, henbane, and night-shade. Others
are poisonous, such as the ivy,commonly called mercury, swamp
sumach, water-elder, herb Christopher, stinking snake weed, and
white helebore or poke.
:
;
;
;
�GENERAL VIEW.
15
—
There is a great variety of soil in NewSoil &? Agriculture.
The interval lands on the large rivers, are con-
Hampshire.
sidered the most valuable, because they are overflowed and enriched by the waters from the uplands, which bring down a fat
These lands proslime or sediment of the consistency of soap.
duce every kind of grain in great perfection ; but are not so
good for pastures as the uplands. The wide spreading hills of
a moderate elevation and of a rocky, moist, warm, rich soil are
most esteemed for pastures. Drained swamps have a deep mellow
and the vallies between hills are generally very productive.
In the new and uncultivated parts of the state, the soil is disthus, white oak
tinguished by its various kinds of trees
land is hard and stony, the under growth consisting of br..kes
^nd fern it will not produce grass till it has been ploughed and
hoed, but is good for indian corn white and pitch pine lands
Spruce and hemlock in the eastern part of
are dry and sandy.
soil,
;
;
:
the state denote a thin, cold soil
when mixed with
birch,
it is
;
but in the western parts,
a moist soil,
good
for grass.
When
the white pine and oil nut are found on the same land, it is
commonly a deep moist loam, and considered very advantageous
for cultivation, as it bears grass, corn, and other grain without
ploughing.
The mode of clearing and cultivating new lands, has been
much improved within the last forty or fifty years. Sixty years ago
was thought impossible to raise indian corn without the
plough and hoe.
The mode of planting it among the burnt
logs was practised with great success at Gilmanton, about
the year 1 762, and this easy mode of culture soon became universal in the new plantations.
In interval lands on Connecticut river, wheat often yields 40 or 50 bushels to the acre
but
on the uplands 20 is considered a good crop. Indian corn will
average more than 40 bushels to the acre. Of all grains winter
rye grows best on new lands, and Indian corn and barley on the
old. Barley does not flourish in new lands nor is flax cultivated
to any advantage, until the land has been under preparation for
some years. The same may be said of oats and pease but every
kind of esculent roots is much larger in the virgin soil than in
any other.
The first inhabitants of New-Hampshire came principally
from the south-Western counties of England, where cider
and perry were made in great quantities.
They took
much pains to set out apple and pear trees on their
plantations, which flourished well and grew to a great size.
The first growth is now decayed
but a succession has been
preserved, and no good husbandman thinks his farm complete
without an orchard.
it
;
;
;
;
�GENERAL VIEW.
16
Agriculture is, and always will be, the chief business of the
people of New- Hampshire, if they attend to their true interest.
Every tree that is cut down in the forest opens to the sun a
new spot of earth, which, with proper cultivation, will produce
It is impossible to conceive what
food for man and beast.
quantities may be produced of beef, pork, mutton, poultry,
wheat, rye, indian corn, barley, pulse, butter, and cheese ; artiFlax and hemp may be
cles which will always find a market.
As the country becomes
also cultivated to great advantage.
more cleared, pastures increase, and the number of cattle is continually multiplying.
—
Domestic Animals. This state presents a long catalogue of
such domestic animals, as have been found useful in all parts of
the woriid, situated in similar latitudes. The first neat cattle imported from Europe into New-Hampshire, were sent by Capt.
John Mason and his associates, about 1633, to stock their plants
ations and to be employed in drawing lumber.
These cattle
were of a large breed and a yellow colour, procured from DenAt what time and by whom the horse was first immark.
ported does not appear. Sheep and swine were first sent over
from England, by Laconia. Sheep have greatly multiplied, and
are considered the most profitable stock that can be raised on a
farm. The breed has been renewed and much improved by the
introduction ofmerinoes from Spain, and other parts of Europe.
While therefore the best lambs shall be reserved by the farmer
for their select flocks, well fed, sheltered from storms and careOf other
fully managed, our breed will continue to improve.
domestic animals, we possess all those that are useful, convenThe following computations
ient and common to our climate.
of neat cattle and horses are founded on the invoice taken in
1812. The neat cattle according to the above information may
the horses 32,161, and the. sheep*
be computed at 211,534
(The
according to the best calculation will amount to 364,892.
American statistical writer, the indefatigable Blodget, computes
the whole number of neat cattle in the United States in 1809,
We have no returns of the
3,660,000 ; horses 1,400,000.)
number of swine in this state, but may compute the number of
fatted swine killed annually at 35,000, and of oxen killed or driven to market 100,000.
;
* With regard to the number of sheep, lettera were directed to the representativesof each town in the state, requesting them to send to us the number of sheep
in their respective towns but we have to say in many instances our requests
were neglected, but in proportioi\ with the number returned, the above statement
;
is
correct.
�GENERAL VIEW,
-
—
17
Wild Animals. The wolf first claims notice ; this animal has
been very common and noxious in the new settlements.
The bear has been
bounty of 20 dollars is paid for its head.
one of the most troublesome animals of our forests. In the months
of August and September, he makes great havoc in the fields
There is the wolverine
of indian corn in the new settlements.
and wild cat, and the other animals common to New-England.
The only mammillary biped, which we have is the bat, which
forms the connecting link between beasts and birds.
A
—
The birds of New-Hampshire are those common in
Birds.
the New-England states, for a catalogue of which see Belknap's
history of N. H.
—
Of these our number is but small. The rattleSerpents.
is the only one that is poisonous ; its numbers have been
The black snake, small
great, but are now diminishing.
water snake, small brown adder, house adder, (said to be poisonous,) water adder, striped snake, and green snake, are the princisnake
pal kinds.
Fish.
— Of
fish
we have
a
numerous
list.
A
bare enumera-
The
tion of which would be equally useless and uninteresting.
cod comes into the Piscataqua in the spring and fall, and is takThe haddock, hake, and
en at sea in all months of the year.
pollock are taken at sea in the spring and sumnTer, and being
Halibut
dried are sold under the denomination of scale fish.
is the largest fish that is taken for food ; and when full grown
it exceeds 500 pounds in weight ; those of 200 pounds are frequently brought to market and sod.
See -Portsmouth.
Caverns^ Stones^ Fossils^^ Minerals.
must be extremely imperfect
—This part of our history
many
parts of our statQ are
yet unexplored in these respects, and of those parts that are
known the knowledge is mostly confined to its surface and vege;tation.
Such things however of this kind as have occurred,
shall be noticed under their respective names.
Mineralogy is a
branch of science, that is but little cultivated. Men of genius and science have not leisure to pursue objects from which
immediate advantage cannot be drawn.
The disappointments
^hich have attended some expensive attempts, the air of mystery thrown over the subject by some ignorant pretenders
andr the facility with which every mineral may be imported,
have discouraged inquirers.
But from the specimens that
have appeared, there can be no doubt of the existence of
3
;
as
�ly
tiE>iERAL
VIEW
mineral and fossil treasures, in the search ot
generations will find employment.
Constitution^*
Governments^ Laws.
born equally free and independent
right originates from the people,
stituted for the general good.
is
;
— Article
therefore
founded
which future
I.
All
men
are
government of
consent, and in-
all
in
II. All men have certain natural, essential and inherent
rights— among which are the enjoying and defending life and
liberty, acquiring, possessing and protecting property
and in a
word, of seeking and obtaining happiness.
;
III.
When men
enter into a state of society, they surrender
rights to that society, in order to ensure the protection of others ; and without such an equivalent,
the surrender is void.
ly. Among the natural rights, some are in their very nature
unalienable ; because no equivalent can be given or received for
up some of
them
their natural
of this kind are the rights of conscience.
:
Every individual has
a natural and unalienable right to
worship God according to the dictates of his own conscience
and reason and no subject shall be hurt, molested, or restrained, in his person, liberty, or estate, for worshipping God in
the
manner and season most .igreeable to the dictates of his own
"V.
;
conscience, or for his religious profession, sentiments, or persuasion ; provided he doth not disturb the public peace, or disturb others in their religious worship.
yi. As morality and piety, rightly grounded on evangelical
principles, will give the best and greatest security to govern-
ment, and will lay, in the hearts of men, the strongest obligadue subjection
and as the knowledge of these is most
likely to be propagated through a society, by the institution
of
the public worship of the Deity, and of public instruction in
morality and religion; therefore, to promote those important
purposes, the people of this state have a right to empower, and
d© hereby fully empower the legislature, to authorize, from
tions to
;
tinie to time, the several
religious societies, within
ion, at their own expense,
public Protestant teachers
towns, parishes, bodies corporate or
state, to make adequate provisfor the support and maintenance of
of piety, religion and morality.
Provided not-withstanding s That the several towns, parishes,
bodies corporate, or religious societies, shall at all times have
the exclusive right of electing their own public teachers, and <of
this
* The Constitution of New-Hampsliire was approved by
the people, and' established by conyention, fifth of September, 1792. The former
constitution 'having been approved by Ihe people, was established by Convention
31st Octc.ber,
174?, and took effect on the first Wednesday of June, 1784.
�GENERA I- VIEW,
19
conti acting with them for their support andmaintenance. And no
person of any one particular religious sect or denomination,
shall ever be compelled to pay towards the support of the teacher or teachers of another persuasion, sect or denomination.
And every denomination of christians, demeaning themselves quietly, and as good subjects of the state, shall be equally
under the protection of the law
and no subordination of any
one sect or denomination to another shall ever be established by
:
law.
And nothing herein shall be understood to affect any former
contracts made for the support of the ministry ; but all such
contracts shall remain, and be in the same state as if this conhad not been made.
VII. The people of this state have the sole and exclusive
right of governing themselves as a free, sovereign and independent state
and do, and forever hereafter shall exercise and
enjoy every power, jurisdiction and right, pertaining thereto,
which is not, or may not hereafter be by them expressly delegated to the United States of America in Congress assembled.
VIII. All power residing originally in, and being derived
from the people, all the magistrates and officers of government
are their substitutes and agents, and at all times accountable to
them.
IX. No office or place whatsoever in government, shall be
hereditary rthe abilities and integrity requisite in all, not being
stitution
;
—
transmissible to posterity or relations.
X. Government being instituted for the common benefit, proand security of the whole community, and not for the
private interest or emolument of any one man, family, or class
of men therefore, whenever the ends of government are perverted, and public liberty manifestly endangered, and all other
means of redress are ineffectual, the people may and of right
ought to reform the old, or establish a new government. The
doctrine of nonresistance against arbitrary power and oppression, is absurd, slavish, and destructive of the good and happiness of mankind.
XI. All elections ought to be free, and every inhabitant of the
state, having the proper qualifications, has equal right to elect
and be elected into office.
XII. Every member of the community has a right to be protected by it, in the enjoyment of his life, liberty and property he
is therefore bound to contribute his share in the expense of such
protection, and to yield his personal service when necessary, or
an equivalent.
But no part of a man's property shall be taken
from him, or applied to public uses, without his own consent,
or that of the representative body of the people.
Nor are the
tection
;
;
�20
GENfiHAL VIEW.
inhabitants of this state controlable by any other laws than those,
to which they, or their representative body, have given their
consent.
XIII. No person, who is conscientiously scrupulous about
the lawfulness of bearing arms, shall be compelled thereto, provided he will pay an equivalent.
XIV. Every subject of this state is entitled to a certain remedy, by having recourse to the laws, for all injuries he may receive in his person, property, or character ; to obtain right and
justice freely, without being obliged to purchase it ; completely
and without any denial ; promptly and without delay, conformably to the laws.
XV. No subject shall be held to answer for any crime or offence, until the same is fully and plainly, substantially and formally described to him ; or be compelled to accuse or furnish evidence against himself.
And every subject shall have a right
to produce all proofs that may be favourable to himself
to
meet the witnesses against him, face to face ; and to be fully
heard in his defence, by himself and counsel.
And no subject
shall be arrested, imprisoned, despoiled, or deprived of his
property, immunities, or privileges put out of the protection of
the law, exiled or deprived of his life, liberty, or estate, but by
the judgment of his peers, or the law of the land.
%
XVI. No subject shall be liable to be tried, after an acquittal, for the same crime or offence.
Nor shall the legislature
make any law that shall subject any person to a capital punishment, (excepting for the government of the army and navy, and
the militia in actual service) without trial by jury.
XVII. In criminal prosecutions,, the trial of facts, in the vicinity where they happen, is so essential to the security of the life,
liberty, and estate of the titizen, that no crima or offence ought
to be tried in any other county- than that in which it is committed
except in cases of general insurrection in any particular
county, when it shall appear to the Judges of the Superior
Court, that an impartial trial cannot be had in the county where
the offence may be committed, and upon their report, the legislature shall think proper to direct the trial in the nearest
county in which an impartial trial can be obtained.
XVIII. All penalties ought to be proportioned to the nature
of the offence.
wise legislature will affix the same punishment to the crimes of theft, forgery and the like, which they do
to those of murder and treason ; where the same undistinguishing severity is exerted against all offences, the people are led to
forget the real distinction in the crimes themselves, and to commit the most flagrant with as little compunction as they do the
lightest offences
For the same reason a multitude of sanguin:
J
Na
:
�GENERAL VIEW.
21
ary laws is both impolitic and unjust. The true design of all
punishments being to reform, not to exterminate mankind.
XIX. Every subject hath a right to be secure Irom all unreasonable searches and seizures of his person, his houses, his
Therefore, all warrants to
papers, and all his possessions.
search suspected places, or arrest a person for examination or
prosecutions for criminal matters, are contrary to this
the cause or foundation of them be not previously supported by oath or affirmation ; and if the order, in a warrant to
a civil officer, to make search in suspected places, or to arrest
one or more suspected persons, or to seize their property, be not
accompanied with a special designation of the persons or objects
of search, arrest, or seizure ; and no warrant ought to be issued,
but in cases, and with the formalities, prescribed by law.
XX. In all controversies concerning property, and in all suits
between two or more persons, except in cases in which it has been
heretofore otherwise used and practised, the parties have a right
to a trial by jury, and this method of procedure shall be held sacred, unless in cases arising on the high seas and such as relate to
marinerls' wages, the legislature shall think it necessary hereafter
trial, in
right,
if
to alter
it.
XXI.
In order to reap the fullest advantage of the inestimaby jury, great care ought to be taken,
that none but qualified persons should be appointed to serve ;
and such ought to be fully compensated for their travel, time
and attendance.
ble privilege of the trial
XXII. The
LIBERTY OF THE PRESS
security of freedom in a state
violably preserved.
•the
:
It
is
essential to
ought therefore to be
in-
XXIII. Retrospective laws
are highly injurious, oppressive
such laws therefore should be made, either
for the decision of civil causes, or the punishment of offences.
and unjust.
No
A
XXIV.
well regulated militia is the proper, natural and
sure defence of a state.
XXV. Standing armies are dangerous to liberty, and ought
not to be raised, or kept up without the consent of the legislature.
XXVI.
In all cases and at all times, the military ought to be
subordination to, and governed by the civil power.
XXVII. No soldier in time of peace, shall be quartered in
any house, without the consent of the owner and in time of
war, such quarters ought not to be made but by the civil magistrate, in a manner ordained by the legislature.
XXVIII. No subsidy, charge, tax, impost, or duty, shall be
established, fixed, laid, or levied, under any pretext whatsoever,
under
strict
;
�GENERAL VIEW.
2'2
without the consent of the people, or their representatives in
the legislature, or authority derived from that body.
XXIX. The power of suspending the laws, or the execution
of them, ought never to be exercised but by the legislature, or
by authority derived therefrom, to be exercised in such particular cases only as the legislature shall expressly provide for.
XXX. The freedom of deliberation, speech and debate, in
cither house of the legislature, is so essential to the rights of
the people, that it cannot be the foundation of any action, complaint, or prosecution, in any other court or place whatsoever.
XXXI. The legislature shall assemble for the redress of public grievances, and for making such laws as the public good may
require.
XXXII. The
people have a right in an orderly and peaceaand consult upon the common good,
give instructions to their representatives, and to request of the
legislative body by way of petition or remonstrance, redress of
the wrongs done them, and of the grievances they suffer.
XXXIII. No magistrate, or court of law, shall demand
excessive bail or sureties, impose excessive fines, or inflict cruel or unusual punishments.
XXXIV. No person can in any case be subjected to lawmartial, or to any pains or penalties by virtue of that law, except those employed in the army or navy, and except the militia in actual service, but by authority of the legislature.
XXXV. It is essential to the preservation of the rights of
every individual, his life, liberty, property, and character, that
there be an impartial interpretation of the laws and administraIt is the right of every citizen to be tried by
tion of justice.
It is
judges as impartial as the lot of humanity will admit.
therefore not only the best policy, but for the security of the
rights of the people, that the judges of the Supreme Judicial
Court should hold their offices so long as they behave well ;
subject however to such limitations on account of age, as may
be provided by the constitution of the state ; and that they
should have honourable salaries ascertained and established by
standing laws.
XXXVI. Economy being a most essential virtue in all
no pension shall be granted,
states, especially in a young one
but in consideration of actual services ; and such pensions ought
to be granted with great caution by the legislature, and never
for more than one year at a time.
XXXVII. In the government of this state, the three essential powers thereof, to wit, the legislative, executive and judicial, ought to be kept as separate from, and independent of each
ble
manner
to assemble
;
�GENERAL VIEW.
23
Other, as the nature of a free government will admit, or as is
consistent with that chain of connexion that binds the whole fabric of the constitution in one indissoluble bond of union afid
amity.
XXXVIII.
A
frequent recurrence to the fundamental prinand a constant adherence to justice,
moderation, temperance, industry, frugality and all the social
virtues, are indispensably necessary to preserve the blessings of
liberty and good government ; the people ought therefore to have
a particular regard to all those principles in the choice of their
officers and representatives : and they have a rignt to require
of their law- givers and magistrates, an exact and constant observance of them, in the formation and execution of the laws
necessary for the good administration of government.
ciples of the constitution,
Part
II.
Form of Government,
— The
territory formerly called the Province of
people inhabiting the
New-Hampshire, do
hereby solemnly and mutually agree with each other, to form
themselves into a free, sovereign and independent body-politic,
or state, by the name of the State of New- Hampshire.
—
General Court. The supreme legislative power, within this
shall be vested in the senate and house of representa-.
tives, each of which shall have a negative on the other.
The senate and house shall assemble every year on the first
Wednesday of June, and at such other times as they may judge
and shall dissolve, and be dissolved seven days nex6
necessary
preceding the said first Wednesday of June ; and shall bestiled
The General Court of New- Hampshire.
The general court shall forever have full power and authority
to erect and constitute judicatories, and courts of record, or other courts, to be holden in the name of the state, for the hearing, trying and determining all manner of crimes, offences, pleas,
processes, plaints, actions, causes, matters and things whatso-^
ever, arising or happening within this state, or between or concerning persons inhabiting or residing, or brought within the
same ; whether the same be criminal or civil, or whether the
crimes be capital, or not capital, and whether the said pleas
be real, personal, or mixed and for the awarding and issuing
execution thereon.
To which courts and judicatories, arc
hereby given and granted, full power and authority, from time
to time, to administer oaths or affirmations, for the better discovery of truth in any matter in controversy, or depending
before them.
And further, full power and authority are hereby given and
granted to the said general court, from time to time to make, orstate,
;
;
�GENERAL VIEW.
24
all manner of wholesome and reasonable orders, laws, statutes, ordinances, directions and instructions, either with penalties, or without, so as the same be not repugnant
or contrary to this constitution, as tliey may judge for the
dain and establish,
and welfare of this state, and for the governing and
ordering thereof, and of the subjects of the same, for the
necessary support and defence of the government thereof;
and to name and settle annually, or provide by fixed laws for
the naming and settling, all civil officers within this state ;
such officers excepted, the election and appointment of whom
are hereafter in this form of government otherwise provided
and to set forth the several duties, powers and Hmits,
for
and
of the several civil and military officers of this state
the forms of such oaths or affirmations as shall be respectively administered unto them, for the execution of their several offices and places, so as the same be not repugnant or
contrary to this constitution ; and also to impose fines, mulcts,
imprisonments and other punishments ; and to impose and
fcvy proportional and reasonable assessments, rates, and taxbenefit
J
;
upon all the inhabitants of, and residents within, the said
and upon all estates within the same to be issued and
disposed of by warrant, under the hand of the governor of
this state for the time being, with the advice and consent of
es,
state
;
;
the council, for the public service, in^ the necessary defence
and support of the government of this state, and the protection and preservation of the subjects thereof according to such
acts as are, or shall be in force within the same.
iVnd while the public charges of government, or any part
thereof shall be assessed on poles and estates in the manner
that has heretofore been practised ; in order that such assessments may be made with equality, there shall be a valuation of the estates within the state taken anew once in every
five years at least, and as much oftener as the general court
shall order.
No member
of the general court shall take fees, be of counor act as advocate, in any cause before either branch of
the legislature ; and upon due proof thereof such member shall
forfeit his seat in the legislature.
The doors of the galleries, of each house of the legislature
shall be kept open to all persons who behave decently, except
when the welfare of the state, in the opinion of either branch,
sel,
shall require secrecy.
—
House of Representatives. There shall be, in the legislature
of this state, a representation of the people, annually electAnd in order
ed apcT founded upon principles of equality
:
�25
GE-NERAL VIEW.
that such representation may be as equal as circumstances
will admit, every town, parish, or place entitled to town privileges, having one hundred and fifty rateable male polls, of
twenty one years of age and upwards,
may
elect
one repre^
sentative ; if. four hundred and fifty rateable polls, may elect
two representatives ; and' so proceeding in that proportion,
making three hundred such rateable polls the mean increasing number, for every additional representative.
Such towns, parishes, or places, as have less than one hundred and fifty rateable polls shall be classed by the general
court for the purpose of choosing a representative, and seasonably notified thereof.
And in every class, formed for the
abovementioned purpose, the first annual meeting shall be htld
in the town, parish, or place, wherein most of the rateable
polls reside ; and afterwards in that which has the next highest number ; and so on annually by rotation, through the several towns, parishes, or places, forming the district.
Whenever any town, parish, or place, entitled to town privileges as aforesaid, shall not have one hundred and fifty rnteable polls, and be so situated as to render the classing thereof
with any other town, parish, or place, very inconvenient, the
general court may, upon application of a majority of the voters
in such town, parish, or place, issue a writ for their electing
and sending a representative to the general court.
The members of the house of representatives shall be chosen annually in the month of March, and shall be the second
branch of the legislature.
All persons qualified to vote in the- election of senators.,
shall be entitled to vote within the district where they dwell,
Every member of the house
in the choice of representatives.
of representatives shall be chosen by ballot ; and for two ears
at least, next preceding his election, sh^U have been an inshall have an estate withia the dishabitant of this state ;
trict which he may be chosen to represent, of the value of one
hundred pounds, one half of which to be a freehold, whereof he
is seized in his own right ; shall be at the time of his election an inhabitant of the town, parish or place he may be chosen to represent, shall be of the protestant religion, and shall
cease to represent such town, parish or place, imniediately on
his ceasing to be qualified as aforesaid.
The members of both houses of the legislature shall be compensated for their services out of the treasury of the state, by
a law made for that purpose ; such members attending seasonably, and not departing without license.
All intermediate vacancies in the house of representatives, may be filled up from
}^^
4
'
�GENERAL VIEW.
2^
time to time,
in the
same manner
as
annual
elections aver
made.
The house of representatives shall be the grand inquest of the
and all impeachments made by them, shall be heard and
state
;
tried
by the senate.
money
bills shall originate in the house of representabut the senate may propose, or concur with amendments,
as on other bills.
The house of representatives shall have power to adjourn
themselves, but no longer than two days at a time.
majority of the members of the house of representatives
shall be a quorum for doing business ; but when less than two
thirds of the representatives elected shall be present, the assent of
two thirds of those members shall be necessary to render
their acts and proceedings valid.
No member of the house of representatives or senate, shall
be arrested or held to bail on mean process, during his going to, returning from, or attendance upon the court.
The house of representatives shall choose their own speaker, appoint their own officers, and settle the rules of proceedings in their own house ; and shall be judge of the returns,
elections and qualifications of its members, as pointed out in
They shall have authority to punish by imthis constitution.
prisonment, every person who shall be guilty of disrespect to
the house in its presence, by any disorderly and contemptuous
behaviour, or by threatening or ill treating any of its members ;
or by obstructing its deliberations ; every person guilty of a
breach of its privileges, in making arrest for debt, or by assaulting any member during his attendance at any session ; in
assaulting or disturbing any one of its officers in the execution
of any order or procedure of the house ; in assaulting any witness or other person ordered to attend, by, and during his attendance upon the house j or in rescuing an)^ person arrested
by order of the house, knowing them to be such. The senate,
governor, and council, shall have the same powers in like cases :
provided, that no imprisonment by either, for any offence, exceed ten days.
The journals of the proceedings, and all public acts of both
houses of the legislature, shall be printed and published immediately after every adjournment or prorogation ; and upon motion made by any one member, the yeas and nays upon any
And any member of
question shall be entered on the journal
the senate or house of representatives, shall have a right, on
motion made at the time for that purpose, to have his protest or dissent, with the reasons, against any vote, resolve, or
bill passed, entered on the journal.
All
tives
;
A
—
:
�GENERAL VIEW
Senate.—The senate
27
shall consist of twelve
shall hold their office for one year
from the
members, who
first
Wednesday
of June next ensuing their election.
And that the state may be equally represented in the senate,
the legislature shall, from time to time, divide the state into
twelve districts, as nearly equal as may be without dividingtowns and unincorporated places
and in making this division,
they shall govern themselves by the proportion of direct taxes
paid by the said districts, and timely make known to the inhabitants of the state the limits of each district.
The freeholders and other inhabitants of each district, qualified as in this constitution is provided, shall annually give in
their votes for a senator, at some meeting holden in the month
of March.
The senate shall be the first branch of the legislature;
and the senators shall be chosen in the following manner,
viz. every male inhabitant of each town, and parish with town
privileges, and places unincorporated, in this state, of twenty-one years of age and upwards, excepting paupers, and persons excused from paying taxes at their own request, shall
have a right at the annual or other meetings of the inhabitants of said towns and parishes, to be duly warned and holden
annually forever in the month of March, to vote in the town or
parish wherein he dwells, for the senator in the district whereof
he is a member.
Provided nevertheless^ That no person shall be capable of being elected a senator, who is not of the protestant relig-ion^ !Lnd
seized of a freehold estate in his own right, of the value of two
hundred pounds, lying within this state, who is not of the age of
thirty years, and who shall not have been an inhabitant of
this state for seven years immediately preceding his election,
and at the time thereof he shall be an inhabitant of the district
for which he shall be chosen.
And every person, qualified as the constitution provides, shall
be considered an inhabitant for the purpose of electing and
being elected into any office or place within this state, in the
town, parish and plantation, where he dwelleth and hath his
;
'
home.
And the inhabitants of plantations and places unincorporated, qualified as this constitution provides, who are or shall
be required to assess taxes upon themselves towards the sup»^
port of govertiment, or shall be taxed therefor, shall have the
same privilege of voting for senators, in the plantations and
places wherein they reside, as the inhabitants of the respective towns and parishes aforesaid have.
And the meetings of
such plantations and places for that purpose
shall be
holden
�GENERAL VIEW.
28
annually in the month of March, at such places respeciivdy
therein as the assessors thereof shall direct ; which assessors
shall have like authority for notifying the electors, collecting
and returning the votes, as the selectmen and town clerks have
in their several towns by this constitution.
The meetings for the choice of governor, council, and senators,
shall be warned by warrant from the selectmen, and governed
bv a moderator, who shall in the presence of the selectmen
(whose duty it shall be to attend) in open meeting, receive the
votes of all the inhabitants of such towns and parishes present,
and qualified to vote for senators and shall, in said meetings,
in presence of the said selectmen, and of the town clerk in said
meetings, sort and count the said votes, and make a public declaration thereof, with the name of every person voted for, and
and the town clerk shall
the number of votes for each person
a fair record of the same at large, in the town book, and
make
shall make out a fair attested copy thereof, to be by him sealed
up and directed to the secretary of the state, with a super;
;
scription expressing the purport thereof : And the said town
clerk shall cause such attested copy to be delivered to the sheriff
(if the county in which such town or parish shall lie, thirty days
at least before the first Wednesday of June, or to the secretary
of the state at least twenty days before the said first Wednesday of June : and the sheriff of each county, or his deputy, shall
deliver
all
such certificates, by him received, into the secre-
tary's office, at least twenty days before the first
Wednesday
of June.
may be a due meeting of senators on the
of June annually, the governor, and a majority of the council for the time being, shall as soon as may be,
examine the returned copies of such records, and fourteen days
before the first Wednesday of June, he shall issue his summons
to such persons as appear to be chosen senators, by a majority of votes, to attend and take their seats on that day.
Provided nevertheless^ That for the first year the said returned copies shall be examined by the president, and a majority of
the council then in office ; and the said president shall in like
manner notify the persons elected, to attend and take their seats
And
first
that there
Wednesday
accordingly.
And in case there shall not appear to be a senator elected by
a majority of votes, for any district, the deficiency shall be supplied in the following manner, viz. the members of the house of
representatives, and such senators as shall be declared elected,
shall take the names of the two persons having the highest
number of votes in the district, and out of them shall elect, by
joint ballot, the senator wanted for such district ; and in this
�29
GENERAL VIEW.
all such vacancies shall be filled up in every district of
the state, and in like manner all vacancies in the senate, arising
by death, removal out of the state, or otherwise, shall be supplied as soon as may be after such vacancies happen.
The senate shall be final judges of the elections, returns
and qualifications of their own members, as pointed out in this
manner
constitution.
The senate shall have power to adjourn themselves, provided
such adjournment do not exceed two days at a time.
Provided nevertheless^ That whenever they shall sit on the
trial of any impeachment, they may adjourn to such time and
place as they may think proper, although the legislature be not
assembled on such day, or
at
such place.
senate shall appoint their president and other officers,
and determine their own rules of proceedings : and not less
than seven members of the senate shall make a quorum for doing
business and when less than eight senators shall be present,
The
:
the assent of five at least, shall be necessary to render their acts
and proceedings
valid.
senate shall be a court, with full power and authority to
hear, try and determine, all impeachments made by the house
of representatives against any officer or officers of the state, for
bribery, corruption, mal-practice or mal-administration, in office,with full power to issue summons, or compulsory process, for
convening witnesses before them : but previous to the trial of
any such impeachment, the members of the senate shall respectively be sworn truly and impartially to try and determine the
The
And every officer,
according to evidence.
for bribery, corruption, mal-practice or mal-administration in office, shall be served with an attested copy of the impeachment, and order of senate thereon, with such citation as
charge
in question,
impeached
may
direct, setting forth the time and plac? of their
impeachment which service shall be made by
the sheriff, or such other sworn officer as the senate may appoint, at least fourteen days previous to the time of trial; and
such citation being duly served and returned, the senate may
proceed in the hearing of the impeachment, giving the person
impeached (if he shall appear) full liberty of producing witnesses
and proofs, and of making his defence, by himself and counsel,
and may also, upon his refusing or neglecting to appear, hear
the prj^ofs in support of the impeachment, and render judgment
thereon, his non-appearance notwithstanding and such judgment
shall have the same force and effect as if the person impeached
had appeared and pleaded in the trial. Their judgment however, shall not extend further than removal from office, disqualification to hold or enjoy any place of honour, trust, or
the senate
sitting to try the
;
;
�GENERAL VIEW.
aO
profit,
under
this state
;
but the party so convicted, shall never-
theless be liable to indictment, trial, judgment and punishment,
according to the laws of the land.
Whenever the governor shall be impeached, the chief justice of
the supreme judicial court shall, during the
senate, but have no vote therein.
—
trial,
preside in the
—
Executive poweu. Governor. There shall be a supreme
executive magistrate, who shall be stiled the Governor of the
State of New-Hampshire, and whose title shall be His ExC€lle7icy,
The governor shall be chosen annually in the month of March;
and the votes for governor shall be received, sorted, counted,
certified, and returned, in the same manner as the votes for senaand the secretary shall lay the same before the senate and
tors
house of representatives on the first Wednesday of June, to be by
them examined, and in case of an election by a majority ot votes
through the state, the choice shall be by thexn declared and pub;
lished.
And
the qualifications of electors of the governor shall be the
for senators ; and if no person shall have a majority of votes, the senate and house of representatives shall by
joint ballot elect one of the two persons having the highest numbei" of votes, who shall be declared governor.
And no persons shall be eligible to this office, unless at the
same as those
his election, he shall have been an inhabitant of this state
for seven years next preceding, and unless he shall be of the
age of thirty years, and unless he shall at the same time have an
estate of the value of five hundred pounds, one half of which shall
time of
consist of a freehold in his own right within this state, and unkss he shall be of the protestant religion.
In cases of disagreement between the two houses with regard
to the time or place of adjournment or prorogation, the governor,
with advice of council, shall have a right to adjourn or prorogue
the general court, not exceeding ninety days at any one time,
as he may determine the public good may require, and he shall
dissolve the same seven days before the said first Wednesday of
June.
And in case of any infectious distemper prevailing in the place
where the said court at any time is to convene, or any other
cause, whereby dangers may arise to the health or l^ves of
the members from their attendance, the governor may direct the
session to be holden at some other the most convenient place
within the state.
Every bill which shall have passed both houses of the general xourt, shall, before it become a law, be presented to
�GENERAL VIEW.
31
the governor ; if he approve, he shall sign it, but if not, he
shall return it with his objections, to that house in which it
shall have originated, who shall enter the objections at large
on their journal and proceed to reconsider it j if after such
reconsideration, two thirds of that house shall agree to pass
the bill, it shall be sent, together with such objections, to
the other house, by which it shall likewise be reconsidered, and
if approved by two thirds of that house, it shall become a
law.
But in all such cases the votes of both houses shall
be determined by yeas and nays, and the names of the persons, voting for or against the bill, shall be entered on the
If any bill shall not be
journal of each house respectively.
returned by the governor, within five days (Sundays excepted) after it shall have been presented to him, the same shall be a
law in like manner as if he had signed it, unless the legislature, bj'
their adjournment, prevent its return, in which case it shall not
be a law.
Every resolve shall be presented to the governor, and besame shall take effect, shall be approved by him, or
being disapproved by him, shall be repassed by the senate
and house of representatives, according to the rules and limfore the
itations prescribed in the case of
All judicial
a
bill.
attorney general, solicitors, all sheriffs, coroners, registers of probate, and all officers of the navy, and general and field officers of the militia, shall be nominated and appointed by the governor and council ; and every
such nomination shall be made at least three days prior to
such appointment ; and no appointment shall take place, unThe governor
less a majority of the counsel agree thereto.
and council shall have a negative on each other, both in the
nominations and appointments. Every nomination and appointment shall be signed by the governor and council, and
every negative shall be also signed by the governor or council who made the same.
The captains and subalterns in the respective regiments,
shall be nominated and recommended by the field officers to the
governor, who is to issue their commissions immediately on
receipt of such recommendation.
Whenever the chair of the governor shall become vacant, by
reason of his death, absence from the state, or otherwise, the
president of the senate shall, during such vacancy, have and
exercise all the powers and authorities which, by this constitution the governor is vested with, when personally present ; but
when the president of the senate shall exercise the office of
governor, he shall not hold his office in the senate.
officers, the
.
�GENERAL VIEW.
32
The governor, with advice of council, shall have full power
and authority in the recess of the general court, to prorogue
the same from time to time, not exceeding ninety days in any
one recess of said court and during the sessions of said court,
to adjourn or prorogue it to any time the two houses may desire, and to call it together sooner than the time to which it may
;
be adjourned or prorogued, if the welfare of the state should
require the same.
The governor of this stats for tlie time being, shall be commander in chief of the army and navy, and all the military
and shall have full powforces of the state, by sea and land
er by himself, or by any chief commander, or other officer
or officers, from time to time, to train, instruct, exercise and
govern the militia and navy and for the special defence and
safety of this state, to assemble in martial array, and put in warlike posture the inhabitants thereof, and to lead and conduct
them, and with them to encounter, repulse, repel, resist and
pursue by force of arms, as well by sea as by land, within and
without the limits of this state and also to kill, slay, destroy, if
necessary, and conquer by all fitting ways, enterprize and means,
all and every such person and persons as shall at any time hereafter, in a hostile manner, attempt or enterprize the destruction,
and to use and
invasion, detriment or annoyance of this state
exercise over the army and navy, and over the militia in actual
service, the law martial in time of war, invasion, and also in rebellion, declared by the legislature to exist as occasion shall necand surprize by all ways and means whatessarily require
soever, all and every such person or persons, with their ships,
arms, ammunition, and other goods, as shall in a hostile manner invade, or attempt the invading, conquering or annoying,
this state ; and in fine, the governor hereby is entrusted with
all other powers incident to the office of captain general and
commander in chief and admiral, to be exercised agreeably to
the rules and regulations of the constitution and the laws of
the land : provided, that the governor shall not at any time
hereafter, by virtue of any power by this constitution granted
or hereafter to be granted to him by the legislature, transport
any of the inhabitants of this state, or oblige them to march
out of the limits of the same, without their free and voluntary
consent, or the consent of the general court, nor grant commissions for exercising the law martial in any case, without the
advice and consent of the council.
The power of pardoning offences, except such as persons
may be convicted of before the senate by impeachment of the
hottse, shall be in the governor, by and with the advice of the
council ; but no charter of pardon granted by the governor with
;
;
;
;
:
�GENERAL
VIE\V.
33
advice of council, before convictioH, shall avail the party plead*
ing the same, notwithstanding any general or particular expressions contained therein, descriptive of the offence or offences intended to be pardoned.
No officer duly commissioned to command in the militia
shall be removed from his office, but by the address of both
houses to the governor, or by fair trial in court-martial, pursuant to the laws of the state for the time being.
The commanding officers of the regiments shall appoint
their adjutants and quarter-masters ; the brigadiers, their brigade-majors ; the major-generals, their aids ; the captains and
subalterns, their
non-commissioned
officers.
The
division of the militia into brigades, regiments and companies, made in purswance of the militia laws now in force,
shall be considered as the proper division of the militia of
by some future law.
issued out of the treasury of this state
and disposed of (except such sums as may be appropriated for
the redemption of bills of. credit, or treasurer's notes, or for the
payment of interest arising thereon) hut by warrant under the
hand of the governor for the time being, by and with the advice and consent of the council, for the necessary support and
defence of this state, and for the necessary protection and preservation of the inhabitants thereof, agreeably to the acts and
resolves of the general court.
All public boards, the commissary-general, all superintending officers of public magazines and stores belonging to this
state, and all commanding officers of forts and garrisons within
the same, shall once in every three months, officially and
without requisition, and at other times when required by the governor, deliver to him an account of all goods, stores, provisions,
this state, until the sam** shall be altered
No
monies
shall be
ammunition, cannon, with their appendages, and all small arms
with their accoutrements, and of all other public property under their care respectively ; distinguishing the quantity and kind
of each, as particularly as may be ; together with the condition
of such forts and garrisons
and the commanding officer shall
exhibit to the governor when required by him, true and exact
plans of such forts, and of the land and sea, or harbour or harbours adjacent.
The governor and council shall be compensated for their services, from time to time, by such grants as the general court
:
shall think reasonable.
Permanent and honourable salaries shall be established
for the justices of the superior court.
by Iaw»
�GENERAL VfEW.
a4
—There
shall be annually elected by ballot five counadvising the governor in the executive part of government. The freeholders and other inhabitants in each county,
qualified to vote for senators, shall some time in the month
of March, give in their votes for one counsellor ; which votes
shall be received, sorted, counted, certified and returned to the
secretary's office, in the same manner as the votes for senators, to
be by the secretary laid before the senate and house of representatives on the first Wednesday of June.
And the person having a majority of votes in any county, shall
be considered as duly elected a counsellor but if no person shall
have a majority of votes in any county, the senate and house
of representatives shall take the names of the two persons
who have the highest number of votes in each county, and
not elected, and out of those two, shall elect by joint ballot,
Council.
sellors, for
:
the counsvrllor wanted for such county and the qualifications
for counsellors shall be the same as for senators.
If any person thus chosen a counsellor, shall be elected
governor or member of either branch of the legislature, and shall
accept the trust ; or if any person elected a counsellor, shall refuse to accept the office ; or in case of the death, resignation, or
removal of any counsellor out of the state ; the governor mayissue a precept for the election of anew counsellor in that county
where such vacancy shall happen ; and the choice shall be in the
same manner as before directed : and the governor shall have full
power and authority to convene the council, from time to time,
at his discretion ; and with them or the majority of them, may
and shall from time to time hold a council for ordering
and directing the affiiirs of the state according to the laws of
:
the land.
of the council may be impeached by the house
by the senate, for bribery, corruption, mal-practice, or
The members
and
tried
mal-administration.
The resolutions and advice of the council shall be .recorded by
the secretary in a register, and signed by all the members present agreeing thereto ; and this record may be called for at any
time by either house of the legislature ; and any member of the
council may enter his opinion contrary to the resolutions of the
majority, with the reasons for such opinion.
The legislature may, if the public good shall hereafter require
it,
divide the state into five districts, as nearly equal as
governing themselves by the
portion of public taxes ; each
in case of such division, the
formable to the present mode
number of rateable
district to elect
may
be,
and proa counsellor
and
polls,
manner of the choice
:
shall
of election in counties.
be con-
�GENERAL VIEW.
35
And
whereas the elections appointed to be made by this conon the first Wednesday of June annually by the two
houses of the legislature, may not be completed on that day, the
said elections may be adjourned from day to day, until the same
be completed ; and the order of the elections shall be as follows
the
the vacancies in the senate (if any) shall be first filled up
governor shall then be elected, provided there shall be no choice
of him by the people
and afterwards the two houses shall proceed to fill up the vacancy (if any) in the council.
stitution
:
:
:
—
Secretary^ Treasurer^ Commissary-General^ SsPc- The secreand commissary-general, shall be chosen by
joint ballot of the senators and representatives assembled in one
tary, treasurer,
room.
The
records of the state shall be kept in the office of the sethe governor and council, the sen; and he shall attend
ate and representatives, in person or by deputy,, as they may recretary
quire.
The secretary of the state shall at all times have a deputy, to
be by him appointed ; for whose conduct in office he shall be responsible : and in case of the death, removal, or inability,
of the secretary ; his deputy shall exercise all the duties of
the office of secretary of this state, until another shall be appointed.
The secretary before he enters upon the business of his
office, shall give bond with sufficient sureties, in a reasonable
sum, for the use of the state, for the punctual performance of his
trust.
—
County Treasurer^ ^c. The county treasurers and registers
of deeds, shall be elected by the inhabitants of the several towns,
in the several counties in the state, according to the method now
practised, and the laws of the state.
Provided nevertheless^ The legislature shall have authority
to alter the manner of certifying the votes and the mode of
but not so as to deprive the people of
electing those officers
the right they now have of electing them.
And the legislature, on the application of the major part of
the inhabitants of any county, shall have authority to divide
;
the
same
into
two
districts for registering deeds, if to
shall appear necessary
;
each district
them
it
f elect a register of deeds
:
and before they enter upon the business of their offices, shall be
respectively sworn faithfully to discharge the duties thereof, and
shall severally give bond, with sufficient sureties, in a reasonable
sum, for the use of the county, for the punctual performance of
their respective trusts.
�GENERAL VIEW.
{J6
yudiciary Power. -^Tht tenure that all commissioned officers
have by law in their offices, shall be expressed in their reall judicial officers duly appointed, comspective commissions
missioned and sworn, shall hold their offices during good behaviour, excepting those concerning whom there is a different proProvided nevertheless^ the
vision made in this constitution
governor, with consent of counsel, may remove them upon the
address of both houses of the legislature.
Each branch of the legislature, as well as the governor and
council, shall have authority to require the opinions of the justices of the superior court, upon important questions of law and
upon solemn occasions.
In order that the people may not suffer from the long continuance in place of any justice of the peace, who shall fail in discharging the important duties of his office with ability and fidelity, all commissions of justices of the peace shall become void at
the ejcpiration of five years from their respective dates, and upon the expiration of any commission the same may if necessary
be renewed, or another person appointed, as shall most conduce
to the well being of the state.
All causes of marriage, divorce and alimony, and all appeals
from the respective judges of probate, shall be heard and tried by
the superior court until the legislature shall by law make other
shall
—
:
provisiono
The general court are empowered to give to justices of the
peace, jurisdiction in civil causes, when the damages demanded
^hallnot exceed four pounds^ and title of real estate is not concerned ; but with right of appeal to either party, to some other
court, so that a trial by jury in the last resort may be had.
No person shall hold the office of judge of any court, or
judge of probate, or sheriff of any county, after he has attained
the age of seventy years.
No judge of any court or justice of the peace^ shall act as
attorney, or be of counsel to any party, or originate any civil
suit, in matters which shall come, or be brought before him as
judge, or justice of the peace.
All matters relating to the probate of wills and granting letters of administration, shall be exercised by the judges of probate, in such manner as the legislature have directed, or may
hereafter direct : and the judges of probate shall hold their
courts at such place or places, on such fixed days, as the conveniency of the people may require, and the legislature from
time Lo time appoint.
No judge, or register of probate, shall be of counsel, act as
advocate, or receive any fees as advocate or counsel, in aay
�GENERAL VIEW.
37
probate business which is pending, or may be brought into any
court of probate in the county of which he is judge or register.
—
The judges of the courts (those of probate
Clerks of Court.
excepted) shall appoint their respective clerks, to hold their office during pleasure : and no such clerk shall act as an attorney, or be of counsel in any cause in the court of which he is
clerk, nor shall he draw any writ originating a civil action.
—
Encouragement of Literature^ ^c. Knowledge and learning,
generally diffused through a community, being essentiabto the
preservation of a free government ; and spreading the opportunities and advantages of education through the various parts
of the country, being highly conducive to promote this end
it shall be the duty of the legislators and magistrates, in all future periods of this government, to cherish the interest of literature and the sciences, and all seminaries and public schools ;
to encourage private and public institutions, rewards and immunities for the promotion of agriculture, arts, sciences, commerce, trades, manufactures, and natural history of the country ; to countenance and inculcate the principles of humanity
and general benevolence, public and private charity, industry
and economy, honesty and punctuality, sincerity, sobriety, and
generous sentiments among the
social affections, and
all
people.
Oath and Subscriptions Exclusion from Offices ; Commissions ;
Writs ; Confirmation of Laws ; Habeas Corpus ; The Enacting Stile ; Continuance of Officers / Provision for a Future
Revision of the Constitution^ ^c.
Any person chosen governor, counsellor, senator, or representative, military or civil officer, (town officers excepted) accepting
the trust, shall, before he proceeds to execute the duties of his
;
make and subscribe the following declaration, viz.
A. B. do solemnly swear, that I will bear faith and true
allegiance to the State of New-Hampshire, and will support the
constitution thereof.
So help me God.
I, A. B. do solemnly and sincerely swear and affirm, that I
office,
I,
and impartially discharge and perform all the duincumbent on me as
according to the best of
my abilities, agreeably to the rules and regulations of this conSo
stitution, and the laws of the State of New-Hampshire.
will faithfully
ties
help
me God.
Any
person having taken and subscribed the oath of allegiance, aiid the same being filed in the secretary's office, he shall
not be obliged to take said oath again.
�GENERAL VIEW
(Jb
Provided always^
When
any person chosen or appointed as
aforesaid, shall be of the denomination called quakers, or shall
be scrupulous of swearing, and shall decline taking the said
oaths, such person shall take and subscribe them, omitting the
sxvear^ and likewise the words so help me Godj subjoining
instead thereof, this I do under the pains andpenalties ofperjury*
And the oaths or affirmations shall be taken and subscribed
by the governor, before the president of the senate, in presence
of both hcusLs of the legislature, and by the senators and representatives first elected under this constitution, as altered and
amended, before the president of the state, and a majority of the
council then in office, and forever afterwards, before the governor and council for the time being ; and by all other officers,
before such persons and in such manner as the legislature shall
word
from time to time appoint.
All commissions shall be inthenameof theStateofNew-Hampshire, signed by the governor and attested by the secretary, or his
deputy, and shall have the great seal of the state affixed thereto.
All writs issuing out of the clerk's office in any of the courts
of law, shall be in the name of the State of New-Hampshire ;
shall be under the seal of the court whence they issue, and
bear test of the chief, first, or senior justice of the court ; but
when such justice shall be interested, then the writ shall bear
test of some other justice of the court to which the same shall be
returnable ; Tmd be signed by the clerk of such court.
All indictments, presentments, and informations shall conclude, agaiiist the peace and dignity of the state.
The estates of such persons as may destroy their own lives,
shall not for that offence be forfeited, but descend or ascend in
the same manner as if such persons had died in a natural way ;
nor shall any article which shall accidentally occasion the death
of any person, be henceforth deemed a deodand, or in any wise
forfeited on account of such misfortune.
All the laws which have heretofore been adopted, used and
approved, in the province, colony, or State of New-Hampshire,
and usually practised on in the courts of law, shall remain and
be in full force until altered and repealed by the legislature ;
such parts thereof only excepted, as are repugnant to the
rights and liberties contained in this constitution : provided that
nothing herein contained, when compared with the 23d article
in the bill of rights, shall be construed to affect the laws already made respecting the persons, or estates, of absentees.
The privilege and benefit of the habeas corpus, shall be enjoyed in this state, in the most free, easy, cheap, expeditious, and
ample manner, and shall not be suspended by the legislature, except upon the most urgent and pressing occasions, and for a time
not exceeding three months.
�GENERAL VIEW.
39
'
The enacting stile in making and passing acts, statutes, and
Be it enacted by the senate and house of repre*
laws, shall be
sentatives^ in general court convened.
No governor, or judge of the supreme judicial court shall hold
any office or place under the authority of this state, except such
as by this constitution they are admitted to hold, saving that
the judges of the said court may hold the office of justice of
the peace throughout the state ; nor shall they hold any place or
office, or receive any pension or salary, from any other state,
government, or power whatever.
No
person shall be capable of exercising at the same time,
the following offices within "this state, vz.
judge of probate, sheriff, register of deeds ; and never more
than two offices of profit, which may be held by appointment of the governor, or governor and council, or senate
and house of representatives, or superior or inferior courts ;
military offices and offices of justices of the peace excepted.
No person holding the office of judge of any court (except
special judges,) secretary, treasurer of the state, attorney-general, commissary-general, military officers receiving pay from
the continent or this state (excepting officers of the militia, occasionally called forth on an emergency) register of deeds,
sheriff, or officers of the customs, including naval officers, collectors of excise and state and continental taxes, hereafter appointed and not having settled their accounts with the respective officers with whom it is their duty to settle such accounts,
members of congress, or any person holding any office under
the United States, shall at the same time hold the office of governor, or have a seat in the senate, or house of representatives,
or council ; but his being chosen and appointed to, and accepting the same, shall operate as a resignation of their seat in the
chair, senate, or house of representatives, or council
and the
place so vacated shall be filled up.
No member of the council
shall have a seat in the senate or house of representatives.
No person shall ever be admitted to hold a seat in the legislature, or any office of trust or importance, under this government, who in the due course of law has been convicted of bribery or corruption in obtaining an election or appointment.
In all cases where sums of money are mentioned in this constitution, thd value thereof shall be computed in silver at six
shillings and eight pence per ounce.
To the end that there may be no failure of justice, or danger
to the state by the alterations and amendments made in the constitution, the general court is hereby fiilly authorized and directed tQ fix the time when the alterations and amendments shall
take effect, and make the necessary arrangements accordingly.*
more than one of
;
*
See act oC 14th Dec. 1792
�GENERAL VIEW.
40
It shall be the duty of the selectmen and assessors^ of the
several towns and places in this state, in warning the first annual meetings for the choice of senators, after the expiration of
seven years from the adoption of this constitution as amended,
to insert expressly in the warrant, this purpose among the others for the meeting, to wit, to take the sense of the qualified
voters on the subject of a revision of the constitution ; and the
meeting being warned accordingly (and not otherwise) the moderator shall take the sense of the qualified voters present, as to
the necessity of a revision j and a return of the number of votes
for and against such necessity, shall be made by the clerk, sealed up and directed to the general court, at their then next session ; and if it shall appear to the general court by such return,
that the sense of the people of the str.te has been taken, and that
in the opinion of the majority of the qualified voters in the state,
present and voting at said meetings, there is a necessity for a
revision of the constitution, it shall be the duty of the general
court to call a convention for that purpose, otherwise the general court shall direct the sense of the people to be taken, and
The delegates
then proceed in the manner before mentioned.
to be chosen in the same manner, and proportioned as the reprovided that no alterations
presentatives to the general court
shall be made in this constitution, before the same shall be laid
:
before the towns and unincorporated places, and approved by
thirds of the qualified voters present and voting on the
two
subject.
And
the
same method of taking the sense of the people, as
and calling a convention for
to a revision of the constitution,
that purpose, shall be observed afterwards, at the expiration of
every seven years.
This form of government shall be enrolled on parchment, and
deposited in the secretary's office, and be a part of the laws of
the land : and printed copies thereof shall be prefixed to the
books containing the laws of this state, in all future editions
thereof.
—
The judicial department in NewJudicial Department.
as at present organized, consists in the first place of a
superior court of judicature, composed of a chief justice and two
associate justices. This courthas cognizance of high crimes and
misdemeanors, receives appeals from the inferior courts and the
courts of probate, and determines all questions of marriage, divorce, and alimony.
It holds two sessions annually in each
county.
There are also in this state two district courts of commoa
pleas.
For this purpose the state is divided into two districts^
Hampshire
�GENERAL VIEW.
41
of the counties of Rockingham, Strafford, and
Hillsborough, and the other of the counties of Grafton, ChesIn each of these districts there is a court of
hire, and Coos.
common pleas, composed of one chief justice who is assisted byThis court holds its
two associate justices in each county.
sessions semi-annually in each county.
There is also in each county a court of probate of wills, &c.
consisting of one judge assisted by a register.
It sits eveiy
month in diiFerent parts of each county. This court has cognizance of all matters pertaining to the descent and settlement
It exercises care over widows,
of estates testate and intestate.
orphans, idiots, and insane persons, and has the management of
one composed
confiscated estates.
For a more particular view of the laws of this state the reader is referred to the last edition of them.
Militartf Strength.
—The
militia of
New- Hampshire
is
com-
posed of every able bodied, white male citiz*. n resident there*
in, between the ages of 18 and 45 years, except those exempted
by law, among whom are persons exempted on the ground of
religious scruples relating to war.
According to the annual return of the adjutant-general in
1814, the enrolled infantry amounted to 22,654 the artillery
the cavalry to 2,1/9, total 26,309.
There were also
to 1,476
34vpieces of brass ordnance.
The militia of New-Hampshire by
a law passed December 22, 1808, is divided into three divisions, six brigades, thirty-seven regiments, and seventy-four
Each division is commanded by a major-general,
battalions.
who is allowed two aids with the rank of major.
Each brigade has one brigadier-general and a brigade-inspector, who also
performs the duty of a brigade-major. Each regiment has one
colonel-commandant, one lieutenant-colonel, and one major.
All these officers must reside within th^ limits of their respec-
—
—
tive
commands.
Fortifications*
— (See Portsmouth and Newcastle.)
—
Religion*
The constitution of New-Hampshire secures to
the people of this state the freedom of religious opinion and
worship. The laws provide equally for the protection of every
class of christians, and the constitution expressly declares, " that
no subordination of one sect or denomination to another shall
ever be established by law." The people of this state claim and
exercise the right of selecting and supporting their own religious instructors, nor can any person be compelled to contribute
towards the support of any religious denomination to which he
6
�GENERAL VIEW.
42
For every rational purpose therefore, liberty
does not belong.
of conscience exists, in this state in the fullest sense of the
word.
The principal religious denominations in this state are seven
in
number,
viz. congregationalists, presbyterians, episcopalians,
baptists, methodists, qu;ikcrs,
and universalists.
There
is
also
a small societv of sandimanians in Portsmouth, and one of
The
shakers in each of the towns of Canterbury and Enfield.
most numerous of these sects is the baptist denomination.
The christian religion under some form is almost universally
Those few sceptics who preprofessed throughout the state.
tend to deny this religion have not as yet agreed upon any substitute for
it.
in New-Hampshire 261 houses appropriated to
religious worship, which are in general frequented every sabbath, and there are nearly the same number of school houses
and other buildings which are used in the sam^ manner.
There are
From
State
the best information
we can
222 ordained ministers, of
procure, there are iji this
100 are congregational-
whom
method^
and 107 baptists.
It is a remarkable fact that some of the above sects differ
Many of them disagree with each other much
only in name.
less than do individuals of the same society in their private
ists,
3 presbyterians, 3 episcopalians, 3 universalists, 6
ists,
opinions.
Manners
^ Customs. — It
is
a
much
easier task to describe the
manners of past times than of the present notwithstanding
however the variety in this respect which must prevail in a
whole state, there must exist some general and prominent traits
which all will recognize.
;
The
people of New-Hampshire, like the first civilized setall new countries, are in general robust, brave, and acThe advantages of early education were not formerly
tive.
of such easy access nor so generally enjoyed as the true interests of the state demanded, yet there w^ere at all times individuals who surmounted the want of those advantages, and who,
by the energy of native genius and persevering industry qualified themselves to render the most important services to their
Since the revolution however, the means of
fellow citizens.
early instruction and mental improvement as well as the facilities of general information have abundantly increased and multiplied, and unquestionably these advantages will continue to
tlers
of
increase.
of
But of however recent origin may have been the literature
New-Hampshire, the character of this state has always pos-
�GENERAL
VIKVV.
43
sessed those valuable qualities which have rendered it an imIts inhabitants can
portant branch of the American union.
number among their native characteristics, fortitude and patience in adversity, intrepidity in danger, and alertness in acMany of the first settlers of this state were often reduced
tion.
Their style of living was as simple as possible.
to poverty.
Their houses were constructed of logs and poles, united at their
ends by incisions where they meet.
The crevices between
these logs were plastered and filled up with stiff clay, the consistency of which was increased by a mixture of earth or straw.
The roof was either of bark, or thin portions of logs. The
fire place was merely a pile of stones, within which the fire was
kindled on the ground, while the smoke was allowed to escape
During the winter, it
as it could through a hole in the roof.
was the practice to keep a fire by night as well as day. Ovens
were situated at a distance from the houses and were constructed of stones, cemented and plastered over with clay.
Throughout the new settlements, there were to be seen many of these
rude attempts in the art of house building, which served for the
accommodation of whole families, until their industry could prepare better materials and a better situation for their dwellings.
By these modes of living our forefathers became inured to
hardships, and by subjecting themselves to abstinence and labour
their children acquired the means of raising up large families,
and rendering themselves independent freeholders.
They feel
therefore, all that dignity and pride which spring from the consciousness that their estates are the fruit of their industry.
From the traditions they have received of the fortitude, sufferings and struggles of their ancestors, they have caught the inspiration of courage and the glow of patriotic emulation.
New-H impshire possesses therefore in its local character, the
sources of manly and heroic virtue, and of all that persevering
intrepidity which can at once encounter with patience the hardships of a desert and face an enemy without dismay.
Their
martial spirit needs only opportunities for its exercise.
The
militia of this state, under the advantages of regular discipline,
and commanded by officers of trust and ability, is fully adequate
to all the purposes of local defence.
The female sex in New-Hampshire have the general characteristics which distinguish New-England women ; freshness,
delicacy, and softness of countenance, creating not unfrequently the perfection of female beauty.
Among that portion of
them who have enjoyed the benefits of early education, the traveller may find all the fascinations of manners, the charms of
conversation, and the attractions of accomplishment.
The females of this st^Xt are in general trained from their youth to
�GENERAL VIEW.
44
the duties of domestic economy, from which the distinctions
The employof fortune are seldom considered an exemption.
ments of the needle and other domestic avocations are here
regarded as honourable, and indolence brings equal reproach
upon both sexes. In the farming towns, the women manufacTheir fabrics of linen and
ture the clothing of their families.
No part of
woollen are of the firmest and neatest quality.
the world can produce superior butter and cheese to that made
on the banks. of the Connecticut.
Gambling is i vice unknown in New- Hampshire, except
among that worthless few who are either unable, or unwilling
The gamester, the
to follow the pursuits of honest industry.
jockey, and the knave are the objects of detestation and neglect among all whose object it is to sustain an honourable
all
character.
—
The only college in this state is in
Literature &J* Science.
It was called Dartthe town of Hanover (See Hanover.)
mouth college from the Right Hon. William, Earl of Dartmouth, who was one of its earliest and principal benefactors.
There is an instiIts charter was obtained in the year 1769.
tution annexed to the college, called Moore's school, containing
between 50 and 60 scholars.
The number of academies and incorporated schools in this
One of the academies is in Exeter, and is
state is about 20.
It was founded in 1781 ;
called Phillips Exeter Academy.
its condition is very flourishing, and its reputation and usefulness very extensive. There are also smaller academies at GilFor
manton, Ncw-Ipswich, Chesterfield, Atkinson, &c. &c.
accounts of those institutions, the reader is referred to the descriptioiiS of the towns where they are situated.
—
Banks. There are four banks at Portsmouth, viz. the NewHimpshiie Bank, incorporated 1792, N. H. Union Bank, incorporated 1802, Portsmouth Bank, incorporated 1803, and the
There are also banks
Rockingham Bank, incorporated 1813.
Dovt-r, Exeter, Haverhill, and Keene, all incorporated
1803, and at Amherst and Concord, incorporated in
1806.
at
in
—
Of these institutions, there are in NewInsurance Companies.
H'^mpshire four, all of them at Portsmouth. They have power to effect insurance upon vessels and their cargoes, as well as
They insure also against fire upon
other goods !nd chattels.
buildings and merchandize, against captivity, and against loss of
life.
�GENERAL VIVM.
Progressive Population.
—The
'
45
earliest census or authenticat-
ed estimate of the population of this state, which we have been
able to find was made in 1680, when this territory was under the
The province, as it was then called, then
British government.
contained only four towns, viz. Portsmouth, Dover, Exeter,
and Hampton. The number of qualified voters at that time,
were in Portsmouth 71, in Dover 61, in Hampton 57^ and in
Exeter 20, making a total of 209. No regular estimate of the
whole population was made before the year 1749, at which
time, the province was under the immediate government of
Gov. Wentworth.
"
The
progressive population of the state since that time is as
; in
1749, it amounted to 30,000 ; in 1767, it was 52,000 ;
in 1775, it was 82,000; in 1790, it was 141,000; in 1800, it
was 183,000; and in 1810, it was 214,460, of whom 37,200
follows
were legal voters.
The advance of population therefore in ten years was
This must have been the natural increase, because
30,602.
New-Hampshire does not gain so much by emigration from
her sister states as she loses by emigration to Vermont, NewYork, and the western country. Where land can be obtained at
so cheap a rate, and the means of subsistence are so easy as in
the new settled parts of our state, much encouragement is necessarily given to early marriage, and indeed an unmarried man,
of the age of thirty, is rarely to be found in our country towns.
Our young farmers, having cleared a small tract of land and
provided the means of present accommodation, soon experience
the truth of the old adage, that " it is not good for man to be
alone." Having the prospect of immediate support before their
eyes, they feel no dread of early connexions.
Indeed a fe-*
male soon becomes the indispensable partner of agricultural labour in our new settlements, where the land is brought to pasture and the business of a dairy has commenced, over which it
is the province of women to preside, and with whom it is at
once an object of interest and ambition.
Counties y
£s?c.
— (See various
articles in the
Gazetteer.)
Manufactories.—Th^ manufacturing interests of New-Hampshire have been recently in a state of rapid progression.
This
state contains more than thirty incorporated factories in the
many of them on an extensive
There are also several others which are not incorporated.
Most of them have been established within five or six
years past, and are, with few exceptions, now in operation.
These establishments will be particularly mentioned in the ac*
branches of cotton and woollen,
scale.
�46
GENERAL VIEW.
counts of the respective towns where they are situated, viz*
Exeter, Dover, Peterborough, Milford, Lebanon, New-Ipswich, &c. &c.
There is also the New-Hampshire Iron Factory Company, incorporated in 1805, the Haverhill and Franconian Iron Factory
Company, incorporated in 1808, the N. H. Mineral Company,
incorporated in 1811, the New-Bostou Wire and Iron Factory
Company, incorporated in 1812, the Bath Alum Company, incorporated in 1812, and the N.H. Glass Manufactory Company
at Keene, incorporated in 1814.
There are also several furnaces for casting iron, hollow
ware, &c. for rolling and slitting iron, casting brass cannon, and
Carding
at Exeter there is a good manufactory of small arms.
and spinning machines, all kinds of cabinet work and turnery,
wool and cotton cards, all kinds of articles in the cooper's line,
bricks, tiles, and potters wares, are manufactured in various
parts of the state, as also ardent spirits and essences of various
kinds, hats, shoes, boots, saddles, and harness, carriages of all
sorts ; tin, copper, and brass ware, clocks, bells, combs, millstones, ploughs, and all the implements of husbandry.
The earliest traffic that was known in this state was that of
the fur trade with the Indians.
I'he next trade was in fish,
and the next in lumber. In former years the banks of the Piscataqua were covered with excellent pine timber, which was
exported in various forms. The first settlers erected many sawmills on the branches of the rivers, and a brisk trade in this
branch was carried on for many years. When the lands adjacent to the rivers were stripped of their first growth, it was supThis however
posed that the lumber business would decline.
From an interior circuit of 40 or 50
*has not been the fact.
During a period
miles, timber is transported for exportation.
of several years after the revolution, the partial imposts and impolitic restrictions of our government excluded foreign vessels
from our ports, while a deficiency both of capital and enterprize, prevented the merchants of the Piscataqua from exploring
the many new sources of commerce, which were opened by
their national independence, and which their brethren in other
seaports were improving with avidity.
But the operations of
the Federal government have introduced a more equal system
of imposts and other regulations of trade by which the commercial interests of this as well as of other parts of the union have
been rapidly advanced.
The officers of the customs in NewHampshire are appointed by the national executive, and the
revenue arising from its commerce, goes into the national treasury.
The salutary effects of the attention of congress to the
navigation of New-Hampshire i* evident from the situation of
'
�GENERAL VfEW.
47
some other states in the union.
New-Hampsituated in the bosom of Massachusetts, with only a
narrow strip of sea coast and only one port belonging to her ;
her interior country is spread extensively along the borders of
adjacent States in such a manner, as to compel her to a commerthis as well as of
shire
is
with them. All her towns which lie on her
southern border, and most of those which lie on her western
border, find it more convenient to carry their produce to the markets either of Newburyport, Boston or Hartford than to Portsmouth. The towns situated on the Saco river and those on the
northern part of the Connecticut, will necessarily communicate
with the markets in the District of Maine. The lumber, which
is cut on the upper banks of the Merrimack, is rafted down that
river and exported from Newburyport or Boston, while most
of that which is cut on the Connecticut river is carried to HartThe largest and best part of New-Hampshire is thereford.
fore cut off by nature from all commercial intercourse with her
Lumber being a bulky article, is always transonly sea port.
ported to the nearest emporium, and when it is possible, by waAll other heavy articles, such as pot and pearl
ter carriage.
ashes, beef, pork, cheese, butter, flax, &c. which require waggons or sleighs, as also live cattle, sheep, and swine will always
be sent to the most advantageous market. These circumstances
sufficiently explain the fact, that the government of NewHampshire have never been able, either before or since the
revolution, to concentrate within this state its proper commercial
advantages, nor even to ascertain the value of its native produccial connection
tions.
,
impracticable tl»erefore to describe particularly the number or value of the articles of trade which are produced in
New-Hampshire and exported from the different ports of Massachusetts and Connecticut.
To confine the detail to the port
of Portsmouth would give a very imperfect and indistinct idea
of the productiveness of the state.
Such facts and estimates
however which have been obtained on this subject, will be developed under their proper heads.
The staple commodities of New-Hampshire, m^iy be said to
consist of the following articles, viz. lumber, provisions, horses,
neat cattle, fish, pot and pearl ashes, and flax-seed. The total
value of the exportation from Portsmouth from October, 178%
to October, 1790, was ^296,839,51 cents. In 1798, the total value
in that year was $723^4U In 1810, it was only g234,650. This
diminution was caused by the existing commercial restrictions.
Since 1810, the commerce of Portsmouth has revived very
slowly.
(See Portsmouth.)
It
is
�GENERAL VIEW
48
—
Free Masonry. The grand lodge of New-Hampshire was
There are a
incorporated December 30, 1805, for 20 years.
number of lodges in the state subordinate to this grand lodge,
viz. Washington, St. John's, Jerusalem, Franklin, Benevolent,
&c. &c. Trinity Chapter of Royal Masons at Hopkinton, and
St.
Andrew's Royal Arch Chapter
Societies.
at
Hanover.
—The number and character of the
societies in this
honour upon the taste, intelligence and humanity of
There are two mechanical societies, viz. Newits inhabitants.
Hampshire and Walpole, both incorporated in 1805, two misa
sionary societies, the New-Hampshire and Piscataqua
marine society, a bible society, two agricultural societies, and. a
The medimedical society, which was incorporated in 1791.
cal society is divided into districts, viz. the eastern, centre, and
The eastern and centre districts contain the fellows
western.
and associates elected from the counties of Rockingham, Strafthe western contains those elected from
ford, and Hillsborough
The annual meeting is held at
Cheshire, Grafton, and Coos.
Concord on the first Tuesday of June.
There are several incorporated musical societies inthisstate,
viz. Rockingham, Concord, Handellian, Londonderry, Plymouth,
Central, &c. the professed objects of all which are the circulation
of approved tuiies, the diffusion of a classical taste, and the enjoyment of all the pleasures arising from the social cultivation
There are library societies incorporated
of sacred harmony.
There is perhaps
in every considerable township of the state.
no mode of public improvement so practicable in a small comOf these establishments,
munifv ris thot of social libraries.
New-H.impshire contains at least two hundred, comprising in
There are althe whole nearly 10,000 well selected volumes.
state reflect
;
;
so in this state a large number of societies for the distribution
of religious tracts, several for the suppression of immorality,
and several to promote the observance of the sabbath.
Education receives as much encouragement in this state as
The legislature of New-Hampshire
in any pmrt of the world.
in 1808, passed an act making the following provisions, that
the selectmen of the several towns and parishes, and places in this
state be empowered and required to assess annually upon'the
inhabitants of their respective towns, parishes and places, accordinn: to their polls and rateable estates, and also upon improved and unimproved lands and buildings of non-residents, in
a sum to be computed at the rate of seventy dollars for every
one dolhir of their proportion of public taxes for the time being,
and so on for a greater or less sum, which sums when collected
t» be appropriated to the sole purpose of keeping an English
�GENERAL VIEW.
49
school or schools within the town or parish for which the same
sounds and powEnglish language, reading, writing, English grammar, arithmetic, geography, and such other branches
as are necessary to be taught in an English school.
And furthermore, no person to be deemed qualified to teach any such
schools, unless he or she shall procure a certificate from some
able and respectable English or grammar school-master, or
learned minister of the gospel, or preceptor of some academy,
or the president, professor, or a tutor of some college, that he
or she is well qualified to teach such school, and likewise a certificate from the selectmen or minister of the town or parish to
which he or she belongs, that he or she sustains a good moral
character ; this certificate to be presented to the selectmen or
committee for inspecting schools in the town or parish where
such school is to be kept, previous to the commencement of such
school.
Also, that each town in the state shall at their annual
meeting, appoint three or more suitable persons to visit and
inspect the schools in their respective towns or parishes, at such
time as shall be most convenient for the parties concerned, and
in a manner they may judge most conducive to the progress of
literature, morals, and religion.
shall be assessed, for instruction in the various
ers of letters in the
State Prison.
—The
state prison
some stone building erected
at
of New-Hampshire
Concord three
is
a handhigh,
stories
containing thirty-six cells.
The prison is connected with the
keeper's house, a building of four stories.
The whole is enclosed by a wall fourteen feet in height.
The workmanship
of this edifice is not surpassed by any thing of the kind in the
United States. The internal affairs of the prison are under
the superintendence of three directors and a warden who ofThese officers are appointed by the
ficiates as the keeper.
governor and council. The minister of the town officiates as
The business of the prison is regulated in a manchaplain.
ner highly creditable to the immediate officers. At present
there are about thirty convicts, most of whom are employed in
the manufactory of wooden screws, of which article, nearly
ten thousand gross were manufactured for the proprietors in
less than twelve months.
There are other articles fabricated
here, such as door hinges and almost every description of smiths
w«rk. The employment of the prisoners is constant and systematized, and their food plain and wholesome. These circumstances, in addition to the regularity of their discipline, and
the healthy situation of the prison, at once alleviate the pains
of confinement and afford opportunity for reflection and amendment. This subject naturally leads to a cursory retrospect of
r
�GENERAL VIEW.
jU
In 1792, the folio vviag. crimes
the criminal laws of the state.
wert punishable with death by the laws then existing murder,
treason, rape, sodomy, burglary, arson, robbery, and forgery of
In June, 1812, a bill was enacted by the
public securities.
;
making great alterations in this criminal code. By
that and subsequent statutes, murder and treason only are made
punishable by death, while other crimes, before considered capital, are now made punishable by imprisonment for life in the
legislature,
state prison
;
for
minor offences the term of confinement
is
pro-
portionably shortened.
History.
—Under
this
head
it
will only be
attempted to ex-
some of the
principal outlines of the history of this state.
It will be observed that many of the events in the following
chronology belong to this state only as an integral member
hibit
of the union.
This territory was discovered in 1614, by Capt. John Smith,
and received the name of New-Hampshire from Capt. Mason,
the original patentee.
1623 In the spring of this year,
—
Edward and William Hilfrom London, with some other persons landed at Little Harbour, but not being satisfied with that place,
they erected their stage eight miles higher up the river toward the N. W. on a neck of land which the Indians called
Newichawaunat, which name was changed by the English to
Northam, and afterwards to Dover.
1624 In the month of March of this year, Mr. Edward
Winslow arrived at Plymouth in New-England. He conveyed with him in his ship three heifers and a bull, M'hich wer€
the first neat cattle ever brought into this country.
1627 Mr. Allerton of the Plymouth company went to England to procure a patent for a trading place on the Kenneton, fishmongers
—
—
bec river, the planters at Piscataqu:- having threatened to obtain an exclusive patent for the
1629
—Some
same ground.
who were
scattered over Massachusetts, wishing to make a settlement in the neighbourhood of the Piscataqua, and imitating the example of those
of the planters
Plymouth, who had purchased their lands of the Indians,
(as they conscientiously thought this necessary to give them
a just title) procured a general assembly of the Indians at
at
Swamscot Fails, (now Exeter) where a deed was obtained
from four Sycamores.
1631
The whole plantation of New-Hampshire was this
year divided into two parts.
Capt. Thomas Wiggin was appointed agent for the upper and Capt. Walter Ncal for the
fewer.
The former of these divisions contained what is now
—
�GENERAL VIEW.
51
Durham, &c. and the latter contained Portsmouth, Rye, Newcastle, Newington, and a part of Greenland.
A house was this year erected at Strawberry Bank,
called the Great House.
Humphrey Chadbourne had the
care of the saw mills at the upper plantations
the descendants of this man are to the present day persons of considerable
cailtd Doverj
:
note.
The proprietors this year sent over from England several pieces of cannon which they directed their agents to mount at some
place most convenient for a fort.
They accordingly stationed
them on the northwest point of the great
the mouth of the Piscataqua harbour, and
island
which lies at
ground
laid out the
about a " bow shot" distance from the water side to a high
rock, on which, it was concemplated to build the principal fort.
1632 During this year the coast was alarmed by reports of
a pirate, one Dixy Bull, who with a company of fifteen, being
employed in the Indian trade at the eastward, had taken several boats and dismantled the fort at Pemaquid
Capt. Neal, collecting a small band, equipped four pinnaces and shallops from
the Piscataqua and manned them with forty men, which w.is all
the force that could be spared from the plantations ; this fleet,
after uniting with a barge containing twenty men from Boston,
sailed for Pemaquid, but were forced by contrary winds and
bad weather to return without meeting with the enemy.
This
was the first naval armament equipped from New-Hampshire.
The pirates having proceeded further eastward, arrived afterwards in England, where Bull met with his just punishment.
—
:
1633
— Neal and Wiggin joined
in
surveying their respective
and in laying out the towns of Portsmouth and
Northam, and another, which was afterwards called Hampton,
although at this place no settlement had as yet been made.
1634 By this time Mason and Georges had become, either
by purchase or common consent, the principal, if not the sole
These gentlemen, perceiving that
proprietors of this territory.
as yet only five or six houses had been erected in both plantations, renewed their exertions and sent over a fresh supply of
labourers and materials for carrying on the settlement.
They
appointed Francis Williams the first governor.
He was a
gentleman of sound sense and discretion, and so acceptable to
the people, that when they afterwards united in a body politic,
they unanimously continued him their ruler.
A meeting house
was this year erected at Dover Neck, which was the first edifice of the kind in New- Hampshire.
1635 Sir Ferdinand Georges and Capt. Mason, having bestowed upon these settlements more pains and expense than the
other members of the grand council of Plymouth, and seeing uq
plantations,
—
—
�GENERAL VIEW.
52
|
.
prospect of any equivalent reward, fearing also from the great
clamouv in England against monopolies, that they should soon
be forced to resign their charter, entered this year upon a new
project, which was to procure a general governor for the whole
territory of New-England, to be immediately sent over, and to
In this plak
have jurisdiction from St. Croix to Maryland.
however they did not succeed.
1636 This year one Burdet who had been a minister of
Yarmouth in England, came over to Dover, and continued for
some time in high estimation with the people, until by artful insinuations he excited such a jealousy against Wiggin, the gov-*
ernor of the place, that they deprived the latter of his office and
elected Burdet in his stead, who was in reality, a vicious and
profane man.
1637 Several eminently pious persons this year removed inThat religious persecuto this colony from Massachusetts.
tion was the cause of their removal, is evident not only from
Mrs. Hutchinson, but it appears from other public proceedings, that inquisition had been enforced over their private opinions as well as over their declarations and conduct.
Toleration
in rulers, had been preached against as a sin, which would
bring down the judgments of heaven upon the land.
—
—
1638
ment
—This year John
Wheelwright commenced
his settle-
Exeter.
His followers immediately formed themselves into a church, and decreeing themselves beyond the jurisdiction of Massachusetts, they formed a separate political
body, and made choice of Nicholas Needham, Isaac Grosse, and
Thomas Wilson as their rulers for the first year. The laws
were enacted by a popular assembly and formally sanctioned
by the rulers. Treason against the country or the king, (who
was styled the Lord's-anointed !) were made capital crimes,
and sedition was punished by a fine of ten pounds. This association lasted about three years.
At this time a settlement was
formed at Winnecumet, which was afterwards called Hampton.
The first house in this place was built by Nicholas Easton, and
was called the bound-house, (See Hampton) Nicholas Easton
afterwards removed to Rhode- Island, and ereotedthe first house
Oxeh were at this time sold at Hampton for
in Newport.
twenty-five pounds sterling per head.
This year was made
memorable by a remarkable earthquake, which happened on the
2d day of June. Its approach was announced by a low rumbling noise, similar to that of distant thunder.
Its passage was
from the northward to the eastward. As the sound increased,
the earth began to shake so violently as to drive people from
the houses, nor could they stand without supporting themselves
by posts and fences. About half an hour after this, another
at
�GENERAL VIEW.
53
shock commenced, was not so violent as the first, which was
felt even a great distance at sea.
1639 This year Capt. John Underhill was mSlae governor
As soon as he was fixed in authority, he proceeded
at Dover.
to gather a church, over which Hanserd KnoUeys was appointed minister. He was a baptist of the antinomian order, and
Belike the governor his patron, was a man of bad character.
fore the end of the year, Underhill was displaced and one Roberts was appointed in his stead.
1640 During this year the troubles at Dover increased.
One Larkeham, a native of Lime in England, and formerly minister at Barnstead, came over possessing good talents as a preachOn this
er, he eclipsed Knolleys and was chosen in his place.
occasion a council was called, composed of Simon Broadstreet,
Esq. of Boston, the celebrated Hugh Peters minister of Salem,
and Timothy Dalton, minister of Hampton. They travelled on
foot to Dover but did not succeed in effecting a permanent arrangement. Underhill, Knolleys, and Larkeham removed out
of the colony.
During all this period the people of Portsmouth, Dover, &c.
had no right of self government delegated from the British
crown, but finding the necessity of some more determinate form
than they had as yet enjoyed, they combined themselves in separate bodicspolitic, after the example of their neighbours at ExThe inhabitants of Dover, by a written instrument, subeter.
scribed by forty persons, agreed to submit to the laws of England
and to such other regulations as should be formed by a majority
of their number, until the pleasure of the king should be known.
The date of a similar association at Portsmouth is not known.
Mr. Hutchinson supposed the whole number of neat cattle in
the colony of Massachusetts in 1640, to be 12,000, and the
sheep about 4000, and he says, that " a cow, sold two years
It is probaago for 30/. may now be purchased for 5 or 6/."
ble that there were in New-Hampshire at this time, about 1200
neat cattle and 300 sheep.
1641
At this time, all the settlements by a voluntary act
submitted to Massachusetts and were comprehended in the
county of Norfolk, which extended from the Merrimack to
the Piscataqua.
By a subsequent order, a very extraordinary
concession was made to the towns of Portsmouth and Dover,
which indicated a strong anxiety on the part of the government to retain these towns under their controul. The test,
which had been established by law, was dispensed with in their
favour. Their freemen were allowed to vote in town affairs,
and their deputies to sit in the general court, although they
were not church members, (Sept. 28th»)
—
—
;
—
�54
GENEKAL VIEW.
—
1643 About this time, several persons at Boston were whipped, filled and banished for the crime of what was then called
heresy.
In this year also, Boston castle ^v^s built. The church
at Boston refused the church at Exeter the privilege of settling a minister. Mr. Belknap remarks, that this stretch of power, which
would now be regarded as an infringement of
christian liberty, was then agreeable to most of the fathers of
New- England.
—
1645 An union having now been formed between the settlements on the Piscataqua and the colony of Massachusetts,
their history for the succeeding forty years is of course in a
great measure identified.
In the year 1646, Mr. Winthrop was
chosen governor, and Mr. Dudley, lieutenant governor.
In
1647, an epidemic sickness passed through the continent.
English, French, Dutch, and Indians were indiscriminately the victims of it.
It was attended with a slight fever.
Those, wh©
resorted to bleeding or who used cooling medicines generally died.
Its ravages extended to the West-Indies, where 5 or
6000 were destroyed by it.
similar contagion has passed
over the country at several successive periods.
1648 This year, Rhode-Island requested admission into the
New- England confederacy, but she was not received.
The first instance of an execution for witchcraft, was in June,
1748.
Margaret Jones of Charlestown, was indicted as a
witch, condemned and hung.
She was charged with having
such a malignant touch, that if she laid her hands upon any
person in anger, the person was immediately seized with deafness, vomiting or some other violent affection.
After the execution of this woman, her husband took passage for Barbadoes
a ship which was well ballasted, and which had eighty
horses on board.
The vessel happening to roll on a sudden, in
an alarming manner, an officer was ordered to apprehend this
man and put him in confinement ; the ship was then said to
roll no more.
Such was the wonderful credulity and infatuation of that day.
Happy would it have been for NewEngland if this had been the only specimen of those fol-
A
—
m
lies.
1649
— Early
year died Gov. Winthrop, one of the faHe was succeeded by Endicot. Mi*.
Dudley remained deputy gov^frnor.
It is asserted by some
writers, that when Gov. Winthrop was on his death-bed, he was
solicited by Mr. Dudley to sign a warrant for the banishment
of one of those persons then called heretics. Winthrop refused,
and observed that " he had done too much of that work already."
thers of
in this
New-England.
�GENERAL VIEW.
55
In every age, many actions indifferent in their nature, have
been regarded as sinful and been classed among the greatest
The text in the Apostle's epistle to the Corinthienormities.
ans against wearing loJig hair^ led our ancestors to suppose that
They
tbis of course must be a sin in all ages and nations.
treated long hair therefore as one of the enormities.
It is wonderful, that a certain text in Leviticus, " ye shall
not round the corners of your head," was never urged the
It was the regulation at this period
custom of short hair.
in NfW-England, that the hair should not be worn below the
This regulation was enforced with peculiar rigour upon
ears.
clergymen. They were especially required to appear, '' patenfew years before this, the use of tobacco
tibus auribus.'^
Some of the writers of
was prohibited by a heavy penalty.
that day compare the smoke of it to the smoke of the bottomIfss pit.
Some of the clergymen however, yielded to the sin
of smoking, and tobacco was accordingly set at liberty by an
Beards as well as wigs were also
act of the legislature.
prohibited by authority.
1650 Capt. Wiggins and Edward Gibbens were added to
the council, and Mr. Endicot was chosen governor for the
It was
years 1651
3, and Mr. Dudley, lieutenant governor.
in this year, that the new District of Maine fell into the jurisdiction of Massachusetts.
1652 This year a mint was established in Boston for coinThe first pieces being shillings, six-pences, and three-pences.
ing struck in 1652, the same date was continued upon all
The court ordered, that all the
money for thirty years after.
coins should have a double ring, with the inscription of the word
*' Massachusetts," with a
tree in the centre on one side, and
New-England and the date of the year on the other. No other colony in this country ever presumed to coin money.
1656 In this year, began, what is generally and properly
fine of ten pounds
termed, the persecution of the quakers.
In
was inflicted on any person, who harboured a quaker.
October of this year, eleven of the sect, received sentence of
banishment ; and the master of the ship, which brought th-^m
from England, was required to bind himself with sureties to
the amount of 500/. to carry them all out of the country. (See
Hutch. Vol. .1 p. 97.) Mr. Hutchinson observes, that " he could
not find what law they had for this."
In this month also, an act passed imposing a fine of 100/.
upon any master of a vessel, who should bring a quaker into
the colony, and that if a quaker should arrive, he should be
immediately sent to the house of correction, receive twenty
stripes, and be confined to hard labour until he could be
A
—
—
—
—
A
�GENERAL ^^EW.
56
At the next session, an act passed, by which ail
transported.
persons were liable to a fine of forty shillings for harbouring
a quaker one hour. After the first conviction under this act,
the offender, if a man, was to lose one ear, and upon the third
conviction, the other ; if a woman, she was for each offence
to be whipped^ and upon the fourth conviction, the offender,
whether man or woman was to have the tongue bored through
In May, 1658, a penalty was inflicted upon
with a hot iron.
every person, who should attend a quaker meeting.
Under
this act, a child only eleven years Jd, by the name of Pa-
The imprisonment
tience Scott, was tried and imprisoned.
of such a child was as strange as any further severity would
have been horrible.
1660 Two quakers, by the names of William Robertson
and Marmaduke Stevenson, were executed on the 27th of OcSeveral persons were fined to the amount of 10/. for
tober.
entertaining quakers at their houses, and one man, of the name
of Wharton, for pilotting them from one port to another,
was ordered to receive twenty stripes. Several others were
Bishop says, " they cut off
executed, banished or whipped.
the ears of Holden, Capeland, and Rouse in prison, and
were whipped and banished upon pain of
that others
death."
In this inquisitorial persecution, the clergy were the most
The sufferings of the victims excited the compassion
active.*
of the people, many of whom resorted to the prisons by day and
night, so that the keepers were forced to establish a constant
guard to restrain them. Wendlock Christopherson among othThis man implored the court to coners was sentenced to die.
sider, whether they gained any thing by the persecution.
For
the last man, said he, that was put to death, five rose up in his
stead ; and although you have power to take my life, God can
—
same principles into ten more of his servants and
send them among you, that you may have torment upon torment. This man was executed June 13th, 1660. Some of his
May those
persecuted companions were tried at Hampton.
unhappy days never return, when men suppose they are doing
God service by sporting with the lives of his children.
1662 On the 26th of January of this year, there were two
shocks of an earthquake, and on the 28th a third.
1664 The people of New- England were this year alarmed by the appearance of a very large comet, which continued
inspire the
—
—
The pillory served George Fox for his pulpit.
From this he harangued
populace.
Inflamed by his eloquence, they raised a mob and released him,
and set in the same pillory a certain clergyman, who bad been instrumental in
the imprisonment of Fox.
*
tlie
�GENERAL VIEW.
5?
to the 4th of February.
When
appeared in the east it was without its tail. This appendage however became visible when the comet was in the
from the 17th of November,
it first
west.
1605—The
of the anabaptists, found on reWilliam Turner, Thomas Gould, Edward
Drinker, and several others were accused before the governor
and magistrates of the crime of " gathering themselves into the
form of a church, in opposition to the church of Christ established in the colony, and with intermeddling with those holy
appointments of the L.ord Jesus, which belong only to office
Several of these men were afterwards imprisoned and
trust."
cord,
was
first persecution
in 1665.
banished.
In this case, like all others, the severity against the
converts to it, and it was therefore thought expedient to desist from the persecution.
These were not the
first appearances of antipedo-baptism in the colony.
Mr. Dunstan, the president of the college joined that profession, and
was on that account expelled from his office. Mr. Chaney his
successor believed in the necessity of immersion.
In Mr.
Hooker's time it appeared that the doctrine was gaining ground,
and he expresses his belief that the converts to it would increase in number.
1666 In the course of this year the small-pox made its
appearance in the colony.
The commissioners, sent over this year by the king prevailed on some of the people of New-Hampshire to sign a petition
and complaint to his m'tjesty of the wrongs they had suffered
from Massachusetts in the usurpation of government, which
that state had exercised over them.
The inhabitants however,
of Dover, Portsmouth, and Exeter, assembled in their town
meetings, rejected this proposal and expressed their wish to be
continued as they had. been for many years, a part of Massachusetts colony.
1669 New-Hampshire had now remained in a quiet and
peaceable condition ever since the year 1641, and were heartily united in all their civil and religious concerns, with their
sister colony.
1675 In September of this year the Indians made their
first predatory incursion against New-Hampshire.
They attacked the plantations on Piscataqua river, now constituting
Durham, and here killed two men.
This species of hostility
continued till the year 1678, when a treaty was made with
Squando and other chiefs at Durham. (For particulars of this
sect
made new
—
—
—
war
see
1680
Durham.)
—This
year, a royal government was established in
New-Hampshire by commission from Charles 2d. The comS
,
�GENERAL VIEW
JiJ
mission arrived at Portsmouth on the first day of January.
John Cutts was appointed president for the first year, and Richard Martin, Willium Vaughn, Thomas Daniel of Portsmouth,
John Gihnan of Exttter, Christopher Husscy of Hampton, and
Richard Waldron of Dover, esquires, were appointed counselcode of laws was then established, the first of which
lors.
was of a character becoming freemen; and it provided, that " no
act, imposition or ordinance should be made or imposed upon them
but such as should be framed by the assembly, and approved by
The president, council, and asthe president and council."
sembly were constituted a supreme court of judicature.
jury was called whenever desired by the parties. Inferior
A
A
courts were established at Dover, Portsmouth, and Hampton.
The military arrangement consisted of one foot company in
each town, one company of artillery at the fort, and one troop
all under the command of major Waldron.
remarkable comet made its appearance in November of
this year, and disappeared sometime in the next February.
Another appeared in August and continued until September.
From June, 1680, to April, 1681, there were entered at
Portsmouth twenty-two ships, eighteen ketches, one shallop,
In 1682, there were eleven six-pounders at
and one fly-boat.
the fort, and five more at the upper part of Portsmouth, not
mounted, the property of private individuals.
From 1680, to 1685, Edward Cranfield was governor and
Walter Barefoot deputy governor.
1686 A general government was this year established by
James 2d, over the whole territory, called New-England, Joseph Dudley was made first president.
1687 Sir Edmund Androse was afterwards appointed gorernor of New- England, but he was for some reason apprehended at Boston, and sent home a state prisoner.
1689 New-Hampshire by a voluntary act became agai»
war with the
united to Massachusetts under the old charter.
French and Indians returned this year with all its horrors. On
This
the 27th of June, Dover was cut off and Waldron slain.
war continued until 1693.
1692 The delusion of witchcraft at this time overspread a
Large numbers were executed,
large part of New-England.
John Usher brought over the
and many were imprisoned.
commission of Samuel Allen as governor, and he officiated himself as lieutenant governor.
1699 Richard, Earl of Bellmont, governor of New- York
and Massachusetts, this year opened his commission in NewHampshire, under whom William Partridge acted as lieutenant governor.
of horse,
A
—
—
—
—
—
A
�GENERAL VIEW.
59
—
1700 New-Hampshire was required to furnish their quota
of force to assist in the defence of New- York, in case of an invasion.
This the people thought very unjust, as they had never received any assistance from that colony.
1701
In the course of this year Lord Bellmont died at NewYork, and Joseph Dudley was appointed governor.
1702* There were at this period, seven incorporated towns
in New- Hampshire, and four ordained ministers.
1703 Louis 14th, proclaimed the pretender king of Great
Britain, which circumstance rendered a war with France inevitable.
King William died early in this year and Queen Anne
succeeded him. The French and Indian war (commonly called
Queen Anne's war) now commenced in New-England. On the
10th of August a body of French and Indians, consisting
of five-hundred, separated themselves into several parties, attacked all the settlements from Cased to Wells, and either killed or captured 130 people.
On their march they burned and
ravaged every thing before them.
On the 17th of the same
month several people were killed at Hampton.
1704~This year Deerfield in Massachusetts was surprised
by the French and Indians, who there killed 40 or 50persons, and
took more than 100 prisoners.
On the 25th of April several
people were killed at Durham.
1705 There was in the course of this year a partial cessati#n of hostilities, and Queen Anne informed governor Dudley
that she was projecting an expedition against Canada.
The
governor and council thought it therefore a good season to negociate the exchange and redemption of prisoners.
The sumHtier was accordingly chiefly occupied in this business, and in repairing the fort on Great Island, and the line of pickets at
Portsmouth.
nightly parole was established along the shore
from Portsmouth to Hampton to prevent any surprise by sea,
as the coast was at this period infested by French privateers.
1706 In April of this year, the enemy appeared again in
New-Hampshire, extending their work of bloodshed and destruction to the towns of Durham, Dunstable, Kingston, Exeter, Dover, &c.
(See these towns in the Gazetteer.)
—
—
—
—
A
—
* The whole number of inhabitants in the American
mencement of this century was 262,000, viz.
Massachosetts,
Connecticut, Rhode-Island, -
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
New-Hampshire,
N6w-York,
-
-
-
New-Jersey,
-
_
.
colonies,
the com-
at
70,000
30,000
Pennsylvania,
.
.
•
-
-
10,000
10,000
30,000
I5,00i
Virginia,
North Carolina,
South Carolina,
-
-
-
...
-
Maryland,
.
-
....
i
20,000
25,000
40,000
5,000
7,000
�GENERAL
60
"VreW.
—
170/ On the 15th of September of this year, the Indians
committed some depredations at Exeter, and on the ITth, several persons were killed at Durham.
1708 At this time a large army was prepared at Canada
and Ncw-H^mpshire
against the frontiers of New-England
A troop under
was put in the best possible state of defence.
the command of Capt. Coffin, patrokd from Kingston to CoNo
checho, and scouts were continu dly kept on the lookout.
important occurrence however touk place.
1/09 This year several persons were killed at Oyster river,
Exeter, &c. (which see.) General Nicholson marched against
the French and Indians as far as to a place called Wood Creek,
but obtaining no assistance from England, and his men not being paid, for the two former years, his whole army was disbanded.
1710 An expedition (to which New-Hampshire contributed
100 men, under Col. Shadrach) was sent against Port-Royal.
This place surrendered October 5ih, and was afterwards called
Annapolis.
Col. Winthrop Hilton was this year killed in that
Some other perpart of Exeter, which is now called Epping.
sons were killed in Exeter, Dover, and Kingston.
—
;
—
—
1711
— The depredations of the Indians increased
in audacity
and violence. Another expedition was prepared against CanaEight transports were this year wrecked on
da, which failed.
Egg Island, in the river St. Lawrence, and a thousand people
perished.
—
1712 This year was remarkable for accumulated cruelties
from the Indians. Many people were killed at Dover, Durham, Kingston, &c.
1713 Peace was now made between the colonies and the Indians, and ratified by their chiefs at Portsmouth, on the 15th
Queen Anne died and George 1st was crowned.
of July.
Daring thfse Indian hostilities, which were called King Phillip's
war, and which continued from 1675 to 1714, Massachusetts
vv-Hampshire lost 6000 young men and male children,
and
including the killed and those who were made captive, without
—
N
ever being recovered.
1714 -Governor Dudley was removed, and colonel Burgess
appointed in his place.
1715 Governoi Burgess sold his commission, and Col. Samuel Shute was appointed his successor over both provinces.
1717 -A dispute happened between the governor and his
council as to the best mode of defence against the French and
Incti ms.
Tne greatest snow ever known in New-England fell in the
latter part of April of this year.
It was so deep, that people
—
—
—
�GEISERAL VIEW.
<vrere
<51
obliged to walk from their chamber windows.
It
was
said to be eight feet on a level, and has ever since been called
the ^reat snow.
1722
governor and
— John Wentworth was appointed against the
A declaration of war
mander
in chief.
all
com-
hostile
tribes of Indians was published at Portsmouth and Boston, and a
bounty of 100/. was offered for every Indian scalp. This, whidh
was called Lovell's war, was bloody and distressing, and continued until December 15th, 1725, at which time articles of
peace were signed at Falmouth.
1726 From this date, New-England enjoyed a long and
prosperous peace. Massachusetts granted to certain persons
Pennacook, now called Concord.
1727 This example was followed by New-Hampshire, and
grants were made of Epsom, Chichester, Barnstead, Canterbury, Gilmanton, and Bow.
This year was remarkable for a violent and extensive earthquake which commenced on the 29th of October, A.M. It
was announced by a loud and alarming noise this increased
until the shaking began, which continued about three minutes.
Cellar walls were broken in, and chimneys were thrown down,
but no houses were destroyed. Smaller shocks were felt for
several months afterward.
On the 10th of June, George 1st died, and on the 27th,
George 2d was proclaimed,
1728 William Burnet was appointed governor of Massachusetts and New-Hampshire, and he was succeeded by Mr.
—
—
;
—
Belcher.
—
1734 On this year New-Hampshire was erected into a separate government.
Boundary lines were run and established,
but all disputes on this subject were not finally adjusted un;
1741.
til
1735
— During
this
year New-England was visited by a de-
and very extensive epidemic,
called the throat-distemthroat swelled, white or ash coloured specks appeared in the fauces, and an efflorescence on the skin, accompanied by a general debility and a strong tendency to putridity.
structive
per.
The
ravages commenced in May, 1735, at Kingston, N. HJ
In the;
first victim was a child, who died in three days.
course of a week it appeared at a place four miles distant,
where three children died on the third day.
Of the first forty
who were seized net one recovered. At Exeter it destroyed
114 persons; at Hampton Falls 20 families buried all their
Its
The
children.
In the province of
ftfteen
towns,
it
New-Hampshire alone, which had only
carried off 1000 people, of whom 900 were un-
�GENERAL
<52
VIEVV^.
der the age of 21.
The same disorder has made its appearance in this state at several subsequent periods. (For particulars sec the towns.)
—
1741
Benning Wentworth was appointe'd governor of the
province.
There was no lieutenant governor for a period of
twenty-five years.
About this time an extraordinary religious conversion took
place in the province, which was for the most part, owing t»
the arrival of the Rev. George Whitefield, and other celebrated,
pulpit orators.
1745 On the 17th of May of this year Louisburg was taken.
This was a severe loss to the French and inflamed them to obtain
retribution.
The amount of New-Hampshire troops engaged
in this expedition was about 500 men.
In July the Indians
made their appearance at Fort Dummer, and at the great
meadows near Westmoreland. (See Hinsdale.)
1755 Hostilities continued and New-Hampshire raised 500
men under Col. Joseph Blanchard for an expedition against
Crown Point. This regiment was stationed at Fort Edwards,
and on the eighth of September, it was attacked by a body of
French regulars. The enemy was beaten off with severe loss,
and on their retreat they were met by Capt. Nathaniel Folsom,
who had been on a scouting expedition, and was nov.^ returning.
Capt. Folsom stationed his men among the trees and kept up a
well directed fire until night, at which time the enemy retired
with loss, and Folsom returned to the camp.
short time after
this, another regiment was raised in New-Hampshire, and put
under the command of Capt. Peter Oilman of Exeter. These
men were as active and persevering as their brethren, although
they had not such favourable opportunities of exhibiting their
•ourage. The expedition was given up and late in the fall the
soldiers were disbanded and sent home.
These designs against
Crown Point incited the Indians to new projects of depredations on the frontier of New-Hampshire.
This year was memorable also for an earthquake, which happened on the eighteenth day of November, about four in the
morning. Smaller shocks were felt for about a fortnight after.
The soldiers of New- Hampshire were so well qualified for
every service which required alertness, and so familiarized
to fatigue and danger, that, by the express desire of lord
Loudon, three ranging companies were formed of them, who
continued in service throughout winter and summer. The command of them was given to Robert Rogers, John Stark, and
William Stark.
1757 Another expedition against Cro^vn Point was planned
by lord Loudon, and New-Hampshire on this occasion raised
—
,
—
A
—
�GENERAL VIEW
6
two regiments, under Cols. Meserve and GofF. The latter regiment was captured at Fort William, and eighty of the men
were massacred by the Indians. A reinforcement of 250 soldiers was raised, and entrusted to major Thomas Tash, who
was stationed at No. 4, (now called Charlestown.)
1758 Another unsuccessful campaign marked this year.
The frontiers of the province were severely harassed by the InNew-Hampshire made a new contribution of 1000
dians.
—
men towards
the reduction of Crown Point, Ticonderoga, &c.
This force was entrusted to Col.Zaccheus Lovell, son ofthfcelebrated partisan who was killed at Pigwacket. The victories
of this year were splendid indeed, Niagai'a, Ticonderoga,
Crown Point, and Quebec surrendered to the English.
1760 This year New-Hampshire raised 800 men and placed them under the command of Col. John Goff.* This regiment marched to Montreal, where they were reinforced by Col.
Haviland. With this year the war ended, and George 3d was
now proclaimed king.
1761 The ability which the American colonies had displayed throughout the war, inspired the British parliament
with a spirit of jealousy against them, which discovered itself
before the declaration of peace. This year and the year after were remarkable for severe droughts.
John Temple- was
appointed lieutenant governor but nerer officiated. About 60
townships were laid out during this and the last year, some oh
the cast and some on the west side of the Connecticut ri^er.
1763 From this year may be dated the flourishing condition of New- Hampshire.
Population and cultivation progressed with unprecedented rapidity.
1765 The stamp-act which passed this year, roused t'ae
indignation of New-England.
Every method was used to inform and excite the people on this subject. At Portsmouth
coffin was carried about, on the lid
the bells were tolled.
of which was inscribed " Liberty aged 145."
procession
was formed and moved with muffled drums, minute guns were
fired, and an oration pronounced at the grave.
The coffin
was afterwards taken up, signs of life were discovered in
the corps.
The inscription "liberty revived" was substituted,
the bells struck a cheerful peal, and joy reillumined every
countenance ; the whole was conducted with decency and or-
—
—
—
—
A
A
der.
—
1766 The obnoxious act was repealed on the 19th of March
of this year, but such was the infatuation of the parliament,
and the chagrin of the authors of the act, that they framed
*
The
population of New-Hampshire was at this time 34,000.
�GENERAL
64
VITAV.
another, imposing heavier duties on trade, under the specious
pretence of raising a revenue for the support of the provin-
governments.
1767 John Wentworth was appointed deputy governor of
N<w- Hampshire, and surveyor of the king's forests in North
America.
The act above alluded to was a duty on paper, glass, tea,
and painters' colours. A board of commissioners and a court
of a'Jmiralty were also established vith unlimited powers. The
colonies were unanimous in jtheir opposition to the revenue
act, ind they employed every expedient to interrupt the royal
Three of the
officets in the execution of their business.
commissioners escaped from the populace with the hazard of
their lives, and others sought refuge in the forts.
1770 Authentic information was received, that the revenue
act was so far repealed, as to take off all the obnoxious duThis gave
ties tixcept that of three pence per pound on tea.
no sqtisfaction to the colonies they considered the principle
Oa
of that small tax as dangerous as that of a larger one.
The
the 5|h of March the work of bloodshed commenced.
king's soldiers stationed in Boston fired upon the inhabitants,
killed three and wounded five more.
Governor Benning Wentworth died and was succeed1771
ed by his nephew John Wentworth.
1^74 General Gage arrived at Boston with a large force
of British troops, and the town of Boston was blockaded.
The general assembly of New-Hampshire, at their meeting in
the spripg, in conformity to the example of similar bodies in the
other colonies, appointed a committee of correspondence, and
transmitted letters to all towns in the province, requesting them
to send deputies to a general convention at Exeter, where delEighty-five
egates were to be chosen for a general congress.
deputies assembled at Exeter, where they chose Nathaniel Folsom and John Sullivan, esquires, to attend the proposed congress to be holden the next September at Philadelphia.
An order having been passed by the king in council prohibiting the exportation to America of gun-powder and other military stores, a copy of it was brought by express to Portsmouth
a* the moment when a ship was daily expected from Boston
with a party of troops to take possession of Fort William and
Mary at the entrance of the harbour. The committee of
Portsmouth, with all possible despatch, collected a company
from that and the neighbouring towns, and before the governor
had any suspicirtn of their intentions they proceeded to Newcastle and attacked the fort.
The whole garrison (consisting
of five men besides the Capt.) were captured, and one hundred
cial
—
—
;
—
—
�GENERAL VIEW.
65
gunpowder were carried
off.
Another party reof the lightest cannon and all the small arms, beMaj. John Sullivan and C -pt.
sides some military stores.
John Langdcn signalized themselves as the leaders of this affair.
The next day the Scarborough frigate and Cansean
sloop of war, with several companies of soldiers, took possession
of the fort and of the heavy cannon which had not been re-
barrels of
moved
fifteen
moved.
—
1775 On the 25th of January a second convention of depuassembled at Exeter to consult on the existing affairs, and
ties
to appoint delegates to the
nt- xt general congress to be
held at
Philadelphia on the 18th of May.
Maj. Sullivan and Capt.
Langdon were chosen.
At this time every thing bore the appearance of war, but
no actual blow was struck until the 19th of April.
On this
memorable day an armed British force marched from Boston
Meeting here with some hostile treatment from
to Lexington.
a few Americans in arms, they unsheathed the sword and shed
the first blood of the revolutionary contest.
On the alarm of
this event, the people of New-Hampshire flew to arms, and to
party of Americans atthe assistance of their brethren.
tacked a battery on Jersey's Point on Great Island and carried
off eight pieces of cannon, some of which were twenty-four
and others thirty-two pounders, all which they brought to Ports*
mouth. Governor Wentworth finding his authority disregarded and his person insulted, retired to the fort.
On the second meeting of the assembly he sent a message to
them and adjourned them to the 28th of September ; they
A
however never met
after that.
He
remained
in the fort
under
the protection of the Scarborough and another ship of war until all the cannon were taken on board : he then sailed for BosIn September he stationed himself on the Isle of Shoals,
ton.
and at that place issued a proclamation adjourning the ass'cmThis was the last act of his adminisbly to the next April.
tration and his last visit to the province.
Thus terminated the
British government in New-Hampshire where it had existed
ninety-five years.
On the first alarm of hostilities about twelve hundred men
marched from the adjacent parts of New-Hampshire to the assistance of their fellow citizens near Boston, who had already
taken arms.
pcjrt
of this number returned immediately,
the remainder formed themselves into two regiments under
the authority of the Massachusetts convention.
On the first
meeting of the Provincial Assembly of New-Ham.pshire, it was
voted to raise and equip two thousand men, to be formed into
three regiments, which were to be under the command of col9
A
�GENERAL VIEW.
66
John Stark, James Read, and John Poor. The two forpresent at the memorable battle of Bunker Hill,
where they were posted on the left behind a fence here they
sorely galled the advancing bodies of the British, and cut down
whole ranks of them. In their retreat they lost several of the
number, among whom was the gallant Maj. Andrew M'Clary,
who was killed by a cannon shot after he had passed the isthonels,
mer were
;
mus of Charlestown. After this time brigadier-general Sullivan
Forts were soon
commanded the New-Hampshire troops.
erected on the points of two islands which form a narrow chanOne of
two miles below the town of Portsmouth.
these was called Fort Sullivan and the other Fort Washington.
company of artillery was stationed on duty here, and a
company of rangers was posted on Connecticut river. Besides these two companies more were raised to be under the
immediate orders of the committee of safety. The whole militia of the state was divided into two regiments ; the field officers were to be appointed by the convention, and the inferior
officers to be elected by the companies ; out of the militia
were selected lour regiments of minute men who were constantly trained to military duty.
In the next winter when the Connecticut regiments withdrew
from the camp, their term of service having expired, six companies, each containing 61 men, were sent to supply their place
until the British evacuated Boston.
temporary government was established in New1776
Hampshire, to continue during the war, consisting of a house
of representatives and a council of twelve, with the addition of
an executive committee to act in the recess of the legislaThe number of this committee varied from six to sixteen.
ture.
The president of the council was also president of the execuTo this office was cajjed the Hon. Meshech
tive committee.
Weare, a man of experience, talents, and fidelity. He was alSo unbounded
so appointed chief justice of the superior court*
was the public confidence in this gentleman that no hesitation
was felt to invest him at once with all authority, legislative, execnel about
A
—A
and judicial, in which he was continued by-annual elecFor the service of this year two
throughout the war.
thousand men were raised and organized under the officers
of the preceding year. Three hundred men were stationed in
the forts ; and supplies of fire arms and ammunition were
regiment was raissent to the western parts of the state.
ed in that quarter and placed under the command of colonel
Timothy Bedel, with orders to be prepared for a march to
Canada. These three regiments marched with Gen. Washington to New- York, thence they were ordered up the Hudson
utive,
tions
A
�GENERAL VIEW.
67
and down the lakes into Canada, under the command of
(ien. Sullivan, who met at the mouth of the river Sort! the
American army retreating from Quebec. Here Gen. Sullivan
took the command of the whole, and finding the retreat unavoidable on account of the small-pox among the New-Hamp^
he conducted this movement with great skill and
shire troops
prudence.
Not only the small-pox but the dysentary, and putrid fever raged among our troops, and it was computed that
out of the New-Hampshire regiments nearly one third were carried off this year by sickness.
When all apprehensions of an
attack on Ticonderoga were over for the season, the surviving
part of the New- Hampshire troops marched by the way of the
Minisinks into Pennsylvania, where they aided Gen. Washington in the glorious capture of the Hessians at Trenton, and
were also with him at the victorious battle of Princeton.
1777 Over the army which was raised this year the officers
were appointed by congress, and the men were enlisted for
that term or during three years.
The New-Hampshire
regiments were commanded by colonels Joseph Cilley, Nathan
Hale, and Alexander Scammel.
These troops were supplied
with new French arms, and their rendezvous was appointed at
Ticonderoga. The whole body was to be under the immediate command of Brig. Gen. Poor.
They remained at Ticonderoga until the approach of the British army under Gen. Burgoyne rendered it expedient to abandon the post. Col. Hale's
regiment was ordered to cover the rear of the invalids, on
which account he was several miles behind the main body.
The next morning after the march commenced, he was attacked by an advanced part of the enemy at Hubbardston.
In
this engagement major Titcomb was wounded
Col.Hale, captains Robertson, Carr, and Norris, and adjutant Elliot with
some other officers, and about 100 men were made prisoners.
The main army continued their retreat to Saratoga.
At Fort
Ann they had a skirmish with the enemy, in which captain
Weare was mortally wounded.
When the intelligence of this
retreat reached New-Hampshire, the assembly had finished
their spring session and had separated.
An immediate summons from the executive committee reassembled them, and in a
short sitting of three days they organized the most effectual
means for common defence. They formed the militia of the
state into two brigades, the first of which they entrusted to the
command of William Whipple, and the second ta John Stark.
One fourth part of Stark''s brigade and one fourth of three
regiments of the other brigade, were immediately despatched
under the command of Stark, to arrest the progress of the enemy against our western frontiers.
;
—
;
�"
GENKllAI- VIEW.
68
of the militia were instructed to take away the
those persons who scrupled or declined assisting in
And a day oi public fasting and
the defence of the country.
The
officers
arms of
.til
prayer wis appointed which was observed with devotion and
solemnity.
The above mentioned appointment of Stark with the pay of
a brigadier-general in the continental armv wus peculiarly satisfictory to the public and not unpleasant to his own feelings.
In the arrangement of the general officers the preceding year, a
junior officer had been promoted while Stark was neglected.
He had written to congress on the sut)j;xt, but his letters were
He therefore left the army and
suffered to lie on the table.
returned home, he was now by the unanimous voice of his fellow citizms, invested with a separate and honourable command,
and the orders he receiv^-'d were these, " to repair to Charleston on Connecticut riv-r, there to consult with a committee of
the New-Hampsliire grams, (now Vermont) and to act in conjunction with, the troops of that new state or any other of the
states, or of the United States, or separately, as it should appear to him most expedient for the protection of the people and
In a few days he proceeded to
the annoyance of the enemy."
Charleston, and as soon as his men arrived, he sent them forward to join the forces of the new state, under Col. Warner,
who had stationed himself at Manchester, twenty miles north
At this place Stark joined him, and here he
of Bennington.
met Gen. Lincoln, who had been despatched from Stillwater by
Gen. Schuyler (commander of the northern department) to
conduct the militia to the west side of the Hudson river. Stark
informed him of his orders and of the dangers which the peoHe further observed, that he
ple of the grants apprehended.
had consulted with the committee, and that if he (Stark) joined
the continental army and left them exposed, the people were
resolved to retire to the east side of Connecticut river and thus
He therefore expressed kis
leave New-H.impshire a frontier.
dtt- rmmation to remain on the enemy's flank, and watch his
H:' accord ngly mustered his forces at Bennington
motions.
uichester.
report of this deterand Itft Co;. W.rn.r it
The orders, upon
mination w s tr.insmitted to Congress.
which it was found-rd, were there disapproved, but the wisdom
of them was Jtiestrd by subsequent events.
Gen. Burgoyne, with the main body of the British army, was
now at Fort Edward. From that station he despatched Lieut.
C')l. Bum, with about 1500 of his G.;rm »n troops and 100 Indians to spread themselves over the Grants as far as Connecticut river, with orders to collect horses and cattle for the
use of the army and to return immediately with their booty.
I
M
A
�GENERAL VIEW.
69
The Indians, who preceded this attachment, were discoverStark despatched Col.
ed about 12 miles from Bennington.
Gregg with a body of 200 to arrest their progress. On the
evening of that day he was informed, that a body of regular
troops with a train of artillery was in full march for BenningThe next morning he advanced with his whole brigade
ton.
and some militia from the Grants, to the support of Gregg, who
found, himself unable to cope with the superior force of the enemy. Having marched about a mile, he met Gregg retreating
and the main body of the enemy within a mile of his rear.
On discovering the approach of Stark's column, Gregg halted
on an advantageous position and drew up hjs men in full view
on the eminence, but could not bring them to an engagement.
He then fell back about a mile and encamped, leaving a small
party to skirmish with the advance, who killed thirty of the enemy besides two of the Indian chiefs.
The next day was rainy. Stark kept his position and sent
Many of the Indians improvout parties to harass the enemy.
ed this opportunity to desert, declaring that the woods were full
of Yankees. On the following morning Stark was reinforced
by a militia company from the Grants, and by another from the
county of Berkshire in Massachusetts. This raised his force
He despatched Col.Nichols with 250 men to the
to 1600 men.
rear of the enemy's left wing ; and Col. Hendrick with 300 to
the rear of their right ; and stationed 300 to oppose their front
and keep them in play. Then ordering colonels Hubbard and
Stickney with 200 men to attack their right wing, and 100
more to reinforce Nichols in the n^ar of their left the attack
commenced on that point precisely at three o'clock in the afterIt was immediately followed up by the other detachnoon.
ments, Stark himself advancing with the main body. The engagement continued two hours, by which time he had forced the
enemy's line and breast-works, taken two pieces of brass cannon and a number of prisoners, and had compelled the remnant
to retreat.
Just at this moment he was informed that another
body of the enemy was within two miles of him. This was a
reinforcement for which Baum had sent when he first knew
the amount of the force he was to oppose.
It was commanded by Col. Breyman. Fortunately Warner's regiment from
Manchester met them and arrested their march. Stark rallied
and renewed the action and it was warm and desperate. He
employed with great effect the cannon he had captured, and
at sunset compelled the enemy to retreat.
H^ pursued them
until night, at which time he halted to prevent his men from
injuring each other in the dark.
Stark took in this action two
pther piedes of cannon, together with all the enemy's baggage,
;
�GENERAL VIEW.
70
waggons, and horses, and found that they had left on the field
226 dead. Their commander Baum was taken prisoner, and
soon after died of his wounds. Besides him 33 officers, and
more than 700 privates were taken. Out of Stark's brigade
four officers and ten privates were killed and 42 wounded.
In the account of this battle which Stark transmitted to the
Nt w-Hampshire committee he said, " our people behaved with
the greatest spirit and bravery imaginable, and had every man
been an Alexander or a Charles of Sweden, they could not have
behaved better." Congress heard of this victory only from
common report. After waiting sometime in expectation of
letters, inquiry was made why Stark had not written to congress as well as to his own state.
He answered that his cor*
respondence with them had closed as they had not attended to his last letters. They immediately took the hint, and
although they had but a few days before resolved, that the instructions under which he had acted were destructive of military subordination, yet they presented their thanks to him and to
the officers and troops under his command and promoted him
The
to the rank of brigadier-general in the continental army.
northern army was now reinforced by the militia of the neighbouring states. Brig. Gen. Whipple marched with most of his
brigade, in addition to which, volunteers in abundance flocked
Two desperate battles were
to the army under general Gates.
fought, one at Stillwater and the other at Saratoga, in both of
which, the troops from New-Hampshire had a large share of
the honour gained by the American army.
In the former action two lieutenant-colonels, Adams and Colburn, and lieutenant
Thomas were among the slain and in the latter, lieutenant-colonel Conner and lieutenant M'Clary were killed with a
great number of their men.
The consequence of these repeated victories was the surrender of Burgoyne's army. After this
great object was attained, the New-Hampshire regiments
performed a march of forty miles and forded the Mohawk rivThe object
er below the falls, in the space of fourteen hours.
of this rapid movement was to arrest the progress of a British
detachment under general Clinton, who threatened Albany with
the same devastation which he had extended over the counj
try below, but hearing the fate of
etly
to
Burgoyne he returned qui-
New- York.
The American army
then marched into Pennsylvania and
huts at Valley Forge.
In addition to
those officers from New-Hampshire, who were killed at the
passed the winter
in
northward, we lost also Maj. Edward Sherburn, who was slain
After the
in a daring but unsuccessful action at Germanton.
capture of Burgoyne, all danger of a Canadian invasion ceased,
�GENERAL VIEW.
71
and the theatre of war was removed to the southward. The
troops from New-Hampshire now formed into a distinct brigade, had their full share of the common dangers and sufferings of the army.
At the battle of Monmouth, a part of them
were closely engaged under the command of colonel Cilley and
lieutenant-colonel Dearborn, and they behaved in such a manner, as to merit the commendation of the illustrious WashingThey continued with the main army all that spring, and
ton.
were stationed at Reading during the ensuing winter.
In the summer of 1778, when the French fleet appeared on
our coast, with the intention to aid us in our struggles with
Great Britain, an invasion of Rhode Island, then in possession
of the British was projected, and general Sullivan was appointed to conduct it. Detachments of militia and volunteers irovti
Massachusetts and New-Hampshire formed a part of his troops:
but a violent storm having prevented the co-operation of the
French and driven them to sea, the army, after a few skirmishes, were under the mortifying necessity of quitting the IslThe retreat was conducted by general Sullivan with
and.
great skill and prudence.
1779 An expedition into the Indian country being determined on, general Sullivan was appointed to the command, and
the New-Hampshire brigade made part of his forces.
His
rout was up tjbe Susquehanna in the country of the Seneca's, a
track imperfectly known, and into which no troops had ever penThe order of his march was planned with great
etrated.
judgment and executed with much regularity and perseverance.
In several engagements wifeh the savages, the troops from NewHampshire behaved with a characteristic intrepidity. The provisions of the detachment falling short before the object of the
expedition was cowipleted, the troops generously consented to
subsist on such food, as could be found in the Indian counAfter their return, they were re-united to the main artry.
my and passed a third winter in huts at Newtown in Connecti-
—
cut.
On
the close of this year Sullivan resigned his
command
and retired.
1780 This year the New-Hampshire troops were stationed
at the important post of West-Point, and afterwards marched
into New- Jersey, where general Poor died.
Three of its regiments were employed in the service of this year. The fourth
winter was passed in cantonments of huts at a place called
Soldier's Fortune near Hudson river.
At the close of the year
the New-Hampshire force was reduced to two regiments and
were commanded by colonels Scammel and Reid. It was on
the 21st of September this year, that the treason and desertioa
—
�GENERAL VIEW.
7'2
of Arnold were discovered, which event was followed by the
capture and execution of major Andre, the British spy.
1781
This year a part of our troops remained at NewYork, and the other division marched to Virginia and were
It was at this time, that
present at the defeat of Cornwallis.
the brave and enterprising colonel Scammcllost his life.
1782 During the winter of this year the first New-Hampshire regiment, commanded by lieutenant-colonel Dearborn,
was quartered at Saratoga, and the second, on the Mohawk
river.
They kept these stations until the close of the ensuing
year, at which time the approaches of peace began to relax
In the course of a few months, the
tTie opf-rations of war.
—
—
negociations resulted in a treaty, and
we were acknowledged
" free and independent states" from that throne, which had till
then pronounced us " revolted su!>jects."
The America, a seventy-four gun ship, built at Portsmouth,
by order of congress, was launched on the 5th of November
of this year.
This was the first line of battle ship ever built in
this country.
It was presented to the king of France.
1783 On the 31st of October of this year the civil constitution of New-Hampshire went into operation and continued until 1792.
small shock of an earthquake was felt on the 29th
—
A
of November.
— Meshech Weare was
1784
1 785
elected president of this state.
president.
During this year
for redress of the paper money
—John Langdon was chosen
there was much popular clamour
grievances.
—
1786 John Sullivan was made president.
This year was
rendered memorable by an insurrection in New-Hampshire, the
object of which was (says Belknap) to force the legislature into a
paper money system. On the 20th of S-*ptember, about 200
mc;n equipped in various modes, surrounded the general court
then convened at Ex: ter, and held that honourable body prisoners sevf ral hours.
But the citizens of the towns immediately
ros^ in arms and crushed the insurrection in its birth.
1787 President Sullivan continued in offi-e. The tumult of
insurrection was not confined to New-Hampshire.
It appeared
in I'older forms in several of the neighbouring states.
It was ascert;iined, th:it the existing Confederacy was insufficient.
deleguou therefore from the several states, comprising much
learning, talents, and virtue, convened at Philadelphia for the
purpose of framing a federal constitution.
This convention appointed general Washington as their president, and after four
months uninterrupted attention to the subject,during which period
all the jarring interests of the states were thoroughly canvassed,
they voted to recommend a plan of federal government to the
—
A
�GENERAL VIEW.
73
The delegates from New-Hampshire were John Langdon and Nicholas Oilman.
1788 The new constitution was published and offered to the
It was adopted in
several states for their formal acceptance.
New-Hampshire June the 21sE of this year, by the general court
States.
—
Concord.
1789 General Washington was elected president of the
United States, and John Sullivan president of New-Hampat
—
dhire.
1790
Bartlett
—Josiah the U.
of
The revenue
was chosen president of this state.
was ^4,77/',120, and the
S. for this year
expenditure ^3,797,436.
1791 Josiah Bartlett was chosen governor under the
new
—
Piscat1794—John Taylor Gilman was elected governor,
year.
aqua bridge was
1795 — John Taylor Gilman was again elected governor, and
1805.
by annual election
continued
1797— John Adams was chosen president of the United
and Thomas Jefferson vice president. The exports
constitution.
built this
until
in office
States,
of the United States now amounted to S5 7,000,000, and the
revenue of the post-office amounted to S46,000. The mails
of the United States are carried over 1,430,085 miles, in which
space there are upwards of four hundred post-offices.
1798 This year congress passed an act authorizing the
president to raise and equip a provisional army, and an act
more effectually to protect the commerce and coasts of the
United States against French depredations.
1799 Thomas Truxton commander of the U. S. Frigate
The
Constellation captured the French Frigate Insurgent.
whole American navy consisted at this time of forty-two vessels carrying 950 guns.
1800 The cow-pox was introduced into America this year.
There were now belonging to Portsmouth 28 ships, 47 brigs,
10 schooners, and 2 sloops employed in foreign commerce. Of
the above vessels 17 of the largest were built in the course of
There were also twenty coasters, and more than
this year.
that number of fishing vessels.
1801 Thomas Jefferson was elected president of the United
The exports of the
States, and Aaron Burr vice-president.
United States amounted this year to more than ninety millions
'^
of dollars.
1802 Merino sTieep Were introduced into this country byfire broke out in Portsmouth and
Col. David Humphreys.
destroyed about one hundred buildings*
—
—
—
—
—
A
le
�GENERAL VIEW.
74
1803— The Middlesex canal by which the waters of the Merrimack are carried to Charlestown was completed this year.
1805 John Langdon was chosen governor of this state.
Thomas Jefferson president of the United States, and George
—
Clinton vice-president.
1806 June 16th of this year was
—
made memorable by the
which probably ever happened.
To many parts of New-England the sun was totally obscured
The scene was at once beautiful and subfor several minutes.
lime, and yet not to be contemplated without a feeling of dread.
The sky was unusually serene, not a leaf was in motion. Immediately before the extreme darkness all nature seemed vergThe animals felt the change
ing to a state of gloomy repose.
But as the obscuraand hastened to their nocturnal retreats.
most remarkable solar
eclipse
tion gradually left the sun, the quick reanimation of every thing
was proportionably delightful,
—
1807 Bonaparte, by one of his decrees, pronounced every
neutral vessel denationalized and liable to capture, which had
submitted to be searched by an English cruiser or had touched
This was a prelude to the late war.
at an English port.
Great Britain soon issued her orders, condemning to seizure all
our vessels bound to any of the continental ports except
those of Sweden.
—
—
808 This year was the era of the general embargo.
1809 Jeremiah Smith elected governor This year the embargo was removed.
1810 John Langdon elected governor. On the 22d of November was issued the United States* proclamation interdicting
commercial intercourse with Great Britain.
Congress
1812 William Plumer was elected governor.
voted to organize for the useof the government 100,000 militia,
and apportioned the quota of each state.
On the 18th of June of this year war was declared by the
On the 1st of July the
United States with Great Britain.
on the 8th of that month Sandwich
double duty bill passed
m Upper Canada was taken by general Hull. On the 16th general Hull surrendered the American army to the British general
Brock.
On the 1 9th of August the British frigate Guerriere was sunk
by the United States' frigate Constitution under commodore
1
—
—
—
;
—
kHuII.
On the 1 7th of October the United States' sloop of war Wasp
captured the Frolic, and both of them were taken by the English seventy-four, Poictiers.
On the 25th of October the British frigate Macedonian surrendered to the American frigate United States.
�GENERAL VIEW.
76
On the 29th of December the British frigate Java was destroyed by the United States' ship Constitution.
1813— John Taylor Oilman was elected governor of this state.
On the 22d of January general Winchester surrendered to
the British general Proctor at Frenchtown.
On the 13th of February the British sloop of war Peacock
was destroyed by the American sloop Hornet.
On the 27th of April, York in Upper Canada waa taken by
our troops, and general Pike killed.
On the 1st of June the United States' frigate Chesapeake was
taken bv the Shannon, and captain Lawrence was mortally
wounded.
On the 1st of August the British were defeated at Lower
Sandusky by general Harrison.
On the 5th of September the British brig Boxer was captured
by the United States' brig Enterprise. Botli commanders were
killed and were buried at Portland with the honours of war.
On the 10th the whole British fleet on Lake Erie was captured by commodore O. H. Perry.
On the 27th general Harrison's army took possession of
Maiden.
On
the 11th of
November
a division of general Wilkinson's
army, under generals Boyd and Covington attacked the British
General Covington was mortally wounded,
at Williamsburgh.
and the American troops recrossed the St. Lawrence, and went
into winter quarters at French Mills.
On the 22d of December of this year there was another extensive fire at Portsmouth.
1814— On the 22d of March 1200 men under colonel Clark
marched from Vermont, took a piquet guard and returned to
Burlington.
On the 1st of September the British took possession of CasOn the 11th the whole British fleet on Lake Champlain
tine.
was captured by the American commodore M'Donough. On
the same day the British array under general Prevost was defeated with great slaughter at Plattsburgh.
On the 1st of October the U. S. ship Washington of 74*guns
was launched at Portsmouth.
On the 24th the British ship
James, prize to the American privateer Portsmouth arrived at
Portsmouth. The invoice of her cargo in England was one
hundred thousand pounds sterling.
At this time about 3000 drafted militia were stationed at
Portsmouth for the protection of the town and harbour. The
commander in chief Gov. Oilman, took his quarters there in
person.
�GENERAL VIEW.
re
On the
27th of November, a severe shock of an earthquake
about 7 o*clock in the evening.
In December of this year a direct tax of S6,000,000 was imposed by congress, of which !S 193,586 was apportioned to New-
was
felt
Hampshire.
The
spotted fever at this time raged very extensively in ma-
ny parts of the
—
About 400 soldiers had enlisted in this
February and had joined the western army.
state.
state since the last
1815 Jan. 15th. The U. S. frigate President was captured
by a division of the British fleet.
On the 9th of this month a decisive victory was obtained at
New-Orleans by the American troops under general Jackson.
The British lost 700 men killed and 1400 wounded, and 600prisoners.
Gen. Packenham their commander was killed, and two
The loss on our side
other generals were mortally wounded.
was only 8 killed and 9 wounded.
On the 18th of February the treaty of peace was ratified by the
U. S. senate and signed by the president. It was published at
Portsmouth on the morning of the 23d.
On the 27th of June a boat arrived at Concord, New-Hampshire, from Boston by the way of Middlesex canal in three and a
To the enterprise and perseverance of John L. Sullihalf days.
van, Esq. is New-Hampshire indebted for the great and permanent benefits, which must arise from the unobstructed navigation
of the Merrimack.
During the revolutionary war New-Hampshire furnished
about 14,000 men, 4000 of whom perished either in battle, or by
Of the amount of troops supplied by this state in the
sickness.
late war, or of the number lost, no correct estimate has yet been
made.
�GAZETTEER OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE.
PART
A
II.
TOPOGBAPHICAI. DeSCKIFTION OF lACH COUITTT, ToWN, OK ToWNSHIP, ANW liOState and also of its Lakes, Rivers, Ponds, and Mountains,
t^ATiow IN THE
;
together with many other subjects of useful and simitak detail
Alphabetically arhangxd.
AcwoRTH, a post-township
of Cheshire county, bounded
on the N. by Unity, E. by
Lempster, S. by Alstead and
Marlow, W. by Charleston and
Langdon, containing 24,846 aIt was incorporated in
cres.
1776, and has 1523 inhabitants.
Cold-pond, extending about a
mile on the line of Unity, from
60 to 100 rods in width, and
MitcheWs pond, 120 rods long
and 80 wide, are its only ponds
Cold river takes its
of note.
Tise and name from one of the
above mentioned pools
in
N.E. corner of this town.
the
Ac-
worth has two religious societies ; 1 meeting-house for the
—
alii
Charleston turnpike road
Acworth
passes through here.
is 73 miles N. W. by W. from
pel.
Portsmouth.
Adams, a township of Coos
county, situated on the E. side
of the White Mountains ;
bounded N. by unlocated lands,
E. by Chatham, S. by Bartlett,
and W. by said mountains, containing 31,968 acres of land and
In 1800, its population
in 1810, 250 souls.
Two branches of Ellis' river
pass through this town, coming
from the N. and uniting on its
S. border near Spruce mounwater.
was I80,and
tain so called.
Mountain-pond
congregational order, 1 grainmill, 5 saw-mills, 2 mills for
dressing cloth, 2 carding machines, and 1 trading Itore.
brook crosses the S. E. corner
of Adams, taking its rise from
a pool in Chatham, and falling
into Saco river in the town of
Rev. Thomas Archibald
Bartlett.
was
settled in the ministry here in
1789.
Rev. Phinehas Cook
is
the present minister of the gos-
Black, Boldface, and
its three
It has 1
elevations of note.
grain and 2 saw-mills.
Thorn mountains are
�78
GAZETTEER OP NEW-HAMPSHffiE.
Alexandria, a township of
Grafton county, incorporated
in 1782, and containing 409 inJhabitants, is bounded on the
N. W. by Orange
N. E. by
Bridge water, S. E. by NewChester, and on the S. W. by
Danbury. Its N. corner is situate in New-found pond on Hebron line. It contains about
14,000 acrco of land. Smithes
river flows through the S., and
several smaller streams cross
Prithe N. end of this town.
or to 1790, Rev. Enoch Whip;
was settled here. At present there are two religious so-
ple
cieties
without
ordained
an
minister.
It has
4 saw-mills, and
grain-mill,
1
mill
1
for
dressing cloth.
Allenstown,
Rocking-
in
ham
county, situated on the
E. side of the river Suncook,
is
It
has 346 inhabitants.
hounded N. by Epsom, E. by
Deerfield,
S.
by Chester, and
W. by Suncook
river.
Its
W.
corner is on the river Merrimack, 52 rods opposite the
The Sunof division
between Allenstown and Pembroke, the former of which extends over an area of 12,225
acres of land, its growth of
township of Bow.
cook'
wood
is
the line
principally
pine,
the
being light and weak
there are,notwithstanding,some
Cataexcellent farms here.
soil
;
mount hill or mountain is the
Alhighest land in this town.
lenstown has 2 grain-mills and
4 saw-mills. Buckstreet bridge
connects this town with Pem-
broke.
Allenstown^ hitherrb,
has been destitute of a settled
minister or meeting-house.
house of public worship, however, has been recently erected.
It has 3 school- houses,
and winters 536 sheep.
A
Alstead, a township of
Cheshire county, incorporated
in 1763, with a population at
present of 1644 souls, is bounded N. by Acworth and Langdon, E. by Marlow, and S. by
Walpole and Langdon, containing 24,756 acres, of which
300 are water. Here are 2
meeting-houses for congregationalists and 1 for baptists
15
school-houses, 5 saw and S
grain-mills, 1 paper and 1 oilmill, a mill for dressing cloth
and a carding machine. The
is strong and succulent,
soil
producing flax, wheat, &c. in
exuberance. Fruit trees thrive
Cheshire turnpike
well here.
;
intersects the S. W. part, and
the road from Hale's Bridge
passes through the centre of
The largest body of
the town.
water here is WarreJi's pond,250
rods in length and 150 in width.
Cold river traverses the N. E.
angle of Alstead, where it receives the waters of Warren's
pond. Several branches of Ashuelot river have their sources
Rev. Jacob
town.
ordained here over
the congregational church in
1782 dismissed in 1789. Rev.
in
this
Mann was
;
Samuel Mead settled in the
dismissed
same parish 1791
1797 since which time this
parish has had no ordained
;
;
—
�GAZETTEER OF NBW-HAMPSHIRE.
minister.
still
ish
Amherst, formerly
Rev. Levi Lankton
continues in the East par-
where he was
settled
in
Elder Jeremiah Hig1792.
bee has the pastoral care of the
baptist church in this town.
J.H.B.
The average number of
deaths in Alstead from 1807
to 1811, was 2 1 per annum.
79
called
Souhegan West, was originally
granted by Massachusetts and
is a pleasant township in Hillsborough county, incorporated
in
1762.
Its
tion consists
present populaof 1554 inhabit-
Bounded by
Merrimack on the
ants.
the river
E., S. by
Hollis, W. by Milford, and on
the N. by Mount- Vernon and
J.M.& J.H.B.
^LTON, a township in Straf- New- Boston, in lat. 42 « 54' N.
ford county, about 25 miles containing 22,435 acres, 350 of
N.W. from Dover, was incor- which are water. Babboosuck
porated 1796, and reckons 1279 pond, of 300 acres extent, lies
This town has in the N» E. corner of this
inhabitants.
English pond to the
Winnipiseogee lake and bay for town.
N. W. is 160 rods in length
its N. boundary, E. it is bounded by New-Durham, S. by and too in width, its waters
Barnstead, W. by Gilmanton {dXXxngmXo xh^Babboosuck. Souand Gilford. Its surface 35,783 hegan river flows through AmWolfeborough joins herst on the S. and receives the
acres.
waters of Beaver brook coming
Alton on the N. E. corner 1
from Mount- Vernon. Milford
Merry
mile and 216 rods.
meeting bay has a S. declina- and Mount- Vernon were formerly component parts of Am,'
tion of 1800 rods into Alton^
where it receives an excellent herst, from which they were
stream, on which Barker's severed, the former in 1794,
and Wiggin's mills are erected. and the latter in 1803. The
This bay is about 200 rods in centre of the town is a level
width.
Half-moon pondy be- plain of about a half a mile's
tween Barnstead and Alton, is extent,equi distant from the four
300 rods long, and 150 wide. cardinal points, on which a very
pleasant village is
erected.
It has several ponds of less
Here are a meeting-house, a
note.
Its soil is hard and
court-house, jail, school-house,
rocky, adapted to corn and
wheat. White and red oak, several good mill sites, on
beach,maple, pine, and hemlock which are 3 corn-mills, 5 saw-
arc its principal growth.
inhabitants are, for the
part, of the baptist order.
The
mills, 1 mill for dressing cloth,
most
4 trading stores, 3 cotton and
wool manufactories,and 1 print-
Elder John Page was ordained
here 1811. Here are 2 grainmills, 6 saw-mills, and 1 mill
for dressing cloth.
Alton winter! about 250 sheep.
ing establishment. The Aurean Academy, discontinued for
lack of funds, was incorporated
here in 1 790, and was an useful
and flourishing
institution.
A
�GAZETTEER OF NBW-HAMPSHIRE
80
public school was commenced
here 1807, and, with intervals,
has continued ever since. The
town is divided into 9 schooldistricts having 8 school-housThat which is central is
es.
situated near the meeting-house
and is a large and commodious
building.
The
first settlers
of
Amherst were from Billerica
and Middletown, (Mass.) 1 734.
In 1752, it had 7 garrisoned
houses resorted to by the in-
making an average of more
than 81 years to each.
The
oldest native of the town now
residing here, was born in the
year 1 742. So prompt was this
town in furnishing men for the
military service of the United
States that ])revious to the
The
second
turnpike
habitants in times of difficulty
shire
and danger. The first ordained
minister was Rev. D. Wilki»s,
Claremont to
who
visited this place
when
it
consisted of only 14 families.
He was settled in 1741, his being the third ordination in the
county of Hillsborough. Mr.
W. died 1783. The present
pastor, Rev.Jeremiah Barnard,
was settled March 3d, 1780.
The number of deaths here for
33 years subsequent to his ordiThe follownation was 529.
ing instances of longerity have
occurred within these last 20
Deacon Joseph Boutelle,
aged 90 years,and Rebecca, agfd 91, died in 1795. In 1803,
died widow Grace Town, aged
96; in 1805, widow Hannah
Lovejoy in the 102d year of
years.
her age, leaving descendants to
In 1806,
the number of 330.
widow Sarah Burdet, aged 94 ;
first
of April 1777, 120 persons had
engaged, of whom were 2 colonels, 1 major, 5 captains, and 9
subaltern officers.
j.F.
this
New-Hamppasses
from
town.
" Amonoosuck, an Indian
name given to two rivers in N.
Hampshire the one is called
Upper Amonoosuck, passing
:
through a tract of excellent
meadow. It rises near the N.
end of the White Hills, runs
northerly about 15 miles, where
is a carrying place of about 3
miles to Amariscoggin river.
From thence the river runs
S. W. and W. nearly 18 miles,
and empties into the Connecticut at Northumberland, near
the Upper Coos.
The other is
called Great or Lower Am-
onoosuck, which
on
rises
west side of the White
Mountains. It falls into th&
Connecticut just above the
the
in
town of Haverhill, in Lower
Coos, by a mouth 100 yards
wide.
About 2 miles from its
telle,
mouth
1808, widow Hannah Bou95 ; in 1809, widow Sarah Stuart, aged 92; in 1811,
widow Lucy Ellsworth in the
Since
90th year of her age.
the year 1803, have died twenty-f. -e persons, the aggregate
of whose ages amount to 2041,
it
receives
Wild Amon-
oosuck, 40 yards wide, from
Franconia and Lincoln Mountains. Two or three hours rain
raises the water in this last mentioned river several feet, and
occasions a current so furious
�GAZETTEER OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE.
as to put in motion stones of a
foot in diameter, but its vio-
lence soon subsides. "(M.Gaz.)
Androscoggin, or AmeriscoGGiN River, has its sources 35 miles
N. of Errol
in this
and N. of latitude 45°.
Its most northerly branch is
called Margalloway. Its course
This
is S. for nearly 60 miles.
state
river enters the state near the
S. E. corner of the second
Dartmouth
grant
to
where
receives Dead
passing thence through
river.,
college,
also
it
Wentworth's Location into Errol where it mingles with the
waters flowing from Lakt: Umbagog, about one mile from its
outlet.
From
this
juncture
the confluent stream bears the
name of Androscoggin.
Its
course is S. till it approaches
near to the White Mountains,
from which it receives Moose
and Peabody rivers, entering
the District of Maine N. of
Mount Moriah. It then turns
to the E. and then to the S. E.,
in which course through a fertile country it passes within two
miles of the sea-coast, and then
turning N. runs over Pejepscot
or Brunswick-falls into MerryMeeting-Bay, a few miles from
Bowdoin college, and forms a
junction with the Kennebeck,20
miles from the sea. In its course
through Paulsburgh and Mainsborough it passes within 2 or 3
miles of the Upper Amonoo-
suck river.
" Amuskeag Falls, in N.
Hampshire, are on Merrimack
11
81
below the ford,
and 7 below Hookset Falls. It
consists of three pitches, one below the other, so that the water
falls about 48 feet 3 inches in
river, 16 miles
the course of half a mile.
The
second pitch, which may
seen from the roads on the
side
is
truly majestic.
be
W.
In the
middle of the upper part of the
fall, is a high rocky island, on
the top of which, are a
of
pits,
made
number
exactly round,
hogsheads, some
of which are capable of holding
like barrels or
tons; formed by the cir-,
cular motion of small stones,
impelled by the force of the descjt'eral
scending water. At the foot
of the rapids, half a mile below
the principal fall, is a bridge,
556 feet in length, and 20 in
breadth, consisting of 2000 tons
of timber, and made passable
for travellers 57 days after it
" A
was begun." (M. Gaz.)
canal has been formed around
these falls, through which boats
pass with ease imd safety. Prior
to 1670, these falls were much
visited by the aborigines.
The
sachem
Wonolans^t resided
The son of Wonolanset,
here.
engaged in hunting here about
the middle of March, discovered 15 Indians on the other side
who called to him in an unknown language, upon which
he fled, while they discharged
nearly 30 muskf-ts at him with-*
out effect." (Belknap's N.H.)
Andover, a township in
Hillsborough county, incorporated 1779, with a population
of 1259 inhabitants, is bound-
�82
GAZETTEER OF NEW-HAMPSHiRR.
ed N. W. by New Chester, N.
E. by Merrimack river which
disunites it from Sanbornton,S.
E. by Salisbury, and S. W. by
Wilmot with an area of 29,883
acres.
It has several ponds of
water, the largest of which is
Chance pond, in extent 230 rods
and 130 in width. Black Water, a branch of Contoocook
river, flows through the S, W.
Ragged
part of this town.
mountain is partly in this town,
the N. line of both town and
county passing over its summit.
The 4th New- Hampshire turnpike leads through the S. W.
part of Andover where Grafton
Its soil is
turnpike meets it.
of almost every variety, for the
most part broken and stony,
but generally good, producing
good crops of grain andEnglish
On the Pemigawasset
grass.
and Black rivers are excellent
Rev.
tracts of intervale land.
Babcock was ordained here
J.
Here are a meeting1782.
house,10school-houses,2 grainmills, 6 saw-mills,
1
mill
for
dressing cloth, i carding-machine, and 5 trading stores.
Here were wintered last season
4000 sheep. Agreeably to a bill
of mortality furnished by Rf v.
there have died in AridoJ. B.
ver since the year 1782, under
70 years of age, 287 persons,
over 70, 18 persons, over 80,
j.b.
15, over 90, 2.
Antrim, a township in
Hillsborough county, was incorporated 1777, and, in the
year 1810, contained 1277
Bounded N. by Windsouls.
sor and Hillsborough, E. by
the river Contoocook, which
severs it from Deering, S. by
Hancock, and W. by Stoddard
and a part of Nelson, of an area
of 21, 784 acres.
Gregg's pond
400 rods long and 150 wide,
lies in the S. part of the town.
Its waters fall into Contoocook
The soil of Antrim disriver.
plays great inequality of surface, but is generally producThis town annually wintive.
ters about 2000 sheep, and cattle in proportion.
The second
N. H. tuv npike bisects the N.
angle Oi Antrim.
Reverend J,
M. Whiton is their mmister.
Here are a meeting-house, 4
grain-mills,
4 saw -mills, 2 mills
for dressing cloth,
1
carding-
machine, anxl 3 trading stores,
la 1813, 45 persons died of
the prevailing fever.
ASHUELOT
River has
or
a
ASHWILLET
number
of
branches, the most remote of
which is S. of Sunapee mountain in the township of Goshen,
thence running S. through Alstead,
Marlow, Washington,
Stoddard,
where
it
&c.
to
joins with
Swansey,
a
large
stream of water from Keene,
another from the S. line of the
Below Winchester
state, &c.
it runs W. by N. and at length
empties into Connecticut river
in the lower part of Hinsdale.
Atkinson, a township in
Rockingham county, incorporated
1767, containing 55%
inhabitants and 6,839 acres.
Bounded N. by Hampstead,
�GAZETTEER OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE.
83
N.E.by
flowing
hill,
Rumney and emptying
Plaistow, S. by Haver(Mass.) and W. by Salem.
Atiinson was formerly a part
of Haverhill, separated from
it by the state line of demarcation.
Its soil is prolific,
E.
thence
Merrimack
river
at
through
into the
Plymouth
village.
Location
Barker's
and
is
highly pleasant.
It is 30 miles from the maritime town of Portsmouth, and
bounded* N. by Lancaster, E.
by Jefl'erson, and S. and W. by
Kilkenny, and contains 3,090
has an academy which was
founded in
1789, by Hon.
Nathaniel Peabody of Exeter,
who endowed it with 1000 acresofland. John Vose, A.M.
acres.
its
situation
Here are a
is the preceptor.
handsome congregational meeting-house, 1 grain-mill, and 1
saw-mill. " In this township is
a large meadow wherein is an
island of 6 or 7" acres, which
was formerly loaded with valuable pine timber and other
forest
dow
of an
wood.
is
When
artificial
dam,
meameans
the
overflowed, by
this island
with the water, which is
sometimes 6 feet. In a pond
in the middle of the island,
there have been fish, which,
rises
the meadow has been
overflowedhave appeared there,
when the water has been drawn
oflf, and the island settled to its
when
usual place. The pond is now
almost covered with verdure.
In it a pole 50 feet long has
disappeared, without finding
bottom." (Morse Gaz.)
Barnstead,
a pleasant levcounty,
incorporated 1727, and boundel
township
in Straiford
ed as follows, viz. N. E. by
Alton, N. W. by Gilmanton,
S. W. by Pittsfield, and S. E.
by Barrington, containing 26,
000 acres. Here are two ponds
known by the name of Suncook,^
lying contiguous to each other,
one 400 rods and the other 300
long ; also Bundle pond 250
rods in extent.
Each of these
in width will average their me-
dium
lies
length.
on
Alton
Half moon pond
line, its
centre
about equi-distant from the
two towns, 300 rods long and
half as wide.
These ponds all
discharge their waters
into
Suncook river which traverses
the town.
Beaty*s, Pink, Adam^Sy and jfacob^s are small and
nearly circular pools about 100
rods in diameter. The original growth here is pine, oak,
beach, maple, and hemlock.
soil is hard, but not very
rocky, well adapted to the inof corn and grain.
crease
Barnstead reckons 1477 souls
Here are a
for its population.
congregational and baptist so-
The
B.
—
Baker's River. Its most
N. branch has its source in
Coventry, and its most S. in
Orange and Coventry. These
branches unite in Wentworth,
ciety.
Elder David
Knowl-
ton was ordained here in
1
804,
�GAZETTEER OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE.
84
and died in 1809. Enos George
was oidaiued hy a~ congregational council 1804, and is
th»:^ir prestnt teacher*
BarnStead has 2 houses for public
worship, a number of excellent sites for water niachinery,
and already, mills of various
Cattle and sheep are raised
here in large num! cts.
In
1814, were wintered here 5,162
sheep.
Chrystal spar, plumbago, or black lead, iron ore,
alum, and vitriol are found
here.
On the S.E. side of the
town is a cave commonly call-
kinds.
ed the
Bear''s
Den.
Its
mouth
The first
18 inches wide.
course is an angle of descent
of about 20 degrees, then pressing through a narrow passage
of about 4 feet in length and
descending the same track about 9 feet, you enter an
apartment 21 feet in length, 3f
in width, and 12 in height, in
which you find a natural table
2 feet square,smooth and level,
and about high enough to stand
Stepping up
and write upon.
a few feet you then enter another room, 16 feet long, 4
wide, and 10 in height, encircled on each side by a regular
wall of stone. The rocks forming the bottonf of this cave so
exactlv correspond with the
roof, thai one needs no further
evidence that they were once
About a mile S. W.
united.
is
Barrington, a township in
Strafford county, incorporated
1722, and bounded N. E. by
Farmington and Rochester, S.
E. by Madbury and Dover,
S.W.by Nottingham andNorth•\vood, and N. W. by BarnThis town is thirteen
stead.
and a half miles long and half
as
wide, containing 58,4-00 aIt had in 1810, 3,564
cres.
inhabitants.
Here
are a lirge
number of ponds, some of
whose streams afford exctllent
Bo7v pond the largmill sites.
est, is situi'.ted in the S.W.
part of the town, in extent about 650 rods and 400 rods in
waters empty into
source of
Dover river. Bi sides this are
Chesley^Round^Mendum'^s^N^ppo^North river ^Vildgoose^Long\
Auer^s, and Trout ponds^ W.
of the Blue Hilh. The waters
of these ponds discharge into
Suncook river. The first ridge
of Frost hills, commonly c.illed Blue hilis, and one of the
three inferior summits of Agamenticus,is continued through
The N. part of
this town.
Barrington is hilly and broken,
but the soil, for the tnost part
width.
Its
Jsing-lass, a principal
is
excellent,yielding corn,grain,
flax,
cider, &c. in
abundance.
from
this spot,
on the margin
of a pond, is a rock of 150 perpendicular feet above the face
s.b.
of the water.
Here are 3 houses of public
worship, 18 school-houses, 14
grain-mdls,-2 mills for dressing cloth, 3 carding-machines,
and 4 trading stons. The major part of the inhabitants are
of the baptist order, having only one society of a different
denomination in town. Rev.
Joseph Prince was settled over
�GAZETTEER OF NEW-HAMPSHmE.
the congregational church 1755,
Rev. David
removed 1760.
Tenney was settled 1771, reRev. Benjamin
1784, and
Elder Smith Babdied ISIL
co' k, Micajah Of is, and Jo-
moved
Biilch
1778.
was
settled
seph Boody are the present ordaintd prj;acbu rs in this towil.
This town, from its first settlement, has betn very healthy.
Several of the first settlers lived to an advanced period of
more than 100 years.
Bartlett, a township in
the county of Coos, incorporated in 1790, situated at the S.E.
White HUls, bounded N. by Adams, E. by Chath.'im, S. by ungranted land and
Conway, and W. by Chadbourn's and Hart's locations.
angle of the
Its surface is 13,500 acres. Saco river and the 10th N. H.
turnpike road pass through this
town.
lies on
mountain
Kearsarge
E. line.
its
Bath,
a pleasant township
in Grafton county, situated on
the E. side of Connecticut riv-
opposite Rygate in Vermont, 35 miles N. by E. from
Dartmouth college is bounded N. E. by Xittleton, E. by
LandafF, S. W. by Haverhill,
and W. by Connecticut river,
It
containing 24,827 acres.
was incorporated 1769, and
has a population of 1316 souls.
Great Amonoosuck passes the
N. E. corner of BatJi and falls
er
85
Amonoosuck.
The Bath turnpike leads through the town,
and, where the river and turnpike intersect, is a very handsome village. Rev. D. Southerland is their ordained minister. Bath has 1 meeting-house,
3 corn-mills, 6 saw-mills, 1
mill for dressing cloth,
and
lery,
1 distil-
3 trading stores.
Bear Camp River, whose
W.
branch rises in Sandwich
and Burton mountains and
Bear Camp pond^ and whose
W. branch in Eaton. In Ossipee these two branches unite
and fall into Great Ossipee
pond on its W. side.
Beaver Brook, has its
source from a pond in Unity,
and, running W. 8 miles, falls
into Connecticut river in the
upper part of Charleston.
Beaver River, rises from
Derry pond and several other
small ponds in Londonderry,
and passing S. through Pel-
ham,
falls into
Merrimack
riv-
Dracut, opposite the
mouth of Concord river in
Massachusetts.
er
in
;
into the Connecticut at
its
S.W.
corner, near which it first receives the waters of the IVi/d
Bedford,
in
Hillsborough
county, situated on the W.
side of Merrimack river, incorporated in 1750, with a population in 1810, of 1296 souls.
Bounded N. by Goffstown, E.
by Merrimack river, S. by
Merrimack and Amherst, and
W. by Amherst and New-BosIt contains 20,660 acres.
ton.
Piscataquog river falls into the
�GAZl^TTEER OF NEW-HAMPSHIllE.
8t>
Merrimack at the N.E. corner
oi Bedford. Here is a society of congregation alists, over
which Rev. D.M'Gregore was
ordained pastor 1 804. Rev. J.
Houston was their former minister.
Here
is
also a society
of baptists. " Near the ferry
from Manchester to Bedford,
in the spring 1760, were taken
2500 shad-fish at one draught
of a nett." (N.H.Guz.) Here
are a meeting-house, a cottonfactory, 6 grain-mills, 8 sawmills, 1 clothier's mill, 1 carding-machine, and
5 trading
stores.
Blackwater River. The
most norch
called
branch
North brook rises in Danbury,
another branch rises in Wilmot, and a third proceeds from
Pleasant pond in New-London.
The streams unite in
Andover and flowing through
Salisbury and Boscawen fall
into Contoocook river near the
N. angle of Hopkinton.
Blind Will's
Neck,
is
formed by the confluence of
Cocheco and lainglass rivers.
Sometime in March, 1677, a
party of friendly Indians, of
Blind Will was one,
were all surprised together by
a party of Mohawks, and two
or three only escaped.
Blind
Will was dragged by his hair
until he perished of his wounds
on this neck of land which still
whom
Bellamy Bank River
ris-
es in Chelsey ponds,inBarrington, and,
meandering through
the N. part of Madbury, falls
into Piscataqua river on the
VV. side of Dover neck.
beai"s his
Bethlehem,
a
township
Grafton county containing 422
bounded N. by
Coos county line, which separates it from Whitefield, E. by
Bretton Woods and ungranted
lands, S. W. by Franconia and
part of Concord, N. W. by
Littleton, containing 28,608 acres. This town is very mounwatered, and
tainous, well
was formerly known by the
name of Loyd's Hills. The
N. branch oi Great Amonoosuck
passes through the N. part,
and the S. branch waters the S.
part of the town.
inhabitants,
Bloody Point,
Connecticut river.
is
on New-
ington side of Piscataqua river.
It was called Bloody Point
from a quarrel between the agents of the two companies of
proprietors about a point of
land convenient for both, and,
there then being no government Established, the controversy had well nigh ended in
blood.
Boscawen, a township in
the county of Hillsborough, incorporated 1760, having in
1810, a population of 1829
souls.
Bishop's Brook, rises in
and waters a considerable portion of Stewartstown and empties into
name.
in
Bounded N. by
Salis-
bury, E. by Merrimack river,
which separates it from Canterbury and Northfield, S. by Concord and Hopkinton, and W.by
�GAZETTEER OF KEW-HAMPSHIRE.
Warner, containing 32,230 aThe larg^^^st pond in this
town is called Long- pond^ 350
rods in length and averaging 50
cres.
rods in width.
near the centre of
250 rods long and
waters falling into
Great pond^
the town, is
20 wide, its
Black Water
N. edge of WarWater river flows
through this town from Salisbury to Hopkinton, where it
meets the Contooeook. Warner
river crosses the extreme S.
river on the
ner. 0Miack
toll
corner.
bridge
unit&s Boscawen with CanterThe 4th N.H. turnpike
bury.
leads through the N.E. corner
of thi« town. Here are 28
mills for grinding, sawing, fullTheir first
ing, carding, &c.
ordained minister was Phinehas Stevens, who was succeeded by Nathaniel Merrill in
At present there are
1775.
Rev. Messrs.
and Price pastors. Here
are 2 meeting-houses, and at
societies,
Wood
near the river a
with about
forty dwelling-houses, and five
In 1 746, two persons
stores.
were killed and several taken
the bridge
handsome
village
captive and carried to
from
near
Bow.
river
the
Turkey
at
N. E.
part of
About a mile below
Turkey are Garvin's falls ^ now
passable by locks on Bow side.
The Londonderry turnpike
leads from Cdncord through
the E. part of this town, directly to Boston.
Here is a
house for public worship and
an ordained minister of the
regular baptist order.
Here
are 2 grain-mills, 5 saw-mills,
and
1
carding-machine.
A
W.
two
Mtrrimack
falls
ar
this
Canada
town.
Bow,
a township in Rockcounty, incorporated
1729, containing 729 inhabit-
ingham
Bradford,
a township on
of Hillsborough
county, incorporated 1760,with
a present population of 1034.
Bounded N. by Warner, S. by
a part of Henniker and Hillsborough, W.by Cheshire county line, adjoining Washington,
E. by Fishersfield and a corner of Sutton,containing 18,919
acres, 469 of which are water.
At the E. end of this town is a
pleasant pond 500 rods long
and 150 wide.
part of
Todd's pond lies in this town
W.
the
side
A
and the other part in Fishersfield.
These ponds are the
most W. source of Warner's
river. Sunapee and othermountains border on the W. part of
Rev. Caleb Burge
this town.
is
settled here
Here
ties, 1
in the ministry.
two religious sociehouse for public wor-
are
Bounded N.E. by Mer-
ship, 2 corn-mills, 2 sa^t-mills,
rimack river which divides it
from Pembroke, S.E.and S.W.
by Dunbarton, and N. W. by
Concord and part of Hopkin-
1 carding-machine, and 2 trading stores.
ants.
ton,
containing 15,753 acres.
Turkey
river
empties
into
Breakfast Hill,
tov^nship of Rye,
ble
is
In the
m<?mora-
on account of the follow-
�GAZETTEER OF NEW-IIxVMPSHmE.
88
Early in
ing circtimstances.
the morning of June 26th,
1696, a large body of Indians
made
an attack on 5 houses on
a cotton factory with
spindles
in
operation.
falls, is
800
Though
situate in the
Bre7iiwood
edge of
ExThere are two
it is
called the
Portsmouth plains, by which
14 persons were killed on the
eter factory.
scitlpcdand left for dead,
and 4 taken prisoners. The
enemy, having plundered the
houses of what they could car-
congregationalists and baptists,
beside a considerable number
spot,
ry
1
off,
set
them on
fire
and
made
precipitate retreat
a
through the Great Sxvamp.
A
companj'of militia under Capt.
Shatkford and Lieut. Libbey
pursued and discovered them
cooking their breakfast at a
phice ever since called BreakThe Indians were
fust Hill.
on the furthermost side of the
hill and had placed their captives between themselves and
the summit, that, in case of an
attack, they might first receive
the fire ^ Lieut. Libbey urged to
go rotuid the hill and come upon them below and cutoff their
religious societies in this place,
Each order has
of friends.
its
respective house of pubi||| wor-
Nathaniel TrasK was
ordained here 1752, and died
He was suc1780, aged 67.
ceeded by Rev. E. Flin*, who
died 1812
their present minColton, who
ister is Rev.
Elder S.
was settled 1815.
Shephard, recently deceased,
ship.
;
C
had the care of the baptist
church with several others.
Here are 3 corn-mills, 6 sawmills, 1 carding-machine, and
a
trading
store.
Vitriol
is
found here, combined in the
same stone with sulphur.
Bretton Woods,
a town-
Coos county, situated
or 10 miles S. E. from Con-
retreat, but the
Capt. fearing
ship in
in that case they
would
8
necticut
kill
the
rushed upon them
from the top of the hill, by
which means he retook the captives and plunder, but the Inprisoners,
dians escaped.
Brentwood, a township in
Rockingham county, incorporated 1742, contained, in 1810,
905 inhabitants. Bounded N.
by Epping, E. by Exeter, S.
by Kingston, and W. by Poplin,
of a surface of 10,465
a«-
Exeter river, on which
are many good rnill-privileges,
parses through this town. Here,
at what are called Pick-pocket
cres.
1
river,
incorporated
772,having but 20 or 30 inhab-
itants.
It is
bounded N. by
Whitefield and
Jefferson, E.
by ungranted land, S. by the
county line and Nash and
Sawyer's Location, and W. by
the county line which separates
it from Bethlehem, containing
about 24,978 acres.
JohrCs
and Israels rivers receive several branches from this town.
The
Jefferson turnpike crosses
the E. part, and Po7icl Cherry
mountain is on the N. side
Here is
next to Jefferson.
corn-mill and 1 saw-mill.
1
�GAZETTEER OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE.
Bridgewater
on the
W.
is
siiu.ited
side of Pemigexvas-
Grnfton county, incorporated 1788, and contained in 1810, 1104 inhabitants.
set river in
Bounded N. by Hebron and
Plymouth, E. by the county
dividing it from NewHampton, and W. by Netvfoiind ^nd^ dividing- it from
Bridgeivater
New-Chester.
line
The Mahas 19,785 acres.
hc'w turnpike passes near iVi?u'found pondy through the W.
Here is a
part of the town.
meeting-house, and, at the N.
part a village with a number
of mills.
Brookfield,
Strafford
a
county,
township in
about 30
miles from Dover, incorporated in 1795, with a present
population of about 657.
It
bounded N. W. by Wolfeborough, E. by Wakefield, S.E.
by Great Moose mountain^ and
89
12,664 acres, 240 of which are
water.
W.
N.
to
Nissitisset river
through
es
p-.iss-
town from the
W. and falls in-
this
to S.
Nashua
river in
Pepperell,
Massachusetts. Potanipo pondy
through which this rivt-r p tsses, is near the centre of the
town, and about a mile long,
and 120 rods wide. Here are
a meeting-house, 3 corn- mills,
5 saw-mills, and 2 tradmg
Rev. L. Wadsworth,
was or-
stores.
their present pastor
dained 1797.
Burnham's River
Lyman
rises
in
Liulcton ;tnd falls
into the Great Amonoosuck in
iind
New-Concord.
Burton, a township in the
N. W. corner of the county of
Strafford,
incorporated
1766.
conformable to
the, census of 1810, was 194
souls.
It is bounded E. by
W.by Alton, containing 13,000 Conway, N.E. by Eaton^ S. by
CsoPs pond is about Tamworth, W. by Grafton
acres.
300 rods long and 50 wide, and. county line, and N. by the line
of Coos county.
is the source of the W. branch
The White
Smithes
of Salmon Fall river.
mountains lie N. and Whiteriver rises near the former seat face moufitain W.
Swift river
passes through Burton from
of Gov. Wentworth, which is
in the S.W. part of the place,
W. to E.
near the upper line of Brookis
Its population,
jield.
C.
Brookline.
a township
in
Hillsborough ^ounty, incorporated 1784, with a population
agreeable to the census of 1810,
of 538 souls.
Bounded N. by
Milford, E. by Hollis, S. by
Massachusetts state
W.
by Mason.
12
Its
line,
and
area
is
Cambridge, an uninhabited
townshi,) in Coos county, situated at the S. end of Inkf Um-
bagog and bounded N. by ErE.by the District of Maine,
S. by Paulsburgh and Success,
and W. by Dummer.
Incor-
rol,
�GAZETTEER OP NEW-HAMPSHIRK.
90
1773, containing 23,
third
160 acres. Androscoggin river passes through the W. part
of this town.
field.
porated
width
in
Baldwin was
Pemigewasset rirer, incorporated 1761, and containing 873
Bounded N. by
inhabitants.
ed
Mad river^
also to Bether river
which falls into the Pemigewasset^ which latter passes the centre of the town from N. to S.
Crotchet mountain lies on the
W. and Northern mountain on
the E. part ol the town. Campion has a public meeting-house,
and an ordained minister ; 3
grain-mills, 3 saw, and 1 oilmill, 2 mills for cloth dressing,
and 2 carding-machines.
Canaan, a township
in
Graf-
ton county, of an area of 16,
049 acres, was incorporated
Its number of inhabit1761.
ants
is
1094.
Bounded N. by
Dames Gore, E. by Orange
and Grafton, S. by Enfield, and
W. by Hanover. Hart's pond^
situated nearly in the middle of
the town, is about 400 rods
On the
long and 100 wide.
near En-
river
frona
Dorchester passes through this
town. On it are 12 mdls of
various kinds.
Elder Thomas
Camptobt, a township in
Grafton county, situated on
Thornton, E. by Sandwich, S.
by Holderness and Plymouth,
containing 27,892 acres. Two
small ponds here give rise to
lies
Mascomy
settled here
in
remov1790.
Elder
the ministry 1783, and
to
Wheat
Boston
is
their present pastor,
and was settled here 1813.
Candia, Rockingham counwas incorporated 1763.
whole population was, in
1810, 1290 souls.
Bounded
N. by Deerfield, E. by Raymond, S. by Chester, and W.
by the same its area 17,734
branch of Lamprey
acres.
river passes through the N.
corner and the Chester turnpike through the S. W. part of
ty,
Its
;
A
It has 2 houses of
the town.
public worship, one of which
was erected in 1814, and btrrars
the name of liberty unioji meeting house. Here are 3 grainmills, 6 saw-mills, a mUl for
dressing cloth, and a carding-
machine. Rev. David Jewett
was ordained here 1771, and
Their late
removed 1780.
minister. Rev. Jesse Remington, was ordained in 1790, and
died March 1815. Elder Moses Bean has been ordained
here several years over a freewill baptist society.
W.
shore of this pond is the
house of public worship and a
pleasant village, through which
the Grafton turnpike leads.
Goose pond^ lying near Hanover line is about as large as
Hart's pondy also Mud pond
^00 rods in length and one
Canterbury, a township in
Rockingham county, incorporated 1727, contained
in
1810,
Bounded
1526 inhabitants.
N. E. by Gilmanton, S. E. by
Loudon, S. l)y Concord, and
S. W. by IvXerrimack river,
�eAZETTBKR OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE.
which separates it from Boscawf n. This town has 26,245
acres. The soil of this town is
generally good, producing corn,
and cider in ahundance.
bridge over Merrimack river connects this town with
Boscawen village.
small
branch of Suncook river crosses the N.E. corner, and a number of small ponds and streams
water the W. p^rt of the town.
Here are two houses of public
worship exclusive of the quakcr church.
Their present
minister, William Patrick, is
of the congregational order.
A. Foster and F. Parker have
been their former pastors. Elder Young, several years since,
was settled here in the freewill baptist order. On the S.E,
side of the town near Loudon,
is the Shaker^s village^ and as
the head of their family has
furnished the compilers of this
work with a particular account
of their concerns, we take pleasure in giving it in his own
'*
words.
The believers, (or
people commonly called shakers,) in Canterbury h«ve been
in the faith we now profess upwards of 30 years, and have
had one Lord and one baptism^
which is a crucifixion and
death to the nature of sin, and
unites the soul in the spirit
and power of the resurrection
of life.
have united our
flax,
A
A
We
temporal interest in one for
more than twenty years ; except some, who have since misbelieved, or those who did not
choose so to do ; as there is no
compulsion with us in such a
ca?e
:
we
91
live together in love
and union, as brothers and sisters £0 the spirit and not in the
flesh ; and as we believe carnal or self-pleasing gratifications are of, and from the man
of
sin,
who
now
is
revealed,
and is consumed, by the spirit
and brightness of this present^
second^ and last appearing of
Christy in which we believe ;
by which our former heavens
are dissolved, and our former
fleshly elements do melt with
fervent heat, (See 2d
Peter,
iii.
10th.) And we do
rejoice
in
their
destruction,
and by believing and obeying
this faith and revelation of
Christ, we are saved from our
sins, and constantly say Christ
is our Saviour
and by wearj
ing his cross, our motives are
changed and our heaven and
becomes new ; (2 Peter,
iii. 13.) and in this manner of
earth
life
we know in whom we beand who and what is of
lieve,
this world,
"As
(John
vii. 17.)
to marriages,
we
are
all
married to one, even to Christ,
who is in, and is the head of
his bodj^ the church. (Eph. v.
30 32.) But external marriages, for the purpose of grat-
—
or for begetting or
conceiving in sin, or being
shapen and brought forth in
iniquity, we have not an)'.
It
is the children of this wot-ld,
who have the marriages. Luke
xxii. 34, Sec. ; but we labour
to he of those who are duly
qualified. (See Rev. xiv. 14.
Yet we have a plenty of the
young of the flock ; and that
ification,
�GAZETTEER OF NEW-TIAVfPSmBE.
92
scripture
is
which
fulfilled
more
are the children of
the desolate, than of the mar(See Isa. liv. 1.
ried wife.
saith,
.
Psi.
txiii.
29, &c.
''•D
ith
7,
Luke
8.
—The
"
xxiii.
Wc manufacture many art-
which we endeavour to make worth what the
consumer gives for them, such
as linen and woollen wheels,
measures, seives, candlesticks,
brooms, wooden ware, boxes of
wood, whips, cooper set work,
cards for wool and cotton,rakes
and sneads, leather of different
kinds, &c. we also raise garden
seeds, in which we take pains
icles for sale,
souls
who
are
do not die ; and to
the faithful soul, who departs
this life there is no sting ; nor
does the departing this lite
separate us in spirit nor in distance ; for heaven is where
Christ is, and he is in his church,
and that is terrestrial bodies
joined and united to celestial
bodies. (See Heb.xii.22.) But
to answer your mind concernWithin 30 years,
ing deaths.
30 persons, old and young,
in Christ,
—
have departed
ministers of the good oivil authority to which we !i:ive respect, and from whence we derive suport.
this life in
our
propagate the best kind.
" For several years we have
not made use of spirituous liquors except for sickness or into
firmity seeing the evil
society hert-, for whom we do
not mourn, believing they have
on the human race
the fruits of their labours.
"
have generalh' consisted of from 200 to 300 souls in
have not made
Wc
this
village.
Wc
have one
open at all
meeting-house,
times ior public worship,for
all
candid, and well
behaved people; but all who are
otherwise minded, we wish
them in better employ than to
We have 7"
come among us.
civil, discreet,
deacon's office, and a number of workshops, both for brethren and
sisters, and several mills, &c.
on an artificial stream.
"We occupy upwards of 1000
acres of land which is consecrated to the Lord, to all which
we hold a lawful and constitutional right to govern and protect from ail abuse ; and in
that we are assisted by the
dwelling-houses,
;
it
brings
and to
cape another obvious
es-
we
evil
a practice of
it
trusting or being trusted.
believe the above sketches
We
be supportable in
and
to
truth,
if it will answer your purpose
ye will insert it without vary-
ing the sense.
welcome
Ye
are
also
our names.
In
union and behalf of the people
called shakers in Canterbury."
to
FRANCIS WINKLEY.
ISRAEL SANBORN.
t
"
We can say we love one an-
other,
and we do say that our beand sisters at
loved brethren
Enfield, in this state, are nearsame number, and are
ly of the
in the
and
same
faith
and kingdom,
in similar circumstances."
r.w.
i.s.
In April 1752, two Indians,
Sahatis
and
Christie
came
to
�GAZETTEER OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE.
Canterbury, where they were
entertained in a friendly manner for more than a month. At
their departure they forced away two negroes, one of whom
made his escape and returned.
The other was carried to
Crown-Point and there sold to
an officer. The next year Sabatis with another inJian PlowAawa came aguin to Canterbury^ where being reproached for
misconduct respecting the negroes, he and his companion
behaved in an insolent manner.
Several persons treated them
freely with strong drink, and
one pursued them into the
woocls, and taking advantage
killed them
and with the help of another
ot their situation
person
buried
carelessly
that
them, but, so
bodies
were discovered by beasts of
prey and their bones lay on the
ground.
The two men that
killed Sabatis and Ploxvsaxva
were apprehended and carried
their
A
Portsmouth.
bill
was
found against them by the
grand jury and they were confined in irons, but on the night
before the day ap]iointed for
their trial, an armed mob from
the country with axes and
crows forced the prison and
to
carried
them
off in
triumph.
93
ulation was,in 1810^ about 349
inhabitants.
Its
boundaries
are Moultonborough N. E.,
Meredith neck S.E., and the
waters on the S.W., parting it
from Meredith and NewHampton, and N. by NewHoiderness and Squam lake,
having an area of 7,626 acres
of land.
There is a public
house of worship for
all orders
of christians, \ saw-mill, and 1
trading store. Part of Measley
pond lies in the south-west part
of this town.
Chadbourne and Hart's
Location, Coos county* Beginnmg at the S.W. corner of
land granted toMr.VereRoyse,
at a birch tree,
thence running
N. 470 rods, thence
W.
Hills.
Saco river finds a passage through this location, and
a turnpike road crosses it.
It
contains 3000 acres of land,
and is 75 miles N. W. from
Portsmouth.
Charleston,
a
township
Cheshire
county, on the
easterly side of Connecticut
river, bounded N. by Claremont, E. by Unity, S. by
Langdon, and W. by Connecticut river
containing 24,100
acres.
It was incorporated in
the year 1753, and its whole
population in "the year 1810,
amounted to 1501.
bridge
denominated Cheshire bridge
unites this town with Vermont. Nearly opposite to the
town are LovelPs Fort-rouger^
in
;
Centre Harbour,
a township in Straifoid county, situated on the N.W. end of Win,
nipiseogee lake and on the S.
E. end of Squam lake, from
which circumstance it has its
appellation.
It was incorporated 1777, and its whole pop-
285
rods, thence nearly N. till it
meets the Notch of the White
A
�GAZETTEER OF NRW-HAMPSHIRK.
94
and Half-moon
islands.
The
principal settlement is about a
It
half a mile from the river.
is
handsomely built, and con50 dwelling houses, a
tains
court-house,
meeting-house,
and an academy. It contains
two parishes, which are divided by a line running from ChesE. to the
corner of Unity and Acworth.
hire bridge, S. 87**
The meeting-house is in the
north parish, and through this
parish runs the Cheshire and
Charleston turnpike, which is
continued over the river by
Cheshire bridge. The former
ministers in this town were the
Rev. John Dennis, and B. Alcot.
The Rev.
J.
Crosby
is
the present minister.
Charleston contains 4 grain-mills, 6
saw-mills, 2 mills for dressing
cloth, 3 carding machines, 2
oil- mills, a distillery, and 6 retailing shops.
Charleston
has been the
scene, in former years of many
In April,
Indian cruelties.
1746, John Spofford, Isaac
Parker, and Stephen Farnsworth were taken in this town
by a party of Indians and carThey afterried to Canada.
Wtrds returned to Boston with
In the course
% flag of truce.
of the May following, a number of women in this town,
while employed in milking
their cows, guarded by Maj.
Josiah Willard and several sol-
upon by several Indians who were concealed, and who at this time killed one of the number by the
name of Putnam. While the
diers,
were
fired
Indians were scalping Putnam
they were fired upon by Willard and his party.
Two of
them were mortally wounded,
and were carried off by their
companions. Immediately after these bloody affairs, the
Massachusetts assembly sent
to this town Capt. Paine with
a body of men of whom about
20 fell into an Indian ambuscade, while on their way to
view the place of Putnam's
murder. The Indians fired,
and endeavoured to cut off
their retreat.
Capt. Phinehas
Stevens immediately came to
their relief.
A
skirmish ensukilled on
and one of the
ed, in which 5 were
each
side,
Charleston men was
taken.
The Indians retreated, leaving
some of their guns and blanIn June of the same
kets.
year, as captains Stevens and
Brown, and some others were
searching for their horses, their
dogs discovered a party of Indians lying in ambush.
Another
skirmish ensued, in
which the Indians were defeated, carrying off with them several of their killed, and leaving on the ground a quantity
of blankets, hatchets, spears,
and guns. The other side lost
In the same
only one man.
year a person by the name of
Phillips was killed
bv the Indians.
in this
town
In March, 1747, Capt. Phinehas Stevens, with a company
of rangers, consisting of thirty
"
men, came
took
to
this
possession
town and
of the fort,
which they found in a good
�GAZETTEER OF NEW-HA>rPSHIRE
In a few days
they were attacked by a large
jaody of French and Indians,
under the command of a
Frenchman by the name of
Debeline. The Indians took
advantage of a high wind, and
set fire to the surrounding loghouses and fences.
In this
way they encompassed the fort
with flames. They also disState of repair.
charged into the fort a vast
number of burning arrows.
They could not however succeed in setting fire to the
fort, and after having carried
on the siege for two days, uttering all the time their savage
shouts and yells, they loaded a
wheel-carriage with dry faggots, probably intending to set
it on fire and push it to the
Before this
walls of the fort.
attempt was made, Debeline
demanded a cessation of arms
till sunrise the next morning.
This demand was granted. In
the morning, Debeline presented himself before the fort, accompanied by fifty men and a
flag of truce.
He requested
and obtained a parley.
French officer then advanced
with an Indian and a soldier,
and proposed that the besieged should bind up a quantity of
provisions, with their blankets,
lay down their arms, and be
conducted as prisoners to Montreal, and that the two commanders should meet and an
immediate answer be given to
A
Capt. Stevens
accordingly had an interview
with Debeline, who without
waiting for an answer, renewed
this
proposal.
his proposal,
95
accompanying
it
with a threat, that if his terms
should be rejected, or if any
one of his party should be killed, he would storm the fort
and put all therein to death.
Capt. Stevens answered that
nothing but extremities should
force him to accept such terms,
that he was entrusted with the
possession of the fort, and
would not surrender it until he
was convinced that the besiegers could execute their threats,
adding, that he had no encouragement to surrender if all his
men were to be put to death
for killing one of the enemy,
when it was probable they had
already killed many. Debeline
replied,
" go and see
if
your
"men dare fight any longer, and
give mean immediate answer."
Capt. Stevens accordingly put
the
question
his men,
to
whether they would fight or
surrender. They unanimously
determined to
fight.
This was
communicated to the enemy,
who renewed and continued
the attack all that day and the
following night, accompanied
with shouting and yelling. On
the morning of the third day
they requested another cessation of arms for two hours.
Two Indians came to Capt.
Stevens with a flag of truce
and proposed, that if he
would sell them provisions,
they would depart. Capt. Stevens answered, that to
sell
them provisions was contrary
to the laws of nations, but offer-
ed to pay them five bushels of
corn for every captive for
�GAZETTEER OF NEW-HAxMPSHlUE.
96
whom
they would give an hosthe captive could be
brought from Canada. After
the communication of this answer, a few guns wt;re fired,
and the enemy departed.
tage
till
No
fort
lives were lost in the
and only two men were
Commodore Sir
wounded.
Charles Fnowles was so highwith the conduct
of Capt. Stevens, that he presented him with an elegant and
From this
valuable sword.
circumstance relating to Sir
Charles, the township was incorporated by the name of
Before its incorCharleston.
poration it was called No. 4.
The next spring Capt. Stevens was again appointed to
command at No. 4. with a garrison of a hundred men.
In the year 1749, near the
close of this war and after the
garrison was withdrawn, except 15 men, Obadiah Tortwell was killed, and a son of
captain Stevens was captured
ly gratified
and carried
to
Canada.
At the
war he was
and sent home.
expiration of the
set
at liberty
in the year 1749. In
the begi«ning of the year 1754,
this devoted town was again
visited bv the savages. In August the)' broke into the house
of James Johnson early in the
morning before any of the famThey seized
ily \\^ere awake.
upon him and his three sons.
The Indians however tarried
This was
the next day on acoount of
the situation of Mrs. Johnson,
who 'was then delivered of a
till
daughter, to
whom
the
name of
Captive was given. The whole
lam ily were then carried off without bloodshed.
Mrs. Johnson
was placed ou a litter, and sometimes on horseback.
Provisions soon falling short the Indians killed the horse, and
even the infant was driven to
nourishment.
to Montreal,
where Johnson obtained leave
to return home on a parole of
two months. The assembly of
New-Hampshire granted 150/.
sterling to purchase his ransom.
The severity of the winter
compelled him to defer his return to Canada till the next
spring.
He was charged with
breaking his parole, was deprived of a large part of his
horse-flesh for
its
They proceeded
money,
and
was
cast
into
prison together with his famiwhere the small-pox atly,
After eighteen
tacked them.
months, Mrs. Johnson with
her sister and two children
were sent to England, and
from thence they returned to
Mr. Johnson was deBoston.
tained three years in prison,
when he was released and
went with his son to Boston.
Ke there met his wife, and
was again imprisoned, being
of treasonable decountry, but
was soon discharged for want
of evidence. His eldest daughsuspected
signs against his
ter
was retained in a Canadian
Mrs. Johnson as-
nunnery.
serts in
her narrative that her
eldest daughter Susan returned
a few days before the surren-
der of Montreal, and she vxher gratitude to the
presses
�GAZETTEER OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE:
9r
who had
the S., Grafton county on the
treated her daughter with great
kindness by adopting her as
N., and Hillsborough county
on the E. It contains in land
and water, 763,860 acres. Its
two Miss Jasson's
their child
and keeping her
at
Captive,
who is still living, afterwards
married Col. George Kimball,
and Susan married Capt. Samuel Wetherbee.
In 1755, a number of cattle
in this town were killed by the
number of townships
Indians, and in 1760, the famwere
ily of Joseph Willard
captured and carried to Mont-
Bounded N. by Oilman
Warner's location and
Mount Royse, E. by the state
line, S. by Conway, and W. by
Bartlett and Adams. It contains
A pond in this
2,856 acres.
town, called Mountain pond^ is
200 rods long and 40 wide
dressing cloth, 9 oil-mills, 7
cotton and 5 woollen factories,
23 carding-machines, 2 papermills, 69 trading stores, and
15 distilleries.
In 1813, this
county contained 28 stud-horses, 5,771 horses of 5 years old,
498 of 4 years old, 5,169 oxen
of full growth, 2,930 of 4 years
old, 14,317 cows, 9,632 cattle
of 3 years old, and 1,891 acres
of orchard land.
The chief towns in Cheshire
county are Charleston and
The superior court
Keene.
and the courts of common pleas
KimbaWs pond^
sit in
school.
Her daughter
real.
Chatham,
a
township
Coos county, incorporated
1767, containing 201
in
in
inhabit-
ants.
and
;
in the S.E.part
of the town, is about 250 rods
long and 240 wide. Kearsarge
mountain lies in the S.W. part
of the town on Bartlett line,
Thir> town contains 2 saw-mills,
1 mill for
dressing cloth,2 corn-
and a carding-machine.
Chatham is about 10 miles
in length from north to south,
Its
and four miles in width.
direction
from the White
mountains is east, 8 miles dis-
six,
and
mount
to
its
is
thirty-
inhabitants
41,042
of
a-
whom
It has
7,478 are legal voters.
52 houses for public worship,
2 academies, 109 grain-mills,
155 saw-mills, 46 mills for
these towns alternately,
and the probate court holds
three sessions in each of these
towns every year. This county sends Z5 representatives to
the state legislature, and there
is a gaol in each of the shire
mills,
towns.
tant.
Chester, a township in
Rockingham county, bounded
N. and E. by Raymond, Candia, and AUenstown.
E. by
Poplin and Sandown, S. by
Cheshire County
lies
on
the easterly bank of Connecticut river, and is bounded by
the state of Massachusetts on
13
Londonderry, and W.by Manchester and Merrimack river.
It contains
49,054 acres, of
which 962 are water. Chester
was
incorporated
in
1722,
�GAZETTEKR OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE.
9li
and
contains
2,030
inhabit-
ants.
3Iassabesick /»(?«f/, containing
1,512 acres is situnted in the
westerly part of this town, a
portionofit however is in ManThis pond is almost
chester.
equally divided by a narrow
strait, over which the LondonIn
derry turnpike passes.
Merrimack river, near the
north-westerly partoftliis town,
is situated the Isle of Hookset
Beaver brook has its rise
falls.
in
this
town and
tails
into
Merrimack river. So also does
one branch of Exeter river
which passes into Hiwke.
Another branch of Exeter river
passes the northeasterly corner
of this town. Chester contains
23 mills of various kinds. It
has a coiigregution,^l meetinghouse, an academy, 60 dwelling-houses, 6 retailing shops,
and one edifice for presbyterian worship. The Rt v. Messrs.
Hale, Fhigg, and Wdson were
The
formerly settled here.
Rev. N.Bradstreet is the present minister.
Rattle-snake hillKn this town
Its diis a great curiosity.
ameter is half a mile, its
form is circular, and its height
400 feet. On the south side
10 yards from its base is a
cave called the Devil's den, in
is a narrow apartment,
15 or 20 feet squart, the flooring and ceiling of which arc
formed by a regular rock.
From the wall of this apartment there are depending numerous excrescences, bearing
the form and size of pears,
which
^
which upon the approach of a
torch throw out a sparkling
innumerable hues.
2d of July,ir64, Mr.
Jam-.-s Shirley of this town,
while wiilkmg by the side of his
horse, which was led by anlustre of
On
other
the
was
person,
instantly
The
killed by lightning.
flash
was observed by persons at the
distance of a number of rods
to fall upon his head.
It tore
his hat into fragments, singed
and entered his head
just over his right temple.
It
is remarkable, that the moner
his hair,
pocket was melted, and
which were of steel
were broken. His horse was
killed although the person who
led him, escaped with slight inin his
his buckles,
jury.
In the course of the year
1724, a party of 5 Indians entered Chester and seized upon
2 persons by the names of
Thomas Smith and John Curr.
When they had brought them
oflf about 30 miles, they bound
them and laid themselves down
to sleep.
The
prisoners seiz-
ed this opportunity to escape,
and in three days arrived safely at a
garrison in
London-
derry,
Chesterfield,
a township
county.
It was
incorporated in 1752, and in
1810, its population amounted
to 1830.
It is situated on
Connecticut river opposite to
in
Ch.;.hire
Dummerston in Vermont. It
bounded N. by Westmore-
is
land,
S. E. by
Swansey and
a part of Kecne, S. by
Win-
�6AZETTEER OF NEWHAMPSHIRE.
Chester and Hinsdale, and
W.
by Connecticut river.
This
town contains a pond of
526 acres, called Spafford^s
in the S. W. part of
the town is a port of West rivThe soil of this
er mountain.
pond^ and
town is of varioi>s qualities,
and its surface is rough. It
produces different kinds of
grain, and is well suited to
pasturing,
grass,
The
&c.
Rev. Abrahann Woccj, a congregational minister, was or<lained in this town D c. 3 1st,
1772, and is still settled there.
This town contains a baptist
society, which however is destitute of a public house of wor-
The
ship.
but
village here is small,
contains an academ)-,
it
which is supported by its tuition money, subscrip'iions, and
donations.
yearly
Its
age number of students
There
40-
also a cotton factory
is
in this town,
porated
averis
in
which was incor-
1809, ana has in op-
Besides
eration 844 spirdles.
this, there are 2 distilleries, 4
grist-mills, 7 saw-mills, 2 mills
for dressing cloth, 2 cardingmachines, 5 shops, and 10
school-houses.
West river mountain, which
is partly in this town, is of
some note. , In the year 1730,
the garrison at fort Dummer
was frequently alarmed by explosions heard from this mountain, attended by the emission
of columns of smoke. Similar phenomena have been noticed at various subsequent periods.
There are two places
about this mountain where the
99
rocks bear evident traces of
h .ving been heated imd calcined. (See Belkiiap, Vol. III.)
Chichester, a township in
Rockingham county, is bounded N. E. by Pitts-field and Epsom, S. W. by Pembroke, and
N. W. by Loudon and a part
of Concord. It was incorporated in 1727, and contains 11,978
acres
and 951 inhabitants.
Suncook river flows through the
easterl}' pat of this town, into
which xw^x a sm;dl stream
falls from the western side of
the town.
In this town are 7
water mills. The New-Hampshire turnpike passes through
here to Concord. The settle-
ment of this town was commenced by Mr. Piul Morrill
in the year 1758.
The soil of
Chichester is exct Ih ntly adapted
to the cultivation of rve, corn,
and wheat.
The only high
ground of importance here is
Bear hill, situated in the N.
part of the town, the sides of
which are covered with a rich
and cultivated
soil.
In 1801, a turnpike was cut
through the woods which then
covered
nor
There were
no houses here,
agriculture com-
this spot.
at that time
had
menced
its progress.
Since
time 12 dwelling-houses
have been .erected within the
space of 2 miles. The land is
now divided into lots and fenced,and a large portion of it is al-
that
ready improved and well cultivated.
There is only one religious society in this town,
and of this the Rev. Josiah
im
�GAZEITRER OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE.
100
Carpenter
is
is
the minister.
He
and was
1791, and is the
a congregationalist
ordained in
only minister ever settled here.
meeting-house
the
Besides
In
there are 5 school-houses.
various parts of the town are
still to be seen traces of Indian
Marks of corn
settlements.
plantations, and the ruins of
wigwams were
easily discov-
ered on the banks of Suncook
river, and several Indian hatchets were ploughed up near the
present site of the meetinghouse by one of the first settlers, captain
Samuel
Lang-
maid.
Claremont, a township on
Connecticut river in the counIt was incorty of Cheshire.
porated in 1764, and in 1810,
it contained 2,094 inhabitants.
It is bounded N. by Cornish,
E. by Newport, S. by Unity
and Charleston, and W. by the
There are here 2 ferries
across the Connecticut extending to Weathersfield in Ver-
river.
There is 1 congregational
and 1 episcopalian society in
this place, over the former of
which Rev. S.Farley, and over
the latter Rev. C. Barber are
ordained.
Their predecessors
were the Rev. G.Wheaton, A.
Hibbert, and R. Casait.
Besides these two societies, the
methodists have here a public
s.f.
house of worship.
D. D.
Clear Stream River
the northerly extremity of Millfield.
Passing thence through
the centre of the town of Errol, it falls into Ameriscoggin
river three miles S. of Umba-
gog
lake.
COCHECHO orDoVERRlVER
has its source among a number
of small ponds in the town of
New-Durham. It thence takes
a southerly direction through
the towns of Farmington and
Rochester, where it unites with
its southern branch, called Is-
mont, called Ashley's and SumHubbard^s islner's ferries.
and^ just below Ashley's ferry
is 240 rods long and 40 wide.
Sugar river passes through
this town and supplies many
valuable mill seats, on which
are erected 3 grain-mills, 3
saw-mills, and 3 mills for
dressing cloth, 1 carding-machine, 1 paper-mill, and 1
to the
From this
inglass river.
oil-mill.
ris-
mountains on the W.
side of thetownofDixville,near
es in the
place
main stream passes through
Dover, where it falls into Newichawannock or Salmon fall
the
river, thence to Hilton's point
where
meets
southern
the
it.
From
branch
this junction
which is 8 miles
the course of this
river is rapid and never freezsea,
distant,
es.
The second NewCoLEBROOK,
a township in
Hampshire turnpike passes
from Amherst through this
Coos county.
town.
rated in 17/0, and
It
was incorpo-
now
con-
�GAZETTEER OF NEW-HAMPSHIRB.
It lies
tains 325 inhabitants.
on Connecticut river 40 miles
N. of Lancaster. It is bounded N. by Stewartstown, E. by
Dixville, S. by Columbia, and
W. by the river, and contains
25,056 acres. This town is
watered by Mohawk river and
Beaver brook. It has 1 meeting-house and an orduint-d
minister.
It
contains a grain-
mill, "a saw-mill, 2
dressing cloth,
chine,
and
1
mills
for
carding-ma-
oil-mill, a distillery,
1
1 retail store.
101
Colebrook, E. by Dixville and
Erving*s location, S. by unappropriated lands and Stratford,
and W. by Connecticut river.
It contains 32,800 acres. Sims
stream and Cole brook lise in
this town and empty themselves
here into Connecticut river.
Roaring brook falls into the
same river near the lower extremity of this town.
There
are here several mountains of
a considerable size, and a number of small ponds. This town
contains 1 grist-mill, 2 saw1 mill for dressing cloth,
1 trading store, and 1 distilleThis place was formerly
ry.
mills,
Cold River
pond
in
rises in Cold-
Acworth, whence
its
most northerly branch flows,
and its most southerly flows
from Alstead. These branches
unite in Walpole, where the
main stream falls into Connecticut river.
College Lands, a tract of
land granted to the trustees of
Dartmouth
college by the state
It lies on
Connecticut river N. of Stewartstown and contains 40,960
Two streams called
acres.
Dead water and Cedar stream
pass through this tract.
It
lies 130 miles N., 9° W. from
Portsmouth.
In 1807, the
legislature in 1789.
legislature
made
to the college
another grant of land lying on
the easterly border of the state
containing 23,040 acres, equal
to 6 square miles.
This tract
lies N. 5° W., 123 miles from
Portsmouth.
Columbia, a township in
Bounded N. by
Coos county.
called
Cockburn.
Concord
is
in
Rockingham
county.
It lies on both sides
of Merrimack river, was incorporated in 1765, and now
contains 2,393 inhabitants.
It
is bounded as
follows, beginning at the junction of the Suncook and Merrimack, it runs
up the Suncook to Loudon,
thence N. 47° W. 810 rods',
and N. 21i° W. 700 rods to
Canterbury, thence on the same
course 191 rods, thence S. 72°,
W. 1370 rods across the junction of the two rivers, and by
Boscawento Hopkinton, thence
S. 20" W. 2279 rods to Bow,
thence on the same course
binding on Bow 32 rods,thence
N. 70° E. 1222 rods to Merrimack river, thence down said
river to the boundary first
mentioned. It contains 40,919
acres, 1710 of which are waThere are four ponds
ter.
in
this
town,
Turkey pondy
�GAZETTEER OF NEVV-HAMPSHIUE.
10*2
the source of Turkey river,
containing about 1000 acres,
Long pond contaimn^ about420,
Turtle pond containing about
240, and Horse-shoe pond containing about 50 acres, the waters ot which fall into the Mei'-
The Rev. Timothy
Walker was ordained in this
town in 1730, and died in
1782, aged 78 years. The Rev.
Israel Evans was ordained here
in 1789, and removed soon afThe Rev. Dr. Asa
terwards.
M'Farland is the present minrimack.
ister.
Concord is pleasantly situated on the banks of the Merrimack about 8 miles above
Hookset falls. The state legislature have for many years
held all its sessions here, and
from its central situation and
thriving back country. Concord
made
ing-houses, a spaciousmeetinghouse, 3 printing-offices, 20
and several mechanics
The village in the N.
shops.
E. part of the town contains 28
dwelling-houses, 2 stores, a
distillery, and
several mills.
The whole town contains 5
grain-mills, 8sdW-mills,4 mills
for dressing cloth, 2 cardingmachines, and a nail-factory.
The N. H, state prison is in
It is strongly built
this town.
of stone, and in November
1816, it contained ZO prisonThe first settlement of
ers.
this town commenced in 1685.
Jonathan Tyng with 19 other
persons purchased of the Indians a tract of land on both
sides of the Merrimack river,
6 miles in breadth, from Sowhegan river to Winnipiseogee lake,
stores,
and.
Mason by deed confirmed
the permanent capital of the state.
Proposals are already made for
the purchase. In August of the
same year the Indians gathered
erecting a state house here.*
families.
will probably be
One handsome
toll-bridge
Merrimack connects
town with Pembroke, an-
across the
this
other crosses the river near the
northerly extremity of the
town, over which the N. H.
turnpike passes.
The Indian name of this
town was Penacook.
granted by
When
Massachusetts
it
The
Rumford.
compact part of the town which
was
called
on the mainstreet contains about 200 dwell-
lies
principally
• These proposals were accepted by
the legislaUire in November 1816, ami
the state house is soon to be erected
of handsome stone.
and removed their
this conduct they
gave considerable alarm to
In
their English neighbours.
their corn
1
By
746, a party of Indians lay in
ambush
in this
town with an
intention to attack the people
while at public worship, but
observing them go armed to
their devotions they waited till
the next morning, at which
time they killed 5 and took "2,
prisoners.
In 1747, July 28th, the Indians again appeared in this
place and made some depredaThey
tion among the cattle.
were pursued by 50 of the English, and they retreated with
great precipitation,leaving their
�GAZETTEER OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE
packs and blankets behind them.
One man only was wounded
About the same
in the arm.
time a person was killed there
who had just returned from
Cape-Breton after an absence
of two years.
On the 20th of March, 1772,
died in this town Benjamin
Rolfe.
He was one of the
who adventured their
first
lives in a land of savages with
the intention of forming an English settlement at Concord,
then called Penacook and at a
distance of nearly 40 miles
from any civilizt^d habitation.
known
the
title
employed
lord
town
life.
in the
early
The town was
Germaine,
who was
then one of the secretaries of state, and who eventually
procured for him a colo-
nels commissicJn.
ing in the British
While; serv-
army he
dis-
•overed such talents for projecting military improvements,
so much mental activity and
enterprise, and such acute discernment in practical philosophy^ that his celebrity extended through foreign countries,
and attracted the attention of
the reigning duke of Bavaria,
who
mand."
During a residence of several years in Bavaria, he was
conspicuous for his unwearied
and successful
efforts to
ame-
the condition of the
poor and particularly to annihilate the evil of common beggary by providing the beggars, (a
class of people with which that
liorate
countrj;
swarmed)
with
em-
food.
(bet-
world under
Here he
then called Rumford.
married Miss Rolfe. In 1775,
he went to England, and was
of
and economy among
under his com-
troops
George
this
part of his
discipline
the
as clerk in the office
Thompson
to the
of Connt Rumford) set-
tled in
he soon signalized himself "fey
introducing a new system of
ployment and the cheapest aliment. All this time his active
and sagacious mind suggested
a variety of improvements favourable to manufactures, domestic economy, and comfort.
He particularly improved the
construction of chimneys and
stoves, and made many interesting and beneficial experiments on heat, cookery, and
Benjamin
ter
103
oflPered
Col.
Thompson
a
preferment
in
his service,
which he accepted in 1784.
Raised by this prince to the
rank of Lieut. Gen. of horse
On his leaving the German
service the duke of Bavaria
created him a count, his title
by his own choice, was taken
from the town (Rumford)
where he spent his youth.
After leaving Bavaria count
Rumford passed most of
his
time in Great Britain, where he
received the honour of knighthood and enjoyed an uncommon share of public and private respect.
By steadily directing his extraordinary talents to the promotion of the
daily comfort and general welfare of the human family he
made every civilized being his
debtor, and, while he has re-
�GAZETTEER OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE.
104
fleeted signal honour upon his
native land, his well merited
fame has extended itself over
a large portion of the globe.
He
died in Autencil in France
in the year 1814,
Concord
in
aged
sixty.
Grafton county,
was incorporated in 1768, and
was formerly called Gunthwait.
Its
It is a flourishing town.
population has nearly doubled
within the last 10 years, and
in 1810, it amounted to 1126.
Tke value of property here
has increased with the same
It is bounded N.E.
by Littleton and Bethlehem,
S. E. by Franconia, S. W. by
Landaff, and N. W. by Lyman,
and contains 29,130 -icres.
There are here several ponds,
viz. Minksy Straters^ &c. Two
rapidity.
branches of the Great Amonoosuck meet in this town and
An iron facpass through it.
tory lies on the eastern border
of the town, adjacent to FranLarge quantities of
conia.
lime-stone are found here, and
large kilns are already erected,
in which are burnt 400 hogsheads yearly. All the iron ore,
which supplies two furnaces, is
dug from a quarry situated in
the S.E. part of the town, about
distant from the fur-
4 miles
naces.
1
There are
in this
town
meeting-house, 3 corn-mills,
5 saw-mills,
1
mill for dressing
There
and an oil-mill.
is
here a free will baptist
church, over which Elder J.
Quimby was ordained Septemcloth,
ber, 1800.
its
Connecticut River has
source among the high
which separate the
United States from Lower
Canada. One of the princi-
lands,
pal parent streams of this river
is called Indian stream, which
runs nearly in a straight line
from
its source to its junction
with the main branch.
The
most northerly branch is called Hall's stream, which, with
Perry's stream and several
others from the west, form in
conjunction one grand river
near the 50th degree of N. lati-
tude on land granted to Dartmouth college.
It has been
surveyed about 30 miles beyond the 45th degree of N. latitude to the head of its northwestern branch, and is settled
nearly all the distance to its
Its general course S.
source.
S.W. along the western border
of New-Hampshire, (between
that state and Vermont) about
170 miles, it then passes into
IVJassachusetts.
Connecticut river
in
its
course between New-Hampshire and Vermont from the
45th degree of latitude passes
between Stewartstown in NewHampshire and Canaan in Vermont, thence between Colebrook and Lexington. Here
the river bends considerably
to the E. as if to give place to
Monadnock mountain, which
shore in
lies on Lexington
receives Moopposite to this
mountain, and Jacob's brook a
Here the
few miles below.
Vermont.
hawk
river
It
�GAZETTEER OF NEWHAMPSHIRE.
river again takes a westerly
inclination and flows between
Columbia and Minchead to
Stratford opposite Brunswick
in Vermont.
At this place
Nohegan river falls into the
Connecticut from the upper extremity of Brunswick, and
Pauls stream from the lower
corner of the same town. The
river here bends to the east
on the border of Northumberland, where it receives the upper Amonoosuck, at a great
bend opposite the lower extremity of Maidstone.
From
this point its course is very
crooked to the upper part of
Lancaster, where there Is a
bridge leading to Guildhall in
Vermont. Five or six miles
below this, Israel river empties itself,
passing from Lan-
caster village falls, 3 miles above the Catbow. At Catbow
the river inclines to the west,
and passes between Dalton to
Lunenburgh, where the 15
miles falls commence.
At this
place John's riv^r empties itself from Dalton, and Neal's
brook from Lunenburgh. Here
the river makes a westerly
bend, receiving Mile's river
and passing between Litdeton
and Concord, where there is a
bridge built over the falls. It
has thence a southerly course
between Bath and Rigate,
where the Great Amonoosuck
empties itself at the lower extremity of Bath opposite the
mouth of Wells river, which
passes from Newbury, Vermont. Between Haverhill and
Newbury, the river is crook-
14
105
ed, passing under three bridges, and
rtceiving Oliverian
river from the east and a small
stream from the west at the
Great Ox-bow. As it thence
flows between Piermont and
Bradford, it receives two large
miil-streams and Wait's river
from the
latter place,
and two
small mill-streams from the
former.
It thence passes on
through Orford and Fairlee,
Lyme and Thelford to Grant's
island near the line of Windsor
A
county, Vermont.
bridge
over the falls just below Dart-
mouth college unites the towns
of Hanover and Norwich, and
another bridge four or five
miles below, near the mouth of
Mascomy
river from NewHampshire and White river
from Vermont, connects the
towns of Lebanon, N. H. and
Hartford, Vt. Between Plainfield and Hartland is a small
island
calle
!
Hart's
island,
where Queechy river and Lull's
brook empty themselves from
Vermont. From Hart's island
the river keeps nearly a straight
between Cornish and
Windsor, till it reaches the
mouth of Sugar river at Cl.reTwo very good millmont.
streams empty themselves from
Windsor and several from
course
Weathersfield opposite ClareThe mouth of Sugar
river is several miles below
Asculrey mountain^
As the
river flows on between Charleston and Springfield, it receives
mont.
Black river from the latter
town and Williams river from
Rockingham. It thence pass-
�GAZETTEER OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE.
lOii
es between Walpole and the
lower part of Rockingham,
where the great falls commence, now known by the ap-
flows along the lower extremity of Walpole, from which
town Cold river empties it-
The
and from Westminster,
which lies opposite, Sexton riv-
width of the river above them
is at some point 22 rods, at
er falls in with several other
small streams.
It thence pass-
pellation of Bellows' falls.
more than 16. The
average depth of the channel
is about 25 feet, and is generally well supplied with water.
It is said, however, that ia
September, 1792, after a severe
drought, the waters of this river passed within a space of
twelve feet wide and two and a
large rock
half feet deep.
here divides the stream into
two channels, each about nineWhen the water
ty feet wide.
is low, the eastern channel is
dry, being crossed by a bar of
At such times
solid rock.
the whole stream falls into the
western channel, where it is
contracted to the breadth of
fefteen feet, and flows with asothers not
A
There are
tonishing rapidity.
several pitches within the distance of half a mile above
each other, the largest of which
is that, where the rock divides
Notwithstanding
the stream.
the violence of the current
here, the salmon pass up the
falls and are taken many miles
above, but the shad do not pass
falls.
In 1784, a
bridge of timber, constructed
by Col, Hale was projected
beyond the
falls 365 feet in
This bridge was supported by the great central
rock, and under it the highest
floods pass without doing injuThe river from this place
ry.
over
these
length.
self,
es
Westmoreland which
lies
opposite to Putnam and Dummerston, thence it flows by
Chesterfield situated opposite
to Brattleborough, where it receives
Wantoostilqueck
of
West
river.
Between
Hins-
New-Hampshire and
Hinsdale in Vermont is a remarkable bend, where Ashuedale in
empties itself. The
Connecticut a few miles below
this point passes over the S.
line of New- Hampshire into
Massachusetts.
Its passage
through the county of Hampshire waters some of the most
pleasant towns in the commonwealth, such as
Springfield,
Hadley, Northampton, &c. It
thence enters the limits of
Connecticut, passes over Enfield falls, thence to Windsor,
lot river
it receives Windsor ferry river, thence to Hartford,
where it meets the tide and flows
in a crooked channel into Long
At the distance
Island sound.
of 130 miles from its mouth, its
width is from 80 to 100 rods.
The whole length of this beau-
where
bordered on each
banks with some of the
most flourishing towns in the
Throughout
United States.
its whole course, it preserves a
distance of between 80 and
too miles from the sea. The
whole distance of this mag-
tiful river is
of
its
�GAZETTEER OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE.
nificettt
to
stream from its month
above oOOiHilrs.
its soiiice is
The
celebrated
American
poet,
Barlow, thus compliments
Ha watery gleams through happier
JTor drinks the sea a loreJier
villas
wave than
CoNTOocooK, a very
river in
erable
it
shine—
thine,
consid-
Hillsborough
Great Monadnock mountain in
andRindge,and its most
northerly branch flows from
Danbury, Wilmot, &c. at a disJafFrey
more than
each
from
fifty
miles
These
other.
streams after receiving tribute
from almost every pond and
spring in Dublin, Peterborough,
Nelson, Stoddard, WashingFishersfield, Bradford,
ton,
Hillsborough, Antrim, WarNew-London,
Sutton,
ner,
Salisbury, Boscawen, and several other towns, form a junction in the northerly corner of
Hopkinton. The main stream
passing easterly from this place
8 or 9 miles falls into the
Merrimack between Concord
The Contooand Boscawen.
cook is a very rapid river and
at a distance of 10 or 12 miles
from
its
wide.
mouth
is
Just before
itself into
branches
the
itself
100 yards
it
empties
Merrimack
ber, being fatigued
and apprehending no danger laid them-
down
selves
to
sleep.
The
woman
;
Its most southerly
county.
branch has its rise near the
tance of
107
it
and forms an
which has some celebrispot where a
Mrs. Dustin performed a very
This woman
heroic exploit.
had been captured by the Indians in Haverhill, Massachuisland,
ty as being the
setts,and carried to this island.
The Indians, 8 or 10 in num-
seized one of their
tomahawks and with it killed
and scalped the whole party,
took their canoe and returned
down the river to Haverhill.
She afterwards carried the
Boston and was liberrewarded.
scalps to
ally
Conway, a township situated in the N. E. corner of Strafford county. It was incorporated in 1715, and 1810 it
contained 1080 inhabitants. It
is bounded N. by Chatham and
Bartlett, E. by the line of the
District of Maine, which separates it from Fryburgh, S. by
Eaton, and W. b)' Burton and
Hale's grant, containing 34,7'28
It was called by the InPigrvackeU
small
part of Walker* s pond and Little Pi^xvacket pond lie
in this
town. The latter is about 1 75
rods in diameter.
Saco river passes through
this town, where it receives
Swift river and several oilier
small streams. The Rev. Mr.
Porter was ordained here in
1778, and still continues the
minister of the place.
Conway
has 3 religious societies and 2
meeting-houses.
It contains
4 corn-mills, 5 saw-mills, 1
mill for dressing cloth, 2 carding-machines, ,3
distilleries,
acres.
A
dians,
and 3
retail stores.
Coos County is bounded S.
by the counties of Grafton
and Strafford, E. by' the Dis-
�GAZETTEER OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE.
108
of Maine, N. by Lower
Canada, and W. by Connecti-
trict
cut river.
composed of
It is
22 towns, 5 locations, and a
large tract of unlocated land.
In 1810 it contained 3,991 inhabitants, of which 628 were
It contained at
rateable polls.
th. I time 262 horses, 37 four
yc trs old, 47 thrt:e ye-rs old,
503 oxen,
49 two years old
;
231 four years old, 1,383 ccws,
637 three years old cattle, and
13 Oiules,
674 two years old
and 1 jack. This county comj
prises
acres of land
128,662
and water S. of latitude 45*>
and N. of that latitude it conLancaster is the shire town
of this county, and was incorporated as early as 1763. The
county prison is here, and an
academy which was incorpoin 1808.
Coos county has 12 meetinghouses, 20 grist-mills, 27 sawmills, 5 mills for dressmg
cloth, 3 carding machines, 11
stores, and 6 dhstilleries, &c.
It stnds 27 members to the
rated
The
state legislature.
court
for
superi-
county of
county is held
the
Grafton and
this
at Huyerhill
and Plymouth
al-
ternately on the 4th Tuesday
of December, and the court of
common picas is held at Lancastiir
ou the 4th Tuesday of
May.
Croydon.
In this town are a congregaand episcopalian society, and a meetinghouse for each. In 1768, the
tionalist, baptist,
Welman was ordained
and removed in 1785.
The Rev. J. Rowel and P.
Kindreck are the present ministers.
This town contains 4
grain-mills, 10 saw-mills, 2
mills for dressing cloth, 2
carding-machines,and 4 stores.
Rev.
Cheshii-f-
a
J.
Coventry, a township in
Grafton county, bounded N.
by Landaff, E. by Peeling, S.
by Warner, and W. by Haverhill, containing 33,290 acres.
It was incorporated in 1764,
and its number of inhabitants
in 1810, was 162.
Moose-hillock and Owl-head mountains
art in this town.
Branches
and Oliverian brooh^ Baker*s
river^ and Wild Amonoosuck
Coi)take their rise here.
entry contains 2 grist-mills
and
Cornish,
A
bridge crosses the
Connecticut from this town to
Windsor. The line adjoining
Croydon p.^sses over Croydon
mountain. Governor's moun-"
tain is situated nearly between
the bridge and the road to
cres.
here
tains 160,353 acres.
or
Plainfield, E. by Croydon, S.
by Claremont, and W. by
Connecticut river, which separates it from Windsor in Vermont. It contains 23,160 a-
township
1
saw-inill.
in
-lunty was incorpo-
rated in 1763, and its population in 1810, amounted to
1600.
It is bounded N. by
Croydon, a township in the
county of Cheshire, was inIts numcorporated in 1713.
ber of inhabitants
is
862.
It
�GAZETTEER OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE.
is bounded N. by New-Grantham and a corner of Spring-
E. by Springfield and
Wendall, S. by Newport, and
W. by Cornfsh, and contains
26,000 acres.
Croydon mountain extends
field,
in
a
direction
northeasterly
through this town from its
southwestern extremity. On
this mountain are two small
ponds.
Its soil is moist and
rocky, and produces excellent
grass, besides wheat, rye,corn,
109
Blake* s pond forms its E. corner bound. Dalton contains a
meeting-house, 3 corn-mills, 2
saw-mills, and
ing cloth.
1
mill for dress-
Danburt, situated in Grafton county 6 or 8 miles from
Merrimack
river.
corporated in
tains
^'itS
It
was
in-
1795, and con-
inhabitants.
It
is
bounded N.E. by Alexandria,
S. E. by New-Chester, S. W.
butter,
by the line of Hillsborough
county which separates it from
Wilmot, and N. W. by a corner of Orange. It contains
cheese, &c.
Croydon turnpike
passes nearly through the centre of this town.
There are
several small ponds in this
Smith''s river
19,031 acres.
waters this town and the Grafton turnpike leads through its
western extremity to Orford
town, which supply some of
the minor branches of Sugar
river, on which streams are erected 4 corn-mills, 5 saw-
bridge.
&c.
The
principal
which
this
town sends
ket, are
mills,
1
beef,
articles
pork,
to
mar-
DARTMOUTHCoLLEGE(Vide.
Hanover.)
mill for dressing cloth,
and a carding- machine. There
is in this town a house of public worship in which a congregational minister officiates.
Deerfield, a township in
Rockingham county, incorporated in 1766.
In 1810 it
contained 1851 inhabitants. It
bounded N. by Northwood,
by Candia, E. by Nottingham, and W. by Allenstown
and Epsom, and contains 23,
254 acres. Pleasant pond is
is
S.
D.
Dalton, a township in Coos
county, containing 235 inhabitants.
It is
bounded
N.W. by
Connecticut river at the great
opposite Lunenburgh in
Vermont, N. E, by Lancaster
and Whitefield, S.E.by Whitefield, and S.W. by Littleton or
falls
Grafton line.
16,455 acres.
the
It contains
jfohn's river
crosses the
northerly part of the town, and
situated in the
northerly part
about a mile
in length and half a mile in
There are here severwidth.
al other smaller ponds, one of
which is the source of the western branch of Lamprey river,
the northern branch of which
passes from North wood and
unites with the western near
The
the centre of Deerfield.
of this town and
is
�no
GAZETTEER OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE.
soil of this town is for the most
part fertile, producing the various kinds of grain and grass
in
to
near the S. E.
abundance.
Eliphalet Smith was the first
ordained minister in this town
and ramoved soon after the revolutionary war. His success-
or was the Rlv. Timothy Upham, who died in the year
1811, and w^as succeeded by
the Rev. Nathaniel Wells.
is also a baptist church
increasing in numbers under the
pastoral care of Elder Peter
Young. Each of these societies has its house of public
At the part of this
worship.
town called the parade there is
a pleasant village of 15 or 20
houses, a small academy, several stores, mechanics' shops,
&c. Deerji eld contains 4 grainmills, 4 saw-mills, 2 mills for
dressing cloth, 1 carding-machine, 1 oil-mill, and 13 schoolThe average yearly
houses.
number of deaths in this town
since 1802, has been a^iout 20.
The present year an epidemic
fever prevailed of which about
20 persons died.
Formerly, moose were plenIn
ty in and about this town.
1767, Mr. Josiah Prescott killad four within a short time
near the same spot.
There
Dead River
Dimond river and falls inthe Margallaway river on
the easterly side of the state,
with
rises
in
the
northerly part of a tract of
land granted to Gilmanton and
After
Atkinson academies.
passing through those lands in
a number of streams and
also through lands granted to
Dartmouth college, it unites
Weniworth's
of
extremity
location.
DeerIng, a township in
Hillsborough county, incorporated in 1779.
Its population
in 1810 was 1363. Itisbounded
N.
Henniker and Hillsbor-
i)y
ough, E. by Weare, W. by the
southerly branch of Contoocook river which divides this
town from Antrim, and S.
by Francestown and GreenIt contains 20,057 acres.
Pecker's pond^ in this town, is
180 rods long and 50 wide and
forms the source of the northerly branch of Piscataquog river.
The 2d New-Hampshire turnpike pusses through the southwesterly part of this town. The
Rev. William Sleigh is the setminister of the place.
tled
There is here 1 meeting-house,
2 corn-mills, 1 saw-mill, 1
carding-maclothing-n\ill, 2
field.
chines,
1 distillery,
and 2 trad-
ing shops.
DiMOND River.
Its
branch has
rise
terly
its
wesin a
pond of that name in Stewartstown. Thence its course is
through Dixville, and after receivingisome tributary streams
from the lands granted to Dartmouth college, it empties itself
into
Dead
from the
river
which flows
easterly part of those
lands.
Dixville, a township
Coos county? incorporated
in
in
�Gx\ZETTEER OF NEW-HMMPSIIIRE.
1805, and in 1810, containing
It is bounded
12 inhabicants.
N. by the college lands and
lands gr.ntc^d to GilmanK>n
and Atkinson academies, E.by
the second grant to Dartmouth
Wentworth's locaand Erving's location, and W. by
Columbia,Colebrook,and Stew-
college and
tion, S.
by
iViillsfield
31,023
western border is a ridge of. mountains,
from which flow several ponds
forming the sources of two rivers, viz. Clear stream and Dimond river. This town contains
artstown.
acres.
It contains
Near
its
a grist-mill and a saw-mill.
Dorchester, a township in
Grafton county, incorporated
in 1761, and containing 537 inIt is bounded N.
by Wentworth, E. by Groton,
S. by Dame's Gore, which separates it from Canaan , and
W. by Lyme, and contains 23,
There are two
617 acres.
large ponds in this town, viz.
Slowri's pond, which is 500
rods long and 450 wide, and
Foxvler^s pond, which is 300
rod's long and 250 wide. The
habitants.
southerly branch of Baker's
river flows through the eastern
part of this town, and a branch
of the Mascemy passes its
western part.
large mountain lies near its S.E. extremi-ty, and another called Smart^s
mountain in the N. W. part of
the town. Dorchester contains
A
3 mills.
ed at the head of the tide on
Cochecho. It was incorporated
in 1633, and in 1810 it contained 2,228 inhabitants.
It is
bounded N. E. by Somersworth, S.E. by Piscataqua river, S.W. by Madbury, and N.
W. by Rochester and a corner
of Barrington
it comprises
15,112 acres. Cochecho river
flows through the whole length
of this town, and Bellamy hank
through its S. E. extremity.
turnpike road passes from
the compact part of this town
through Somersworth to Berwick in Maine.
The Indians called this place
WinJchahanat and Cochecho,
;
A
and the first settlers named
it Northam.
Its public buildings con&ist of two houses
for public worship, one for
congregationalists and one for
quakers, a court-house, printand a bank,
which was incorporated in
There is a handsome
1803.
village, containing about 70
houses, 18 stores, several offices, and mechanic shops.
packet boat, while the river is
open, passes from this town to
Portsmouth, every day except
Sundays.
Dover contains S
grain-mills, 2 saw-mills, 2 mills
for dressing cloth, 2 cardingmachines, an oil-mill, and n
woollen factory. The Revs.
John Reyner, John Pike, Nicholas Seaver, Jonathan Cushing,
Jeremiah Belknap have successively been the ministers of
ing-ofiice, a gaol,
A
this
Dover, a considerable township in Strafford county^ situat-
Ill
place.
Clary
tor.
is
The Rev.
their
J.
present
W,
pas-
�GAZETTEER OF NEW-HAMFSHIRE,
112
Edward and William Hilcame over from London
and commenced the settlement
ton
of this township in 1623. In
1630, they obtained a patent
from the council at Plymouth
conveying to them that place
on the Piscataqua, known by
name of Hilton's point, together with a tract 3 miles
wide extending up the S.side ot
the river as far as Swamscot
falls (now Exeter.) Within this
the
tract are
now comprised
the
Durham,
of Dover,
Stratham, a part of NewingIn 1633,
ton and Greenland.
that beautiful neck of land
(now Dover) was surveyed
meetand incorporated.
ing-house was at the same time
erected there and surrounded
with intrenchmentfj, the traces
of which are still visible.
In the year 1675, immediately after the invasion of Durham, a large body of the eastern Indians negociated a peace
with Maj. Waldron at Dover,
but, as the war had not ceased
in the south, many of the Indians from that quarter mingled with their brethren of the
towns
A
and under the
false apof friendship contrived to sow the seeds of fresh
In a short time
hostilities.
east,
pearances
captiiins Joseph Syll and William Hawthoirte were ord.!;red
to march eastward in pursuit of
On
these insidious enemies.
their march they arrived at
Dover on the 6th of September,
1676, where they found 400 Indians assembled at the house of
Maj. Waldron, most of whom
were of the peace party and wh«
regarded him as a benefactor
and friend. The two captains
would have attacked this body
immediately, having orders
to seize all Indians who had
joined in the war.
Maj. Waldron dissuaded them from this,
and planned the following
stratagem.
He proposed to
the whole Indian party a training and sham-fight after the
English
custom.
He
then
formed another party consisting of his own men and those
under Capt. Frost of Kittery.
Having diverted the Indians
and permitted
a short time
them to fire the first volley, he
made
a dexterous movement
they
could un-
ajid before
derstand
his
intentions
sur-
whole body,
seized and disarmed them
without shedding blood on eiThey were immether side.
diately separated. Wonolancet,
with thePenacook tribe who had
rounded
their
made peace
ter,
the preceding win-
were amicably dismissed,
but the strange Indians (as
they were called,) to the number of 200 were secured and
sent to Boston. Seven or eight
of them who had been guilty of
former murders were hanged,
and the rest were sold as slaves
The Indians
discharged by Waldron, regarded his conduct as a
breach ef faith and swore against him eternal and implacable revenge.
In 1689, after a lapse of 13
years since Waldron's stratagem, during wliich time the
in foreign parts.
who were
�GAZETTEER OF NEW-HAMI'SHIRE.
400 Indians who were dismissed bad not suffered their rage
against him to cool, and many
of those, who had been sold into slavery, having escaped and
and that there was no danger."
The plot which was concerted was, that two squaws should
go to each of the garrisoned
houses and ask leave to lodge
by the fire, and that in the
night, when all the men were
asleep, they should open the
doors and gates and give the
signal by a whistle,
upon
which the strange Indians, who
were within hearing were to
rush in and gratify their long
meditated revenge.
The plan having been thus
arranged, on the evening of the
27th of Juhqiftwo squaws applied to each of the garrisons
for lodging, as was not unusual
in time of peace, and they
were admitted to all but young
returned home with a burning thirst for revenge, entered into a confederacy to surprize the major and his neighbours, with whom the former
party had been living on terms
of peace and friendship.
In that part of Dover situated near the first falls in the
river Cochecho, there were
five
garrisoned houses, Waldron's, Otis', and Heard's, the
two others(Coffin's and his sons)
were on the south side of the
These houses were surriver.
rounded with timber walls, the
gates of which as well as the
doors of the houses were secured with bolts and bars.
Coffin's house.
taught by their
inhabitants,
to open the doors in case
they should wish to go out
during the night. Mesandowit
was then in Waldron's garrison and hospitably entertained
there as he had often been be-
scrutinized
with attention those wooden
fortifications.
Some
intima-
tions of mischievous plots
had
been given by certain squaws,
but in such an ambiguous manner as not to be comprehended.
Many of Waldron's men
had early apprehensions, but
he laughed at their fears and
-told them to " plant their
pumpkins and he would take
care of the Indians." The very evening before the alarm he
was informed by a young man,
that the town was full of Indians and the people very uneasy, but he answered, " that
•the Indians behaved very well
15
They were
own request
how
The Indians, as they passfed
through the town, trading with
the
113
The squaws told the
major that a number of Indians were coming to trade
with him the next day and
Mesandowit, while at supper,
fore.
,
;
in his
manner
Waldron what
usual familiar
said, " Brother
should you do, if the strange
Indians should come." The
major carelessly replied that he
would assemble one hundred
men by the motion of his hand.
In this unsuspecting confidence the family retired to
rest.
�GAZETTEER OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE:
114
In the stillness of midnight
the gates were opened and the
signal was given. The Indians
immediately entered, stationed a guard at Waldron's door,
and rushed into his Apartment,
which was one of the inner
rooms. Awakened by the tumult the major sprang from
his bed, and though now burdened with the weight of 80
rcafcs,
he retained so
much
of
his youthful vigour as to drive
them with his sword through
two or three doors, but as he
returning for his other
arms, they levelled him with a
blow from behind which left
him senseless. Having dragged Jiim into his hall, they
placed kim in an elbow chair
upon a long table, and insultingly asked him, *' who shall
be the judge of Indians now."
They then compelled the people in the house to provide
th-^m food, and when they had
finished their repast they cruelly inflicted gashes on different parts of Waldron's body,
saying, " we thus cross out our
account ;" till at last exhausted with loss of blood he was
•was
from the
falling
table,
when
one of the Indians, holding his
own sword under him, in this
manner
relieved
him from
his
They also put to death his
son in law Abraham .Lee, but
made captive his daughter and
several others, and then having
fire.
next
sanoie
it
Otis' garrison,which
on
was
Waldron's, met the
Otis himself with
fate.
to
Elder Wentworth was
awakened by the noise. He
tering.
repelled those who first entered, and falling upon his back,
he kept the door closed with
his feet,
till
he had given the
Two
balls were fired
through the door, but missed
him.
Coffin's house was also
alarm.
attacked, but as the
Indians
had no particular enmity
and
a-
him they spared him
gainst
family and contented
themselves with pillage. Having found a bag of money they
his
compelled him to throw it in
handfulls on the floor, while
they amused themselves in a
scramble for it.
They then
proceeded to the house of his
son who had refused to admit
the squaws, and promising him
quarter they summoned him to
surrender. He withstood their
offers and resolved to defend
his house, but the Indians
brought forward his father and
threatened to put
Filial
affection
him to death.
overwhelmed
courage and he surrender-
his
They put both families
a deserted house, intending to make prisoners of them,
ed.
into
sufferings.
plundered the house set
several others were put to
death, and his wife and|children -w^ere taken prisoners.
Heard's garrison was saved by
the barking of a dog at the
moment the Indians were en-
but they all escaped while the
Indians were engaged in their
work of plunder.
In this affair 23 people were
killed
Five
and 29 made
captive.
or six dwelling-houses
together with the mills were
^
�GAZETTEER OP NEW-HAMPSHIRE.
burned, and so rapid were the
Indians in their operations,
that they escaped with their
prisoners and booty befon; the
people could collect from the
town to oppose them as they
passed by Heard's garrison in
their retreat, they fired upon it,
but the people within having
resolved to defend it, and the
enemy being in haste it was
saved.
The preservation of
;
its
owner was
still
more
re-
Elizabeth Heard
markable.
with her three sons and a
daughter and several other persons were returning in the
night from Portsmouth. They
passed up the river in their
boats unperceived by the Indians who then had possession
of the garrisons. Apprehending danger from some noise,
which they heard, they landed
and bent their steps to Waldron's garrison, where they
observed lights, which they
supposed were held out to
those who were seeking refuge.
They knocked and entreated
admission, but no answer being given, one of the party ascended the wall, and to his astonishment and alarm, saw an
Indian stationed with his gun
at the door of the house. Mrs.
Heard in the agony of fright
power to escape, but
sh6 implored her children to
fty and save themselves, they
heavy hearts.
left her with
She soon recovered herself and
crept into some bushes and
there lay concealed till daylight, at which time she perceived an Indian approaching
lost all
115
toward her with a pistol in his
hand, who looked in her face
He immf.direturned and looked at
her again. She then spoke to
him, but without making any
answer, he went off and she
saw no more of him.
She
continued in her concealment
till the conflagration was over
and the Indians were gone.
She then went to her house
and found n. safe.
This wonderful preservation of Mrs.
Heard was a remarkable display of the power of gratitude in an Indian.
At the
time of Waldron's stratagem
in 1675^ a young Indian escaped and took refuge in her
house. In return for her kindness in concealing
him he
promised that he would never
in an}^ future war, injure her
or any of her family.
This
Indian was known to be the
one who found her concealed
on this eventful night.
On th« 25th of January,
1691, a young man in the
woods near Dover was fired
upon by a party of Indians.
Lieut. Wilson immediately assembled a body of 18 men and
went in pursuit of the aggressand went away.
ately
ors.
He
succeeded
in
his
search and killed qr wounded
the whole party except one.
This caused a temporary
ror
ter-
among
the Indians, but its
effects soon ceased.
On the 26th of July, 1696,
the people of Dover were attacked as they were returning
from public worship. Three
of them were killed and three
�GAZETTEER OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE.
116
carried to Penobscot, who afterwards escaped and returned
home. In August, 1704, a
man by the name of Giles was
killed, and the people were again waylaid on their return
from meeting. In 1706, William Pearl and Nathaniel Tibbets were killed, and in 1710,
Jacob Garland met the same
In May, 1724, a party of 13
Mohawks marked the house- of
a Quaker by the name of Hanson for plunder, and they lay
several days in ambush waiting lor the favourable moment
of attack. While Hanson with
his eldest daughter were absent
Quaker meeting and
at a
two
eldest sons
his
were working
Indians
entered his house, killed and
scalped two small children, and
made captive his wife, her infant and its nurse, two daughters and a son.
The next
spring Hanson redeemed his
wife, the three young children
and the nurse, but could not
obtain his daughter, although
he was permitted to visit her.
He made a second attempt in
1727, but died at Crown Point
in a distant field, the
fate.
In the spring of 1711, this
town was again attacked by
the Indians, and several people
as they were returning from
meeting fell into an ambush.
John Horn was wounded and
Humphrey Fass was taken
prisoner
but by the resolute
;
courage of Lieut. Heard he
was recovered from the hands
of the enemy. In April,1712,
ensign Tuttle was killed, and
in the July following an ambush was discovered, but the
While the
people were absent in pursuit
of them, two cb^ildren of John
Waldron's were taken and
were cruelly put to death. Al-
enemy escaped.
though there was no man at
the time in Heard's garrison, a
woman who was stationed as
guard called for help with such
a resolute and commanding
voice that the Indians supposed the men were near and they
therefore departed without doing farther mischief.
On the 29th of August, 1723,
the Indians again made their
appearance at Dover, where
they surprised the house of Joseph Ham, whom they put to
death, and three of whose children thev carried off.
on
his
The
journey
to
Canada.
afterwards married a
Frenchman and never returngirl
ed.
In
September, 1725, while
the people were absent at work
in a neighbouring field, a party
ofIndians concealed themselves
in a barn in preparation for an
attack.
Two women passed
by the barn at that moment,
and had just arrived at the garrison, when the Indians com-
menced
firing.
They
killed
two men of the name of
Evans and wounded another
slightly
in
his
breast.
The
Indians, supposing from the
copiousness of his bleeding
that he was dead, proceeded to
He bore
without betraying any signs of life, and thus
strip
and scalp him.
this operation
�GAZETTEER OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE.
he continued the appearance of
death while thc-y struck him
many blows with their guns and
departed, supposing that they
had despatched him. He then
arose and walked back naked
and bleeding to the garrison.
Fainting with his wounds, he
droppt-d at the feet of one of
his friends who met him and
who
carried him to his house.
recovered and lived fifty
years afterwards. The Indians
also at that time carried off to
Canada a lad of the name of
Evans, who was afterwards re-
He
deemed.
A
female of the
Christina,
name of
who was born
at
the year 1688, was
carried captive with her mother
to Canada soon after the destruction of Dover by the In-
Dover
in
dians. In Canada she was educated in the Roman Catholic
faith, and she was there marriUpon the death of her
ed.
husband she became very anxious to revisit the land of Jier
nativity, and an exchange of
prisoners taking place in 1714,
she returned and married Capt.
Thomas Baker, then of North-
She renounced the
Catholic religion and removed
to Dover, where she lived a
bright example of piety, and
died on the 23d of Februa-
ampton.
The number
of her
posterity of three generations
was 72, of whom 57 survived
ry, 1773.
her.
On the 25th of June, 1773,
died the Hon. George Guage
in the 72d yeai of his age.
Having distinguished himself
iir
and patriot
most important public
as a philanthropist
in the
stations, he received the high-
honours in the gift of his
country. He was several times
a member of the general assembly of the province, and a
colonel of the 2d regiment of
est
which was particularly
exposed during the war. On
the establishment of the county of Strafford, he was appointed the first judge of probate a
few months before his death.
In May, 1770, died Friend
Joseph Estes in the 74th year
militia,
of his age, who for a period
of 40 years was a public
speaker in the quaker meetings at Dover and elsewhere.
He was universally respected
and lamented.
In 1772, died Howard Henderson at the advanced age of
more than 100 years. He was
present at the capture of Gibraltar from the Spaniards in
1704.
The annual average
number of deaths in this town
from 1767
The
to
1815,hasbeen 19.
largest
number was 50
8.
During
and the smallest
the above period thirty died between the ages of 70 and 80,
six between 90 and 100, and
one over 100.
Dublin,
a township in Chesmcorporatedin 1761, and
now containing 1184 inhabitants.
It is bounded N. by
Nelson and Hancock, S. by
Jaffrev, E. by Peterborough,
and W. by Marlborough and a
part of Roxbury, and contains
26,560 acres, 600 of which are
hire,
�GAZETTEER OF NEAV-IIAMPSHIRE.
118
water. Centre pond^ a few rods
S. W. of the meeting-house, is
300 rods in length and 160 in
North pond is alx>ut
width.
400 rods long and 140 wide.
There are also several smaller
ponds
in this place.
A
branch
of the Ashuelot river and two
branches of the Contoocook have
The formConnecticut,
their rise in Dublin.
er falls
the
into
and the latter into the Merrimack. In the southerly part
of this town is situated the
grand Monadnock mountain.
Dublin has 6 corn-mills, 8 saw1 mill for dressing cloth,
carding-machine, a distille-
mills,
1
ry,
and
The
11 school-houses.
minister here was
the Rev. Joseph Farrar, a eongregationalist, who was ordained on the 10th of June^ 1772,
first
and dismissed in June, 17/ff.
Rev. Edward Sprague, the present minister, was settled over
the same church inl 777. There
is also a baptist church here,
over which Elder Elijah Willard was ordained in 1794.
Each of theae societies has a
meeting-house. Dublin is composed of two small villages besides
many
scattered houses.
DuMMER, a
township in Coos
county.
It was incorporated
in 1773, and now contains only
20 inhabitants. It is bounded
N. by Millsfield, E. by Cambridge, S. by Paulshurgh, and
W. by Kilkenny and some ungranted lands, and contains
27,562 acres. The Ameriscoggin and Amonoosuck river§bpth pass through this town.
There
is
here
1
saw-mill and
T
grist-mill.
DuMMER Fort.
(See Hins-
dale.)
Dumbarton, a township of
an elevated situation in Hillsborough county, bounded N.
and N. E. by Hopkinton and
Bow, E. by Merrimack river,
S. by Goffstown, and W. by
Weare, containing 20,966 acres.
It was incorporated in
1765, and in 1810 its population was 1256. There are here
four small ponds, viz. Purgatorij^ Woodbury^ Long'^znd Gorham ponds ; the waters of all
which fail into the Merrimack.
This town is connected with
Chester by a bridge thrown
over the Isle of Hookset Falls,
by which the Londonderry
turnpike passes the river. The
Rev. W. Harris was ordained
here in 1789, and is the present
minister.
There are in thia
town 1 meeting-house, 2 gristmills, and 7 saw-mills.
DuNSTABLE,a township lying
southeasterly extremity
of Hillsborough county.
It
was incorporated in 1746, and
in 1810 it contained 1049 inin the
habitants.
It
is
bounded N.
by Merrimack, E. by Merrimack river, which separates it
from Nottingham West^ S. by
the statt: line, which divides it
from Dunstable in Massachusetts, and W. by Hollis, and
comprises 18,878 acres.
At
this place
Nashua
ties itself into the
river empMerrimack,
�GAZETTEER OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE.
forming
an
place called
island
and
the
Nashua mouths.
Pennychuck brook constitutes
northern boundary of the
the
town.
The former
ministers in this
have been the Rev.
Messrs. Swan and Kidder.
At present the Rev. Mr. Sperplace
ry
is
settled here.
The
princ-
10
dwelling-houses and 2 stores.
About a mile below at the
place called the harbour there
are nearly as many more buildipal village consists of 8 or
119
wacketonthe upper part of the
river Saco, where a formidable
tribe had once inhabited and
now occasionally resided. Lovell had with hina 46 men including a chaplain and a surgeon.
of them having lamed
themselves, returned home,and
another falling sick,his companions built a stockadefort on the
west side of the great Ossipee
pond and left him at this place
with the surgeon and 8 others
The remaining
for a guard.
Two
parties,
who were
Indian
prowling upon our frontiers.
Two men having been missed
from this town, a scouting par-
34 now pursued their march
northward about 22 miles
from the fort to a pond, on the
east side of which they encamped.
Early the next day, while
at their morning devotions,
they heard the report of a gun
and discovered a single Indian
spatched
ty consisting of 11 Avere dein search of them.
on a point of land which pro-
They were
jected
ings.
In former years
among others
this
town
suffered from the
attacked by the
Indians and 9 of them were
killed,
and the surviving 2
escaped badly wounded.
At
a subsequent period another
party from this town fell into
an ambush, but the enemy not
having an equal force retreated
leaving 1 killed and 4 woundIn 1 724, a volunteer comed.
pany under the command of
Capt. Lovell was raised from
town and became alike remarkable for its success and
this^
misfortunes.
Its first expedition was to the northward
of lake Winnipiseogee where
they killed 1 of the enemy and
made 1 prisoner. In 1725,
its
Capt. Lovell marched from
Dunstable with the design of
attacking the villages of Pig-
more than
a mile distant st^nd
into
the pond.
They
had been alai-med the preceding night by noises, which they
supposed came from the enemy, and their suspicions were
now
confirmed.
They
believ-
ed that the Indian they saw
was stationed to decoy them,
and that the body of his companions was
in their front.
A
consultation was held and they
resolved to march forward, and
by surrounding the pond to
command the point where they
observed the Indian. In preparation for action they threw
off their packs and were obliged to leave them without a
In their march they
a
carrying
place,
through which two parties containing 41 Indians, commandguard.
crossed
�GAZETTEER OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE.
120
ed by Pagus and Waha, who
had been scouting down Saco
river and were now returning
to their lower village. Having
discovered Lovell's track, they
followed it till they came to the
packs, which they seized, and
upon counting them found the
force of their enemies to be
They
smaller than their own.
accordingly stationed themselves in ambush in preparaThe Indian,
tion to attack.
who had been seen on the
point and was now returning to
the village by another path
met Lovell's party and was fired upon. He returned the fire
and wounded Lovell and one
of his companions with small
shot.
Lieut. Wyman then lev-
him and killed him
and took his scalp. Discovering no other signs of the eneelled
my,
at
Lovell's party then return-
ed to the spot where they had
left their
packs.
While they
were searching for them, the
Indians rose from their ambush
and rushed upon them with a
frightful yelling.
A brisk
fir-
ing then ensued on both sides.
Gapt. Lovell with eight others
were killed, and Lieut. Farwell
was wounded. Several of the
Indians fell also ; but as they
were superior in number to
Lovell's party and their intention being discovered, the latter retreated with the hope of
sheltering themselves behind a
rocky point and a few large
trees on the shore.
In this
forlorn condition they took
their station.
was a brook
On
their right
at that
time un-
fordable ; on their left was the
point of rocks ; their front was
partly covered by a deep bog,
and the pond was in their rear.
The enemy immediately opened a galling fire upon their
front and flanks, and could they
have used
this advantage skilmight have killed or
captured the whole of our party, who were destitute of provisions and cut off from re-
fully they
treat.
Under
the
command
of Lieut. Wyman they continued their fire and retained
their courage the whole day,
in the course of which their
chaplain,Jonathan Erie, ensign
Robbins, with one other person were mortally wounded.
The Indians made signs to
them to surrender by holding
up ropes, endeavouring at the
same time to intimidate them
by horrid yells.
Our people
were resolved to die rather
than surrender, and by a well
directed fire the ranks of the
enemy were thinned and their
yells became fainter.
At the
close of the day the Indians
abondonod their advantageous
ground carrying with them
thrir killed and wounded and
leaving the bodies of Lovell and
his comp.inions unscalped.
The
surviving remnant of our brave
countrymen found three of
their number unable to move
from the spot and eleven others of the wounded, who had
still strength enough to march,
and nine only who were uninjured.
It was an agonizing
necessity to abandon their dying companions, but there was
�GAZETTEER OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE.
no
Ensign Robgun might
charged by his side, so
alternative.
bins desired that his
be
left
that if the
enemy should
re-
121
found the bodies of the killed,
buried them and carved their
names on the surrounding trees.
The
Indians, among many othlost Pagujs their chief.
place where the action was
turn, he might sacrificfe at least
one more of them to his revenge.
On the rising of the
ers,
moon
the south part of the
they departed from this
fatal spot and directed their
the fort where
the surgeon and the guai-d had
To their astonishbeen left.
ment they found the place deserted. On the commencement
The
fought
was Pigwacket, now
town of
Fryburgh.
march toward
of the action, one man, (whone
irame has not been suffered to
disgrace the history of this affair) fled to the
fort,where in the
language of Job's messenger,
he informed the guard of Lovell's death and the defeat of
his party, upon which they
best of their way
home, leaving behind them a
quantity of provisions which
was a seasonable relief to the
Lieuretreating survivors.
tenant Farwell and the chaplain
who kept the journal of the
march, perished in the woods
made
the
from an unavoidable want of
attention to their wounds. The
remaining few after a long series of hardships, arrived at
their
homes
They were
at different times.
received with joy
and recompensed for their sufferings and their valour by
public gratitude and affection.
A generous provision was
made for the widows and children of the
slain.
Tyng
of Dunstable^
immediately collected a company, marched to the place of
the engagement, and having
16
Capt.
DuRAND,
a small township
Coos county containing 62
inhabitants.
Bounded N. by
in
Mainsboro', E. by Shelburne,
S.hy the White mountains, and
W. by Kilkenny. Jt contains
25,672 acres. One branch of
Moose river and several branches of the Amonoosuck and Isra-^
e/rise in this town.
Durham, a township in
Strafford county, lying on Oyster river at the junction with
the Piscataqua,
It contains a
population of 1449, and is
bounded on Madbury S. 63^"
E. 1040 rods, thence S.54^°E.
to Cedar point ; on Lee N.
le^^E. 5 miles and 66 rods; on
Newmarket S. 80^ E. 700
rods to a rcck,thsnce S.56^° E.
264 rods to the head of the
creek, thence to Chelsey's little
island which is the S. corner
boundary, thence by Great and
Little
bay to Cedar point, com-
prising an area of 14,970 acres.
The N.H. turnpike from Ports-
mouth
through
to
this
Concord
passes
town.
The first settled minister in
Durham was the Rev. Hugh
Adams, who was ordained in
1717, and dismissed in 1739.
The Hev. Nicholas Oilman,
�GAZETTEER OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE.
122
Hugh Adams, and
have been
Curtis
Coe
his successors, all
of
them tongregationalists. The
compact part of the town, near
the falls contains a handsome
meeting-house, 37 dwellinghouses, and 7 stores and small
shops. Inthis town resided JVIaj.
Gen.SuUivanandCol. Adams of
Hon.
George Frost and Ebenezer
Thompson were also citizens
the revolutionary army,
of Durham, The annual average number of deaths in this
place for many years past has
been computed at less than 15.
In Durham is situated that rerkable rock weighing 60 or
m
70 tons and lying so exactly
poised on another rock as easmoved with one
to be
ily
hand.
Durham was included in
which was
Hilton*s patent
In
granted in the year 1630.
September, 1675, the Indians
made an
attack at Oyster riv-
er, then a part of
Dover and
Durham.
now constituting
They burned two house3,killed
several men and carried away
two captives.
this attack they
Two
days after
made
another,
destroyed several houses and
killed
peated
two persons. These reinsults and depreda-
tions roused the indignation of
our people and forced, them to
About 20 young
retaliate.
men, most of whom were from
Dover, obtained permission
from major Waldron to make
an attempt against the Indians
way. Having
in their own
scattered
themselves
in
the
woods, a division of them dis-
covered a party of five Indians
field
near a deserted
house, some of whom were
gathering corn, while the others were preparing to roast it.
Our people were at such a
in the
distance from their companions, that they could not make
any signal to ihem without discovering themselves. Two of
them crept silently toward the
house and rushing suddenly
upon the two Indians, who
were busy at the fire, knocked
them down with their guns.
The other three took the alarm
and escaped.
In 1694, when a large part
of the inhabitants had marched to the westward, the Indians who were dispersed in
the woods about Oyster river,
having diligently observed the
number of men in Hucking's
garrison, rushed upon eighteen
of them, as they were going to
morning devotion, and
havingcutofftheirretreatto the
house put them all to death except 1 who fortunately escaped.
They then attacked the house,
in which there were only two
boys beside the women and
children.
The boys kept them
their
off for
sometime and wounded
several of them.
At length
the Indians set fire to the house
and even then the boys would
not surrender till the Indians
had promised to spare their
lives. The latter however perfidiously murdered three or
four of the children, one of
whom they fixed upon a sharp
stake in the view of its mother.
The women and children were
�CAZETTEER OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE
carried captive, but one of the
boys made hk escape the next
day.
The next spring the Indians
narrowly watched the frontiers
to determine the safest and
most vulnerabte points of attack.
The settlement at Oyster was selected for destruction, and preparations being at
length completed for the incursion, Sieur de Villieu with a
company of 250 Indians and a
French priest marched for this
Oyster river is
devoted spot.
the streaiw which falls into the
west branch of the Piscataqua
river just below the present
site
of
The
Durham.
settle-
ments were on both banks of
Here were twelve*
the river.
garrisoned houses amply sufficient for the reception of the inhabitants,but not apprehending
any danger, many of the families
remained
in
their unforti-,
houses, and those who
were in the garrisons were but
fied
indifferently
prepared
siege, as they
were
for
a
destitute of
powder. The enemy approached the place undiscovered and
halted near the falls.
Here
they separated into two divisions, one of which was to go
on each side of the river and
plant itself in small parties in
ambush near the houses and to
be ready for the attack at sunrise, for which a single gun
was to be the signal.
One
John Dean, whose house stood
near the falls, happening to rise
very early for a journey before
the dawn of day, was shot as he
came out of his door. This fir-
123
ing partially deranged the plan,
as several parties
who were
at
a distance,had not then arrived
at their stations.
The
inhabit-
being generall)' a-
ants also,
some of then^ had
time for escape and others to
prepare for defence. The signal being thus given, the attack
larrned,
commenced on all points,
where the enemy was ready.
Of
the twelve garrisoned hous-
were destroyed, Adams', Drew's, Edgerly's,Meader's, and Beard's.
The enemy entered Adams' without
resistance where they murdered fourteen persons, whose
graves can still be traced.
Drew surrendered his garrison
on promise of security but he
was put to death. One of his
children, only nine years old,
was compelled to run through
a line of Indians as a mark for
their hatchets. Edgerly's garrison was evacuated, the peoes
five
ple
one
having
of
fled to their boats,
whom was
mortally
attempting to escape.
Beard's and Meader's
were also evacuated and their
inhabitants escaped.
The unfortified houses were all set on
fire, the peop4e being either put
to death or captured in them.
Some escaped by concealing
themselves in the bushes and
elsewhere.
Thomas Edgerly
having hid himself in his cellar preserved his house though
it was twice set on fire.
The
house of John Bass the minister was destroyed together
with his valuable library. He
was absent at the time and his
wounded
in
,
�GAZETTEER OF NE\V-HAMPS«IRB.
124
John Davis, who
family fled to the
wife of John
Dean who was the first person
shot, was taken with her daughter and earned about two miJes
up the river, where they were
left under the care of an old
Indian, while his companions
returned to their bloody work,
The Indian complained of a
pain in his head, and asked the
the house of
woman what would
enemy had reach<;d his house,
he sent off his family in a boat
and then fastening his grite he
undertook alone the delence of
his house.
Contemning alike
the promises and threats of his
besiegers, he kept up a constant fire at them, changing his
dress as often as he could, and
giving orders aloud,asifhe had
a company with him. Find-
wife
arid
woods.
The
relieve
him, she replied, occapee,
(which is the Indian name for
rum) and of which she knew
he had carried away a bottle
from her house. The medicine
beingvery agreeable to his taste
He
he repeated the dose.
soon fell asleep from its effects
and she seized the opportunity
into the woods,
to escape
where she lay concealed till
the danger was over.
The other seven garrisons
were resoluti ly and successfully defended. The gat< of Burnham's happened to be left open
man
through the night.
within, who had been kept awake by the tooth- ach, hearing the alarm gun, roused the
people and secured the en-
after
a short resist iince
sur-
rendered on terms which were
basely violated, as he and his
whole family were either killed or made prisoners. Thomas
Beckford preserved his
house in a singular manner. It
was situated near the river
and surrounded by a palisade.
Hearing the alarm before the
and his
ing their exertions unavailing, the enemy withdrew, leaving Beckford the sole master
of a fortress which he had defended with such admirable adThree other garrisons,
dress.
being seasonably apprized of
the danger. Were resolutely defended, and two Indians were
killed in attacking them. Jones'
garrison was sui-rounded before day, but its owner, hearing
his dog bark and fearing that
wolves were near, went out at
that moment to secure some
swine and returned uninjured.
Having on his return ascended his wall, and observing the
flash of a gun, he immediately
dropped backward, and the ball
entered the very place where
family happily escaped. Their
bloody purpose being thus again defeated, they attacked
he stood. The enemy from
behind a rock continued firing
on the house for some time
A
trance, just as the enemy had
reach< d it. Finding themselves
disappointed at this point, the
Indians immediately ran to
pitman's, a defenceless house
and forced open the door at
the moment that he had burst
his way through that end of
thp house, which adjoined the
garrison, to which iie
�GAZETTEER OF NEW-HAMPSHIEE.
aftd then
'
ing
it.
Dur-
the
transactions
priest took possession
French
.
abandoned
these
of the meeting-house and employed himself in writing on
the pulpit with chalk, but the
house itself received no damage.
Those parties of the enemy,
who were on the other side of
the river, having completed
their work of destruction, assembled ip a field adjoining
Burnham's
garrison,
where
they insultingly displayed their
prisoners and derided the inhabitants,supposing themselves
out of the reach of the guns,
one of them was shot from
the sentry-box from the garriBoth divisions having
son.
then met at the falls where they
had separated the evening before, marched to Capt. Wood-
man's garrison. The ground
being broken and hilly, they
made their approach without
and kept up a continuthe hats and caps,
which our people held on sticks
above the wall. At length fearing that the inhabitants from
the neighbouring settlements
would collect against them,
the Indians retreated, having
killed or captured between 90
and 100 persons and destroyed
20 houses, 5 of which were
difficulty
al
fire
at
X
125
detained four years and endured every thing but death. She
was delivered of a child in the
winter, unsheltered from the
storms, and being unable to
nurse it, the Indians put it to
After her return to her
death.
husband she had a family of
14 children. She lived to the
age of 89 and her husband to
They died within
that of 93.
two days of each other and
were buried in the same grave.
In ir03, the Indians made
another incursion and killed
one man. In 1704, several
persons were murdered by
them, and in 1705,"a small party attacked the house of John
Drew, where they put eight
people to death and wounded
several others.
The garrison
was near but was at that time
without a man in it. The women, finding their case desperate, put on the hats of their
husbands and dressed themselves in other respects like
men, and by keeping up a brisk
Among the prisgarrisoned.
oners were Thomas Drew and
his wife who were recently
married.
He was taken to
Canada, where he continued
two years and was then ran-
drove the
before they had
plundered or even attacked the
house. John Wheeler acc^bsting this party and mistaking
them for friendly Indians, unfortunately fell into their power and was killed, together
with his wife and four childTwo of his sons secret*
ren.
ed themselves in a cove by the
bank of the river. In 1707,
two men were captured from
Durham^ and two others were
murdered as they were on a
somed.
She was carried to
Norridgewock, where she was
journey from that town to Dover.
In 1 707, a party of Mq-
fire,
they
enemy
actually
off,
�GAZETTEER OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE.
126
hawks attacked a company of
our men who were at work in
the woods under the direction
of'
Capt. Chesley.
At
the
first
firethey killed seven and wounded another. Chesley, with his
few surviving companions continued a brisk fire on the enemy, and for some time kept
them off, but he at length fell,
overpowered by numbers. He
was deeply lamented as a brave
In 1724, the Indians
another incursion into
this town, formed an ambush
near the road and murdered
officer.
made
several persons.
The family of Col. John Davis of this town (who died at
the age of 88,) were equally
remarkable for longevity and
superior stature.
Five of them
and one
lived till the age of 85,
to that of 99.
E.
deaths in this town were -283,
making an annual average of
about nine. The greatest number in any one year was 21,
and the smallest
number
2.
Since 1771, the proportion has
remained nearly the same.
Eaton, a township in the
northerly part of Strafford
county, incorporated in 1766,
and containing in 1810, 535 inhabitants bounded N. by Conway, E. by the eastern line of
the state, S. by Ossipee Gore,
and W. by Tamworth, containing about 27,637 acres. There
are several ponds in this town ;
Six Miles pond^ in the western
part of the town, Cook^s^ Litthe
tle^ Blair's^ ^c. ; and in
S. E. extremity of the town
There
rises Legion mountain.
are 5 saw-mills, 5 grain-mills,
;
and 1 clothing-mill.
Jackson is the only
Elder
settled
minister here^
East-Kingston, a township in Rockingham county,
situated in the southerly part
It was incorof that county.
porated in 1733, and contains
442 inhabitants. It is bounded
N. by Exeter, E. by Kingston,
S. by Southampton, and W.
and N. W. by Kingston, and
contains 6,200 acres of excelPowow river croslent land.
ses the S. W. extremity of this
town.
was
The Rev.
settled
Peter Coffin
here in 1772, and
has long since removed. There
is here but one meeting-house.
This town contains 3 cornFrom
mills and 2 saw-mills.
the year 1740 to 1771, the
Effingham,
a township in
Straflford county,
incorporated
and now containing
bounded N.
876 inhabitants
W. by Ossipee Gore, E. by the
state line, which separates it
from Parsonsfield, S. E. by
Wakefield, and S. W. by Ossipee, comprising an area of
34,938 acres. The great Ossipee river passes through this
town in a westerly course, ever
which is here a toll bridge 500
There is a
feet in length.
pond near this river 400 rods
On the
long and 270 wide.
western side of this town lie
the Green mountains. Rev. G.
in
1678,
:
�GAZETTEER OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE.
Burt was ordained here in 1803,
and dismissed soon after. There
are in Efingh^gp, three religious societies tt^d 2 meetinghouses, 4 grain-mills, 4 saw-
a cltothing-mill, and
carding-machine.
mills,
Ellis River
rises
a
on the
127
1 too rods long and 250 wide.
There are here also East pond
Maid pond^ and several smaller
ones, in the whole comprising
2210 acres of water.
The
fourth N. H. turnpike leading
to
Lyman's bridge passes
be-
tween Mascomy pond and the
mountain. At the west end of
of the White
hills in several small streams,
near the source of Peabody
river, and separating into two
streams which unite in Adams, empties into the Saco at
the
Bartlett.
tain near a
easterly
side
Ellsworth, a township of
mountainous land in Grafton
county, bounded N. by Peeling, E. by Thornton, S. by
Rumney, and W. by Warren.
Its whole population is 142,
and its area 15,606 acres.
There
a small pond in the
S. E. part of the town, from
which a stream flows into Pemigewasset river, and in the
north part of the town is situated Cat mountain.
There is
here 1 corn-mill and 1 saw-mill.
On
is
also a village of the shakers
E. end of the moun-
at the S.
small pond, (see
Canterbury.) Stony brook runs
through the south part of the
pond, and Mascomy rive^r falls
into the pond of that name.
'
Enfield contains 4 grain-mills,
5 saw-mills, 1 clothing-mill,
2 carding-machines, and an oilmill.
is
Enfield, a township in the
lower part of Grafton county,
incorporated in 1761, and now
containing 1291 inhabitants. It
is bounded N. E. by Canaan,
S. E. by Grafton, S. W. by
Cheshire county line which divides it from New-Grantham,
and W. by Lebanon, comprising in this space 24,060 acres.
the
town
pond stands the principal
containing 30 or 40
dwelling-houses and a handsome meeting-house.
There
village,
lies
W. side of this
the greatest part of
N.
Mascomy pond^ which
is
about
Epping, a town
in
Rocking-
ham
county, (formerly a part
of Exeter,) incorporated in
1639, and now containing a
population of 1182. It is bounded N. by Nottingham and Lee,
E. by Newmarket and Brent-
wood,
S.
by Brentwood and
W. by Nottingham
Poplin, and
and Raymond,
and contains
12,760 acres. Lamprey river
passes through Epping entering
its
southwest corner. In this
town Patuckaway and North
rivers fall into
Lamprey
river,
the former in its western and
the latter at its southeast part.
On these streams are 4 grainmills, 6 saw-mills, and 1 clothing-mill.
•
�GAZETTEER OF NEW-HAMP^IRt.
123
The
of Epping is exceladapted to almost all
sorts of grain, grass, flax, &c.
In the orchard of Capt. Towle
of this town there is an appletree which in one year produced between 50 and 60 bushsoil
lently
els.
The first minister of Epping
was the Rev. Mr. Cutler who
was ordained in 1747. Rev.
Josiah Stearns, his successor,
was ordained in 1758, and died
Rev. Peter Holt, the
in 1790.
present minister, was ordained
in 1793.
In Eppiyig tht'Yt are 4 meeting-houses and 8 school-housIn the revolutionary war
es.
there were ten died among
those who went from this town.
The annual average number of
deaths is about 13.
Epsom, a township in Rockingham county, bounded N.
by Pittsfield, E. by Northwood,
S. by Allenstown, and W. by
Pembrokt and
contains about
and
in
1810
its
Chichjester.
It
19,200 acres,
population was
1156.
Suncook river passes through
the westerly part of Epsom and
receives Little Suncook from
several small ponds in Northwood. In the northeast part
of the town are several snaall
mountains, viz. M^Roy^s, Fort,
Nat^s, ^c.
The Rev. John Tuck was
ordained here in 1761, and was
succeeded by the Rev. E. Hazeltine who died inl813. Rev.
settled in 1815,
J. Curtis was
and
is
the present minister.
The principal village in Epsom contains about 20 houses,a
congregationakineeting- house,
a school-hoii|% and several
small stores.
This town, like
most others of its size in the
state, has several religious societies.
There are here many
valuable mill seats.
There are
7 grain-mills, 9 saw-mills, 2
clothing-mills, 2 carding-machines, and a cotton factory.
Maj. Andrew M^Clary, a
native of this town, fell at
the battle of Breed's hill on
June 17, 1775, after defendfew companing with
a
ions a temporary entrenchment
thrown up a! few hours before.
Attacked by an overpowering
force of the enemy they retreated about one mile.
The
major in this action displayed
great bravery and presence of
mind. Inflamed by an ardent
patriotism, like the Roman Camillus, he left his plough on the
intelligence of war, and
volunteered in the cause of his
brethren, in which he was soon
called to a command which he
executed to his lasting honour,
first
Errol, a township in Coos
county, situated on the western
branch of Umbagog lake. It
was incorporated in 1774, and
contains only 38 inhabitants.
bounded N. by Wentlocation, E. by the
district of Maine, S. by Success and Paulsburgh,and W.by
Millsfield, and contains 35,400
acres, 2,800of which are water.
It
is
worth's
Margallawa}'and Clear streams
here unite with another stream
r
�129
GAZETTEER OP NEW-HAMPSHIRE.
flowing from Umbagog lake,
and form in junction Ameris-
coggin river. From the centre
of this town to Stratford on
Connecticut river the distance
is 25 miles.
Erving's Location is in
Coos county, 118 miles from
Portsmouth, bounded N. by
Dixville, E. by Millsfield, and
W. by Columbia andungranted
lands No. 1.
called Swamscot
aborigines, an ancient
Exeter,
by the
post townin Rockingham county, pleasantly situated at the
head of tide waters and navigation on the southwest branch
of Piscataqua river^ and equidistant from the metropolis
Newburyport
and
in
Essex
Execounty, Massachusetts.
ter was incorporated in the
year 1639, and contained according to the last census, 1759
inhabitants. The township is of
an irregular figure, of an area
of 11,800 acres, and has for its
boundaries Newmarket N. by
Stratham E. and N. E. ;
E.
Hampton and Hampton-falls
and
S. E. ; Kensington S.
Brentwood on the W. Exeter
Fresh river takes its rise from
a small pond in Sandown,
running thence on the cornPoplin,
ers of Hav/ke and
thence into Chester and thence
again into Poplin, Raymond,
Brentwood, and Exeter^ near
what are termed Pickpocket
mills, pursuing from thence
an easterly course till withone mile of the falls
in
ir
;
;
where it receives Little river
from the west, and mingles
shortly after with the tide waters of the Swamscot, in the
midst of a fine trading and
manufacturing settlement. Exeter IS the second considerable
town in the state, 50 miles N.
of Boston, and 402 N. E. of
It has a bank
Philadelphia.
with a capital of two hundred
thousand dollars. It was formerly the seat of government,
and many of the public offices
of the state are still kept here.
public edifices are two
congregational churches, a bap-'
tist meeting-house, an eleg..nt
academy, a handsome courthouse, and a gaol. Beside the
The
celebrated
Phillips
Exeter
there are here two
English schools and ten or a
dozen private schools chiefly
It is well situatfor females.
Academy
ed for a manufacturing town,
and has 2 fulling-mills, 2 carding-machines, 2 oil-mills, a
woollen factory, 2 ext; usive
cotton factories, a spinning and
weaving factory, a tin ware,
comb, and morocco factory, a
gin distillery, iron works, a
manufactory of ordnance and
small arms, a paper mill, a
great number of saw and gristmills, a printing-office, bookstore, book-bindery, &c. &c.
The saddlery, shoe-making and
diaise-making business is also
carried on here to a very great
In 1776, Col. Samuel
Hobart erected a powder-mill
in this town capable of manufacturing 2,100 pound of pow-
extent.
der per Week.
It is
not
now
�GAZETTEER OF
130
Before the revin operation.
olution ship-building was an
extensive and profitable branch
of business here, and vessels of
five-hundred tons burden were
and floated down the river to Portsmouth and sold, or
built
employed
in
the
West-India
Since the last war it
has altogether declined. Specimens of bog iron ore and
some considerable copper pyrites have been discovered in
Vitriol also, comthis town.
bined in the same stone with
sulphur, is found in its neighbourhood. In the year 1789,
the remains of an Indian skeleton were dug up on the east
side of the river in this town.
It was in a perpendicular position and enclosed in a birchen
hollow log. Some strings of
wampum and twelve spoons,
apparently of European manufacture, were found near it.
trade.
The
skull
was
entire, the teeth
remained in the jaws, and the
hair, which was long, straight,
and black, had sufl'ered neither
decay nor injury.
Phillips Exeter Academy in
this town is a highly respectable, useful, and flourishing inIt was founded by
stitution.
the Hon. John Phillips, LL.D.
A
part of its funds
1781.
appropriated to the support
of candidates for the ministry or
indigent scholars recommended for their genius and learnThere are in this acadeing.
my nearly 80 scholars. It has
a well selected library and a
handsome philosophical apparaThe board of trustees
tus.
in
is
NEVV'-HAIMPSHIRE.
consists of seven gentlemen, of
the Hon. J.T.Gilman is
whom
president.
The immediate instruction of the students is entrusted to a principal, a professor of mathematics and natural philosophy, and an assistant.
The Rev. John Wheelwright
the
principal settler of this
town, in 1638, removed from
Braintree, (Mass.) then a part
of Boston, where he was settled in the ministry.
In the
same year he united with several others in
making
a settle-
Exeter,
He was a
gentleman of talents, piety and
ment
in
learning.
For other particulars of the
original settlement of this place
see page 52.
The
Indians did not comdepredations against this place till the year
1675, at which time they killed several persons here.
In July, 1690, Col. Winthrop
Hilton's garrison in this place
was attacked and some lives
were lost. In June, 1697, this
town was preserved in a remarkable manner from a deep
laid plot which the Indians had
mence
their
formed against it. The enemy
were planted in ambush near
the town, and were discovered
by some children who had ventured from home without a
guard.
The savages retreated without the loss on our side
of more than one person.
In 1710, Gol.
Winthrop
Hilton with a party of his
neighbours, while at work in
a field situate in that part of
�131
GAZKTTEER OF NEW-HAM !'S HIRE.
Exeter which is now called
Epping, were attacked by the
Indians, who barbarously murdered the colonel with two of
his party, and captured two
Emboldened with this
others.
success the enemy immediately
entered the settlement and killed several other persons, some
of whom were children.
The
southerly side.
about 500 rods long
The westerly
and' 60 wide.
side of the town is broken and
elevated, but most of its land
There
is suited for grazing.
on
its
latter is
is
in this
town
a baptist meet-
ing-house, 8 or 10 mills, and 3
stores.
a township
county, situated
on the southerly line of the
state, which separates it from
FiTzwiLLiAM,
in
F.
Farmington
in
Strafford
Cheshire
in
county was formerly a part of "Royalston and Winchendon
Massachusetts. It is bounded
incorpoIt was
Rochester.
by Richmond on the W., Marlrated in 1722, and in 18tO, conborough on the N., and Jaffrey
tained 1272 inhabitants bounded N. E. by Milton, S. E. by and Rindge on theE., and conRochester,S.W.by Barrington, tains 26,900 acres,400 of which
and N. W. by New- Durham, arc water. In this town lies
South pond^ which is 320 rods
comprising 20,811 acres.
Cochecho river flows through long and 90 wide in its narrowand also Sip's pondy
est pr.rt
the N.E. part of this town,and
Frost mountains extend 200 rods long and 100 wide.
the
;
;
through
it
from N.
to S.
From
the summh-of this ridge, called
Mount Washington^ the seacoast and a large part of the
be seen. There is
town a handsome meeting-house, several mills, and
state
may
in this
trading stores.
FisHERSFiELD, a township
Hillsborough county, incorporated in 1778, and now conin
taining 563 inhabitants.
It is
bounded N. by New-London,
E. by Sutton, 5. by Bradford,
and W. by Cheshire county
line^which divides it from Goshen and Wendell, comprising
an area of 19,332 acres. In
the north part of the town lies
Sunapee pond. Todd pond is
Fitzzvilliam
was incorporated
its population is
It is situated oii
1310.
the height of land south of the
in 1773,
and
now
Monadnock mountain, and
its
The soil is
surface is hilly.
rocky but well adapted to grass
and to the cultivation of various kinds of grain. The low
lands are covered with' pine,
hemlock, and spruce. There
are here also some valuable
and productive meadows. Near
the centre of the town is a large
remarkable for the beautifully romantic prospect which
and in the northwest
it affords
hill
;
part of the town is Gap mountain^ which at a distance appears to be part of the Monadnock, and on which are found
�GAZETTEER OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE.
134
The
It is
discovered in 1813.
not extensive, and has not
suers he was obliged to swin,
across the Hudson river three
limes.
He is now living in
been
much worked.
good health
ly part of the town.
mer
for-
v/as
The
latr
productive, and probably
v/as first
It
inexhaustible.
worked about ten years ago.
Its colour is white, mingled
with a dark shade. It is easily manufactured with the saw
or chisel, and is susceptible of
Although of a
a high polish.
soft nature, it is very adhesive
and heavy, 12 cubic feet weighAfter it is preing one ton.
pared at the quarry, it is sold
for gl,42 cts. per cubic foot. It
is used for hearths, stoves, &c.
In several parts of this town,
large rocks of a globular form
are found directly poised on the
surface of others.
Curiosities
of this kind, of. which the cause
certainly
is
mysterious, are
common to many places in this
Clay of a superior qualstate.
ity for bricks is found in large
ter
at the
is
quantities in this town, and in
some spots there have been seen
stroDg indications of iron ore.
Indeed several large pieces of
good purity have been found.
Richard
who has
,
long resided in this town, was
captured by the Indians during
the last French war in the year
Although guarded by
1756.
two warriors, he was able by
superior strength and agility
to effect his escape, but not
without the loss of all his
He wandered entirenaked between the lakes
George and Champlain for six
clothes.
ly
days, eating nothing but berries
and bark. To elude his pur-
age of 77.
L.w.
Franconia, (formerly Morristown,)
lies in
the upper part
of Grafton county, near the
western side of the White
mountains which form its eastern boundary.
Lincoln and
LandafF are its southern, Concord its western, and Bethlehem its northern boundary.
The great Hay-Stack mountain
is on the southe;isterly extremity of this town, and French
and other mountains are within
It contains 32,948
its limits.
acres.
Several branches of the great
Amonoosuck rise in these mountains and pass through this
town. Franconia was incorporated in 1760, and in 1810,
inhabitants.
contained
358
There is here an extensive iron
factory
establishment.
The
company was incorporated December 18th, 1805, and is composed principally of Boston and
Salem gentlemen. The works
consist of a blast furnace with
a reservoir of water near the
top as a precaution against fire,
an air furnace, a steel furnace,
a pounding machine to separate the iron from the cinders,
a forge with four fires and
two hammers, a turning lathe,
and a trip-hammer shop with
four fires and two hammers.
There are also in this town a
powder magazine, a saw-mill,
a grist-mill, 10 or 12 dwelling-
�GAZETTEKR OF MEVV-H AMPSHIRE
houses, a store, and a warehouse.
MojSt of the ore wrought here
conveyed from Concord
is
mountain about 3 miles from
There is also a
the furnace.
large tract of coaling ground
belonging to the company, and
a highly impregnated mineral
spring about two miles from
the furnace. Not very far from
this establishment are the: upper Vvorks, called " the Haver-
andFranconia ironworks,"
which wete incorporated in
1808. These are built on the
hill
same plan as the former, but
their operations are not as yet
so extensive.
G.
Gilford,
a township in
county, formerly a
part of Gilmanton, incorporated in 1727", and now containing
-
Strafford
about 1200 inhabitants. It is
bounded N. by Winnipiseogee
lake, E. by Alton, S. by Gilmanton, and W. by-a long bay
which divides it from GilmanThere are here several
ton.
The sumlarge mountains.
mits of two of them are witlyn
200 rods of each other, and
about 2000 feet above the level
of the towui
On
the souther-
Gunstock mountain
is Suncook pond^ which forms
the northerly source oi Suncook
ly part of
river,
^
Gilford has two meetinghouses, which belong to no
particular
of
denomination
christians, 3 trading stores, 4
grain-mills, 3 saw-mills, and a
13J
carding^machine.
The- free
will baptists have here a l.-rge
church and socit-ty under the
care of Elder Richard Martin,
an aged and respectable minis-
There is also a society of
the regular baptists under the
care of Elder Morrison.
At
ter.
Meredith bridge, which unites
town to Meredith, is a.
handsome viUage containing about 25 dwelIing-houses,stores,
&c. A meeting-house was lately erected here by the inliabitants of the two towns for the
commcfh use of all orders of
this
christians.
Gilmanton, a township in
Strafford county, incorporated
in 1727, and containing inlSlO,
4,338 inhabitants. It is bounded N. by Gilford, E. by Alton,
S. E. by Barnstead, S. W. by
Rockingham line, and N.W.by
Winnipiseogee lake and bay
which separates it from Sanbornton, comprising an area of
Suncook river
58,448 acres.
a pond of that
Gilford line, the waters of which fall into another
pond of the same name, which
is larger than the former, being
about 350 rods long and 175
wide. From thence it falls into a third pond of the same
name 500 rods long and half as
wide. There are several smaller ponds in this town, in one
of which is the source oi Bow
Cook river.
There are in Gilmanton 5
20 schoolmeeting-houses,
houses, a court house, a cotton
rises here in
name on
factory, a nail factory, 9 grain-
�GAZETTEKR OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE.
134
ly part of the town.
The
mer was discovered
in
It is
1813.
not extensive, and has not
suers be was obliged to swini
across the Hudson river three
times.
He is now living in
been
much worked.
good health
The
for-
latr
productive, and probably
It
v/as first
inexhaustible.
worked about ten years ago.
Its colour is white, mingled
with a dark shade. It is easily manufactured with the saw
or chisel, and is susceptible of
Although of a
a high polish.
soft nature, it is very adhesive
and heavy, 12 cubic feet weighing one ton.
After it is prepared at the quarry, it is sold
for gl,42 cts. per cubic foot. It
is used for hearths, stoves, &c.
In several parts of this town,
large rocks of a globular form
are found directly poised on the
surface of others. Curiosities
of this kind, of. which the cause
certainly
is
mysterious, are
ter
common
to
many
placefe in this
Clay of a superior qualfound in large
quantities in this town, and in
some spots there have been seen
stroDg indications of iron ore.
Indeed several large pieces of
good purity have been found.
Richard
,
who has
long resided in this town, was
captured by the Indians during
the last French war in the year
Although guarded by
1756.
two warriors, he was able by
superior strength and agility
state.
ity for bricks is
to
at the
is
effect his
without
clothes.
the
escape, but not
loss
of
He wandered
all
his
entire-
naked between the lakes
George and Champlain for six
ly
days, eating nothing but berries
and bark. To elude his pur-
age of 77.
L.w.
Franconia, (formerly Morristown,)
lies in
the upper part
of Grafton county, near the
western side of the White
mountains which form its eastern boundary.
Lincoln and
Landaff are its southern, Concord its western, and Bethlehem its northern boundary.
The great Hay-Stack Mountain
is on the southetisterly extremity of this town, and French
and other mountains are within
its limits.
It contains 32,948
acres.
Several branches of the great
Amonoosjick rise in these moun-
and pass through this
town. Franconia was incorporated in 1760, and in 1810,
inhabitants.
contained
358
There is here an extensive iron
tains
factory
establishment.
The
company was incorporated December 18th, 1805, and is composed principally of Boston and
Salem gentlemen.
The works
consist of a blast furnace with
a reservoir of water near the
top as a precaution against fire,
an air furnace, a steel furnace,
a pounding machine to separate the iron from the cinders,
a forge with four fires and
two hammers, a turning lathe,
and a trip-hammer shop with
four fires and two hammers.
There are also in this town a
powder magazine, a saw-mill,
a grist-mill, 10 or 12 dwelling-
�GAZETTPiKR OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE
houses, a store, and a warehouse.
Mo3t of the ore wrought here
conveyed from Concord
is
mountain about 3 miles from
There is also a
the furnace.
large tract of coaling ground
belonging to the company, and
a highly impregnated mineral
spring about two miles from
the furnace. Not very far from
idj
carding-machine.
The free
will baptists have here a lurge
church and society urider the
care of Elder Richard Martin,
an aged and respectable minis-
There is also a society of
the regular baptists under the
care of Elder Morrison.
At
ter.
andFranconia ironworks,"
which wcte incorporated in
1808. These are built on the
Meredith bridge, which unites
town to Meredith, is a,
handsome village containing about 25 dwelling-houses, stores,
&c. A meeting-house was lately erected here by the inliabitants of the two towns for the
commtfn use of all orders of
same plan
christians.
this establishment are the upper works, called " the Haverhill
as
the former, but
this
their operations are not as yet
GiLMANToN, a township in
Strafford county, incorporated
so extensive.
G.
Gilford,
a township in
county, formerly a
part of Gilmanton, incorporated in 1727, and now containing
Strafford
about 1200 inhabitants. It is
bounded N. by Winnipiseogee
lake, E. by Alton, S. by Gilmanton, and W. by a long bay
which divides it from Gilmanton.
There are here several
The sumlarge mountains.
mits of two of them are witlyn
200 rods of each other, and
about 2000 feet above the level
of the town.
On
the souther-
Gunstock mountain
is Suncook pond^ which forms
the northerly source oi Suncook
ly part of
river.
,
Gilford has two meetinghouses, which belong to no
particular
denomination
of
christians, 3 trading stores, 4
grain-mills, 3 saw-mills^ and a
in 1727,and containing inlSlO,
4,338 inhabitants. It is bounded N. by Gilford, E. by Alton,
S. E. by Barnstead, S. W. by
line, and N.W.by
Winnipiseogee lake and bay
which separates it from Sanbornton, comprising an area of
Suncook river
58,448 acres.
Rockingham
a pond of that
Gilford line, the waters of which fall into another
pond of the same name, which
is larger than the former, being
about 350 rods long and 175
wide. From thence it falls into a third pond of the same
name 500 rods long and half as
wide. There are several smaller ponds in this town, in one
of which is the source oi Bow
Cook river.
There are in Gilmanton 5
meeting-houses,
20 schoolhouses, a court house, a cotton
factory, a nail factory, 9 grain-
rises here in
name on
*
�GAZETTEER OF NEVV-HAMPSIIIRE,
136
10 saw-mills, 2 clothing-
mills,
carding-machine, an
oil-mill, and 9 trading stores.
a
mills,
GoFFSTOWNin Hillsborough
county,
is
situated on the wes-
§5000, raised by subscription.
Merrimack river,
bounded N. by Dunbarton,
E. by Merrimack river, S. by
Bedford, and W. by NtwBoston and part of Weare, and
contains 29,170 acres.
It was
incorporated in 1761, and in
1810, contained 2000 inhabit-
There
ants.
A
handsome academy was
incorporated and built here in
1 794, and opened for the reception of studentsDecember,! 797.
It has generally from 30 to 50
students.
Its funds are about
is
here a congregational
church and society recently under the charge of the Rev. Isaac Smith,who died in March,
1817. There are several baptist societies,and one of friends.
One term of the common pleas
for the 1st district, is holden
here annually.
Hon. Joseph Badger, who
town in the year
1760, was its first magistrate,
and was highly instrumental in
settled in this
growth and prosperity. He
for many years judge of
probate, and resigned that office at the age of 70.
its
was
GiLsuM, a township in Cheshire county, incorporated in
1763, and
now
containing 513
inhabitants.
It is bounded N.
by Alstead and Marlow, E.
by Sullivan and Stoddard, S.
by Keene, and W. by Surry.
The eastern branch of Ashuelot river passes through this
town. Gilswn has 1 meetinghouse, 2 grain-mills, and 2 sawmills.
Elisha Fish who died
in 1807, was its first ordained
minister.
The annual average
number of deaths in this town
is not more than 6.
In 1813,
10 died here of the spotted fever.
terly side of
it is
In the S. W. extremity
of the town are the two Unconoonock mountains^ and in the S.
E.part is the Amoskeag bridge
and falls. Piscataquog river
passes through ihis place.
In
1771, Rev. Joseph Currier was
settled here in the congregational order.
Cornelius Waters andD.L.Morrill,have been
his successors.
There are
in
town
2 religious societies, 1 meeting-house, 8 trading-stores,
1
cotton factory
containing about '30 spindles, 7
grain-mills, 20 saw-mills, 2
clothing-milis, and 2 cardingmachines.
this
Goshen, a township
in Chescounty, incorporated in
1791, and in 1810, containing
hire
563 inhabitants. It is bounded N. by Newport and Wendell, E. by the county of Hillsborough, S.by Washington,and
W. by Lenipster and Unity,
and containsl2,02oacres. Little
Sugar river waters the north
part of the town^
Sunapee
mountain lies between Goshen
and Fishersfield.
Croydon
turnpike passes through the
west part of the town to ConThere is here
necticut river.
1 grain-mill,
2 saw-mills, 1
�im
GAZETTEER OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE.
clothing-mill,
and
1
distil-
lerv.
Grafton County is bounded W. by the west branch of
Connecticut river, S. by the
counties of Cheshire and Hillsborough, E. by Strafford, and
N. by Coos. Beginning at
Connecticut river, at the west
extremity of Dalton and running on the west and south
line of Dalton to Whitefield,
thence on the west and south
line of Whitefield to Bretton
Woods, thence on the west
and south line of Bretton Woods
southeast extremity of
thence south in a
straight line across unlocated
lands to the county of Strafford
at the northerly corner of
Tamworth, thence on the north
and west line of Sandwich and
on the south line of Holderness
to Pemigewasset river, thence
down that river to the N. E.
extremity of New-Andover,
thence on the northerly line of
that town and on the northeasterly line of New-London to
the N. E. extremity of Springfield, thence on the northerly
line of Springfield, New-Gran-
to the
Weare,
tham, and Plainfield to Connecticut river, and thence by
that river to the place
tioned.
first
men-
This county contains35 townships and a large quantity of
unlocated land. Its population
by the last census was 28,462,
of whom 4,837 were rateable
There are in this counpolls.
ty 29 stud-horses, 3827 other
horses, 386 four years old, and
18
998 more than two years old,
3522 oxen,1308 four years old,
9981 cows, 50,084 three years
old cattle, and 6107 over two
years old. In 1812, there were
also in this county 52 mules
and 3 jacks, and 577 acres of
orchard.
Grafton county contains 36
houses for public worship, 1
academy, 83 grain-mills, 118
saw-mills, 24 mills for dressing
cloth, 35 carding-machines, 1
49 trading-stores,
and 1 oil-mill.
The county prison is at HaverhiU, and the superior and infe-
paper-mill,
21
distilleries,
rior courts hold alternate sessions there and at Plymouth.
The
probate courts are holden
at Haverhill,
over,
Plymouth, Han-
Bridgewater, and
En-^
field.
Grafton, a township in the
county of that name, lies about
13 miles southeast from Dartmouth
college.
It
was incor-
porated in 1773, and now contains
931 inhabitants. It is
bounded N. E. bv Orange,
S. E. by Cushing's Gore,S.W.
by the line of Cheshire county
which separates it from Springfield, and N. W. by Enfield
and a part of Canaan, and contains 21,993 acres.
Branches
of Smith's river water the easterly part of the town,and Mascomy river its west part. There
are here 2 baptist meetinghouses, 6 grain-mills, 6 sawmills, 1 clothing mill, 2 carding-machines, 2 stores, and 1
distillery.
That
(lassis
species
of
specuiaris)
mineral,
commonly
�GAZETTEER OF NEW-HAMl^HIRE.
138
called isinglass, is found in a
state of great purity in Glass
It
hill mountain in this town.
adheres in the form of lamina
to rocks of white and yellow
The usual size of
quartz.
these lamina is about 6 inches
square, but some have been
found 18 inches. This glass
when prepared is transported
to Boston, and from thence
large quantities are exported
to England, probably for ship
It is found on the
lanthorns.
easterly side of the mountain,
which is about 200 feet high.
Many people are employed
every summer in collecting it.
Great Bay. The western
branch of Piscataqua river is
formed by Swamscot river,
which flows from Exeter, Winnicot river which comes from
Greenland, and Lamprey river
which divides Newmarket from
Durham these streams empty
into a bay 4 miles wide, called
Great Bay. The water in its
;
further progress is contracted
into a lesser bay, and there receives Oyster river from Durham, and Black river from Dover.
The whole branch
at
length meets the main stream
The tide
Hilton's point.
flows into all chese streams as
far as the lower falls in each,
and forms a very rapid current,
especially at the seasons of the
freshets, when the ebb continues about two hours longer
Piscataqua
than the flood.
bridge is thrown over the lower
extremity of Little bay. Newington lies on the eastern shore
at
this
bay, Stratham and
Greenland on the southern, and
Durham on the northern shore.
of
Great
Island.
(See
New-
castle.)
Greenfield, a township in
Hillsborough county, incorporated in 1791, and containing
in 1810, a population of 980.
It is bounded N. by a part of
Hancock and Franccstown, E.
by Francestown and Lymleborough, S. by Temple, and
W. by Peterborough, and coniains
16,904 acres, 187 of
which are water. Contoocook
river separates this tov/n from
Hancockc There is here one
pond about 200 rods long and
100 wide, besides several oth-
A
part of
Cnotchet ?nauntain rises from
the north part of this town,
and there is also a mountainous
tract in the southerly part.
Greenfield contains a congrega-
ers of less note.
tion.al meeting-house, (in
Rev.
J.
which
Walker was ordained
in 1812,) several
mills,
and 2
stores.
Greenland, a township in
Rockingham county, incorporated in 1703, and now containing592 inhabitants ; bound-
ed N. by the Great Bay and
Ncwingron, E. by .Portsmouth
and Rye, S. by Northampton,
and W. by Stratham, comprising 6,335 acres. The land
here which borders upon the
bay is of an uncommonly good
quality, and in a high state of
This part of the
cultivation.
�139
GAZETTEER OF NEW-KAMPSHIRE.
water through
is celebrated for producing excellent cider, large quantities of which are sold here
by the
The
annually.
parts of the town is light and
sandy but not unproductive.
Rev. William Allen, the first
town was the Rev. S. Perley,
who was ordained in 1779, and
was succeeded by the Rev.
William Rolf, who is the pre1
sent pastor. There is here
congregational and 1 baptist
town
soi^
in
otlier
settled minister in this town,
was ordained in 1707, and died
in 1760, at the age of 84. His
successors have been the Rev.
Messrs. M'Clintock, Neal,and
Abbot. The latter gentleman
is the present minister. There
meetingis here a spacious
house for the congregationalists, and a very convenient one
for the joint use of the methoThere are
dists and baptists.
also in this town 3 grist-mills,
2 saw-mills, and several trading
GROTON,a township
in Graf-
ton county, incorporated in
It was formerly called
1761.
Cockermouth. Its population
in 1810, was 549. It lies about
15 miles N. of Dartmouth col-
bounded N. E. by
Rumney, S. E. by Hebron, S.
W. by Orange,and W. by Dorchester, and contains 16,531
and
is
town
first
niinister
in
this
society, 1 meeting-house, 2
1
saw-mills,
grain-mills, 4
carding-machine, and 1 distillery.
H.
Hall's Stream
rises in the
highlands which separate Vermont from Lower Canada, and
falls into Connecticut rivcj at
the N. W. extremity of Stew-
Hale's Location is situatin
Coos county, and is
bounded N. and W. by ungranted lands, E. by Conway,
and S. by Burton. It is 800
ed
rods in length and 173 in width
at
its
north,
and 320
at
northerly part
is
watered
by
of the
several
branches of Baker's river, and
a number of streams which
its
south extremity.
Hampstead,
a township
Rockingham county, was
acres.
The
The
arlstown.
shops.
lege,
falling of
a box, &c.
m
in-
corporated in 1749, and contained in 1810, a population
It is bounded. N. by
of 75^'
Hawke and Sandown,
S.
E; by
New Found pond have
Plaistowy-S. by Atkinson, and
their sources here.
There is in Groton an iron
by Londonderry, and con400 of which
are water. There is here Washpond^ containing about 200
acres, and a part^yf Islandpond
Thi^
about the same size.
fall into
furnace for casting hollow ware.
This furnace is heated bywood,
and the fire is kept alive by
the action of air put in motion
W.
tains 10,623 acres,
�140
GAZETTEER OF NfiW-HAMPSSIRB.
which latter 897 were male^
and 828 females. The largest
number of deaths in any one
There is a year was 69, and the smallest
present minister.
number was 7.
In the year
pleasant village in this town
comprising 10 or 12 dwelling- 1737, 69 persons died here, 55
houses, a meeting-house, and of them by the throat distemOn the same year there
per.
several trading shops.
died of that disease, 99 in
Hampton, a township in Portsmouth, 88 in Dover, 210
Rockingham county, lying on in Hampton-falls, 127 in Exein Newcastle, 37 in
ter, 11
It was incorpothe sea-coast.
Gosport, 44 in Rye, 18 in
rated in 1638, and contains a
Greenland, 21 in Newington,
population ot 990. It is bounded N. E. by Northampton, S. 22 in Newmarket, 18 in StratE. by the sea, S. W. by South ham, 115 in Kingston, 100 in
Hanipton, and N. W. by a part Durham, and 22 in Chester, in
of Exeter, and contains 18, 129 all about one thousand deaths
from July, 1736 to September
acres.
Hampton was called by the 1737.
In the year 1754, the same
Its first
Indians Winicowett.
disease again visited Hampton
minister was Stephen Bacheland carried off 55 persons.
der, who was settled in 1638,
In the year 1638, the generand dismissed in 1641. His
Mr.
al assembly authorized
successors have been Timothy
Dalton, John Wheelwright, (a Dummer of Newbury ,together
brother of the celebrated Mrs. with John Spencer to erect a
Hutchinson,) Seaborn Cotton, house in Hampton, which was
John Cotton, Nathaniel Gook- afterward called the bound
house, although it was intendjn. Ward Cotton, Ebenezer
Thayer, William Pidgeon, Jes- ed .as a mark of possession
se Appleton, (now president of rather than of limit.
This step having been taken
Bowdoin college,) and J. Webtoward population, a petition
ster, the present pastor.
Hampton is a valuable and praying leave to settle here,
was presented to the assembly
flourishing township, containby a number of persons chiefing two meeting-houses, and
ly from Norfolk in England,
in its compact part, many handsome buildings and several and the prayer was granted.
An academy has re- They commenced operations
shops.
by laying out the township incently been opened here, which
has much promise of useful- to 147shares,and having formed a church,they chose Stephen
ness.
Between the years 1731 and Bacheld&r for their minister,
1791, there were in this town with whom Timothy Dalton
associated.
afterwards
884 deaths and 1725 births, of was
Rev. Henry True was settled
here in 1/52, and died in 1782.
The Rev. John Kelly is the
�GAZETTEER OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE.
number of inhabwas 56, among whom
were John Moulton, Christopher Hussey, William Sur-
The
original
141
N.E. by Hampton, S.E. by the
marsh, S. by Seabrook, W.
by Kensington, and N. W. by
Exeter, and contains 7,400 a-
itants
salt
geant, &c.
cres.
In July, 1617, the Indians
having commenced their work
of depredation and death, the
government ordered 200,friendly Indians and 40 English soldiers under the command of
Benjamin Swett of
Capt.
Hampton and Lieut. Richardmarch to the falls of
soii to
Taconee on Kennebeck river
in the course of the march,
Swett discovered in the place
now called Scarborough, three
parties of Indians stationed on
a plain.
He separated his men
in the sa.me manner and prepared to attack them. The enemy continued to retreat, till
they had drawn ©ur men about
Theophilus Cotton, the first
minister settled here, was ordained in 1712, and died 1726.
His successors have been Rev.
Joseph Whipple, Jonah Bailey,
;
two miles from the
fort,
and
then turning suddenly upon our
youthful and unexperienced
soldiers, they threw them into
confusion.
Swett, with a few
of his most resolute companions
fought bravely on his retreat,
till he came near the fort where
he was killed and 60 more
left dead or wounded.
On the
17th of August, 1703, a party
of 30 Indians under Capt.
Tour, killed 53 persons in
Hampton, among whom was a
widow Mussey, celebrated as a
preacher
among the quakers,by
whom she was much
lamented.
Hampton Falls,
a part of
570 inhabitants
incor-
now
porated in 1712, and
tains
formerly
Hampton, was
;
con-
bounded
Paine Wingate, Samuel Langthe
presdon, D. D., and
ent minister. Rev. J. Abbot.
There are here 2 meetinghouses, 1 for congregationalists and another for baptists, S
grist-mills, 2 saw-mills, 1 cloth-
and
1 carding-maJuly 26, 1730
to September 26, 1736, there
were 210 persons destroyed
here by the throat distemper,
160 of whom were under the
age of 10, 40 between the ages
of 10 and 20, 9 above 20, and
several more than 30 years old.
ing-mill,
chine.
From
Hancock, a township In
Hillsborough county, incorporated in 1779, and now containing 1184 inhabitants; bounded
N. by Antrim, E. by Greenby Peterborough, and
the line of Cheshire
county, which divides it from
Nelson, comprising within the
field, S.
W.
by
limits 19,372 acres.
The south
of Contoocook river
separates
this
town from
There is here a
Greenfield.
pleasant village, containing about 15 dwelling houses,stores,
&c. a meeting-house, a cotton and woollen factory, S
grist-mills, 5 saw-mills,2 cloth-
branch
ing-mills,
and
t
carding-ma-
�GAZETTEER OF NEW-IIAMPSHIRE.
142
Rev. Reid Page was
chine.
ordained here in 1791, and is
the pi-esent minister.
granted and suitable provision
for the education of
Indian youth, in such a manner
as should appear most expedi-
was made
Hanover, a township in
Grafton county ,incorporated in
1761, and now containing 21 35
ent for civilizing and christianizing them, also for the instruc-
N. by
the liberal arts and sciences.
The institution, thus established, gradually grew into an use-
inhabitants
;
bounded
Lyme, E. by Canaan,
S. by
by ConnectiIt is about 6 miles
cut river.
square and contains 27,745 a-
Lebanon, and
W.
In the
cres of land and water.
river in front of the town there
are three small islands, the
largest of which is 75 rods
long and 20 wide. Moose mountain extends across the town
from N. to S. at a distance of
5 miles from the river. Grafton turnpike passes through the
N.E. part of the town to Or-
At
a short distance
from the colleges there is a
handsome bridge, which con^
ford.
nects this town with Norwich.
There are in Hanover 2 meeting houses, centrally situated
near the colleges, and 4 religious societies, 3 of which are
of the congregational, and 1
of the baptist denomination.
Th^ edifices of Dartmouth
college are situated on a handsome plain in this town, about
half a mile from the river in
This institulatitude 43° 33'.
tion derived its name from the
right Hon. William, Eari of
Dartmouth, who was one of its
first and most generous benefactors.
It was founded by
the pio4is and benevolent Dr.
Eleazer Wheelock, who in
1769, obtained a royal charter,
wherein ample privileges were
tion
of English youth in
all
and flourishing seminary.
In 1754, Dr. Wheelock, having collected large donations
from different parts of England,
Scotland, and America, and esful
pecially
from Mr. Joshua
Moor
of Mansfield, established a
school for the instruction of Indian youth in
Stockbridge,
Massachusetts, to which he
gave the name, of Moor's
school.
As
the
number of candidates
for this school increased, itJae-
came necessary
to erect suita-
That part of
the country, where it was first
established,
having become
populous, a removal was determined on. When this intention became publicly known,
proposals were made by many
private and public characters in
several of the neighbouring colonies. The prudent foresight of
the founder, sanctioned by the
adviceofthe trustees inEngland
in whose harrds the donations
were lodged, and at the head of
ble
buildings.
whom
was the Earl of Dartmouth, induced him to accept
proposals, which wer« made by
the governor of New-Hampshire and other gentlemen in
this state.
The town of Hanover was accordingly fixed up-
�GAZETTEER OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE.
on as the most convenient situation for the school.
His excellency governor Wentworth
soon annexed a charter for an
university, December 13,1769,
which received the name of
Dartmouth college from its
principal benefactor.
The college received large
donations of land including the
whole township of LandafF, besides manv other wild tracts in
different situations, amounting
in the
whole to 44,000
acres.
A
valuable lot of 500 acres in
Hanover was selected as the
site of the school and college.
Besides these donations ofland,
the sum of 340 pounds sterling
was subscribed to be paid in
labour, provisions, and matenals for building.
September,
1770, Dr.
Wheelock removed his family
and school into the wilderness.
In
At first their accommodations
were similar to those of other
settlers.
They erected
log-houses, which they occupied till better edifices qould be
The number of
prepared.
scholars at that time was 24,
6 of whom were Indians.
In 1771, the first commencement was held, and degrees
were conferred on four students, one of whom was John
Wheelock, the son and successor of the founder.
new
The funds of this institution
consist chiefly of lands, which
are increasing in value with
the growth of the country. The
annual revenue from these
lands is not far from §2000
and that arising from tuition
143
has beenS2i00.The number of
students has generally averag-
edlOO.
A grammar school
sisting of about
ars is
con-
50 or 60 schol-
annexed to the college.
The immediate
instruction
and government of the college
entrusted to the president,
is also professor of history,) a professor of mathematics and natural philosophy, a
professor
of languages,
a
professor of divinity, and two
is
(who
During the forty-three
the college was
tutors.
years
since
founded,
grees
whom
men.
it
has conferred de*
upon 1163 students, of
330 have been clergyThe whole rtumber of
students during that period has
been 1387, of whom 225 have
died.
There is attached to this seminary a handsome library and a
complete philosophical apparatus.
In 1786, a new college
was erected three stories high,
and 150 by 50 feet, containing
36 rooms for students. There
are several other buildings belonging to the institution.*
* III
consideration of the present conis now pending' on the concerns of this institution,a particular ac-;
count of its present government is
omitted. In 1815, the trustees removed from office the president (Hon. John
test,
which
Wheelock) and appointed Rev. Fran-
Brown as his successor. In the
course of the same year the legislative
and executive government of NewHampshire erected a new board of
trustees and appointed a new set of
executive officers, to whom the old
trustees and the old officers refuse to
surrender the property or the instruction of the college, until It shall be judicially decidetl, whether the legislature have any power to make the above
cis
�GAZETTEER OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE
144
Commencement is holden on
first Wednesday of Au-
the
There are three vacafrom commencement three and a half weeks,
another from the first Monday
of January, eight and a half
gustt
tions, the first
weeks.
The medical
ment here
is
departrespectable and
It was esextremely useful.
For the
tablished in 1798.
lectures on anatomy the professor is furnished with valuable preparations, and in the
chemical department there is a
well furnished laboratory. The
lectures on anatomy, surgery,
chymistry,materia medica, and
the theory and practice of
physic commence on the first
Wednesday of October and
There
continue eight weeks.
are about 4000 volumes in the
college library, and about 2000
in the libraries
formed by the
students.
Moor's Indian school is connected with the college, having
the same trustees and presiIts annual revenue is
dent.
from S400 to S600.
interference.
The
students generally
have followed the old government although the new-officers have taken
possession of the public rooms, the library,
apparatus.
Sic.
The
old gov-
ernment consist of president Brown,
and professors Adams and Shurtleff.
The new officers are the Rev. William
Allen (acting President,) and professors Dean and Carter. We express no
opinion on the merits of the unhappy
controversy which has produced this
singular situation of the college. It is
ardently hoped, that the questions
pending will soon be decided and the
irfstitution resume its former usefulness and prosperity. Hon. John Wheelock died in April, 1817.
Haveehill, a township on
Connecticut river in Grafton
county, incorporated in 1713,
and containing in 1810 a population of 1 105 ; bounded N.
E. b}' Bath, E. by Coventry,
S.W. by Picrmont, and W. by
Connecticut river, containing
o4,340 acres. Sugar loaf mountain lies on the eastern side of
the town bordering on Coventry.
Oliverian river passes
through the southerly extremity of Haverhill and falls into
Connecticut river at the compact village.
Fisher's brook
passes above the centre of the
town and falls into the river at
the GreatOx-bow or litde bend.
There have been three bridges
thrown from
bury, (Vt.)
this town to
There
is
New-
a hand-
some
village in the southwest
part of the town, containing
50 or 60 dwelling-houses, an
elegant meeting-house, a courthouse,
a county-prison, an
academy, 2 smaller meetinghouses, 3 grain-mills, 5 sawmills, 1 clothing mill, a carding-
machine, and an oil-mill. Irop
ore is found in this town and
also
a quarry of free-stone
suitable for hearths and chimney pieces. The superior court
hold its sessions here for the
county of Grafton.
HAWKE,a township in Rock"
ingham
in 1769,
county, incorporated
and now containing
412 inhabitants bounded N.
by Poplin, E. by Kingston, S.
by Hampstead, and W. by
Sandown, extending over 7000
:
acres.
Exeter
river
passes
�GAZETTEER OP NEW-HAMPSHIRE.
over the N. W. extremity of
the town, and a part of Chub
pond lies in that part of the
town which borders on Sandown. Hatvke was formerly
a part of Kingston.
The Rev-
John Page was settled here in
1763, and died in 1783, at the
age of 43. There is here an
ancient meeting-house and several mills.
Hebron, a township in Grafton county, containing a population of 563.
Its shape is irregular and is bounded N. by
a part of Rumney, E. and N.
E. by Plymouth, S. E. by
Bridgewater and a part of Alexandria, S. W. by Orange, and
N. W. by Groton. It contains
13,350 acres, 1500 of which
are water. Hebron has 1 meeting-house, several school-houses, mills, and a distillery.
145
the town
is a pleasant village,
containing about 25 dwellinghouses, 2 meeting-houses for
congregationalists,
and
1
for
1
dis-
quakers,
1
tillery,
la another part of the
oil-mill,
and
town there is 1 meeting-house,
4 grist-mills, 6 saw-mills, 1
clothing-mill, and 1 cardingmachine. Rev. Jacob Rice was
ordained here in 1769, and his
successor Rev. Moses Sawyer
is still in office.
Hillsborough, a township
county of that name, incorporated in 1772, and now
containing 1592 inhabitants;
bounded N. by Bradford, E.
by Henniker, S. by Deering
and Antrim, and W. by Windsor and a part of Washington,
comprising an area of 27,320
acres, 500 of which are water.
in the
There
are several ponds in
town, the largest of which,
Lion pond is about 300 rods
long and 200 wide.
Contoocook river waters this town,
and the 4th N. H. turnpike
passes through it.
There is
here a small village, containing
lOor 12 dwelling-houses,4gristmills, 6 saw-mills, 1
factory, 1 carding-machine, and 1
distillery. The Rev. J. Barnes
was ordained here in 1773,
Rev. Stephen Chapin and Seth
this
Henniker, a township in
Hillsborough county, situated
on the banks of Contoocook
river, containing in 1810, a
population of 1608, and bounded N.W. by Warner and the
S. E. extremity of Bradford,
N. E. by Hopkinton, S, E. by
Weare and the N. part of
Deering, and S.W.by Hillsborough, comprising an area of
26,500 acres, 135 of which are
water.
There are only two consid
erable ponds in this town,
Long pohd^ 270 rods long and
80 wide, and Round pond. Contoocook river passes through
the town from W. to E.
On
the banks near the centre of
19
^
Chapin the present minister
have been his successors.
Hilton's Point on Piscataqua river forms the S. E. extremity of the town of Dover wher'*, the main river is
formed by the junction Ne-
�M6
GAZETTEER OP NEW-HAMPSHIRE.
wichawannock and Cochecho
southern and
rivers with the
western branches. From this
point to the sea the distance is
7 miles, and the course S.to S.
The current is here so
E.
rapid that it never freezes.
Hinsdale
lies in the S.
W.
extremity of Cheshire county,
and is bounded S. by Connecticut river
which separates
(Vt.,) N.
Chesterfield.
from Vernon
it
and
Its
by
E.
southern line extends to Mas-
sachusetts and adjoins Northfield.
Its area is 14,000 acres.
Hinsdale was incorporated
in 1753, and in 1810, it con-
tained 740 inhabitants.
Ashu-
junction
here with the Connecticut. The
6th N. H. turnpike passes
through this plar.e to BrattleboroMgh (Vt.) West river mountain rises from the bank of the
river,neai* the borders of Cheselot
river
forms
its
This town was formerly called Fort Dummer,
and its situation is pleasant.
There is here a baptist and a
terfield.-
congregational meeting-house,
and a few
mills,
several
stores.
prisoners.
How and
town were
attacked from an ambush, and
How was killed. The Indians
proceeded to the fort, where
In July,
1
775^
Mr. Grout of
Mr.
this
the families of these men residThe people within, heared.
ing their approach and being
anxious to learn the cause of
the fi.ring they had just heard,
impatiently
opened
their
doors upon the savages, whom
in the dusk of the evening they
mistook for their friends. The
families consisting of 14 persons were made prisoners, among whom was the wife of
How. (See Belknap, Vol.
III.)
HoLLis, a townshipin Hillsborough county, incorporated
in 1746, and containing in 1810,
a population of 1529 bounded
N. by Amherst and Millford,
E. by Dunstable, S. by the line
of the state, W. by Brookline,
;
Fort Dummer was built in
1740, at the expense of Massachusetts, and there was also another fort here, called Hinsdale
and Bridgeman
der the command of captain
Willard discovered a party of
the enemy in ambush near the
mill, whom they put to flight
with the loss of their packs.
On the 8th of December,1747,
Hinsdale fort was bravely defended by four families, a fort
was burnt and several persons
were killed and others taken
fort.
On
comprising
19,620
There are here
sevei-al
acres.
ponds,
the 26th of June, 1746, a
attacked
of Indian's
Bridgeman fort,killed one per-
Long^
and Rocky pondsy averaging
from 3 to 600 acres each. Nis-
son and captured several othThe inhabitants dared
ers.
go to mill without a
not
guard, and several of thera un-
sitisset river
party
\\x. Flint's^ Penechuncky
crosses its S. W»
extremity, and Nashua river
its S. E. on which are two falls
of eleven feet each. There is
�gazetteer; of new-hampshire.
here a small village containing a congregational meetingRev. Daniel Emerhouse.
son was settled here in lf43,
and died in 1810, aged 86.
Rev. Eli Smith, his successor,
is the present pastor.
There
are in this town many valuable
mill seats
and several
in
Hillsborough county, incorporated in 1765, and now containing 2216 inhabitants ; bounded
N. by Bossawen and Warner,
E. by Concord, S. by Bow,
Dunbarton,andWeare, and W.
by Henniker, comprising 26,
acres.
Contoocook river
has a serpentine course through
town
and
receives
Black water and Warner riv-
this
There is in this town a
handsome village containing about 50 dwelling-houses, a coners.
gregational meeting-house,several stores, mechanic shops, &c.
There is also in other parts
of the town a baptist and several other meeting-houses. The
soil in Hopkinton is generally
of an excellent quality. Rev.
Stephen Scales was ordained
here in 1757, and removed in
1770, his successors have been
Rev. Elijah Fletcher, Jacob
Cram, and Ethan Smith the
present paster.
Elder Abner
Jones was ordained over the
baptist church in 1814.
Hopkinton is upon the whole a
handsome
flourishing
and
town.
One term of the superior court and one of the common pleas is held here annually.
On the 27th of April, 1746,
a party of Indians entered one
of the garrisoned houses in this
town, the door having been accidentally left open.
Eight of
the people were carried off,
and several of them died in
captivity.
mills.
HoPKiNTON, a township
967
14f
Indian Stream rises in the
lands which divide this
state from Lower Canada, and
is UHdoubtedly the most northhigh
ern branch of Connecticut rivFrom its source to Stewartstown, a distance
of 30
miles, its course is direct.
er.
IflNGLAss River has its
source in Bow pond on the
county line between Northv/ood and Harrington, receives
the waters of several ponds in
Barrington and falls into Cochecho river at the south part
of Rochester.
Israel's River receives a
southerly branch which flows
from the northern side of the
White hills and the township
of Durand, and a northerly
branch from Kilkenny and
Northumberland. These bran*
ches unite at Lancaster in a
main stream which falls into
Connecticut river, on the westerly side of Lancaster village.
This is a beautiful stream, and
bordered with highly cultivated lands.
J.
jAFFREY,a township
hire
in
Ches-
county, incorporated
in
�MS
CA^ETTfiER OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE.
1773, and containing in 1810,
1336 bounded
N. by Dublin, E. by Cheshire
county line, which separates it
from Sharon and Peterborough, S. by Rindge and Fitzwilliam, and W. by a part of
Fitzwilliam and Marlborough,
comprizing an area of 25,600
acres, of which 987 are water.
The north boundary of the
a population of
;
town crosses the Grand Monadnock mountain, which is
more than 2000 feet in height.
Long pond m. the north part of
the town is 400 rods long and
140 wide. Gilmore pond is 300
long and 180 wide. The 3d
N. H. turnpike passes thrifUgh
this
eral
town, and near it is a minspring about one mile
S.E. of the Grand Monadnock.
company has been incorporated for the management of its
waters.
Red ochre has been
found near the spring;, and in
its vicinity have been discovered black lead, copperas^ alum,
sulphur, and an ore yielding
from the action of a common
forge, a copper coloured metal.
On the N.W.side of the mountain a cave has been discovered, difficult of access, although
it has an area 80 feet square.
Here is found also that rare
A
and valuable
tain ash.
A
tree, the mouncompany was in-
corporated in this town in 1813,
for the manufactory of cotton
and woollen goods, their fac-
on t>he turnuppermost factory on Contoocook river,and is
intended to employ 1000 cot-
tory
pike.
is
situated
It is the
ton spindles. There are several
mills in its vicinity.
Another company has been
incorporated in this town for
manufacturing
the
various
kinds of crockery and earthen
Belonging to this comware.
pany is an extensive mine of
white clay in the town of Monkton (Vt.) whence it is transported to Jaffrey. This clay
has been analyzed and compared by skilful chemists with
that from which the
white ware
is
European
made and no
has been
discovered.
The practicability of the above plan has been
fully ascertained by the progress already made in the mandifference in quality
Rev. Laban Ainsworth was ordained here in
1782, and is still in office.
There are here a baptist and a
congregational society, for each
of which there is a meetingufacture.
house.
Jefferson, a township ia
Coos county formerly called
Dartmouth, lying on the banks
of Israel's river, which passes
from its southern to its western extremity.
It was incorporated in 1765, and now contains about 200 inhabitants.
It is bounded N. by Barker's
location and a part of LanE. by Kilkenny, S.
caster,
ungranted
by
lands
and
Bretton Woods, and W^ by
Bretton Woods and Whitefield,
cres,
ter.
comprising
26,076
300 of which are
a-
wa-
�149
GAZEXrEER OF N^EW-HAMPSHIRE.
Pondcherry pond in this town
200 rods in diameter,
and forms the source of one
of the branches of John's river.
Pondcherry bay is about 200
rods long and 100 wide. In
the N. E. part of the town lies
Plinny mountain and in the S.
W. part is Pondcherry moimis
'
The Jefftrson turnpike
tain.
passes through this place to
Lancaster. There are here 2
grain-mills and 1 saw-mill.
John's
River
has
the
source of its most southerly
branches in Bretton Woods,
Whitefield, and Dalton, of its
middle branch in Pondcherry
pond^ and of its northern, in
Martin's meadow in LancusThese branches unite in
tcr.
the upper part of Daltan in a
main stream, which falls into
the Connecticut river at the
upper bar of the 15 miles falls.
The mouth is here 30 yards
wide.
while ascending was astonished at the singular appearance of the stones, which form
the body of the mountain as
well as of those which lie on its
They all appear to
surface.
have been once in a fluid state,
or to have composed the bottom of some sea. The large
masses, as well as the detached pieces, were full of
small pebbles of all sizes,forms,
and colours, confusedly thrown
The
together and cemented.
small stones retain their perfect shape in the solid mass of
which they form a part. The
whole appearance in short, inthese pebbles
dicated, that
were once in a separate state
and were consolidated by some
unknown
'
cause.
Kearsarge Mountain,
in
Hillsborough county, lies partly in Kearsarge Gore and partly in Sutton.
Its easterly
ex-
tremity extends to New-Salis-
This is
bury and Andover.
one of the second vange in the
K.
state.
Kearsarge Mountain,
in
Kearsarge Gore,
Coos county, lies on the dividing line between Bartlett and
This is the third
Chatham.
borough county,
range of mountains in the state.
Its height has not been ascer-
in Hills-
on the
habitants,
tained.
A
gentleman,
who
resides
neighbourhood of this
range observes, that in October, 1812, he went in company
with two of his neighbours to
view the mountain, which lies
on the north of Conway, and
in the
southerly
mountain.
lies
side of Kearsarge
It contains 152 in-
and is bounded N.,
by Wilmot, E. by Salisbury, S.
by Warner, and W. by Sutton,
comprizing an area of 428
acres.
In the year 1807, that part
of Kearsarge Gore together
with a part of New-London
was incorporated into a town
by the name of Wilmot.
�150
GAZETTEER OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE,
Keene, one of the
pal townships
in
princi-
the county
incorporat-
of Cheshire, was
ed in 1752, and in 1810, <;on-
tained 1646 inhabitants; bounded N. by Gilsum, Surry, and
Westmoreland, E. by Surry
and Roxbury, S. by Swansey,
and W. by Chesterfield and
Westmoreland, and contains
23,843 acres.
Ashuelot river passes thro'
this town and receives here
the eastern branch of Beaver
brook. The 3d N. H. turnpike has its course through
here, and meets the branch and
Chester turnpikes and several
other principal roads.
Keene
contains a very handsome village of about 60 dwelling housbank,
es,
a meeting-house,
court-house, gaol, and several
stoies, &c. About a mile from
the village, a canal is cut from
Ashuelot river, on which is a
woollen factory,an oil-mill, and
several other mills.
were to rush
the
fort.
in
and surprize
Ephraim
who happened
to
Dounan
go out very
early discovered the ambush
and gave the alarm. He brave-
defended himself against 2
Indians, from one of whom
he took a gun and a blanket,
which he carried to the fort.
The Indians succeeded in burning several houses and barns,
and from the bones found among the ashes, it was ascertained that several of the enemy were destroyed in the
flames. John Bullard and Nathan Blake were taken captive
and carried to Canada where
Blake remained 2 years. He
died in Keene 181 1, at the age
of 99. He was one of the
of this place, to
first settlers
ly
which he removed in 1736,
from Wrentham, (Mass.) He
married a second wife at the
age of 94. Two of his brothers lived to the age of 90, and
a sister to 100.
The Rev. Jacob Bacon was
in 1738, and has
been succeeded by the Rev.
Messrs. Carpenter, Sumner,
and Hall, the latter of whom
died in 1814.
This town was formerly
settled here
Upper Ashuelot.
In
1746, the Indians commenced
their depredations here, and in
the course of the next year
they formed a plan to surprize
the fort in this place.
In the
evening they concealed themselves in a swamp, where they
intended to lie till the people
should go out to their work
the next morning, when they
called
Kensington, a townehip in
Rockingham county, incorporated in 1737, and now containing 781 inhabitants; bounded N. by Exeter, E. by Hampton Falls, S. by Soutlxampton,
and W. by East-Kingston.
Kensington was formerly a
part of Hampton. Rev. Joseph
Fogg was settled in this town
time of its incorporation
There are
and died in 1 800.
here two religious societies
and two meeting-houses.
at the
Kilkenny, a township in
Coos county, of an irregular
�GAZETTEER OP NEW-HAMPSHIRE.
I'orm
and mountainous surface,
incorporated in 1774, and now
containing only 28 inhabitants ;
bounded N. E. by Durand,
Mainsborough, Paulsburg,and
Dummer, N. and S. by ungranted lands, and W. by Barker's location, Jefferson, Lancaster, and Piercy, and con-
A
branch
of Nashes stream crosses the
northerly extremity of this
tains 15,906 acres,
town and
Israel's river
its
southern.
Kingston, a township in
Rockingham county, incorporated 1694, and now containing a population of 746 ; bounded N. by Brentwood, E. by
East-Kingston, S. by Newton
and Plaistow, and W. by
Hampstead and Hawke, containing 12,188 acres, of which
Great pond^
800 are water.
containing about 500 acres, and
about 300 acres of County
pond are in this town. In these
ponds Powow river has its
source.
Ward
Clark was setand died in
Rev. Messrs. Secomb,
1737.
Tappan,and Thayer have been
post road
his successors.
leading from Boston to Portsmouth passes through this
town. There is here an ex-
Rev.
151
back mountain. Taking a southerly course,it passes into Deerfield and receives the waters
of Martin's pond, and in Candia a stream called Second river falls into
es into
it.
Thence
it
Raymond, where
passit
re-
western
a
branch.
I'hence taking a southerly direction, it unites with the waters of Jones' pond in Deerfield, and thence as it flows on
through Epping, it receives
Petuckaway river, and after a
bend to the N. E. it receives
North river. After a course
thence through Lee to Durham, it unites with Piscasick
river from Newmarket.
It
meets the tide water about two
miles above the Great bay.
ceives
Lancaster, a township
m
Coos couHty, on the eastern
bank of Connecticut river, incorporated in 1763, and containing in 1810, a population of
717 inhabitants. It is bound-
ed N. E. by Northumberland
and Kilkenny, S. E. by Barker's location and a part of
tensive
W. by Dalton,
by Connecticut river,
containing 23,480 acres.
It
lies about 50 miles above Hanover.
In this town is Martin^&
meadow pondy about 260 rods
long and 150 wide, and also
Martinis meadow hill on the
Lamprey River has its
source in the town of Northwood, on the W.sidc of Saddle
The
north side of the pond.
village is about one mile distant from the river, and contains a meeting-house, courthouse, gaol, &c. Through this
village passes Israel's river
which falls into the Connecti-
tled here in 1725,
A
plain on which stands
a commodious meeting-house.
L.
Whitefield, S.
and
W.
�GAZETTEER OP NEW-HAMPSHIRE.
152
Incut at the Great Ox-bow.
dian brook waters the other
extremity of the town. Lancaster is united by a bridge
There
with Guildhall (Vt.)
are here several grain-mills
and saw-mills, an oil-mill, a
qlothing-mill, and a cardingmachine, a nail-factory, and 2
distilleries.
The Rev. J.Wil-
lard is the minister here.
Landaff,
in
Grafton coun-
was incorporated in 1794,
and now contains 650 inhabitants.
It is bounded N. E. by
Concord (Vt.) and a part of
Franconia, E. by Lincoln and
taining 632 inhabitants.
It is
bounded N. by Charleston,
Ac worth and Alstead,
by Acworth and Walpole,
and W. by Charleston, comprising 9,891 acres. The Cheshire turnpike leading \ from
Walpole to Charleston passes
through this town. Cold river
flows through Langdon and
E. by
S.
receives
here
its
northern
branch, which passes thro' Unity, Acworth, and Charleston.
ty
part of Peeling, S. W. by
Coventry, and W. by Bath,
comprising 29,200 acres.
a
Through this town passes
Wild Amonoosuck river,
the
on the north bank of which
is
it
contemplated to extend the
Bath
Over
turnpike.
the
west extremity of Landaff^ the
Great Amonoosuck
passes.
Landa^ mountain J Cobble mountain^ and Bald head mountain
are in this town.
Landa^was
granted to Dartmouth college
in 1769. There is here a methodist meeting-house, 2 cornmills, and 2 saw-mills, 2 distilleries,
and 4 shops.
The
first
ordained minister of the town
was Elder Royse. The centre
of Landaff is about 9 miles
5^. from Connecticut river.
-
Langdon, a township in
Cheshire county, 5 miles east
from Connecticut river, incorporated in 1787, and now con-
Lebanon,
W.
in the S.
a township lying
part of Cheshire
county, incorporated in 1761,
and now containing 1808 inhabitants bounded N.by Hanover, S. E. by Enfield, S. by
the line of Cheshire county,
which separates it from Plainfield, and W. by Connecticut
river which separates it from
Hartford (Vt.) its area is
;
22,998 acres. The Croydon
turnpike and the 4th N. H.
turnpike pass through
this
town
to
Lyman's bridge. At
White river empties
this place
itself
into
the
the
Connecticut.
White river
turnpike meets the two roads
Here
also
above mentioned.
Mascomy
river flows through
Lebanon from a pond of the
same name, on the borders of
There are here 2 reEnfield.
and 1 meetinghouse for the cqngregationalists, over whom Rev. J.Porter
was ordained in 1772. Lebanon contains 8 grist-mills, 9
ligious societies
saw-mills, 3 clothing-mills,
distillery, and 4 shops.
1
�GAZETTEER OF NEW-HAMP^SHIRE.
Lee, a township in the south
part of the county ot Strafford,
incorporated in 1 766, and now
containing a population of 1329
bounded N. by
Madbury, E. by Durham, S.
inhabitants
;
by Newmarket and Epping,
and W. by Nottingham and
Barrington, comprising an area of 11,467 acres, 165 of
which are water.
In the north part of the
lies Wheelxiiright pond,
165 acres,
containing about
and forming the principal
source of Oyster river. From
the N. W. extremity of Newmarket, Lamprey river enters
Lee, and after a serpentine
course of about seven miles it
town
Anothpasses into Durham.
er part of the town is watered
and North rivThrough the north part
of Lee the N. H. turnpike
by
Little river
er.
153
Washington, S. by Marlow,
and W. by Acworth, comprising an area of 21,410 acres.
Near the border of Washington is a pond about 320 rods
long and 80 wide, and another
lying partly in Marlow 420
long and 70 wide, besides several others of a
smaller size.
Lempster is also watered by
Sugar river and two branches
of Cold river. The easterly
pait of the town is mauntainonis, over which part passes
2d N. H. turnpike from
Amherst to Claremont.
In
the
town also the Charleston
turnpike branches off.
There
are here 7 school-houses, and
congregational
1
meetinghouse.
Rev. E. Fisher was
the first and only minister ever settled in this town.
He
was ordained in 1787, and is
this
still in office.
from Portsmouth to
Concord.
There is here a Friend's
meeting-house and another for
several grist and
the baptists
In 1812, eighteen persons
died in this town, and twelve
of them of the spotted fever.
In 1813, five others died of
that disease.
This fever first
a
appeared in Lempster on the
20th of March, 1812, and continued spreading its malignant
contagion till the 3d of April.
In 1813, it again appeared about the middle of April, and
passes
;
saw-mills,
1
clothing-mill,
carding-machine, and several
Lee was formerly a
shops.
part of Durham and Dover.
The first settled minister here
was Elder S. Hutchins, who
has been succeeded by Elder
Elias Smith, and the present
pastor Elder J.-Osborn.
Lempster, a township in
Cheshire county, incorporated
in 1761, and containing inlSlO,
a population of 845 inhabitants.
Unity,
It is
E.
bounded N. by
by Goshen and
20
in
June
it
assumed the form
of the mild typhus. In 1803,
twenty-four children died here
in two months of the scarlati-
na an^inosa.
j.s.
T.A.
Lincoln,
a mountainous
Grafton county,
incorporated in 1 764, and now
township
in
�GAZETTEER OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE.
154
100 inhabitants
containittg
bounded N. by Franconia, E.
by ungranted lands, S. by
Peeling, and W. by Landaff,
;
comprising an area of 32,456
here in 1765, and removed ia
1781.
His successors have
been Rev. Messrs. Rand and
Kennedy, and another gentleman lately ordained.
acres.
In this trown
is
situated the
Hay-Stack ?nountainy which
is
said to be the highest land in
the state excepting the White
There are also
mountains.
several other lofty eminences
in this town.
Through the centre of Lincoln passes
er
in
a
Pemigewasset
northerly
riv-
direction.
The waters descending from
the mountains here flow partly
into the Merrimack and partly
In the
into the Connecticut.
north part of this town there
are two large gulfs,
made by
an extraordinary discharge of
water from the clouds in
1774.
Litchfield, a small township in Hillsborough county,
lying on the east side of Merrimack river opposite to the
town of Merrimack.
It
was
incorporated in 1 749, and contained in 1810,382 inhabitants.
It is bounded E. by Londonderry and Nottingham West,
by Nottingham West, and
by the Merrimack. In
this town are CromwelPs falls
ThorntorCs and
and Jerry,
ReeiTs ferries, zr\d Maoris falls.
At Thornton!s ferry the Merrimack is 50 rods wide, and in
There
other points about 28.
are in this town several mills
and one meeting-house. Rev.
Samuel Cotton was ordained
S.
W.
Littleton, a township in
the northern extremity of Grafton county, incorporated in
1784, and now containing 876
inhabitants.
It
Is
bounded
N. E. by Dalton, S. E.by Bethlehem, S. W. by Concord and
Lyman, and W. by Connectiwhich separates it
from Waterford and Concord
in Vermont.
Its area is 24,
217 acres.
Zz7?/d'^on extends on the banks
of the Connecticut about 14
cut river,
It is connected with
Concord, (Vt.) by a handsome
miles.
bridge.
The southern part of
the town is watered by the
Amonoosuck
river.
There are
here several mountains, viz.
Bluberry,Black,-And Iron mountains.
There are
sevt;ral mills, a
in this
town
meeting-house,
and about a dozen dwellinghouses.
Little Harbour.
(See
Newcastle.)
Londonderry, a large and
respectable town in Rockingham county, was incorporated
in
a
1722, and contained in 1810,
population of 2766 inhabi-
bounded N. by
and M^inchester, E.
by Hampstead, Sandown, and
Atkinson, S. by S.sh m, Windham, and Nottingham West,
and W. by Litchfield, comtants.
Chester
It is
�GAZETTEER OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE.
prising an tirea of 44,100 acres.
Derry pond
town is
the principal source of Beaver
in
this
Several other small
ponds in the west part of the
town empty themselves into
this river.
turnpike passes
here leading to Chester. There
are in Londonderry 2 presl>yterian meeting-houses, an academy, 5 grist-mills, 5 saw-mills,
2 clothing-mills, 2 carding-machines, and 6 trading stores.
The first minister here was the
river.
A
Rev. James M'Gregore, who
was ordained
the town was
when
Nui field.
17"! 9,
in
called
He
Rev. M.
died in 1729.
Clark was his successor, who
died soon after his settlement.
Rev. Alexander Thompson
was ordained in 1734, and died
in 1791, at the age of 81. His
successors have been the Rev.
Messrs. Brown and Parker,
156
an ardent thirst for
civil
and
relV-rious liberty.
A
young mun of the name
of Holmes, son of a clergyman, had travelled to America, and earned home such a
favourable report of the country, as induced his father with
three other presbyterian ministers, viz. James M'Gregore,
William Cornwell, and William Boyd, and a large part of
their congregations to emigrate
Having converted their property into money, they embarked in five
ships on the 14th of October,
17l8,-of whom about one hundred families arrived in Boston.
Sixteen of these families
soon rletermined to settle on a
tract of land of which they
into this country.
heard good reports, which was
then called Nutfield, and
Londonderry.
Karly
now
the latter of whom is the preOver the second
sent pastor.
parish the Rev. D. M'Gregore
the
spring the men left their families in Haverhill, (Mass,) and
erected some huts near a brook,
was ordained
which
in 1777.
in
1737, and died
He was
succeeded
by Rev. William Morrison
1783,
who
still
continues
in
in
office.
Londonderry was
settled in
1718, by a company from Ireland, of whom the following
A
a brief history.
company of Scotch presbyterians had
been settled in the province of
Ulster, in the reign of James
They had borne a large
I.
part of the sufferings which
were the common lot of protestants at that unhappy period,
and were thereby inspired with
is
On
in
falls into Beaver river.
the evening after their ar-
nth, 1718,) at this
sermon was preached
by Mr. M'Gregore under a
large oak tree, which to this
day is regarded by the posterrival (April
spot, a
ity
the
with real veneration. On
first administration of the
sacrament here, there were two
ministers and sixty-five communicants.
The
majority of
these first settlers had resided
in or near Londonderry in Ireland, where they had endured
the sufferings of a memorable
siege.
John Barr, William
�GAZETTEER OF NEW-HAMPSHmE.
156
Caldwell, and Abraham Blair,
with several others, who had
suffered in that siege and
em-
barked for America, were, by
a special order of king William,
exempted from taxes in every
part of the British dominions.
The
first
town lived
80,
many
settlers
in
this
to the average df
to 90,
and others to
bove Haverhill, incorporated
in 1761, and containing 018
inhabitants bounded N. E. by
Littleton, S. E. by Concord,
S. W. by Bath, and N. W. by
Connecticut river, which divides it from JBarnet in Vermont.
The soil and productions of
;
Lyman
are similar to those of
in the northern
The pine
JDart of the state.
and hemlock indicate the most
valuable qualities in the soil.
other
100.
The spotted fever prevailed
here in 1814, and carried oif
52 persons.
towns
Over Lndoes
falls in
this
town
LouDON,a township in Rockingham county, incorporated
a bridge has been erected. Two
miles above this spot is Ste-
and now containing
a population of 148 inhabitants.
It is bounded N. E. by Gil-
pheri's ferry.
in 1673,
E. by Pittsfield and
Chichester, S. W. by Concord,
and N. W. by Canterbury,
comprising 28,25-7 acres.
Suncook river, flowing from
Gilmanton, passes through the
western part of this town.
Into this river are emptied the
waters of Crooked pond^ Rollins' pond^ and several others
which lie in this town.
In Loudon there are 2 meeting-housts, 5 grist-mills, 2
carding-machines,3 distilleries,
and 4 trading shops. Rev. J.
Tucker was ordained here in
This town was formerly
1 789.
a part of Canterbury.
manton,
S.
Lovewell's Pond
Is at
the
head of the westerly branch of
Salmon falls river, in the town
of Wakefield.
Lyman, a township in Grafton county, about 13 miles a-
er has
its
Burnhant's rivsource in this town,
and falls into the Amonoosuck
at Concord. Lyman mountain^
which is in fact a continuation
of Gardner's mountain, extends from LandaflF through
this town in a north and south
direction.
On its summit is a
pond 100 rods long and 80
wide, which forms the principal source of Burnhajn's river.
Copper and emery mixed with
been found in
iron ore have
this town.
In the year 1812,
the spotted fever prevailed in
Lyman : it attacked 70 persons,
of whom only one died.
It
is a remarkable fact, that of the
three first families who -settled
in this town there were twenty
sons, of whom seventeen are
now living here. One of the
twenty died by casualty and
the other two live elsewhere.
There are in Lyman 3 gristmills, 3 saw-mills, 2 clothing-
mills, 1
carding-machine,2 disand an oil-mill.
tilleries,
�GAZETTEER OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE.
Lyme, a township in Grafton county, incorporated in
1761, and now containing 1670
inhabitants ; bounded N. by
Orford, E. by Dorchester, S.
by Hanover, and W. by Connecticut river, comprizing an
area of 28,500 acres. There
are
several
which
ponds
form
2 saw-mi!ls, a clothing-mill,
and a nail factory. Rev. S.
Goodridge was ordained here
in 1768, died in
1809, and
was succeeded in 1810, by the
present pastor Rev. N. Merrill.
M.
Lynoe,
sources of
in
the
Grant's^ and Fairfield
brooks. Grafton turnpike pass-
Mad
Port's^
es through this
bridge.
There
town
is
to
Orford
here a small
village containing a presbyte-
rian meeting-'house, 10 dwelling-houses, 3 stores, &c. There
are also in other parts of the town
a baptist meeting-house, several grist and saw-mills, and a
carding-machine. Rev.W.Connant was settled here in 1773,
J5r
River
has
its
source,
pond on a mountain
a
in
'
in
ungranted part of Grafton county, about 10 miles
N. from Sandwich. Taking a
the
southerly course, it crosses the
S. E. extremity of Thornton
into Pemigewasset
Campton.
To this
junction from its source its
and
falls
river
at
course
is
southwest about 14
miles.
and was succeeded by the present minister, Rev. N.Lambert.
Madbury,
a
township in
Strafford county, incorporated
1755, and now containing
a population of 582 inhabitants;
bounded N. E. by Dover, S.
Lyndeborough, a township
of an irregular shape, in Hillsborough "county bounded N.
by Francestown, E. by New-
in
W.
by
Boston and Mount-Vernon, S.
by Milford and Wilton, and
W. by Greenfield and Temple.
It contains 20,767 acres, and
inhabitants,
was in1074
N.
W.
ity
and under excellent
;
corporated in 1764.
by Barrington, comprizing an area of 8,125 acres.
Bellamy bank river has its
source in Chelsey's pond in
passes
Barrington,
through
Madbury in a serpentine course
and is the only considerable
stream which waters the place.
The soil here is of a good qual-
Among
the mountains in the N. part
of the town Sowhegan river
has its source. Through other parts of the town flow Pis-
On
meeting-house, in which Elder W. Hooper officiates.
the S. side of this
mountain stands the meetinghouse of the town- There are
also in the town 2 grain-mills,
culti-
vation.
The inhabitants are
generally baptists and have a
cataquog and Rocky rivers.
Warner^s brook takes its rise
near a mountain 1450 feet in
heigh-t.
Durham and Lee, and
.
Manchester,
'
in
a township
Hillsborough county, situat-
�GAZETTEER OF NEW-IIAMPSHIRK.
158
ed on the eastern bank of Merrimack river. It was incorporated in 1752, bv the name of
Derryfield, and in 1810, reIt is
ceived its present name.
bounded N. and E. by Chester,
S. by Londonderry, and W.
by Merrimack river, which
separates it from B<^dford and
Goffstown, comprizing an area
of 15,071 acres,550ol which are
Massabesick pond lies
Amuskeag
partly in this town.
falls and 3PGreg'ore^s bridge
are on the Merrimack between
Goffstown.
town and
this
Blodgct^s canal is cut round the
quarters near Memphremagog
They then adopted him as
a son and clothed him in fine
robes.
This early captivity,
from which he soon escaped,
qualified him for the duties of a
partisanofficerinthesucceeding
lake.
war, from which station he was
afterwards exalted to the rank
of major general of the continental army.
water.
on the Manchester side.
Througii the lower part of the
town Cohass brook flows from
Massabesick pond to Merrimack
river, and a canal is projected
for the purpose of making this
falls
canal navigable for boats, rafts,
Manchester has 1 meet&c.
ing-house, several mills, and
a coiton and woollen factory.
This town is the residence
of Maj. Gen. John Stark, the
hero of Bennington. There is
an anecdote related of this ven-erable man, which is not generally
known, and for that rea-
has
among
the high
lands, which separate Maine
from Lower Canada, in the N.
source
E. extremity of New-Hampshire, about 30 miles N. from
Errol. After a southerly course
of nearly 20 miles on the western border of Maine, it enters
New- Hampshire
at the S.
E. part of the 2d
grant
to
Dartmouth
where
it
college,
forms a junction with the united streams of Dead and Di-
mond
Thence after a
rivers.
southerly course of about 6
milts to Errol it receives the
waters of Umbagog lake. Afthe main
ter this junction
stream is the Ameriscoggin
river.
may
not be unacceptable
While hunting when a
here.
young man with three companions on the banks of Baker's river he was captured by
He immea party of Indians.
son
Margallaway River
its
gave the alarm to his
brother William, who was in a
canoe at some distance and
For
who thereby escaped.
giving this alarm the Indians
treated him with great cruelty
arid carried him to their head
diately
Marlborough, a township
Cheshire county, incorporated in 1776, and now containin
bounded
N. by Roxbury, E. by Dublin
ing 1142 inhabitants
;
and Jaffrey, S. by Fitzwilliam,
and W. by Swansey and a part
of Keene. Its area is 20,749 aThe 3d N. H. and the
cres.
pass
Fitzwilliam turnpikes
through this town. There are
ponds, which
here several
�GAZETTEER OF NEW-H AMPS HIRE.
form the source of some of the
of Ashuclot river.
brnnches
The soil is rocky, suitable for
grain and flax and particularly
Kev. Joseph Cumfor grass.
miugs, the fiist minister in this
town, was ordained in 1778,
and dismissed in 1780. His
successor, Rev. H. Fish, was
ordained
in
1793, and
is still
Marlborough concongregational meetinghouse, a manufactory of sithes
and hoes, and another of earthen ware, several mills, and 1
carding-machine. The annual
average number of deaths in
this town for 20 years past has
been about 1 3. Capt. Andrew
Calhoun, an officer killed in the
revolutionary war, was of this
town.
in
office.
tains
1
,
Marlow, a township situatin the centre of Cheshire county, was incorporated
in 1761, and now contains 566
inhabitants ; it is bounded N.
ed nearly
by Acworth and Lempster, E.
by Washington and Stoddard,
S. by a part of Gilsum, and W.
by Alstead, comprising an area of \S^Ti7 acres.
Several
branches of Ashuelot river
rise in the small ponds of this
town, and its western part is
watered by a branch of Cold
river.
There is here a meeting-house in
which Elder
Caleb Blood was ordained
in 1777.
He has been succeeded by Elders Becket, Dustin, and Bates, the latter of
whom
is
now
in office
and be-
longs to the order oi method-
159
ists. Here are several grist and
saw-mills, and 1 trading shop.
Mascomy Pond
lies princ-
town of Enfield,
adjacent to Lebanon.
It is
1200 rods long and about 250
wide and contains 2,375 acres.
ipally in the
The surrounding
lands fully
indicate that the surface of the
pond was once 30 or 40
higher than
its
feet
present level.
There are also appearances of
a sudden rupture, as there are
no matksof any margin between
present and former height.
Nearly a mile from its present
its
outlet there
is a declivity of
rocks 40 feet higher than the
present level of the water.
These rocks exhibit proofs,
that the water once passed over
them, but it has now formed a
channel through the solid earth,
nearly a mile in length.
Mascomy River has the
source of its northern branch
in Smart's pond between Lvme
and Dorchester. This branch
has a southerly course to Canaan, where it receives the waters of Smart's and
Goose
ponds.
In Enfield it receives
the waters of East and IVJaid's
ponds and several others, and
empties
itself into
the
south-
of Mascomy pond.
The outlet of this pond is its
S. E. extremity in Lebanon
and there receives the name of
Mascomy river, which after a
course of 7 miles, falls into the
Connecticut a few miles below
east side
Lyman's
bridge.
�GAZETTEER OF ]vrEW-HAMFSHIKE.
160
Mason, a township in Hillsborough county, was incorporated in 1 768, and in 1810 conIt is
tained 1077 inhabitants.
bounded N. by Wilton, E. by
Milford and Brookline, S. by
the state line, which separates
it from Ashby and Townsend
in Mass., and W. by New-Ipswich, containing 18,860 acres.
Several small streams rise here
and water the town, on which
are many valuable mill seats.
The village here is called Sou-
and contains 10
or 12 dwelling-houses and 2
stores. The 3d N.H. turnpike
hegan
village
passes through the S. W. corner of the town. The soil here
is generally deep and loamy,
suitable to orchards and grain.
The surface is rough and stony.
Mason contains a meetinghouse, a large grain mill, and
several other mills,aad a cotton
Rev.
factory of 500 spindles.
minister in
J. Starles the first
this place was ordained in 1 772,
and was succeeded by Rev. E.
Hill in 1790, who is still in of-
Elder
fice.
tled over
this
W.
Elliot
is
set-
a baptist church in
town.
A
species of ochre is found
here, which in its natural state
gives a good yellow, and after
being burned yields a chocolate
In the northern part
colour.
of the town is a remarkable
channel was dug to
gulf.
turn a small stream through a
A
for the purpose of carrying
Bt;fore it was
of a small mill.
completed, a sudden freshet
hill
raised the water in one night,
so as to carry off the
to the depth of 60 feet.
Maynesborough, an
tled
ty,
township
containing
in
earth
e.h.
\
unset-
Coos coun-
34,106
acres,
and bounded N. by Paulsburgh, E. by Success, S. by
Selbunl and Durand, and W.
Ameriscoggin
by Kilkenny.
river passes through its easterly part where it receives Levi'fi
river from Success, and the
!
\
south branch of the Upper Amonoosuck from Paulsburgh.
This township lies 12 miles N.
of Mount Washington and
the same distance W. from the
eastern line of the state, and E.
from Lancaster.
Meredith, in Strafford
county, incorporated in 1768,
contained in 1810, a population
of 1940. It is bounded N. W.
by New-Hampton and Centreharbor, N. E. by the Great
bay which divides it from
Moultonborough,
S.
E.
by
Long bay and Winnipiseogee
river which separates it from
Gilford, and S. W. by San-
bornton bay and Sanbornton,
comprising an area of Z5^777
acres.
Two large bays in this
vicinity extend N. W. about 5
miles each, and on the line
of Centreharbor is Meredith
pond 2 miles in length and 1
Two mile» S. of
in breadth.
this is another pond 300 rods
long and 100 wide. The first
of these empties into Meredith
into Sanbai/y and the latter
They might
bornton bay.
,
�GAZETTEER
01
be united by a canal of 2 miles.
At Meredith bridge is a handsome village containing about
15 dwelling-houses, several
stores, mechanic shops, and a
In the whole
cotton factory.
town there are 4 meetinghouses, several mills, a carding-machine, a nail factory, 2
trading
and
distilleries,
7
stores.
The
inhabitants are generbaptist persuasion.
Elder N. Folsom is the only
ordained minister in the place.
canal has been projected
from Winnipiseogee lake to
ally of the
A
Merrimack
river,
which would
pass through Meredith, west
This plan if
of the bridge.
completed, would afford to
lumber and other heavy articles
a water carriage to Boston
and Newbury port from the
centre of
New-Hampshire.
Merrimack
River
is
formed by two branches. The
most northern of which, (Pemigewasset river) has
its
source
among the White mountains.
The other branch is a short
stream which flows from Winnipiseogee lake. These form
a junction at the S.W. extremity of Sanbornton, on the line
of Hillsborough county, and
compose the Merrimack^ the
general course of which is S.
by E. about 52 miles on a direct line (but about 80 miles as
the river runs,) to the southern
boundary of the state. From
Sanbornton corner it passes between Northfield, New-Salisbury, Canterbury, and Boscaw21
NEW-HAMPSHIRE.
161
These towns are connected by bridges. The Merri"
mack receives the Contoocoofc
river on the northern line of
Concord. From this junction
en.
the Merrimack passes in a serpentine course through the centre of Concord, forming a large
tract
of excellent intervale.
Two bridges are thrown over
the river, connecting the eastern and western parts of Concord.
The Merrimack^ after
leaving this town passes be-
tween Pembroke and Bow. In
Bow there is a canal on the
western side of the river round
Garvin's falls, and just above
these falls
Turkey river empdoes Suncook riv-
ties itself, as
er at the lower extremity of
Pembroke. About 400 rods
below the mouth of the Suncook are the Isle of Hookset
falls and bridge, over which
passes the Londonderry turnpike leading to Concord. Amuskeag falls are about 8 miles
below ; these consist of three
large pitches within
tance of half a mile
fall
of 80
feet.
the dis-
making a
There is a ca-
round these
falls on the
eastern side of the river and at
this place. M'Gregore's bridge
connects
Manchester
and
nal
Goffstown. At the lower part
of GolFstownCohass brook empties itself.
At the town of
Merrimack, about 5 miles farther
down, Sowhegan
empties
river
does the
Nashua river 7 miles lower on
the western side, flowing from
the town of Dunstable.
At
this town it takes an easterly
itself,
as
�GAZETTEER OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE.
162
direction, passing into
Tyngs-
borough, Chelmsford, &c. in
Massachusetts, and at N<rw-buryport
it
falls into
the sea.
Wilton, comprising an area of
15,402 acres. This town was
incorporated in 1794, and in
1810, its population was 1118.
large portion of its land is
intervale, lying on Sowhegan
river and ics branches.
Rev.
A
Merrimack,
a township in
Hillsborough county, incorporated in 1746, and containing a
of 1047 souls ;
populatipn
H. Moore, the present minister
was ordained over the congre-
bounded N. by Bedford, E. by
Merrimack river, S. by Dunstable, and W. by Amherst and
Mollis. Babboosuckund Fenny-
gational society here in 1812.
There is also a baptist society
without any settled pastor.
chunck ponds lie partly in this
town, and Sowhegan river here
unites with the Merrimack.
a
There are
in
this
Merry-MeetingBay
arm
ot
forms
Winni-
piseogee lake, extending about
5 miles therefrom into Alton.
(Vide Alton.)
MiDDLETON,
in
Strafford
county, was incorporated in
1778, and contains 439 inhabitants bounded N. by Brookfield, E. by Wakcfirld, S, by
Milton, and W. by New-Durham, comprising 9,840 acres.
There is here a meeting-house
;
in
which
Elder
here a meeting-house,
factory erected in
1813, a screw factory, several
mills, and 2 carding-machines.
is
cotton
town a
meeting-house, several mills,
and 3 trading stores. Rev. Jacob Burnhap,D.D. was ordained
herein 1772,and is still in office.
the southeastern
There
W. Buzzel
The Great Moose
mountain extends over the N.
officiates.
Milton,
in Strafford counformerly a part of
Rochester, and \» bounded N.
W. by Middleton, E. by Salmon falls river, which divides
it
from Shapley (in Maine,)
and S.W; by Farmington. Its
area is 25,000 acres, and lii
number of inhabitants 1005.
It extends more than 13 miles
Branch
on S ilmou falls river.
river crosses the S.W. extremity of the town.
Teneriffe
mountain lies on its easterly
is
Milton
side, near which
pond. The southerly extremis
ty of IMilton is 9 miles and 82
rods dist.int from Witkefield.
There are here 3 religious societies, i meeting-house, 3 grainty,
was
mills, 3 saw-mills,
and 3 trading
mill,
1
clothing-
stores.
part of the town.
MiLFORD,
Hillsborough
county, is bounded N. by
Mount- Vernon and Lyndeborough, E, by Amherst, S. by
Hollis, and W. by Mason and
in
MiLLSFiELO, an uninhabitm Coos county, 7
ed tov/iiship
miles W. of Umhagoi:^ lake
and 35 N. from the White
hills bounded N. by Dixville,
E. by Errol, S. by Dummer,
;
�GAZETTEER OF NE\f -HAMPSHIRE.
'
lea
W. by Erving's location. the state, deriving its name
comprises 24^100 acres, and from the great numbers of
was incorporated in 1774: moose which were formerly
Clear stream waters its nortl- found here.
It is situated in
ern extremity and Phillip's
the E. part of Coventry near
river with several branches of
Peeling.
Baker's river has its
the Ameriscoggin its southern
source on the easterly side of
parts.
There are here sevt.ral this ridge. Snow has been
ponds, the largest of which is found on its summit in every
300 rods long and 140 wide.
month except July,
and
It
MoNADNOCK Mountain
is
MouLTONBOROUGH,in Straf-
Chrshirc county, on the line
between Jeffrey and Dublin,
10 miles N. from Massachusetts, 20 E. fronij Connecticut
Its base is J 395 feet
river.
and its summit 3254 above the
The diamelevel of the sea.
miles
5
ter of its base is
from N. to S., 3 from E. to
W. and its summit consists of
ford county, lies on the N. extremity of Winnipiseogee lake.
It was incorporated in 1777,
and its population in 1810, was
in
a bald rock.
,
Mohawk River has its rise
among Dixvilk mountains, and
through
Colebrook, receives some considerable streams from Stcwafter a westerly course
art^town,
ver river.
among which
It
empties
is
Bea-
N.
extremity of Stewartstown^
MoosE River
has
994
its
source
on the N. side oi the White
mountains near the township of
Durand, through which it flows
Its
into the Ameriscoggin.
mouth
Its
Shelburn.
in
is
source is within 5 miles of that
of Israel's river, which falls into the Connecticut.
MoosEHiLLOCK, one of the
highest ranges of mountains in
souls
;
bounded
N. by
S'lndwich and Tamworth, N.
E. by a part of Ossipee, S. E*
by Tuftonborough, and W. by
Ccntreharborand Squam pond,
containing 32,163 acres.
Tliis place derived its
name
from Gen. Jonathan Moulton
ot H:impton, who was one of
its eariiest and largest proprietors, and New-Hampton, which
was taken from it, was also
named
at his request after the
place of his residence.
Moultonbarough
itself in-
to the Connecticut n'^ar the
W.
^
S.
W.
lies
near the
side of the Great Ossi-
pee mountain, and it is observed, that in N. E. storms the
wind passes over the mountain
like water over a dam, and
with such force, as frequently
to unroof iiouses.
The Rev.
S. Perley was settled here in
1778, and removed the next
year.
His successor the Rev,
J.
Shaw
is still in office.
There
here a pleasant village of 10
or 12 dwelling-houses, a meeting-house, 1 store, 4 grainmills, 5 saw-mills, 2 clothing?
is
�GAZETTEER OP NEW-HAMPSHIRE.
164
and a carding-machine.
is in the N. W. part of
the town, and Red hill river
mills,
Red hill
pusses through its northerly
part and falls into Winnipiseogee lake. The spotted fever
It
here in 1813.
pri' vailed
attacked some hundreds but
carried off only 30 persons.
common
many other
Bears were formerly
in this
new
town
as in
In the autumn they frequently came
down into the populous settlements and sometimes even
It freto the maritime towns.
qui.ntly devours young swine,
but seldom attacks mankind.
settlements.
Mount-Vernon,
in
Hills-
borough county, was incorporated in 1808, and contains
762 inhabitants. It is bounded N. by New- Boston, E. by
Amherst, S. by Milford, and
W.by Lyndeborough, and conThis town
tains 7,975 acres.
is watered by Beaver brook^
which has its source here, as
also have several branches of
Soxvhegan river. There is here
a pleasant village containing a
meeting-house, 12 dwellinghouses, 3 stores, &c. and several mills.
The 2d N. H.
turn-
pike passes through this
lage.
Rev.
tled here in
vil-
Bruce was set1 785, and was suc1809, by Rev. S.
J.
ceeded in
Chapin the present pastor.
unite in Paulsburgh and there
fall
into the Ameriscogeiu
river.
Nash andSawyer'sLocaThis tract is bounded
N. by Bretton Woods, E. by
the White mountains, S. by
Chadbourne and Hart*s locations, and W. by ungranted
TiONs.
cres.
Narmargungowack River
the township of Success in several branches, which
rises
in
The
21,084 a-
Jefferson turnpike
passes through
it.
Nash's Stream has its
source in the N. E. part of the
town of Stratford, and at Northumberland it falls into the
Amonoosuck 6 miles from
Connecticut river.
Nashua River has its
source in the south part of
Boylston, (Mass.) and after a
northerly course of 40 miles
it passes intoDunstabIe,(N.H.)
and empties itself into the
Connecticut at Nashua village
in Dunstable.
Nelson, in Cheshire counwas formerly called Pack-
ty,
and received its present name in 1814, by an act of
the legislature.
It is bounded
ersfield
N. by Stoddard, E. by Hancock and Antrim, S. by Dublin, and W. by Roxbury, containing 22,875 acres and 1076
inhabitants.
al
N.
It contains
lands.
ponds
in
There are severthis
town, such as
Spoonwood pond^ which communicates with Long pond by
a
strait
about
forty
rods
Long pond x\yas c\rz\\\X.ouslv into Hancock and then
long.
�GAZETTEER OF ^SEW-HAMPSHIRE.
returns to Nelson ; its length is
There are also
1300 rods.
Fish^ Pleasanty and Roaring
brook ponds^ Centre pond and
Berkshire m'ar Dublin^ comprising in all about 1,879 acres
of water.
In the S. part of
this town a branch of the Ashuelot river rises,
and
in its
N.
part a branch of the ContooThe surface of Nelson
cook.
is mountainous like that of the
Rev. J.
adjacent country.
Foster was ordained here in
Rev. G. Newhall is
1781.
present minister. There
town a meeting-house,
a cotton and woollen factory, 4
grain-mills, 3 saw-mills, and 1
the
165
was ordained over the baptist
church in 1806, and i^ still in
©ffice.
New-Castle,
commonly
in Rockingham county, 2 miles E,
from Portsmouth. It was incorporated in 1693, and contains 592 inhabitants and 45
called Great-Island^
is
This is the largest of
those islands which lie at the
mouth of the Piscataqua. It
has a meeting-house, about 100
dwelling-houses, and at its N*
E. extremity a fort and lightacres.
rough county, was incorporated in 1763, and contained by
house. Rev. Joshua Moody
was ordained here previous to
the revolution of 1689, and
has been succeeded by the
Rev. Messrs. Shurtleff, Blunt,
Elder
Chase, and Noble.
Thomas Bell resides here at
present and occasionally prea-
the last census, a population of
ches.
1810 souls. It is bounded N.
by Weare, E. by Goffstown
and Bedford, S. by Amherst
and Mount- Vernon, and W.
by Lyndeborough, comprising
county, was incorporated in
1778, and contained in 1810,
a population of 895 inhab-
is in this
clothing-mill.
New-Boston,
in
Hillsbo-
New-Chester,
in
Grafton
bounded N. W. by
Danbury and Alexandria, N.
b}^
Newfound pond, E. by
Pemigewasset river, and S. by
an area of 26,538 acres.
Several branches of Piscataquog river flow through its S.
W. extremity into Goffstown,
itants
its S.E. part the 2d
turnpike has its course.
There is here a baptist and a
presbyterian meeting-house, 7
school-houses, several mills,
and a wire-factory incorporated in 1812.
Rev. Solomon
Moore was settled in NexvBoston in 1768, died in 1803,
comprising 23,456
Grafton turnpike and
a branch of Blackwater river
pass over the S. W. part of
the town, and over its northerly part flows Smith's brook,
and
thro'
N.H.
and was succeeded in 1806 by
the Rev. E. P. Bradford the
present pastor.
Elder J.Stone
;
Andover,
acres.
which
wasset
into the Pemigeriver opposite New-
falls
Hampton.
A
ridge,
called
Ragged
mountain^ separates this town
from Andover.
There
are
�GAZETTEKR OF NEW-HAMPSHIftB,
16«
here 3 religious societies, 1
meeting-housL', 3 grain-mills,
and 5 saw-mills. In the ye:ir
1796, twenty-five persons died
here of the dysentery.
New-Durham,
in Strafford
county, was incorporated in
1762, and now contains 888
bounded N. W.
inhabitants
by WolfeI)ornugh E.bv Brookfield and Middleton, and S.W.
by Farmington and Alton,
;
comprising 22,625 acres. In
1749, this town, comprehending a tract of land 6 miles
square, was granted to Ebenezer Smith and others, on condition that 40 families should
be permanently settled in it
within 5 years from the declaration of peace, and that within
2 years after, a meeting-kouse
should be erected, public worship supported, and a grain
and saw-mill erected.
Maj. Thomas Tash
made
early exertions in forwarding
the settlement of this town, and
built the 2 mills at his own expense.
With the assistance
G^ Paul March and others, the
required number of settlers was
obtained by a bounty of 50 acres of land to each settler.
The town was incorporated by
the name of New-Durham.
Within the compass of the
original grant are 5 ponds, the
largest of which is Merry-Meetin^-bai/ pond containing about
1000 acres. The surface of
the town is very mountainous
and part of the soil so rocky as
to
be
unfit
Mount Betty
for
rises
cultivation.
630
feet a-
bove the pond, which ^vashcR
its base.
Cropple-crown mourr^
tain
is
here
is
still
higher.
The
soil
gtrnerally too moist for
grain, but suitable for grazing.
Merry- Meeting river flows
from the pond of that name
and falls into Winnipisrogee
lake.
Ela^s river flows from
Cold rain pond and passes about 4 miles through NervDurham to Farmington, on
both which streams are many
good mill seats. On the latter is a fall of 14 feet, within 4
rods of which, mills are rdready
erjcted.
Cochecho river also
has its source in this town.
The principal roads passing
through Nerv- Durham ^vt. from
.
Wolfeborough and Gilmanton
to
Dover.
There are some
curiosities
town, one of which is
a remarkable fountain of water, over which a part of Ela's
in this
passes.
By sinking a
small mouthed vessel about 6
river
feet
into
may
this fountain,
water
be
obtained extremely
The depth of
cold and pure.
it has never been ascertained
although attempts have been
made. Near the centre of the
town is a mountain called Rattlesnake
hilly
the south side of
feet high,
an hundred
and almost perpen-
dicular.
In
which
is
nearly
number of
their dens.
its
fissures a vast
have
Their numbers
rattlesnakes
have recently diminished. About a mile northeast from
this mountain is Marches pond^
which abounds with a species
of clay, much resembling when
�GAZETTEER OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE.
dried the common chalk
pearance and qualities.
in ap-
On
N. E. side of Shazv^s moun-
the
is a remarkable cave, called the DeviPs den, the entrance
of which is about three feet
wide and ten high. The outer
room is twenty feet square;
tain
inner
the
apartments
smdlcr, until
of
fiity feet
at
grow
the distance
into the
mountain
the p'jssage becomes too small
The sides
to be investigated.
both of the giileries and the
rooms are composed of stone.
They bear the appearance of
having been once united, and
were probably separated by
some great convulsion of nature.
Several other mountains in
town contain precipices
and cavities, some of which
are forty or fifty feet in depth.
Col.ThomasTash,who spent
the last twenty years of his life
in New- Durham, was born in
Durham in 1722. He was engaged in the French war, first
in the capacity of captain and
afterwards in that of major.
In 1755, the 'annual stores,
while on their way to the northern army, were destroyed at a
place called Half-way brook,
this
between forts Edward and
William Henry. Capt. Tash
with 140 men was ordered to
.
repair to this spot with assurances that the remainder of
the battalion should immediately follow.
On arriving at
the place of his destination he
found the stores and waggons
destroyed, the men killed, and
tlitt
eaemy^ gone
off.
Ascer-
167
taining their rout, he pursued
in the woods about five
miles, and attacked them while
them
they were feasting upon their
plunder.
warm action ensued which lasted an hour,
when the enemy, conysting of
A
aboutlOOO French and Indians,
perceiving the weakness of our
force, attempted to surround
At
it.
this
moment
critical
the remainder of the battalion
arrived under major Burbank.
The enemy immediately fled,
and were pursued by Tash
many
miles into
the
wilder-
ness.
In 1757, Tash was appointed major and was stationed at
No. 4. (now Charlfston,) with
250 rtaen. This was the first
detachment of N. H. troops
that ever occupied that impor-
On the return of
peace he settled in Newmarket, and in 1776, he received a
tant post.
commission in the
and served one
colonel's
N. H.
forces,
campaign.
Toward
the
close
of the war he removed loNewDurham, where he owned several farms and a large tract of
wild land. There he devoted
himself to agriculture, and died
at the age of 87, leaving behind
him a memory still dear and
respected.
Rev.
Nathaniel
Porter,
a
was ordain-i
NcTv-Durham in 1775,
congregationalist,
ed
in
and dismissed in 1777. He
was succeeded by Elder Benjamin Randall, a zealous and
indefatigable preacher
of the
free-will baptist order, of which
sect
he
was considered
the
�GAZETTEER OF NEW HAMPSHIRE.
168
head, and he obtained over it
an extensive jurisdiction. He
died in 1808, at the age of 60.
T.T.
New-Found Pond lies
part-
Hebron and partly
New
ly in
in
Chester. Its length from north
to south is 6 miles, and its
width about 2^ miles. It contains 4,530 acres, nearly two
thirds of which are in NewChester.
west part of
Strafford county, incorporated
tion, lies in the
in 1777,
and now contain3l293
It is bounded N.
by Pemigewasset' river which
separates it from Bridgewater
and New- Chester, N. by Holderness, N. E. by Centrehar*
bor, and S. E. by Sanbornton and Meredith, comprising
an area of 19,422 acres.
Pemigewasset pond lies on
the border of Meredith, and is
inhabitants.
about 200 rods
New-Found River
flows
from the pond of that name,
and after a southerly course of
4 or 5 miles, falls into Pemigewasset river near Bridgewater village.
New-Grantham,
in
Ches-
was incorporated
m 1761, and now contains 864
bounded N. by
inhabitants
hire county,
;
(in Grafton county,)
E. by Springfield, S. by Croydon, and W. by Plainfield,
comprising 24,900 acres, 300
of which are water. There is
a pond in the northwest part
of the town about 1 mile long
Croydon
and 160 rods wide.
mountain extends through the
west Dart of the town, and a
turnpike passes over the north
This
part of the mountain.
town in 1775, had onlv 74 inhabitants, and in 1810 its pop-
Enfield,
was 864. Here are the
sources of several of the
branches of Sugar river^ on
which are a number of mills.
in
diameter.
There are several other smaller ponds in this town.
In the
westerly part of the town is a
remarkable spring, from which
a stream issues and falls into
Pemigewasset river after running about a mile. This stream
is
use of sevnot affected by
droughts.
toll
sufficient for the
eral mills,
and
is
A
or
bridge unites this town to
Bridgewater, from which there
is a turnpike leading to Sanbornton.
The soil here is rich and
light and very favourable to
various kinds of grain and
rains
There are in Neuo-Hampton 2 meeting-houses, 2 schoolhouses, and 2 distUleries. Rev.
grass.
S.
Hubbard was ordained over
the congregational church here
and is still in office.
Elder Dana, a baptist, is also
s.H.
settled in this town.
in 1800,
ulation
in Graf-
formerly
Moultonborough- Addi-
bounded N. by New-Hamp-
New- Hampton,
called
New-Holderness,
ton county, lies on the eastern
side of Pemigewasset river.
It was incorporated in 1761,
and contains 883 inhabitants ;
�GAZETTEER OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE.
by Sandwich and Cenby
S.
Crntreand New-Hampton,
harbor
and W. by Pemigewasset river, which separates it from
Plymouth, comprising 24,921
acres, of which 2,500 are waton, E.
treharbor,
ter.
A
part of
Squam
lake
is
and also Squam
pond^ through which Squam
river runs and falls into the
Pemigewasset in the southwest
in this town,
169
long and of unequal
rods
breadth.
There is on it an
excellent tavern owned by the
proprietors of the bridge.
Nexmngton was formerly a
part of Portsmouth and Dover.
Its soil is excellent and produces grain abundantly. The
orchards here are very productive.
Piscataqua bridge waS'
built in
in
1
794
it is
;
2600
part
of the town.
Squam
mountain lies in its northeast
plank.
tral aich, which unites
part.
islands, is
Rev. R. Fowle was ordained
here in 1789, ovr an episcopaThere is here a
lian church.
chitecture, and
several
grainmills,
one clothing-mill, a
earding-machine, and a dispaper-mill,
tillery.
Newichawannock River
the west and main branch of
It is called
the Piscataqua.
Salmon falls river as far as the
is
lower falls
it assumes
in
Berwick, where
the above name,
which it retains till it unites
with the Cochecho, and flows
on to Hilton's point.
Ne wiNGTON, in Rockingham
contains 503 inhabiand is bounded W. by
Great and Little bays, N. E.
by Piscataqua river, which separates it from Kittery, E. by
Portsmouth, and S. by Green-
county,
tants,
land.
At Fox
point
in
the
northwest part of the town,
Piscataqua bridge is thrown
over Piscataqua river to Goat
island^ and thence to Durham
shore.
Goat island is about 48
22
feet
of which 2244 are
The chord of the cen-
length,
244
th>j
two
considered a masterly piece of arfeet.
It is
was construct-
ed by Timothy Palmer of
New-
buryport.
Rev. Joseph Adams, a con-
was the first
minister in this town. He was
ordained in 1714, and was succeeded in 1787, by the Rev. J.
Langdon, who continued in
gregationalist,
23 years. The annual
average number of deaths in
office
Newington is computed to be 7.
There is here 1 meeting-house
and 2 school-houses. There
is a spring in this town, which,
besides supplying a grain-mill
nearly all the year, is the fountain of the Portsmouth aqueduct.
In May, 1690, a party of Indians under one Hoopwood
attacked Fox point in this town,
destroyed several houses, killed 14 persons, and took 6 prisoners.
They were pursued by
Capts. Floyd and Greenleaf,
who recovered some of the captives and part of the plunder
after a severe action, in which
Hoopwood was wounded.
�th-
GAZETTEER OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE.
iro
Died
in
town March
this
1765, Mrs. Elizabeth
Hight, aged 100. She never
used medicine during this long
She was married four
life.
times, had 8 children and 300
descendants more or less refifth,
mote.
New-Ip«wich, in Hillsborough county, was incorporated
and contains 1395 inIt is bounded N.
habitants.
by Temple and Sharon, E. by
Mason, S. by the line of Massachusetts, and W. by Rindge
in 1762,
Its a(in Cheshire county.)
The west
is 20,260 acres.
rea
side of the
town
is
watered by
a branch of Contoocook river,
an-J its east side by a branch
of the Sovrhcgaa river. One
branch of the latter river rises
town and another has its source on a moun The 3d N. H. turnpike
tain.
in a
pond
in this
passes through
the centre of
a
is here
this town.
There
handsome
village,
2
meet-
ing-houses, an academy, 2 cotton and 2 woollen factories, an
oil-mill, several grain and sawmills, 1 clothing-mill, a carding-machine, and 4 trading-
Farrar was
ordained here in 1760, and diHe was
ed in 1809, aged 71.
succeeded by the Rev. R. Hall
Elder
the present minister.
S. Parkhurst was settled here
in 1814.
stores.
Rev. S.
New-London,
in
Hillsbor-
ough county, was incorporated
in 1779, and contained inlSlO,
a population of 692 ; bounded
N. by Wilmot,
S. and E. by
and W. by Sunapee
pond which separates it from
Wendell. Its area is 13,560
acres, 2000 of which are water.
In this town lies part of
Great Sunapee pond^ and also
Little Sunapee about 500 rods
long and 170 wide, forming a
principal source of Blackwater
Sutton,
river.
The
soil
here
is
gener-
hard and rocky, but it
well rewards the labour of agriculture.
New-London has
several hills or mountains,such
as Bunker's^ DoWs^ and MesThe summit of Kearser''s.
sarge mountain is six miles
from the central village. The
principal road passing through,
this town leads from Hopkinton to Hanover.
There arft
ally
here 2 baptist meeting-houses.
Elder Job Scammons was ordained here in 1779, and Elder Enoch Huntingdon in 1814.
The annual average number of
deaths in this town is about 10.
There are here several mills
and 2 or 3 trading stores.
Newmarket,
ham county, was
in 1726,
itants
in
Rocking-
incorporated
contains 1061 inhab-
and
is
bounded N. by
Durham and Lee, E. by
the
W.
branch of Piscataqua
river, S. by Exeter, and W.
by Epping, comprising an area
of 11,082 acres.
Piscasick
river passes through this town,
S.
and Lamprey river crosses its
N. W. extremity and falls into the Great bay near its N. E.
corner where there is a considerable village.
At
a place
call-
�GAZETTEER OP NEW-HAMPSHIRE.
ed Newfields there
is another
containing about 20
houses and several shops, &c.
Rev. John Moody was ordained here in 1730, and died in
He has been
1778, aged 73.
village,
succeeded by the Rev. Messrs.
Tombs and Thurston. Elder
J. Broadhead and Elder Osborn,both methodists, occasionThere are
ally preach here.
in the
town three religious
so-
several mills, stores,
From the year 1731 to
&c.
1770, there were in this town
948 births and 554 deaths, averaging about 28 of the former
and 14 of the latter annually.
This town was formerly a part
cieties,
of Exeter and was purchased
of the Indians in 1638, by
Wheelwright and others. Several instances of Indian cruelty and capture occurred in the
early
Col.
history
of
this
place.
Winthrop Hilton, who
was killed by the Indians in
Eppjng (then Exeter,) was buThe inried in Newmarket.
scription on his monument is
descendstill legible and his
living in this vi-
ants are
still
cinity.
Mrs. Shute
is
171
Connecticut river and the same
distance from Sutton.
Sugar
river flows through Nexoport
and receives here a number of
its branches.
The Croydon
and Cornish turnpikes unite in
this town and pass on to Amherst.
There is here a handsome village of about 20 houses and several stores.
The
town contains a baptist and a
congregational meeting-house,
a cotton factory, several milk,
and a carding-machine. Rev.
John Ramele was the first minister here, and Rev. A. Wines
is the present pastor.
Newtown,
in
Rockingham
county, was incorporated in
1749, and contained in 1810, a
population of 454 ; bounded
N. by Kingston, E. by South'
ampion, S. by Massachusetts,
and W. by Plaistow, comprising 5,250 ftcres.
County pond
town. There
here 2 religious societies
and 1 meeting-house.
Rev.
J. Ernes was ordained in 1759.
lies partly in this
are
Rev. D.Tewkesbury is the
pres«^
ent pastor.
now liv-
ing in this town, who was captured by the Indians in 1755,
when 18 months old. She lived with them till the age of 14.
NEWPORT,in Cheshire counwas incorporated in 1761,
ty,
and contains 1427 inhabitants
bounded N. by Croydon E.
by Wendell, S. by Unity, and
W. by Claremont, comprising
an area of 25,267 acres.
It
miles £. from
lies about 8
;
;
NoRTBFiELD,
in
Rocking-
ham
county, was incorporated
in 1780, and contains 1057 inhabitants ; bounded
N. by
.
Sanbornton, E. by Gilmanton, S. by Canterbury, and W.
by
Salisbury
and
Boscaw-
comprising 19,636 acres.
There are here 2 small ponds,
viz. Chesnut pond., flowing into the Winnipiseogee, and Sortdogardy pond., flowing into the
en,
Merrimack
river.
At
the
N.W.
�GAZETTEER OF NEW-HAMPSHmE.
172
part
of the town near WebWinnipisfogee riv-
ster's falls
er
into the
falls
Pemigewas-
A
bridge over the latter
river connects this town with
New-Salisbury, and another ovcr the former unites it to
Sanbornton. There is here a
mot ting-house common to all
sects ; several miils, stores, &c.
set.
North
of Latitude 45°
a tract of land btrlongmg to
the state of New-Hampshire ;
bounded as follows, beginning
is
at the
lancL
st:U-.'s
No.
3.
and
running N. 6:° E. by the Disof Maine 3500 rods to the
high lands, thtnte by the high
trict
separate
lands, wiiich
Lower
Canada from the United States
to the most N. W. branch of
Connecticut river, ihence doA\'Ti
branch to latitude 45°,
thence by said latitude to lands
No. 3. containing 163,353 asaid
On
cres.
this
tract
is
the
North River
has its source;
North river pond on theliiir
between Northwood and Nottingham.
After a southerly
course through Nottingham,
Epping, and a part of Lee it
in
Lamprey river near
N. E- corner of Epping
and the line of Newmarket.
falls into
the
This stream affords many valuable mill privileges, on most
of which are erected mills of
various kinds.
Northumberland,
ship in
a townCoos county, lying on
Connecticut river at the mouth
of the Upper Amonoosuck.
It was incorporated in 1779,
and contained in 1810, a population of 281 ; bounded N.
by Stratford, E. by Piercy, S.
W. by Lancaster, and W. by
Connecticut river.
Its area
is
20,430 acres.
town near
It
is
in this
Cape- Horn 7noun-
tain^ that the
Upper Amonoo-
great lake Co7inecticut.
suck
Northampton, in Rockingham county, was incorporated
There are here several ponds
and mountains. The soil is
fertile though broken and une-
in 1742,
and contains 651
in-
bounded N.
by Greenland, E. by Rye and
the^sea, S, by Hampton, and
W. by Stratham, and contains
8,465 acres. This w^as formerly a part of Hampton.
Rev. Nathaniel Gookin was
habitants.
settled
has
It
here
been
is
in- 1739.
He
succeeded by the
Reverend Messrs.
Hastings,
!M'Clure,Thurston,andFrench.
The latter gentleman is still in
office.
There is here 1 meeting-house and 7 grain-mills.
ven.
falls into
A
the Connecticut.
bridge connects this
town with Maidstone
in
Ver-
mont nearly opposite GuildThere is here a meetinghouse, 2 grain-mills, a sawmill, and a carding-machine.
hall.
Northwood, a township of
elevated land in Rockingham
county, formerly a part of
Nottingham. It was incorporated in 1773, and contained in
1810, a population of 1095, of
whom 230
Northwood
were legal voters.
\& bounded N. E.
�GAZETTEER OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE.
b}'
the line of Strafford county,
which sepnrates it from B irrington, S. E. by Nottingham,
S. and S.W. by Deerfifrld, and
N.W. by Epsom andPittsfield,
Esq.
fall
173
three different
into
Suncook, Lamprey, and
Dover, and indeed the waters,
rivers,
which
fall
from
different parts
comprising an area of 17,075
acrt-s,
1054 of which are
of the roof of a building on this
farm run into two different rivers, the Piscataqua and Merri-
water.
mack.
There are here 6 ponds, viz.
SiincQok pond 750 rods long
and 100 wide, Gennis^ pond 300
long and 150 wide, Long"
pond about JOO long and 50
generally of a moist quality.
It is excellently suited for
grazing, and in mild seasons
favourable to corn and grain.
wide-, Harvey'' s pond^ of an el-
The N. H.
The
in
soil
North-wood
turnpike
is
passes
liptical
form, about 200 long
through
and
some
mouth to Concord.
It
has
here a direct course from E.
to W. of 8 miles.
Rev. Edmund Pilsbury, the first minister in this town, was ordained
in the year 1779, over a baptist society and continued here
till
1809.
Rev. J. Prentiss
w^as ordained in 1799 over the
congregational society and is
still in office.
Rev. Eliphalet
Merrill, the present successor
of Mr. Pilsbury, was ordained in 1804. These two societies are nearly equal in number
and each has a meeting-house.
There are in Northwood 6
school-houses, 4 grain-mills,
7 saw-mills, a clothing-mill,
and 8 trading stores.
The situation of this town is
pleasant, and more elevated
than any land between it and
in
places
40 wide
j
a part o^ Great- Bow pond \& also in this town and also part of
North river pond^ Pleasant
pond^ and Little-Bow pend^ the
latter of which has two outlets
on the N. E. it discharges its waters into Great-Bow
/>i9«</, which is the head of Isinglass river, and on its north;
erly side
into
a brook flows
Long pond,
from
it
the waters of
which pass into the Merrimack
through Suncook pond and
river.
The northerly branch of
Lamprey river has its source
this town near the N. W.
extremity of Saddle-back mountain, which is a ridge of high
land separating this town from
in
Deerficld.
On the easterly
side of this ridge are found
crystals and crystalline spars of
various
Black
colours and sizes.
lead is
also
found
Thci*e are no consider-
here.
able water-falls
in this town.
height of its land is such,
that the waters flowing from
the farm of the late G. Clark,
The
this
town from Ports-
the sea.
From its height, vessels
entering the Piscataqua
harbour may be seen with the
assistance of glasses.
From
this place the light house at
Portsmouth bears S* Oi" E.
and the highest mountain in
Gilford N. lei"
W.
�GAZETTEER OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE
ir4
The
first
house
was erected
in this
town
1762, and
in
is
square.
There are In the town
3 grain-mills and 4 saw-mills.
now standing near- the baptist
Two of the
meetiag-house.
settlers
first
now
are
living
here in honourable old age.
The annual average number
of deaths is about 9.
Nottingham,
ham county, was
in
Rocking-
incorporated
now contains
1722, and
1063 inhabitants bounded N.
E. by Barrington, S.E. by Lee
and part of Epping, S. by Epping and Raymond, and W. by
in
;
Nottingham
township
West,
a
Hillsborough county, incorporated in 1746, and
now containing 1379 inhabitants
bounded N. by Litch*
field and Londonderry, E. by
in
;
Pclham, S. by Lyndeborough,
(Mass.,) and W. by Merrimack river, which separates it
from Dunst:ible, comprising
17,379 acres.
In this place is
Massabesick pond 230 rods
long and 70 wide, and adjacent
town
pond
Northwoodand Deerfield,com-
to
prising 25,800 acres, of which
300 are water.
There are here several ponds,
such as North river pond containing about 80 acres, Petuck-
about 25 rods wide.
There
are here 2 meeting-houses, 3
religious societies, 2 of baptists
and 1 of congregationalists.
Rev. N. Merrill the first miaister in this town, was ordained in 1737, and was succeeded
by Rev. J. Strickland in 1772.
Elder Daniel Merrill is settled
here over a baptist church.
a-way pond of about 170 acres,
^izncy pond about 45 acres,
and others of a smaller size.
In the westerly part of the
town near Deer field are Upper y
Middle^ and Lower PetuckaPetuckaway
way mowitains.
source in this
in a pond of the same
river has
town
name.
its
Little river
and sever-
streams also
North
Nottingham.
rise in
river passes through this town
and through its northerly part
the N. H. turnpike has its
al
other
small
the
There
is
Otternic
are in this
mills, S
town
saw-miHs, and
3 grain1
trad-
ing store.
Capt. Jatnes Ford
was a resident in this town.
He was with Gen. Stark at
Bennington and was there mortally
wounded.
O.
course.
Rev.
S.
Emery was
settled
1742, and Rev. B.ButSamuel Dyer, a
ler in 1758.
free-will baptist, is the present
There is a congreminister.
gational meeting-house situated in a pleasant and compact
part of the town called the
here
in
Oliverian River. The
most easterly branch of this
river rises on the west side of
Moosehillock mountain and its
northern branch from Owlhead mountain, both in the
These
town of Coventry.
branches unite
in
Haverhill,
�Ut
GAZETTEER OP NEW-HAMPSHIRE
CN. H.) forming Oliverian rivwhich empties itself into
er^
A
mountain.
'Jacob's brook
and empties
the Connecticut.
stream
called
Orford
into Con-
rises in
itself
necticut riverabove the bridge,
Orange, formerly called
Cardigan, is in Grafton county.
It was incorporated in 1790,
and contains 229 inhabitants
bounded N.E. by Groton and
Hebron, S. E. by Alexandria
and part of Danbury, S.W. by
Cushing's Gore, and N. W. by
Dame's Gore and Canaan,
;
comprising 21,976 acres.
this
town
is
In
the source of the
southerly branch of Baker's
river and of the northerly
branch of ^ywiM's river. Cardiganmountain extends through
centre from N. to S. and
Grafton turnpike passes over its
its
extremity. In the S. W.
part of this town is found a
very valuable species of ochre.
It is, found in great abundance,
deposited in veins and of a superior quality to that which is
S.W.
imported. Two men will dig
and prepare for market about
80 pounds of this in a day.
Orford,
Grafton county,
in 1761, and
1810, a population
in
was incorporated
contained in
of 1265 bounded N. by Piermont, E. by Wentworth, S. by
Lyme, and W. by Connecticut
river, comprising an area of
;
27,000 acres. There are several ponds in this town, the
largest of which is Baker's
pond^ 260 rods long and 160
wide, forming the source of the
westerly branch of Baker's river. Indian pond is in the north
part of the town near Stadi^n
which connects this town with
Fairlee in Vermont.
On this
stream are 10 mill-dams. Sanday and Cuba mountains lie
near the centre of this town,
and Smart's mountain in its
S. E. extremity, forming the
boundary of four towns, viz.
Orford, Wentworth, Dorchester, and Lyme.
Rev. John Sawyer was settled here in 1787, and was
succeeded by the present minister,Rev.
S \muelDana. There
are here 2 religious societies
and 2 meeting-houses, and near
the river is a pleasant village
about 25 houses,
through which the turnpike
passes to Orford bridge. There
are in this town several grain
and saw-mills, a clothing-mill,
and a carding-machinc.
containing
OssiPEE, a township
in Straf-
ford county, was incorporated
in 1785, and now contains 1205
inhabitants
bounded N. by
;
Tamworth, N. E. by Great
Ossipee pond, S. E. by Wakeand S. by Wolfeborough,
Tuftonborough, and Moultonborough, comprising 36,795 acres.
This place was formerfield,
ly
called
form
is
New-Garden.
very
irregula(-,it3
Its
length
being nearly 15 miles from N.
W. to S. W. and its width in
some places not more than 4
or 5.
There are
here several
ponds, of which I^an Hole
�GAZETTEER OF NEW-HAMPSHIRK
ire
the borders of Tuftonborough is the largest, being about 400 rods long and
200 wide. The others are on
an average 100 rods each in
diameter. Bear pond has no
Pine rivdiscoverable outlet.
er flows through the easterly
part of this town, and Bear
pond ow
Camp river passes its northern
extremitv, emptying itself into
Great Ossipee lake.
The
soil
Osgenerally fertile.
sipee contains 2 religious soci-
here
is
baptist meeting-house,
5 grain-mills, 3 saw-mills, and
1 carding-machine.
district
of
Saco
Maine, and
river,
Ossipee Mountain
ted in 1785, and now containing 425 inhabitants ; bounded
N. E. by Eaton, S. E. by Effingham, and S. W. by Ossipee,
comprising 10,331 acres.
Ossipee lake lies principally
in this town, and is about 1000
rods long from north to south,
It
and ibout 600 rods wide.
in
borough, and about 4 miles
west from Ossipee lake. Its
altitude has never been ascertained.
On its east side the
northwest wind is peculiarly
severe.
in
OvsTERRivERhas itssource
Wheehvright pond in the
town of Lee, near the southeast extremity
in Strafford county, incorpora-
is
the west part of the town of
Ossipee adjacent to Moulton-
eties, 1
Ossipee Gore, a township
falls
about 15 miles
east of Ossipee pond.
into
of Barrington.
flows from the east side of
the pond in a northeast course
It
Madbury. Thence turning
southerly it crosses the line
which separates Lee from Durham five times within the distance of two miles.
It thence
takes an easterly course, and
passing
through
Durham,
meets the tide waters at the
to
falls.
Bear Camp river on
wtsc side and Pine river on
receives
its
The waters of this
south.
lake are discharged through
P.
its
Ossipee river.
Paulsburgh,
a township in
Coos county, containing about
20 inhabitants bounded N.by
Dummer and Cambridge, E.
by Success, S. by Maynesborough, and W. by Kilkenny,
;
Ossipee River flows from
G»-eat Ossipee bike or pond
and forms a large bay or rath-
The
er three bays, connected with
each other, in the whole about
comprising 34,507 acres.
800 rods long and 600 wide.
Ameriscoggin rivers pass thro*
this town, the former in a north-
On x\\c southeast line of Ossipee these waters are contracted into Ossipee river^ which
flows in a southeast course
through Effingham into the
Upper Amonoosuck and
the
erly course to the Connecticut,
latter in a southerly
In
course to the Merrimack.
the southwest part of the town
and the
�GAZETTEER OF NEW-HAMPSUmE,
a large mountain, adjoining
Maynesborough, and in its N.
E. part near Cambridge there
There are 2 mills
is another.
is
in this
town.
The
centre of
Paulsburgh is 15 miles east
from Northumberland on Connecticut river, and about 7
miles west from the District of
Maine, and about 22 (by the
road) from Lancaster court-
177
Black mountain in
part.
Among
a branch of
its
northwest
these mountains
th;;
Wild Amonoo-
a branch oi Baker's riv^r^
and Moosehillock brook have
their sources.
Although the
surface here is mountainous
*«c>^,
and a turnfrom Bath
There are but
the roads art good,
pike is projected
to this town.
2 mills in this town.
house.
Pelham,
Peabody River
in
rises
the eastern pass of the White
mountains, whtre also rises
Ellis river, a bran<-h of the
S&co.
The sources of these
two rivers are within the dis-
in
Rockingham
county, was incorporated in
1746, and in 1810, it contain-
ed 998 inh' hitants ; bounded
N. by W'ndham and Sf leni, S.
E. and Sc by Dracut, (Mass.)
and W. by Nottingham West.
Its area is '•6,333 acres, of
tance of a few feet from each
Peabady river flows in
a northerly course from the
northwest part of Adams to
which 280 are water. There
arc h^^rc two ponds, Island
pond of abouJ: 178 acres, and
Shelbume, where
Gumpas pond of about
other.
it falls
into
From
100.
length
Beaver river flows through the
town and receives the waters
Peeling, in Grafton county,
was incorporated in 1763, and
of these ponds. The surface
of the town is generally even,
although there
are several
swella of valuable land.
the Ameriscoggin.
source to its mouth
is about 10 miles.
in 1810, contained
tants
;
its
its
203 inhabi-
bounded N. E. by Lin-
coln, S. E. by Thornton, S.W.
by Thornton and Ellsworth,
and W. by Warren, Coventry,
andLaadafF, comprisingS3,359
There are here severacres.
al ponds, the largest of which
is Elbow pond about 60 rods
The middle
in
diameter.
branch of Pemigewasset river
passes through this town.
In Peeling there are three
large mountains ; Cushman^s
mowitain in its north pari, J5/we
mountain
in
its
28
centre,
and
Rev. James Hobbe was ordained here in 1765, and was
succeeded by Rev.
James
Moody. Rev. John Chureh,
the present minister, was settled in 1798.
There is here
1 meeting-house, 3 grain-mills,
3 saw-mills, 1 clothing-mill, a
carding-machine, and 3 trading
stores.
During the ten years
ending in 1808, the number of
deaths in this town wasl21, of
which 32 were of consumption.
Pembeoke, in the south
Rockingham county,
part of
�GAZETTEER OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE.
178
was incorporated
in
1759, and
nowcontains 1153 inhabitants ;
bounded N. E. by Chichester,
E. by Epsom, S. E. by Suncook
river which separates it from
Allenstown,' S. W. by Merrimack river dividing it from
Bow, and N. W. by Suncook
river diviaing it from Concord. It contains 14,060 acres.
Two bridges are erected ovtr the Suncook, one connecting this town with Concord,
and ihc other leading to Allensiown ; over the latter of
which the Cheste;r turnpike
pass^-s.
mack,
flows from the ridge
called the height of land.
Its
several sources are on the
Moosehillock mountain, the
southwest part of the White
mountains, and in the town of
Franconia.
On its western
§ide
it
receives Btiker's river,
stream from New-Found
pond, Smith's river, and many
a
smaller streams.
Its average course is south
about 50 miles,passing through
Lincoln, Peeling, Thornton,
Campton, and by Holderness,
Plymouth, Bridgewater, NewChester, and Andover.
It
Suncook and Merrimack are
sever.d valuable mill seats, on
which are erected a cotton fac-
empties into the Winnipiseogee at the lower part of Sanbornton.
After this junction
the main stream becomes the
tory, 2 paper-mills, an oil-mill,
Merrimack.
Near
the junction
of
the
a nnil factory, carding-maBeside these,there
chine, &c.
are in the town 4 corn-mills,
5 saw-mills, and a clothing-
Pembroke street is nearly
three miles long, on which are
about 50 dwelling-houses, 5
mill.
and 2 meeting-houses.
The soil of this town is generally good, and its local situation is remarkably pleasant. It
stores,
Suncook by the Inand was granted by
Massachu'^etts under the name
was
called
dians,
of
Lovewell's
town.
Rev.
Aaron Whitman was settUd
He has been
here in 1736.
succeeded by the Rev. Messrs.
Emery, Colby, Mitchell, and
Burnham, the latter of whom
is
the present minister.
Peterborough,
a township
southwest part of Hillsborough county, lying about
25 miles west from the Connecticut and the same distance
in the
east
from the Merrimack, was
incorporated in 1760, and in
1810 contained 1537 inhabi-
bounded N. by Hanand Greenfield, E. by
Greenfield and Temple, S. by
Sharon, and W. by Jaffreyand
Dublin, comprising an area of
23,780 acres.
The surface of this town is
mountainous, and its soil is
enriched by numerous brooks
and small streams, favourable
meadow and pasturage
to
ground, and supplying many
tants
;
cock
A
Pemigewasset River,
the
western branch of the Merri-
prinvaluable mill seats;
Contoocook
cipal branch of
river passes near the centre of
�GAZETTEER OF NEWHAMPSHIRE
and also Goose
this town,
riv-
flowing from Dublin
er
falling
and
into the Contoocook at
Smith'smills.
Near this juncis the
principal village,
which is much indebted for its
origin and growth to the individual exertions of the Hon.
tion
S. Smith.
Here are about 25 dwellinghouses, 2 stores, 3 cotton factories, a paper-mill, an oil-mill,
grain-mill,
fulling-mill,
saw-
mill, carding-machine, mechan-
&c.
On the Conother parts of the
town are 2 other cotton factories, a woollen factory, 2 grainmills, and 2 saw-mills.
Peterborough is one of the
most considerable manufacturNo
ing towns in the state.
one has so many factories.
The principal roads leading
ic
irs
Paulsburgh. NeartheN.E. extremity of Piercy the north and
south branches of the Amonoosuck form a junction. This
river receives Nash's stream
in the northerly part of the
town, as it flows from Stratford.
Mill and Pilot mountains are in this place.
There
are here only two mills.
The
course on a straight line from
the centre of this town to the
mouth of the Upper Amonoosuck is about 6 miles.
shops,
toocook
in
throughthe town are from Amherst to Keene, and from Hancock to New-Ipswich. There
here 1 meeting-house, in
which Rev. J. Morrison was
ordained in 1759.
He was
succeeded by Rev. D. Annan
Rev. E. Dunbar,the
in 1779.
Phillip's River flows partfrom Columbia and Dixville
mountains and partly
from a large pond in the state's
ly
No.
land
thence enlarging
passes through the
towns of Millsfield and Dummer, and taking a westerly
course, it passes through Kilkenny and enters Piercy, where
it unites with the Upper Amitself as
1.
it
onoosuck.
is
present minister, was settled in
1799.
PiERCY, in Coos county, was
incorporated in 1794, and in
1310, contained 211 inhabit-
Pierce's Island
is in
Pis-
cataqua harbour, between this
and Seavey's island the main
channel passes.
On each of
them batteries and entrenchments were prepared in 1775,
and again in 1814. The current is here narrow, rapid and
deep, and the shore bold and
rocky. (See Piscataqiia har-
bounded N. by Stratford
and ungranted lands, E. and S.
by Kilkenny, and W. by Nor-
bour. )
thumberland,comprising50,630
acres.
Piercy^s pond is on the
E. side of the town, the waters
ty,
ants
;
of which
fall
Amonoosuck
into
in
the Upper
the town of
PiERMONT, in Grafton counwas incorporated in 1764,
and in 1810, contained 877 inhabitants ; bounded N. E. by
Haverhill, E. by Warren, S.
W.
by Orford, and
W.
by the
�GAZETTEER OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE.
180
west side of Connecticut river,
which divides it from Bradford in Vermont, comprising
about 25,800 acres. Eastman's
ponds lie in this tov/n near
Warren they unite and fall
into Connecticut river in Piermont. Black motintccin lies on
;
the south side of this place and
Stallion mountain on its northern side. The Coos turnpike
passes through tlie N. E. part
of the town. Thert is here 1
meeting-house and 2 religious
societies, 2 grain-mills, 3 sawmills,
tillery.
1
fulling-mill,
The
and
1
dis-
inhabitants hre
generally farmers, and manufacture their own clothing.
Pine River flows
pond of that name in
After a N. W.
field.
through Ossipee and
Effingham, it
Ossipee lake.
falls
from a
Wake-
into
PiscATAQUA River
course
part of
Great
is
the
only large river, the whole
course of which is within the
Its source is a pond
state.
near the S. W. corner of the
town of Wakefield, and is on
the lifte of the District of
Its general course
Maine.
thence to the sea is S. S. E. adivides
It
bout 40 miles.
this state from York county,
(Maine) and is called Salmon
falls river from its source to
Berwick lower falls, where it
takes the name of Newichawannocky which it bears until it
meets the river Cochecho flowThe confluing from Dover.
ent
stream
thence
passes to
Hilton's point 7 miles from the
sea.
The western branch is formed from the Swamscot river
flov/ing from Exeter, fan Winnicot river flowing from Stratham through Greenland, and
Lamprey river, which divides
Newmarket from DurhamThese empty into a bay 4 miles
wide, called the Great bay.
These waters in their further
pr'.gress are contracted into a
smaller baj^, where they receive
Oyster river from Durham
and Black river from Dover.
They form a junction with the
other branch at Hilton's point.
The tide rises in all these bays
and branches as far up as the
falls in each.
It forms a rapid
current, especially in the season
of freshets, when the ebb continues about two hours longer
than the flood some of the ferries would be impassable were
it not for the numerous eddies,
formed by the indentures of
At the lower falls
the shore.
in each river are landing placother
es, where lumber and
country produce is discharged,
so that each branch affords a
convenient trading place not
more than 15 or 20 miles from
Portsmouth, with which a concommunication is kept
stant
;
This river therefore from
up.
the situation of its branches is
extremely favourable to navigation and commerce.
PiscATAquA Harbour
is
one of the finest on the continent, having sufficient depth of
water for vessels of any bur-
�ui
GAZETTEER OF N^VV-HAMPSHTRE.
The
den.
tect
it
adjacent lands pro-
from storms so
ally that ships
may
efFectu-
ride here
which town the stream passes
to the N.E. extremity of Bradford where it falls into the
Merrimack
any season of the year.
The current here is so narrow
and rapid that the harbour nev-
erly course of about
It is so well fortier freezes.
fied by nature that very little
PiscAsiCK River rises in
Brentwood and passes through
safely in
labour is requisite to make it
impregnable. The islands in
this harbour are numerous ;
the largest of them is GreatIsland or Nezv-Castley now incorporated into a township
(which see.) On this island
stands a light-house and the
principal fort, called Fort CcnNear the site of this
stitiition.
fort, one was erected as early
river,after a south-
Newmarket
where
ii falls
20 miles.
Durham,
Lamprey riv-
into
into
er about one mile from the
northern boundary of Newmarket.
On this stream are
numerous
mill seats.
PiGWACKET, the Indian
name of Conway, Fryburgh,
and the towns adjacent.
command
PiTTSFiELD,in Rockingham
Esq. In
1795, this was completely prepared, mounted with 16 cannon
and manned with a company of
men now under the command
county, was incorporated in
1782, and contained in 1810 a
bounded
jyopulation of 1050
N. E. by Barnstead, S. E. by
as 1660, under the
of Richard Cutts,
of Capt. Walbach. In the summer of ISl'i, Fort Constitution
was put in a complete state of
defence, and another was erected at
effreu' s point on the
easterly part of the island, another on Kittery point called
Fort M'Clary and another on
called
Fort
Pierce's island
Washington^ and several other
y
fortifications
on the main
were thrown up
islands.
;
Barrington and Northwood, S.
by Epsom and Chichester,
and N.W. by Loudon and Suncook river.
It comprises 14,
921 acres, 94 of which are wa-
W.
ter.
In the S.E. part of this town
Catamount mountain, on the
summit of which is Berry^s
pond, and on its E. side is Wildgoose pond, about 100 rods in
On the W. side of
diameter.
this pond the magnetic needle
is
The
materially affected.
of this town is very fertile.
There are here 3 grain-mills, 5
saw-mills, 2 fulling-mills, 2
carding-machines, and several
trading stores.
The first minister in Pittsfield was the Rev. R.Page. Elders Sargeant and Knovvlton of
is
PiscATAquoG River.
Its
most southerly branch rises in
Francestown and its most
northerly in Henniker
and
Deering. These after passing
through Weare and New- Boston form a junction on the W.
side
of
GofFstown, through
soil
�GAZETTEER OP NEW-HAMPSHIRE.
18-2
the baptist order are now settled here.
There is also in
this town a small society of
Friends. The number of deaths
here from 1781 to 1814, was
The spotted fever pre379.
town in 1813
and 14, of which 'JS persons
died in those two years.
The
vailed in
annual
deaths
is
this
average
about 9.
number
of
Plainfield, a township in
Cheshire county, incorporated
in 1761, and containing in 1810,
a population of 1462 bounded
N. by Lebanon, S.E. by NewGrantham, S. by Cornish, and
W. by Connecticut river,which
divides it from Hartland in
Vermont. At the lower part
of this town in Connecticut
river is HarCs island about 150
rods long and 35 wide.
IVaterquechy falls are adjacent to
this town, a bridge was erected
here in 1807.
Plainfield is
watered by a small stream
flowing from Croydon moun;
on which are erected sevThis town contains
a handsome village of 10 or
tains,
ed N. W. by Hampstead,N.E.
by Kingston andNewtown,S.K.
and
S. W.
by Haverhill,
(Mass.,) and W. by Atkinson,
comprising about 5,843 acres.
small stream from Hampstead and another from Newtown meet in Plaistow and running southerly pass into Haverhill between Plaistow meeting-house and the S. corner of
Atkinson.
There are 3 grainmills, 2 saw-mills, and 1 full-
A
Here
ing-mill.
societies
and
are 2 religious
meeting-house.
1
Rev. J'lmes Cushing was sethere in 1730, and was
succeeded in 1765, by Rev. G.
Merrill.
Elder John Herriman is the present minister and
was ordained in 1812.
tled
Plymouth, a township in
Grafton county, is situated at
the junction of Baker's and
Pemigewasset river. This town
was incorporated in 1763, and in
1775, it contained 382 inhabitants, and in 1810, it contained
937 bounded N. by Campton,
;
eral mills.
E.by Pemigewasset river,S. by
Bridgewater, and W. by He-
12
bron, comprising 16,256 acres.
The Mayhew turnpike passes through the westerly part
In the northof this town.
east part is a pleasant village,
containing about 22 dwellinghouses, a meeting-house, courthouse, 4 stores, and a distillery.
In this town are also 4 mills, &c.
dwelling-houses, several
and 2 meeting-houses.
Through this place passes the
Croydon turnpike. The present ministers here are Rev. J.
Dickerson of the congregational and Elder Cram of the baptist order.
stores,
in
Plaistow, a small township
Rockingham county, incor-
in 1764, and now containing 462 inhabitants; bound-
porated
Rev. Nathan
tled here
in
sent minister
Fairbanks.
Ward was
1765.
is
the
The
set-
pre-
Rev. D.
�GAZETTEER OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE.
Poplin, a township in Rockingham county, was incorporated in 1764, and in 1810,contained 482 inhabitants bound«d N. by Epping, E. by Brentwood, S. by Hawke and Sandown, and W. by Chester and
;
Raymond,
comprising 9,702
acres.
In the northwest part
of the town is" a small pond,
and its southerly part is wavered by Exeter fresh river.
There is here a meeting-house,
several mills, and a cardingmachine. The inhabitants are
principally of the methodist
denomination.
lis
Portsmouth, the metropoof New-Hampshire and its
only sea-port, lies on the southwest side of Piscataqua river.
It war. incorporated in 1633,
and in 1810, it contained 6,934
inhabitants
bounded N. W.
by Newington, N. E. by the
river, S. E. and S. by Rye,and
W. by Greenland and Newington.
Its area is 10,350 a;
cres.
The
northeastern boundary
of Portsmouth is by the District of Maine, following the
main channel of Piscataqua
river.
This line will include
on Portsmouth side the
folio w-
ingislands, viz. Goat'^^Pierce's^
Leach'' s^ Hospital^ Shafiiey^s^und
Salterns.
The compact part of this
town contains about 225 acres,
almost entirely surrounded by
water, the distance being only
90 rods from the south millpond to the north pond. Into
these ponds the tide flows, and
i8;i
at their outlets are flood gates
and
Portsmouth con927 dwelling-houses and
mills.
tains
18 public buildings, viz. 3 congregational meeting-houses, 1
episcopal church, 1 meeting-
house for baptists, 1 for methodists, and 1 for universalists,
an academy, 5 school-houses, a
court-house, gaol, alms-house,
and 2 markets.
A female
asylum was incorporated here
in 1808, and there are also 4
incorporated banks and several
insurance
offices.
An
athe-
naeum was recently established
and promises to be a respectable and useful institution.
The houses
erected in this
last ten years
are generally of brick and of
elegant architecture. In 1800,
there were in this town 86
dwelling-houses of one story,
524 of two stories, and 21 of
three stories, since which period the latter class have increased nearly one third ia
town during the
number and many have been
erected of four stories. P'^rtsmouth pier or tvharf was built
in 1795, by an incorporated
company, 340 feet in leKgth
and of an average width of 60
On
feet.
this
wharf was
erect-
ed a handsome range of buildings
300
feet long, three stories
high,and divided into fourteen
stores. This range was destroy-r
ed by the great fire in 1813,
new market house was built
in 1800, 80 feet long, 30 wide,
and two stories high, the upper story of which is occupied
A
as a
ket
town
is
hall
:
a
new fish mar-
also erected.
Both of
�GAZETTEER OF T<EW-HAM1>SHIRK.
184
these markets are excellently
supplied, especially the latter.
The harbour of Portsmouth
latitude 43°
N. and in
Greenwich
it is known to mariners by the
Agamentifollowing marks.
cus, a remarkable mountain in
is in
5'
70''4'VV. long, t'rom
the county of York, lies four
leagues due N.
Pidgeon hill
on Cape Ann bears due S. 10
leagues, and the highest of the
Isles of Shoals bears S. E. by
S. distant S leagues from the
In
entrance of the harbour.
the middle of the harbour's
mouth is Great' Is land^on which
stands the town of Newcastle,
and on the northeast point of
this island is the light-house.
The following are directions
the
harbour
for entering
*' Vessels coming from the east
should keep in 12 fathoms water, till the light-house bearsN.
half a point E. or W. distant 3
miles to avoid a ledge of rocks
which lie off the mouth of the
harbour, then bear away for
%he light-house, keeping the
western shore on board, and
coming no nearer that shore
than 9 fathoms, giving the light
a proper birth and standing over to the northern shore of
the river where they may anchor in 9 fathoms abreast of
Sparhawk? s point. Ships coming from the southward should
observe the same directions
respecting the light and keep
in 9 fathoms on the western
shore."
Between the north side of
Great Island and the Kittery
shore is the main channel, a-
bout a mile wide and 9 or 10
fathoms deep. The anchorage
is good, the shore is lined with
rocks, and the h3,rbour is landall sides and persect-
locked on
ly safe.
The
tide rises
from
10 to 14 feet. The other entrance on the south side of
Great-Island is called Little
Harbour ; the water here is
shoal and the bottom sandy.
Between the upper end of
Great- Island and the town is a
broad deep still water, called
the pool^ where the largest
ships
may
ride
very safely.
was the usual station for
the mast ships, of which seven
Tliis
have been loading here at once.
In this place the Astrea ship
of war of 20 guns was burnt
in ir44, (see Belknap.)
Portsmouth has convenient
wharves and good anchorage.
The water is deep enough for
the
largest
vessels,
and the
harbour has so many natural
advantages and is so capable
of defence, that it" might be
made a very safe and commodious naval depot.
Ships of war have been
built here at early and recent
periods.
The Falkland of 54
guns in 1690, Bedford Galley
of 32 guns in 1696, as also the
Raleigh of 32, and Ranger of
18.
In 1782, the America of
74 guns was built here and was
presented by Congress to the
king of France. In 1814, the
Washington of 74 guns was
launched.
In 1765, there were here
199 clearances and 115 entries
from foreign ports. In 1790,
�GAZETTEER
and
in
the
1791,
OJP
number of
were 223, of which 34
were ships, 87 were brigs, 84
were schooners, and 18 were
entries
sloops.
The number was
af-
terwards much increased.
In
the year 1810, there belonged
to this port 28 ships, 47 brigs,
10 schooners, 2 sloops, and 1
barge, all of them employed
There were
and ma-
in foraign trade.
also
ny
20
fishing vessels
coasters.
This town
is
intersected by
NEW-HAMPSHIRE,
185
church of England.
imprisoned and was
of the
He was
afterwards
charged.
conditionally
dis-
Rev.
Nathaniel
Rogers was ordained here in
1699; who was descended from
Rogers the
John
martyr
celebrated
the reign of queen
in
Mary. He died in 1723, and
was succeeded by Rev. Jabez
Fitch
who died
in 1746.
Rtv. Samuel Langdon was
ordained here 1747, and was
made
president
40 lanes, 12 alleys,
4 roads, and 4 public squares.
The
ter,
of Harvard
college in 1774.
32
streets,
principal streets are pav-
Rev.
ed.
town
The Portsmouth Aqueduct
Company was incorporated in
1812,
1797, and in 1800, the town
was supplied with excellent
water for domestic uses,from a
spring ia Newington about 3
miles distant from Portsmouth
It is carried into almost
pier.
every street in the town, and
on the north side of the pier is
a water-house and pump where
ships can be supplied at 10
cents per hogshead.
The greatest number of
deaths in this town in any one
of the last 3 5 years was 150,
and the smallest number 100.
The first meeting-house in
Portsmouth was erected in
1640, and a Mr. Gibson was
employed to preach in it. In
1664, another was erected. In
1671, Rev. J. Moody, the first
ordained minister was settled
here. Mr. Moody was indicted by Gov. Cranfield for refusing to administer the sacrament to him after the manner
24
Joseph
Buckminswas ordained in this
D.D.
1779,
in
aged 61,
and died in
Rev. John
Emerson was installed in the
old parish in 1715.
In 1732,
the Rev. Mr. Shurtleff was ordained in the south meetinghouse newly erected, and his
successor Rev. Job Strong was
ordained in 1749. Rev. Samuel Haven, D. D. was settled
here in 1752, and died in 1806,
aged 79. Dr. Haven and Dr,
Buckminster were among the
most distinguished divines and
eminent preachers and the most
learned
men
of their country.
Rev. T. Alden, jun. was ordained colleague with Dr. Haven in 1799, and his successor is Rev. Nathan Parker the
present minister.
keen's
now
chapel^
St.
yohn's churchy was consecrated in 1734, and in 1792,an episcopalian society was incorpoRev. A. Brown
rated here*
was
Rev.
Rev.
settled
J.
J.
C.
over
it
Ogden
in
in
1736,
1786,
Willard and C. Bur-
�GAZETTEER OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE.
186
roughs have succeeded,
latttr
of
whom
is
the
the present
In 1761, a meetinghouse was built in this town by
an " independent congregational" society, over whom Rev.L.
Druwn was settled, and was
succeeded by Rev. J. Walton
pastor.
its
present minister.
'
Mr. Robert Sandiman came
over to *.his country about the
year 1764, and formed a societv in this town, who afterwards built themselves a meeting-house. Mr. Sandiman died
David
in 1771.
ir. Danbury
Humphreys, Esq. has for many years officiated as teacher
of this little flock.
The society of universalists
in
Portsmouth
w;is collected
destroyed 107 persons between
the 20"th of July and the 6th of
October of that year. Of these
55 died of the fever and 52 of
the dysentery.
In the year 1623, David
Thompson, a Scotchman, with
several others from London
landed at the mouth of Piscataqua river on its S. side, at a
place which they called Little-
harbour.
Here they erected
salt-works and a house, which
they afterwards called Masonhall.
In 1631,
Humphrey Chad-
bourne erected a house at
Strawberry-bank. Several cannon also were placed during
this year at the N. E. point of
Great- Inland,
In 1632, the sea-coast
by the Rev. John Murray, who
preached his doctrines
first
here in 1776.
In 1784, Rev.
NoLih Parker was settled over
this society. Rev. J. Richards,
his successor, was ordained in
1799, and was succeeded by
Rev.
thL Rev. Hosea Ballou.
Sebastian Streeter is the pres-
page 51.)
ent minister.
forever.
In
1802, a baptist society
was formed
in
this
town by
Elder EliasSmith. The church
in 1 803, and now
consists of 175 members. The
methodists also have a small
society in this town.
The situation and climate of
Portsmouth
are salubrious.
The annual average number of
deaths for 25 years past has
been about 120, except the
year 1 798, whtn the town was
visited by the yellow fever and
dysentery.
This epidemic
was gathered
in
was alarmed by
the piracies and depredation of
Dixy Bull. (See General View,
vicinity
this
of
In 1 640, a grant of 50 acres
glebe land was made to
Thomas Walford and Henry
Sherburne and their successors
In 1692, the small-pox raged with great violence in Portsmouth and Greenland, and few
people being acquainted with
its
treatment,
the
mortality
and sufferings were very great.
In 1694, an attack was made
upon the houses at Portsmouth
plains by
party
;
an Indian scouting
14 persons were kill-
ed on the spot, several others
were wounded, and a number
taken prisoners.
The houses
also were plundered and burnt.
(See Breakfast hill.)
�GAZETTEER OF NEW-HAMPSHTU?:
In 1697, William Partridge
native of Portsmouth was
appointed lieutenant-governor.
In 1705, the line of pickets,
which enclosed Portsmouth,
extended from the mill-pond
on the S. side of the town to
the creek on the S. side, and
crossed the street a few rods
W. of the present site of the
court-house.
Portsmouth has suffered in
a remarkable manner by fire.
On the 26th December, 1802,
a fire broke out in one of the
banks and destroyed 120 builda
ings, principally in
Daniel streets.
December, 1806, another conabout 20
buildings, including St. John's
churchy but the most calamitous and destructive fire was on
22d December, 1813. It
swept over 15 acres and destroyed 173 buildings. These
fire? have been the cause of
great improvements in the
streets, the appearance, and
the
police of the town.
RrvER,
has
its
Kingston in Great
pond and County pond^ thence
source in
it
passes
the S.
mills,
and their mechanism,
W.
to-
gether with the irregularity of
the houses, scenery, Sec. give
to this spot a singularly grotesque and romantic appearance and afford on the whole
one of the most remarkable
views in this country.
R.
the 24th
flagration destroyed
Powow
the space of 50 rods falls 100
feet, carrying 1 hloomery, 5
saw-mills, 1 fulling-mill, and 1
snuff-mill, besides several other auxiliary mills.
The rapidity of the tails, the continuity
of the dams, the variety of the
Market and
On
i8r
part of
East-Kingston into Southampthence into Amesbury,
it
takes an easterly
course and passes again into
Southampton, thence returning
to Amesbury it empties into
the Merrimack between Saliston,
where
Amesbury in Essex
The falls on
this river in Amesbury are remarkable. The water within
Raymond,
Rockingham
in
county, was incorporated in
1764, and in 1810, contained
898 inhabitants
bounded N.
by Nottingham and Deerfield,
E. by Epping and Poplin, S.
by Chester, and W. by Candia
and Chester,comprising 16,317
acres, of which 360 are water.
Jones* pond 250 rods long and
150 wide, and Governor's pond
200 long and 100 wide are in
this town, both of them emptying into Lamprey river. Exeter river passes the S. E. extremity and Petuckawav river
;
N. E. extrernity of this
There is here 1 meettown.
ing-house, 2 religious societies,
1 of them of congregationalists,
over which the Rev. Mr.Stick-
the
There are in
3 grain-mills, 4 sawmills, and a fulling-mill.
ney was
settled.
Raymond^
bury and
county,
Mass.
Red
Hill
River
flows
from Red hill pond in the town
of Sandwich, and after a south-
�GAZETTEER OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE.
188
erly
course
falls
into
the
Winnipiseogce lake.
empty
into Miller's river
others
into
river.
of about 6 miles
N. E. arm of
Red and yellow
the
and
Contoocook
ochre,
aad
Rindge
lying on
crystals, crystalline spars,
township in
the S. part of Cheshire county,
Richmond,
a
1752, and
in 1810, contained 1290 inhab-
was incorporated
in
bounded N. by SwanE. by Fitzwilliam, S. by
Massachusetts, and W. by
Winchester, comprising 23,725
itants
;
sey,
Here are several ponds,
the waters of which fall into
Ashuelot, and one of them is
the source of Miller's river.
Ashuelot turnpike passes thro'
this town. There are here two
acrest
societies of baptists ;ind one of
Friends, and two meetinghouses in a small village near
There
the centre of the town.
Richmond
are also in
5 grain-
saw-miUs, 1 clothingmill, and 1 carding-machine.
Elders Bellew and Aldrich
were first settled here, Elder
mills, 5
Billings
is
the present pastor.
RiNDGE, in the N.E. part of
Cheshire county, was incorporated in 1760, and in 1810, contained 1226 inhabitants bounded N.by Jaffrey and Sharon, E.
by New-Ipswich, S. by Massachusetts, and W. by FitzW'illiam, comprising 23,838 acres, of which 660 are water.
There are in this town 12
ponds, the largest of which
(^Menomonock pond) has about
;
200
acres.
Of
some contain 100
the
others
acres and
The waothers are smaller.
ters from some of them unite
with the Menomoriock, others
vitriol are
found here.
has a pleasant village
the turnpike, containing a congregational meeting-house,several mills, &c. Rev. Seth Dean
was ordained here in 1765, and
Rev. Scth Payson succeeded
him in 1782, and is the presIn 1775, this
ent minister.
town contained only 542 inhabitants.
Rochester,
in
Strafford
county, was incorporated in
1722, and contains 2118 inhabitants ; bounded N. E. by
river, which difrom Lebanon, (in
Maine,) S.E. by Somersworth
and Dover, S. W. by Barrington, and N.W. by Farmington
and Milton, comprising 26,609
Cochecho river flows
acres.
through this town from N. to
S. and receives Isinglass river
Salmon
vides
fall
it
near Dover
line.
Near
is
a
the ce«tre of the town
village called Norway
containing a meetinghouse, a court-house, about 40
dwelling-houses, and several
There are also in this
stores.
town 4 grain-mills,4 saw-mills,
2 carding-machines, and a cot-
plains,
ton factory.
One term of the district
court of common pleas is held
here annually.
Rev. Amos Maine was ordained ia this town in 1737.
His successors have been Rev.
Messrs. Hill, Hall, and Haven,
�GAZETTEER OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE.
the latter of
sent pastor.
whom
is
the pre-
In 1746, and in 1747, the
Indians made excursions against this town in small parties, committing many depredations and some murders.
Rockingham
County
is
bounded N. E. by Strafford
county and Piscataqua river,
E. about 14 miles by the sea,
as in Exeter,
189
there
is
a court-
house and a county gaol. The
superior court is holden for this
county at Portsmouth and Exeter alternately.
The courts
of common pleas are also holden in those towns alternately.
Probate courts are holden in
Portsmouth, Exeter, and Londonderry.
RoxBURY,
in
Cheshire coun-
was incorporated in 1812,
and is boiindefl N. by Sullivan,
E. by Nelson and Dublin, S.
by Marlborough, and W. by
Keene, ompnsing about 6000
This rown was incoracres.
E. and S. by Massachusetts,
and W. by Hillsborough county, comprising an area of 661,
646 acres of land and water.
This county contains 46 townships, and according to the
ty,
census of 1810, a population
of 50,115 inhabitants, 8,404 of
porated subsequent to the list
census arid of course its population has not been estimated.
There is her-; a meeting-house,
S.
whom
were
legal voters.
It
has 80 meeting-houses, 6 academies, 132 grain-mills, 161
saw-mills, 38 clothing-mills, 5
cotton and 2 woollen factories,
26 carding-machines, 5 papermills,
4
oil-mills,
and 130 trad-
ing stores exclusive of those
in
Portsmouth.
In 1812, the returns of cattle and horses in this county
were as follows; 19 stud-horses, 5,271 other horses, 205 of
four years old, 334 of three
years old, and 337 of two years
old ; 7,164 oxen, 3,335 of four
years old, 16,913 cows, 8,433
of three years old cattle, and
By
9,01 & of two years old.
the best estimates there were
61,340 sheep and 3,634 acres
of orcharding.
The principal towns in this
county are Portsmouth, Concord, Exeter, and LondonderIn Portsmouth, as well
ry.
i
a grain-mill, a saw-mill,
and a
clovhing-mill.
RuMNEY,
Grafton county,
in 1767, and
inhabitants ;
contains
765
bounded N. E. by Ellsworth,
E. by Campton, S. W. by Groton and Hebron, and N. W.by
Wentworth, comprising an area of 22,475 acres.
In the north partof the town
is Stinsori's pond 400 rods long
and 280 wide, from which
flows a considerable stream
in
was incorporated
called Blill hrook^
to Baker's river.
emptying inThis river
passes the southerly extremity
of the town. Stinson^s mountain lies near the pond, and a
part of Carr''s and several other mountains are in this town.
There is here a meeting-house
in which Rev. Thomas Niles
�GAZETTEER OF NEW-HAxMPSHIRE.
190
was first settled. Elders C.
Haines and Wilmouth have
S.
succeeded him, but at present
Through
it has no minister.
this town on the south side of
Baker's riv«r passes the great
road from Plymouth to the
Saco River has its source
on the White mountains near
what is called the notch, and
in the vicinity of the source
Coos turnpike.
which runs westerly into Con-
Rockingham county, lying on the sea-
Rye, a township
in
coast opposite to the Isles of
Shoals, was incorporated in
1719, and contains 1020 inhab-
bounded N. and N.W.
by Portsmouth, N. E. by Little Harbour, E. by the sea, S.
by Northampton, and W. by
itants
;
Greenland, comprising 7,780
On the shore there are
three very pleasant beaches,
viz. Jewiess* Sandy, and Walacres.
lace's.
Harbour
A
bridge
at
Little
unites the towns of
I^ye and Newcastle.
The
soil
of this town is not naturally
fertile, but it is made remarkably productive bj' the assistance of sea-weed, which is
ascertained to be an excellent
manure.
Rev. Nath'i Morrill was settled here in 1726, Rev. Samuel
Parsons in 1736, and the present minister Rev. Hunting-
of the
Lower Amonoosuck,
necticut river.
Saco river flows in a southerly course down the mountains
about 12 miles, then taking an
easterly direction it enters the
town of
Barllett,
where
it
re-
ceives Ellis river, which rises
in the
easterly pass of the
mountain near the source of
Peabody river.
Within the
distance of half a mile from
fountains
two large
these
streams flow down the highest
of the mountains, one of them
into Ellis river.
The former
of these is Cutler's river and
the latter is New river.
The
latter made its appearanc?^ in
October, 1775, during a long
rain.
In its course it broke
down many rocks and trees and
presented a wide spectacle of
ruin.
At its junction with
Ellis river there is a noble
cascade of 100 feet in height.
Several other branches of <9ac<3
river flow from other parts of
ton Porter in 1814.
There is here 1 meetinghouse, 2 school-houses, 3 grain
and 3 saw-mills.
In the fall of 1814, a boat
from a British fleet approached the shore at i?z/f, and on
being fired upon by the inhabitants, it immediately returned
with a loss, it is supposed, of
From Bartlett
the mountains.
the course of the Saco is S. about 10 miles to the lower part
of Conway, where it receives
several men.
miles.
Swift river from Burton, thence
in an easterly course it passes
into
Fryburgh and BrownsMaine, and from thence
field in
to the sea
ly course
has a southeasterof about forty-five
it
�GAZETTEER OP NEW-HAMPSHIRE.
This river rises and overflows very suddenly in rainy
seasons and subsides very rapidly after the cessation of the
rains.
In the great flood of
1775, when the New river
broke out, the banks of the
Saco were overflowed very
suddenly, and the waters were
of a deep red colour for several days, probably from passing
over iron ore. This appearance
was superstitiously supposed to
be that of blood, and was considered as ominous of public
calamity.
On the subsiding of
the waters, it was observed,
that the bed of the river in
some places was widened and
the course of several of its
branches changed. In a great
freshet
it
has risen 25 feet, but
common
its
rise
is
about 10
191
Thefe is here also a small
society of methodists, another
of baptists, a pleasant village
of 12 or 14 houses, 4 grainmills, 3 saw-mills, a woollen
factory, a fulling-mill, and a
carding-machine.
Salisbury, a township in
N.E. part of Hillsborough
the
county, formerly
called
Ste-
phenstown,was incorporated in
1768, and contains 1913 inhabitants
bounded N. by Andover, E. by Merrimack river,
which divides it from Northfield, S. by Boscawen and Warner, and W. by Kearsarge
Gore and mountain, comprising an area of 28,600 acres.
Blackwater river, a branch of
the Contoocook passes the W.
part of this town and forms sev;
bays near the line of Andover.
toll bridge connects
the N.E. part of this town with
Sanbornton.
There is a very
eral
feet.
A
Salem New,
generally call-
ed New-Salem, is in Rockingcounty, was incorporated
in 1 750, and contains 1 1 79 inhabitants ; bounded N. by
Londonderry, E. by Atkinson
and the line of Massachusetts,
S. by this line and Pelham, and
ham
W.
by Windham, comprising
15,600 acres. In this place are
World'' s pond^ Captain! s pond^
Policy pondy &c. all of which
fall into Spiggot river.
The
soil here is well watered and
fertile.
The Londonderry
flourishing village at Webster's
fails, near the mouth of Winni-
piseogee
river.
A
Kearsarge mountain
bury^ and through
part of
is in
Salis-
town
N. H. turnpike
Dartmouth college to
this
passes the 4th
from
Concord.
On this road in the
of the town is a flour*
ishing village, containing 20 or
30 houses, stores, &c. There
S. part
town a %congregaand baptist society, 2
handsome meeting-houses, an
academy, several grain and
are in this
tional
turnpike passes through this
Rev. A. Bailey was
town.
settled here in 1 740, and Elder
Samuel Fletcher in 1780. Rev.
John Smith is the present pas-
ing-machines,
tor.
5tore«.
saw-mills,
a
clothing-mill,
wire-factory, oil-mill, 2 card-
and 6 trading
�GAZETTEER OF NEW-HAAfPSmRE.
192
Ri V. J. Searle was ordained
The present
in 1773.
ministers are the Rev. T.Worhert'
cester and Elder O. Robinson.
Salmon Fall River
is
the
branch of
the Piscataqua (which see.)
easti^rn
and
m.«in
Bodwell,
Elders Crocket
Sanbornton has
11 grain-mills, 13 saw- mills, 3
clothing-mills, 2 carding-machines, 1 nail-factory, an oilmill, a distillery, and 6 trading
J.
and Cheney.
stores.
Sanuown,
Sanbornton,
W.
in the S.
part of S.r. fford county, was
incorporiiU-d in 1770, and contains 2,884 inhabitants ; bound-
ed N.W.bv Ni w-Hiimpton,N.
E. by Mercdivh, E. by the
Great bay, which divides it
from Gilford, S.E. by Gilmanton, S. by Winn'piseogee lake,
and W. by Ptingeway river,
which divides it from Salisbury, Andover, and New-Chester
;
this
river
unites
Winnipiseogee lake
in
with
the S.
W.
part ol the town, at which
place the confluent streams become the ]\|errimack river.
bays and rivers, which almost encircle this town meas-
The
ure nearly 30 miles,and the bay
town and MereSalmon
pond in
this town, and is 130 rods long
and 50 wide. Salmon brook
mountain is in Sanbornton. Re-
between
this
3 miles wide.
brook pond is the only
dith
is
publican ridge connects this
town with Salisbury and Union
bridge unites it to Giltaanton.
There are
in this
town 3
re-
ligious societies, 2 of baptists
and 1 of congregationalists,
each of them owning a handsome mc»eting-house. Rtv. J.
Woodman
this
The
minister in
in 1771.
present ministers ar^Rev.
the
first
town was ordained
in
Rockingham
county, was incorporated in
1756, and in 1810, contained
504< inhabitants
bounded N.
by Chf^ster and Poplin, E. by
Hawke, S. by Hajupstead, and
W. by Chester and part
of Londonderry, comprising
8,532 acres, of which 200 are
;
water.
The
largest parts
of Chub
pond and of Angle pond are
town, one on its eastern
and the other on its northern
line ; the former is 140 rods
wide and the luttcr 100, emptying itself into Exeter river,
which passes through this
town. Rev. Josiah Cotton the
first minister here, was ordained in 1759, and was succeeded for a short time by the Rev.
in this
The inhabitants
Collins.
are generally baptists and meThere is here a
thodists.
nieeting-house
and several
S.
mills.
Sandwich, in the N. part
of Sii. fford county, was incorporated in 1763, and contains
2,232 inhabitants ; bounded
N. b)' Sand wi en mountains an
unlocated tiact, E. by Tamworrh, S.^by Moultonborough,
and
W.
by Campton,
Holder-
ness and Thornton, comprising an area of 54,600 acres.
�GAZETTEER OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE.
Red Hill pond and Bear
Camp pond are in this town,
of two
of the same names.
In the northwest part of the
town is part of Squam. mountain
and of Squam lake, (see Squam
forming the sources
rivers
lake.)
Tiiere are here three religious societies ; one of baptists,
one of methodists, and one of
friends.
Elder Quimby is a
There
settled preacher here.
are in Sandwich 6 grain-mills,
6 saw-mills, 1 clothing-mill,
1 carding- machine, and 3 trad-
ing stores.
Sawyer's Location. (See
Nash's and Sawyer's location.)
Seabrook,
in
Rockingham
county, is in the northeast extremity of the state.
It was
incorporated in 1768, and contains
774 inhabitants
N. by Hampton
;
bounded
E. by
Falls,
193
Seabrook was formerly a part
of Hampton.
It is 9 miles
from Exeter, the road passing
through it from Portsmouth
to
Newburyport.
Sharon, in the west part of
Hillsborough county, was incorporated in 1791, and con446 inhabitants ; bounded N. by Peterborough, E. by
Temple, S. by New-Ipswich
and Rindge, and W. by Jaffrey, comprising an area of
10,000 acres.
St'veral small streams rise
in this town and fall into Contoocook river. On the line between this town and Rindge is
a cragged mountain 200 feet
higher than the surrounding
tains
country.
The 3d N. H. turnpike passes over the southwest
extremity of this town.
Shelburne, in Coos county,
was incorporated in 1769, and
the sea, S. by the line of Massachusetts dividing it from
Salisbury, and W. by Southampton and part of Kensington, comprising an area of
contains
3,307 acres.
(jainx^ brook waters the east
part of the town and falls into
comprising 45,140 acres.
the sea at Hampton. This part
of the town is an extensive
salt marsh.
There are here
two societies of congregation-^
alists and one "of friends, each
having a meeting-house in a
village of about 40 houses,&c.
Rev. S. Perley was ordained
here in 1765. The present
pastor is Rev. £. Hull.
26
176
inhabitants
;
bounded N. by Success and
Maynesborough, E. by the
District of Maine, S. by unlocated lands, and W.by Durand,
Ameriscoggin river
in
its
passage through this town into
Maine, receives Peabody and
rivers
and several
Moose
smaller streams.
Mount MorzaAandsome other large mountains are in ShelburneThere
are here 2 grain and 2 sawmills.
in
Sh»als, Isles of, are seven
number and lie on the coast
�CAZETTEKR OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE.
194
of New-Hampshire. The celebrated John Smith gave his
own name to them, but the ingratitude of posterity has denied this small honour to his
memory. Stateti island belongs to
on
New- Hampshire, and
this is the
town of Gosport.
The
others are in the District
of Maine.
They are inhabit-
ed by about 100 fishermen and
have a meeting-house, which
serves as a land mark to seamen.
There has also been
erected here by charity a parsonage house.
There is here good moorings
and an artificial dock construct-
set river in
line.
SoMERswoRTH, in the
southextremity of Strafford
county, was formerly a part of
Dover. It was incorporated
in 1754, and contains 878 incast
Rochester,
33'.
;
bounded N.
W. by
N. E. by Salmon
river which divides
it
from Berwick, and S. and S.W.
by Dover, comprising an area
of 10,048 acres.
There are
in this town several ponds,
such as Cole's pond 150 rods
long and half as wide
Humphreys^ pond on the line of
Dover, 200 long and 120 wide.
Dover turnpike passes through
the southeast part of this town
and over Quampegan bridge
into Berwick.
SomersTvorth
fall
;
Rev. John Tuck was ordained here in 1732, and died in
1773, aged 77.
Sims' Stream rises in the
mountains in Columbia from
several ponds and springs, and
the Connecticut river near the northwest ejitremity of the town.
falls into
Smith's River rises in Orange and Grafton, near Isinglass mountain, and after an
easterly course of 16 » miles
through Danbury and Alexandria, falls into the
is
:
habitants
N. N. W. 3 leagues to Newburyport bar, S. W. 7 leagues,
N. lat. 42° 59', W. long. 70°
mouth
;
do
From Star ishmd to d)-y salvage rock the course is S. ^°
W. 8 leagues to Portsmouth,
Its
Society" LAND,in Hillsborough county, contains 199 inhabitants
bounded N. by
Deering, E. by Francestown,
S. by Greenfield, and W. by
Contoocook river which divides
it
from Antrim
its area is
Crotchet moun3,300 acres.
tain lies on its south and east
Vessels
ed by Mr. Haley.
sometimes put in here in bad
weather, but large ships cannot
this safely.
the upper part of
New-Chester.
20 yards wide.
Pemigewas-
has one meeting-house.
The Rev. James Pike was
1730, and he
has been succeededby theRev.
P. Thurston. There are in
this town 3 grain and 3 sawmills, 2 fulling-mills, and
1
trading store. The history of
this town records
a violent
thunder storm in 1779, during
which the meeting-house was
settled here in
�GAZETTEER OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE.
consumed by lightning and its
bell was melted and fell in a
of that
name
195
opposite Litch-
field.
state of fusion.
SoucooK River
rises
from
three ponds in the southerlypart of Gilmanton,oneofwhich
The several
is Soon pond.
branches unite in Loudon, and
passing between Concord and
Pembroke,
mack
falls.
fall
river
On
this
number of
MerriGarvan's
into the
below
stream
mills
of
Spiggot River rises in
Londonderry and Hampstead
from Island pond. After passing through Salem and receiving the waters of several ponds
in that
town,
Merrimack
it
falls
into the
Me-
river between
thuen and Dracut in
Massa-
chusetts.
a large
various
is
Springfield,
in
Cheshire
kinds.
county, was incorporated in
1794, and contains 814 inhab-
SoiJTHAMPTON, in Rockingcounty, was incorporated
in 1742, and contains 427 inhabitants bounded N.by EastKingston and Kensington, E.
by Seabrook, S. by Amesbury,
and W. by Newtown, com-
itants
ham
;
prising 9,400 acres.
Powow river flows through
this town and affords many
valuable mill seats. There is
;
bounded
Grafton, S. E. by
N. E.
by
Wilmot and
New-London, and W. by Croydon and New-Grantham, com]>rising 28,330 acres, 200 of
vJiich are water. Stallion
pond
town is 230 rods long
and 140 wide
SUbj pond is
240 long and about 80 wide^
A branch of Sugar river has
in this
j
its source here.
Through the
N. E. part of the town passes
here one meeting-house. Rev.
William Parsons was settled the 4th N.H. turnpike. Springin this town in 1743, and Rev. Jield is in the N. E. extremity
N. Noyes in 1763. Southamp- of the county adjoining Hillston was formerly a part of borough and Grafton counties.
Hampton and granted by Mas- There are here 3 religious societies, 1
meeting-house, 11
sachusetts.
mills,
and
1 store.
SowHEGAN River
sources of
its
has the
southerly branch
New-Ipswich, TempIe,WilAton, and Lyndeborough.
nother branch flows from NewBoston and Mount- Vernon,
and passes through Milford
and Amherst. The two branches unite in the town of Merrimack and fall into the river
in
Squam Lake and River.
This lake
on the borders
Moultonborough, Sandwich, and Centreharbor.
It is about 6 miles
in length and nearly 5 miles
of
lies
Holderness,
wide, containing probably about 6,500 acres.
It has several small islands, the largest
�GAZETTEER OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE.
196
There are here 17 ponds, all
of which discharge their \v;iters
into Ashuelot and Contoocook
of which is Fort''er''s, 300 rods
This
long and 120 wide.
lake mio^ht easily communicate
with Winnipiseogee lake, the
distv>nce
rivers.
A
between them being
ridge of mountains extends more than half through
this town.
There are here 2
The
500 rods wide.
stream from Sqiiam lakexo Lit-
only
Sqicam pond^ (called Squam
is 100 rods long, thence
through the pond to its outlet
Pemigewasis 400, thence to
tle
religious societies,
river)
house,
set river the distanee is 1000
The river and the pond
rods.
are in Holderness.
(See Gen-
State Prison.
eral
View, page 49.
Stewartstowv
N.
contains
is
in
the
Coos county, and
part of
176
bounded N. by
inhabitants
;
college lands,
E. by Dixville, S. by Colebrook, and W. by Vermont,
comprising 27,381 acres. Diviond pond is in this town,
forming the source of Dimond
Bishop's brook^ Dead
river.
xuater river ^ and Mohaivk river
also h >ve their sources here.
unites with the
ill's stream
H
Contoocook
in this
merous
On
town.
th se several streams
are nu-
mills.
Stoddard, in Cheshire
county, was incorporated in
1774, and contains 1139 informerly
It. was
habit.mts.
called Liratrick,and is bounded N. by Washington, E. by
Windsor and Antrim,
S.
by
]Nelson and Sullivan, and W.
b} Sullivan, Gdsum,and M.irIt contains 35,925 acres,
low.
1100 of which are water.
mills,
4
and
1
meeting3 saw-
grain-mills,
1
clothing-mill.
County
Strafford
is
and N. W. by
Grafton county, N. by Coos
county, E. by the District of
Maine, and S. by Rockingham
bounded
W.
county,
comprising 861,171
acres of land and water. This
county contains 41,595 inhabitants, 6,828 of whom are legal voters.
It has 32 townships, and in 1813, it had 50
meeting-houses, 1 academy,
920 grain-mills, 127 saw-mills,
32 clothing-mills, 4
oil-mills,
4
woollen-factory, 21 carding-machines, 10
and 88 trading
distilleries,
stores.
In 1810, there were
in this county 23 stud-horses,
4,444 other horses, 238 four
years old, 312 three years old,
and 495 two years old ; 5,685
oxen, 3,223 four years old ;
12,874 cows, 8,682 three years
old cattle, 9,395 two years old
cattle, 1 mule, 1 jack,
and
1,783 acres of orcharding.
Tlie principal towns in this
county are Dover, Durham,
and Gilmanton.
Rochester,
The superior court holds its
sessions for this county at Dover, the common pleas are hol-
cotton-factories,
1
den alternately at Rochester
and Gilmanton,and the probate
�GAZETTEER OF NEW-HAMI'SHIRE.
court is held also in these two
towns.
The county gaol is at
Dover. StraJ^ord sends 35 representatives to the state legislature.
197
town was part of
the grant to
Hilton in 1650, called
Sivamscot patent. The charter
of Stratham was dated March
20th, 1716, and signed
by
Edward
George Vaughan then
Stratford,
Coos coun-
in
was incorporated in 1773,
and contains 339 inhabitants
bounded N, by Coluxnbia, E.
by ungranted lands No. 1., S.
by Piercy andNorthumberland,
and W. by the Connecticut
river, which separates it from
Brunswick in Vermont.
Its
ty,
ant-governor.
The
lieutt-n-
townmeeting was on the 10th of Afirst
area
is
1716, Deacon David Robinson was chosen town clerk
and held that office 47 years.
Rev. Henry Rust was ordained here in 1718, Rev. Joseph
Adams in 1747, and Rev.
James Miltimore in 1786, the
latter gentleman has since re-
town
is
moved. Elder
;
48,931 acres. This
watered by Roaring'
brooiy Strong\t brook^ and Bay
brook.
BoTv-back mountaiyi^
Peak's mountain^ and several
others are in this town.
StratJhrdh'ds one meeting-house belonging to methodists. Rev.
Sumner was settled here in
1773. In 1775, this town had
only 40 inhabitants, and in
1790, there were 150.
C
Stratham,
in
Rockingham
county jlies on the E. side of the
western branch of Piscataqua river and inl 810,contained876inhabitants;boundedN.by Greenland, S.E.by Greenland ScNorthampton, S. W.by Exeter, and
W. and N. W. by the river and
bay, which separate it from Exeter
and Newmarket.
Its area is
10,120 acres. There are here 2
religious societies,
1
of baptists
and the other of congregationalists, each of them has a meeting-house.
There are in this
town 4 grain-mills, 3 saw-raills,
This
and 1 clothing-mill.
pril,
settled
S.
over the
Shepard was
baptists
in
At
present there is no
settled minister in the town.
From the year 1798 to 1812,
inclusive, the number of deaths
in this tov/n was 186.
The
greatest number in any one
year was 20, and the smallest
number 5, averaging about 12
annually.
Between the years
1742, and 1797, inclusive, the
number of deaths was 1080,
averaging about 20 annually.
Stratham lies about 8 miles
from the sea. The land is even and well calculated for agricultural purposes.
Farming
is so exclusively the employment of the town, that, although a navigable river adjoins it, there is not a wharf,
vessel or boat helongijig to the
place.
In the easterly part of
the town, is perhaps the largest repository of peat iti the
state.
It is a meadow com-
1771.
monly known by
Temple meadow
the
name of
or
swamp-
�GAZETTEER^ OF NBW-HAMPSHrRE.
198
This
at
some future day
will
probably become a valuable resource.
In 1807, a bridge was erected connecting this town with
Newmarket.
It cost about
S6,obo, and the toll amounts
annually to about ^700.
revolutionarj' war
In the
town lost 23 of its inthis
habitants.
Success, an unsettled township in Coo^ county, incorporated in 1/73, and bounded N.
by Cambridge, E. by the DisMaine, S. by Sheltrict of
burne, and N. W. by Maynesborough, comprising 29,813
acr^s.
In this town rises Norniarl^ungowatk river from a pond
about 350 rods long and 2J5
wide, near the line of the state.
Live river" also has its source
in this town.
Roxbury and Keene, and W.
by Keene and Gilsum, comprising 12,212 acres.
This town is watered by
Ashuelot river, and has 2
religious societies, 1 meetinghouse, and a settled minister.
There are here 2 saw-mills and
1
grain-mill.
SuNCOOK River has the
source of its northern branch
in a pond, which forms part of
the boundary between Oilmanton and Gilford, and passing
through the easterly part of
Gilmanton, it receives the two
Suncook ponds and also Small's
pond near the line of Alton."
It
thence enters Barnstead,
where it passes through two
ponds of its own name,
and receives the waters of
Half moon and Brindle ponds.
Just below these ponds it rereives a branch from Barring-
other
ton, called Little
Sugar River
flows
from
the Avest side of Sunapee lake^
and passing westerly into Newport, receiv^es several branches
from the north, and thence entering Claremont, falls into
Connecticut river five or six
miles below Cornish bridge.
It is in contemplation to unite
this river with the Contoocook
by a canal, (see Sunapee lake.)
a tov/nship in
Cheshire county, was incorporated in 178*7, and contains 516
inhabitants ; bounded N. by
Gilsum and Stoddard, E. by
Stoddard and Nelson, S. bv
riv-
part of Pittsfield.
It thence
flows through Pittsfield into
Epsom where it receives an
eastern branch from Suncook
pond
in
Northwood.
this junction
miles through
it
flows
Epsom
From
8 or 10
and be-
tween AUenstown and Pembroke, and empties its waters
into
Sullivan,
Suncook
and another from Wild
goose pond in the northeast
er,
the
below
Merrimack 7 miles
the
near
Concord
southern extremity of Allenstown.
There is a great
variety of mills on this riv(See
its
er and
branches.
Pembroke.)
�GAZETTEER OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE.
SuNAPEE Lake
lies
partly
Wendell,(Cheshire county,)
and pTartly in Fishersfield,
(Hillsborough county.)
It is
•leven miles long and about
one mile and a half wide. Its
outlet is on its west side through
in
Sugar
river.
A
canal has been contemplated to connect the Connecticut and Merrimack river,and
this lake has been proposed as
the reservoir, it being situated
on the height of land between
the two rivers.
It
now dis-
charges its waters through Sugar river into the Connecticut.
This would undoubtedly be the
western course of the projected canal, but as to its eastern
route there are differences of
The most advantagopinion.
eous course has been said to be
through Herrick's cove and
Small pond in its vicinity, and
thence through Keazer's pond
near the north meeting-house
in Sutton, and thence through
Steven's brook into Warner's
river, which empties into the
Merrimack.
Surry, a township
ii;i
Ches-
incorporated in
1769, and now containing 564
hire
county,
bounded N. by
Alstead, E. by Gilsum, S. by
Keene, and W. by Westmoreland and Waipolc, comprising
inhabitants
;
7,917 acres.
Ashuelotriver flows through
this town, and is here between
80 and 100 feet wide. There
is one pond in this town,which
is near the summit of a mountain.
Through
Surrij the turn-
199
from Chester to
Keene.
Rev. B. Bailing, the first
pike passes
minister in this place, was setRev. P. Howe
is the present minister. There
is here
one religious society
and a meeting-house, 2 grainmills, 2 saw-mills» 1 clothingtled In 1788.
mill, 1
tillery,
carding-machine, 1 disand 2 trading stores.
SuTTON,a township in Hillsborough county, was incorporated in 1784, and contains
1328 inhabitants bounded jST.
by New-London, E. by Kearsarge Gore and Boscawen, S.
by Warner and Bradford, and
W. by Fishersfield, comprising
24,300 acres, 280 of which are
water. Long pond in this town
is 350 rods long and 80 wide.
HazerCspond\% about 150 rods
in diameter.
A branch of
Warner's river flows through
;
town.
Kearsarge mountain extends
almost over the whole length
of Sutton on its west side.
Kearsarge bills are also in the
same part of the town. On
thtsse high lands and in the
meadows at their feet are found
this
beds
of excellent clay.
Here
are found quarries of
st6nes remai-kable for their
also
shape and qualities. They are
prepared with little labour for
hearths, &c.
The soil
in this town presents
the varieties of productiveness and sterility ; and,though
the surface is diversified with
:t continued succession of hills
and vales, and is often rough
all
�GAZETTEER OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE.
200
mountainous,
and
excellent
crops of wheat are raised here,
as well as the other staple productions of the state.
In 1798, a mineral resembling black lead was found in
this town, and it has been ascertained to produce a durable
and handsome
slate
col-
and 100 rods wide.
in
The
principal road passing
through Siittcn
is
from Hop-
kinton to Dartmouth college.
The prevailing sect here are
baptists, over whom Elder S.
Ambrose was ordained ml 782.
Elder Taylor
is
also settled in
There
are here 2
meeting-houses, 3 grain-mills,
2 saw-mills, 2 clothing-mills,
1 carding-machine, and 3 trading stores.
The annual average number
of deaths in this town for the
last 10 years has been 12. Two
persons lately died here, one
over 99, and the other overlOO
years of age.
this town.
its
sm;vll villages, a cotton factory,
distillery,
our.
carding-machine, 4
grain-mills, 12 saw-mills,
Rev. T. Harrington was the
minister of this town. He
has been succeeded by Rev.
Messrs. Carpenter and Goddard.
Elder Cutler is the only minister here at present.
first
Swift River has its source
among the mountains in the
ungranted lands northwest of
Whiteface mountain, and 6 or
8 miles from Sandwich.
It
takes an easterly course through
Burton into Conway, where it
empties into Saco river.. There'
is another small river of the
riv-
the head of the
tide, which is in the compact
settlement of the town ol Exeas
er
in
Tamworth.
the
name of Exeter
Indian
is
and
3 clothing-mills.
same name
SwAMscoT River
Ashuelot
passage through
this town has a breadth of 6
or 8 rods.
The branch turnpike crosses the northeast extremity of the town.
There are here 3 religious
societies, 2 meeting-houses, 2
river
T.
far as
Tahiworth, a township
in
hire county,
was incorporated in 1766, and contains
1134 inhabitants bounded N".
by Burton, E. by Eaton, S.by
Ossipee, and W. by Sindwich,
in 1753,
comprising 28,917 acres.
ter.
(See Exeter.)
Strafford county,
;
Sw ANzET,a township inCheswas incorporated
and now containsl400
inhabitants
bounded N. by
Keene, E. by Marlborough and
f itzwilliam, S. by Richmond,
and W. by Winchester and
;
Chesterfield : its area is 28,057
acres, 200 of which are water,
Swanzey pond is 1 mile long
Bear Camp river is the only
considerable stream in this
town. This has an easterly
course into Ossipee pond. The
rapidity of its current in times
of freshets renders it almost
useless for the purposes of
�GAZETTEER OF NEW-HAMPSHIRB.
mills.
is
a
Swift river in this town
fine
stream and affords
A
many
20!
meeting-house, 4 grain-mills,
3 saw-mills, and
1
fulling-milf.
valuable mill seats.
nail factory and a carding-maConchine are erected on. it.
Webster was ordained here in 1771, and Rev. Noah Miles, his successor, in
way river falls into Bear Camp
river near the centre of Tamfvorth.
It has its source in
Burton and passes through
Conway pond. This is also a
valuable stream for mills.
few rods from the meet-
1779.
A
ing-house in this town, is a remarkable rock called ordination rock,
it
being memorable
where
Rev. S.
Hidden was ordained Septem-
as the place
ber 12lh, 1-792.
the
Its
summit
was sufficiently large to accommodate the minister and the
whole of the council. There
is in Tamworth a large church
and society under the pastoral
charge of Mr. Hidden. There
is also a free-will baptist soci-
under Elder WebThere are in this town
ety here
ster.
9 school-houses.
Temple, a township in Hills-
;
comprising 13,700 acres. Several streams which fall into
river,
rise
among
the mountains in the westerly
The prinpart of this town.
road from Amherst to
Peterborough passes through
There is here 1
this town.
cipal
congregational
society
26
and
S.
Thornton, a township in
Grafton county, was incorporated in 1781, and now contains
794 inhabitants bounded N.
and N. W. by Peeling, N. E.
by Thornton's Gore, S. by
Campton, and W. by Ells;
worth.
Its
area including
Thornton^s Gore is 28,490 a-
This Gore is bounded
E. by ungranted lands, and N.
cres.
W.
by Lincoln.
set
river
flows
Pemigewasthrough
this
town from north to south. The^
main road from Lancaster to
Plymouth
passes
throagh
ThGrnton,,
There are here 2
religious societies and 1 meeting-house, in which Rev. E.
Esterbrook was the first ordained minister.
j.G.
borough county, was incorporated in 1768, and contains 941
bounded N. by
inhabitants
Greenfield, E. by Lyndeborough and Wilton, S. by NewIpswich and Mason, and W.
by Sharon and Peterborough,
Sowhegan
Rev.
1
TuFTONBOROUGH,
a
town-
county, was
incorporated in 1795, and now
contains709inhabitants; boundship in
Strafford
ed N. W. by Moultonborough,,
N. E. by Ossipee, S. E. by
Wolfeborough, and S. W. by
Winnipiseogeelake,comprising
24,390 acres.
Beach pond is on the line of
this town, about 250 rods long
and 100 wide. Hale pond ^nd
Linious
pond
are also in
town the latter
ter Harbour bay.
*.
Near
ity
is
near
this
Win-
the southwest extremof this town, Melvin's riv-
�GAZETTEER OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE.
1202
passing from Moultonborough, falls into the Winnipiseogee pond. There is here a
baptist, methodist, and congreThere are 2
gational society.
saw-mills and 2 grist-mills in
er,
this place.
U.
Umbagog Lake. The upper part of this lake is in the
District of Maine, and only a
small part is in this state,inthe
towns of Errol and Cambridge.
On the eastern line of NewHampshire it is 2700 rods
It extends into Errol
long.
about 300 rods, and about the
same distance
AFrom
into
northeast to southwest
whole length
•"its
Cambridge.
about 20
is
In some places
miles.
it
is
10 miles wide, and in others
Its
not more than 100 rods.
outlet is on its westerly side in
the town of Errol, and its waters
flow
into
Margallaway
river.
Unity,
a township in Ches-
hire county,
was incorporated
and
in 1810,it contain-
in 1764,
bounded
ed 1044 inhabitants
N.by Claremont and Newport,
E. by Goshen, S» by Lempsier and Acworth, and W. by
Charleston, comprising 24,446
The line which sepaacres.
rates this town from Acworth,
crosses Cold pond^ leaving about 150 acres of it in Unity.
Perry's mountain lies in the
southwest part of the tcwn.
Little Sugar river rises near
this mountain, and a branch of
;
Sugar
river in the easterly part
of the town. The 2d N. H.
turnpike passes through this
place to Claremont, and also a
very direct road from Goshen
to Charleston.
There is here
a society of baptists and another ofmethodists ; each of them
has a meeting-house.
There
are in this town 2 grain-mills,
5 saw-mills, 1 clothing-mill,
and
1
distillery.
W.
Wakefield, a township ia
Strafford county, lying on the
eastern border of the state. It
was incorporated
now
in 1774, and
contains 1166 inhabitants;
bounded N. W. by Effingham
and Ossipee, E.by the District
of Maine, S. E'. by Milton,
and W. by Brook field and
Middleton.
LoveWs
pond
is the largest in this town, and
on its northeast side.
It
700 rods long and 275 wide.
lies
is
Province pond is about 450
rods long and 400 wide. Pir^/e
River pond is about 100 rods
long and 100 wide.
There
are several others of a smaller
size.
The principal branch of
Piscataqua river has its source
in this town, (see Salmon river.)
The soil of this place is generally good, but it is more favourable for mowing and grazing than for tillage. There is
here a baptist and a congregationalist
society.
Rev. Asa
minister in the
place, was ordained in 1785.
There is here a meeting-house,
a cotton factory, a carding-maPiper, the
first
�GAZETTEER OP NEW-HAMPSHIRE
chine,
5
grain-mills,
mills,
3
fulling-mills,
handsome
village
sawand a
3
containing
several stores.
LovelPs pond in this town
derived its name from Capt.
John Lovell of Dunstable,
who, in the year 1725, being
on a scouting expedition in
this quarter, with a company
of 40 men, attacked by night
a party of Indians, whom they
found encamped by the side of
pond.
Lovell and his
a
companions surprised the enemy, who were eleven in number, and by his
dexterous
movements destroyed the whole
party.
203
bridge in this town at Bellows'
falls and another about 375
rods above Bellows' ferry.
turnpike from Charleston to
Keene, and another from Walpole upper bridge to Ktene,
pass through this town.
Cold
river falls into the Connecticut
a little below Fall mountain.
There is in this town only 1
A
religious society and 1 meeting-house.
The first settled
minister here was the Rev.
Leavitt, and the present pastor is the Rev. P.
Dickerson. There are here 4
grist-mills, 6 saw-mills, 2 fulling-mills, 1 cotton factory, and
2 carding-machines.
Robert Macklin, a remarkable instance of longevity, died
in Wakefield in 1787, at the
age of 115.
He was
born in
Scotland, and lived several
years in Portsmouth in the ocfie frecupation of a baker,
quently walked from Ports-
mouth
to Boston (66 miles,)
one day and returned in
This journey he
another.
performed at the age of 80.
in
Walpole,
a
township
in
Cheshire county, was incorporated in 1752, and now con?tains 1894 inhabitants ; bounded N. by Langdon, E. by Alstead and Surry, S. by Westmoreland, and W. by the western bank of Connecticut river.
Its area is 24,301 acres.
In the northwest part of the
town is Fall mountairiy extending from Charleston about 550
rods to Bellows' falls, and about
250 rods beyond. There is a
Warner, a township in
Hillsborough county, was incorporated in 1774, and inlSlO,
contained 1838 inhabitants
;
bounded N.
W.
by Sutton,
Kearsarge Gore, and Salisbury,
N. E. by Boscawen, S. E. .by
Hopkinton and Henniker, and
S. W. by Bradford and Sutton,
comprising an area of 27,571
acres.
This town was formerly calAlmsbury
and Warner
river ^ which passes through it
led
;
was called Almsbury river.
This river is the central branch
of the Contoocook, and a large
number of streams fall into it
as it passes through this town
and through a part of Bosca-
wen
into Hopkinton.
There are here 3 religious
societies and 2 meeting-houses.
Rev. W^illiam Kelly was
ordained in this town in 1772,
and died in 1813. The present
�GAZETTEER OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE.
9P4
ministers aretbeRev. J.Woods
and Elder E. Wilmarth. There
are in this phice 7 grain-mills,
11 saw-mills, 2 clothing-mills,
2 carding-machines, and 5
No
stores.
town
in the state
has better grazing land than
Warner.
comprising an area of
30,760 acres, 1,550 of whirh
are water.
There are here no
less than 20 ponds.
Through
the centre of this town, a ridge
of mountains extends from N.
to S. on the summit of which a
branch of the Contoocook has
its source.
branch of the
Ashuelot rises in a pond in the
N.part of the town nea.r Sunapee
mountain.
The Croydon and
2d N. H. turnpikes meet near
the meeting-house in this place.
Washington was formerly called Campden. There are here
ster,
A
Location,
Warner's
in
Coos county, is bounded N.
by ungranted lands and Mount
Royse, E. by the District of
Maine, and S. by Chatham and
it contains
ungranted lands
stream which
2000 acres.
empties into Cold River pond
passes over the easterly side
:
A
of this location.
Warren, in
Grafton county,
was incorporated in 1763, and
inhabitants
506
contains
bounded N. by Coventry, E.
by Peeling and Ellsworth, S.
by Wentworth, and W. by
;
Piermont, comprising an area
of 27,720 acres. The westerly branch ot Biker's river flows
through Warren from Moosehillock mountain, and a large
part of Carres mountain lies in
the eastern part of the town,
and over its southeast extremity the
There
Coos turnpike
here
3 saw-mills,
is
1
passes.
grain-mill and
3
religious
Leslie was settled here in 1779,
and Rev. C. Page is the present pastor.
There are in
Washington 2 grain-mills, 3
saw-mills, 1 clothing-mill, 1
carding-machine, 2 distilleries, 2 oil-mills, and 3 trading
stores.
Wearz, a township in Hillsborough county, was incorpolated in 1764, and now contains 2630 inhabitants ; bounded N. bj' Hopkinton and Henniker, E. by Dunbarton and
Goffstown, S. by New-Boston,
and W. by Deering and Francestown, comprising an area of
33,648 acres.
A
Washington,
Cheshire
incorporated in
in
county, was
1776, and contains 820 inhabitants
;
bounded N. by Go-
shen, E. by Bradford and
Hillsl^orough, S. by Stoddard,
and
and 1
Rev. George
societies
meeting-house.
W. by Marlow and Lemp*-
principal branch of Piscataquog river passes through
Near the centre of
this town.
Weare is Mount William. Rev.
Amos Wood was ordained
here in 1789, and was succeeded by Rev. John Cayford.
Elders H. Buzzel and S. To-
�CAZETTHER OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE.
and S. Streeter
(an universalist) at present officiate in this town.
There are here 5 religious
societies and 3 meeting-houses,
7 grain-mills, 8 saw-mills, 3
hie (pabtists,)
clothing-mills,
1
cotton-facto-
tist,
was the
first
2QS
settled minis-
ter in this town.
Wentworth,
in
Grafton
county, was incorporated in
1766, and contains 645 inhabit-
bounded N. E. by Warby Rumney, S. W.
by Dorchester,- and N. W. by
ants
;
ry,
4 carding-machines, 2 distilleries, 1 oil-mill, and 5 trad-
ren, S. E.
ing stores.
Orford, comprising an area of
22,522 acres. The north and
south branches of Baker's river unite in this town, and Pond
brook, flowing from a small
pond on the line of Orford,
falls into the northern branch.
In the N. E. part of the town
is a
part of Carres mountain.
At Aiktn's bridge, which is
thrown over the north branch
of Baker's river there is a
small vilkge, containing 10 or
12 houses. Sec. There is in this
Wendell, a township in
Cheshire county, formerly called Saville, was incorporated
in 1781, and contains 447 inIt is bounded N.
habitants.
by Springfield, E. by Sunapee
lake, which separates it from
New-London and Fishersfield
in Hillsborough county, S. by
Goshen, and W. by Croydon
and Newport, comprising 15,
666 acres, 2,860 of which are
water.
About 2,720 acres of
Sunapee pond are in this town,
and form a noble sheet of wa-
Here is the principal
Fr»m
source of Sugar rwer.
ter.
,
the southern extremity of the
pond in Fishersfield to the N.
W. point of the north bay the
This is
distance is 7 miles.
the length of the pond from N.
There are three small
to S.
ponds here containing 140 aThe outlet of Sunapee
eres.
pond IS little more than 2 miles
south of the centre of the town.
The whole pond contains
4,095 acres. Sugar river flowing from it has a westerly
course into Newport.
There
are in Wendell 3 corn-mills, 4
saw-mills, and
Elder N.
clothing mill.
Woodward, a bap1
town
1
mills,
mttrt'ng-house, 4 gr:nn5 saw-mills, 1 fulling-
mill, a
carding-machine, and a
distillery.
West River Mountain.
(See Chesterfield.)
Westmoreland
lies
on
Connecticut river in the north
part of Cheshire county.
It
was incorporated in 1752, and
contains
1,937 inhabitants
bounded N. by Walpole, E. by
Surry and Keene, S. by Chesterfield, and W. by Connecticut river, which separates it
from Putney in Vermont. Its
area is 22,446 acres.
There
are here 5 religious societies
and 3 meeting-houses, 2 of
them for baptists and the oth-
�GAZETTEKU OF NEW-IIAMPSIIIKE.
206
erfor congregationalists.
Rev.
W. Goddard
was
The
the
first
minister of the place. Elders
Bailey and Pratt have betn his
successors, '^oth oi whom still
officiate. Tiicre is in this town
a pleasant village, 5 grainmills, 6 saw-mills, 2 clothingmills, an oil-mill, 2 distilleries,
and 4 trading stores.
Wheelwright's Pond
the
the
N.
part of
is
in
Lee and forms
source of Oyster river.
This pond is memovable for
fought
the battle which was
near it in 1690, between a
scouting party of Indians and
two companies oi rangers under Capts. Floyd and Wiswall,
the engagement lasted 2 hours.
Wiswall, his lieutenant, sergeant, and 12 men were killed
and several were wounded.
Floyd continued the fight, till
his men, wearied and wounded, drew off and forced him to
The enemy
follow.
treated,
the
also re-
Avithout carrying
wounded of our
off
party.
Whitefield, an
irregular
part of
Coos county, containing by the
inhabitants;
last census 51
township
in the S.
bounded N.
W. by
W.
Dalton and
Lancaster, E. by Jefferson, S.
by Bretton Woods, and S. W.
by Bethlehem in Grafton county, comprising 20,800 acres.
part of Round pond and several others lie in this town, from
each of which John's river re-
A
ceives a tributary stream as
it
Dalton. The main
road from Plymouth to Lan-
passes to
caster passes over the west part
of the town. From the N.W.
extremity of Whitefield
to
Connecticut river the distance
is about 4 miles.
White Mountains. These
mountains were first explored
by Walter Neal and some others
1631,
in
who
described
them as a ridge extending a
hundred leagues, on which
snow lay the whole year. They
visited them with the hope of
finding precious stones, and
having picked up something
like crystal, this was sufficient
to give the ridge the name of
Crystal
hills.
Belknap,
Dr.
(the historian of
New-Hamp-
shire) describes
these
tains in the following
mounmanner;
The White mountaimt are
the
most elevated part of a ridge,
which extends N.E. and S.W.
an immense distance.
The
area of their base is an irregular figure, the whole circuit of
which is not less than 60 miles.
The number of summits within this area cannot be ascertained at present, the country
thick
ai-ound them being a
wilderness the greatest number can be seen at once from
Jefferson on the N. W. side.
;
Here seven summits appear at
view, of which four are
one
bald.
Of these, the
est are the
three high-
most distant, being
on the eastern side of the cluster, one of these is the moun-
which makes so majestic
an appearance all along the
shore of the eastern counties
It has lateof Massachusetts.
tain,
�207
GAZETTEER OF NBW-HAMPSHIRE.
iy received the
name
of
Having
Mount
surmounted
the
Washington, To arrive at the
foot of the mountain there is a
continual ascent of 12 miles
from the plain of Pigwacket,
upper and steepest
which brings the
traveller to
moss and bearing the appear-
the height of land between the
ance of a pasture in the beginIn some openning of winter.
Saco and Amcriscoggin
At
rivers.
this height, there is a level,
about a mile square, part of
which is now a meadow and
was formerly a beaver pond,
having a dam at each end.
.Here,, though elevated more
than 3000 feet above the level
of the sea, the traveller finds
On
himself in a deep valley.
the east is a steep mountain
out of which issues several
springs of clear water, one of
which is the source of Ellis
river, (a southern branch of
the Saco) another is the fountain of
Peabody river (a northAmcriscog-
ern branch of the
gin.)
From
this
meadow
ward
the west there
interrupted ascent in
between two
to-
an una ridge
is
gullies,
to
the
summit of Mount Washington*
The
eastern
side
of
the
mountain rises in an angle of
45 degrees, and requires 6 or 7"
hours of hard labour to ascend
Many of the precipices
are so bald, as to oblige the
traveller to use his hands as
it.
well as his feet, and to hold
by the trees, Avhich diminish in
size till they are mere shrubs
and bushes ; above these are
low vines bearing red and blue
The uppermost vegberries.
etation is a species of winter
grass, mixed with the moss of
rocks.
there
is
plain.
precipice,
a large area called the
dry heath, com-
It is a
posed of rocks covered with
ings between the rocks, there
are springs of water, in others
dry gravel. Here the grous
or heath birds resort and are
The
generally out of danger.
Sugar-loaf which stands on
apyramidnlheap of
grey rocks, which in some plac-
this plainis
formed like winding
This pinnacle has been
ascended in an hour and a half.
The traveller having gained
the summit, is recompensed for
his toil, if the sky be serene
with a most noble and exes
are
steps.
tensive prospect.
E. side, there is a
On
the S.
view of the
Atlantic ocean, the nearest
part of which is 65 miles disOn the
tant on a direct line.
W. and N. the prospect is
bounded by the high lands,
which separate the waters of
the Ameriscoggin and Connecticut rivers from those of
Lake Champlain and the St.
Lawrence. On the S. it extends to the southernmost moun"
tains of New-Hampshire, comprehending a view of Lake
Winnipiseogee. On every side
of these mountains, are long
winding gullies, beginning at
the precipices below the plain,
and deepening in the descent.
In the winter the snow lodges in
these gullies and being driven by
the
N.W.^nd N.E. winds from
�GAZETTEER OP NEW-HAMPSmRE.
208
the top, is deepest in those on
It is obthe southerly side.
served to lie longer in the
spring on the S. than on the N.
W.
side.
During nine or ten months,
these mountains exhibit more
or less of that bright appearance, which gives them the apIn the
pellation of -white.
spring, when the snow is partly
dissolved, they have a pale
blue complexion, approaching
a sky colour, while at the distance of eight miles, they have
the proper colour of rocks.
These changes are observed
only by
constant
people, who live in
view of them, and
and observabe concluded,
that the whiteness of them is
wholly caused by the snow.
In the western pass of these
a remarkable
mountains is
from these
tions,
it
facts
may
pass called the notch^ the narrowest part of which is but 22
feet wide, between two perpendicular rocks.
From the height above, a
brook descends and meanders
when
two hunters
passed
through it. It is now part of
a road to Coos and Canada.
This gap lies from Portsmouth N. 20° W. 90 miles
on a direct line, and from
Concord 4° E. 70 miles.
These mountains are in lat15' N. ; and the line
itude 44
of perpetual congelation in that
latitude, as deduced from observations made in Europe, is
7,872 feet above the level of
<>
the sea.
From the greater
coldness
of American latitudes, this point in them must
short of the above estimate.
altitude therefore of the
White mountains cannot be supposed more than 7,800 feet
above the 1< vel of the sea.
These mountains are surroundfall
The
ed by settled towns, except
about 8 miles on the east side
between Adams and Shelburne.
Mount Washington is 82 miles
on a direct line from Ports-
mouth N. 17° W. and from
Portland N. 55° W. and from
Boston 120 miles N. 3° W.
The
following
additional
through a meadow, which was
formerly a beaver pond. It is
surrounded by rocks, which on
one side are perpendicular and
on the other rise in an angle
of 45 degrees, forming a strik-
particulars are extracted
It is
ingly picturesque scene.
about 40 rods through this gap
and tht;n the land resumes its
level appearance.
from
tific
This
defile
was known
to
the Indians, who formerly led
their captives through it to
Canada, but it was forgotten
or neglected
till
the year X77\^
account published in the
Medical Journal, by a party of
gentlemen from Boston, who
an
visited these mountains injuly,
1816, for the purpose of scienobservation.
" In the United States, exclusive, or possibly inclusive,
of Louisiana, the highest point
or ridge of land is undoubtedly
that of the White mountains
in New-Hampshire. From the
earliest settlement of the country these
mountains have
at-
�GAZETTEER OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE.
tracted the notice of the inhab-
and of mariners along
the coast, by the distance at
which they are visible, and the
whiteness of their appearance
during three quarters of the
year.
They were for a long
itants,
time the subject of fabulous representations the Indians had
a superstitious dread of them,
;
and travellers who occasionalascended their summits, re-
ly
turned with exaggerated reports
of the difficulty and distance,
as well as of the strange productions found on the more
elevated parts of their surface.
" The earliest account of an
ascent of the White mountains
is given in Gov. Winthrop's
Journal, and appears to have
taken place in the year 1642.
This account is somewhat curious, if not otherwise, at least
for
its
antiquity.*
*"One Darby Field, an Irishman,
living about Piscat, being' accompanied with two Indians, went lo the top
of the White Hill. He made his journey in eighteen days. His relation at
it was about 160
miles from Saco, that after 40 miles
travel, he did for the most part ascend ;
and within 12 miles of the top, was
neither tree nor grass, but low savins,
which they went upon the top of sometimes, but a continual ascent upon
rocks, on a ridge between two vallies
filled With snow, out of which came
two branches of the Saco river, whicli
met at the foot of the hill where was
an Indian town of some 200 people.
Some of them accompanied him within
8 miles of the top, but durst go no further, telling him that no Indian ever
dared to go higher, and that he would
die if he went.
So they staid there
till his return, and his two Indians
his return was, that
took courage by his example and went
with him. They went divefs times
27
209
" Within the last 40 years
White mountains have
been repeatedly ascended by
different exploring parties, and
the
several accounts of their pro-
ductions and phenomena have
been published. The object of
this paper is to detail such observations as were made by a
party from Boston, who visitthrough the thick clouds for a good
space, and within 4 miles of the top,
they had no clouds but very cold.
By
the way among the rocks, there were
two ponds, one a blackish water, and
the other reddish. The top of all was
plain, about 60 feet square.
On the
north side was such aprecipice as they
could scarcely discern 'he bottom.
They had neither cloud nor wind on
the top, and moderate iieat.
All the
country about him seemed a level, except here and there a hill rising above
the rest, and far beneath them. He
saw to the north, a great water wliich
he ju(dged to be 100 miles broad, but
could see no land beyond it. The sea
by Saco seemed as if it hud been within 20 miles.
He saw also a sea to the
eastward whicli he judg'ed to be tlie
gulph of Canada he saw some great
waters in parts to the westward,which
he judged to be'tlie great lake Canada
He found there
river comes out of.
much Muscovy glass, they could rive
out pieces 40 feet long, and 7 or 8
When hje came back to the
broad.
Indians, he found them drying themselves by the fire, for they had a great
tempest of wind and rain. About a
month after, he went again with five or
six of his company, then they had some
wind on the top, and some clouds above
tliem, which hid the sun. They brought
some stones which they supposed had
been diamonds, but they were most
;
chrystal."
Winthrop''s Journal, p. 247" The relation of Darby Field, may
be considered as in the main cor>ect,
reasonable deductions
after making
for the distance, the length of the
Muscovy glass, and the quantity' of water in view, which it may be suspected has not been seen by any visitoi"
since his time."
�GAZETTEER OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE.
210
ed them
the beginning
in
of
" Thtse mountains are situated in lat. aliout 44° 15' N.and
long. 71° 20' W. from Greenwich. They are distant about
150 miles from Boston. Their
Indian name according to Dr.
B; Iknap, w*s Agiocochook.
" Our approach to them was
made from ihe northwest, com-
mencing
at the
town of Lan-
caster, a village situated on the
Connecticut river,25miles from
their
From
base.
this
town
a road has been cut, passing
through a gap of the mountains
to Portland, and constituting
the principal outlet of the Coos
country. This road takes the
course of the Israel's river, a
Connenicur,
branch of the
Pliny
the
passing between
mountains on the left and the
Pondcherry mountain on the
right.
Tne
village of
Lancas-
situated in a valley surrounded in several directions
by very elevated ridges of land.
ter
is
A
number of the summits in
sight of this place could not be
estimated
at less
than
3000
height, judging from
the experience we had acquired of several hills of known
altitude on the road, and the
accounts given by the inhabitfeet in
ants of the time necessary for
their ascent and descent.
**
The road from Lancaster
passes through
J-.fF
rson, (for-
Dartmouth) Bretton
Woods, and Nash and Saw-
merly
yer's locations, to the notch of
T'lis road in
the mountains.
course runs over the foot of
Its
the
lies
July, 1816.
Pondcherry mountain. It
for most of the way
through thick woods but rarely enlivened with the
appearance of cultivation.
At Playstead's house, 13 miles Jrom
their base we had a fair view
of the White Hills. They presented the appearance of a continued waving range of summits, of
which
it
was
to select the highest.
difficult
At Rose-
brooks, 4i miles from the
notch, the view of them was
very distinct and satisfactory.
could now clearly discern
the character of the summits,
five or six of which were entirely bald and presented the
appearance of a grey and ragged mass of stones towering
above the woods, with which
the sides and base were clothed.
In several places we observed a broad continued stripe
descending the mountain and
having the appearance of a regular road cut through the trees
and rocks from near the base
to the summit of the mountain.
On examining these with a telescope they were found to be
channels of streams, and in
several, the water could be
seen dashing down the rocks.
We
" Between Rosebrooks and
the notch is a plain, or rather
a swamp, the waters of which
pass off in different directions,
partly to the Amonoosuck, a
branch of the Connecticut, and
partly by an opposite course
After cl-ossing
to the Saco.
several brooks running towards
the former, we came to another stream, the water of
�GAZETTEEtt OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE,
which was so sluggish that it
required some time to become
satisfied that it was actually
flowing in the opposite direction.
This stream has its origin in a pond of one or two
acres, situated near the road,
and hiving no other inlet
or outlet.
This pond appears
to be the prinrcipal source of
the Saco river.
" The waters of this stream
being collected from several
sources proceed directly toward the side of the mountain.
At
the point where to
al)
ap-
pearance they must be intercepted in their courst-, there
occurs one of the most extraordinar)' features of the pb'.ce,
well known by the name of the
notch.
The whole mountain,
which otherwise forms a continued range, is here cloven
down
quite to
its
base, afford-
ing a free opening to the vv>^ters of the S ico, which pass off
with a gradual descent toward
the sea.
This gup is so narrow that space has with difficulty been obtained for the
road, which follows the course
of the Saco through the Hoich
In one place the
eastward.
river disappears, being lost in
the caves and crevices of the
rocks, and under the shelves
of the adjoining precipice, at
length reappearing at the distance of some rods below. The
notch gradually widens into a
long narrow valley, in the lower part of which is situated
the town of Bartlett.
"There is no part of the mountain more calculated to excite
211
and wonder than the
scenery of this natural gap.
The crags and precipices on
both sides rise at an angle of
great steepness, forming a support or basement for the lofty
and irregultr ridges above.
One of the most picturesque
interest
objects in our view
was
a ciiff
presenting a perpendicular face
of great height and crowned at
its inaccessible summit with a
profusion of floweringshrubs.*
For mnny miles below the
commenrement of the notch
the eye meets on both sides a
succession of steep and precipitous mountains, rising to the
height of some thousands of
feet, and utterly
inaccessii)le
from the valley below. The
sid( s of these mountains conin
some parts of bald
rock, streaked or variegated
by the trickling of water, in
others they are covered with
trees and shrubs.
The occasional torrents formed by the
freshets in the spring have in
many places swept away the
stones and trees from their
course, for a great distance,
and left the vestiges of their
way in a wide path or gully over naked rocks.
" In some instances the fire
had run over the sides of the
mountain, destroying the vegetation and leaving- the dead
trunks of the trees standing
like stubble in a field, and presenting a singular appearance
of desolation for some miles in
sist
*
Rhodora Canadensis,
Tune 20th.
in full flower
�GAZETTEER OF NEW-HAMPSHIJIE.
*2V2
Several brooks, the
of the Saco, fall
down the abrupt declivities,
forming a succession of beautiful cascades in sight of the
road.
were told that the
wind sweep-b through the notch
with great violence.
ttt times
The lightning is said to strike
frequently in the mountains
from the clouds about their
sides, and the sound of the
thunder in this place is represented as unusually loud and
severe.
The report of a musket discharged in the notch,
was followed by a long echo,
reverberated for some time
from both sides of the mounextent.
tributaries
We
tain.
" The White Hills have been
ascended by
from
various
routes,
their different sides.
The
course which is usually considered as attended with the
least difficulties,
commences
is
that which
at the plain of
Pigwacket, at present the town of
Conway,and follows the course
of Ellis river, a northern
branch of the Saco, having its
origin high in the mountain.
" The place of leaving the
road, to follow the track of
this stream is in the town of
Adams about 20 miles from
the summit of the highest part
pf the mountain.
Of this distance seven or eight miles ma)'
be rode over on horseback,
the rest must be performed on
foot.
After leaving the borders of cultivation, our course
lay through thick woods, on a
level or with a gentle ascent,
not much encumbered with an
under growth of bushes, for
six miles.
The walking was
tolerably good, except the cir-
cumstance of being obliged
once or twice to ford the
streams. Our encampment for
the night, was made at the
mouth of New river, a principal branch of the Ellis.
This
river takes its name from the
recency of
happened
its
origin,
which
October, 1775.
At this time, during a great
flood, that took place in consequence of heavy rains, a
large body of waters, which
had formerly descended by
other channels, found their
way over the eastern brink of
the mountains, and ftll down
toward the Ellis, carrying the
rocks and trees before them in
their course, and inundating
in
the adjacent country.
freshet the banks
By
this
of the Saco
were overflowed, cattle were
drowned, and fields of corn
were swept away and destroyed.
New
Since that period, the
river has remained a con-
and at the place
descends the last precipice, forms a splendid cascade
of 100 feet in height.
" From this encampment,
stant stream,
where
it
which was -seven miles from
of the mountain, >ve
proceeded- the next day, (July
2,) two or three miles by the
side of Ellis river, on a gradthe top
ual ascent, occasionally encumbered by the trunks of fallen
trees.
now left the Ellis,
for one of its principal branches, called Cutler's river, lead-
We
ing directly towards the princi-
�GAZETTEER OF NEW-HAM PSHmE.
summit. After climbing
by the side of this stream for
pal
a considerable
trees of the
distance,
forest
the
around us
began to diminish in height,
and we found ourselves at the
second zone or region of the
This region is enmoutitain.
tirely covered with a thick low
growth of evergrecHS, principally the black spruce, and silver fir, which risf to about the
height of a man's head, and
put out numerous, strong, horizontal branches, which are
closely interwoven
with
other, and surround the
each
moun-
tain with a formidable hedge a
quarter of a mile in thickness.
This zone of evergreens, has
always constituted one of the
most serious
difficulties in
the
White Hills. The
passage through them is now
ascent of the
much
facilitated
by
a path cut
by the direction of Col. Gibbs,
who ascended the mountain
some years
since.
*'On emerging from this thicket, the barometer stood at 25,
93, giving our elevation above
the sea, at 4,443 feet.
were now above all woods, and
at the foot of what is called
the bald part of the mountain.
It rose before us with a steepness surpassing that of any
We
213
half a mile, which must be
performed by cautiously stepping from one rock to another,
as they present themselves like
irregular stairs, winding on the
broken surface of the moi^n-
In the interstices of these
rocks were occasional patches
of dwarfish fir and spruce, and
beautiful tufts of small alpine
shrubs, then in full flower.
tain.
" Having surmounted this
we found ourselves on
This like the
a second plain.
first, was covered with withered grass, and a few tufts of
height
flowers.
Its continuity
is in-
by several declivities, one of which we descended to our left, to reach a brook
that crosses it here, from the
There remained
rocks above.
now to be ascended only the
terrupted
principal peak, the one desig-
nated in Winthrop's Journal,
the name of the Sugar-loaj\
and in Belknap's New-Hampshire, by the name of Mount
Waskington. This we accomplished in half an hour, by
climbing the ridge to the north
of it, and walking on this ridge
by
quarter of a mile,
summit.
" If the traveller could be
transported at once to the top
of this mountain, from the
country below, he would no
doubt be astonished and delighted at the magnitude of his
elevation, at the extent and variety of the surrounding sceaery, and above all, by the huge
and desolate pile of rocks, ex-
and began to climb upon the
There was here a conside.
tinued and laborious asceBt of
tending to a great distance in
every direction beneath him,
and appearing to insulate him
ground we
had passed, and
presented to view a huge,
dreary irregular pile of dark
naked rocks.
"We crossed a plain or gentle
slope, of a
to the
�214
GAZETTEKR OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE.
the rest of the world. But
the length and fatigue of the
approach, the time occupied in
the ascent, the gradual manner
in which the prospect has been
unfolding itself, are circumstances which leave less novelty to be enjoyed at the summit,
than at first view of the subject, would be expected.
"The day of our visit was uncommonly fine, yet the atmosphere was hazy, and our view
of remote objects, was very indistinct.
The Moosehillock,
one of the highest mountains
of New-Hampshire, situated in
Coventry, near the Connecticut, was visible on the south.
The Kearsarge, Double-headed mountains, and several othfroiti
ers
east.
were
in
full
view
at the
The coimtry around
in
almost every direction, is uneven and mountainous. Its
appearance is described by
Josselyn, in his *' Rarities of
New-England," published in
1672, wlio says that the country beyond the mountains to
the northward, " is daunting
terrible, being full of rocky
mole hills in a
and clothed with inthick woods."*
hills, as
thick as
meadow
finite
;
* " Messrs. J. W. and F. Boott, who
have Visited the mriuntains since, and
found the atmosphere very clear on
the suinmit at half past 7 A. M. have
favoured me with the following- bear-
" Our anticipations were not
realized, in regard to several
we had been
taught to expect at the summit.
The state of the air was
mild and temperate, so that the
over coats which we carried up
in expectation of extreme cold,
were left at the foot of the last
ascent. The thermometer stood
phenomena,
at 57, F;ihr.
on the summit
12 o'clock, and on
day
at
same
the
Conway, 25 miles dison the plain below, it was
at
tant,
The snow lay in patchof an acre in extent upon
the sides, but appeared to be
rapidly dissolving.
were
not conscious of any material
alteration in the density of the
atmosphere, as neither sound
nor respiration were perceptibly impeded.
Instead of an
absence from these barrt*n regions, of animal and vegetable
life ; we found a multitude of
insects, buzzing around
the
highest rocks ; every stone was
at 80.
es
We
covered with lichens, and some
plants
were
in flower
in
crevices, within a few feet
the summit.
"
the
of
The
ascent from our enat the mouth of
New river, including stops,
had employed us six hours and
campment
—
6. S.
long hill
having an eminence at each extremit}-,
Vermont, W. by S. a little S
Sebago
luke S.E. ^ E' McMillans Tnn.Conway,
The second highest
S. by E. ^ E.
summit of the White hills N.N.E.byE.
This summit is separated from the one
called Mount Washington, by a gulph
opening eastwardly. It is very lofty,
falling but little below a horizontal
line obtained by a level on the former
aaid by the guide to be the highest in
place.
ings of objects in sight.
The sea, supposed near Portland S.E. by E. Lake
Winnipseogee
W.— A
—
—
�«AZETTEER OP NEW-HAMPSHIRE.
The
a half.
summit
descent from the
same
to the
place, oc-
We
cupied about five hours.
on the mountain our names
left
and the date, inclosed in a
and cemented to the
bottle,
highest rock.*
" Height of the White Moun-
The
tains.
great distance at
which these mountains are visible, and the apparent length of
their ascent, have led to estimates of their height considerexctedihg the probable
The Rev. Dr. Cutler,
truth.
who twice visited them, and
observabarometrical
took
tions computes the height in
round numbers, at 10,000 feet
above the level of the sea. Dr.
Belknap, in his history of
New-Hampshire, i? persuaded,
that this computation is too
Kioderate, and that subsequent
ably
calculations
will
mtke
the
height even greater. Mr. Bowditch has published in the
transactions of the American
Academy, a logarithmic calculation founded on the barom-
observed by Dr. Cutand Professor Peck, in
1804, which gives them an el-
eter, as
ler
evation of 7,055.
" Capt. Partridge, an engineer in the United States' serv* Parce, viator,
ciiifuhnina parcent.
Hoc
fragile
monumentum
Lemuel Shaw,
Nathaniel Tucker,
Jacob Bigelow,
Franciscus C. Gray,
Franciscus Boott,
Bostonieiises
Die
Julii 2do.
A. D. 1816,
Monte Agiocochook »uperat»,
hie reli^ueri^it.
ice, visited the
21§
mountain some
years since, and took barometrical observations on several
of the principal peaks.
His
observations now in possession
of Professor Farrar at the
University, give to the highest
summit an elevation of
only 6103 feet.
"
A
mountain barometer, of
Engleficld's construction, carried by Mr. Gray of our party,
stood on the summit at noon
at 24, 23 ; the accompanying
thermometer being at 57. At
the
same day
at
Cambridge,
the barometer stood at 29, 95,
and the thermometer at 76.
This diffv-^rence of the barome-
making the necessary corrections for temperature,
and variation in the surface of
the cistern, would give, according to Sir H. C. Englefield's formula, a difference of
6230 feet in the altitude of the
two places.
logarithmic
calculation was made, from
ter, afttr
A
same data, by Professor
which resulted in a
diffrrence of 6194 feet.
This
number being added to 3 1 feet,
the height of Cambridge above
the sea, will give 6225 feet,
which may be assumed as the
prob<ible height of the White
the
F.irrar,
Hills, above the waters of the
ocean.
" In favour of the correctness
of the observations on which
computation
is founded, "it
be observed, that the barometer employed was of the
this
may
most approved and modern
guarded a-
canstrMction,, being
�GAZETTEER OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE.
216
gainst accidents with an express view to its use in expeditions
of
this
sort
j
that
it
went and returned without injury ; and at the end of the
journey agreed with other instruments at the University,
precisely as it had done before
its removal.
" In confirmation of the present estimate, it may also be observed, that a geometrical ad-
measurement, taken by Dr.
Shattuck, and others from the
plain in front of Rosebrook's
house, gave to the summit an
elevation of 4620 feet above
This being added
that place.
to 1648,the barometrical height
of Rosebrook's above the sea,
will give a total of
43
differing only
6268 feet,
from our
feet
estimate.
*'
W.Maclure,Esq. author of
geological
the
map
of
the
United States, informs me,that
from two geometrical admeasurements made some years
since on the eastern and western sides of the mountain, he
arrived at results nearly similar."
WiLT0H,a township in Hillsborough county, was incorporated in 1762,and contains 101
bounded N. by
inhabitants
;
Lyndeborough, E. by Milford,
S. by Mason, and W.by Temple
:
TViis
al
er,
its
is 15,820 acres.
watered by sever-
area
town
is
branches of Sowhegan rivwkich unite near its easter-
which Rev.
Livermore was ordained in
1763, and removed in 1777.
Rev. A. Fisk was ordained in
1778, and Rev. T. Bedee, the
present p.lstor, in 1803. There
are here 4 grain- mills, 4 sawmills, 2 carding-machines, and
gationalists, over
J.
2 trading stores.
WiLMOT, a township in
Hillsborough county, was incorporated in 1807, and con298 inhabitants bounded
by Springfield, N.E.by
Danbury, New-Chester, and
Andover, S. E. by Kearsarge
Gore, and S. W. by Sutton and
tains
N.
;
W.
New-London, comprising
14,
780 acres.
This town was in 1807, set
and
off from New-London
Kearsarge Gore. A branch of
Blackwater river has its source
in this town and flows through
There are here several
it.
mills.
Winchester lies in the S.
\y. part of Cheshire county
it
was incorporated in 1753,
and contains 1478 inhabitants;
bounded N. by Chesterfield
and Swanzey, E. by Swanzey
and Richmond, S. by Warwick,
(Mass.) and W. by Hinsdale,
comprising 33,534 acres, 600
of which arc water.
In Winchester is Humphreys'*
pond^ 200 rods long and 80
Ashuelot river, in its
wide.
passage through this town, receives Roaring brook and sev-
ly exiremity.
eral other streams."
There is here 1 meetinghouse and 1 society of congre-
N. H. and
The
6th
the Ashuelot turn-
pikes pass through Winchester.
�GAZETTEER OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE.
There are
in this
houses.
was
place 3 re-
and 2 meeting-
ligious societies
M. Lawrence
Rev.
settled here in
Rev. E. Conant
1764, and
containing each 50 or 60 acres.
turnpike crosses the northern extremity of
the town.
The 2d N. H.
There
in 1788.
4
grain-mills, 9 sawmills, 3 clothing-mills, 1 card-
are here
WiNNIPISEOGEE
1
and 2
distilleries,
Windham,
cotton factory,
in
stores.
Rockingham
county, was incorporated in
1741, and contains 742 inhabi-
bounded N, by LondonNew-Salem, S.
by Pelham,and W. by Nottingham West and Londonderry
tants
;
derry, E. by
:
One
area is 15,744 acres.
half of Policy p07id Vies in this
town, and the other half in
Salem ; it is 420 rods long and
its
140 wide ; Cabbo pond 600
rods long and 100 wide H'lteMitchells
litey
Golden^ and
ponds anxl other smaller ones
Beaver rivare in this town.
er forms the western boundary
The Londonof Windham.
derry turnpike crosses the eastern extremity of the town.
There is here 1 meeting-house,
in which the Rev.
Johnson was ordained in 1760.
Rev. J. Kinkeed, S. Williams,
and the present minister Rev.
S. Harris, have succeeded him.
;
There are in this place several
mills and stores.
in
Hillsborough
13
largest
Its
breadth
is
very une-
qual, but in no place more than
8 miles. Some very long points
of land project into this lake,
and jt contains several islands.
The
surrounding
mountains
give rise to many streams which
flow into it.
From the S. E.
extremity of this lake called
Merry -Meeting bay^ to its N.
W. point called Centreharbor,
there is good navigation in the
summer and a good road in the
winter, which is much travelled by the people of the adjacent towns.
The lake is froz-
en about 3 months in the year.
Trout are caught here weighing from 5 to 25 lb.
Cusk
are also caught here. The waters of this lake are about 470
feet higher than the tide waters of
Dover
river.
WiNNIPISEOGEE RiVER
is
the stream through which the
waters of the above lake flow
into
sues
arm
Windsor,
LaKE
body of water in
New-Hampshire,
being 22
miles in length from S.E. toN.
the
W.
ing-machine,
2
2ir
Merrimack
river.
It is-
from
the southwestern
of the lake at a place
which
remarkable for the
fish caught there.
It then opens into Long bay
between Meredith and Gilford,
thence through a lesser bay to
is
coimty, contains
number of
are here several small ponds,
Meredith bridge, thence between Gilmanton and Sanborn-
238 inhabitants, and is bounded W. by
Cheshire county, N. by Hillsborough, and S. by Antrim,
comprising S^^\i5 acres. There
�GAZETTEER OP NEW-HAMPSHlRK.
218
ton into Sanbornton bay, which
is about 7 miles long and 3 wide.
This river dividtrs Sanbornton
from Giimanton, and flows between Sanborn ion and North-
Pcmigewasset river,
The whole distance from the lake to this
junction with the PemigewasIt is in
set river is 20 miles.
field
to
(which see.)
contemplation
to cut a
from the lake
to
canal
Merrimack,
the waters of the lake being
about232 feet higher than those
of the Merrimack, and about
438 feet higher than those of
Charles river, where the Middlesex canal empties into it.
It cannot be doubted that these
would
canals
benefit the sur-
rounding country by
facilitat-
ing the transportation of its
productions and enhancing the
value of its lands.
WiNNicoNETT (commonly
called
Winnkot)
a large
swamp
river, rises in
in
Hampton,
and after a northerly course
through a part of Stratham into Greenland, it meets the tidewaters about 200 feet from the
Great bay.
by Ossipee, S.E. by Brookfield
and Ntw-Durham, and S. W.
by Alton and lake Winnipiseogee, containing 28,600 acres,
400 of which are water. Smith'*
pond^ 1050 rods long and 556
wide, in the southeast part of
the town, discharges
its waters
westerly through Crooked river into the lake.
There are
here several other large ponds,
viz. Crooked^ RusVs^ EastorCs^
and Sargeant's ponds.
At a
Smithes bridge
place called
there is a smxU village containing several mills, stores, &",.
Rev. E. Allen, a congrega-
tionalist,
and Elder Townsend,
a baptist, were the first ordained ministers in this town. They^
were both ordained on the 25th
of October, 1792.
Ehler
Townsend
There are
is
still
in this
in
office.
town 2 meet-
ing-houses, 8 school-houses, 4
grain-mills,
4 saw-mills, X
clothing-mill, and 1 cardingfamily of the
a chine.
name of Blake were the first
m
A
who moved
county, was incorporated in
1770, and in 1810, tontaint-d
into this town. Mr.
Blake and wife are still living.
At the foot of a hill which
stands on the bank of one of the
pcmds in this town, there is a
spring strongly impregnated
with a mineral substance which
said to give the water a
is
bounded N.
1376 inhabitants
W. by Moultonborough, N.E.
quality similar to those of the
j.G.o.
Saratoga springs.
WoLFEBORO,UGH,inStrafford
;
�PART
III.
Topographical and Statistical tables alphabetically ahrangkd
shewing
THE COUnSE AITD DISTAJfCE O^ A DIRECT LINE FROTI PoRTSMOCTH, CoNCOIlD, BoSTO]v, AND Portland.
Also, the NtnMBER of miles bt TiiK hoads commonly
THATEILED— NCMBER OF NeAT CaTTLE AND HORSKS TO WHICH 19 AKDED THE
PROPORTION FOR TaXES IN 1775, AND 1812 NUMBER OF INHABITANTS IN 1775
Towns having a Post-Office number or miles to the city of Washington AND Topographical Remarks.
;
—
—
;
;
TABLE
Shewing the Course and Distance on a direct line from Portsalso, the number of milks by the roads commonly
TRAVELLED ToWNB HAVING A PosT-OfFICE AND THE NUMBER OF INHABITANTS
I.
mouth AND Concord
;
;
iN 1775.
Course and Dis
;
�Course and Distance
from Concord.
Course and Distance from
Portsmouth.
Column
i
Concord
Concord
Conway
Cornibh
Coventry
Croydon
Dalton
Danbury
Deerfield
Droving
DixviUe
Dorchester
Dover
Dublin
Coos
121 N. 14 \V 160
Rocking.
40 N.72fW.| 45
Grafton
94 N. 52" W. 145
65 N. 13 W. 75
Strafford
80 N. 67 W. 105
Cheshire
85 N. 38 W. 120
Grafton
73 N. 67 W. 90
Cheshire
98 N. 25 W. 140
Coos
62 N. 58 W. 75
Grafton
25 N. 78 W. 30
Rocking.
Hiilsboro' 53 N. 38 W. 70
12; N. 9 W. 180
"oos
(5 raft on
75 N. 49 W. 92
Su-afiord
9 N. 41 W. 12
65 S. 82 n'. 80
f'shire
.
Dummer
Dunbarton
flillsboro'
Dunstable
do.
Durand
Coos
Durham
Strufford
R,)ck'ng.
East -Kingston
Eaton
Effingham
Eli worth
StraflTord
do.
Grafton
Enfield
do.
Epping
Rocking.
Hp_£om
Errol
Exeter
Farmington
Fishersfield
FhzvviUiam
Francestown
Franconia
Gilford
Gilmanton
Gilsum
GofFstown
Goshen
Gosport
Grafton
Greenfield
Greenland
Groton
Hampstead
Hampton
Hampton Falls
Hancock
Hanover
Haverhill
Hawke
Hebron
Henniker
Hillsborough
Hinsdale
Holderness
Hollis
Hopkinton
jaflrey
do.
107
41
N
11 V/. 150
N. 85 W.
42
S.
9l
9
16
N. 14 W.
50
64
130
W,
10
6<J
N. 63
51
57 !n. 17
47 :N. 16
74.
to
16
30
\\
W 22
W 70
W 53
N. 40 W 84
60 W 86
85 W 20
70 W. 32
6A W 180
:S.
113
Coos
11
5G W.
Rocking.
26 N. 37 W.
St rafford
Hdlsboro' 63 N. 75
72 S. 75 W.
Cheshire
Hiilsboro' 52 S. 87 W.
85 N. 29 W.
Grafton
45 ;N. 49 W.
Strafford
40 JN. 50 W.
do.
74
Cheshire
W.
ri.Usboro' 39 S. 87 W.
67 N. 75 W.
Cheshire
W
14
35
80
90
68
145
56
50
105
50
87
10*
8u
70
5^
90
30
14
16
10
S. E.
67 N. 59 W.
Hiilsboro' 54 S. 87 W.
4.1
Rocking.
S. 56
70 N. 48
Grafton
24 S. 60 W.
Rocking.
lU S. 25
do.
12 S. 33^ W.
do.
Hillshoro' 60 S. 87 W. 77
80 N-. 56 W. 98
Grafton
90 N. 40 AV 102
do.
193 S. 65 W. 25
Rocking
6,' N.
85
Grafton
49
61
WiUsboro' 54 >f. 78
58 N. 8?
80
do.
80 S. SOW 120
Cheshire
60 N. 40
75
Grafton
58
Hiilsboro' 45 S. 64
60
46 NT.
do.
65 S. 78 W.J 80
Cheshire
RockmgGrafton
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
77W
107
4
N.
E
68
9 W. 100
56
25 E. 76
34
64
60
57
14
70
34
62 W. 44
76 N. 3 W. 130
25
34 W. 30
15
64 E. 20
18
57 W. 25
110
8 E. 170
42
27
49
.)3
84 E., 40
34
52 W. 50
95
lO E. 140
9
20 W. 10
33
5 E. 42
77
9 E. 130
31
78 E. 34
34
52 E. 42
49
25 E 75
43
35 E. 60
45
12 W. 59
36
44
44
26
62 E. 32
!0
78 E, 12
104
12 E 170
34
60 E 43
25
68 E. 40
23 In 77 W. 40
43 Is. 46 W. 60
43 W. 28
3 W. 100
20 E. 30
80 E 2d
73 W. 60
18
S.
79 W. 42
70 E. 51
38^ W. 36
43 W. 40
69 E. 45
23 VV. 45
38 E. 39
60 E 51
57 E 50
56 W. 36
40 W. 55
19 W. 70
47 E. 33
40
19
16
78
30
78
62 W. 75
3 W, 45
40
5
7
78
36 S. 46 W-l 52
W
W
W
I
W
,
.
.
W
W
W
W
W
�Course and Distance from
Portsmouth.
Town*.
�Course and Distance from
�TABLE
11.
SaEVriHOTHZI^UWEBEROF MltES BY THE ROADS COWMOXLT TRATELLED, AND COURSE
AND DISTANCE, ON A DtRECT LINE FROM BOSTON AND PORTLAND, TO THE CENTRE OF EACH Township in New-Hampshire. Also the distance to theCitt
OF Washington bt the Roads,— And Topographical Remarks.
—
Course and Distance from
Boston.
Towns.
Bearings.
Counliej.
W ~'.
W 144
W 9o
N
W 68
N 50 W 95
N 5 W 98
N 39 W 48
N 24 W 86
N 43 W 75
N 7W
Strafford
65
7 W 80
do.
50 N 1 E
ll4 V 2 W
Coos
18 W 150
Grafton
128
Hdlsboro' 43 N 30 W 50
128 V 11 w 180
Grafton
24 W 70
HiUsboro'
N 37 W 58
do.
54 V23 W 68
Rocking
N 37 W 80
HiUsboro'
Rocking. 4u N 3 E 50
13UiN 7W 170
Coos
Grafton
90JN 19 W 95
N
Strafford
93
781
N 50 W 47
HiUsboro'
Strafford 106jN 4 W
150
N 2J2
Coos
Grafton 100|N 14 W 115
98!n 27 W 108
do.
Rucking. 46:N 13 W 55
69 N 17 W 75
do.
96iN 13 W 1J5
Strafford
116'N
E 57
Coos
87'N'47 W 105
Cheshire
Acwortli
N
Cheshiie
Adams
Coos
Grafton
Rocking
Alexandria
AUenstown
Alstead
Alton
Amherst
Andover
Antrim
Atkmson
Bariistead
Harrington
Bartlett
V
M
2
13
16
4ij
NT
7i
14<J
Bath
Bedford
Bethlehem
Boscawen
Boston,
118
88
53
Cheshire
78
72
Straff ird
Hillsboro' 42
do.
79
do.
63
Rocking. 3l>
New
Bow
Bradford
Brentwood
Bretton Woods
Bridgewater
Brookfield
Brookline
Burton
Cambridge
Campton
Canaan
Candia
Canterbury
Centreharbor
Chatham
Charleston
Chester
Chesterfield
Chichester
Claremont
Colebrook
Columbia
N"
6'
NT
5;.
7i'
38.
12-2
1
W
48
Rocking. 42|N 16
771 N 62 ^^
90
Cheshire
85
Rocking. 60JN 15
IN 40 AV 100
90
Cheshire
168:N 5
i\5
Coos
164 N 5
212
do.
W
W
W
�Course and Distance frorn
Boston.
Concord
Concord
Rocking. 60
Grafton
128
Conway
Strafford
Cornish
Coventry
Croydon
Cheshire
Grafton
Cheshire
Dalton
Coos
Danbury
Grafton
Deerfield
Deering
Rocking-,
Hilisboro'
Dixville
Coos
Dorchester
Grafton
N
107
95
N
118 N
89 N
137 N
39 VV
18
36
10 \V
25
W
W
N
U
N 10 W
60 N 39 W
167 NlSiW
103 N 32 W
86
51
53
60
151
Dover
StraiTbrd
Dublin
Cheshire
Dummer
Coos
Dunbarton
HiUsboro' 54
Dunstable
N22\V
X 15 W
do.
135
Durand
Coos
Durham
Epsoni
Coos
Exeter
Rocking-.
Strafford
10
53
E
W
NlSiW
N 27'
N 39W
N
3 VV
49
Strafford
35
Rocking-.
Strafford 100
do.
90
107
Grafton
95
do.
44
Rocking-.
57
do.
Errol
N
N
East-Kingston
Eaton
Effingham
Ellsworth
Enfield
Epping
Farming-ton
Fishersfield
HiUsboro
FitzwiUiam
Francestown
Franconia
Cheshire
Gilford
158
40
66
76
Strafford
do.
HiUsboro
59
55
Greenhmd
124
80
73
73
Cheshire
HiUsboro' 49
80
Cheshire
Rocking. 45
81
Grift on
HilLsboro' 55
44
Rfick.ng.
Gi'oton
Gri.l"ton
Hamp.stead
Rocking.
Ilanipron
37
36
HiUsboro' 6G
10-i
Grafton
122
do.
Rocking. 36
95
Grufuni
HiUsboro' 65
67
do.
77
Cheshire
94
Grafton
HiUsboro' 35
d«.
63
Cheshire
57
!35!X
Coos
G ilmanton
GiUum
Goirstown
G.'sr.en
Gosport
Graft on
Giet-nfield
Han.pton Falls
Hancock
Hanover
Havt-rluU
Hi-wke
Hebron
Henniker
Hillsboiough
Hinsdale
Hoidern^ss
Holhs
Hopkinton
Jaflrey
JtSei'.soit
Grafton
9
3
do.
do.
G \V
�Course and Distance from
Boston.
Course and Distance
from Portland.
Counties.
Keene
Cheshire
Kearsarge Gore
HiUsboro 75
Rocking.
36
Goos
13
Rocking. 36
Coos
142
Grafton
12
Kensing-ton
Kilkenny
Kingston
Lancaster
LandafF
Langdon
Lebanon
Lee
Lempster
Cheshire
Grafton
Strafford
71
N 56
N
N
N
N
N
N
V
N
Litchfield
Littl(-ton
Londonderry
9
5
2
7
IS
50
30
W
\\
E
W
E
\\
W
\\
W
49 N 2 E
80 N 42 W
101
Cheshire
Grafton
117 N
HiUsboro' 35 N
Grafton
135 N
Rocking.
35 N
Lincoln
29
13 VV
30
w
i2 \\
W
20
do.
Loudon
64!N 16 \\ 82
Grafton
165
Lyman
132|n 17
Lyme
do.
971 N 26 VV 126
Lyndeborough
HiUsboro' 48iN 43
58
Madbury
Strafford
52:n 8 E 67
Manchester
HUlsboro' 43iN 23 \\ 4S
64iN 57 \V 76
Marlborough
Cheshire
Marlow
do.
77|n 47 Vv 95
50
Mason
HiUsboro' 42 N 58
195
Maynesborough Coos
140! N 2
Strafford
Meredith
85jN 14 \V 93
HiUsboro' 38N34
40
Merrimack
N
Strafford
88 421S 75
Middleton
73|
Hillsboi'o' 411 N
Milford
4H 90 S 58 VV
70iN 2 E 85 4ols 49 VV
Strafford
Milton
158iN l^W 200 87, N 34
Coos
MiUsiield
120 59 S 85
Mou Itonborough Straff.rd 93; N 8
HUlsboro' 45IN 39 \V 52 87 S 55
Mount-Vernon
44;S 31 W^
Rocking.
47' N 22 E 60
New-Castle
75!S 83
Grafton
84' N 23 \V 90
New-Chester
85 47!S 60 VV
Strafford
71|N 2
New-Durham
110 94'S 86 VV
93N 33
New-Gran tham Grafton
88 N 17
110 69;S 88 VV
Strafford
New-Hampton
Rocking. 48;N 14* E 57 49;S 37
Newington
HiUsboro 46;n 34
New-Ipswich
55 102i» 55
82lN 31
New-London
do.
90 88 S 80 \V
Rocking. 44'N 8 E 58 55jS 42
Newmarket
85:x 37 ^^ 100 97 S 80
Cheshire
Newport
31'N 2 E 40 67iS 37
Rocking.
Newtown
73IN 18
do.
Northfield
79 68 S 77
40^iN 16 E 55 54 S 33^\V
Northampton
do.
l47iN 6 VV 195 87l N
iJorthuraberland Coos
56;n 6^\V 66 58 S 58
Northwood
Rocking.
60 568 50
49|N 2
Nottingham
do.
35 83i S
Nottingham West HUlsboro' 30|n 34
105' 81
Grafton
Orange
94] N 24
do.
112 N 24 VV 126i 901n 34 VV
Orford
47|n 85 VV
Strafford
Ossipee
88; N 2 VV 104
do.
Ossijjee Gore
96;N 1 VV 1181 45, N 75 VV
Cheshire
Packersfield*
65, N 50 r,' 80 103jS 65 \V
Coos
Paulsburgh
145JN 1 VV 195' 75"^ 40
113 IN 15 VV 120 76:n 72 VV
Grafton
Peeling
82 S 41 VV
Rocking.
Pelham
26 iN 27 V/ 3.-.
56 IN 19
Pembroke
59i 68,S 62 VV
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
V
W
'
Ngw
Nelson.
29
Con. river
Con. river
120
120
125
54
96
58
On Mer.
150
130
110
riv.
Mass.
line
Vmm.
river
Winnipis.
8ij
r.
100
On Mer. riv.
50
100 548
60 585 Sal. river
HO
700
65 620
128 552
66 60 An Inland
lUl 590 On Pem. riv.60 585
155 610
7i 630 Pem. river
557 Pis. i-iver
6.;;
1S3 555 Mass. line
132 590
58 Exeter river
60
138 600
86 540 Mass. line
112 579 Mer. river
70 555 Sea
118 695 On Con. riv.
70 5§6
70 560
110 535 Mer. river
129 605
120 626 Con. river
50 604
4o 618
185 580
110 695|On Aram.
8«. o20 On Pem.riv.
96 5331 Mass. line
90 559jOn Mer. riv.
(
�Course an
�TABLE
III.
An
Alvhabetical Tabli! of the Tow^ss in each Countt of New-Hampshire
OF PoLLS, PUOPORTION OF TaXES IN 1775 AND 1812, NUMBER OF Horses over four years old, number of neat Cattle over two
TEARS OLD, NUMBER OF ACBES OF OrCHAUD ^AtSO, THE NUMBER OF ShIEP AS
VAK AS THEX have BEEN OBTAINED.
WITH TUB JTUMBKR
—
County of
Rockingham.
�Coimty of
�County of
Hillsborou(rh
--.9
Towns.
Dunstable
Fishei-sfield
Francestown
GofFstown
Greenfield
Hennilcer
Hillsboroueh
Hollis
Hopkmton
Hancock
Kearsar_^e Gore
Litchfield
Lyndeborough
Manchester
Mason
Merrimack
Mil ford
Mount- Vernon
New-Boston
New-Ipsvvich
New-London
Nottingham West
Peterborongh
Salisbury
Sharon
297
253
372
198
19
74,
185
107
170
182
182
162
257
241
123
190
288
310
61
Society Lantl
Sutton
Temple
Warner
Weare
Windsor
Wilmot
175
102
248
305
166
307
'
Wilton
28
218
139
307
'456
49
69
173
County of
Cheshire.
Acworth
Dempster
Marlborough
268
292
265
364
378
291
151
219
338
100
97
139
239
303
107
162
205
Marlow
105
Alstead
Charleston
Chesterfield
Claremont
Cornish
Croydon
Dublin
Fitzwilliam
Gilsum
Goshen
Hinsdale
Jaffrey
Keene
Langdon
�County of
�County of
�����*«u
�������
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Books, Booklets, Ledgers, & Diaries
Digital File
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
1817 Gazetteer Of The State Of New Hampshire
Description
An account of the resource
The 1817 Gazetteer of the state of New Hampshire gives accounts of the counties and towns in New Hampshire from the period. It also describes principal features such as mountains, lakes, rivers, capes, bays, harbors, islands, and resorts or notable places. Notable business and persons are also described. Information on Farmington, NH is located on page 131.
This is a digital file and does not exist in the physical collection.
RKL-FHS
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
by Eliphalet Merrill
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
C. Norris &Co, Exeter, NH
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1817
Date Created
Date of creation of the resource.
1817
business
Farmington NH
information
people
places
records
Strafford County
-
https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/12165/archive/files/99e97096c70a5ce8cf12b71328aa89e8.pdf?Expires=1712793600&Signature=wQRGTFkRL%7EVgsLNRohNprCrQOW3Iaqzrh8J2Thnbx2Ijmq4jI3IKRzo4zxOp5BIOqYX%7EQOrM3S8sg4rEOuZcEXupaxIQyyxIb28LLKoZ-2ezpY3oltVbCGrMZ3kEg56xia11v%7En8Ub24OC8buhXlxzQCnuA4aDOBdtBYRPIvNZJhBmFlbfVpHD6eiEoRsInjj4AkMrt9Ylu8uVVIiGR4OpSRQJ4gC3n47awyoCdYjzIJ40T3Q1vi-8wSI2jmGDRGFDVMffRp19IR8nMC1Cb2qAYKZ%7ECcLo0NVNZwiB-vRqUX16iHby2eleGje6Xq9RYjW7htkxXFNn2kKu8nVGZtag__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM
3773e37945b6dc89520b4c046a62450c
PDF Text
Text
W E L C O M E to
PUDDLEDOCK
F A R M I N G T O N N.H
�INTRODUCTION
HERE I S YOUR COPY OF A CONCISE, PERTINENT, EASILY READ
xlEFERSNCE V/ITH INTE.ffi3TING INFORMATION ABOUT ONE OF NEW HAMPSHIRES
FINEST CaiMUNITIES
FARMINGTON.
THIS PAMPHLET HAS BEEN PREPARED BY THE FARMINGTON HIGH SCHOOL
M^ESH-IAN CIVICS CLASSES, UNDER THE DIRECTION OF THEIR INSTRUCTOR,
MR.
THOMAS J . WATMAN. THIS PAMPHLET WAS
FIRST PUBLISHED IN
I961
BY THE SAME GROUP IN A MIMEOGRAPHED VERSION, ENTITLED "YOUR'Ta^/N".
THIS PAI-IPHLET WAS
N.
PRIOTED BY FCoTKR'S PRESS OF FARI-IINGTON,
Since i t s settlement i n 1770 by English c o l o n i s t s , Farmington, formerly c a l l e d Puddledock, has been known f o r i t s
f r i e n d l y atmosphere. I n t h i s pictufesque town of four thousand
persons one can f i n d contentment, b e a u t i f u l scenery, and grand
old homes of another e r a .
Nestled i n a vailley between two l o v e l y r i d g e s , t h i s peacef u l t o ^ s h i p was formed from the expanses of land between Lacon i a and Dover, O r i g i n a l l y the northwest sector of Rochester,
Farmington gained i t s freedom i n 1798, f i f t e e n years a f t e r i t
petitioned for t h i s
right.
Located about midway between the ocean and the l a k e and
mountain regions, Puddledoctc serves as a passageway from both
the north and the south to these scenic wonders.
H.
Farmington has had i t s share of great men, too, Heniy
Wilson, Vice-President under Ulyssess S. Grant, was be -n here
i n 1812.
Martin Luther Hayes, f i r s t of New Hampshire's t r u l y
s u c c e s s f u l shoe i n d u s t r i a l i s t s , was bom here i n l837 and Henry
C l i n t o n F a l l and Raymond P e a l , both noted s c i e n t i s t s originated
from t h i s v i l l a g e ,
Puddledock does not l a c k f o r c u l t u r a l enlightenment.
The
H i s t o r i c a l Society, D.A.R., C.A.R., the f a c i l i t i e s of the Goodwin Memorial L i b r a r y and the e x h i b i t s of the S c h u l l e r Museum of
Medieval Armor provide e x c e l l e n t opportunities f o r c u l t u r a l
advancement. Siammer theatres'are i n near reach as are the f a c i l
i t i e s of the U n i v e r s i t y of New Hampshire.
Farmington's schools and teachers are among the best i n the
s t a t e . The newly b u i l t high school i s t r u l y one of the best i n
the area and the Burtman-Rondeau Gymnasium one of the f i n e s t i n
the Seacoast area.
PRINTED BY THE FOSTER PRESS, FARMINGTON, N.
H.
Municipal Farmington a f f a i r s are directed by a board of
three selectmenj while the schools, using the eight year-four
year system, are under the power of the three man school board.
Jictters concerning the entire town, such as municipal and school
budgets are taken care of i n the most democratic way, through
-1-
�town meetings, vjhere a l l c i t i z e n s may p a r t i c i p a t e i n the running
of the town.
Puddledock's f i n e water i s taken from a r t e s i a n wells that
service the e n t i r e town. The town also runs the Pine Grove
Cemetary, the sewage system, snow removal, road maintenance, and
refuge disposal systems.
A volunteer f i r e department ably keeps a l l loses by f i r e to
a minimum and an a l e r t p o l i c e force protects the c i t i z e n s i n t e r ests and property.
A f i n e , healthy atmosphere, b e a u t i f u l scenery, e x c e l l e n t
job opportunities, high q u a l i t y schools, many f r i e n d l y s o c i a l
organizations, good r e c r e a t i o n a l f a c i l i t i e s are found i n and
around our town of Farmington. What more could a'person want
and f i n d i n such a pleasing package.
-2-
�GOVERNMENTAL SECTION
T W OFFICERS
ON
SELECTMEN:
C a r r o l l Kimball
1963
—755-2293
Clifford Tattrie—196U755-6691
Frank Lord
1965
755-6391
TREASURER:
RufUs Randlett
1963755-8571
T W CLERK:
ON
Bertha P e l l e t i e r 1963
755-8861
T W TAX COLLECTOR
ON
Bertha P e l l e t i e r — 1 9 6 3
HEALTH OFFICER:
Carl Ganney
1963
ROAD AGENT:
Clifton Cilley
1963
REPRESENTATIVES TO THE STATE LEGISLATURE
Robert Drew1963
George Oilman
1963
POLICE DEPARTMENT
Chief of Police
Carl Worster
1963—
Assistant Chief of Police
Joseph Vachon
^ 16
—9 3
755-8861
755-6322
—755-8301
—755-81i71
755-2283
755-2231
755-U621
755-2865
MODERATOR:
Eugene Nute
AUDITORS:
Arthur Webster
Barbara Jenness
TRUSTEES OF TRUST FUNDS:
Robert Hunt
Francis Ifooney
James Thayer
POSTMASTER
Carl Blanchard
—^—>_755^621
^^-4
755-2222
_
FIRE CHIEF
Marshall Gibbs
QIGINEERS
Marshall Gibbs
C a r l WorSter
Melvin Eaton
•
—755-2222
�GOVERNMENTAL SECTION
GOVERNMENTAL SECTION
SCHOOL DISTRICT:
MimicIPAL COURT:
Presiding Justicej Eugene Nute
Meets:
Friday Nights
Where:
Court Roran—Police Station—Town Hall
Time:
7:00 ?J^.
LIBRARY:
Librarian: Mrs. Kathleen Deliver
Hours: Afternoon—
Evening
Monday 2-5
7-9
Wednesday 12-1 2-5
7-9
Friday
7-9
Saturday
2-5
7-9
School Board
-755-ii591
Meets:
Time:
Place:
1965
755-67lil
755-22U2
Alex Haskell
Roger Nutter
Beulah Thayer
196U
1963
F i r s t Tuesday of Every Month
7:00 P.M.
Farmington High School
Superintendent of Schools:
Ramon Martineau
755-9lill
High School;
P r i n c i p a l : Donald Drake-Memorial Drive-755-9311
School Nurse: Rachael Feeney
same
Athletic Director: Stanley Towle
same
POLITICAL PARTIES:
DEMOCRATIC PARTY:
City Chairman:
Telephone:
REPUBLICAN PARTY:
City Chairman:
Telephone:
Main Street School:
P r i n c i p a l : David Roberts
No. Main St.—755-608l
Robert Hoage
755-61i5l
Clifford Tattrie
755-6691
CIVIL DEFENSE:
Director: Eugene Nute
In case of a t t a c k — l i s t e n to C0NELRAD~6U0 or 121*0
on your radio d i a l .
POST OFFICE HOURS:
Windows: 8A.M.—6P.M.
Until noon on Saturday
Lobby:
Open a l l day Saturday
HOLIDAYS
January 1
February 22
April 2
May 30
July U
September k
October 12
November 11
November 23
December 25
Sew Tears Day
Washington's Birthday
Easter Sunday
Memorial Day
Independence Day
Labor Day
Columbus Day
Veterans Day
Thanksgiving
Christmas
SPACE I S PROVIDED FOR OTHHl DATES OF
IMPORTANCE TO TOU
-6-
-7-
�GOVERNMENTAL SECTION
EDITORIALS
SCHOOL DISTRICT
Sehedale o f Hlpih School Marking P e r i o d s
F i r s t termj
Second t e r a ;
Third teraj
Fourth termj
F i f t h term;
Sixth teraj
Septeniber 5- October 19
Report Cards October 26
October 22- ilbvember 30
Report Cards December 7
Deceniber 3 - January 18
Report Cards January 25
January 21 - March 8
Report Cards March 15
March 1 1 - A p r i l 19
Report Cards May 2
A p r i l 29 - June Ik
Report Cards June lU
SCHOOL HOLIDAYS
September U-Teachers
meeting
October 12-Columbus Day
October 26-NHEA Convention
November 22
to Thanksgiving
SCHOOL CALENDAR
Fall temj
starts-Sept 5
ends -Dec 20
Winter term:
starts-Jan 2
ends -Feb 15
S p r i n g term:
s t a r t s - F e b 25
ends - A p r i l 19
L a s t term:
s t a r t s - A p r i l 29
ends
iune 2 1
Deceniber 21
to Christmas
Jan 1
20
April
to Spring
28 V a c a t i o n
30 Memorial Day
May
T h i s calendar i s s u b j e c t t o changes authorized by your
School Board, S t a t e Department o f Education, o r when school
i s c a l l e d o f f because o f dangerous storms or emergencies.
The minimum l e g a l requirement i s 180 days. T h i s calendar
a l l o w s 6 days f o r emergencies.
No school n o t i f i c a t i o n w i l l be b r o a d c a s t from r e g i o n a l
radio stations.
I n presenting t h i s pamphlet we the Farmington C i v i d s
c l a s s e s , f e e l t h a t we have demonstrated what a coraraunity
e f f o r t by townspeople and students a l i k e can acconplish
when d i r e c t e d toward a common g o a l .
We would l i k e t o express our gratitude t o the many
businessmen, p r o f e s s i o n a l persons and organizations whose
i n v a l u a b l e help and f i n a n c i a l a s s i s t a n c e enabled u s t o
p u b l i s h t h i s booklet boosting Farmington.
Our s p e c i a l thanks go t o Mr, Louis F o s t e r , of F o s t e r s
P r e s s , who printed t h i s pamphlet. Without h i s aid we would
have been tinable to s u c c e s s f u l l y con^lete t h i s p r o j e c t .
We, the members o f the Freshman C i v i c s c l a s s , are
sponsoring t h i s pamphlet i n the hopes t h a t through i t the
townspeople w i l l take an even greater i n t e r e s t i n Fanaington
and the happenings of t h e i r town.
As you probably know, the main purpose of our C i v i c s
c l a s s i s t o b u i l d good c i t i z e n s h i p and t o f o s t e r a f u l l
appreciation and understsk^ding o f our government, both l o c a l ,
s t a t e , and f e d e r a l . By means of t h i s booklet we are working
toward t h i s goal i n what we f e e l i s both an i n t e r e s t i n g and
revTarding manner. We have enjoyed preparing t h i s pamphlet
and hope t h a t you w i l l f i n d i t u s e f u l i n the year ahead.
•JttKHHHHHt
A l l our r e s p o n s i M l i t i e s , both c i v i c and moral, a r e
based on one thing, the Golden Rule,
I n e l e c t i o n s we observe t h i s by r e g i s t e r i n g and voting
and by helping t o put into o f f i c e persons who w i l l run our
government i n a worthy manner.
By not being a l i t t e r b u g we keep our country b e a u t i f u l
f o r o t h e r s . By paying taxes we provide the means f o r our
c h i l d r e n to become worthy guardians of our American t r a d i t i o n s .
Above a l l , we must s e t the proper example f o r each other,
"Doing unto others as you would have them do unto you" i s a
motto which we should a l l s t r i v e to put i n t o everyday use.
-9-e-
�FARICTNGTON FIRE ALARM AND EMERGENCY SIGNALS
T e l . 755-2222
T e l . 755-2231
Fire Station
Police Department
I n s t r u c t i o n s : To blow the f i r e alarm p u l l down white door, p u l l
hook way down, and then l e t go.
5
6
l6
21
23
2k
25
26
31
32
3k
7*
35
36
kl
lil2
k2
k3
Ul3
hS
U5l
123
k6
13*
51
52
53
61
62
63
12
lU
2
22
IS^
Fire Station
Congregational Church
Library
Chestnut & C e n t r a l
Catholic Church
Perkins Ave.
High & Maple
Central & High
Pleasant & Summer
Union & Church
Spring & Memorial Dr.
Provinces
Spring, near bridge
End of Spring
Main, Edgerly Park
Orange & School
On Square, or Bank
Main & Winter
Upper North Main
So. Main, High School
Near Mooney's M i l l
Mooney's M i l l
Peavey H i l l
Pine K n o l l Section
E. Grove & Lone S t a r
Bunker & Mt. Pleasant
Lone Star & KLm
L i n c o l n & Glen
Glen & B l a i n e
Charles & West Milton Rd,
Brush F i r e
Qnergency
Strokes, A l l out
No School, 7:30 A. M.
End of Elm S t r e e t
• I n d i c a t e s No Boxes at these l o c a t i o n s ~ C a n be sounded a t s t a t i o n
*
CIVIL DEFENSE AIR RAID ALERT SIGNALS
Repeated B l a s t s on Whistle and S i r e n j
A l l Clear, 2 B l a s t s
aSGISTER TO VOTE
BE A GOOD CITIZEN = — VOTB
SUPPORT THE PARTY OF YOUR CHOICE
-11-
�ORGANIZATIONS
CHURCH DIRECTORY
American Legion
F r e d r i c k Sabine
1st & 3rd Tues. -
7:30
American Legion
Auxiliary
Leona E l l i o t
2nd & Uth Tues.
C. A. R.
Farmington F i s h and
Game Club
Nicholas Servetas
1 s t Tuesday
Club House
Mrs. F r o i d
Library
F r a n c i s Shulte
S t . Peters H a l l
Ladies A i d
Farmington & New
Durham H i s t o r i c a l
Society
E l s i e Hart
Congregational
Church
I r e n e Wentworth
1 s t F r i . or S a t .
Library
Masons
Carolyn Canney
D. A. R.
Knights of A l t a r
Farmington Womens
Club
Beulah Thayer
Friday Afternoon
Library
Dukes
500 Boys Club
Walter C. Greeley
1st Wednesday
no meetings J u l y
6 Aug.
Masonic H a l l
Odd Fellows
Moses Worster
Odd Fellows H a l l
Don Place
Eastern Star
B e m i c e Card
2nd Tuesday
Bud T h e r r i e n
l a s t Tuesday
F i r e House
Meaderboro Rd.
m Club
Extension Group
Nancy Servetas
3rd Thursday
High School
Pauline Scruton
1st Monday
Community House
Grange
Farmington Businessmens
Association
Monroe Reed
Kiwannis
G. Champagne
every other Mon.
Grange H a l l
-12-
Audrey King—Thursday—^Wagon Wheel
P i l g r i m Fellowship
Arthur Zins
Congregational
Church
RainbovT G i r l s
Mary Lord
2nd & Uth Thurs.
7 P. M. Masonic H a l l
A. P. T.
Enid D i P r i z i o
L a s t Tues, of moni
7:30 - High
School
ADVENT CHRISTIAN - Farmington - Rev. Charles D. Ransom
38 Orange S t . - 755-22li5
10:00 A. M. Sunday School 11:00 A. M. Horning Service
11:30 A. M. Junior Church 5:30 P. M. Youth Fellowship
7:00 P. M. Evening Worship Service
7:00 P. M. Wednesday Prayer Service
FARMINGTON PENTECOSTAL - Farmington - John H. Sindorf
Elm S t r e e t 9:16 A. M. Sunday School 11:00 A. M. Morning Worship
7:30 P. M. F^vening Service
7:30 P. M. Tuesday Prayer Meeting
7:30 P. M. Friday Bible Study
FIRST BAPTIST CHURCH - Farmington - Rev. Robert M. Carlen
9:U5
5:ii5
6:30
7:00
A. M. Sunday School 11:00 A. M. Morning Service
P. M. Young Peoples 7:00 P. M. Gospel Hour
P. 11. Tuesday - Men's Fellowship
P. M. Wednesday - VJomen's Fellowship
FIRST CdJGREGATIONAL - Farmington - Rev. Joseph Simone
Main S t r e e t - 755-2215
9:30 A. M. Sunday School Ages 6 through 18
11:00 A. M. S\mday School Nursery through age 5
11:00 A. M. Worship Service
6:30 P. M. P i l g r i m Fellowship
MDDLETON GOSPEL CHAPEL - Uel Gardner
Iliddleton
10:00 A. M. STinday B i b l e School
11:00 A. M. Morning Worship
7:00 P. M. Evening Gospel Service
ST. PETER'S CATHOLIC - Rev. Arthur J . Dufour,,S. T. L.
90 Central S t . — 755-2280
Sunday Masses - 8, 9:30,11
Benediction of Blessed Sacrament - Sunday 1|:00
Weekday masses at 7 A. M.
Saturday Morning Mass a t 7:30 A. M.
-13-
��BUSINESS DIRECTORY
B U S I N E S S
D I R E C T O R Y
of
FARI'-IINGTON, JiI?,"J HAJ^IPSHIRE
Within the following pages you w i l l f i n d as complete a
directory of the businessmen and women engaged i n serving the
people of Farmington as we could possibly gather. Included i n
the Directory are the names, addresses, telephone ntmbers, and
hours of the businessmen of Farmington and v i c i n i t y . 1-Jithout
the f i n a n c i a l assistance of these people t h i s pamphlet would not
have been possible, Vie c e r t a i n l y hope that you w i l l support the
future growth of Farmington-by consulting t h i s directory'whenever you do your shopping. I t should be noted that most stores
are closed on Wednesday afternoons and are open t i l l 9 P. K, on
Friday evenings. I-Jhere i n d i v i d u a l businessmen could not be
reached information was gathered from other sources. Although
we have attempted to make t h i s pamphlet as accurate as possible
we r e a l i z e the p o s s i b i l i t y of error and express our apologies
f o r any e r r o r s which may appear.
ALUMINUM WINDOWS & DOORS:
Bruce Roberts—10 S i l v e r S t . Roch. 332-1378—On G a l l
ANTIQUES:
Ridgeway Antiques—Ridge Road—On G a l l
Trading Post—Mechanic St.—755-U391
APARTMENTS:
Browning Rooms—North Main S t .
C a r l Canney—1 Charles St.—755-6322
Gray's Apartments—North Main St.—755-8583
Wilbrod L a j o i e — 1 9 Central St.—755-8381
The Schulte Apartments—18 C e n t r a l St.—755-U773,
Cornelius S u l l i v a n — 5 0 South Main St.—755-9781
Rest Awhile Inn—2U C e n t r a l S t .
ARTESIAN WELLS:
Alton R. M a s k e l l — 8 G a r f i e l d St.—755-8501—On C a l l
ASPHALT:
Mn. V i c k e r s & Sons Inc.—^Rochester Rd.—On C a l l
AUCTIONEER:
Edward Burbank—755-222U—On C a l l
George M i c h a e l s — S u n s e t V i l l a g e — R o c h e s t e r — 3 3 2 - 9 7 6 8
Adam P e r k i n s — 3 3 Winter St.—755-2228—On C a l l
BANKS:
Farmington F i r s t National B a n k — C e n t r a l S t r e e t
755-2755—9 A.M. to' 2 P.M. Friday k P.M. t o 5 P.M.
BUILDING & LOAN:
Farmington B u i l d i n g and Loan A s s o c i a t i o n
6 South Main St.—755-9291—8 A.M. to 5 P.M.
BARBER SHOPS:
Rundlett'.s Barber Shop—Main S t . — A . M . zo 6 P.M.
White's Barber Shop—Main-St.—8 A.M. to 6 P.M^
-16-
BUILDING
Harry
Bruce
Jerry
CONTRACTORS:
Knox—106 No. Main St.—755-2232—7 A.M. to h P.M.
Roberts—10 S i l v e r St.—Roch,—332-1378—On C a l l
S t e w a r t — 7 G a r f i e l d St.—755-6382—7 A.M. t o 5 P.M.
-17-
�BUSINESS DIRECTORY
BUSINESS DIRECTORY
David Q. Towle—36 C e n t r a l St.—755-6681—On C a l l
CABINET MAKERS:
Bruce Roberts—10 S i l v e r St.—Rochester—332-1378—On C a l l
J e r r y S t e w a r t — 7 G a r f i e l d S t . — 755-6382—7 A.M. t o 5 P.M.
CATTLE D E A L ^
Robert Drew—Town—755-8U71~2U Hrs. a day
Laverdiere—10 Rod Rd.—Rochester—332-1790—On C a l l
CLOTHING (CHILDRENS):
Aikenb Dry Goods—Central Sq.—755-9511—9 A.M. t o 5:30 P.M.
CLOTHING (MEN & BOIS):
J.P. Hurd S t o r e — C e n t r a l Sq.—755-9232—8:30 A.M. t o 5:30 P.M.
Wed, Forenoon
F r i . 8:30 A.M. t o
9 P.M,
CLOTHING (WOMEN & GIRLS):
Aiken's Diy Goods—Central Sq,—755-9511—9 A.M. t o 5:30 P.M.
Arlene's Dress Shiip—9 No. Main St.—9:00.';A.M. to 5:30 P.M,
Ruth's Dress S h o p — C e n t r a l S t . — 1 0 A.M. t o 5s30 P.M.
F r i . 10 A.M. t o 9:00 P.M.
COAL:
D i c k i e ' s — 8 Winter St.—755-2259—On C a l l
CONSTRUCTION WORK:
A.J. Cameron
Central St.—755-9271—8 A.M. t o 5 P.M.
Ernest Cardinal—Bamstead—776-2566—On C a l l
Baerabn E l e c t r i c — N o . Main St.—755-U752—On C a l l
C a r l I d U j e d a h l — M o u n t a i n Rd.—West Milton—755-U25U
Wii. Vickers & Sons Inc.—^Rochester Rd.—On C a l l
DAIRI BARS:
Dot's Snalijk B a r — S p r i n g S t . — U P.M. to 10 P.M.
Wagon Wheel Dairy Bar—Henry Wilson Hgwy—10 A.M. t o 10 P.M.
DAIRI PRODUCTS:
Lavedier—10 Rod Rd—Rochester—332-1709—on
call
Great Elm Farm, Inc.—RFD3, Dover N.H.—332-5085—on c a l l
R. Klein—Meaderboro Rd.-Roch.—332-1*638—on c a l l
iScruton's Dairy—Meaderboro Rd.—Roch.—332-1130—on c a l l
DOUGHNUT SHOPS AND PASTRY:
Ann's Donut Shop—Mechanic S t . — 6 am to 6 pm
Gloria Berry—(Bread) Ul* Spring St.—755-6U5U—9 am to 6 pm
S t a r Lunch—So. Main St.—Evenings
Peggy's Homemade P a s t r i e s — 1 9 Tappan St.—755-95U2—Weekdays
12-7 F r i . 9-9 Sat. 9-6
DRY GOODS:
Aiken's Dry Goods
Central Sq.—755-9511—9 am to 5:30 pm
ELECTRONIC SALES:
Brooks E l e c t r i c a l Repair
Elm St.—755-U672—on c a l l
aaerson E l e c t r i c Con?)any
No. Main St.—755-U752—on c a l l
Harvey's Home Appliances
10 Grove St.—755-8783—8 am to 5 pm
Makley's
3 Winter S t . — o n . c a l l
Maple Leaf Maintenance
30 Maple St.—755-61U1—on c a l l
Peter's
Rochester Rd.—755-9981—on c a l l days
Wilkins Gas and E l e c t r i c , I n c .
Central St.—755-2233—6:30 am to 5:30 pm
FOOTWEAR:
J.P. Hurd Store
Central Sq.—755-9232—8:30 am to 5:30 forenoon
Wed, Fri.8:30 am to 9 pm
-1819-
�BUSINESS DIRECTORY
FUNHIAL DIRECTORS:
Davenport Funeral Home—-16 Charles St.—755-8231—2!| hour
service
Peaslee Funeral Home—32 Central St.—755-8311—On C a l l
FUNERAL MONUMENTS:
Smalley, Daverio, & lyons. Inc.—755-61*91—or 332-3676—On
Call
GARBAGE COLLECTORS:
Jim R i l e y — B o x 552—Barnstead—776-2581*—On C a l l
GROCIRT STORES:
A & P—Main St.—Monday t o Wednesday 9 A.M. t o 6 P.M,
Thursday—8:30 A.M. t o 8 P.M.
F r i d a y — 8 : 3 0 A.M. t o 9 P.M.
Saturday—8:30 A.M. t o 6 P.M.
Central S t . Grocery—72 Central St.—755-2238—9 A.M. to
9 P.M.
C l i n e & Chasse—Spring St.—755-1*91*1—6 A.M. t o 11:1*5 P.M.
Eddie's V a r i e t y S t o r e — S o u t h Main S t . — 9 A.M. to 11 P.M.
F i r s t N a t i o n a l — I f e i n St.—Monday through T h u r s . — 9 A.M. to
6 P.M.—Friday—8:30 A.M. t o 9 P.M.—Saturday—8:30 A.M. to
6 P.M.
Gelinas Market—13 No. Main St.—755-8171—Monday through
Thurs. & S a t . — 8 A.M. t o 6 P.M.—Friday—8 A.M. to 9 P.M.
L a j o i e ' s Discount S t o r e — C e n t r a l S t . — 8 A.M. t o 8 P.M.
Midway Gas—Route 11—6 A.M. t o 9 P.M.
P e l l e t i e r ' s Wholesale Plus 10$g—No. Main St.—755-1*651
Monday to Wednesday—9 A.M. t o 6 P.M.
Thursday—9 A.M. t o 8 P.M.
F r i d a y — 9 A.M. t o 9 P.M.
S a t u r d a y — 9 A.M. t o 6 P.M.
Quality Market—8 Main St.—755-8321*—8 A.M. to 6 P.M.
Vamey's S t o r e — l l * No. Main St.—755-9911~Weekdays—7:30 A.>
to 9 P.M.—Sundays—9-12:30—1* P.M. t o 8 P.M.
W a l t ' s — l l * Spring St.—755-9031—7:30 A.M. to 11:00
P.M.
Wagon Wheel S t o r e — R o c h e s t e r Rd.—755-981*1—6 A.M. to 8 P.M.
BUSINESS DIRECTORY
GUNS:
Charles Gun Shop—Charles St.—755-8226—Evenings, Sat. & Sim.
HAIRDRESSmS & BEAUTY SHOPS:
Breezeway Beauty Shop—70 Central St.—755-2286—On C a l l
Hideaway S a l o n — S p r i n g St.—755-2217—On C a l l , Closed Wed.
Joan's Beauty S a l o n — l l * Bunker St.—755-1*271—On C a l l
S t e l l a ' s Beauty Salon—Main S t . — 9 A.M. t o 9 P.M.
HARDWARE & HOUSEWARE:
Farmington Gas & Appliance Co.—28 North Main St.—755-1*191
8 A.M. t o 5 P.M.
Ray F o r t i e r , Central S t . — 9 : 3 0 A.M. t o 5:30 P.M. Closed Wed.
9 A.M. t o 9 P.M. on Friday
Harvey's Home A p p l i a n c e — 1 0 Grove St.—755-8783—8 A.M.-5 P.M.
Palmer's Hardware Co. I n c . — 6 So. Main St.—755-1*51*1 7:30 A.M.
to 5:30 P.M.
Wilkins Gas & E l e c t r i c Co. I n c . — C e n t r a l St.—755-2233—
6:30 A.M. to 5:30 P.M.
INSURANCE:
Farmington Insurance Agency—6 So. Main St.—755-9291—8 A.M.
to 5 P.M.
F r a n k l i n P. L i b e r t y I n s . I n c . — M a i n St.—755-61*21
P e l l e t i e r Insurance Agency—1*2 No. Main S t . — 9 A.M. t o 5 P.M.
755-8861 or 755-8863
Frances L. F e n n e l — 1 6 So. Main St.—755-6591—9 A.M. t o 5 P.M.
JEWELRY:
Ray F o r t i e r , C e n t r a l S t . — 9 : 3 0 A.M. t o 5:30 P.M. Closed Wed.
9 A.M. t o 9 P.M. on Fridays
KENNELS:
Cocheco K e n n e l s — l l * Church St.—755-6181—On C a l l
Shady Pine Kennels—Lone S t a r Ave.—On C a l l
LANDSCAPING & SOD:
A. J . Cameron—Central St.—755-9271—8 A.M. t o 5 P.M.
-20-
-21-
�BUSINESS DIRECTORY
BUSINESS DIRECTORY
LAUNDHT:
Laundromat—Central oq,—on c a l l
C u l l e n Cleaners I n c . — 8 E l a Court—Rochester—332-2359
LIMBER AND BUILDING MATERIALS:
A.J. Cameron—Central St.—755-9271—8 am to 5 pm
Charles D i P r i z i o and Sons I n c . — R . F . D . Union—1*73-2206
or 1*73-2388—7 am to 5:30 pm
T i b b e t t s Lumber Co.—755-8511—7 am to 5:30 pm Mon.
through S a t .
LUNCH CARTS:
Jim R i l e y — B o x 552—Bamstead—755-2581*—on c a l l
^ ^ ^ ^ o l d Drug S t o r e — C e n t r a l Square—755-8711—8 A.M. to 9 P.M.
8 A.M. to 12:30 Sunday
PHOTOGRAPHY:
E a r l H. B l a k e — 5 Spring St.—755-6961—on c a l l
Uel A. Gardner—Pinecrest—755-2236—on c a l l
PLUMBING:
, ,
Maple Leaf Maintenance—30 Maple St.—755-611*1—on c a l l
Wilkins Gas & E l e c t r i c I n c . — C e n t r a l St.—755-2233
6:30 A.M,-5:30 P.M.
Walter Searles—New Durham—Bamstead
MOCCASINS:
Quoddy Moccasins—Merrymeeting L a k e — o n c a l l
MACHINIST:
Maple Leaf Maintenance—30 Maple St.—755-6ll*l~on c a l l
J.C. Sirams—Central S t . — 9 am to 5 pm
MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS AND LESSONS:
V i c ' s Organ S t u d i o — 2 8 " C e n t r a l S t . — E v e n i n g s 7 to 9
Saturday 9 am to 9 pm
N1£WS PAPER.:
The Farmington N e w s — C e n t r a l Sq,—755-2265—on c a l l
NURSERY AND SHRUBS:
L. E. Cameron's N u r s e r y — 1 5 Winter Court—755-1*781—on c a l l
PAINTING CONTRACTOR:
C. S u l l i v a n — 5 0 South Main St.—755-9781—7 am to 5 pm
PETROLEUM:
D i c k i e ' s — 8 Winter St.—755-2259—on c a l l
Gray's Petroleum—3l* No. Main St.—755-91*71—on c a l l
Harvey's Home A p p l i a n c e s — 1 0 Grove St.—755-8783—8 am to
5 pm
Lord F u e l Co,—1*2 Lone S t a r Ave.—755-6391—on c a l l
-22-
POWER EQUIPMENT:
Ripley's—Mechanic St,—755-9111—8 A.M. to 8 P.M.
PRINTING:
Foster's P r e s s — W i n t e r St.—755-9001—on c a l l
The Farmington News—Central Sq.—755-2265—on c a l l
PRODUCE:
Clara Goodwin—117 Central St.—755-8821—on c a l l
PROPANE GAS;
Rural Gas Service Inc.—Meeting Hse. H I . Rd.—755-22U1
Farmington Gas & Appliance Co.—28 No. Main St.—755-hl91
Harvey's Home Appliances—10 Grove St.—755-8793—8 A,M, to 5 P.>
REMNANT:
Bumo's Remnant S t o r e — 8 Orange St,—755-91*51—on c a l l
RESTAURANTS:
^.
,
Dot's Lunch—Route 11—New Durham-Triangle 5-1*682—6 A.M. to 9P.
K i k i ' s Restaurant—So, Main St,—755-9801—Mon. to Thurs, & Sat.
5:30 A.M. to 9 P.M.
F r i d a y — 5 : 3 0 A.M. t o 11 P.M.
23'
�BUSINESS DIRECTORY
BUSINESS DIRECTORY
Roy's Ltmcheonette—Main S t . — $ A.M. to 11 P.M.
Star Lunch—So. Main St.—Donuts—Open Nights
Wagon Wheel Restaurant—^Rochester Rd.—755-9851
Weekdays—9 A.M. to 8 P.M.—Weekends—9 A.M. to 9 P.M.
RESTAURANT SUPPLT:
W.H. Davenhall and S o n s — C e n t r a l St.—755-2262—On C a l l
SHOE SHOPS:
Imperial Shoe Co.—Soe Main St.—755-2218—7 am to I* pm
Modem Heel Co. Inc.—No. Main St.—755-6311—7 am to
3:30 pm
P&M Heel Co.—East Grove Street—755-9221
?ESTS HOMES:
miley's Rest Home—29 Union St.—755-U761—On C a l l
lOOFING:
McFarlin Roofing Co.~2 Spring St.—755-9501—On C a l l
5EPTIC TANKS:
Pence Tanks—Maple Court—755-9032—On C a l l
lERVICE STATIONS AND GAS STATIONS:
Ajax Garage—Mechanic St.—755-9111—8 A.M. to 8 P.M.
Bob's Garage—Mechanic S t . — 8 A.M. to 8 P.M.
Cardinal Service S t a t i o n — S o . Main St.—755-93ll2~8 A.M. to
8 P.M.
Cline & Chasse—Spring St.—755-1*9^1—6 A.M. to 11:1*5 P.M.
Currier's Garage--Pleasant St.—755-5U31—On C a l l
Davis Motor Mart—So. Main St.—755-9U31—On C a l l
DiPrizio«s Garage Inc.—RFD 1, Middleton—U37-2U89 7 A.M. to
5:30 P.M.
Farmington Motor Co.—26 So. Main St.—755-2291—On C a l l
Herb's Body Shop—21 Central St.—755-871*1—On C a l l
mdway Gas—Route 11—6
A.M. to 9 P.M.
Place's Esso S t a t i o n — C e n t r a l St.—755-U996—7 A.M. to 9 P.M.
Ricker«s Garage—Spring St.—755-8531—9 A.M. tb 6 P.M.
Secord's Service S t a t i o n — S o . Main St.—755-88ll—6 A.M. to
8 P.M,
Wagon Wheel Store—Rochester Rd,—755-981*1—6 A.M. to 8 P,M,
W a l t ' s — l U Spring St.—755-9031—7:30 A,M, to 11:00
P,M,
-2U-
SIGN MAKING:
Hanson's Sign Shop—Main S t . — o n c a l l
SOCIAL:
Farmington Cafe—Main S t . — 6 am to 9 pm
Farmington Country Club—Henry Wilson Hgwy.—755-1*1*91
Tom's B i l l i a r d P a r l o r — 2 9 No. Main S t . — 8 am to 9 pm
STATE LIQUOR STORE—South Main S t .
Mon.-Tues.-Wed.-Sat.—10 am to 5:30
Thurs.—10 am to 12:30 pm
Friday—10 am to 8 pm
pm
TELEVISION AND RADIO REPAIRS:
Bowden's—Glenn Court—755-1*286—on -call
Pete's TV Antennas and Rotors—RFD2-Box 35 Roch.—755-99
C a l l Days
TELEPHONE:
Union Telephone Co.
Subscribers—1100
Serves—Alton, New Durham, Farmington, Bamstead,
Gilmanton I r o n Works, and Strafford
THRIFT SHOPPE:
Ladies Aid Society—Congregational Church—Main Street
F r i d a y s — 1 0 am to 6 pm
TRANSPORTATION:
Farmington Motor Co.—26 So. Main St.—755-2291—on c a l l
Senter's Taxi—Main St.—755-9801—6 am to 9 pm—Fri.
6 am to 11 pm
Trailways Bus Co.—agent-Osgood's Pharmacy—755-8711
Woodman's Taxi Service—Main St.—755-6101—6 am to 6 pm
-25-
�BUSINESS DIRECTORY
BUSINESS DIRECTORY
LAWYERS
TRDCONG:
Leaxy'8 Trucking—776-256l--on c a l l — B a m s t e a d
Eugene Nute
So. Main S t .
755-6631
8 A.M.—5 P.M.
8 A.M.—12 on Saturdays
E r r o l l Hall
So. Main S t ,
755-6091
9 A.M.—5 P.M.
USED GOODS:
Bargain Center—20 Mechaiic S t . — 8 A.H. t o 6 P.M.
VARIETT STORE:
DOCTORS
Wilbrod U J o i o — 1 9 C e n t r a l St.—755-8381—8 iE«M. t o
Reed»8—22 Main S t . — 9 A.M, t o 5:30 P.M.
WINDOW GLEAHNES:
8
P.M.
Schulte»8—18 C e n t r a l St.—755-U773—on c a l l
WIBE BRUSHES & FLOES:
F . W. Browne C o . — S p r i n g St.—755-6271—on c a l l
WOODTURirENG:
G. F . Hooney & Sons I n c . — S o . Main
Monday throngh F r i d a y
7 A.M. t o U P.M.—Production
7 A.M. t o U:30 P.M.—Office
George E. Quinn
Central S t .
755-2275
9 A.M.—10 A.M.
1:30 P.M 3 P.M.
7 P.M 8 P.M.
No hours on Wed,
or Saturday
Robert Lord
U8 C e n t r a l S t .
755-6153
9 A.M.—10 A.M.
1:30 P.M.—U P.M.
7 P M
.
9 P.M.
No hours on
Wednesday or Saturday night
St.—755-2211
DEMTISTS
Roger H, Morrison
3 Main S t r e e t
755-U631
9 A.H.—12 A.M.
1:30 P.M.—5 P.M.
" I t i s a mighty good town t o l i v e i n e s p e c i a l l y
f o r poor f o l k s and i t may be t r u t h f u l l y added
t h a t p e o p l e of w e a l t h a l s o f i n d Farmington a
p l e a s a n t p l a c e t o r e s i d e . I t i s a c l e a n American
town o f about 4,000 i n h a b i t a n t s and i t i s a
ccamunity t h a t minds i t s own b u s i n e s s , but p a r t
of t h a t b u s i n e s s , a c c e p t e d w i t h o u t q u e s t i o n i s
t o be t h e k i n d e s t and most h e l p f u l people t o
each o t h e r c o n c e i v a b l e . . . . . . . . . .
SUPPORT THE BUSINESSMEN AND PROFESSIONAL PEOPLE OF
FARI-IINGTON
KEEP FARMINGTON CLEAN
BE A GOOD CITIZEN
From a n a r t i c l e by t h e l a t e A d e l a i d e C i l l e y Waldron
p u b l i s h e d i n 1895 i n t h e G r a n i t e Monthly
DON'T BE A LITTER BUG
-REGISTER-.
ATTEND THE CHURCH OF YOUR CHOICE AS OFTEN AS POSSIBLE
-27-
-26-
-VOTJ;
�STAFF PAGE
e d i t o r i n chief......Mary Rundlett
associate editor
Donna Secord
layout c h i e f . J a n e s
Schulte
news e d i t o r
..Cathy Mooney
a s s t . news editor.,..Sandy Rouleau
business manager
P h i l Marcoux
p u b l i c a t i o n manager
Linda Campbell
a s s t . p u b l i c a t i o n manager.Trudy G o s l i n
government e d i t o r
S a l l y Hart
business e d i t o r . , , . .
Sue lepene
p r o f e s s i o n a l e d i t o r . . . . . . . S a l l y Jensen
History editor
Bernard Nason
features editor
Sarah Guay
church e d i t o r
.Betty Gates
correspondence
Don Thurston
s o l i c i t o r s manager.........Howard Oian^agne
assembly manager...........Don P l a c e
d i s t r i b u t i o n manager.......Fred Gates
A s s i s t e d by the combined Fteshman C i v i c s c l a s s e s of
Farmington High School
Credits:
Typing: Miss Kathleen J a c k s o n , I n s t r u c t o r
T y p i s t s : Donna Downs
Dlann Smith
Nancy Mazur
Mariljm Snith
Town Map and F i r e Alarm Box L i s t i n g s :
Farmington Insurance Agency
SKETCHES:
Gary Vigue - Peter Galo - Barry E l l i o t
-28-
SPACE I S PROVIDED ON THIS PAGE FOR BOTH NOTES
YOUR OWN IMPORTANT TELEPHONE NUMBERS:
AND
��
https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/12165/archive/files/49147e6d31c32d77e42a947db3f94572.pdf?Expires=1712793600&Signature=QLZ2H8JQPHkzm4MiGaXpgf2VhKNGr22etrJnuy%7EwJVgquFu4pbiqhnAeupdxsleCYoAPjtDBGrAhgTsqXFsmxsSats4gopb4v3zHy72asSgUczT%7EkWCqqAinDsHQH2g5CwpcLoeuv9xbVDC8FtdOF9FwWqiHcm%7EzpUm%7EvuNN%7EMxPgZohVdT8AVp%7E5sqMQMZyBudeP5HVtBL7SiXfInqcbZyz%7E4usUPsoN0k2hLsxKmpqn-A0GXRCdWIw97bsV8J4c1z-YES9%7EU3WXC7DlAr-mZR05UBWi8sY40USL6hkS3u26V5cT1G3cMtCQyIS4xQLRrOLes%7E0pC3ZUm8N8vZmgw__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM
0ce11a8856c40cb0e3c1f6e083e6ccf1
PDF Text
Text
OPEN LETTER
DEAR CITIZENS:
THE FARMINGTON HIGH SCHOOL FRESHMAN CIVICS CLASS
HAS PREPARED THIS PAMPHLET THROUGH THE GENEROUSITY OF
THE BUSINESSMEN OF FARMINGTON.
WE WOULD L I K E TO PUBLICLY
THANK THEM FOR THEIR INVALUABLE HELP AND COOPERATION.
THIS PAMPHLET WAS DISTRIBUTED ON A NIGHT WELLKNOWN FOR MISCHIEF BECAUSE WE WISHED TO SHOW YOU THAT
NOT ALL TEENAGERS ARE RESPONSIBLE FOR THESE PRANKS.
INSTEAD, WE WANT TO IMPRESS UPON YOU THAT THEY CAN BE
CONSTRUCTIVE AND HELPFUL, I F THEY ARE GIVEN A CHANCE.
RATHER THAN THE USUAL KNOCK ON YOUR DOOR FOR A TRICK OR
TREAT, THESE CIVICS CLASS STUDENTS CHOSE TO SPEND THEIR
TIME THIS EVENING DELIVERING THIS BOOKLET TO YOU.
RESPECTFULLY YOURS,
THE EDITORS
�
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Documents, Papers, & Articles
Document
A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
1961 Directory of Farmington NH -Welcome to Puddledock USA
Description
An account of the resource
Directory of Farmington NH Welcome to Puddledock USA. Created by students in the mid 1960's the directory lists town, history businesses, elected officials, emergency and religious information from the period outlined. Size 6.75"x9"
FHS-RKL
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1961
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Farmington High School freshman civics classes. Instructor Thomas J. Watman. Full duty attribution list is available on page 28 of the document. Printed by Foster's Press, Farmington, NH
Date Created
Date of creation of the resource.
1961
business
directory
elders
elections
Farmington NH
information
Puddledock
schools
-
https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/12165/archive/files/5e8a3c3a93287be44f8bf1139ef81316.jpg?Expires=1712793600&Signature=GD5P4H4vWBVRRMoTZUQJ9r5U41iYhARLvVeIzpqZEH-ThH7ftLHmZpJbR8J9QNzAQ8UgJ1V%7ELAsd4ZlvClmP-Ydu-uknl2DjVGIrkFqYqbZDEYN9yEGPRoWZD2%7EoPhyEC7EvIE-VhwbXwR5PyS28i60QOuUpGB0-hbGXqi9KkOgFx7SV7HFvutehvDZ1QifwAXd9GnTU8XOIDpfdQowWlW89dwUgn4F%7E1G27IQ9Avfqa7bLIyfHGOcd%7E4K2ebsIscMwJaNdHTollE2MxLmjjdkc9fBgxEshpL-MPjL%7EGaiiqssKaPChC4WMhxChKKWtL7H5W8%7Eff0IZeMigjoiYNFg__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM
1a26e9cc80eef1507d5b21371477a98b
https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/12165/archive/files/2abb9a80efcd40cb12fb622c9d933d37.pdf?Expires=1712793600&Signature=j9uOEd182LqL--QxRkERSHvyvPlscjPLOd1hXOtCBV1RnwhYNWvHSuNzBBqdiqhl3Hdx47HKEenZWVAOnZIS9I6Rmz291SIvl4yiu6Xru7wGxIJ6XrRoQdR96o0VDAKTiyYrdWBmRUyo4tBRp95eH0m38sYwzU1mvtYFI3NdE6lPQ07p2WVIS29u5oyKtsxdnYDeOE0W6yrGcPvd7%7EQ62gFTxbg0EA7pgMVi8C9ldsqyEcqH4o9WcTFD8fM8nS%7Ej1CnBJhsIeeMuUUwCHlxkl19IQLTqOQqiFUPYkim6OByQ6fFxGweFD0u4P4dUJ4sy8tHEp95iyoRAZPg6v1xusA__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM
ef796d2834d17881acff57db5d3da2e9
PDF Text
Text
This is a reproduction of a library book that was digitized
by Google as part of an ongoing effort to preserve the
information in books and make it universally accessible.
https://books.google.com
�������NEW
A
OF
HAMPSHIRE
COLLECTION
DAUGHTERS
AND
OF PORTRAITS
RESIDENTS
REPRESENTATIVES
OF
AND
OF
THEIR
AND
THE
SEX
CONDITIONS
WOMEN.
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES
GRANITE
IN
OF
THE
STATE,
WHO
VARIOUS
LIFE.
CONCORD, N. H.:
THE NEW HAMPSHIRE PUBLISHING CO.
J. G. Uattekson, Jr., President.
ARE
WALKS
WORTHY
�H51
�PREFACE.
THIS volume was designed, in its inception, as a companion vol
ume to " New Hampshire Men," published two years since.
Its production has been effected under difficulties interfering greatly
with its completeness, chief among which is the very general and often
unconquerable aversion of woman to assent to anything which can in
anyway be interpreted as the manifestation of a desire for publicity on
her part. This aversion has not only greatly delayed the preparation
of this volume but has absolutely prevented the presentation of many
subjects that should have been among the most conspicuous in its
list.
Nevertheless, incomplete as it may be, the book presents a goodly
number of portraits and sketches of representative New Hampshire
women, at home and abroad, some of whom are the most eminent
daughters of the state, while all are worthy representatives of New
Hampshire womanhood in its best estate, whether in literature, music,
art, education, in professional, business, public, social and domestic
life, or as laborers in the broad fields of charity and benevolence.
The compilation and preparation of the volume has been in charge
of Henry H. Metcalf of Concord, who acknowledges his obligations
for material assistance to Miss Marion H. Brazier of Boston, Mrs.
Adelaide Cilley Waldron of Farmington, Miss Frances M. Abbott of
Concord, Mrs. Emma H. Cass of Bristol, Mrs. Urania E. Bowers of
Nashua and many others, who have taken a deep interest in the suc
cess of the work.
The New Hampshire Purlishing Co.
Concord, N. H., December, i, 1895.
��LIST
OF
SKETCHES
AND
PORTRAITS.
Arrott, Frances M
Alexander, Jane Grace
Aspinwall, Ada M
Atwood, Minnie Edwards
Ayers, Clara Maria Kimrali
177
199
73
Ill
205
Cole, Dr. Anna B. Taylor
Collins, Mrs. O. M
Crafts, Katherine Prescott
Currier, Mrs. Moody
Beuky, Winnifred Helen
Bingham, Hattie M. Q
Blair, Mrs. Henry W
Boody, Mary Helen .
. '
Bowers, Urania E.
.
Bradford, Mrs. Mary J
Bristol, Augusta Cooper
Brown, Emma E
Brown, Mrs. F. P
Bruce, Emily A., M. L)
Bryant, Florence Runnells
Busiel, Mrs. Ciiaki.es A
133
149
215
227
235
125
(!7
55
223
225
123
23
Dame, Harriet P
Danfortii, Mary A
Danforth, Mary S., M. D
Daniels, Harriett E
Downs, Mrs. Clara 1
Dunn, Mrs. L. M
Dyer, Mrs. Micah, Jr
Cadle, Mrs. Ruth Lamprey
Carpenter, Mrs!. George
Chandler, Mrs. William E
Cheney, Mrs. Person C
Colry, Mrs. Frederick Myron
01
18:i
43
65
77
Eastman, Maria L
Eddy, Rev. Mary Baker
Edgerly, Mrs. M. V. B
Farr, Mary Noyes
Farr, Mrs. EvartsW
Fife, Miss Mary D
Filley, Mary A. (Powers)
Flanders, Martha J., M. D.
Folsom, Mrs. Frederick K.
5
137
207
221
51
' '
83
35
15
187
189
241
87
211
99
S9
47
155
219
127
.27
195
�Foster, Miss. H. Lizzie
Fowler, Laura Wentworth
....
Miller, Ida Farr
Minot, Mrs. James
Morey, Ellen Beal
Mosheu. Frances Stewart
Moulton, L. Agnese
Gile, Mary Margaret
Greeley, Mary Isarel
Griffin, Mrs. S. G.
69
118
191
Hale, Mrs. John P
Hall, Mrs. Daniel
Hall, Francina D.
Harriman, Mrs. Walter
Harris, Hattie Mae Bai.cii
Houck, Edna Little
Howard, Ada L
Howe, Emma S
Hoyt, Fannie Packard
Hoyt, Jane Elizareth, M. 1)
Huntley, Emma Manning
41
113
249
179
159
203
29
105
101
161
91
....
Johnson, Sophia Orne
147
115
139
Larry, Evangeline
Leavitt, Mary Clement
Lirrey, Mrs. Henry C.
Locke, Mrs. Nathaniel C
Locke, Belle Marshali
Long, Hattie Bond
|(19
33
233
135
153
49
Marshall, Mhs. Annis G
McClTTCHEON, ABB1E J
McDoigall, Elizareth
McKinney, Mrs. Luther F.
105
93
95
71
....
173
143
17
217
31
193
141
21
Remich, Mrs. Daniel C
Reynolds, Mrs. Sarah S
Richards, Mrs. Dexter
RlCKER, MAR1LLA M
Rorinson, Annie D
Runnells, Mrs. Sarah E. Farley
85
Knapp, Mrs. William D
Knowi.es, Miss Ella L.
Knowlton, Mrs. Mary Frances
157
151
213
39
117
Parker, Mrs. Charles
Perkins, Mrs. A. A
Pillsrury, Margaret Sprague
Poole, Mrs. Fanny H. R
Porter, Mrs. Howard L
Prescott, Mrs. Benjamin F
Price, Mrs. Evannah S
Proctor, Edna Dean
53
163
• ,
0
Safford, Martha A. Hayes
Salvini, Mrs. Alexander
Sanrorn, Frances B
Sanrorn, Kate
Sanrorn, Mary It
Sawyer, Mrs. Charles II
Scott, Lydia A
Shaw, Mrs. E. M
Shepard, Martha Dana
.
Small. Lucy A. Ricker
Smith, Mrs. John B
Spalding, Mrs. Isaac
Stark, Elizareth Page
.
.
....
:
.
.
107
121
15
81
37
59
167
201
231
25
185
209
145
03
19
171
197
11
109
�Stearns, Mrs. Onslow .
Streeter, Li i,lian Carpenter
Thask, Clara Augusta
Tuj.loch, Mrs. Thomas L.
Tuttle, Mrs. Hlram A.
Waldron, Adelaide Cii.ley
Wallace, Mrs. Elizalleth H. A
Wason, Mrs. George A.
Wendell, Caroline B.
White, Armenia S.
Wiley, Rerecca Weeks, M. D.
Wilkinson, Emilie Grant
Wilson, Moroia Pouter
Wilson, Li ella M.
Woodworth, Mary Parker
Worthen, Augusta (Harvey)
Zerley, Mrs. John F. .
��FEW names are better known in connection with reform and phil
anthropic work than that of Armenia S. White, wife of the late
Nathaniel White, of Concord. Born in Mendon, Mass., November 1,
1 8 1 7 . of Quaker parentage, her father. John Aldrich, being of the fifth
generation from Moses Aldrich, the English Quaker preacher, who
settled in Rhode Island in the seventeenth century, while her maternal
ancestry is traced directly to Edward Doten, a Pilgrim of the Mayflower,
she removed with her parents to Boscawen, in 1830, and at the age of
nineteen married Nathaniel White, a young stageman, who through
industry, sobriety, and business sagacity, aided always by his chosen
life-companion, won success and fortune, and made the same a blessing
and a benediction to needy and oppressed humanity. Like her hus
band, she was an ardent friend of the anti-slavery cause, and their hos
pitable home welcomed the fugitive slave as freely as the most notable
personage in the land. The temperance and woman suffrage causes
she espoused with enthusiasm, and has ever labored zealously for their
success. She has long been the friend and co-worker of such women
as Lucy Stone, Julia Ward Howe, Mary A. Livermore, and Frances E.
Willard. The charitable and benevolent institutions of the state have
ever been the objects of her fostering care. Mrs. White was the first
president of the New Hampshire W. C. T. U., has been president of
the New Hampshire Woman Suffrage association since its organization,
and largely through her efforts was secured the legislation enabling
New Hampshire women to vote and hold office in connection with
school affairs. She is a member of the board of trustees of the New
Hampshire Centennial Home for the Aged, of the Orphans' Home,
Franklin, and the Mercy Home, Manchester, was active in their estab
lishment, and has been a liberal supporter of each. The Universalist
church in Concord and at iarge, and manifold charities, local and gen
eral, have ever commanded her earnest sympathy and generous aid.
MRS. NATHANIEL WHITE.
9
�«
�r
MRS. ISAAC SPALDING.
ON the eighth day of December, 1893, in the city of Nashua, a
woman whose name had been a household word in that city for
nearly half a century, departed this life, at the great age of ninetyseven years. Lucy Kendall, daughter of Nathan Kendall of Amherst,
was born in that town, December 13, 1796. She married Isaac
Spalding, of Nashua, May 1, 1828, and was the affectionate helpmeet
of that worthy and honored citizen until his decease, May 14, 1876.
Two sons, born in the early years of their married life, died in child
hood, and, thus left without children, and favored with ample means
for ministering to the comfort and welfare of others, they necessarily
looked beyond the confines of home for the objects of their considera
tion and regard. Mr. Spalding was an enterprising business man and
a public spirited citizen, and was closely identified with the growth
and progress of Nashua, from a struggling village to the second city
in the state, and in all his work and purposes his wife was an earnest
sympathizer. Though personally of a retiring disposition, modest
and unassuming, Mrs. Spalding, through all her long life, was an
active promoter of every deserving charitable cause and benevolent
work to which her attention was called in the community, and her
generous contributions of money for various worthy objects, as well
as her devoted personal service, will be remembered to her credit for
long years to come. She was actively identified with the First Con
gregational church of Nashua, and deeply interested in all lines of its
work. During the year 1892 her gift of twenty-three thousand dollars
for the purchase of a site made it possible for the society to erect the
new and commodious house of worship, one of the finest in the state,
which it now occupies. Among her other prominent benefactions
were ten thousand dollars to the New Hampshire Orphans' Home,
of which institution she was ever an earnest friend, and ten thousand
dollars to Dartmouth college.
��MRS. ONSLOW STEARNS.
A conspicuous figure in the social life of New Hampshire's capital
city, the true and worthy helpmeet of one eminent alike in busi
ness and public life, thecenter of a delightful family circle, whose guests,
often among the most distinguished, never forgot its charming influence,
no woman in the state has been more favorably known during the past
thirty years than Mrs. Onslow Stearns. Mary A. Holbrook, daughter
of Aden and Polly Holbrook, was born in Athol, Mass., February 10.
1819. She was educated in Mrs. Burrill's school at South Boston and
united in marriage with Mr. Stearns June 27, 1845. They removed to
Concord in 1847, where they ever after had their home. Mr. Stearns
became a dominant spirit in the railroad operations of the state, and a
strong factor in its political life, receiving the highest honor in the gift
of the people, having been encouraged in his career by the sympathy
and devotion of a wife ambitious for his success and proud of his
achievements, and by her womanly tact and grace of manner contrib
uting to the same in large degree. Mrs. Stearns not only met all the
requirements of domestic life, the demands of an enlarged hospitahty,
and the responsibilities of social leadership, but gave time and effort in
abundant measure to the cause of benevolence. During the War of
the Rebellion she was active in every work for the aid and encourage
ment of the Union soldiers. She was vice-president of the Home for
the Aged in Concord, from its organization until her death, July 27,
1895 ; was a director of the Margaret Pillsbury General Hospital, of the
Concord Female Benevolent Association, and an earnest worker in the
interests of the Unitarian church and society, with which she was asso
ciated. Above all and embracing all, it may be said, she was a true
woman in the fullest sense of the term. Mrs. Stearns left a son,
Charles O. Stearns of Boston, and four daughters, Mary, wife of Gen.
John R. Brooke, U. S. A.; Margaret, wife of S. W. Ingails of New
York; Sarah, and Grace, wife of Col R. H. Rolfe of Concord.
��LOUISA FRANCES RICHARDS, daughter of Dr. Mason and
Apphia (Andrews) Hatch, was born in Hillsborough, April 10,
1827, and married Hon. Dexter Richards of Newport, January 27,
1847. Her father had a successful professional career of more than
forty years in Newport, where he was a valuable citizen, prominent in
town affairs. There was a vein of original humor about him, delight
ful to all, which was largely inherited by his daughter, Mrs. Richards,
whose pleasant face and genial presence are welcomed in every circle.
She has been the mother of six children, but three of whom survive,—
Col. Seth Mason Richards, a leading business man of Newport, well
known throughout the state, Josephine, wife of Prof. M. C. Gile of
Colorado Springs college, and William Francis, also a Newport busi
ness man. There are also seven grandchildren in whom Mrs. Richards's youthful spirit finds never-failing joy. Those who know Mrs.
Richards best are acquainted with her many private benevolences,
as she is always ready to help those who are in need, or to put them
in a position to help themselves. She is a trustee of the Mercy Home
at Manchester, and trustee and vice-president of the Woman's Hos
pital Aid Association, in Concord. She was one of ten ladies to
give $ 1 ,000 each to erect a building for the infant department at the
Orphans' Home, Franklin. She belongs to the Manchester chapter of
the Daughters of the Revolution, her maternal grandfather, Maj.
Isaac Andrews, having fought at the Battle of Bunker Hill. In church
and society Mrs. Richards is an acknowledged power, while her
delightful hospitality is a thing long to be remembered by those who
have enjoyed it. Emerson says. — ' There is no beautifier of com
plexion, or form of behavior like the wish to scatter joy, and not pain,
around us." In the use of this cosmetic she is accomplished, as all
can testify who have felt the sweet influences of her kindness.
MRS. DEXTER RICHARDS.
15
��MARGARET SPRAGUE PILLSBURY.
MARGARET SPRAGUE, daughter and fifth child of Henry
and Holly (Greeley) Carleton, was born in Bucksport, Me.,
September 20, 1817, but removed, with her parents, in 1823, to their
former home in' Sutton, N. H., where she was educated in the public
schools. May 10, 1841, she married George A. Pillsbury of Sutton,
removing with him to Warner, where he was in trade ten years.
They removed to Concord in 185 I, and in 1878 to their present home,
Minneapolis, Minn., where their son, Charles A., is the head of the
greatest flour manufacturing firm in the world. Fred C., another
son, died there in 1892. An infant daughter died in Warner. Min
nie Chamberlin, a relative of Mrs. Pillsbury, left an orphan in early
childhood, was taken into their family, and has ever held the place
of a daughter. Mr. and Mrs. Pillsbury celebrated the golden anni
versary of their happy union in 1891, making it a golden year for
others, also, by giving to Sutton a soldiers' monument, to Warner
a public library, and uniting in the gift to the Hospital Association
at Concord of a spacious and costly edifice, appropriately named
"The Margaret Pillsbury General Hospital." Through all her life,
wherever she has been, Mis. Pillsbury has been felt and recognized
as a power for good, and the bestowal of her name upon such an institu
tion marks no new development in her character. It simply makes her
known publicly for what she has always been, a philanthropist—to gain
and merit which distinction is the highest earthly honor. This admi
rable Christian woman possesses a happy combination of qualities
which her full and rounded life has afforded abundant opportunity to
exercise, at home and abroad. Keenly perceptive, considerate, and,
though pitiful, strictly conscientious, she is seldom wrong in estimating
character or motive. She is a faithful friend, a judicious adviser to her
husband in their mutual business affairs, a wise mother, a kind and
capable ruler in her own household.
��THE giver of all good, very wisely and justly, bestows upon some
of his children especial powers and gifts, that the world shall be
made better, and the arts developed for the improvement and entertain
ment of mankind. Such a child was born in New Hampton, N. H.,
in 1842, daughter of Dr. John A. and Sarah J. Dana. From earliest
childhood it was evident her life would be devoted to music, her pref
erence being the piano. Her father and mother were both musical,
the latter being her first instructor. When eleven years old she went
to Boston for instruction from eminent teachers. At the age of fifteen
Martha Dana made her debut as a soloist. From that time until now
her life has been one of unbroken triumph, appearing at more festivals
and concerts throughout the Union than any other living pianist. Her
ambition and efforts were always of the highest character, having early
in life mastered the oratorio scores of the great composers. In 1864
she was married to Allan B. Shepard of Holderness, now Ashland,
residing there until 1881, when they removed to Boston. Two sons
were born by this happy union —Frank Edward and John Dana, in
whom a mother's fondest hopes are realized. Martha Dana Shepard
was New Hampshire's first great pianist. She has done more to
improve the art than ail others. She is a noble woman, whose name is
held in respect throughout the Union, an honor to her native state,
and a blessing to the legion who call her " friend." Her name and
career, when fully written, will be referred to by coming generations as
one of the bright stars, shedding its light to the glory and for the
example of others, in the musical firmament of the old Granite state.
MARTHA DANA SHEPARD.
19
��EDNA DEAN PROCTOR, eminent among American poets, is a
native of Henniker. Her name is known throughout the land,
the result of her pen alone, for she avoids publicity, preferring to be
known by her works. The Proctor family removed from Manchester,
Mass., to that picturesque town near the close of the last century, and
settled upon a high hill overlooking " Contoocook's bright and brim
ming river." Here was the birthplace of this gifted daughter, whose
mother, Lucinda Gould, was a descendant of the Hiltons and Prescotts
of Portsmouth and Hampton. Early in life she developed marked
poetic talent, and when the Civil War came, arousing her patriotism to
a white heat, her national poems, such as " The Stars and Stripes,"
"Compromise," "Who's Ready?" and others, stirred the hearts of
the boys who wore the blue to deeds of valor in the great struggle for
country and freedom. She has enjoyed the friendship of Whittier,
Longfellow, and other famous poets. Of her poem "New Hamp
shire" Whittier said it was one of the noblest produced in this coun
try. Longfellow showed his appreciation of her descriptive poems by
including them in his "Poems of Places," and greatly praised her
" Russian Journey," which won high commendation in two conti
nents. Two of her later poems, "Columbia's Banner," and "Colum
bia's Emblem," are exceedingly popular. The latter is a ringing, spirited
appeal for maize as our national floral emblem, and has received the en
dorsement of multitudes throughout the country. Her "Song of the
Ancient People " is universally conceded to be the grandest poem ever
written of the aboriginal Americans. The late Mary Hemenway was
so inspired with its depth, pathos, and historical significance that she
gave $2,500 to have it illustrated. Miss Proctor resides in Framingham, Mass., but spends much time in Boston and Washington in win
ter. She has traveled widely, and never fails to visit her native town
and state when opportunity offers.
EDNA DEAN PROCTOR.
21
��EUNICE ELISABETH PRESTON, daughter of Worcester and
Nancy (Evans) Preston, is a native of Concord. Her grand
father, John Preston, a brother of Capt. William, and Benjamin Pres
ton, Revolutionary soldiers, of Rumney, married Eunice Carpenter of
Coventry, Conn., of direct Revolutionary descent. In November, 1864,
Miss Preston was united in marriage with Charles Albert Busiel of
Laconia, present governor of New Hampshire. They have one daugh
ter, Frances Evelyn, now the wife of Wilson Longstreth Smith, of
Germantown. Pa., a member of an old Quaker family of distinguished
lineage, and a direct descendant of James Smith, one of the signers of
the Declaration of Independence. Mr. and Mrs. Smith have one child,
Charles Busiel Smith. Although naturally of domestic habits, Mrs.
Busiel has entertained freely, and since her husband's election to the
gubernatorial office has worthily filled the position of " first lady" of
the state. Modest and unassuming in manner, bright and cheery, with
a pleasant word for all, she has a happy way of making friends, and
enjoys a wide acquaintance. She is active in benevolent and charitable
work and a member of the society of the North Congregational church.
The New Hampshire Daughters" Club of Boston has her name on its
membership roll, and she is also one of the board of commissioners
from New Hampshire to the Woman's department of the Cotton States
and International Exposition at Atlanta.
MRS. CHARLES A. BUSIEL.
�L
�KATE SANBORN.
TF it be true that '-a merry heart doeth good like a medicine, " the
X Granite state is to be credited with much tonic, distributed through
out the land in the writings of cheerful, helpful, practical Kate San
born, which are alive with her sparkling individuality. Miss Sanborn
is a descendant of the Revolutionary hero, Capt. Ebenezer Webster,
who aided strongly in the adoption of the constitution, and claims
Daniel Webster as her great uncle, her mother, Mary Ann Webster,
being the favorite niece of the great statesman. Her father was the
late honored Prof. Edwin David Sanborn, of Dartmouth College, and
Edwin W. Sanborn of New York city, well known in legal and literary
circles, is her brother. She has also a sister, Mrs. Paul Babcock of
New York. Kate Sanborn's home was her school-room. At the age
of nineteen she was a teacher in the Mary institute, connected with
Washington university, at St. Louis, Mo. Later, she taught a day
school in Hanover. Subsequently she was for two years teacher of
elocution in Packer institute, Brooklyn, N. Y., and for a year in the
home of the late Mrs. Anna Lynch Botta, where she met many of the
most distinguished personages of the day. After this she filled the
chair of professor of literature at Smith College for a term of five years.
During all this time she issued books and calendars, delivered lectures,
and arranged classes in literature, besides writing for leading papers in
large cities. Kate Sanborn is a teacher, reviewer, compiler, essayist,
lecturer, author, housekeeper, and farmer. She resides at Metcalf.
Mass., surrounded by the dumb creatures she loves so well. She is
thoroughly domestic in her tastes, and a visit to her adopted farm is a
treat, indeed. Among her best books may be mentioned, "Wit of
Women, " "Adopting an Abandoned Farm," "Round Table Scries of
Literature," "A Truthful Woman in Southern California," "Abandon
ing an Adopted Farm," and her " Hen Book by a Hen Woman."
��MARTHA J. FLANDERS, one of the pioneer woman physicians,
was born in Concord, Jan. 15, 1823, the daughter of David and
Martha (Straw) Flanders. At the age of three she attended a district
school in Hopkinton, and afterwards was a pupil at Miss Susan Ela's
noted school in Concord. Later she was graduated from the New
Hampton Seminary. After teaching some years in the West and
South she began the study of medicine with the late Dr. Alpheus Mor
rill of Concord, one of the first physicians to perceive that " woman
needed the profession and the profession needed woman." She
gained her diploma at the New England Female College, now merged
in the Boston University School of Medicine. She practised in Con
cord in connection with Dr. Morrill from 1861 to 1863, and both
women and men of her native state gave her kindly encouragement and
support. She was the first woman physician in Concord. She finally
located in Lynn, Mass., where she has ever since resided. No people
could have been more kind and loyal than have been her patrons in
that Quaker city of radical reformers. She has had the pleasure of
seeing the barriers against women thrown down by medical societies,
being herself a member of county, state, and national societies, also
for several years lecturer in a co-educational medical school.
MARTHA J. FLANDERS, M. D.
��ADA L. HOWARD.
MISS ADA L. HOWARD, the beautiful woman whose skilful
hand guided Wellesley College the first seven and most diffi
cult years of its existence, is the daughter of William Hawkins How
ard and Lydia Adaline (Cowden) Howard, and was born in Temple,
December 19, 1829. Three of her great-grandfathers were officers in
the War of the Revolution, and one of these was an officer in the siege
of Louisburg. Her father was a fine scholar, an able teacher, and a
scientific agriculturist. From him she inherited marked characteristics,
and also from her mother—a gentlewoman whose sweetness, strength,
and high womanhood illuminated and unified the home. Miss How
ard received her education from her father, in private schools, New
Ipswich Academy. Lowell High School, Mount Holyoke College, where
she was graduated. Post-graduate study followed under private teachers.
She was, for several years, teacher at Mount Holyoke, the Western,
Oxford, O., and the accomplished and beloved principal of the
Woman's Department, Knox College. Illinois, and of Ivy Hall, her pri
vate school at Bridgeton, N. J., whence she was called to the presidency
of Wellesley College, founded by Mr. and Mrs. Durant. She was the
first woman president of a college in the world. Mr. Durant said, " 1
have been four years looking for a president. She will be a target to
be shot at, and for the present the position will be one of severe trials.
I have for sometime been closely investigating Miss Howard. I look
upon her as appointed to this work not by the trustees, but by God for
whom the college was built." Miss Howard wisely furthered the plans
of the founders, and held the position with great success till health
failed in 1882. She retains her love and enthusiasm for the college,
and every good work. In appreciation of her life at Wellesley, in
1890 the alumnae placed in the art gallery a life-size portrait of their
first president. In her honor a scholarship has been given for Wellesley College, called the Ada L. Howard scholarship.
��MRS. HOWARD L. PORTER.
ALICE ROSALIE (HAMMOND) PORTER was born in Con
necticut. Her ancestors, both on the paternal and maternal
side, were prominent in Revolutionary and colonial days. She was
graduated from Mount Holyoke in 1880. Later she studied at Dr. Sauveur's School of Languages at Amherst college and at the N. E. Con
servatory of Music in Boston. She went abroad in 1881. For three
years she was the efficient and devoted associate principal of Northfield Seminary, the school founded by D. L. Moody. The "Hand
book of Northfield Seminary" says,— "To her example, love, and be
lieving prayers, many a pupil owes the most valuable experience of her
life." Since her marriage to Gen. H. L. Porter she has continued her
Bible classes at Lynn, Mass., and Concord, N. H. For ten years
she taught in Concord probably the largest Bible class for women in the
state. Mrs. Porter has been president of the Concord Seaman's Friend
society, the Union Missionary society, the Foreign Missionary and
Charitable societies of the First Baptist church, and is connected with
almost every local philanthropic work. She has served on important
committees for the state Soldiers" Home at Tilton and the N. H. Or
phans' Home. She was the first president of the N. H. Mt. Hol
yoke Alumnae Association, and is a vice president of the Students' Aid
society of Wellesley College. The beautiful home of General and Mrs.
Porter at Concord is noted for its refined hospitality, and there is
scarcely a religious, benevolent, or educational cause in the state that
has not felt their generous support. Mrs. Porter is a most persuasive
speaker, and an excellent presiding officer. She is also gifted with the
pen, as various periodicals attest. She belongs to the Warwick Shakes
peare club, N. H. Historical society, and Concord Woman's club. As
a mother, she has been deeply interested in the public schools, from
which the two eldest of her four children, William and Carrie, have
graduated and are now members of Harvard '98 and Wellesley '99.
��MRS. MARY CLEMENT LEAVITT, honorary life president of
the World's Women's Christian Temperance Union, daughter
of Rev. Joshua and Eliza (Harvey) Clement, was born in Hopkinton,
September 22, 1830. She studied at the Thetford, Vt., Academy,
and prepared for teaching at the Framingham, Mass., Normal School,
graduating, class valedictorian, in 1851. She taught in Boston be
fore and after her marriage, and was a frequent contributor to the
leading papers of the day. Always actively interested in missions
and reforms, she helped to organize both the Massachusetts and Bos
ton W. C. T. Unions, working and speaking zealously for the latter
while still in the schoolroom. The demands for her services upon the
platform became so numerous that she closed her school and devoted
herself to lecturing. At the call of the National W. C. T. U., she gave
up the brilliant openings before her, and started out alone to encoun
ter the privations and dangers of a pioneer journey around the world
to organize W. C. T. Unions. This she accomplished with heroic
courage and persistence, visiting nearly every country on the globe,
speaking, through interpreters, in forty-seven languages, winning the
confidence and support of the best people, and often of royalty itself.
She organized men's temperance societies, and introduced the White
Cross movement into many lands. Without remuneration she under
took the work, raising nearly all of the seven thousand dollars ex
pended on this remarkable journey. Her " Round the-World " series
of letters was for eight years a most interesting feature of the Union
Signal. Mrs. Leavitt combines a high spiritual nature and good prac
tical ability with a strong, clear intellect, and is a logical, effective
speaker. At sixty-five, with unabated powers, enabling her to give one
hundred lectures in ten consecutive weeks during her 1894 California
tour, and promising great future usefulness, she is still ardently work
ing for God and humanity.
MARY CLEMENT LEAVITT.
33
��MARY A. DANFORTH.
NO list of noted New Hampshire women would be complete with
out the name of Mary A. Danforth born beyond the White Hills,
in the town of Colebrook, in 1867. Nature was generous in the be
stowal of " good gifts " upon her. She had, and still has, a strong
body and a healthy, hopeful mind, with apparently unlimited powers
of extension and enlargement. Her education in the higher schools
began in the academy of her native town, where she passed through
the tangled labyrinths of the sciences and classics with ease and accu
racy, where many faltered and fell. She afterward took a course in
the New Hampshire Seminary and Female College, from which she
graduated in 1884. Nobody who heard her graduating essay—
"What Next?"— will ever forget the essay or the writer. It was
thoughtful and broad, intellectual and polished, and many then pre
dicted for her the splendid career, something of which has since been
realized. After graduation she spent four years at home in study
and hard work, occasionally appearing before delighted audiences as
lecturer and preacher. Some of her papers before ministerial conven
tions are still thankfully remembered by all who were inspired and
helped by her practical interpretation of every-day gospel. In the
autumn of 1888 she sailed for Japan. Here, under hardships and
difficulties, she founded the Ladies' Seminary in Nagoya, and was its
successful president for five years. In the terrible earthquakes that
during her stay partially destroyed the city, her experiences were haz
ardous and thrilling. Miraculously escaping from instant death when
her boarding house was demolished, through the perilous days and
weeks that followed, the hand of God led her, saving her life for her
friends and the world. Since returning to her native land she has
lectured with much success in New England and the West. And still
God "takes thought" of her life, guides her steps, and makes the
world brighter and better for her words and her works.
��TV /TARIAN DOUGLAS (Mrs. Annie D. Robinson) is peculiarly
J-VX a child of New Hampshire, as not only all her life has been
spent within sound of the Pemigewasset, but she is indebted to the
state for her parents, her father, William, and her mother, Harriet
(Kimball) Green, having been natives of Concord, with the history of
which town her earlier ancestors were identified. She was born in
Plymouth, but since her early childhood has resided in Bristol. As
with many other writers of verse, her first published poem appeared
when she was fifteen, and from then till now her poems, irregularly
published and widely scattered, have filled a place of their own in cur
rent literature, being possessed of a certain individual quality, which
the New York Evening Post once characterised as "delicious in its
artistic simplicity.''
I
ANNIE D. ROBINSON.
37
��FRANCES STEWART MOSHER, A. M., Professor of French
and History in Hillsdale College, Hillsdale, Mich., is the daugh
ter of the late Rev. I. D. Stewart, for many years connected with the
New Hampton Institution, and afterwards with the Morning Star
Printing Establishment at Dover, a well known clergyman of the Free
Baptist denomination, and Elizabeth Rice, daughter of Isaac Rice,
Esq., for thirty years postmaster of Henniker, N. H. She was gradu
ated from New Hampton Institution in 1864, attended Mrs. Hodges's
finishing school in Boston, and spent two years at Mt. Holyoke Semi
nary. She was a teacher in Dover from 1868 to 1871, when she was
united in marriage with Hon. George F. Mosher, LL. D., then editor
of the Morning Star of that city, subsequently United States Consul in
France, and later in Germany ; but for several years past President of
Hillsdale College. Possessed of strong and well-cultivated literary
tastes, Mrs. Mosher had charge of the young people's papers, The
Little Star and The Myrtle, issued under the auspices of the Free Bap
tist denomination, and assisted on the Morning Star from 1872 till
1 88 1, when she accompanied her husband abroad, still contributing to
several newspapers.
In 1887 she accepted her present position in
Hillsdale College. She was one of the committee of three for organ
izing the F. B. Woman's Missionary Society in 1873, in which Society
she has constantly held responsible offices, and was a delegate to the
World's Congress of Representative Women in connection with the
Columbian Exposition in 1893. She is also a trustee of Storer College,
West Virginia, and a member of the Woman's Commission of Hills
dale College. Her two daughters are Misses Freida and Bessie Mo
sher. As a successful educator, a graceful writer, and an earnest
worker in behalf of the religious denomination with which she has
been associated from childhood, Mrs. Mosher has done splendid ser
vice, and is still in the maturity of her powers.
�-I
�MRS. JOHN P. HALE was Miss Lucy Hill Lambert, a native of
Somersworth, N. H., the daughter of William and Abigail
(Ricker) Lambert. She was married to Mr. Hale at Berwick, Me.,
and resided in Dover, as her home, at Washington when Mr. Hale was
in the United States senate, and at Madrid when he was United States
minister to Spain. Her only brother was the Rev. Thomas R. Lam
bert, who was first a lawyer in New Hampshire, next a chaplain in the
United States navy, and later for many years rector of the Episcopal
church at Charlestown, Mass., and was also a distinguished member of
the Masonic order. Mrs. Hale has proved herself a lady, kindly, cour
teous, and dignified, in all the relations of life, public and private.
MRS. JOHN F. HALE.
��MRS. WILLIAM E. CHANDLER was Miss Lucy Lambert
Hale, second daughter of Senator John P. Hale, and was a
native of Dover, N. H. She married Mr. Chandler at Dover in 1874,
before he became secretary of the navy and United States senator, and
in her connection with official life is well known as a spirited and gra
cious helpmate and hostess. Her son, John P. Hale Chandler, born
in Washington, D. C., in March, 1885, is the only male descendant of
her distinguished father.
4.5
��AUGUSTA (HARVEY) WORTHEN.
MRS. AUGUSTA (HARVEY) WORTHEN, of Lynn, Mass.,
is a representative of one of the most noted New Hampshire
families. She was born in Sutton, September 27, 1823 ; daughter of Col.
John and Sally (Greeley) Harvey. Her father was a younger brother
of Hon. Jonathan Harvey, and Hon. Matthew Harvey, both of whom
served the public in Congress, and the latter as governor of the state,
and for thirty-five years was United States judge for the District of
New Hampshire. In the family of this uncle Mrs. Worthen spent sev
eral years of her later chiidhood, enjoying the advantage of tuition in
Hopkinton Academy. Later she became a student in Andover Acad
emy, and a catalogue of that institution for 185 1 shows her name
among the teachers. February 15, 1855, she married, in Danvers,
Mass., Charles F. Worthen of Candia, N. H., and in 1858 removed
with him to Lynn, where Mr. Worthen was for several years engaged
in shoe manufacturing, and where he died February 15, 1882. Lynn
is still Mrs. Worthen's home, where she is engaged, more or less, in
literary work. She is sister to the late Matthew Harvey, of Newport,
who, for a long term of years, was, in connection with his partner,
Henry G. Carlton, co-editor of the New Hampshire Argus and Spec
tator. It was mainly through the aid of this partial brother that her
literary efforts were first brought before the public. She is repre
sented by poems of especial merit in "New Hampshire Poets," in
.' Poets of America," " Poets of Essex County," and several later col
lections, and also by a portrait and biography in "A Woman of the
Century." But the great labor of her life has been the preparation of
a history of her native town of Sutton, a work of over eleven hundred
pages, published in i89o-'9i, on which she had been engaged, more or
less diligently, for twenty years. It is the first town history in the
state prepared by a woman, and has been much and worthily com
mended for thoroughness and literary finish.
��MARY NOYES FAKK.
T\ If ARY NOYES FARR is a woman of rare attainments and culXVJ. ture, and inherited great executive ability from her father,
Rufus H. Noyes, who for many years was a prominent merchant of
Landaff, her native town. She is one of the best products of that
hardy New England stock, which has done so much for the progress of
our country. Her great common sense and Scotch tenacity of purpose,
inherited from her mother, Patience Gordon Noyes, make her success
assured in all she undertakes. She was graduated from Miss Philena
McKeen's school, Andover, Mass., in 1874, and filled prominent posi
tions as an educator in New Hampshire, Iowa, and Washington, D. C,
.through the influence of the late Hon. James W. Patterson, a life-long
friend of the family. In 1882 she married Col. Edward Payson Fari
of St. Johnsbury, Vt., and went with her husband and brother, Frank
Pierce Noyes, to make a home in Dakota, where they have accumu
lated many fertile acres in the state of their adoption. Their home is
now in Pierre, the capital city of South Dakota, where Colonel Farrisa
successful banker. Mrs. Farr has identified herself with the educa
tional interests of the state, and for several years has had charge of
the art department of the Pierre University. She is at present princi
pal of the Lincoln schools in that city, and chairman of the National
Floral Emblem Society for her state. The World"s Fair commission
of South Dakota was much indebted to Mrs. Farr for her superior
installation of their educational exhibit at the World's Fair, and her
efficient work as juror of awards in the Liberal Arts Department.
Young, vigorous, and enthusiastic, achieving a distinction second to
none, she made the commission proud of the endorsement of her
claims to recognition, and won an enviable position in a new state of
progressive ideas and brains. New Hampshire also takes due pride in
her achievements, since it was among her hills and her people that the
elements of this woman's character originated and were developed.
��TO attain high position in Boston musical society, where the taste
is pure and classical, is no easy task ; yet this gifted daughter of
New Hampshire has long held it, on account of rare vocal powers, a
pleasing personality, and generous heart. Born in Lyme, she removed
with her parents, Thomas and Aurilla Bond, both musicians, to the
city of Nashua, at the age of fourteen, where she commenced her
musical career, though as a child she had sung in the choir with her
mother, who was a leader. At fifteen she was leading soprano in a
large Nashua church. She here attracted the attention of C. B. Hill,
a man of rare discernment and philanthropic spirit, who provided for
her musical education, and secured her a position as choir leader in a
prominent church in Lowell, at a high salary for those days. At eigh
teen her cherished ambition to sing in Boston was gratified, on the
occasion of a great festival under the direction of B. F. Baker, where
she made a happy " hit " Here she began study with the renowned
Signor Corelli. She was three years soprano at Dr. Miner's School
Street church, and fourteen years leader in Trinity choir, singing also
continuously in concert and oratorio. She has appeared with the most
noted singers of the day; for six successive seasons sang "The Mes
siah '' for the Handel and Haydn society : made her farewell appearance
as a public singer in that capacity, and has since devoted her talents to
teaching, with eminent success, many of her pupils having already
entered upon brilliant careers. At the age of twenty she married J. H.
Long, a rising business man of Boston, now deceased, a popular offi
cer of the Handel and Haydn society, and an excellent musical critic.
She is a true and loyal woman, as is evidenced by her loving care of
her aged mother and the younger members of her family. Mrs. Bond,
at eighty-nine, is living at her daughter's residence on Holyoke street,
summering at the old colonial home in Lyme, which Mrs. Long has
modernized and beautified for herself and dear ones.
HATT1E BOND LONG.
49
��MRS. HANNAH A. CURRIER was the youngest daughter of
Enoch Slade, Esq., a distinguished citizen of Thetford, Vt.,
and sister of Gen. Samuel W. Slade, an eminent lawyer of St. Johnsbury, in the same state. She received her early education in Thetford
Academy, at that time one of the most famous institutions in New
England. Here many of the sons and daughters of New Hampshire
and Vermont resorted to prepare for college, or to obtain a higher
degree of cultivation in English studies than could be obtained else
where. In this celebrated school Miss Slade early found herself rank
ing among the foremost, not only in the ordinary studies, but also in
the higher branches of Greek, Latin, and mathematics, which she pur
sued far into the college course. After leaving the academy, with the
highest reputation for scholarship. Miss Slade went to Boston, where
under distinguished teachers she continued her studies in music, French,
and other branches of polite literature, thus adding a metropolitan finish
not easily acquired in rural institutions. In 1869 Miss Slade was married
to Hon. Moody Currier, a distinguished banker in Manchester, N. H..
who afterwards, in 1885 and 1886, was governor of the state. The
accomplishments of Mrs. Currier added greatly to the dignity and
popularity of his administration. Since her marriage, in connection
with her husband she has continued her literary and scientific pursuits,
keeping up with the progress of the age, adopting in their broadest
and most liberal sense the best thoughts of modern research.
Although she has never given to the public any of her literary produc
tions, her education and critical tastes would warrant success in such
an undertaking. She does not seek distinction by a display to the
world of her charities and benefactions, which are many, and known
only to those who receive them. She believes that the proper sphere
of woman is her home, which she renders happy and adorns, by devot
ing to it the best energies of her life.
MRS. MOODY CURRIER.
5'
��THE New Hampshire Department President of the Woman's Relief
Corps, auxiliary to the Grand Army of the Republic, Hannah
Elizabeth (Wallace) Foster, daughter of Charles B. and Elizabeth R.
(Lovejoy) Wallace, was born in Milford, Feb. 4, 1853, her parents being
descended from Scotch-Irish ancestors, who were among the first set
tlers of Amherst, and possessed of rare intelligence and great executive
ability. She is also of lineal Revolutionary descent and a charter mem
ber of the local Council of Daughters of the American Revolution. She
was educated in the public schools and at Maplewood Seminary, Pittsfield, Mass. , December 3 1 , 1874, she was united in marriage with Oliver
H. Foster, a prominent business man of Milford, and a leading member
and Past Commander of O. W. Lull Post, G. A. R., of that town. She
early espoused the cause in which the W. R. C. is engaged, and was a
charter member of O. W. Lull Relief Corps No. 5, organized June 6,
1 88 1, two years before the order became a national organization. She
has served continually on committees of the corps, from the least to the
most important, having been three years chairman of the executive
committee. She served as corps treasurer six years, and two years as
President. In 1881 she was made Department Guard. In 1891 she
was chosen Senior Vice President, and in 1892 held the responsible
office of Department Inspector, having also served two years as Assis
tant Inspector. She has served many times as a delegate in the
Department Convention and has also represented the Department in
National Convention, and was appointed on the staff of National
President Sue Pike Saunders in 1892. While deeply interested and
always well posted in Rehef Corps work, her energies have not all been
given in that direction, church and mission work having also claimed
her attention for many years. She has four sons, the eldest a member
of the Freshman Class at Dartmouth College.
��» "I") E. E." is a familiar signature, especially to people of literJ3. ary inclination. These letters are the reversed initials of
one of the most notable daughters of the Granite state—Emma Eliza
beth Brown, a native of Concord, and a daughter of John F. Brown,
from whom she inherited her literary tendencies, as well as her love for
painting and for nature. Her mother was a woman also gifted in many
ways, and from both parents she is endowed with talents that have been
faithfully cultivated and modestly displayed. She began writing for
the press while a school-girl, in her native city, and early in life gained
recognition through her poem, "The Legend of Chocorua," published
in the Concord Monitor. From that time to the present she has con
stantly contributed to leading papers and magazines, besides writing
many books of a religious, biographical, and poetical nature, her biog
raphy of the late James Russell Lowell being one of her latest efforts.
Miss Brown went to Boston to reside about the year 1875, and not
long after became art critic for the Boston Advertiser. She studied
painting with Samuel L. Gerry, and for a time had charge of the art
department at the Maplewood Institute, Pittsfield, Mass., and at St.
Catherine's Hall, Augusta, Me. Her "Child Toilers of Boston,"
"A Hundred Years Ago," " From Night to Light," and her Azorean
stories have been widely read. She now resides with her sister, Mrs.
Treadwell, in a charming old house at Newton Highlands, Mass., sur
rounded by her books, her own beautiful water-colors, and the dear
ones she loves so well. She is a woman of broad culture, having read
much and traveled extensively. She belongs to the New England
Woman's club, the Castillian, and Unity Art club. She possesses a
slender, graceful figure, gentle and unassuming manners, and is a
woman to know and honor for her many lovable qualities.
EMMA E. BROWN.
55
��AMONG the many noble women whose lives and work have been
a power for good in the moral and social atmosphere of New
Hampshire's "Queen City" for the past twenty years is Elizabeth H.
(Allison) Wallace, a daughter of James Allison of Dunbarton, in
which town she was born, March 24, 1825. She is of the fifth genera
tion from Samuel Allison, one of the first sixteen settlers of London
derry, and a prominent man in the early history of that old town.
Securing a thorough education (she was the first graduate of the Man
chester High School, and valedictorian of the class of 1848), she entered
upon the work of imparting instruction to others, and was engaged as
a teacher for more than twenty years, with marked success—six years
in New Hampshire, in the Concord High School and in the Pinkerton Academy at Derry ; thirteen years in Ohio, at the Ohio Female
College, six miles from Cincinnati ; and the last three years at Bennet
Seminary, in Minneapolis, Minn. In 1874, she was united in marriage
with the late Rev. C. W. Wallace, O. D., pastor of the First or Han
over Street Congregational church of Manchester, where she still re
sides in the house which her husband built in 1845. Mrs. Wallace
always sympathized with her father and her husband in their strong
anti-slavery principles, as well as in their earnest temperance views.
She has been an active member of the Woman's Christian Temperance
Union since its organization. By the payment of $100 she has had her
late husband's name inscribed on a marble tablet in Willard Hall, in
the famous Temperance Temple in Chicago,—a memorial to his lifelong
devotion to the temperance cause. She was for many years Home and
Corresponding Secretary of the N. H. Branch of the Woman's Board
of Missions. She is a devoted member of the First Congregational
church of Manchester, and is doing what she can for the suppression
of evil and the advancement of Christ's kingdom in the world.
57
��MRS. SARAH E. FARLEY RUNNELLS.
THE Farleys and Hardys of Hollis were among the noted families
in the early history of the town. Sarah E. Farley, daughter of
Enoch and Abby (Hardy) Farley, born in Hollis, June 9, 1834, comes
of an ancestry of which any American woman may well be proud.
Her two great-grandfathers, Lieut. Benjamin Farley and Phineas
Hardy, were among the first soldiers of the Revolution, and fought at
Lexington and Bunker Hill. In the latter contest, also, two great
uncles on the maternal side, Joseph and Nathaniel Wheat, were killed.
Miss Farley was educated in the Hollis schools and at the Milford semi
nary, then under charge of Gilbert Wadleigh. She taught success
fully in the village school at Hollis, and at Dunstable, Mass., for five
years, and on September 9, 1858, was married to Daniel F. Runnells.
a successful merchant of Nashua, where she has since resided, and has
been active and prominent in society, church, and organized charitable
and benevolent work. She is an interested member of the W. C.
T. U., and of the ladies' organizations connected with the Pilgrim
church, but her efforts have been more especially directed to the work
of the Nashua Protestant Home for Aged Women and the Woman's
Relief Corps. She was a member of the board of managers of the
former institution for ten years, and for several years past has been
president of the same, and has contributed largely to its success. She
has been president of the local Woman's Relief Corps, and was
department president of the order for New Hampshire in 1 891 , one
of the most prosperous years in its history. She was a member of the
National Council, W. R. C., in 1892-'93, and has been urged to allow
the use of her name as a candidate for national president. She has
been identified with various other public and private charities, and has
kept abreast with the times in all matters of social, literary, and edu
cational interest. She has two daughters, Florence and Katherine,
educated at Wellesley, and one son, Frederick D., a graduate of Dart
mouth, class of 1893.
��MRS. RUTH LAMPREY CADLE.
THE record of a very busy and useful life is recorded in that of
Ruth Lamprey Cadle, who was born in the town of Orford,
N. H., January 16, 1820. Her parents, Samuel Lamprey and Anna
Johnson, were among the early settlers who moved from Hampton to
Orford in 181 1. After finishing her educational course at Canaan
academy, then under the principalship of the late Chief Justice Sar
gent, and being ambitious for some new field, in response to a call for
a teacher, she moved to the then far western town of Muscatine, Iowa,
in 1847. After teaching acceptably two years she married in 1849
Cornelius Cadle, and of this union were born one son, Henry, now of
Bethany, Mo., and one daughter, Abbie A., the wife of Col. Frank W.
Mahin, of Clinton, Ohio. At the time of her marriage Mr. Cadle had
four sons, who still survive. Col. Cornelius, Edward F., Capt. Will
iam L., and Charles F., all of whom served their country in the late
war. The cholera epidemic that raged through the Mississippi valley
in 1852 witnessed her ministrations, and families are still living who
remember her with gratitude. But the great event which developed
her ability to manage and control large movements was the late War of
the Rebellion, during the whole period of which she served as president
of the Muscatine County Soldiers' Aid Society, and during which she
helped to manage a fair at Muscatine that netted $25,000 for the Sani
tary Commission. After the war her next attention was given to the
orphans of the soldiers, and she was one of the incorporators of the
Iowa State Soldiers' Ophans' Home, and as a fitting finale to her
efforts in service and memory of the loyal defenders of the nation Mrs.
Cadle was one of the chief solicitors of the fund with which was
erected at Muscatine the first soldiers' monument in the state. She
also kept up her church and temperance work and her interest in sci
entific studies until the final summons came April 12, 1885.
��MARY HELEN (DAVISON) SHAW was born on Prince
Edward Island, at Charlottetown. March 22, 1840, a daughter
of Charles C. and Nancy (McNeil) Davison. Her paternal ancestors
came to this country in the early history of its settlement. About the
commencement of the Revolutionary war they went to the provinces
from Connecticut, being among those who remained loyal to the
crown. Her maternal ancestor, McNeil, a Scotchman, married a
daughter of the Duke of Argyle. From both her father's and mother's
ancestors she has derived that inflexible adherence to what she believes
to be right, which has so characterized her in all of the relations of life.
In early life she came to this country, and in 1867 became the wife of
Capt. E. M. Shaw of Nashua, so well known as a successful manufact
urer, and more especially as the executive commissioner from this state to
the World's Columbian Exposition at Chicago in 1893. Religiously she
is a Baptist, and active in all church and auxiliary denominational work. '
Her especial work is that of the W. C. T. U., and this she follows
unfalteringly. She has repeatedly held the office of president of the
local union of Nashua, and was a delegate at large to the national con
vention of the W. C. T. U. at Chicago in 1893. She is now one of
the trustees of the W. C. T. U. Mercy Home at Manchester. Her
•only child, a son, Elijah Ray, is now a member of the class of 1897 atthe New Hampshire College of Agriculture and the Mechanic Arts, at
Durham.
MRS. E. M. SHAW.
*3
��SARAH WHITE CHENEY, the accomplished wife of ex-Governor,
and ex-U. S. Senator, Person Colby Cheney of Manchester,
late U. S. Minister to Switzerland, is a representative New Hampshire
woman of old Colonial stock, her family having been in this country
since 1636. She is a daughter of Jonathan White and Sarah Bathrick
Goss, born in Amherst, having five lineal ancestors serving in the
War of the Revolution. She is Honorary Regent for New Hampshire
for the society of the Daughters of the American Revolution, and
a member of the Colonial Dames. Her father was one of the earliest
manufacturers in Lowell, Mass., removing there when Mrs. Cheney was
three years of age. She was a graduate of the Lowell High School,
and completed her education at the New Hampton Literary and Scien
tific Institution. She was married to Mr. Cheney in May, 1859. She
is a woman of great executive ability, superior qualities, fine conversa
tional powers, and has been much in public life, always leading, and gra
ciously extending hospitalities incidental to the various public positions
to which her husband has been called. Modest in her nature, yet of
commanding presence, she manifests a warm devotion for home life,
yet has been her husband's adviser and helpmeet in political and
business life. Her sympathies and charities are wide and far reaching,
though unostentatious. She has been for many years President of the
Woman's Aid and Relief Society of Manchester. Her fondness for
architecture has led her to give much time in planning various im
provements, not only in her own home, but also in connection with
her husband's affairs. She has a large circle of distinguished friends,
both at home and in Europe, whom she often visits. Governor and Mrs.
Cheney have one daughter, Agnes, the wife of Mr. Charles H. Fish, and
Mrs. Cheney's chief delight is in her two little grand-daughters. The
three generations are members of one household, contributing to the
social pleasure of Manchester, in their hospitable home.
MRS. PERSON C. CHENEY.
65
��AUGUSTA COOPER BRISTOL.
AUGUSTA COOPER BRISTOL, poet and lecturer, the youngest
of ten children of Col. Otis and Hannah (Powers) Cooper, was
born in Croydon April 17, 1835. Her poetical taste was manifest in
childhood, her first verses being written when she was eight years of
age. She excelled in mathematics and early manifested an aptitude
for logical and philosophical reasoning. Educated in the public
schools and Canaan and Kimball Union Academies, she began teach
ing at fifteen, and was thus employed until her marriage at twenty-two,
with G. F. Kimball, from whom she was divorced five years later. In
1866 she married Louis Bristol, a lawyer of New Haven, Conn., remov
ing to Illinois. In 1869 she published a volume of poems, and, the same
year, gave her first public lecture, which circumstance seems to have
changed the course of her intellectual career. In 1872 she removed to
Vineland, N. J., her present home, whence she has been frequently
called before the public as a speaker. She was four years president of
the Ladies' Social Science class in Vineland. In 1880 she gave a
course of lectures before the New York Positivist Society on "The
Evolution of Character," and another before the Woman's Social Sci
ence Club. In June, following, she went to Europe and spent several
months studying the equitable association of labor and capital at the
Familistere, founded by M. Godin, in Guise, France, also representing
the New York Positivist Society in an international convention of
liberal thinkers in Brussels, before which body she gave a lecture upon
the "Scientific Basis of Morality." Returning home she published
the " Rules and Statutes " of the association in Guise. In 1881 she
was chosen lecturer of the New Jersey State Grange and was employed
on a national lecture bureau of the Patrons of Husbandry. Since her
husband's death in 1882, she has seldom appeared upon the platform,
but was one of the speakers in the Congress of Representative Women
at the World's Fair in Chicago.
��MARY MARGARET GILE
MISS MARY MARGARET GILE was well bom and happily
endowed. Family traditions increased this inheritance, and
her early life among the New Hampshire hills made it rich indeed.
Her ancestors fought in the most noted battles of the Revolution.
Her father, the late Alfred A. Gile, was a man of fine integrity, who
held his children to strict account, both for their morals and their
manners, while the quiet Christian influence of the mother supple
mented that of the father. After a thorough training in the schools
of New Hampshire and Massachusetts, Miss Gile entered upon her
life work as preceptress of the Clarence Academy, Clarence, N. Y.,
where she was associated with her brother, Joseph Gile. She next
became Preceptress of the Warsaw Academy, at Warsaw, N. Y.,
where she remained nine years. In each of these positions she dis
played that skill which has brought her such signal success. After
short terms at Cleveland, O., and Worcester, Mass., she began her
work at East Orange, N. J., where she now resides with her youngest
brother, Dr. Francis A. Gile. Many a successful man and woman
owes much to Miss Gile for the mental and moral impetus received
from her in the high school of this town. Here she closely identifies
herself with her surroundings, being an active member of Christ
church and its Sunday-school, also of the Daughters of the Revolution,
the Woman's Club of Orange, and the Auxiliary of the Y. M. C. A.
Besides her articles for the newspapers and her essays, Miss Gile con
tributed an article entitled, " Individual Influence upon our Nation,"
to the New Jersey scrap-book for the World's Fair. Her paper on the
History of Education, written for the school of Pedagogy of the Uni
versity of the City of New York, received favorable comment from our
best educators. She has recently graduated from this university, and
may truly be considered one of the progressive women of our time.
Her personality is quiet but strong ; her life, noble, true, and effective.
��THE Pine Tree State is the birth-place of many women whose in
fluence has subsequently been felt in the social, intellectual, and
moral life of New Hampshire. Among the number is Mrs. Luther F.
McKinney. born Sharlie P. Webb, in Raymond, Me., July 7, 1852—
a daughter of Josiah P. and Elizabeth D. (Witham) Webb, and a
descendant of Paine Wingate, also of the renowned Hugh de Payens,
her father's ancestors coming from England in the early history of the
country. She received her early education in the common schools
and at the North Bridgeton Academy, and completed the same at
Carlisle, Pa. She was united in marriage with Rev. Luther F. McKin
ney, then pastor of the Universalist church at North Bridgton, August
1, 1 87 1 . In 1873 they removed to South Newmarket, now Newfields,
N. H., and three years later to Manchester, where he was for ten
years the eminently successful and popular pastor of the Universalist
church. The marked success of Mr. McKinney's professional career
was due in no small degree to his wife's efficient aid and cooperation.
Endowed with tact, discrimination, and social graces of a high order,
with great energy and executive ability, she was thoroughly at home
in parish and society work, while she entered heartily into all her
husband's plans and purposes, proving at all times a safe counsellor and
ready helper. In his political career, also, she has been of much assist
ance, her ready judgment proving a safe reliance in many emergencies.
In the household she has ever presided with grace and dignity, whether
in her modest home in New Hampshire, at Washington, where Mr.
McKinney was a representative in congress for two terms, or in the
ministerial residence at Bogota, where he now represents the United
States government. A true and faithful wife, she is also a devoted
mother, and to her care and guidance their two sons, Frank and Harry,
the former a graduate of St. Lawrence University and Baltimore Law
School, owe the foundation for future careers of honor and usefulness.
MRS. LUTHER F. McKINNEY.
71
��IF it be true that "poets are born, not made," the same is true of
artists in music or otherwise ; yet the highest natural gifts require
constant and careful training in order to obtain the best results. In
old-world lands, with their history, legends, and myths, children are
born breathing the very air of poetry and music. That great artists
should there develop is natural, for the influence of centuries is upon
them. In our land we are fed upon the stern realities of life, and our
history is of no aid to the student in art; yet we have in New Hamp
shire a source of inspiration in our wonderful mountain and lake
scenery, and in our midst there have been, and yet will be, born poets
and musicians, whose uplifting words and work will be felt for genera
tions to come. Miss Ada M. Aspinwall, though yet in her youth, has
gained distinction as a pianist second to that of no woman now residing
in the state. She was born and has ever lived in the city of Concord,
and its people take due pride in her reputation and success. Born of
the sturdy New England type, endowed with a musical nature manifest
ing itself in infancy, ambitious to excel, and blessed with adequate
physical powers, she has been a student of the piano from early child
hood, her instruction, commencing at eight years of age, being the
best in the city for several years, followed by private lessons for five
years with the best instructors at the New England Conservatory,
while for three years past she has enjoyed the tutelage of the noted
Milo Benedict. As accompanist for the Concord Choral Union she
has won more than local favor, in festival work in and out of the state
has been highly commended, and as a soloist she has developed much
ability. She has done good work as a teacher of the piano, nor has
her attention been confined to that instrument ; for four years past she
has been organist at the White Memorial church of Concord.
�T
■
�MARY S. DANFORTH. M. D.
MARY SHEPARU DANFORTH is a native of the town of Derry,
a daughter of Charles and Rebecca (Batchelder) Danforth, born
May 1 8, 1853. She was educated in the public schools of Manchester
and in Pinkerton academy, Derry, graduating from the latter institution
in 1869. She commenced teaching at a very early age, and had taught
twenty-one terms before she was as many years of age. Immediately
after her graduation at Derry she went as a teacher to Danielsonville,
Conn., where she had charge of a school of 200 pupils, and won an
enviable reputation as instructor and disciplinarian. Having deter
mined to enter the medical profession, she pursued her studies in that
direction with Dr. Alfred R. Dearborn of East Weare, Dr. Isaac Hovey
of Atkinson, and Dr. William Hammond of Philadelphia, Pa., and at
the Woman's Medical college of Pennsylvania, graduating from that
institution March 25, 1875. In May following she commenced prac
tice in Manchester, where she has continued with marked success,
establishing a large general practice and gaining a ieputation for skill
and judgment which has caused her services to be sought frequently
in consultation in places many miles away. She was made a member
of the Manchester Medical society in April, 1877, and shortly after
elected its secretary, being the first woman in America to hold such
an office. At the annual meeting of the New Hampshire Medical
society in June, 1878, she was admitted to membership in that organ
ization, being the first female member, and this without application
on her part. She was a delegate from the New Hampshire Medical
society to the International Medical Congress at Washington, in 1884,
of which the renowned Dr. Austin Flint was president, and attracted
marked attention by her emphatic opposition to unlimited vivisection,
which gave rise to the extended discussion of that question. Dr.
Danforth is outspoken in her recognition of the kindness and courtesy
ever manifested toward her by the gentlemen of her profession.
�I
�MRS. H. MARIA GEORGE COLBY was born in Warner,
N. H., October i, 1844. She is the daughter of Gilman C.
and Nancy (Badger) George, and is of English descent on both sides
of the family ; the Georges, in fact, have a coat of arms that dates
back to the ancient days of chivalry. Mrs. Colby is a social leader
and an authoress. She early developed strong literary tastes, and
while in her teens wrote a number of novelettes that were published InNew York and Philadelphia houses. Later she paid more attention
to the magazines and newspapers, and she became an acknowledged
authority upon domestic topics. Circumstances have rendered it impos
sible for her to give her whole time to literary work, but her articles
have appealed in the Housewife, the Housekeeper, the Housekeeper's
Weekly, the Christian at Work, DemoresCs Monthly Magazine,
Arthur s Home Magazine, Youth's Companion, the Congregationalist,
the Portland Transcript, Ladies' World, Good Cheer, the Philadelphia
Press, the Chicago Ledger, the Golden Rule, Good Housekeeping, and
St. Nicholas. She was for five years the fashion editor of the House
hold. She has made use of various pen names, but is best known to
editors and the public by her maiden name, H. Maria George.
A stanch advocate of temperance, and equal rights for both sexes, she
furthers these as well as every other good work by her pen. In
December, 1880, Miss George was united in marriage to Frederick
Myron Colby, the well known litirateur. Their pleasant home is in
Warner.
MRS. FREDERICK MYRON COLBY.
��REBECCA WEEKS WILEY, M. D.
THE ancestral lines along which Rebecca Weeks Wiley is able to
trace her kindred reach back through families distinguished for
education, patriotism, and statesmanship. These include Horace
Greeley on one side and Daniel Webster on the other. Many unpub
lished incidents in the early history of these noted men are held as
family heirlooms. Her immediate relatives were characterized by quick
discernment, executive ability, and sterling integrity. Her father, John
Gale Weeks, was a hatter in Gilford when Rebecca was born, March 20,
1848. She was educated at Laconia academy. New Hampshire female
college, and Boston University School of Medicine, graduating from
the latter in the class of '82. Dr. Wiley at once began practice in
Laconia, "The City on the Lakes," and thus became the first woman
physician in the state north of Concord. Some of the best families in
the city and adjacent towns took early opportunity to express joy over
her settlement. Her practice, at first good, gradually increased, until
at times she has been overwhelmed with professional work. It was a
great relief to her when her only son, Maurice G. Wiley, graduated
from medical college, and in June, 1894, opened an office adjoining her
own. She is a member of the New Hampshire Homoeopathic Medical
society, and the American Institute of Homceopathy. Dr. Wiley has
been called much in council, and her relations to the profession have
been uniformly pleasant. The dream of youth was a prophecy of
which the practice of medicine is a fulfillment, and she is an enthu
siast in her profession. To some extent she has complied with re
quests to address public assemblies on education and hygienic subjects,
but fidelity to a growing practice has compelled her to decline many
such calls. In church relations she is a Free Baptist. She is sympa
thetic and co-operative with her husband. Rev. Frederick L. Wiley, in
his literary and philanthropic pursuits. They are mutually happy in
their respective departments of work and sacrifice for human good.
��MARILLA M. RICKER.
MARILLA MARKS, daughter of Jonathan B. and Hannah D.
(Stevens) Young, was born in New Durham in 1840. Her father
was an ardent Whig, the New York Tribune was the family paper, and
its close perusal gave her the decided political convictions which make
her now an earnest Republican. Educated in the public schools and New
London academy, she taught with much success for several years. In
1863 she married John Ricker, Esq., of Madbury. They made their
home in Dover, where Mr. Ricker had a large real estate business. He
died in 1868, leaving her a good property. In 1872 she went to
Europe, resided for a long time in Germany, and thoroughly mastered
the German language. Returning, she went to Washington, where she
read law with Albert G. Riddle and Arthur B. Williams, and was ad
mitted to the bar in 1882, being examined with eighteen young men and
outranking them all. She was the first New Hampshire woman to become
a lawyer, and practised successfully in Washington many years, being
admitted to the bar of the United States Supreme Court in 1892.
For some time past she has been United States commissioner and
examiner in chancery for the District of Columbia. In 1890 she
applied for admission to the New Hampshire bar. This raised the
question of woman's right to admission to the bar in this state. After
due consideration by the full bench Chief Justice Doe rendered a deci
sion to the effect that she could be admitted the same as any man who
is a practising attorney in another state. Mrs. Ricker early became a
believer in equal rights for men and women under the constitution, and
offered her ballot at the polls in Ward Three, Dover, in 1870, with her
reasons for demanding a voter's privilege, being the first woman in the
state, and probably in the country, to attempt to vote. She has spoken
effectively on the stump in national campaigns for the Republican party.
She is frank, generous, and open hearted, a friend of the unfortunate,
a champion of many reform causes, a hater of sham and hypocrisy.
�II I |
�MISS HARRIET PATIENCE DAME, the Florence Nightin
gale of New Hampshire, was born in North Barnstead, January
5, 1 8 1 5 . She was the youngest of the six children of James Chadbourne and Phebe (Ayers) Dame. Her father was a farmer and
teacher, and of her mother Miss Dame writes, She was the grandest
woman in the world." The future heroine of the Civil War early
showed a self-reliant and helpful spirit, and after receiving a good edu
cation she engaged in various occupations in New England and the
West. She was living in Concord at the time the war broke out.
Miss Abbott in the New England Magazine for June, 1895, pays this
tribute to her distinguished career: " Perhaps Concord's most valua
ble contribution to the Civil War was Miss Harriet P. Dame, an army
nurse, whose record is without a parallel. For four years and eight
months, from April, 1 86 1 , to Christmas, 1865, Miss Dame cared for
the soldiers, most of the time as field nurse for the Second New
Hampshire Volunteers. She endured all the privations of the troops,
marched and camped with them, being oftentimes the only woman
among a thousand men. She has nursed her 'boys' through small
pox, she has worked all night on the field caring for the wounded, and
she has buried the dead. In her eighty-first year she is still at her
post in the Treasury Department at Washington, where she has been
for the last quarter of a century. A woman absolutely free from selfseeking, she has earned the gratitude of all who know her, and she
cares little for any other reward."
HARRIET P. DAME.
83
�—
—.
�MRS. SOPHIA ORNE JOHNSON, better known as "Daisy
Eyebright," for many years a resident of Bath, was born at
Springfield, Mass., June 1, 1826. Her parents were Elisha and
Eunice (Lombard) Edwards. She was educated at Prof. William
Wells' school at Cambridge, Mass., and early in life showed a great
fondness for literature. In November, 1847, she married Col. James H.
Johnson, of Bath, N. H., who was a member of the twenty-ninth and
thirtieth congresses. She met much fine society in Washington at that
time. In 1869 a severe freshet in northern New Hampshire carried
away in ten minutes all the lumber mills of Colonel Johnson, destroying
his chief income. Mrs. Johnson began to write for the Springfield
(Mass.) Republican, the Country Gentleman, Albany, N. Y., and the
New England Farmer, Boston, Mass. In 1871 she began a serial,
" Daisy Eyebright's Journal," for the Country Gentleman, which ran
sixteen months. In July, 1872, Mrs. Johnson joined a press party
going across the continent. In this way she became connected with
many new papers, the Prairie Farmer of Chicago, the Horticulturist,
Hearth and Home, Independent and Tribune of New York city, and the
Saturday Evening Journal, of Philadelphia. For the Prairie Farmer
she wrote a serial, " Letters of Sophie Homespun," and for the Country
Gentleman, " Horace and I." The year after her return from San Fran
cisco, she earned $1,200 by her pen, which was of great help in educat
ing her children. In 1873 she joined another press party, visiting the
Mammoth cave and Pike's Peak, and in 1889 she again visited Colo
rado. She has written thousands of newspaper articles, and her pub
lished books are " Every Woman Her Own Flower Gardener," " Hints
Upon Etiquette" (Putnam's), and "Hints for the Household." She
wrote nearly half of " Window Gardening," edited by Henry T.
Williams.
.
I
SOPHIA ORNE JOHNSON.
85
��JULIA KNOWLTON is the maiden name of one of Boston's noblest
women, born in Deerfield, Aug. 25, 1829, near the birthplace of
Benjamin F. Butler. She has a rare heritage indeed, for upon
Bunker Hill monument are inscribed the names of two ancestors, her
grandfather, Thomas Knowlton, and her maternal great grandfather,
Gen. Nathaniel Dearborn, the friend and comrade of General Washing
ton. Her parents, Joseph and Susan (Dearborn) Knowlton, are now
deceased. Her early life was spent in Concord and Manchester, and
her education was obtained in private schools. She was a pupil in the
boarding school of Miss Ela, and later in the New Hampton Institute,
where she was graduated at eighteen. For a year she taught lan
guages and mathematics in Manchester, and then " met her fate " in
the person of Micah Dyer, Jr., a young Boston lawyer, whom she mar
ried in May, 1 8 5 1 , and with whom she has led a most happy life. For
nearly forty years they have occupied a fine old estate in Dorchester.
Three children have blessed their home, one, a daughter, dying at an
early age. Two sons survive, one a physician, Dr. Willard Knowlton
Dyer, the other, Walter Richardson Dyer, follows his father's profes
sion and resides with his young wife at the home of his parents. Mrs.
Dyer's domestic life is beautiful, yet she finds time to shed her kind
ness in other homes in various ways. She is a club woman, belonging
to more than a score of organizations, charitable or literary. She is
best known for her w ork for the Soldiers' Home, as organizer and presi
dent of the Ladies' Aid Association, though the Charity Club is among
her favorite organizations. She is a member of the Castilian club, the
Educational and Industrial Union, Helping Hand society. New Hampton
Institute association, the Wintergreen club, the Daughters of the Rev
olution, and first vice president of the New Hampshire's Daughters.
She has fine literary ability, and a wonderful command of language.
Everybody loves her and everybody trusts her.
MRS. MICAH DYER, JR.
87
��AMONG the women of New Hampshire whose lives and charac
ters are deserving of remembrance and a place in the memorial
annals of the state was Alvina Barney, wife of Colonel M. V. B.
Edgerly. Mrs. Edgerly was descended from two of the oldest and best
known families in the state—the Barneys and Prescotts—and was the
daughter of Jedediah Barney and Eliza Prescott. She was born in
Grafton in February, 1834. Her marriage to Colonel Edgerly took
place in March, 1854, and her home was in New Hampshire until
1 88 1, when the family removed to Boston; in 1885 they went to
Springfield, Mass., which was her home up to the time of her death.
This occurred June 9, 1894, at the summer home of the family at
Beverly Farms, Mass. Mrs. Edgerly was a woman of notable charac
ter and refinement, and of sweet and patient disposition. These attri
butes were strikingly exemplified in her cheerful endurance of an illness
which covered nearly fifteen years of her life, and finally brought it to a
close. Although restricted, from this cause, in her social life, Mrs.
Edgerly had a large circle of friends who delighted in her society and
friendship; she was a woman of fine presence and charming conversa
tional gifts, a wide general reader, and a thoughtful critic of literature
and of passing events, and her intelligent criticisms and comments were
most entertaining and instructive. She was a devoted member of the
Episcopal church for many years, and it may be truthfully said that her
life was a conscientious striving after a religious ideal which was well
nigh attained. Mrs. Edgerly left, besides her husband (since de
ceased) a son and daughter, Clinton J. Edgerly and Miss Mabel C.
Edgerly.
MRS. M. V. B. EDGERLY.
89
��THE power of expression, in voice and movement, is one of
Nature's greatest gifts to man, and upon the proper development
and culture of that power depends in large measure his usefulness and
influence in the world at large. The competent and faithful teacher of
elocution and physical culture in our institutions of public instruction,
fills, therefore, a position of no small importance. Among the most
eminent of this class is Mrs. Emma Manning Huntley, daughter of
Isaac and Harriet (Chapin) Manning, who was born in the city of
Nashua, Sept. 7, 185 1. Her great-great-grandparents on her mother's
side were James and Mary (Gibson) McColley. who were the first white
children born in the town of Hillsborough, N. H., and to whom the
Governor of the state gave the tract of land which is now Hillsborough
Bridge, upon condition that they would marry. Their parents were
among the first Scotch- Irish settlers of Londonderry, N. H. Her
grandmother on her father's side was Mary Miller of Portsmouth, a
descendant of Governor Wentworth. Mrs. Huntley received her early
education in the Nashua public schools and the Nashua Literary Institute.
She began study of elocution in Boston in January, 1877, and since then
has devoted her whole time to reading and the teaching of elocution
and physical training, and was for several years well known in New
England as a public reader of well merited popularity. At present she
is teacher of these branches of study in the Lowell High School,
Rogers Hall School for Young Ladies, Lowell, Mass., and at Mitchell's
Boys' School, Billerica, Mass. Prior to this she had charge of these
special branches in the public schools of Nashua. She also devotes
considerable time to private pupils. She is an active member of the
National Association of Elocutionists, the American Association for
the Advancement of Physical Education, and the Middlesex Women's
Club of Lowell, Mass.
��THE village of Loudon, near Concord, is the birth-place of Miss
McCutcheon, her parents being Moses and Mary (Stevens)
McCutcheon, the former dying in 1882, while the latter survives at the
age of seventy-seven. She was educated at the "Home School" in
Hanover, Penacook academy, New London academy, of which her
uncle, General Luther McCutcheon, was for many years a trustee, and
Abbot academy, Andover, Mass., from which she graduated with high
honors in 1882. After a year of travel came a year of teaching in the
Gilmanton academy, of which her brother was preceptor, followed by
three years as teacher and preceptress at Kimball Union academy. In
1886 she went to New York and to Florida, where she remained until
1 891, when with her aged mother and brother she removed to Charlestown, where she still resides, occupying a substantial home in Dexter
Row, which they purchased at the time. Miss McCutcheon is regarded
as one of the brightest and most energetic young women of the Bunker
Hill city. The Norumbega club, an organization of phenomenal growth
and high standing in the Federation, was formed largely through her
efforts. She is a charter member and its president, being one of the
youngest to hold so prominent a position in club circles. She is an
active memberof New Hampshire's Daughters, corresponding secretary
of the Abbot Academy club, and interested in the All Around club of
Charlestown, and the Daughters of the American Revolution, her
paternal great grandfather, Frederick McCutcheon, being one of the
nineteen with Stark at Bennington. The family home in Dexter Row
is a center for all interests affecting the social and literary welfare of the
women of the community. Miss McCutcheon is aided greatly in hos
pitality by her mother, who still interests herself in all the questions of
the day. Mr. McCutcheon, who is treasurer of the highly exclusive
Charlestown club, aids his sister in her work, and finely supplements
the genuine hospitality of this transplanted New Hampshire family.
ABBIE J. McCUTCHEON.
93
��AMONG the successful teachers of New Hampshire Elizabeth
McDougall, a native of Goffstown, daughter of William and Lydia
(Gregg) McDougall, will be kindly remembered by the many who have
enjoyed her instructions. A true daughter of New Hampshire, she
received all her mental training in the public school and academy in
her native state. She entered the Literary Institute and Gymnasium
at Pembroke, at an early age, and was graduated with honors as a
thorough scholar and versatile essayist. Soon after, she was elected
principal of the female department of that institution, and entering
upon her work with an enthusiasm that could not fail of success and
with methods that were new and efficient, she brought the school to
a high degree of excellence. Health failing, she was obliged to give
up her chosen work but, not content with a quiet life, made a new
business for herself along mercantile lines at St. Johnsbury, Vt.,
where, by her rare business acumen, after a few years of prosperous
activity she acquired a competence. Manchester is now her home and
she enjoys her retirement in study and in keeping up her interest in
educational and literary matters. She has been all her life a close
student of social, political, and religious questions, and with a knowl
edge of history rarely equalled, she is a just critic of the various move
ments of to-day, and good authority upon their final results. Miss
McDougall is a person of vigorous intellect, great perseverance,
unaffected dignity, and native refinement. She is a kind friend, a
generous patron of good works, and a most womanly woman. She
is an appreciated member of the Manchester Shakespeare club, having
been director of its literary work for several years.
ELIZABETH McDOUGALL.
��MARY C. F. TUTTLE, wife of ex-Governor Hiram A. Tuttle
of Pittsrield, was a daughter of the late John L. French, Esq.,
and Mary B. M. French. She was born in the town of Loudon but
removed with her parents at an early age to Pittsfield, and was edu
cated at the Pittsfield Academy. She married Mr. Tuttle in March,
1859. They have one daughter, Harriet French, wife of Frederic
K. Folsom of Dorchester, Mass. Mrs. Tuttle is a true and womanly
woman, a devoted wife and mother, a worthy daughter of the old
Granite State and a member of the New Hampshire Daughters' Club
of Boston.
MRS. HIRAM A. TUTTLE.
97
��THE REVEREND MARY BAKER EDDY, discoverer and
founder of Christian Science, was the daughter of Mark and
Abigail B. Baker. Attending the old Academy at Sanbornton, at six
teen years of age she began a successful literary career. Her "Science
and Health with Key to the Scriptures," is the text-book of Christian
Science, now in its ninety-seventh edition. A distinguished LL. D.
writes : —"The author of ' Science and Health ' wields more power with
her pen than any other writer at this period." She is also the author
of "Retrospection and Introspection," "Pulpit and Press," "Christ
and Christmas," "Unity of Good," " Rudimental Divine Science,"
"No and Yes," "Christian Healing," and other works. Mrs. Eddy's
system is based on the Scriptures, her life consecrated to God and
humanity, rigidly eschewing whatever lures therefrom. Her interpreta
tion of Scriptures being more spiritual than is common to the age, met
with strenuous 6pposition, but she has maintained throughout an
exalted Christian character, laboring only for the upbuilding of a full
and perfect religion. As a practitioner, demonstrating her pathological
system, she did marvellous cures. She began teaching Christian Sci
ence in 1867 ; in 1878 accepted a call to the Baptist Tabernacle Pulpit,
Boston; in 1881 she opened and was president of the Massachusetts
Metaphysical college, Boston ; was founder and pastor of the First
Church of Christ, Scientist, Boston ; founder and president of the first
Christian Scientist Association ; publisher of her own works ; editor
and proprietor of the Christian Science Journal. In 1889 she donated
to the Boston Church a building lot worth $40,000.
In 1895 this
church has 5.000 members, and a magnificent edifice, a TESTIMONIAL
to Rev. Mary Baker Eddy, costing over 8250,000. She owns a mansion
on Commonwealth Ave., Boston; in Roslindale a house and two acres
handsomely ornamented; in Concord, N. H., "Pleasant View," a
house with thirty-six acres, overlooking her birthplace.
REV. MARY BAKER EDDY, AT 66.
99
��THE beautiful town of Newington, near Portsmouth by the sea, is
the birthplace of Fannie Packard Hoyt, the well-known violinist.
Miss Hoyt was born May 20, 1869, and is the daughter of Joseph S.
and Martha Hoyt. When a child she one day came across an old vio
lin and became so fascinated with its strings that an overpowering
desire came over her to master the instrument, which she did by ear,
and later under competent instruction. Her first teacher was Mr.
Henry Harlow, of Portsmouth, and before twelve years of age she
made her debut, in Music Hall in that city. At thirteen she went to
Boston, entered the Boston Conservatory, then under the direction of
the late Julius Eichberg, and later continued her studies with the wellknown violin virtuoso, Bernard Listemann. This was supplemented
by a course with Herr C. M. Loeffler. Miss Hoyt developed her musi
cal ability rapidly, and for some years has acted in the capacity of
teacher, although studying faithfully, all the while, toward perfection.
For five successive summers she led the orchestra at the Isles of
Shoals, a portion of whose members were of the male sex. During
the season of 1893 Miss Hoyt filled an engagement at Lakeview dur
ing the Chautauqua assembly, and in the summer of 1894, she organ
ized an orchestra and played with great success at Sorrento, Me., the
rival resort to Bar Harbor. While at this place she had many private
pupils, and was much in demand. She is noted beyond the limits of
New England, and fills many engagements for concert work in New
York. In person she is quite tall, and has a thoroughly honest, intelli
gent face, with fine, expressive eyes, and the sensitive mouth and chin
so often characterizing musicians. She has a cheery nature and has a
happy faculty of making and holding her friends. Miss Hoyt is a
cousin to Mrs. Phcebe Jenks, Boston's eminent artist—a native of
Portsmouth.
101
��MORGIA PORTER WILSON.
PROMINENT among the song birds of the Granite state, is Morgia
Porter Wilson of Laconia. Her voice was noted in childhood for
remarkable beauty of tone and timbre. Before she was sixteen she sang
leading roles in operettas, and soon began a remunerative career as a
choir singer in Concord, Manchester, and Lawrence, which continued
until her marriage. At twenty-two she accompanied John W. Hutchin
son, of the famous Hutchinson family, an uncle by marriage, on a con
cert tour, at which time her voice attracted the attention of the late
John B. Gough, who manifested a strong interest in her. Through
his assistance she began study in Boston under Mrs. J. H. Long. She
made rapid progress in her art, and at the expiration of a year engaged
for a season with Father Kemp's Old Folks' Company. Subsequently
she resumed her studies with Mrs. Long, continuing for three years,
and, later on, taking the Rudersdoff method of other teachers, and estab
lishing a high reputation as a concert soloist in New Hampshire and
Massachusetts. She had studied with profit. Carl Zerrahn said of her
that she was one of the most promising singers in New England, there
being no perceptible change of quality in the whole compass of her
voice, which comprised two and a half octaves. Morgia Porter is a
native of Manchester, the daughter of Charles C. P. Porter and Caro
line (Patch) Porter. She married, in 1 373, Mr. Julius E. Wilson,
now the successful manager of the Wardwell Needle Co., in Laconia.
where they have resided for the past nine years. Mrs. Wilson is heard
occasionally in concert, though most of her time is devoted to vocal
teaching. Her annual recital, in which she participates vocally, is a
musical event in the community, anticipated with interest. Her work,
the value of which is attested by the proficiency of her pupils, has been
heartily commended by the New England Conservatory of Music. Mrs.
Wilson blends a cultured and intellectual mind with a most gracious
and charming personality.
��MRS. ANNIS (;. MARSHALL.
ANNIS GAGE, daughter of Solomon and Dolly (Chase) Gage,
was born in Bedford, August i, 1832. She received her educa
tion in the district school and the institutes at Nashua and Reed's
Ferry, and was for some time successfully engaged in teaching, until
her marriage, January 23. 1853. with Enoch P. Marshall of Dunbarton, which town was subsequently her home until after Mr. Marshall's
decease, in September, 1891. Of an active temperament, and en
dowed with strong mental powers, she realized thoroughly the social
and intellectual limitations of life in our farming communities, especi
ally so far as woman is concerned, and when the Grange movement
began to be developed in the state, she was among the first to realize
its importance, and the advantages which it offered her sex in com
mon with the other. She became a charter member of Stark grange,
of Dunbarton, organized in 1874, and was ever a devoted laborer for
the success of the organization, and the order at large, serving seven
years, altogether, as lecturer, and occupying other official positions.
An earnest and eloquent speaker, gifted also with poetic talent of no
mean order, she has often been heard effectively, not only in grange
gatherings, public as well as private, but at general agricultural
meetings, in addresses and poems. The cause of temperance, also,
has ever found in her an ardent friend and champion, and at all
proper times and occasions she has spoken freely and forcibly in its
interest; yet never neglecting, in the slightest degree, the paramount
duty of wife and mother. In 1892, after her husband's decease,
she removed to the beautiful village of Milford, where, in a cosy cot
tage, with attractive surroundings, and a beautiful outlook, her home
is now established in companionship with her daughter Jessie, a
teacher in the Milford schools. Lydia. another daughter, for a time
engaged in departmental work in Washington, is now a teacher in that
city, while Bertha, the third, is the wife of L. (). Goodhue of Bow.
��T T TOMAN long ago won recognition in the domains of literature
V V and education, and in certain professional lines had competed
successfully with man ; but, until recently, had not demonstrated
capacity for success in the business world. Of late there has been a
tendency among American women to engage in business lines, and
they have furnished therein many notable examples of successful
work. Among those in New Hampshire who have succeeded in
this direction is Elizabeth Kilburn, wife of Daniel C. Remich, and
daughter of B. 'vV. Kilburn of Littleton, the noted landscape photogra
pher, and leading American manufacturer of stereoscopic views. A
descendant of John Kilburn, the pioneer settler of Walpole, whose
heroic defence of his home against four hundred savages during the
incursion of the Canadian Indians in 1755 made the name immortal,
she inherited the energetic and self-reliant spirit of her ancestry, and,
on the completion of her school course, instead of devoting herself
mainly to fashionable hfe and social pleasures, she chose to direct her
attention to the increasing demands of her father\s business, in which
she had ever taken interest, and was soon able to assume full oversight
of the departments of manufacture and sale, in the management of
which she has developed large business sagacity, while her taste and
judgment have proven of constantly increasing value with reference to
new plans and lines of work. Meanwhile she has neglected none of
the just demands of society or the claims of humanity. She is at home
in the drawing room, the literary circle, or in private and organized
charitable work. She is a trustee of the Littleton Public Library,
actively interested in church as well as educational affairs, enters heart
ily into her father's plans for beautifying the town and promoting
the comfort and enjoyment of the people, is in full sympathy with her
husband in his reform work and other activities, and neglects no move
ment in the community where her power for good may be exercised.
MRS. DANIEL C. REMICH.
1 07
��IN the annals of American patriotism, no name shines more brightly
than that of New Hampshire's gallant son, John Stark, and among
the representative women of the Granite State to-day there is none
more worthy of regard than Elizabeth Page Stark, great-granddaugh
ter of the hero of Bunker Hill and Bennington, who was born and
has ever lived on the old Stark homestead in Manchester, over-looking
the valley of the Merrimack, where five generations have lived and died
whose remains now repose in the family burial place in " Stark Park"
close at hand. Here was the dwelling-place of the brave old soldier,
of his son, John Stark, 2d, his grandson, John Stark, 3d, father of
Miss Stark, whose wife was Sarah Fletcher Pollard, daughter of
Thomas Pollard, all now passed "over the river;" and here the
great-granddaughter now presides, and has for years past, with true
womanly dignity in this old mansion, which must ever be regarded as
one of the sacred shrines of American liberty, filled as it is with relics
and mementoes of the Revolutionary period and of him who was a
leader in the "days that tried men's souls." Miss Stark is a member
of Grace Episcopal Church of Manchester. She is also a member of
the King's Daughters, of the Woman's Relief Corps, the N. H. His
torical Society, the Colonial Dames, and vice-president of the society
of the Daughters of the American Revolution, in all of which organi
zations she takes a deep interest. She greets with cordial welcome all
who care to visit her home and its historic treasures, and worthily
wears the honored name of Stark.
ELIZABETH PAGE STARK.
1 09
��MINNIE EDWARDS ATWOOD unquestionably stands as the
representative lady embalmer of New Hampshire, being the
first to receive a diploma from the " United States School of Embalm
ing'' under the tuition of Professor A. Renouard, who for many years
llas been acknowledged as the leading demonstrator of this science.
He writes of Mrs. Atwood, " I found her an able, intelligent, and
refined lady, of keen perceptions and clear reasoning faculties." For
six years she has unflinchingly shared the duties of her husband, Wil
liam H. Atwood, a progressive funeral director of Lisbon. As a con
tributor to the undertaking journals she labors for the higher education
of the fraternity, believing it the only means whereby an honorable pro
fession can be established for those engaged in the sacred and impor
tant work of caring for the dead; that they should be compelled to
prove by examination and registration that they are competent to
preserve dead bodies from decay and protect the living from infection ;
that good moral character, refinement, and culture are as necessary for
those who must enter the home under such peculiar and close relations,
as for the physician. Also that it is only fitting and proper for a
woman to attend the bodies of women and children. In order to make
herself a peer of any of the opposite sex in her profession, she
matriculated at the College of Physicians and Surgeons at Boston for a
special course in anatomy. Mrs. Atwood is the only daughter of George
Kinsman Edwards and Harriet Kinsman (Howland) Edwards, and
was born in East Landaff (now Easton) at the base of Mount Kins
man, a peak of the Franconia Range, which took its name from Nathan
Kinsman, her great-great grandfather. Here amid the uplifting, soul
stirring grandeur of New Hampshire's natural scenery has this family
lived for five generations, until they may perchance have imbibed some
of the characteristics of the old granite hills, so dear to the subject of
this sketch whose passionate love of nature is intensely developed.
MINNIE EDWARDS ATVVOOD.
11l
��SOPHIA DODGE HALL, daughter of Jonathan and Sarah (Han
son) Dodge, was born in Rochester, N. H., where her early Hie
was passed. She was educated in the public schools of Boston and at
Abbott Academy, Andover, Mass. In January, 1877, she married
Hon. Daniel Hall of Dover, where she has since resided. In February,
1890, Mrs. Hall was elected department president of the New Hamp
shire Woman's Relief Corps, which trust she discharged with fidelity
and success. During her administration the Soldiers' Home at Tilton
was built, and under her supervision was furnished by money con
tributed by the Woman's Relief Corps throughout the state. This
work was performed with marked energy, zeal, and executive ability.
In June, 1890, Mrs. Hall was appointed one of the Board of Lady
Managers of the World's Columbian Exposition, and to this position
brought unusual enthusiasm and intellectual grasp. She was also
made chairman of woman's work in New Hampshire, in which capacity
she collected many interesting specimens of women's work, which were
displayed in the Woman's Building. Every one who visited the New
Hampshire house will recall the attractive colonial relics and articles
of historic interest, all of which were secured by her after much effort,
and always by pledges of personal responsibility. In 1895 she was
appointed by Governor Busiel a member of the Woman's Board for
the Atlanta Exposition. Mrs. Hall has one son, Arthur Wellesley
Hall, born in 1878. She presides over a well-ordered home, and is
generous, sympathetic, public spirited, and progressive, a woman who
counts no endeavor too arduous if it is for the betterment of her family,
city, state, or country.
MRS. DANIEL HALL.
��MISS ELLA LOUISE KNOWLES, the noted lawyer of Mon
tana, was born at Northwood in 1860. Her parents were
David and Louisa (Bigelow) Knowles. Her father is still living at the
old homestead on land occupied by the family for one hundred and
twenty years. Miss Knowles was educated at the district school and
by her mother, a cultivated and accomplished woman, who died when
her daughter was fourteen. At fifteen she graduated from Northwood
Seminary, and at sixteen from the N. H. State Normal School. She
fitted for college while teaching country schools, and in 1884 was
graduated from Bates college with high honors. She paid for her en
tire education by teaching and other work. In 1884 she began read
ing law with Burnham & Brown of Manchester, but her health being
poor she was advised to go West. In the territorial legislature of
1888-'8o, she introduced a bill to permit women to practise law in Mon
tana, which was passed after strong opposition. On Dec. 28, 1889,
she was admitted to practice before the supreme court of Montana.
In April, 1890, she was admitted to practice before the U. S. District
and Circuit Courts. June 15, 1892, she was nominated for attorneygeneral of Montana by the Populist party. She made a strong can
vass, but was defeated by the Republican candidate, Hon. H. J. Has
kell, who in February, 1893, appointed her assistant attorney-gen
eral. She appears in most of the state cases, but continues her exten
sive private practice. She has been employed in mining cases where
millions of dollars were involved, and in October, 1893, she appeared
before the Department of the Interior at Washington as state attorney
in a case involving Montana school lands valued at over $200,000
which she won. She has a large and lucrative civil and criminal prac
tice. She is the only woman lawyer in Montana, but by her ability and
dignity of character she has won an enviable position, not only in the
state, but the country.
��L. AGNESE MOULTON.
MANY leading spirits in the world of human endeavor have had
their birthplace in Northern New Hampshire. Among
those worthy of special mention is L. Agnese Moulton, of Leadville,
Col., a native of the town of Lyman, daughter of William and
Maria (Stephens) Little, born January 4, 1845. She was educated in
the public school and at Newbury (Vt.) Seminary ; married James M.
Moulton. November 10, 1866, and resided in Boston, Mass., till 1875,
when she removed to Des Moines, Iowa. During the great "rush"
for the mining regions, in 1879, she went to Leadville, the greatest
mining camp in the world, where she has since resided, and where she
immediately entered upon what has proved a most successful business
career, engaging as a broker in real estate and mining stocks, in com
pany with Caryoline Finch from New York. It was an unusual line for
women to pursue, at that time, but courage and persistency won them
favorable recognition at an early day, and substantial results have fol
lowed. Mrs. Moulton is a member of the "Association for the Ad
vancement of Women," the "Women's American Protective Asso
ciation" (having been president of the Leadville Council), "The
Patriotic Order Daughters of America," " The Hermetic Brotherhood
of Luxor," and the " Colorado Woman's Suffrage League." She points
with no little pride to her efforts in behalf of the cause of woman suf
frage in Colorado, and received a measure of recognition in the first
nomination for the legislature accorded a woman by the Republican
party of the state, failing of an election only because her party in Lake
county was outvoted by the Populists. Mrs. Moulton is a ready
writer and forcible speaker and her public addresses have commanded
attention and commendation. Her highest aspiration is to be identified
with the progressive and reform movements of the age, especially for
the advancement of woman.
��MARY ISABEL GREELEY, daughter of Samuel P. and Mary
Wheeler Greeley, is a native of Manchester, but most of her
life was spent in Concord, from whose High school she graduated, and
where she was interested in musical and literary lines, her taste in the
latter direction being inherited from her mother. Miss Greeley is a
very unassuming woman, with a remarkably sweet disposition, a great
lover of nature, and a fondness for study. Her public life began with
her appointment as commissioner from New Hampshire to the New
Orleans Exposition in 1884. by Governor Hale. Mrs. Julia Ward
Howe, President of the Woman's Department, writing of her says :
My acquaintance with Miss Isabel Greeley dated from the autumn of
1884. She passed the winter with me in New Orleans. From the
first I had been impressed with Miss Greeley's intelligence and
efficiency. She soon became both secretary and treasurer of the wom
an's department, and I can only speak of her services as invaluable.
As a secretary she was prompt and exact, and her minutes never stood
in need of correction. As a treasurer her work was no less satisfac
tory. In addition to the duties of her two-fold office she exercised a
general supervision over the various exhibits comprised in our depart
ment. Although careful and exact in all her dealings she was always
patient and never gave offense by any inconsiderate or ungracious word.
Later, she compiled the detailed report of the department, which was
published. In 1886 she accepted the position of matron to the Kin
dergarten for the Blind at Jamaica Plain, the first of the kind estab
lished in this country. She still remains at the head of this institution,
in which she has endeared herself to children and teachers by her
affectionate care for all under her charge. Miss Greeley has the rare
gift of not only enjoying her work, but of making it pleasant for her
associates to work with and under her, while a deep interest in the wel
fare of others goes with her through all the varied ways of life.
MARY ISABEL GREELEY.
119
t
��SARAH S. BEAN, daughter of Joshua and Mary L Rean, was born
in Salisbury, March 30, 1828. When she was six months old
the family removed from Salisbury and established their home in
Woodstock, Vt. Her parents were musical people, her mother being
noted as a " counter " singer (which means an octave above the present
alto). She also evinced great aptitude for music, and was a singer
from childhood. At the age of eighteen she went to Manchester, where
she has ever since had her home, becoming the wife of William Rey
nolds of that city in January, 1849. In 1 8 5 2 she began musical cul
ture with Prof. George Wood of Concord. Subsequently she studied
with Prof. Kreissman of Boston, and later with Prof. J.J. Kimball.
Before and after the commencement of her musical studies she sang in
different churches in Manchester, particularly at the Unitarian church,
with which she was identified. She also sang for five years at the First
Baptist church in Concord. Aside from this she sang extensively in
concerts and conventions until 1875. In 1876 she commenced the
study of elocution in a class of six, often called, by friends, the " Im
mortal Six." September 22, 1877, her husband died at Magnolia-bythe-Sea. In November, 1879, the "Immortal Six," desiring to read
and study Shakespeare, joined unto themselves six other kindred
spirits and organized the "Shakespeare Club." This organization, of
which Mrs. Reynolds was the first president, was the first Shakespeare
club of Manchester, and the first woman's club of any kind maintaining
a continuous organization in that city up to the present time. She re
mained actively identified with the club until 1891, since when she has
been an honorary member. In 1886 she began the study of Christian
Science, but remained in the Unitarian Society until February. 1891,
having been superintendent of its Sunday school the previous year.
Her reason for giving up church and club, which had formerly been so
dear to her, was that Christian Science had become dearer than all else.
MRS. SARAH S. REYNOLDS.
12 1
��FEW young women in New Hampshire or the country have made
a record in scholarship equal to that of Florence Runnells, eldest
daughter of Daniel F. and Sarah Farley Runnells of Nashua. Born in
that city, March 20, 1863, she attended the public schools, passing
over the intermediate grades from the primary to the fourth grammar,
entering the high school at twelve years of age and graduating at
sixteen, the valedictorian of the class and receiving the Noyes medal
for highest record in scholarship and deportment for the four years'
course. She entered Wellesley college, upon examination, with the
class of 1879, being the first Nashua student at that institution, and
completed the classical course, graduating B. A. in June, 1883, at
twenty years of age. During her thirteen years of school attendance,
she never missed a recitation, nor was she once absent or tardy-—
thanks to an active mind, good health, and a vigorous constitution.
For two years after graduation she studied vocal music in Boston
and the French language at home, with private tutors. Subsequently
for three years she taught classes in Greek, French, history, and
literature in the Nashua high school, and assisted private pupils in
fitting for college. July 18, 1888, she married Edward F. Bryant,
a native of Woburn, Mass., manager of the Pullman Loan and Savings
bank at Pullman, 111., a suburb of Chicago, where she has since resided.
While in Nashua she was prominent in society and in charitable work,
and was an active member of the well-known literary organization, the
" Fortnightly Club," of which she was also a secretary for several years.
Her interest in these lines is continued in her present home where she
is a member of the Chicago Wellesley club. Inter-collegiate Alumnae
association, and the History and Art club of Pullman, and is also a
member of the Plymouth Congregational church of Chicago —Dr. F. W.
Gunsaulus, pastor,—and interested in its charitable and benevolent
work. She has two children, Donald Runnells and Dorothea Frances.
��MRS. MARY J. BRADFORD.
AMONG the successful business women of the country no one has
a more honorable record than Mrs. Mary J. Bradford of Clare
mont, who, though not a native of New Hampshire, has resided here
since childhood. She was born in Hartford, Vt., March 12, 1843,
removing with her parents, William and Irene French, to Claremont,
in 1856, where she attended the village schools. Subsequently the
family removed for a time to Ashburnham, Mass., where she met and
married Rufus Choate Bradford, himself a native of the Granite State.
Immediately after the marriage they returned to Claremont and estab
lished themselves in the old home on Sullivan street, where she has
ever since resided, and where her aged mother also lives. After the
death of her youngest son, Mrs. Bradford's health failed, and, being
advised to keep out of doors as much as possible, and being also
ambitious and industrious, she commenced, in a small way, the manu
facture of extracts and perfumes, disposing of the same to the public,
until, from a small beginning, and with improving health, she estab
lished a large, lucrative, and constantly increasing business, her goods
being superfine and unrivalled. In 1883 she originated a process for
making extracts from fruits instead of oils, thus securing for her pro
ductions the first place in the markets. Her husband, and eldest son,
Fred W. R. Bradford, are now joined with her in business. In 1887
Mrs. Bradford exhibited her goods at the Mechanics' Fair in Boston,
receiving a silver medal and diploma. In 1890 a gold medal and
another diploma were awarded her. The tasty display which she
makes at state fairs, and the courteous attention given all interested
visitors, is an attractive feature of the exhibitions. She has a large
manufactory in Claremont, with a Boston office at 156 State street.
Mrs. Bradford has one daughter, Minnie Bell, a graceful and talented
girl of twenty. She is herself of refined and modest bearing, and is
highly respected in business circles throughout New England.
��MARY A. (POWERS) FILLEY.
MARY ANN, daughter of Jonathan and Anna Kendall Powers,
was born in Bristol, December 12. 1821. Her earliest recol
lections are of the falling waters of Newfound river, and rugged Ken
dall hill, her grandfather's home, in Hebron. In her early childhood
the family removed to Lansingburg, N. Y., where her mother died
when she was eleven years of age, leaving six little children, and she,
being the eldest daughter, filled, for a time, a mother's place. Later
she went to reside with Mrs. Deborah Powers, an aunt; but soon, im
pelled by a desire for independence, she went to Newark. N. J., to
learn tailoring. Becoming proficient, she returned to Lansingburg.
where she was engaged until her marriage, in 1851, with Edward A.
Filley, a native of that city, then a prosperous merchant of St. Louis.
Mo., where they made their home, (though coming to New England
lor the summer,) and where a son and two daughters were born.
Living a quiet life, though in full sympathy with the reform movements
of the day, Mrs. Filley felt no call to work in them until the fall of
1872, when the passage of a bill legalizing houses of prostitution,
aroused the spirit of womanly indignation, and, with other prominent
women of St. Louis, inspired by a desire to save their city and their
sons from resulting disgrace, she labored with voice and pen until the
repeal of the law was secured. Espousing the cause of woman's suf
frage, she has also labored in its interest, going once before the United
States Senate committee, with Susan B. Anthony and others, to urge
the enfranchisement of women. Temperance, and the higher moral
life have been subjects ever near her heart, and earnestly discussed in
the New England home which she bought in 1880, in the town of
Haverhill, where, for many years, she has resided, caring for the large
farm, yet taking due interest in every movement for the betterment
and uplifting of her townspeople, of womankind, and of the world
at large, and rejoicing in the progress that is made.
��1 ''MILIE GRANT has been a favorite name in musical circles for
X_-/ many years. A native of Nashua, Miss Grant spent her childhood
in Rhode Island, but returned to her birthplace at the age of eleven.
She had a natural ear for music and played the piano intuitively. She
studied the organ with Eugene Thayer and George Whiting, now of
the Church of the Immaculate Conception, in Boston. Meanwhile
her education in other directions was completed at Stanwix Seminary,
Rome, N. Y. In December, 1870, she went abroad, remaining tourteen months, studying the organ in Berlin, with the noted August
Haupt, and piano with Robert Radecke, director of the Royal Opera ;
later with Mademoiselle Schiller and Carl Baerman. She had before
been pianist of the Nashua Choral Union, and continued after her re
turn, serving in that capacity at the second great "Peace Jubilee" in
Boston, as she had previously done at the first. She was the pianist
of the celebrated "Orpheus Club" of Nashua during its entire
existence, and was for several years organist at different churches in
that city. Removing to Boston she has filled extended engagements
at prominent churches, including the Dudley St. Baptist and Union
Congregational, Columbus Avenue; but for some years past has
been organist at Berkeley Temple. Meanwhile she has continuouslv
and successfully given instruction upon piano and organ, both in
Nashua and Boston. She excels as an accompanist, and has marvel
ous power in reading and mastering the most difficult music at sight.
This was demonstrated in a notable manner, when, in February, 1892,
she substituted for Arthur Nikisch, director of the Boston Symphony
Orchestra, at the presentation of Brahm's great historical cyclus,
" Zigeunerlieder," for which weeks of preparation had been made,
being called in at the last moment through his sudden illness and
winning a brilliant triumph. In November, 1894, Miss Grant was
united in marriage with Mr. George Ware Wilkinson of Boston.
EMILIE GRANT WILKINSON.
1 29
��MRS. JOHN F. ZEBLEY.
MRS. JOHN F. ZEBLEY, maiden name Nellie Bean, daughter
of Loammi and Sarah Bean, born at Weirs, near beautiful
Lake Winnipiseogee, is one of the old Granite State's most loyal
daughters. After her public school education, she pursued a two years
course at a commercial college in Boston, and has had her home in
New York city since eighteen years of age. She has traveled exten
sively at home and in foreign countries, studying art, of which she is
an enthusiastic devotee, in London, Paris, Berlin, Brussels, Vienna,
Dresden, Munich, Rome, and Venice. She is also an accomplished
linguist, being able to read, write, and speak five different languages.
She is a member of various charitable organizations, and of the socie
ties for the prevention of cruelty to children and to animals. She
married John F. Zebley, a New York banker, at Laconia in 1883.
Her summer home, " Nestledown," Zebley Farm, near Weirs, is noted
far and wide for its tasty surroundings, choice antique furnishings,
and the open hearted hospitality there dispensed. This is the ances
tral farm where her father left his family, when he departed for the
front as a member of the Eighth New Hampshire Volunteers in the
early days of the Rebellion. He was killed at George's Landing, La.,
October 27, 1862. But the old home and the father's memory have
ever been held dear by the daughter, and in honor of the latter she
erected and gave to the Eighth Regiment Association the fine granite
and bronze drinking fountain and soldiers' monument near the railway
station at Weirs, which was dedicated with impressive ceremonies at
the Veterans' reunion in August, 1894. Her mother's memory has
also been duly honored by Mrs. Zebley's presenting an elegant memo
rial window to the M. E. church at Weirs. Mrs. Zebley spends three
months during the heated period each season at her summer home,
and her presence, her hospitality, and her interested public spirit, are
essential factors in the social life and prosperity of the lake region.
��WINNIFRED HELEN
THIS bright brunette is the younger of the very talented daughters
of Mr. John M. and Mrs. Leah (Roberts) Berry of Farmington,
where she was born February 5, 1871. Of excellent New England
ancestry, a quick wit, energy, and an attractive manner, Miss Berry
makes success her willing servant in whatever she undertakes, whether
it be in entertainments for worthy local purposes, in teaching, in crayon
portraiture or landscape sketching, or in quaint and vivid pen-and-ink
miniatures, of a startling likeness to their subjects. Miss Berry was
graduated in her seventeenth year from the Farmington high school and
began teaching in her native town in the autumn of the same year, in
the primary department, filling her position with unusual ability, until,
in the course of time, her merits caused her to be called to Concord,
where she was assigned to the Penacook school building. An advan
tageous summons to Massachusetts led her to relinquish the Concord
school in the course of her first year of residence in that city, and to go
to Watertown, where she finds not alone an habitual success in teach
ing, but also the many opportunities for culture which can be obtained
only in the vicinity of a large city. Thus in her few hours of freedom
from school duties she pursues artistic work under skilled supervision,
and develops her fine gift for portraiture. As a teacher Miss Berry
devotes her talent and experience to little children, making a specialty
of primary work, instead of changing to one or another of different
grades, and this is one of the secrets of her success as an educator. It
need hardly be said that she is regarded with the fondest affection by
her classes and with cordial appreciation by their parents and the
school officers. Possessed of many resources for recreation, Miss
Berry finds music chief of them, and plays the piano with a dramatic
and poetic sense of her subject, which gives exceptional charm to her
rendering of a composer's conception.
��BORN of good old New Hampshire stock, and directly descended
from David, Prince of North England, Mrs. Nathaniel Chase
Locke, of Salem, Mass., is well worthy a place among the representa
tive daughters of the Granite state. She is a daughter of John Thomp
son and Sallie (Lewis) Felch, of Francestown, N. H., born March 1,
1837. The first Felch to come to America, from North Wales, was
Henry, who settled in Gloucester, Mass., in 1641. A son located in
Reading, whence a grandson, Daniel Felch, removed to New Hamp
shire, where his descendants have since resided. Three of her ances
tors served in the Revolution, and another, John Felch, was a soldier
in the War of 181 2. On the maternal side she is also well connected,
the Lewises pf Greenfield, originally from France, being among the
best people of the town. Other ancestors, the Thompsons, were
among the first settlers of Francestown, and cleared the first land.
Miss Felch, though reared on a farm, had good educational advan
tages, finishing at the noted Francestown Academy, where Franklin
Pierce was fitted for college. At the age of twenty-one she was united
in marriage with Nathaniel C. Locke, now head of the Locke Regulator
Company of Salem. They resided for a time in Concord, but subse
quently removed to Salem, which has since been her home. She has
two children, Albert N. and Sarah A. Locke, both talented and accom
plished. Mrs. Locke is a member of the -New Hampshire's Daugh
ters" club of Boston, and the Salem .. Thought and Work" club, and
has held high office in the United Order of the Pilgrim Fathers. She
has a taste for painting, as is indicated in her pleasant home in Salem.
MRS. NATHANIEL C. LOCKE.
��DR. ANNA B. TAYLOR-COLE.
VI / HEN the bead-roll of New Hampshire women who have proven
V V their power to overcome obstacles to accomplish desired
objects, is made up, the name of Anna B. Taylor will be found therein.
Born in northern New Hampshire, passing her girlhood upon a Whitefield farm, she breathed the spirit of self-reliance with the pure moun
tain air. A bright, ambitious girl, the tenth in a family of twelve
children, she longed for educational advantages beyond the limited
scope of the Whitefield schools. Her wish for a broader life was a
prophetic desire, and she made her opportunity. It became possible
for her to attend the Western Massachusetts Normal school. Rather
than accept the aid which would place her under lasting obligations,
she worked for her board during the course and graduated in a dress
which she had worn nearly three years, rather than go into debt for a
new one. Following graduation she taught school three years, then a
crushing sorrow came upon her. Watching long weeks at the bedside
of suffering, at the death of the loved one she passed as it were into
another life, devoted to the relief of human suffering. She studied
medicine at Boston University, meeting her expenses in part by
nursing and hospital work. During her course an attack of diphtheria
left her partially deaf, but, undaunted by the hindrance, she persevered
and graduated with honor in 1884. Settling in Charlestown, she con
tinued her study while awaiting patients, who came not tardily. In
1 890 she removed to Somerville, where she has established an exten
sive practice. Her heart is in her work and her success nobly earned.
In 1894 she married Herbert A. Cole of Somerville and unites a
happy home life with her professional duties. Mrs. Cole is a petite
woman of slender figure, and retiring, gentle manner. Only when her
face is studied is seen the strength of character which has won the
love of friends, the respect of those who disagree with her, and high
rank in her profession.
�4
s
�MRS. MARY FRANCES KNOWLTON
MARY FRANCES, eldest child of William H. and Mary G.
(Hart) Marshall, was born in Hopkinton, November 19, 1837.
In 1840 the family removed to Sutton, where their early beginnings
partook somewhat of the hardships of pioneer life ; but where industry,
energy, and perseverance, the father being a wheelwright and farmer,
soon made for them a comfortable home. Mr. Marshall was a man of
more than ordinary ability, fond of scientific research, and few men in
town were as well informed as he on both scientific and general topics.
Frances, from her first school days, manifested rare application, and
made such progress in her studies, that at the age of fifteen she taught
a private school in the old brick schoolhouse on the hill at the western
outskirt of Sutton village. Her literary efforts, both in prose and
poetry, undertaken solely for the pleasure of neighbors and friends on
occasions of public entertainment, have won for her just commendation.
January 9, 1855, she married James Knowlton of New London, a car
penter and farmer, with whom she is still living, their lengthening
years being cheered by the filial affection which their children have
demonstrated in countless ways. Since her marriage, Mrs. Knowlton"s
time has been fully occupied with domestic affairs, she having reared a
family of eight children. No truer, nobler mother ever lived, and her
self-sacrifice and devotion to her children, her parents, and her friends,
constitute a luminous record to the honor of womanhood. Her chil
dren are: Edgar J., born August 8, 1856, a resident of Manchester,
journalist by profession, four years mayor of that city, and its present
postmaster; George H., a graduate of the Philadelphia College of
Pharmacy, and a successful druggist in the same city ; Nellie G. ; Alice
1i. ; May F. ; Charles R., and Ray F., the latter now fifteen years of age,
and a student at New London Academy. Her fourth child, Wesley
J., an estimable young man, who learned the printers' trade in the
Mirror office at Manchester, died, deeply mourned, in 1890.
��THE youngest daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Joseph Stiles was born
in Strafford Centre, November 25, 1862, and inherits from both
parents the sterling qualities of the pioneers of New England. After
attending the district school and Austin academy she studied through
the course of four years at the Putnam high school in Newburyport,
Mass., where she was graduated in 1881. The two years succeeding
were spent in Farmington teaching, whence Miss Stiles went to the
schools of Merrimac, Mass., remaining until 1888, when on Christmas
day she was married to Mr. Osborne W. Price, formerly of Gilmanton
but then of Farmington, where the home of the happy couple was made
until a short time ago. Their residence is now in Manchester, where
Mr. Price is in business. While a student in school, and when occu
pied in teaching, Mrs. Price studied and taught drawing and painting,
and after her marriage she found opportunity for farther development
of her talent in these pursuits, giving strict attention to the instruction
of excellent masters, and adding to previous accomplishments those of
painting on china, with her own firing, and of practical designing, in
advanced study of which she spent several months in New York before
her removal to Manchester. All her work is characterized by a dis
tinct originality, and a delicate yet spirited conception and execution
in both outline and color, and her charming sketches and exquisite
china have found a ready market, while manufacturers of silk and other
fabrics have seized at once upon her graceful designs, Many favorite
patterns in silkoline, and similar goods all over the country, are of
Mrs. Price's designing, one especially adapted to decorative purposes
being the thistle pattern, and should her health permit of close devo
tion to the work which is her true vocation, laurels will be added with
every year to those already acknowledged as hers by the unquestioned
authority in art. in recognition of her genius and the patient diligence
which alone gives to natural gifts a sphere of usefulness.
MRS. EVANNAH S. PRICE.
141
��MR. MOSES AND MRS. ELIZA (PERKINS) BATES were
among the most notable residents of Great Falls, where on
Sept. 1o, 1847, was born Harriet, the youngest of their talented chil
dren. She was educated in the public schools and by private tuition,
and, showing in childhood a marked talent for music, she was given
careful training in instrumental and vocal branches, one of her teachers
in singing for several years having been Madame Rametti of Boston.
In 1870 Miss Bates married Edgar B. LeGro, a captain in the Second
Regiment, New Hampshire Volunteers, who had served for four years
in the Civil War, and died in 1879. One daughter, Edith Maude,
graduated recently from the Boston University, was the fruit of the
union. On Nov. 10, 1892, Mrs. LeGro married the Hon. Albert A.
Perkins, president of the Great Falls National bank and treasurer of
the Somersworth Savings bank. Mrs. Perkins has been always actively
interested in church work, and has held many responsible positions in
beneficent bodies. She is president of the Strafford County W. C. T. U.,
secretary of the local union, has been a delegate-at-largc to national
conventions of the society, and is president of the Dover District Mis
sionary association, giving the aid of her talents to all good works.
She has kept in touch also with the world of art and literature, and was
for several years a member of the Browning club of Boston. It is in
daily intimacy with people that their characteristics are learned most
thoroughly, for this reason the words of one familiar with the life of
Mrs. Perkins have a special weight: " She was a girl of very sweet dis
position, and became early a Christian. Well known in musical, lit
erary, and philanthropic circles, she has been not less a devoted wife
and mother, and in her late marriage to a man of position and wealth
she finds increased opportunities for usefulness, instead of living in idle
ease. Her chief charm lies not so much in her attractive person as in the
fact that she studies to do good and to make happy every one about her."
M3
�. .
I
�MEN and women without number have won distinction in special
lines of effort ; others, far less numerous, have proven tqual
to all emergencies—masters of every situation—men and women of
affairs in the full sense of the term. In the latter class is Lydia A.,
daughter of Hon. John L. and Lydia (Carlton) Gray, born in China.
Me., who in her 19th year married Albert M. Scott, of Augusta,
where their only child, Hattie Isabelle, was born in 1862. Her
husband joined the Union army, and Mrs. Scott, nothing daunted,
taught school in his absence to support herself and child. After their
removal to Manchester in 1872, where their home has since been, she
continued her contributions to the press, commenced in the Kennebec
Journal, under the editorship of James G. Blaine ; and for five years she
edited the "Fireside" department of the Manchester Union. Long
an active member of the Manchester Shakespeare club, she is, and has
been for the last four years, its president. Deeply interested in the
welfare of the Union soldier, she has been active in Relief Corps work,
was a charter member of Louis Bell Corps, two years member of
department council, twice delegate-at-large in National convention,
chief-of-staff of National President Sarah E. Fuller, and a member of
the National Pensions committee with E. Florence Barker, Kate B.
Sherwood, Mary A. Logan, and Clara Barton, in 1886; but her best
work has been done through individual effort in aiding numberless old
soldiers in securing pensions. For several years Mrs. Scott has been
engaged in business lines, developing a maivellous capacity. She is
now and has been for some time past engaged in the sale of western
real estate. With all her multiplied activities she has met every just
social demand, every requirement of wide and loyal friendship, and
been especially faithful to every form of domestic duty. Her chief
delight is in her four-years old grandson, Edward Scott Swazey, of
Kansas City, an honorary member of the Manchester Shakespeare club.
LYDIA A. SCOTT.
'45
��THE fine farms of Barrington have given to the advancement of
the world some very bright men and women, and a notable one
of the latter is a daughter of Dea. Thomas and Mrs. Susan (Hale)
Hussey. Her studies in the country schools were supplemented by
terms at the New Hampshire Conference Seminary and Gilmanton
Academy in the spring and autumn, the alternating seasons being
occupied by teaching. In 1854 Miss Hussey entered the State Normal
School at Framingham, Mass., from which she graduated in July, 1855.
Following a season of teaching in her native town, she became an
assistant in the Great Falls high school, but resigned her position in
1858, for one more lucrative in Stoneham, Mass., whence she was
called in 1861 to become the first assistant in the high school named,
where she taught with marked success until 1865. After teaching a
select school in her own town, she married in 1866 the Hon. William
D. Knapp, a distinguished lawyer of Somersworth, where she has
since resided. Mrs. Knapp, a member of the Pascataqua Congrega
tional Club, and trained to good deeds from her childhood, has been
prominent in religious work, and in the many avenues by which
women of like mind and culture may aid in the progress of civilization.
The love and admiration of everyone associated with her have been
deservedly hers. From 1885 to 1893-'94, she was president of the
Strafford Conference of the New Hampshire Branch of the Woman's
Board of Missions, and her resignation of the office was received with
the strongest reluctance on the part of the conference. She has been a
frequent contributor of poems and sketches to both secular and religious
papers and magazines, and has delighted readers of her home publica
tion by " Old Time Stories,'' and by reminiscences of the high school.
A history in rhyme, written for the first reunion of alumni of the school
in 1877, was published later in book form. Her literary work is most
refined and charming, in keeping with her whole life and character.
MRS. WILLIAM D. KNAPP.
l47
��THE most popular and successful teacher of music in northern
New Hampshire is Mrs. Hattie M. Q. Bingham, of Littleton.
She is the daughter of William K. and Mary Meserve Quimby, of
Whitefield, and was born in that town October 15, 1864. She was
educated at the Whitefield high school, and studied music— for which
she had a passionate love from childhood—with J. M. Sartwell of
Whitefield, Martha Dana Shepard and B. J. Lang of Boston, Mass.,
received instruction in harmony from Stephen J. Emery of Boston, and
fitted for teacher of vocal music in public schools with Professor Holt
of Boston. She commenced teaching instrumental music in Whitefield
sixteen years ago, and continued until her marriage with Charles F. Bing
ham, of Littleton, January 3, 1884, when she removed to the latter town
and has since been engaged as instructor in vocal music in the public
schools of both towns, and her work in this direction has been pro
nounced by competent judges as second to that of no other teacher in
the state. She also teaches large classes of private pupils in instru
mental music, having scholars from all the towns in that vicinity. In
addition to her recognized skill as a pianist, she is also an accomplished
organist, and officiates in that capacity at the First Congregational
church in Littleton. Mrs. Bingham is favored with physical health and
endurance commensurate with her professional equipment and ambition,
hence her ability to accomplish so much work and meet all the varied
demands upon her time and skill. Her best efforts are put forward at
every proper time and place to advance the Art of Music and educate
the masses.
HATTIE M. O. BINGHAM.
'49
��IN the preface to the genealogy of the Pickering family are these
words concerning their first American representative : " Many true
and distinguished men and accomplished women now living, can claim
John Pickering as an ancestor worthy of them." He went from
Massachusetts to Portsmouth (then Strawberry Bank), N. H., as early
as 1633, having originally emigrated from England. Fanny Elizabeth
Pickering, daughter of Hazen and Martha (Drew) Pickering, was born
in Barnstead, but early in life moved with her parents to Concord,
where she was educated. She was graduated from the high school in
1865, as valedictorian of her class, and was also valedictorian of the
class of '67 at Wheaton Seminary, Norton, Mass. This was the last
class at the seminary taught by Lucy Larcom. Since graduation she
has been actively connected with the New England Wheaton Seminary
Club. In 1874 Miss Pickering was married to James Minot, a veteran
of the 140th New York Volunteers, and cashier of the Mechanicks'
Bank in Concord, the city where they have since resided. Mrs.
Minot's sympathies were early enlisted in the work of the Woman's
Relief Corps, auxiliary to the Grand Army, and when E. E. Sturtevant
Relief Corps was organized, she became a charter member, and was its
first treasurer, and has also served as president. She was elected presi
dent of the Department of New Hampshire in 1893, having previously
been department secretary and instituting and installing officer. In
the national organization, she has served as assistant inspector, and
was a member of the National Executive Board, W. R. C., in 18o4-'95.
She has been officially identified with various other charitable and mis
sionary organizations, and is much interested in educational and
literary matters.
MRS. JAMES MINOT.
»5»
��BELLE MARSHALL LOCKE.
ONE of the most successful of the few worthy teachers ot expression
and vocal culture in New Hampshire is Belle Marshall Locke, a
native of Lancaster, wife of City Marshal G. Scott Locke, of Concord.
In her early school days she was noted for the facility and power which
she manifested in recitation. Favored also with fine musical gifts, she
was a prominent figure on the local operatic stage when a mere child.
She also early developed decided literary talent, and was a prolific con
tributor to popular publications while yet in her teens. After her mar
riage, which was an early one, she determined to thoroughly fit herself
for the field of labor toward which her natural endowments so strongly
impelled her. A year of study under the celebrated Edna ChaffeeXoble was followed by a complete course and graduation with the high
est honors from the N. E. Conservatory College of Oratory, under Prof.
S. R. Kelley, in 1884, and this supplemented by a year of special
instruction by the renowned Leland T. Powers. With such equip
ment, it is not strange that Mrs. Locke should win the remarkable suc
cess which has characterized her labors as a teacher of dramatic and
elocutionary art. Aside from her numerous pupils in Concord and
vicinity, she has taught large classes for several years in Lawrence,
Mass., and is now similarly engaged in Haverhill. Many of her pupils
in elocution have won wide public favor, and some of her dramatic pupils
are sustaining leading parts in popular companies. Last season she was
engaged at Hanover in "coaching" the prize-speaking contestants, and
was the instructor of the Dartmouth Dramatic club, which acceptably
presented " David Garrick" under her direction, as she has also suc
cessfully directed the presentation of numerous plays and operas in
various places in the past few years. Nor has her pen been neglected.
She has written ballads, operas, and comedies, her last important pro
duction, "A Modern Desdemona," being pronounced by the best critics
one of the brightest of American comedies.
�■
*
�MRS. EVARTS W. FARR.
ELLEN FRANCES BURPEE FARR was born in New Hampton,
November 14, 1840, and was the only daughter of Augustus and
Sarah Glines (Robinson) Burpee. She was educated in the New Hamp
ton Institution and at Thetford (Vermont) Academy, returning at the
age of eighteen to fill the position of teacher of drawing in the New
Hampton Institution. The 19th of May, 1 861 , she was married to
Capt. Evarts W. Farr of the Second Regiment Volunteers, then in
camp at Portsmouth, and in a few days he marched to the field of
battle where the next four years were spent, with only occasional
visits home on account of disabilities. His record for bravery and his
distinguished services for his state are well known, and his early death
while a member of congress was widely mourned. As a resident of
Littleton, Mrs. Farr was actively interested in every movement for the
social, educational, and material improvement of the people, and con
tributed largely for their advancement. She inherited literary and
artistic talents of a high order, and during her residence in Washing
ton was a pupil of L. M. D. Guillaume, the celebrated French artist,
and other noted instructors, and after the death of Major Farr she
adopted the profession of an artist and has been recognized as a
superior painter in her line. She has been a resident of Pasadena,
Cal., for ten years, and her originality and poetic talent, added to
her artistic ability, have made her a leader in social affairs. She
is especially proud of having translated the letters and papers from
the French engineers that were of great assistance to Mr. Marsh
while building the Mount Washington Railway. She was officiallv
connected with the California Board of Lady Managers of the Chicago
Exposition, and her pictures in the California building won high praise.
Mrs. Farr has been the mother of three children, all born in Littleton :
Ida Louise, now Mrs. Edwin C. Miller; Herbert Augustus: and Edith
May, whose sudden death in June, 1 89 1 , caused so much sorrow.
��IDA FARR MILLER.
IDA LOUISE FARR MILLER is the eldest daughter of the late
Hon. Evarts Worcester Fair, of Littleton, and Ellen Frances
Burpee, his wife. She was born in Littleton, April 26, 1863, and is
a descendant of many of the early settlers and Revolutionary heroes
of her native state and Massachusetts, among them Presidents Dunster
and Willard of Harvard College, and Major Simon Willard, whose
name is inscribed on the famous Endicott stone at The Weirs. She
is also proud of being a descendant of Susannah Johnson, of Charlestown, N. H,, who wrote the sketch of "The Captivity by the
Indians and French of James Johnson and Family," which took place
in Charlestown, N. H., in 1754. Her education commenced in the
schools of her native town, was continued at the Convent of Mercy,
Manchester, N. H., and subsequently special courses were taken in art
at the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, and at Wellesley College. Resi
dences at Washington during the congressional career of her father, and
in the south, as well as Boston, have given her social advantages that
are especially valuable in her present club work. Although artistic
and literary in her tastes, Mrs. Miller is best known as a club woman,
and possessing tact, graciousness, and executive ability, she has held
high offices and is a power wherever associated. She is an hereditary
life member of the National Mary Washington Association in Wash
ington ; a Daughter of the American Revolution ; member of the
Woman's Relief Corps ; president of the Melrose Woman's Club; was
the originator and is a vice-president of the society of '. New Hamp
shire's Daughters;" associate chairman of the lecture committee of
the Women's Industrial and Educational Union, Boston ; the Cosmos
Club, Wakefield ; Wellesley Record Association, and many other organ
izations. In 1884 she married Edwin C. Miller, son of Henry F. Miller,
the celebrated piano manufacturer, and now resides in Wakefield, Mass.
There are two children, Barbara and Henry Franklin, 2d.
��I
HATTIE MAE BALCH HARRIS.
** RINGERS are born not made." Hattie Mae Balch Harris,
vj when very young, showed remarkable musical talent, inher
ited from her Balch ancestors, several of whom were public singers.
At the age of sixteen she received vocal instruction with Mrs. Annie W.
Porter, of the New England Conservatory. Her progress was rapid,
and she had a fervent desire to make music a profession. In 1886.
in Concord, she began her study in earnest, singing frequently in
public, always receiving the warmest applause and most flattering press
notices. Desiring the best, in 1888 she went to Boston and studied
with Madam Hall, George L. Osgood, and Gertrude Franklin. While
there she received a position in the First Baptist church in Concord,
where she was very warmly received. During this time she sang in
Clinton, Mass., in a ladies' quartette, of which she was first soprano,
and was received so well that a large class was formed for her and an
offer of the position as soprano in the First Congregational church,
which she successfully filled for two years, when she engaged with the
Pilgrim church of Worcester. With many regrets and kind words from
the Worcester church, she returned two years later to her former posi
tion in Clinton, which was now her home, she having been married to
Dr. Edwin L. Harris, of that place. Mrs. Harris is a very successful
teacher, combining the best points in the different methods she has
studied. As a soloist she ranks very high, sacred music being her
specialty. She has an unusual attraction for children and young peo
ple. All religious bodies find in her a ready helper. She is a wholesouled, happy woman, busy, yet giving her time, talent, and one tenth
of all her income in charity. She was born in Groveton, November 1 1,
1866, the daughter of Austin A. and Mary (Whipple) Balch. She is
a credit alike to the musical profession, the cause of Christ, and the
women of the old Granite state.
��JANE ELIZABETH HOYT, M. D.
THE first thoroughly equipped woman physician, " native and to
the manner born,'' to establish a permanent location in practice in
New Hampshire's capital city, is Jane Elizabeth Hoyt, daughter of Sewell
and Elizabeth (Nichols) Hoyt. Few physicians, even of the male sex,
have commenced their professional work with so complete preparation,
or attained such high measure of success in a corresponding period of
time, as has characterized the opening of Dr. Hoyt's career. After
attending the Concord public schools and passing four years at Wellesley, she completed the full four years' course at the Woman's Medical
College of the New York Infirmary, a course, it may be stated, so
exacting in its requirements that of eighteen students entering with
her but five were graduated. Dr. Emily Blackwell is dean of the fac
ulty of the institution, and the noted Mary Putnam-Jacobi one of the
members. During the last year of her course she enjoyed the special
advantage of being second assistant in the New York Infant Asylum.
Graduating in 1890, she spent the following summer abroad, visiting
the noted hospitals of Great Britain. On her return she became house
physician at Laselle Seminary, Auburndale, Mass., and at the same
time had the advantage of daily clinical instruction at the hands of
Harvard professors at the Boston dispensary. After a year's expe
rience here, she was for another year interne at the New England
Hospital for Women and Children. Following this, she spent a
year in continental Europe, with close study of practice in the best
hospitals of Paris, Vienna, and Italy, enjoying the instruction of the
best living physicians and surgeons. With such equipment as this,
she commenced practice in June, 1893, in the fine old home on State
street where she was born, and, as might naturally be expected, has
won success and established a reputation far superior to that of most
older practitioners. Although in full general practice. Dr. Hoyt nat
urally gives special attention to the diseases of women and children.
�■
L
�LAURA WENTWORTH FOWLER.
N" O woman is belter known in Boston's musical and club circles
than Laura Wentworth Fowler, daughter of Amasa and Susan
(Nowell) Wentworth, born in Somersworth, June 1 1, 1837. She is a
descendant of Elder William Wentworth, from whom LieutenantGovernor John, and Governors Benning and John, Wentworth also
descended. Four of her ancestors fought at Bunker Hill, which admits
her to the Daughters of the American Revolution. She early displayed
rare musical ability, and at the age of eleven began to play the organ
in church. Graduating from Abbot Academy, Andover, Mass., in
1860, where she taught music during her course, she took charge of
the musical department of Lagrange Female College, Tennessee, but
returned North in a year on account of the war, and became teacher of
mathematics, languages, and music in the Concord (N. H.) High
School. During her second year here, she was called to the musical
department of Monticello Seminary, Illinois, remaining four years.
Returning East she took charge of the departments of music and
painting in Elmira College, New York, which she directed successfully
until her marriage, six years later, with William Fowler, a gallant
officer of the Union army during the war, who died November 26,
1874. Subsequently she taught eight years in Kentucky. Mrs. Fowler
has superior literary as well as musical abilities, and is a prominent
member of the N. E. W. P. A. She is a life member of the Bostonian Society, being the first woman admitted ; a member of New Hamp
shire's Daughters, director of the Massachusetts Federation of Wo
man's Clubs, and vice-president of the General Federation of Clubs
of America. She is also connected with a score of other clubs and
organizations, among which her favorite is the Abbot Academy Club,
of which she is president and founder. Mrs. Fowler is endowed with a
charming personality, and her chief characteristics are tact, will, en
ergy, and enthusiasm.
��EMMA S. HOWE, known throughout New England as a gifted
singer, a superior teacher, and a most charming young woman,
was born in Wolfeborough, and is a loyal daughter of that beautiful
lakeside town, though her parents, Thomas Wentworth and Abbie
(Nutter) Howe, were from Rochester, the former having died in 1890.
At eight years of age she began to study the piano, and later, at the
New England Conservatory, her vocal powers were developed so thor
oughly as to warrant a request from the faculty for her appearance at
the commencement concert. On this occasion she rendered the diffi
cult Polonaise from Mignon with marvellous effect, and from that time
her success was assured. While in New York the following spring,
then barely eighteen years of age, she accepted the position of leading
soprano in Plymouth church. Here she won warm friends and admir
ers, who deeply regretted her determination to reappear in concert
work. In 1882 she toured New England with Gilmore's band, making
a decided success. Colonel Mapleson pronounced her voice one of
rare sweetness and accuracy, saying: "She is the only American
singer I have heard who can sing the part of the Queen of Night in
the Magic Flute. Miss Howe has been teacher of vocal music for
seven years at Wellesley College, and three years at Wheaton Semi
nary, at the same time giving private instruction at home to large
numbers of pupils. She also sang for five years in the choir of the
Union Congregational church, Boston. In the summer of 1895, Miss
Howe and her mother travelled in Europe. In London and Paris her
voice gave much pleasure to well-known musicians. In Austria she
visited Baroness Von Wallhoffen (Pauline Lucca), who was warm in
her praise upon hearing her sing, and while there she was invited to
sing in opera before the emperor, but the time of her departure ren
dered this impossible. Miss Howe is a valued and interested member
of " New Hampshire's Daughters."
EMMA S. HOWE
165
��MARTHA A. HAYES SAFFORD.
NOT often are towns able to retain the more distinguished of their
daughters to the years of their womanly prime, but this good
fortune is given to Farmington by Mrs. Safford, the well-known artist.
She is a daughter of Israel and Anne (Edgerly) Hayes, and descended
from notable people, of whom one was Col. Thomas Tash of the Rev
olution. At the age of eighteen she was married to James Fearing
Safford, formerly of Maine, a veteran of the Civil War. One son, now
arrived at manhood, blesses the happy union. Inheriting refined and
artistic tastes, and encouraged by her husband, she devoted close
attention to painting and crayon portraiture, under excellent teachers,
for the years succeeding her marriage, and has become one of the best
instructors in her specialties, in New Hampshire, and one of the
most respected of the skillful artists counted as children of the old
Granite state. She sketches from nature almost invariably, and adds
to her unusually correct drawing a fine sense of the fitness of things,
and an enviable eye for color. With the magic of her brush, a scene
which has pleased us is set again before us, in outline true, and in its
own beauty of tint : still may we feel the charm of flower and leaf,
the glowing sphere from the willing tree, and the lesser globe and oval,
from shrubs here and there invite us, and still does the fruit of the vine
hold the delicacy of its virgin bloom: while every accessory of a pic
ture has received its meed of attention from the conscientious artist.
Yet not through all these comes her chief pleasure, for more than
the simple delight of the eye is the recalling of the features of those
whom we "have loved long since, yet lost awhile," in which Mrs.
Safford is especially gifted, working often from the faint shadows of
some old and imperfect portrait, and completing a likeness which
is priceless. Any good artist may portray well from life, but one
whose intuition of the spirit is allied to the skill of eye and hand
offers to us the gift of genius.
�r
�WHEN we affirm that one possesses the soul of genius, we have
touched the foundation on which greatness is built. Evange
line Larry possesses in a large degree, both by nature and education,
the elements which combine to make the true and successful musician.
To know her and understand her temperament, is to recognize that
she belongs to the class of artists who win honor and fame. Though
born in Weston, Mass., in 1872, she removed to Penacook, N. H.,
soon after, where her father, Rev. John Hale Larry, was actively inter
ested in educational work, and it was in the Granite state that she took
her first violin lessons, when eight years of age, and commenced the
development of her wonderful musical powers. Subsequently the fam
ily removed to Providence, R I., where her study became methodical,
earnest work, her parents deciding to fit her for a professional career.
For several years she has been a student with Herr Kneisel of Boston,
and to-day she is the most prominent violin teacher in Providence.
As a concert violinist she fills many engagements ; she plays with fine
artistic taste and finish, possessing to an unusual degree that rare qual
ity, soulfulness. Her musical insight and interpretation lend great
charm to her rendition of the classics, while her coloring of some deli
cate bits of composition, is wonderfully dainty and exquisite. Miss
Larry is modest and unassuming, with a sweet graciousness of manner
which wins many warm friends. Musically considered, she is doing a
phenomenal work for one so young. Strongly devoted to her art, it is
her plan to broaden her culture by study in Europe. She has the ideal
home environment, where she has been carefully nurtured and edu
cated. Her musical ability has been used in pleasant cooperation with
her father in his ministerial duties. Her summers are spent with the
family at " The Manse," their summer home at Penacook.
EVANGELINE LARKY.
169
��MRS. SMALL presents a signal instance of the sterling qualities
of the genuine daughter of the Granite state. She was born
in Alton. November 12, 1837, of parents descended from the early
settlers, and from soldiers of the Revolution. She has been married
twice; first to George Jones, who died in 1864, at Hilton Head, S. C.,
while acting as wagon master in the Fourth Regiment, N. H. Vols.,
leaving one son, who resides with his mother in a charming home in
Farmington ; and second to Edmund B. Small, formerly of Maine,
and a veteran of the Civil War. Mr. Small suffered from the effects
of army life, and died in 1887, to the regret of a wide circle of friends.
Mrs. Small conducts an extensive business in millinery and fancy
goods, and also has charge of the imposing Small block, with its
stores and public halls. With home duties always first, she has been
not only an excellent daughter and sister, a conscientious wife and
mother, a generous and loyal friend, and an enterprising woman of
business, but has been prominent in various beneficent orders, and is a
charter member in nearly all to which she belongs. She has served as
state superintendent of work with soldiers and sailors in the Woman's
Christian Temperance Union: as grand vice templar in the Good
Templars ; upon the executive board of the Woman's Relief Corps in
the Department of New Hampshire, and has been the junior and
senior vice-president of the organization, although refusing absolutely
to become president, and has been a delegate to the national encamp
ment, beside filling various other positions. She acts as past noble
grand in the degree staff of the Daughters of Rebekah, and for five
years has been the mistress of exchequer in the supreme assembly of
the Pythian Sisterhood, whose gatherings she has attended in distant
cities. In the performing of her many duties Mrs. Small is dignified
and earnest, giving to them a sagacious and devoted attention.
LUCY A. RICKER SMALL.
171
�t
�THERE are diverse types of admirable womanhood in New Hamp
shire, but the one that is perhaps the most truly representative,
is the woman who " looks well to the ways of her household," who is
a sympathetic wife and mother, yet who keeps in touch with the out
side world by intelligent reading, and is always ready to lend a hand
for the good of the community in which she lives. This characteriza
tion, so especially applicable to the subject of this sketch, fits many a
daughter of the commonwealth who deserves a place in any record of
New Hampshire women. Amelia E. Bennett was born October 26,
1827, in Dummerston, Vt., to Aden and Angeline (Houghton) Bennett,
but in early childhood she came to New Hampshire with her widowed
mother and two brothers. She had the best education then obtain
able, and being an exceptionally bright pupil, she grasped everything
within her reach. She taught most successfully from the time of leav
ing school till her marriage, October 24, 1847, to Charles Parker of
Lisbon. Although Mrs. Parker was never physically strong, she has
dispensed a generous hospitality through a long married life, not only
to friends but to strangers, and those in need. Of her four children,
three are now living, Mrs. A. B. Woodworth, Harry E. Parker, and
Mrs. T. J. Walker. These children will never forget the lessons they
learned in human rights from the household discussions of the mother
and father, who ardently embraced the anti-slavery cause when it was
an unpopular one. Mrs. Parker's fondness for intellectual improvement
is evinced by the fact that after her children were married and gone
from home, she took up the Chautauqua literary course for four years,
doing more than the prescribed work, thus enjoying late in life the
means of culture longed for, but impossible of attainment at an earlier
time. Mrs. Parker is not only benevolent and friendly, but she is of a
deeply religious nature, being an active and influential member of the
Congregational church.
MRS. CHARLES PARKER.
173
��MARY PARKER WOODWORTH.
WHEN a full collegiate training for women was an unproved
experiment, and Vassar college had just opened its doors for
their benefit, the first New Hampshire girl availing herself of its advan
tages was Mary Parker, daughter of Charles and Amelia (Bennett)
Parker, of Lisbon, born at Sugar Hill, May 3, 1849. With a strong
ambition for intellectual attainment, she made early advance in study,
and was greatly encouraged in her purpose to secure the best obtainable
education by that great New Hampshire educator, the late Prof. James
W. Patterson. She fitted for college at St. Johnsbury (Vt.) academy,
the only girl in a class of nine, six of whose members entered Dartmouth,
and became a member of the Sophomore class at Vassar in 1867, grad
uating in 1870 with the first class honor. After graduation, she taught
in St. Johnsbury academy and at St. Agnes Hall, Bellows Falls, Vt.
September 30, 1873, she married Albert B. Woodworth. a prosperous
young merchant, then just established in business at Concord as head
of the since successful firm of Woodworth & Co. where she has since
resided. Neglecting in no degree the duties of domestic and social
life. Mrs. Woodworth has done much literary work, has been an ardent
patroness of art and music, was actively instrumental in the organization
of the Concord Choral union of which she is vice-president, is a mem
ber of the Vassar and Collegiate Alumnae associations, has been twice
president of the Boston Branch of Vassar Alumna.', and is an active
member of the Concord Woman's club. She is chiefly distinguished,
however, as the first and only woman member of the Concord school
board, to which she was elected for three years in 1890, and re-elected
in 1893, and in which position she has demonstrated the peculiar
fitness of woman for participation in educational affairs. She is a
devoted member of St. Paul's Episcopal church, and the mother of
three children, two sons and a daughter, the eldest, Edward K.. being
a member of Dartmouth college, class of '97.
�4
�THOROUGH, conscientious, and excellent literary work has made
the name of Frances Matilda Abbott conspicuous upon the roll
of prominent New Hampshire women. Miss Abbott is the eldest
child and only daughter of John and Matilda (Brooks) ADbott, and
was born in Concord, in the house where she now lives. Her fathers
family were among the pioneers of the town, and on her mother's side
she is a descendant of the Brookses, Boylstons, and Cogswells of
Massachusetts. Her father, familiarly known as "Honest John
Abbott," was six times elected mayor of Concord. Her mother
was a woman of superior intellectual ability, who received a part of
her education at Brook Farm under the tutelage of George Ripley and
other eminent men and women associated with that movement. Miss
Abbott was graduated from the Concord High School in 1875. She
took freshman college work with Mr. Moses Woolson, and entered the
sophomore class of Vassar college, from which institution she was
graduated in 1881. She early gave evidence of literary ability, and at
the age of fourteen was a paid contributor to Our Young Folks, at that
time the leading juvenile monthly in the country. Since then her
articles have been accepted by the Forum, New England Magazine,
Cosmopolitan, Wide Awake, Frank Leslie's, and other periodicals of
national repute. She has contributed extensively to New Hampshire,
Boston, and New York newspapers. For the past six years she has
been the guest of Vassar college during commencement week, report
ing the exercises for the Poughkeepsie and New York papers. She
belongs to the Association of Collegiate Alumnae and to the Boston
branch of Vassar Alumnae. She is a life member of the historic Con
cord Female Charitable Society and the Woman's Auxiliary to the
Y. M. C. A., and is active in many forms of local club and philanthropic
work. She is prominently identified with the Shakespeare clubs of
Concord, and is much interested in historical matters.
FRANCES M. ABBOTT.
'77
��IN the retirement of pleasant homes in Concord and Warner,
Almira R. (Andrews) Harriman divides the seasons of her latter
years. Warner is the town of her nativity, where, as the daughter of
Noah Tyler and Sally Bean Andrews, she was born, November 8,
1819. Nurtured amid healthy influences, she grew up to be a brave,
modest, amiable woman, of mental culture, well-poised judgment, and
a congenial spirit, conducive to happy companionship. She had
adaptation to the work of instruction, and won success as a teacher.
In 1844 she became the wife of Walter Harriman. She was the grace
and strength of his home, —that home in which the husband, amid all
his high achievements and honors in civil and military life, ever found
his best enjoyment. Though her retiring disposition has always
strongly prompted the avoidance of publicity, yet she has lent a gracetul compliance with social requisitions reasonably made upon her, as
the wife of a distinguished orator, general, and governor. During the
dark days of the Civil War, when husband, son, and brothers were
at the perilous front, she bore her part in the trying hours with that
undaunted courage which was conspicuous even in her childhood.
With an unfaltering faith in the triumph of the Union cause, she lighted
up the gloom of many a home, and cheered by her presence the hearts
of Union men around the midnight camp-fire. With the quiet service
of affection—that supreme thought and purpose of her life—has
abounded a wisdom, whose salutary counsel has ever been sought and
prized by all within her range of influence. Self-forgetfulness is the
key-note of her existence. With her, the chief privilege and pleasure
of living has been in serving others.
MRS. WALTER HARR I MAN.
179
1
��LILIAN CARPENTER STREETER.
IN the choice of Lilian Carpenter Streeltr as its first president, the
New Hampshire Federation of Women's Clubs acted wisely and
well. An accomplished and thoroughly womanly woman, she is a fit
leader of the movement, which, involving no aggressive campaign for
further rights and privileges for her sex, contemplates the best and
highest development of woman's powers in every legitimate direction.
A native of the town of Bath, daughter of Associate Justice Alonzo P.
Carpenter of the Supreme Court of New Hampshire, and Julia Goodall,
a descendant of one of the most noted families of Northern New
Hampshire, she has been a resident of Concord since her marriage, in
1877, with Mr. Frank Sherwin Streeter, now a leading member of the
New Hampshire bar. During all these years, while faithful to every
requirement and situation of an exceptionally happy home life, every
worthy social, educational, and philanthropic movement brought to her
attention has commanded her earnest sympathy and active support.
As the prime mover and organizer of the Concord Ramabai Circle, as
a trustee of the Margaret Pillsbury General Hospital, as leader of an
earnest band of " King's Daughters," as a devoted member and
teacher of the Unitarian Sunday-school, and as founder and the first
president of the Concord Woman's Club, she has given true, devoted,
and unselfish service in every relation, at the same time fulfilling
every demand of the social life of the capital city, of which she is one
of the brightest ornaments. A leader in the Woman's Club move
ment, Mrs. Streeter was also the first New Hampshire woman to labor
for the cause of federation, and was state chairman of correspondence
for New Hampshire with the General Federation of Women's Clubs
for two years. She was appointed by Governor Busiel, in 1895, a
member of the New Hampshire Commission to the Atlanta exposition.
Mrs. Streeter is the mother of two children, Julia and Thomas Winthrop, the former now a student at Bryn Mawr.
�:
�THE Whitcomb family is one of the most notable in the history
of southwestern New Hampshire, has figured conspicuously in
the civil and military history of the state, and has been especially
prominent in the old town of Swanzey. A worthy representative of
this family is Lucy J. Whitcomb Carpenter, daughter of Col. Carter
Whitcomb, born during his temporary residence at Saxton's River,
Vt., March 9, 1834, but removing to his native town of Swanzey two
years later, where she has ever since resided. She was educated at
Mount Caesar Seminary, in Swanzey, under the instruction of Prof.
Joseph C. Barrett, and Rev. S. H. McCollister, D. D. June 14, 1864,
she was united in marriage with George Carpenter, of Swanzey, since
prominent in political circles in the state as a leader of the Greenback
and Labor party organizations. Soon after the Chautauqua literary
and scientific course of study was instituted both Mrs. Carpenter and
her husband took up the course and were members of the Ashuelot
C. L. S. C. for eight years, graduating with many seals attached to
their diplomas. Subsequently they pursued the University course of
study in the People's College, under able professors. Mrs. Carpenter
has fine literary ability and poetic talent. She was a leading spirit in
the organization of the Mount Caesar Library Association, which occu
pies the old seminary building, purchased and donated to the associa
tion by Mr. Carpenter. She is an active member of the order of
Patrons of Husbandry, has held various offices in Golden Rod Grange
of Swanzey, and served efficiently as lecturer of Cheshire County
Pomona Grange. She is an interested member of the Daughters of
the American Revolution, claiming eligibility from her illustrious great
grandfather, Col. Jonathan Whitcomb, who fought at Lexington and
Bunker Hill. Her kindly greeting and gracious manner add a charm
to the generous hospitality of " Valley View," their pleasant farm
home on the slope of Mount Caesar, overlooking Swanzey Plain.
183
�1
�MONG the practical, helpful lives, illustrating the character of
£\_ New Hampshire womanhood, is that of Mary R. Sanborn of
Laconia, daughter of Rev. Abram and Mary (Harriman) Sanborn,
born in Sanford, Me., but a resident of the old Granite state, in which
her father was born, since infancy, her childhood's home being in the
town of Ossipee. Her great-grandfather, Daniel Sanborn, Jr., was a
Revolutionary soldier, and one of her brothers—a heroic youth, not
fifteen years of age when he enlisted in the Sixth New Hampshire Reg
iment—lies buried at Arlington ; hence her warm interest in the wel
fare of the soldiers of the republic. Educated at North Parsonfield,
Me., and the Masonic school at Drake's Corner, Effingham, she taught
successfully several years, but subsequently adopted the occupation of
writer and copyist, in which capacity she has been actively engaged at
Laconia for twenty-five years, the last five years as policy writer in the
insurance office of Melcher & Prescott. She is one of the few women
in the state holding the office of notary public, having been commis
sioned by Governor Tuttle in 1 891 . Miss Sanborn is a member of
John L. Perley, Jr., Relief Corps; has represented the corps in
department convention, and the department in national convention.
She was the first New Hampshire woman obligated in the Relief
Union, auxiliary to the Union Veterans' Union; was appointed
national installing officer; instituted Rosanna W. Beaman Relief
Union, No. 1 , of Laconia, of which she was the first president ; was a
delegate to the national convention in Boston, and elected national
president in August, 1893; labored with great zeal and efficiency for
the welfare of the order, and was reelected president at Rochester,
N. Y., in 1894. Throughout her busy, unostentatious life Miss San
born has ever been mindful of the needs of others, and many a young
girl, through her sympathy and encouragement, has found the way to a
career of usefulness and success. In religion she is a Unitarian.
�J
�HARRIETT E. DANIELS.
IN these days of progress, when women are engaging in all lines of
business activity, the woman who gives practical business instruc
tion to others is especially worthy of recognition. Miss Harriett Eliza
Daniels, of the Daniels and Downs private school for shorthand, book
keeping, etc., at Manchester, though a native of Massachusetts, has
been a resident of Manchester since early childhood. She is the daugh
ter of Joel and Eliza (Roach) Daniels, one of her ancestors being Asa
Walker, of Ashby, Mass., a soldier of the Revolution. She was educated
in the Manchester public schools, graduating from the High school with
excellent rank. With a strong liking for business she became book
keeper in her father's store, but left this position for that of moneyorder clerk in the Manchester postoffice under Postmaster J. G. Dear
born, during President Cleveland's first term, where she served effi
ciently and made many friends. While here engaged she took up the
study of shorthand in her leisure moments, thoroughly mastering the
Pitman system. On leaving the postoffice she took desk room with
A. J. Lane, and opened an office for general stenographic work and
typewriting. Her success was marked, and she determined to open a
school of stenography and typewriting in connection with her business,
receiving both young ladies and gentlemen as pupils, and in the spring
of l892, Mrs. Clara Bennett Downs was associated with her, and the
present successful school established, giving thorough instruction in
stenography, typewriting, bookkeeping, and general business. It has
been largely patronized, and many of its graduates are expert stenog
raphers and accountants. Miss Daniels is characterized by remarkable
energy and enterprise, and has been extensively engaged in court and
general stenographic work.
She was a founder of the Manchester
Shorthand Club, has been secretary from its foundation in 1892, and
was a member of the World's Fair Auxiliary Corps, Congress of Sten
ographers. She is secretary of Ruth Chapter, No. 16, Order of the
Eastern Star.
��MRS. CLARA L. DOWNS.
MRS. CLARA LOUISE (BENNETT) DOWNS, of the firm
of Daniels & Downs, proprietors of the Daniels & Downs pri
vate school, at Manchester, is New Hampshire born and bred, being a
native of the town of Milford, the youngest of a large family of the late
Rhodolphus D., and Mary (Woodward) Bennett, highly respected citi
zens of that town. She comes of good old Revolutionary stock, her
father being a direct descendant of the famous Captain Job Shattuck,
who during the entire war evinced great courage and bravery, and gave
both money and service for the patriot cause. She attended the Milford schools, graduating with honor from the high school after a four
years' course. She engaged for a short time in teaching in her native
town, but, impelled by a strong desire for business life, and possessing
an aptitude for the work of an accountant, she went to Manchester,
where she was employed in important positions as accountant, in the
service of different firms, always giving the highest satisfaction; so
that Superintendent Buck in writing of her, says : "Mrs. Downs, by
vears of practical service as accountant for leading business houses in
the city, has attained an enviable reputation as an expert in her depart
ment." During her business career she had sought to advance herself
as far as possible in her line, studying with Professor Bacon, a French
teacher, Prof. H. F. Morse, expert accountant, and Prof. N. L.
Hickok, of Boston. She is one of the original members of the
National Organization of Accountants, started in Detroit, Mich. In
April, 1892, a partnership was formed, for the purpose of conducting
a private school, for book-keeping, shorthand, etc., with Miss Harriett
E. Daniels, this being the first of the kind managed by women in this
section of the country, and one of the most successful, while their
general office work is highly commended. She married Capt. Frank
L. Downs, of Manchester, October 20, 1885.
��MRS. MARGARET LAMSON GRIFFIN is a typical New Eng
land woman, of good old English stock, counting among her
ancestors William Wood, one of the first settlers of Concord, Mass.,
author of that very bright book, "New England's Prospects,'' published in
London in 1 635 ; Major Simon Willard, another of the distinguished men
of Concord in the early days, and a celebrated Indian fighter; Major
Thomas Henchman, of Pawtucket Falls (now Lowell), a distinguished
warrior in King Phillip's time ; Lieut. James Richardson, who was killed
by the Indians in battle, in 1675, and other men of note. Her grand
father, William Lamson, came from Charlestown, Mass., to Keene in
1787, established a successful business which was continued by his
son, Charles, father of Mrs. Griffin, and built in 1804 the house where
she was born, where she still lives, and where her children were born,
her grandchild being of the fifth generation of one family living in the
same house. On the first day of January, 1863, in the midst of the
dark days of the war, she married Colonel, afterwards Brevet Major
General, S. G. Griffin, and they have two sons. Mrs. Griffin is a
woman of great executive ability, presides with tact and dignity, has
been president of the Ladies' Aid Society in her parish for twenty
years, secretary of the Charitable Society of Keene for about forty
years, is active in the W. C. T. U., is one of the trustees of the
"Mercy Home," at Manchester, and president of the "Woman's
Auxiliary" of the diocese of New Hampshire, which she represented at
the General Triennial Convention at Minneapolis in 1895. It is said
of Mrs. Griffin, by those who know her well, that she presides over one
of the most charming homes in that charming little city, Keene.
MRS. S. G. GRIFFIN.
191
��MARY L. (NOYES) PRESCOTT, wife of the late ex-Governor
Benjamin F. Prescott, is a native of the town of Atkinson, a
daughter of Jefferson and Nancy (Peart) Noyes. She removed with
her parents to Concord in early childhood and her home was in that
city until her marriage. She was educated in the Concord schools and
at Atkinson academy. Her marriage occurred June 10, 1869, since
when her residence has been at the Prescott ancestral home in Epping.
Mrs. Prescott is a thoroughly domestic woman, and her life work has
not been directed in public lines, except that during her husband's
term of office as chief magistrate, there were many important public
and social occasions of note in which she necessarily participated,
maintaining her position with dignity and grace. Notable among
these occasions was the visit of President Rutherford B. Hayes and
family, with several members of his cabinet, and other distinguished
persons, to this state, in August, 1877, when a four days' trip among
the New Hampshire lakes and mountains was made. In the spring of
1878 Governor and Mrs. Prescott visited Washington, and were enter
tained at dinner at the executive mansion, as well as by Secretary of
State Evarts, and other notables. They received much attention
while at the capital, especially from New Hampshire people there. In
November, 1878, they visited Montreal, attending the reception and
ball in honor of the Marquis of Lome and Princess Louise, and being
specially honored, as the only Americans present. At the centennial
celebration at Bennington, in 1877, and at the dedication of the Ben
nington Battle monument in 1891, they were also present. Governor
Prescott in his official capacity as president of the Bennington Battle
Monument association. Since Governor Prcscott's death in Febru
ary, 1895 (his burial occurring at Concord February 26), she has
lived quietly in the Epping home. Their only child, Benjamin F.
Prescott, Jr., is a member of Phillips Exeter academy, class of 1897.
MRS. BENJAMIN F. PRESCOTT.
193
��LIKE most New Hampshire women Mrs. Frederick K. Folsom
(Harriet French Tuttle) is essentially a home-maker, and she
cares little for public life, though her connection with the New Hamp
shire's Daughters Club, of which she is the efficient corresponding
secretary, has brought her somewhat prominently forward as a daughter
of the Granite state in Boston, where she resides in the Dorchester
district. Mrs. Folsom is the daughter of ex-Governor Hiram A., and
Mary C. (French) Tuttle, and was born in Pittsfield January 17, 1861.
She is directly descended from John Tuttle, who came to New Hamp
shire from England in 1 641 . Her grandmother, Judith Mason Davis,
was a descendant of Samuel Davis, a Revolutionary soldier. The
family on both sides have had their home in New Hampshire for gen
erations. Miss Tuttle was thoroughly educated, was a student of
Wellesley college, and has travelled extensively in our own and other
countries, having spent the year 1888 abroad. In the following year
she married Mr. Frederick K. Folsom of Dorchester, Mass., where
she has since resided. Mr. and Mrs. Folsom have one child, a bright
and handsome boy named for his honored grandfather— Hiram Tuttle.
Mrs. Folsom is talented in many directions. She is a fine reader and
has entertained the public in that capacity most acceptably upon many
occasions. She has also a taste for painting and has studied the art
with J. J. Enneking. Her summers are always spent at the old home
in Pittsfield.
MRS. FREDERICK K. FOLSOM.
95
��MRS. JOHN B. SMITH.
NEW HAMPSHIRE has had many ladies who have graced official
life, but no one has occupied a more ideal place in the public
eye than Mrs. John B. Smith, of Hillsborough. Miss Emma Lavender
(Mrs. Smith) was born at Lansingburg, N. Y.. on the banks of the
Hudson, February 20, 1858. She was the daughter of Stephen and
Sarah Butler (Millis) Lavender. The Lavenders are of direct English
descent, Mr. Lavender's parents having come from Kent county, Eng
land. Miss Lavender received a fine education in the public schools
of Chelsea, Mass., and at the seminary for young ladies at Plainfield,
N. J. She is a woman of well-trained mind, and broad general cul
ture. On November first, 1883, she was married to Hon. John B.
Smith, of Hillsborough Bridge. Their three children are Butler Lav
ender, who died at St. Augustine, Florida, at the age of two years;
Archibald Lavender, and Norman. In early life Mrs. Smith became a
member of the Ruggles Street Baptist church, Boston, and she has
ever been active in all good works. She belongs to New Hampshire's
Daughters, and the Charity Club, of Boston, to the Merrimack
Valley Congregational Club, the New Hampshire Historical Society,
and the W. C. T. U. For many years she was president of the latter
organization. She is a trustee of the Mercy Home, at Manchester,
and superintendent of the primary work in the church at Hillsborough.
Those privileged to know Mrs. Smith in her delightful home have long
been aware of her accomplishments and amiable qualities, but in 1893
and 1894, during Governor Smith's term of office, these qualities were
brought into wide public recognition. Never has more charming hos
pitality been dispensed by a chief magistrate and his wife. In a public
way, at the capital, and at their own beautiful home at Hillsborough
the Smiths have entertained hundreds of friends from all parts of the
state. Of tall and graceful figure, gentle and gracious manner, Mrs.
Smith adorns any position which the state or nation can offer.
��JANE GRACE ALEXANDER, daughter of Edward and Lucy
J (Capron) Alexander, and direct descendent, in the fourth genera
tion, of Reuben Alexander, who was a Captain in Colonel Ashley's regi
ment, which marched to Ticonderoga in October, 1776, was born in
Winchester, October 26, 1848. She received her education in her
native town, and was a successful teacher for several years. Early in
life she commenced keeping books in her father's office and, later on,
was active in the management of his business. She entered the Win
chester National Bank as general assistant, in 1871, but soon after
assumed the duties of assistant cashier, which position she has filled
for twenty-two years. So fully did she win the confidence of the peo
ple, by her integrity, capacity, and good sense, that in 1881 she was
elected treasurer of the Security-Savings Bank of Winchester, which
office she now holds, and is believed to be the first woman to occupy
this responsible position. Miss Alexander bears the burdens of a man,
yet is as broad and charitable in her ideas as the best of women, true as
steel in her friendships, and allows no small gossip to interfere with
her work or her life. She is a member of the Universalist church, ever
ready to sustain and support its interests with her sympathy and gen
erous aid. She has been superintendent of the Sunday-school fifteen
years, and considers it her best and happiest field of labor. She is
also treasurer of the school district, trustee of the public library, and
first Worthy Matron of Electra chapter, No. 19, O. E. S. Her home
is one of the landmarks of Winchester, a large white manor house, in
the colonial style, set many rods back from the street, and noticeable
for its antiquities, its avenue of fine maples, and its beautiful deep
lawn. Miss Alexander is devoted to the interests of her home and
spares neither tune nor money in the preservation of the homestead, of
which she is justly proud.
JANE GRACE ALEXANDER.
199
��MRS. ALEXANDER SALVIN1.
T~)RETTY little Maud Dixon" is the manner in which this clever
\- young actress is spoken of, and a dainty bit of femininity she
is in every-day life. Maud Dixon (now Mrs. Alexander Salvini) although
born on the other side of the ocean, was brought to this country when
an infant, and therefore knew no other home than Concord, where she
was reared and educated. When very young she developed rare musical
abilities, and was sent to the New England Conservatory of Music, where
she came directly under the care of the late Dr. Eben Tourgee, who
greatly encouraged her to adopt the operatic stage. Her first appear
ance in public was in 1882 in " Iolanthe," when that opera was given its
first production in America at the opening of the Bijou theatre in Boston.
Then followed a season in the same company on the road in repertoire,
when she was under-study for the leading soprano roles. She soon ex
perienced a desire to enter the legitimate drama, and, much against the
advice of her teacher, discarded singing for the attractions at the Union
Square theatre. New York, where she appeared in several metropolitan
successes. Here she remained for several seasons when an opportunity
presented itself to enter the company of the elder Salvini, in which she
acquitted herself successfully in each role. Young Salvini was a member
of the same company, and the acquaintance thus formed ripened into a
happy marriage October 7, 1893, in Cleveland, O. For many seasons Miss
Dixon, in the support of that versatile, romantic actor, Alexander Salvini.
from Maine to California, has made friends and admirers by her consci
entious work and her pleasing personality. In the summer of '93 she
made her first visit to the home of her ancestors in Leeds, Yorkshire,
England. She is connected on both sides with notable personages, Sir
Rupert Kettell. well known in British court circles, being a near relative
of her father. In 1894 Mrs. Salvini accompanied her husband to his
Italian home. The elder Salvini is delighted with the marriage of his
son to this charming New Hampshire girl.
��ENDOWED with rare personal charms, a fine stage presence—tall
and "most divinely fair."—an exquisite voice and gracious man
ner, few women of her years ever more delighted an audience than the
gifted young reader and elocutionist, formerly Edna L. C. Little of
Nashua, now Mrs. Houck of Penn Yan, N. Y. Miss Little is a native
of Lisbon, but resided in Nashua from childhood until her marriage
some two years since to E. S. Houck, a prosperous young business man
of Penn Yan. She is the daughter of Milo Little, a Union soldier
and member of Post 7, Nashua, and Maria (Carleton) Little, a worthy
woman and an active worker in the cause of the veterans. Graduating
from the high school at the age of seventeen she began the life of a
teacher; but, her health not warranting its continuance, she took up
the study of music and elocution, as well as painting under the best
teachers in Boston. To her study of elocution and physical culture,
faithfully practised, she owes her present excellent health. She gradu
ated with honor, and the degree of O. Ii., from the Emerson School ot
Oratory in 1 89 1 , and soon became a successful teacher and popular
public reader, commanding engagements throughout New England, and
in the state of New York, and receiving the hearty commendation of
press and public wherever heard. Although offered important posi
tions in other states, she declined them all, retaining her Nashua home
with her parents until her marriage ; pursuing her study, teaching
classes in physical culture, and filling her constantly increasing public
engagements. Possessed of marked dramatic ability she has frequently
been urged to adopt the stage and though her inclination has not been
in that direction, she might have done so with every prospect of bril
liant success. Loving her public work, she has continued the same,
and extended her field of labor, with commensurate reward, since her
marriage and settlement in the wealthy old town of Penn Yan, in
whose social life she is already a bright adornment.
EDNA LITTLE HOUCK.
203
��CLARA MARIA KIMBALL AYERS.
THE Kimball family, descendants of Joseph Kimball, of Exeter,
who settled in Canterbury in 1793, have long been conspicuous
in central New Hampshire. One of the most prominent representatives
of this family is John Kimball, four times mayor of Concord, president
of the state senate in 1881,and incumbent of various other positions
of honor and trust. Clara Maria, only child of Hon. John and Maria
H. (Phillips) Kimball, was born in Lawrence, Mass.. March 20, 1848,
but has passed most of her life in Concord, removing there with her
parents in childhood. Graduating from the Concord high school in
1865, she entered Wheaton seminary, at Norton, Mass., in September
following, and was graduated in 1868. June 4, 1873, she married
Augustine R. Avers, many years engaged in mercantile business
in Concord, but now an extensive farmer and dairyman at North
Boscawen. They have five children living, and two died in infancy.
The eldest, Ruth Ames, is now a student in Cornell University. While
faithfully attending to the multiplied duties of home life, Mrs Avers
has been active in social and benevolent organizations, and has never
failed cheerfully to respond to any reasonable call for assistance in
any worthy work or cause. She is a member and has been senior
vice-president of E. E. Sturtevant Relief Corps, of Concord : has been
treasurer of the New Hampshire department, aide of the national
president, and assistant national inspector W. R. C. She has also
served as secretary and treasurer of the lloscawen Woman's Christian
Temperance Union, vice-president of the Merrimack County Woman's
Board of Missions, lecturer of Capital Grange P. of H., and secretary
of Ezekiel Webster Grange, Boscawen. In February, 1895. Mrs.
Avers accompanied her father on a trip through the Mediterranean,
visiting Egypt and the Holy Land and the southern countries of
Europe. Her observations upon the journey have been delightfully
given in addresses before various organizations and assemblies.
��OCTAVIA M. (FARNSWORTH) COLLINS, daughter of
Cephas and Eunice Farnsworth, is a native of Androscoggin
county, Me., where her father was early identified with the manufactu
ring interests of the community. She is of English ancestry, the
seventh in direct descent from the Matthias Farnsworth who came to
this country from Farnsworth, Kent county, England. The family is
one of the oldest, the crest on the coat of arms indicating service under
the Plantagenets. On the maternal side she is a descendant of Hugh and
Bryce McLellan, of Portland and Gorham, Maine, representatives of an
old Scotch family. To Sir Hugh McLellan of Argyle was given its coat
of arms in 1645. The McLellans came to America from Londonderry
Ireland, about 1730, and became well known for their sterling integ
rity, enterprise, and thrift. Rev. Elijah Kellogg, a cousin of Mrs.
Collins's mother, has told their story in the " Struggles of my Grand
father for a Homestead." She received a thorough education at
private schools, in Norridgewock and Brunswick, Me., at Bates college
and the Massachusetts Normal Art School, and was for years principal
of a grammar school in the city of Worcester, Mass. Subsequently
she was engaged in teaching for some time in Newton, Mass., mean
while contributing to the columns of various educational publications.
For the last fifteen years Mrs. Collins has been a resident of Franklin,
and for seven years past, has been editor and manager of the Merrimack
Journal newspaper, giving to the work a measure of industry, energy
and intelligent enterprise seldom equalled in that line of effort; greatly
improving the paper, and giving it a standing and circulation superior
to most papers of the same rank in the state. She is the Franklin
agent of the Associated Press, and she is an active member of
the New England Woman's Press Association. She has one son,
Farnsworth, fourteen years of age, in whose education she is deeply
interested.
MRS. O. M. COLLINS.
207
��MRS. CHARLES H. SAWYER.
SUSAN ELLEN, daughter of Dr. James Wellington and Elizabeth
(Hodgdon) Cowan, descended from Peter Coffin who came to
Dover in 1636, and Major Caleb Hodgdon of Revolutionary fame, was
born in Dover, August 13, 1839, educated in the public schools of her
native city, and at Abbot Academy, Andover, Mass. She was mar
ried February 8, 1865, to Charles Henry Sawyer, governor of New
Hampshire 1887-89. Their children are William Davis, married
Gertrude, daughter of Hon. Joshua G. Hall of Dover; Charles
Francis, married Gertrude, daughter of Hon. Henry W. Severance,
of San Francisco; James Cowan: Edward; Elizabeth Coffin. The
three elder sons are alumni of Yale University. William and Charles
are associated in business with their father. James is taking post-grad
uate studies at Harvard, Edward is an under-graduate at Yale, and
Elizabeth is a member of Mrs. Stearns's School at Amherst, Mass.
Few women have been so blessed and happy in their domestic life as
Mrs. Sawyer. She is a generous and delightful hostess, welcoming
many guests in her home in Dover, and during the summer months she
is the center of happy companies in the cottage on the beautiful heights
at York. She is a devoted member of the First Church, president of
the Woman's Auxiliary to the Y. M. C. A., in which position she has
been remarkably efficient and helpful ; Regent for the Dover Chapter
of the Society of the Daughters of the American Revolution, and a
member of the Colonial Dames. Mrs. Sawyer has traveled widely,
and is happily conversant on topics of home and foreign interest. She
combines great strength of character with rare womanly sensibilities.
She reminds one of the saying of Ruskin : "The best women are
indeed necessarily the most difficult to know: they are recognized
chiefly in the happiness of their husbands and the nobleness of their
children : they are only to be divined, not discerned by strangers."
��A RARE combination of tact and ability, in Maria Louise Eastman,
made her one of the most successful teachers in the country.
Although not a native of the Granite State, she was essentially a New
Hampshire woman, her father, Robert Eastman, being a native of Con
cord, and the great-grandson of Ebenezer Eastman, one of the first set
tlers of the town, and an officer of the colonial forces at the siege of
Louisburg, while her mother, Sarah Elizabeth Lee, was of the best
Southern blood, and a kinswoman of the Virginia Lees. Miss East
man was born in Brunswick, Me., and enjoyed superior educational
advantages, attending the excellent young ladies' school there, con
ducted by Miss Chapman, and being specially favored otherwise
through her father's connection with Bowdoin College. The family
subsequently removed to the ancestral home in East Concord, and Miss
Eastman engaged in teaching, first in the town of Newport, and later
in Concord, where she conducted a private school several years, estab
lishing an excellent reputation. Securing a fine position as teacher in
a young ladies' school near Media, in that state, she removed to
Pennsylvania, and entered upon a career which proved remarkably suc
cessful. She was instrumental in the establishment, and was for a
time associated in the management of the famous Brooke Hall school
at Media, but subsequently became sole proprietor and principal of
this institution, which, under her management, became one of the
most noted young ladies' schools in the country, and which she
conducted until a few years before her death, February 17, 1895.
An efficient teacher. Miss Eastman was also endowed with great
business capacitv. She made her school profitable, and acquired a
large property; but her benevolent nature impelled her to contribute
largely for the benefit of worthy causes, and her total benefactions are
said to have exceeded $100,000. She was a devoted Episcopalian, and
a zealous worker for the Union cause during the late war.
MARIA L. EASTMAN".
211
��ELLEN BEAL MOREY.
ABBIE ELLEN BEAL, or Nellie Beal, as she was familiarly
called, was born in Orfordville, N. H., of parents who were
descended, on both sides, from Pilgrim stock, while the family lineage
has been traced back for several generations in England. When a
mere child she evinced that passion for music which has been the
dominating influence in her life, playing from memory at four years of
age selections from one of Palestrina's masses, which she had heard
her father perform upon the pipe organ, then, as now, a part of the
family establishment, and becoming, at eleven, organist of the village
church. Before fifteen she had fitted herself, with her mother's assist
ance, to enter one of the best schools in Massachusetts, which she did
one year in advance of the usual course. At eighteen she commenced
the study of music with Junius W. Hill of Boston. In 1874 she mar
ried Mr. Herbert E. Morey of Maiden, going abroad two years later
to pursue her studies in piano forte, organ, and theory, with Paul and
Reinecke of Leipsic, and Dr. Theodore Kullak of Berlin. Subsequent
seasons were spent in Rome, Florence, Milan, and London, in the
study cf vocal music and instrumentation. Returning to America,
Mrs. Morey organized a chorus and orchestra, which she herself con
ducted, being the first woman in America to use the conductor's baton.
For 20 years she has played the organ and had charge of church
music, teaching unremittingly during tl.e week. Her extensive travel
has brought her thoroughly in touch with the musical and artistic
centres of Europe, while her intense disinclination to the life of a
public performer has caused her to give up many opportunities which
would have made her name a famous one. She has five children, the
eldest being at school in Europe. Mrs. Morey is in the very prime of
life, a vigorous, handsome woman, entirely free from self-conscious
ness. Her summers are generally spent among the Alps, yet her heart
is loyal to her own "Switzerland of America"—New Hampshire.
��MRS. HENRY W. BLAIR.
DURING the eighteen years' service of ex-Senator Henry VV.
Blair in the congress of the United States, wherein he initiated
and championed various measures of commanding importance while
neglecting none of the calls of his constituents in other directions, he
was encouraged and sustained in his public work, as in his ready
response to the demands of social and professional life, by a loyal and
devoted wife, who had also given him strength and inspiration in his
previous years of service in the Union army in the war against rebel
lion. Eliza Nelson Blair is a native of Plymouth, daughter of Rev.
William and Dolly Sumner (Elliott) Nelson. Her father was a Metho
dist clergyman of great ability, one of the early "circuit-riders,'' who
settled in Plymouth when he retired from active ministerial labor.
She was educated in the Plymouth schools and at Newbury (Vt.) Sem
inary. While the one great fact in which Mrs. Blair takes pride, and
which she deems the honor of her life, is that she has been her hus
band's wife, sharing his desire to help the people—all the people,
regardless of race, sect, or condition, and encouraging him in all his
efforts to that end, she has a distinct individuality, and is a power
for good in the social and intellectual world. She has been an active
member of the "Woman's Anthropological Society," the "Garfield
Memorial Hospital," and the "National Association for the Advance
ment of Science" at Washington, of the " Interrogation" and " His
toric Art'' Clubs of Manchester, and the " Manchester Federation of
Women's Clubs," and is the first vice-president of the New Hamp
shire Federation, recently organized. A year ago she gave to the
world, through Lee & Shepard, the now famous novel, " Lisbeth Wil
son," which has been generally pronounced one of the best and most
wholesome stories of New England life and character ever produced.
She has one son, Henry P. Blair, a graduate of Dartmouth and a law
yer in Washington.
��FANNY HUNTINGTON RUNNELLS POOLE is directly de
scended from the early Huntingtons of Connecticut, who have
given us Governor Samuel Huntington, Jedediah Huntington in poetry,
and Daniel Huntington in art. She was born in Orford, and is the
daughter of Rev. M. T. Runnells, well-known as pastor and historian.
In June, 1895, she published the successful book of verses entitled, "A
Bank of Violets,'' which has already secured the favorable considera
tion of forty reviewers in America and England. She has received
appreciative letters from several of the literati, among them Pierre Loti,
I. Zangwill, and John Gilmer Speed, who is a grandnephew of John
Keats—one of her favorite poets. Mrs. Poole attended the seminary
at Tilton two years. She is a musician ; much of her early life
having been devoted to piano study begun under her mother's guid
ance. Eleven years were spent in music study and teaching in Boston,
New York, Frankfort (Ky.), and at the Parkesburg (Pa.) Classical
Institute. Her repertoire is extensive; Beethoven and Chopin are
her especial delight. Indeed, had it not been for her absorbing love for
literature she would have chosen the profession of pianiste. But the
poetry and charm of a quiet life appeal more directly to Mrs. Poole. In
1 89 1 occurred her marriage with Allan A. Paul Poole, a nephew of the
English historical painter, Paul Poole, R. A. Mrs. Poole and her
children have spent the last few summers near her fathers home at
Newport. Although Boston is her winter home, the long bright days
from May to November have usually found her, from earliest youth,
among the beautiful New Hampshire hills she loves so well.
MRS. FANNY H. R. POOLE.
2 l7
��MISS MARY D. FIFE.
ONE of the best known firms in Manchester is that of M. D. Fife
& Co., dealers in pianos and organs, occupying spacious quar
ters in the new Weston building. The head of this firm, Mary Doro
thy, daughter of John D. and Mary (Fowler) Fife, was born in Fenacook, educated at Penacook Academy, studied music with Professors
Jackman and Morey of Concord, and commenced teaching and playing
the organ in church at fifteen years of age. Subsequently she went
West, studied voice culture with her aunt, Mrs. L. M. Dunn, long
one of the most noted teachers of Chicago, piano with celebrated
German instructors, and taught for three years. Returning to New
Hampshire, she engaged for a time in teaching but her services
were soon sought by a piano and organ house at Laconia, on
account of her musical ability and knowledge of instruments. Accept
ing this position, and also playing the organ in church, teaching
music, accompanying at concerts, etc., she remained at Laconia until
1885, when she went to Manchester and established the firm of M. D.
Fife & Co. Her father was for a time associated with her, but for
several years the business, which is the largest in the state, and the
only one in this line conducted by a woman, has been managed
entirely by herself. Meanwhile she has pursued her piano studies in
Boston, with Warren A. Locke, exponent of the Deppe Method, and
taught the same extensively in Manchester. Her practical knowledge
of the piano and the merits of the various makes, is of great ad
vantage to herself and patrons, and by her persistent efforts to
induce the purchase of the best instruments, she has contributed
greatly to the elevation of the musical taste of the community. Miss
Fife has been an earnest supporter of all measures promotive of musi
cal culture and progress, and first gave impulse to the movement
culminating in the recent symphony concerts in Manchester, and the
organization of the New Hampshire Philharmonic Society.
��AMONG the musically gifted daughters of New Hampshire, Katherine Prescott Crafts may justly claim a place in the foremost
rank. On her father's side she is a direct descendant of Col. William
Prescott of Bunker Hill fame, and on the side of her mother, claims
kinship to Mary Scudder, immortalized in the " Minister's Wooing."
The talent that has been her best heritage, and aided by her great
energy has given her an enviable place in the musical world, comes
from no remote ancestry. Her father, David Porter Prescott, was
long conspicuous in musical circles, possessed a voice of great com
pass and sweetness, and was recognized as one of the best tenors New
Hampshire has known. By the death of her mother, when she was
but four years of age, Katherine was left to the care of her father.
Singing as naturally as the birds in spring, but one career was sug
gested for her. She received her early education in the public schools
in Bristol, her native town, and studied French and German later with
private teachers. She began the study of music in Boston in 1885,
receiving the best instruction the city afforded. Obstacles were pre
sented but they were quietly but firmly overcome. Her voice, a high
soprano, became with cultivation one of rare purity and sweetness. She
declined flattering opportunities to sing in concert and opera, preferring
the excellent church positions offered. Among these may be noted
the First church. Maiden: the Unitarian, Concord, N. H. ; and the
First Congregational. Melrose, while her last engagement was with the
Union Congregational, Boston. To study her art abroad has been a
dream of her life that she hopes yet to realize. June 17, 1895, in the
little home church in Bristol, Katherine White Prescott was married to
William Howard Crafts of Boston, and their home is in that city. Mrs.
Crafts is one of "New Hampshire's Daughters," and takes a very
active interest in the Association.
KATHERINE PRESCOTT CRAFTS.
221
��KATE HOWARD BROWN, daughter of Nathaniel Bennett and
Lydia Wardwell Crockett, was born in the town of Andover.
Maine, July 17, 1853. Her family descended from good old New Eng
land stock. Her great-grandfather, Joseph Wardwell, was an officer
in the Revolutionary War, and a personal friend of General Lafayette,
who presented him with a sword. Both grandfathers fought in the
War of 18 1 2. In her young womanhood her parents moved to Boston,
Mass., where she commenced the study of art, which she has pursued
with much diligence since. In August, 1874, she was united in mar
riage with Gen. F. P. Brown, a merchant of Whitefield, N. H., where
they have since resided. She was converted in 1880, since which time
she has been active in all lines of Christian work. She is a Chautauquan of the class of '86. For many years she has been actively con
nected with the W. C. T. U., has several times been reelected Cobs
county president ; was delegate to the National Convention at New
York in 1888; the World's W. C. T. U. Convention at Chicago in
1893; and the Third Biennial Convention held in London in 1895,
at which time she made a tour of Europe. She has been trustee of
the Mercy Home in Manchester since its establishment.
Being
blessed with robust health, she has been enabled to accomplish
a great deal in her domestic life which is her chief delight.
MRS. K. P. BROWN.
��OTH paternal and maternal grandsires of Emily Allen Bruce, Rev.
were among the early
settlers of Wolfeborough, N. H. Here she was born and received her
early education, becoming proficient in French and Latin, as well as
the higher English branches. While yet very young, through the in
fluence of her elder brother, then a student in Harvard Theological
school, she was appointed teacher in the Dudley school, Roxbury,
where she taught until her marriage with George E. Bruce in 1866.
Five prosperous and happy years followed, during which two beautiful
boys came to perfect the home. Two years later Mrs. Bruce was
childless and a widow ; and the great Boston fire of 1872 had destroyed
her husband's flourishing business. Happiness being denied her, she
resolved to be useful, to fill her life with intense activity. To this end
she received into her family a number of young people of literary and
artistic tastes, and made for them a veritable home : took up the study
of the German language, drawing, and painting, pursuing these studies
with undiminished zeal until 1881, when, feeling that still greater use
fulness was possible to her, she resolved to study medicine, and the
same year entered Boston University School of Medicine, from which
she graduated with honors in June, 1884. A month later found her in
Paris, where, in hospitals, clinics, and medical lecture rooms, two most
busy and fruitful years were passed. Soon after her return home Dr.
Bruce settled in Boston and has since devoted herself with unabated
enthusiasm to her large and ever increasing practice. Possessing by
nature the instincts of the scholar and philanthropist, she has from
early life identified herself with scientific, literary, and charitable asso
ciations ; is at present member of the Educational and Industrial Union,
Associated Charities of Boston, New England Woman's Club, National
Society of Electrotherapeutists, Societi Francaise d'Electrotherapie,
and various other medical and non-medical organizations.
225
��THE daughters of New Hampshire have had many worthy repre
sentatives among the verse-writers of America, none of whom
has manifested a deeper insight into nature and the human heart with
all its longing aspirations, or a closer touch with the Infinite, than
Mary Helen Boodey, "the sweet singer of Laconia," whose life song
ended here, on the twenty-ninth day of April, 1880, but the pure,
spiritual beauty of whose verse will touch the heart of the reader for
many a year to come. Miss Boodey was born in Dover, December 11,
1847, and subsequently resided in Alton, but passed the greater por
tion of her life in Laconia, where her father, the late Jacob P. Boodey,
whose death preceded hers but a few weeks, was many years register
of deeds for the county of Belknap. Her poems, written at intervals
from her fifteenth year till the close of her life, appeared in various
publications in New Hampshire and Massachusetts, the first in the
Boston Home Journal. The later productions of her pen, both in
verse and prose, were presented through Ballou's Monthly, of which
she was an assistant editor from 1871 until compelled to retire from ill
health. Although a strain of sadness often pervaded her verse, there
was also a deep well-spring of joy in her soul, the stirring of whose
waters by some tender emotion carried good cheer to other hearts,
while her trust in the Eternal was ever-abiding, as strikingly manifest
in the beautiful poem, "After I Die." Her sensitive nature was
burdened and oppressed by the sight and sound of the world"s harsh
experiences, which eventually crushed out her young life ; yet the
same chord which shuddered and trembled at the cry of pain was as
sensitive to the sweet note of the song-bird, and as easily attuned to
joy as to sadness. It is the hope of many that the scattered produc
tions of this sweet singers pen may yet be collected and preserved in
enduring form. No worthier contribution could be made to the per
manent literature of the state.
MARY HELEN BOOUEY.
227
��MISS C. R. WENDELL has always resided in Dover, the place
of her birth. On the paternal side she is of Dutch ancestry,
her father, Daniel H. Wendell, Esq., being of the same stock as Wen
dell Phillips and Oliver Wendell Holmes. The Wendell family is
contemporaneous with the old Knickerbocker families of New York,
Evert Jansen Wendell, the original ancestor in this country, having
emigrated from Holland and settled in Albany about 1640. Her
mother, who was a woman of remarkable strength of character, was
descended from the English family of Jennings. In early womanhood,
Miss Wendell's life was heavily shadowed by the death of an only
brother and sister. The former was a prominent surgeon in the War
of the Rebellion, and died a few years after its close from the over
work and exposure of army life. Inheriting a strong love for benevo
lent and reform movements, Miss Wendell's life has been a busy one.
She is a woman of strong individuality and progressive thought, pos
sessing keen perception and fine executive ability, combined with quick
sympathy, broad charity, and a consecrated spirit. For thirteen years
she was corresponding secretary of the New Hampshire Woman's
Christian Temperance Union, and devoted herself with untiring zeal to
the work of the organization, much of its steady and successful growth
being due to her efforts. She was chiefly instrumental in securing the
passage of the Scientific Temperance School law and has labored earn
estly for its enforcement. In 1892 she was elected state president which
position she still holds ; and she is also president of the trustees of
the W. C. T. U. Mercy Home for girls at East Manchester. Miss
Wendell is an active member of other philanthropic societies, a thor
ough believer in equal suffrage and always ready to aid any cause that
has for its object not only the advancement of her sex but the better
ment of humanity.
I
CAROLINE R. WENDELL.
229
��MRS. FRANCES B. SANBORN, one of the most scholarly,
cultured, and intellectual of the daughters of New Hampshire,
was born in Littleton, November 15, 1 841 . From her parents, Henry
Adams Bellows, late chief justice of the supreme court of the state, and
Katherine Walley Bellows, the daughter inherited an estate in literary
and intellectual gifts, in refinement of character and taste, in a sympa
thetic nature, and delicacy of moral perception. Her father removed
to Concord in 1850, and Mrs. Sanborn attended the public schools in
that city. In 1861 she entered the sophomore class of Antioch Col
lege, Ohio, of which her uncle, the late Thomas Hill, D. D., was
president. Under his instruction she went through the course of study,
and made up the work of four terms in one, and graduated in 1863.
In 1872 she was married to Hon. Chas. P. Sanborn, a brilliant lawyer,
once speaker of the house of representatives, and identified with the
political interests of the state. Mr. Sanborn died in 1888, leaving
three children. With an indomitable will, with wide learning, and an
extraordinary gift at inspiring the love of learning in others, and a
happy facility of imparting knowledge from her own abundant stores,
Mrs. Sanborn has for fifteen years conducted a private school in Con
cord, given instruction to private pupils, and carried on classes for
ladies in history, literature, and art. Her classes have represented the
best culture in the city, and her personal influence has been far-reaching
for good. In 1894 she began giving talks on subjects of literary, his
torical, and social interest in Concord, Keene, Franklin, Manchester,
and other places. These talks grew out of a demand, consequent on
her success with her classes for ladies, and now meet with steadily in
creasing appreciation.
FRANCES 1i. SANBORN.
23l
��ELLEN THOMAS LIBBEY, daughter of Henry and Eveline
Thomas, was born at Littleton, September, 1843. From girl
hood she was possessed of rare common sense, —a gift heaven born.
She also combined that gentleness and strength of character which go
to make up our finest women. For some years she was a teacher in
the public schools of Whitefield, where she met, and. in 1865, married
Mr. Henry C. Libbey of that town, who is extensively known as one
of the foremost lumber merchants of the state. In 1890 they came
to Lisbon, where they now reside. Their home is one of the finest
residences in New Hampshire. Mrs. Libbey has been actively
engaged in the work of the Woman's Christian Temperance Union,
and at the present time she occupies the position of trustee of the
"Mercy Home," in Manchester. Her generous giving of time and
money for the uplifting of humanity, has endeared her to the affec
tions of many a lowly, suffering soul. She has travelled extensively
in her own country, and many of her friends have listened with pleas
ure to her description of Yellowstone Park. Pike's Peak, and other
places, as seen by her during a recent extended journey through the
West. Mrs. Libbey is seen at her best in her own home, where she
presides with rare gentleness and dignity. Those who have shared
her hospitality, and felt there the tender warmth of her genial nature,
realize best the true woman she is. Her marriage has been blessed
with four children—Mrs. Blanche Langford of Littleton, Herman
Libbey of the same town, Miss Grace, a student in Tilton Seminary,
and Miss Ethel, who is still at home.
MRS. HENRY C. LI BUY
233
��FEW lives have been deeper and stronger in reform and philan
thropic work than Urania E. (Brackett) Bowers. She was born
in Amherst, Mass., September 13, 1835, the daughter of Charles and
Lucy Brackett. Her ancestors came from Scotland, and settled in
North Haven, Conn. John Brackett, her grandfather, was for six
years in the Revolutionary war, and was at Saratoga when Burgoyne
was taken. Mrs. Bowers's youth was passed in Holyoke, and her early
education received in the public schools of that city. Later she entered
Williston Seminary at Easthampton, residing in the family of Hon.
Payson Williston, a relative by marriage. Desirous of becoming a
teacher, she entered the Normal school at Westfield. Her success in
teaching in the Holyoke public schools proved the wisdom of her
choice. In 1858 she was married to Dr. George Bowers of Nashua, a
man who stood high in his profession, and whose noble principles
made him a wise counsellor and assistant in all her work for humanity.
Mrs. Bowers is one of the most active women of Nashua in the ad
vancement of morality and religion. She was president of the
W. C. T. U. of Nashua for five years, and was successful in establish
ing a reading-room for young women. It was largely through her
efforts that a matron was secured on the police force. She went be
fore both branches of the city government to present the necessity of
such an appointment. She has been superintendent of the literature
department in the state W. C. T. U. for three years, and local seven
years, and was delegate to the Chicago World's Fair convention as a
representative of the county of Hillsboro. As a church member she
is active, serving for several years as deaconess on the board of
stewards in Pilgrim church. Her firm adherence to principle and de
termination to do what is right have made her successful in all her efforts
for character-building. Her only child. Dr. G. A. Bowers, is a graduate
of a university in Pennsylvania, and a successful dentist in Nashua.
235
��MRS. MIRANDA TULLOCH, daughter of Ahira and Eliza
beth Pillsbury Barney, was born in Grafton, December 18,
1835. Her great-great-grandfather, Aaron Barney, with five others,
bought the entire township of Grafton ; and her grandfather. Jacob
Barney, was the first child born in the place. Her great-great-grand
father, Edward Evans of Salisbury, was a graduate of Oxford Univer
sity, England, and a distinguished officer in the Revolutionary War.
His commission as Adjutant, 2d Reg., N. H. Militia, is dated July 18,
1777, and signed by Meshech Weare, President of the State Council,
at Exeter. Miss Barney studied at the Fisherville, Andover, and Ca
naan academies, and finished at Sainte Marie, Canada. She was mar
ried to Charles R. Swain of Belmont, who died in 1862. In 1863 she
went to Washington in the service of the New Hampshire Soldiers'
Aid Association, and labored earnestly until the close of the war.
She married in 1866 Hon. Thomas L. Tulloch of Portsmouth, one
of the most prominent citizens of her native state, and continued to
reside in Washington, where her husband held prominent government
positions. Mr. Tulloch died in 1883, and their child. Henry V.
Tulloch, is now a student at Princeton University. Mrs. Tulloch
passes her winters in her pleasant home in Washington, and her
summers in travel, of which she is very fond. She has been several
years President of the Ladies' Aid Association of the Metropolitan
M. E. Church, of which she is a member; President of the District
Home Missionary Society ; officially connected with the Garfield Me
morial Hospital ; Deaconess, Home and Sibley Hospital ; Children's
Hospital: Training School for Nurses; Woman's Christian Associa
tion ; Old People's Home : Foreign Missionary Society, etc. ; Vicepresident-General of the Daughters of the American Revolution, and
an active member of the Anthropological Societies. Mrs. Tulloch is
a woman of strong character and marked executive abilities.
MRS. THOMAS L. TULLOCH.
237
�\
�CLARA AUGUSTA JONES was born in Farmington, N. H.,
within a half mile of the childhood's home of the late Vice-Presi
dent Henry Wilson, and was the daughter of Jeremiah Jones, and his
wife, Tamson Roberts. Her grandmother on her father's side was the
accomplished daughter of Col. Crane, an officer in the British army,
and a lineal descendant of Henry, Earl of Surry. Her maternal
grandfather served in the Revolution and at the close of the war walked
home from Charleston, S. C.. barefooted, with a handful of worthless
Continental money to recompense him for long years of hard and
perilous service. Clara Augusta was the child of her father's old age,
and a very precocious child, as well. Her first published article ap
peared when she was but thirteen years of age. and since that time she
has written continuously, for newspapers, magazines, and periodicals
without number. Perhaps her best known articles are the "Kate
Thorn " papers and essays, which have been copied widely, as well as
translated into several languages for use in foreign periodicals. The
Lippincotts of Philadelphia published a volume of her poems some
years ago, and she is the author of several humorous books, the most
noted of which is "The Adventures of a Bashful Bachelor." Nearly
eighteen years ago she was married to Mr. Elbridge S. Trask, and
resides in Framingham Centre, Mass., in one of the old historic
mansions of that charming suburban town. Mrs. Trask is a member
of the New England Woman's Press Association, of the Daughters of
New Hampshire, of the Gen. J. G. Foster W. R. C., of the Framingham Woman's Club, and a well-known worker in the order of the
Patrons of Husbandry. She is still in the literary harness, and finds
herself often pressed for time to meet her numerous engagements.
CLARA AUGUSTA TRASK.
239
��MRS. L. M. DUNN was born in Pembroke, daughter of Joel
and Lois (Morgan) Fife. Her father had a remarkable tenor
voice, and led the choir in his native town for thirty years. From him
she inherited her great musical gift, possessing a grand soprano voice,
which musicians will readily recall. At ten years of age she stood
beside her father in church and carried the soprano, and at fourteen
was one of the leading sopranos in Dr. Bouton's church in Concord.
During ex-President Bartlett's ministry at the Franklin Street church,
Manchester, she was the soprano for a term of years, and subsequently
at Church Green, Dr. Dewey's in Boston. She inherited from her
mother literary and artistic tastes, and received diplomas for crayon
work in three states. She studied with the most eminent vocal
teachers in this country, and spent two years abroad, investigating the
vocal methods there. The climax of her studies was with Madam
Cappiani, unquestionably the greatest teacher in this country, whose
instruction she enjoyed for three years. She has been twice married :
first, to George Bradley, a son of the late Hon. Richard Bradley of
Concord; and later, to Hon. James F. Dunn, of Galesburg, 111. This
was at the breaking out of the Civil War, and Mr. Dunn, being a per
sonal friend of Governor Yates, they were invited to go down to the
battlefield of Shiloh, immediately after the battle, and Mrs. Dunn was
the first woman on that field. She went as a guest of Governor Yates,
but the suffering of the wounded soldiers enlisted her sympathies to
such a degree that she nursed them during the passage up the river to
the hospitals. She was president of the Soldiers' Aid Society, and
her grand voice was heard weekly in entertainments to raise funds to
send supplies to the hospitals. Since the death of Mr. Dunn, she has
lived in Chicago, and is one of the noted vocal teachers in that great
western metropolis.
��THE daughter of the Rev. and Mrs. Daniel Plumer Cilley, Mrs.
Waldron, was born in her father's pastorate in Manchester.
Early removal to Boston, Mass., caused her to be educated almost
wholly in that city, through schools, private tutors, and the paternal
study full of books. To descent from the well known Plumers and
Cilleys, she adds that from Frosts, Sherburnes, and Pepperells of colo
nial note, through her mother, formerly Miss A. A. Haines, a favorite
preceptress in the Parsonsfield, Me., and Strafford Academies. She is
a charter member of the D. A. R., a state officer of the YV. C. T. U.,
belongs to the club of N. H. D., the N. E. W . P. A., and the Pascataqua Congregational Club. Her marriage to John Waldron, Esq.,
of Farmington, took place in 1871, and of their two daughters the
elder, Adelaide Cecil, survives. Since her first poem appeared, in
Lippincott's Magazine, while she lived in North Carolina, her work has
been printed in many periodicals, from Harper's Magazine to first-class
daily papers, and by publishers of holiday books. Mrs. Waldron,
lacking the aggressiveness of many less gifted, is a woman of unusual
abilities and most versatile talent, writing well always, whether in verse
for special occasion, a hymn, a strong sonnet, a story for children, let
ters for newspapers, or articles carefully compiled for educational and
historical journals. She craves the best in everything, —music, art,
literature, life,—yet never refuses tasks incident to a country home.
With a splendid ancestry of gallant soldiers, her record is the brav
est of them all, for with the exquisitely sensitive temperament of a true
poet and accomplished musician, yet handicapped in many ways, she
battles patiently where others would lose courage. Full of kindly
thoughts and gentle humor, sincere to the core, a working club wo
man, a faithful friend, as a writer never lowering her standard for
popularity or pay, true always to her highest ideals, she is an honor to
New Hampshire, and a constant delight to those who know her best.
ADELAIDE CILLEY WALDRON.
243
��WOMAN'S superior capacity for imparting instruction to the
young, or stimulating the \outhful mind in the search for
knowledge, has long been recognized, and women have been more
generally employed than men as teachers in our public schools, But
woman's capacity for administration, whether in school management or
otherwise, has not been so generally conceded. A female member of a
board of education was an anomaly but a few years ago, and the selec
tion of a woman for superintendent of schools, in any large town or city,
would have occasioned universal surprise. One of the first women in
the gauntry to occupy the latter position was Mrs. Luella M. Wilson, a
native of New Hampshire, then of Des Moines, Iowa. Mrs. Wilson
was born in Lyman, daughter of William and Maria (Stephens) Little.
She was educated in Providence, R. 1., and at the Methodist Semi
nary and Female College at Newbury, Vt. She commenced teaching
at an early age, being engaged in country schools in northern New
Hampshire and Vermont. In November, 1866, she married Dr.
Adams B. Wilson, of Bradford, Vt., who settled in Littleton. Three
years later he died, and Mrs. Wilson removed to Des Moines, where
she engaged as a teacher in the public schools, Her first position was
in the primary grade, but her marked ability was soon recognized and
she was rapidly advanced till she became principal in the Irving build
ing, and demonstrated such capacity for school management that she
was soon made superintendent of the city schools, a position which she
filled with great success until June, 1889, when she resigned to spend
a year in travel and study in Europe. Returning to America in 1890,
she located in Chicago, where she established, and still conducts, the
Stesiin school, a first-class private boarding and day school for young
ladies, at 4106 Drexel Boulevard. Mrs. Wilson is a member of the
Illinois Woman's Press Club, and has written extensively for the press
on educational and miscellaneous topics.
LUELLA M. WILSON.
2 45
��CLARA LOUISE WASON was born in New Boston, and was the
only daughter of Sydney and Louisa (Trull) Hills. Her early
education was obtained in the country district schools, and was supple
mented by a course at Appleton academy. New Ipswich. When a
school girl she developed a taste for music, and after leaving the
academy she was a student of music at the New England Conservatory
in Boston, and became an excellent singer. In September, 1863, she
married Hon. George A. Wason, and lived upon a farm in her native
town until 1885, when she and her husband removed to Nashua, where
they have since resided. For four years Mrs. Wason was Ceres of the
New Hampshire State Grange, and has always been a devoted and con
scientious worker in this order, and many religious and missionary
societies. She is a woman of culture, and possesses rare foresight
into the future, keenly observing the problems of the day, and doing
whatever she undertakes with vigor and dispatch. Her life has been
one of activity, and her influence for the right. Her example and
accomplishments may well be pointed out as the achievement of a selfmade woman, She has three sons : Edward H. Wason, a well-known
lawyer in Nashua; George B., one of the firm of Wason, Pierce & Co.,
Boston, Mass., and Robert S.,a student in the Massachusetts Institute
of Technology, Boston.
MRS. GEORGE A. WASON.
247
��FRANCINA
THE woman who, under the adverse conditions of restricted
country life, resolutely determines to make the most of the
powers with which she is endowed, and labors persistently to that end,
despite all obstacles, is entitled to greater credit than many who, under
favoring conditions, win fame and distinction. Francina D. Smith,
born in Springfield, December 13, 1844, was one of eight children of
William P. and K. Maria Spooner Smith. Ambitious for an educa
tion, endowed with a musical nature which she longed to cultivate,
though encouraged by a kind father and true and loving mother, she
had to depend mainly upon her own efforts. While aiding her parents
largely, both in the house and on the farm, she made the best of the
limited advantages of the town school, often walking miles to attend
the same. At sixteen she commenced teaching, and in seven years had
taught eighteen terms, meanwhile securing for herself the benefit of a
few terms' attendance at Colby Academy. During one term, while
teaching, she walked three miles every Saturday to take a music lesson,
practicing all day. Another term, while " boarding 'round,'' she hired
an instrument, moving it from place to place and practicing all her
leisure time. At twenty-three she married Rufus Hall of Grantham,
receiving an organ as her husband's wedding gift, which was afterwards
exchanged for a piano. When thirty-five, and the mother of three
children, she took her first and only term of piano lessons, to secure
which she drove ten miles to meet the class, the teacher coming an
equal distance. When eleven years old, Mrs. Hall was a singer in the
choir, and for more than twenty years has been organist in the M. E.
Church at Grantham, and teacher in the Sunday-school, and for three
years superintendent. She is the mother of four children, whom
she has taught music, and has given lessons to others for many years.
����������i
����
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Books, Booklets, Ledgers, & Diaries
Digital File
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
New Hampshire Women: A Collection Of Portraits & Biographical Sketches
Description
An account of the resource
A 249 page collection of indexed portraits & bios, from various NH women, from different walks of life, from the late 1800's. This collection contains many women from Farmington NH.
They are: page 133-Winnifred Helen Berry, page 141-Mrs. Evannah S. Price, page 167-Martha A. Hayes Safford, page 171-Lucy A. Ricker Small, page 239-Clara Augusta Trask, page 243- Adelaide Cilley Waldron
This item is a digital file and it does no exist in the physical museum collection.
FHS-RKL
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1895
Date Created
Date of creation of the resource.
1895
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
New Hampshire Publishing Company-President, J.G. Batterson, Jr.
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
New Hampshire Publishing Company-President, J.G. Batterson, Jr.
bio
book
information
photos
women
-
https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/12165/archive/files/371ed3321b69cc1a89e8cb3e5d5ba283.pdf?Expires=1712793600&Signature=dLcxZymM33MDb6RrI3zXQGQd5LuggW9w3M4tAQGQpdhVR84bLMjdGW1xZaymo2D3zVIZkez3d5Qle0Rtz0ipDTAi3ZuTg%7EJ9ZskjP%7EoWW9trcAFvbtfI0aqsEyWxjFuuOxUI7LrL2ldRayMcYAsW0EsTsvL6k%7EnLIyPEjMV5pV80hR-kVH5hoQFzVH1sDUsJHeQEHJHsT9MGwziJ7%7EjNm0bdrEymIiK1G70je3rpium7Ggx%7EpR7BLe2yE9Y3N4ipCn6W2B2nyy82S8Aeu2bi9Uep%7Eu8C27iXPhCDL0ig6jdf7kkap8nMVYsdCsNANy1rg7K4sj1TKhA5c1CJtunITw__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM
a97d75e02ff949e54a5058179252f107
PDF Text
Text
Among the. Merchants.
The Farmington News
FRIDAY DDC. 20, 1907.
,
PUBLISHED EVERY FRIDAY MORNING
t.At Farmington, N. H., by
EDWIN
H. T H O M A S .
Wo wish It understood that for printing a card
of thanks we chargo 60 cents, and five cents a
lino for lilt of flowers »nd for resolutions.
,_
T
B
B
M
OF SUBSCRIPTION:
8
-
Ono year,
•
••
$1.50
If paid In advanco,
•
.
$1.00
Six months
•
- ~ .60
Three months,,
- .25
Correspondence on matters oMocal Interest In
ttio town is cordially invited. All communications
must be accompanied by the name of writer, not
.necessarily for publication, but as a guarantee of
good faith.
•
Advertising rates reasonable and furnished on
application.
^ • A adreas all ordors and communications to
;
J
•
FARMINGTON NEWS,
Farmington, N. H
Bon'voyage: ,-The fleet ~ A Merry Chriitnua to all our friends
Bed
men had the town
Wednesday
night.
Now«Heaven forbid a green Obnatmaa
in theariow line*. V . . , - .
IN MEMORIAM.
Farmington merchants are exceeding
ly busy these .days in their efforts to
make the best possible display of holi
day goods and so far they have succeed
ed.
T h e shp.w, windows never presented
a more attractive ' appearance than at
the present time. T h e stores are well
stocked and the merchants are ready to
give the trading public' of Farmington
and vicinity a large and most attractive
stock of . g o o d s " from which to make
their holiday selection.) Many report
that trade is already starting well and
that a great many goods are being put
aside for later delivery. The business
outlook in Farmington is particularly
good, nearly everyone being busy which
assures the merchants of an excellent
holiday trade. A traveling.man w h o baa
visited Farmington for 25 years, was in
town Monday and. reported that he re
ceived a n o r d e r a t e v e r y place he called
and that business was better in Farm
ington than any place be knew of. It
was one of the bright places on the map,
We call the attention of the public to
the m e r c h a n t s ' a d s ' i n the N E W S ; this
-week's paper contains s o m e very attrac
tive announcements.
A great many friends, including those
in Farmington, have been saddened by
the decease of Miss,Jennie E. NUes on
last Thursday at the private hospital of
Dr. Emerson, in Boston,-whither she
had been taken as a last resort, with a
faint hope* of prolonging her life. Ev
erything possible for her comfort was
done b y devoted relatives, both at home
anu in Boston, and her passing away is
deeply mourned. The funeral took place
Sunday afternoon at the School street
M. E. church in Berwick. Members of
the Sullivan high school class of 18S3,of
whiob the deceased was a. graduate, at
tended in a-body, and a large company
of friends gave token in their presence
and by the many beautiful flowers, of
their, esteem apd sympathy.
Among
family connections at the solemn service
was Mrs S. B*. Waldron of Farmington.
The casket waa placed in the receiving
tomb to await interment in the family
lot in the Farmington cemetery.
Miss Niles, born in Boston, Oct. 20,
1804, was the daughter o f Harris W , and
Mrs. Lovey (Libbey) Niles, the latter
dying when little Jennie was but a few
years old. T h e child then made her
home with..her aunt, Mrs. Ferrell, in
Chelsea, until the marriage of her father
to the*widow of D r . T u t t l e (Abbie Worster) of Somerswortb: She then return
ed to hiB.care and to that of the mother
between whom and herself there always
existed an affectionate and enjoyable
companionship. . ; -
The First Church and Parish.
PERSONAL.
N. h. Parker was in Boston Wednes
Probably two good .men whorhave
day. . •
charge of the regular collections at the
Congregational church never were more : ; Charles Whitehouse of Middleton was
pleasingly astonished in the course of in town this week. cheir Sunday duties than -were they on
John F. Cloutman is slowly gaining
December 15 when they found I n ' t h e from bis very serious illness.
morning offering a cheque for five hun
Miss Iva Whitehouse was a visitor in
dred dollars," this amount to be known
town Tuesday, from Rochester.
asthe Lucy Dodge Memorial Fund.^the
Edward F. Card has had a sharp at
Income to he used iu the support of the
tack of grip in the present week.
church and its customary exercises.
Frank J. Smith attended the State
The name given recalls to the elder, peo
at Manchester this
ple of tho community t h e ' s t o r y of a grange meeting
week.
loyal soul whose .devotion is thus com
memorated! but this ' should be known
M r s . ' C . A . Jones relumed to Old
also to our younger friends, - in merited Orchard Friday, accompanied h y . h e r
regard for both past and. present,,and as sister, Mrs. George W . Tanner.
a l e 8 8 o n f o r t h e future. In tho period ' Mr. and Mrs." Irving S. Grace have
of the civil war Mrs. Martha E. Edgerly c o m e home from the farm for the Season,
(her first marriage having been t o ' Cap but the latter is visiting in Middleton
tain Enoch Dodge who was'killed in the this week
war) brought a homeless little black girl
Do You Bat Pie?
to her own home in South Berwick", Me.,]
...
"S ' y °
e misslughalf the pleasure of
and the child was known as.:Lucy life. Just order from your grocer a few pack
ages of " O U R - P J E " and learn how easy It Is to
Dodge. She was
taught everything make Lemon, Chocolate, and Custard pies that
practicable in the well appointed -house will please you. If your grocer won't simply
you, go to one who will.
;
hold, and at both c o m m o n , a n d Sunday
schools, and became a faithful and com
A Crisis and a Craze.
petent housekeeper. She was nearly as
There are t w o forces which cause
much at home in Farmington ? as at
modern England\to move—a crisis and
South Berwick, attending her mistress
a craze. It Is far less necessary t o d o
in visits to her brothers, 'and to. ber sis something that It great n o w in this
ter w h o was the first wife o f " James B. country than it Is to* d o something that
Edgerly, and upon the marriage of. Mrs.' •will attract the attention of a great
Dodge to. the latter,'several'-^ears after many. The circumstances might have
the sister's decease, Lucy became per had a curious effect on the celebrated
manently resident in town and was ever of:the past could they have delayed ex
a devout attendant upon exercises^bf the isting until n o w . For lustance, Shake
speare today would probably have had
church, taking honest pleasure in con
to attempt to swim the channel to sus
tributing to its support and good works.
tain the attention o f playgoers, Crom
In failing health, after the decease' of well might have found it advisable -to
her kind mistress", Lucy was given every,; take trips in a "navigable balloon" to
possible care by the members pi the keep himself before the general public,
family which.she held as hers, until she' Garrlck might have elected to descend
followed those whose loss ' she > had from the skies In a parachute to adver
mourned. It is l i k e ' the conscientious tise himself satisfactorily, and it might
have been necessary -for the beautiful
and public spirited head of the "house
Duchess "of ^ Devonshire, to maintain
hold,- James Bl Edgerly, to .have planned
her social reputation, t o figure occa
thus generously for the continuance of sionally in the divorce c o u r t Motor
a part in the progress of the chnroh and accidents, thefts of jewelry and of
parish, in the name of' the loyaljfriend other property, fires and civil and crim
inal actions are, of course, more Impor
whose memory is thus perpetuated*
tant elements in the. building up and
maintaining of a "reputation" among
Possum.
us n o w than is mere excellence.—Lon
Preferably possum shor.ld be cjooked
don Truth.
over n wood fire In n.log cabin'anrj sea
soned with the odorous blue snio[ke of
Explosion by Music.
hickory-' and ash as- the! lid o f the-i
One o f the most dangerous of all ex
oven is lifted n o w and again t o i g l y e
plosives Is a black powder called Iodide
a glimpse of the promised- viarid' to
of nitrogen. When It'is dry the slight
those w h o wait with whetted appetite
est touch will- often cause It to explode
f o r ' t h e coming feast. With the) pos
with" great violence. There appears tc
sum and tuters there should be. served
be" a certain rate of vibration which
either ,the ordinary Kentucky.":corn this compound cannot resist
In ex
pone—If. such an adjective may be) not. periments to determine the cause of
Improperly applied to anything'so pare its-extreme explosiveness some, damp
—or the Olympian cracklln* bread of iodide of nitrogen was rubbed on the
the hog killing season. In justice to strings of a bass viol. It is known
the possum it must be said -that .'nei that the strings of such an instrument
ther corn pone nor crackllug bread is will vibrate when those of a similar
necessary, but it serves well not- onlj Instrument hnriug nn equal tension are
to mop up the gravy, but also to p r e played .upon. In this case, after the
vent the possum and the yams from explosive had become thoroughly dry
melting in the mouth too rapidly for upon the strings, another bass viol was
the flavor to be enjoyed in the fullest. brought near and the strings sounded.
The finest possums ori earth are found At a certain note the Iodide of nitro
In the woodlands of the Pennyriie dis gen on the prepared Instrument ex
trict of Kentucky, and they reach per ploded. It was found that the explo
fection, about' the time the perfumed sion occurred only when a rate of vi
pawpaw becomes so ripe that it falls bration o f sixty a second w a s com
from the parent stem and reposes in municated to the prepared strings. Vi
all of Its golden beauty'in the orange- bration of the G string caused an ex
tinted leaves that the earth has first plosion, while, that of the E string had
claimed as tribute from the frees foi no effect—Chicago. Record-Herald.
her enrichment — Louisville Courier
Journal.
*,
- .
1
Buy Soon.
Xmas
E
ACH- CHRISTMAS.it is always a perplexing question, as to just what to
purchase for a suitable gift.: The tendency of late years is to select
• - articles that have the advantage of being sensible, practical and use- v
ful, which proves our love, affection' or friendship^ much more, forcibly and
serviceably than the fancy unpractical articles which formerly were used s o 'i
extensively.
.
.
_ •' •
; ' .-' "
.
.
:
?
:
We submit a'list of articles that we trust may; assisl you in selecting :-'
your Christmas presents, and-remember that the enormous stock which.we, .
carry presents an opportunity for selection which few stores, if; any, in New
Hampshire can equal.
-".
--
Clothing Dept.
Fur Coats
. Fur Lined Coats
Overcoats
'Raincoats
Reefers
Suits
Fancy Vests
House Coats
Bath Robes
Russian Vests
Beach Jackets
- v. -
.
V
:
:
t
:
Sweaters
Cardigan Jackets
-Sweater Cardigans...
Detachable Fur Collars v
Fur-Caps- . - Warm' Winter Caps
Toques
- :
-, Tarns
". ••'
Underwear
Union Suits
• Fancy Bosom Shirts " • """
. White Bosom Shirts; ,
Night. Shirts
Heavy Wool Shirts,
Soft Shirts. . Silk. Handkerchiefs
Linen and Lawn Handkerchiefs..
• in handsome special boxes
\
Susperidersin handsontespc'l box's
Umbrellas in individual boxes
Neckwear ; ,
...Hosiery
Fur Gloves , Fur Lined Gloves
Dress Gloves. - Working Gloves,
Knit Gloves •
;
Mittens of all descriptions V
Mufflers
' \
Sleeve. Elastics
Garters
V Wristers" ;
Ear Protectors /Cuffs <& Collars.
Cuff Buttons i
Collar Buttons
"
'StickPins,Etc.
'•.>'•'
;
• •
•
Beach Vests
;
:
:
t
/;
:
u i u i
J. P . Bennett, a dealer in men's fur
' Epsom salts seem to b e coming up in
nishings "during a long residence in
the scientific world. Farmington, will fit one out with • every
, T w o members of thiP cabinet,. Secre thing he may need in" his wardrobe or
taries . Cortelyou and Metcalf, are ill in his'traveling trunks. ~ Just n o w his
with grip.
windows show a dazzling array of. neck
ties, and a lady in search of a tie for
Are your I stockings g o o d and'.ready gift will be certain to find there just the
for that " n i g h t before Christmas, w^hen sort that will; please all concerned. In
fact, ladies often g e t neckwear from the
MRS CHABLES COOK.
r- alt .through the h o u s e , " e t c etc. etc. ..
men's clothier, for- their, own use; and
I t is w i t h ' d e e p sorrow that the. de
All the newspapers declare Thomas
there are-other goods in "the Bennett cease of Mrs7 Charles Cook of Gardiner.
H. Dearborn to be a hustler, and that
store, w h i c h ' w o m e n are in the way of Me., has been learned by the people of
it is. u p to pests to disappear or to be
buying,
her native town.-having taken place D e c .
exterminated.
>15, from' typhoid fever. M r s . Cook
The address'of Ex-Governor Black o f
was ' formerly Miss- Abbie Burnham,
New Y o r k and N e w Hampshire, at the
It is so natural to have the "giving daughter of R. T. and the late Mrs. Nan
meeting of the state bar association in impulse," when thinking of friends, that cy (Pearl) Burnham of this village,
Concord last Thursday, was one to b e of course Farmington alwayB gives home whe.re she was born in 1865.
She, leaves
read with profound consideration. It is people a g o o d holiday trade, be the her husband and five children, three
replete with.wise and, serious sugges puree full or lean. Still oircumstances sons and two daughters, the youngest,
tion.
w : "' " V ; , • _.r .
occasionally lead one to look, at goods boy being in his third year. -She la sur
i n , neighboring cities. ." T h e ..Safford vived also by theleather,, two brothers
Judge David Cross of Manchester, the
mark, for instance, familiar to Farming- and two sisters, one of tho latter having
i -• oldest practising lawyer in the United
ton folk since 18G7, never could be been the daughter o£ Mrs. Burnnam
States,* with a son who is both poet; and
passed by, and Mr. Percival H . Safford an earlier.marriage, to the late -Stephen
preacher,'gave "an' address Tuesday at
will give' an. excellent bargain at his Horne, a brother of Jacob H o m e
the old home of-Whtttier on occasion of
Rochester store, in all sorts of fine North Main street. T h e funeral was
the observance of the poet's centennial
ware, in" gold, silver and jewels, rare held this - Thursday afternoon at the.
-.rat Amesbury,-Mass.;;::.
"~
and in clocks of every shape, i n . c u t home of one of the brothers, G.
glass, gun-metal, and in trinkets, with Burnham of "Central street, and inter
W e agree with the Laconia Democrat countless charming trifles..
ment is to be made in family grounds in
in thls-wofd as to a recent .notable ad
Pine Grove cemetery, where a y o u n g
"The name of Feineman"'has been
-; dr<i«sijy Governor jflojd: ••We'--reckon
daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Cook was
the governor made o u t t pretty strong household word in this vicinity for gen
>
buried a number of years ago. Mrs,
defence for the Granite state, and at any orations, and all descendants of "Fred
Cook was an excellent wife and mother
and of " H e n r y , " as the. grandfathers
, rate it is a pleasant relief from the" 'con
and sister, and she was ever a true
t i n u a l knocking^ fault-finding and .slurs used to call those diligent and - thrifty
friend, while her fine qualities won
- which most of our prominent men seem brothers, will find friends among our
her, wherever she was, a warm and en
: to delight in when they speak of New people, whether in one line of trade, or
during respect and good will. She was
.Hampshire and her institutions." . ,
another, and whatever the name over
preeminently maternal in the best sense
the d o o r in Rochester.
of the word, and was especially happy
' I t could but be a scene o f splendor
Lothrop and Farnfcam are old county
when last Monday the-sailing signal by names .and ' are connected with the in the society of her loving and beloved
President Koosevelt, from the Mayflower records of this community in more than children, over whom Bhe exercised a sa
gacious and helpful influence. It seems
was followed b y " u p anchor", from every one instance: -Certainly the firm of
particularly distressing that, however
' vessel of. the great fleet of Rear Admiral Lothrop and Farnham will not be for
she" will be missed in the circle of her
Evans and his captains, and the column gotten by Farmington, and the n i m b e r
near friends, and in her home, she has
,of.six miles in; length, close'formation, of lines among the- immense , stock of
been taken from the little ones who ad
set forth from" Hampton Roads for the the firm will supply every need:
ded
to the happiness, if also to the
And having enjoyed a tour around the
other side of the world. I t Is 'probably
cares, of the parents and the elder cbil
streets of this city or that, we come
the only time when so magnificent
dren. ' So fond was she, so kindly and
•'speetacle.|revlewed'by s o . ploturesque home to find advantages equal to those
s o ' wise in her~ love, . in her family
. and remarkable . a figure - as Theodore in any place else, if not superior to the
relations,
her death is
indeed an
Roosevelt a s ' P r e s i d e n t of this extra conditions outside o f , o l d Farmington
irreparable bereavement, which has been
'Not a store in the state, that outdoes
ordinary, nation, will have gained'
Correct Interpretation Essential.
laid upon all who loved her, and warm
Many of the" most beautiful .pieces
plaoe in -the history o t . the
United the W . W . Roberts corner place, in holi
sympathy is felt b y eyery- one on this
of poetry In literature would s e e p un
/States, May every ship and every g o o d day beauty," said a person recently in
occasion.
Interesting and fiat If read by ja • bad
town.. And this is b a t one instance of
man on hoard come safely home in due
reciter. In the same w a y a good re,
the Farmington habit. .
..season.: > , . , . f
-..
•'*•'-•
MJfc THOMAS RUSSELL.
clter will make attractive a poem,
We. can shout np onr mercantile man
Friends in this vicinity will have sad whose ^beauties are not so apparent
- A.', recent
local, entertainment by
agers, in high C, every, time.' Hasten to
interest in the decease of Mr. Russell on A fine painter will light up each" little Sudden Deaths, Heart 'Failure and
-Hawaiians reminds us that Leslie's
buy, lest the articles y o u ' want may be
Dec. 7 in San Jose," Calif., where for a beauty in his pictures until the small Paralysis are Caused By Poisonous
Weekly, has given' interesting statistics
gone.
..' :'
est detail Is attractive and strikes, the
long time he had made hi* home with
relative to the island possessions o f the
Uric and Rheumatic Acid's
eye.
It Is only the mediocrity whose
And please d o not forget that the
his younger daughter, Emma, and her
United States. , In.1880 the natives num
w o r k is characterized by sameness and
ladies'sale will be'going on at the brick
husband, C. H, Perkins. He was born lack of interest—Strand Magazine. ..'
bored 108,000. There n o w are hardly
The Rheumatic person is skeptical re
church parlors,, when "you read these
June 3,1812, and was consequently well
garding the^claims of almost any remedy
20,000.' This decrease in population is
lines this "afternoon . and evening,
advertised to cure Rheumatism and' one
advanced in his ninety-sixth year, when
due to some extent to lack of habitual
with supper right, there.
can scarcely blame him for being so.
A Seal Wonderland.
weakness incident to old age caused his
sanitation,'and to delicacy o f constitu
Ail the plasters and liniments combined
South Dakota, with its rich.- bilver
peaceful falling asleep. M r . Russell was
tion natural' to certain races in mildnever actually cured a Case of Rheuma
mines, bonanza farms, wide ranges and
Our store .will: be closed all day
for many years a respected citizen of strange natural formations, is a veritable tism. T h e y may relieve it one quarter
weather l a n d s . - I n 1848, a great many Christmas, Wednesday, Dec. 25.
Farmington before his removal to Call wonderland. A t Monnd "City, in the but it is sure to break out somewhere
Hawaiians died of measles a n d ' m a n y
Salinger Brothers, ,
else. The only true way to cure Rheu
fornia.' H e i s survived by the daugbte home of Mrs E D Clapp, a wonderful matism is„to drive it from the system,
. Rochester, N . H.
; others j;have -died of small-pox. Kind „ L o c k B o x 89,
named and by his granddaughter, Miss case of healing has lately occurred. .Her for as long as the Uric and Rheumatic
and gentle, . y e t - i m p r o v i d e n t and 1MS
son seemed near.death with lnn'g and acid remains in the b l o o d , one is never
- Gaiana Wall Out of It.
Ethel R. Farnham.
ready t o w o r k than t o enjoy idle plea
throat trouble. ''Exhausting c o u g h i n g entirely-free from the trouble. This .is
T h e ; electric light plant o f Galena,
sure. So with '.'Aloha" on his lipey and 111., w a s installed in 1898 at a cost of
spells occurred eyery five
minutesi" where the
value of Uric-O. as a
writes Mrs Glapp, ''when I began giving permanent cure for Rheumatism comes
MBS.
KKNNISON.
the smile of content "the Hawaiian is 118,000.. It w a s sold the other day
Last Friday, D e c . 13, Mrs. Martha Dr King's New Discovery, the great in. ' I t seekB o u t the Rheumatic poison
passing away, and the land of his fathers for $13,000, but this price Included
m.edicine, that saved his life and, com in the b l o o d , muscles and kidneys, ren
twenty-flve.year light, p o w e r and trac Kennison, widow of J. E. Kennison
la being peopled with men and women
pletely cured him." Guaranteed for
tion franchise: Under ^the n e w con passed away at the' a g e ' of 74 years at coughs and colds, throat and lung troub ders it inert and harmless and drives it
from acroBS the sea,"
out of the system. That is why Uric-0
tract' the city will get practically twice her home on Spring street., She was the les, b y W W Roberts, druggist. 50c and
is such an admirable and effective cure
Logical Supposition.
the amount o f street lighting, that was
$1,00. Trial bottle free.
for Rheumatism.
_ Little . Lloyd — Papa, w a s George furnished b y the municipal plant at daughter of Mr. and Mrs. J. D . WalWashington -married to England? Pa- only. 10 per, cent greater c o s t T h e sale lingford who came to Farmington half
The chief reason that Uric-O.is such a
wonderful cure for Rheumatism is, that
: p a ^ b f course not, m y son. W h y do m e t with the unanimous approval o f century ago to make their home. By
;
it is designed and prepared to cure
. you. ask such "a silly question? Little the mayor and' c i t y ' council, as the her decease, following closely upon that
Rheumatism and (Rheumatism only. It
Lloyd—This book s a y s England is our plant had not been a success. "Ono of Mrs. Small, a second pension has
is composed of perfect antidotes for the
; mother country, and as George Wash account o f It says:
ceased in the present month, as a part of
Rheumatic acid poison in the system,
ington w a s the father of his country 1
That is the secret of its wonderful sue
"Its management w a s changed as the amount that h a s ' b e e n received by
supposed they were married.—Chicago
cess. Rheumatism simply cannot exist
o f t e n . a s n e w political cliques gained Farmington-pensioners.
- News.
«- ' '..-••*
*,.
in a person's system if Uric-0 is used.
power, and a t times there was n o street The funeral took place Monday, Elder
Uric-0 is sold by druggists at 75c and
Illumination' a t all. T h e commercial
v',' • Ha Was'Incorrigibly.
Joy officiating, with B. F. Perkins in
$1.00 the bottle, but if you still feel
service was inferior."
\
•
Underdone—My husband is complainskeptical about its efficacy you can test
charge.
; tng again o f your cooking, Mary. Mary
it free o f charge b y cutting ont this ad
No Expoauraa For Him.
vertisement and sending' same, together
"(reassuringly)—Oh,'mum,.I don't fake
CARD OF THANKS.
"Now,
here," said the enthusiastic
with your name and addresB, also the
; any notice o f him, for 'tis the^nature real estate agent to the prominent
We take this means o f making a slight
name of" your druggist, to the Smith
: of him to find fault Ain't he forever politician, "is one o f the most desir but sincere expression "of the gratitude
Drug Company, 218 Smith B l d g , Syra
, complalnln' o f - y o u , mum?—Illustrated able houses in .the capital. It has ex which we ever shall feel to our friends,
cuse, N Y , and they will send y o u a
Jilts.
. . .
who comforted and assisted us by-word,
posures all around"-^
sample bottle free. T o persons who
thought and deed on occasion of - the
''Good heavens," cried the prominent
write and say they have never used
sudden .decease o f ' o u r parent, brother
Good Natpr*.
PARKER'S
politician, with . a Btart o f dismay, and friend.
Uric-O, and want to test it thoroughly,
' HAIR B A L S A M
Good nature Is worth more than ''that's J u s t w h a t . I'm -trying to get
and will agree to take it systematically,
»nd beitrtifitl the Jafr.
"" • Miss Iva B. V\ hitehoiise
granotei t.luxuriant growth. ;
knowledge, more, than money, more away from!"—Baltimore American.'
according to directions, they frequently
Mever T«ll» to Bcitore Q r n
Mrs. Berry,
*
than honor, to the!persons Who possess
Hair to lta Youthful Color;
givo a regular 75c bottle free.
Mrs. Dawk ins.
*.J * P Awaits * hair (alliot'
^ r i c - 0 is Rold and personally recom
i t , - a n d certainly' t o everybody w h o
«te,andn.qpat BruplitiT*
Sentiment Not Enough.
mended in Farmingtou by W W Roberts
dwells with them, In s o far as mere
The mere sentiment for ownership Is
One dollar will buy a dollar and a half
. happiness is.concerned.—H. W.Beecher. n o t enough. It must be accompanied
worth; at our great mark-down sale.
by the cold figures to demonstrate Its
Salinger. Brothers,
practicability under a strictly business
. -Alona?
Lock Box 39,
Rochester, N H,
Aunt—And have you been all thnt test. Unfortunately the sentimentality
long way alone? Niece—Yes, auntie. of the case Is too often Indulged first
The Restless Piper.
Aunt—Then how Is it you went out and to .the exclusion o f the necessary
A Wall street financier was talking
,with an umbrella and came back with facts and figures.—Bloomlngton (111.)
'Fantagraph.
about music. "I like all music," he
a walking stick?—London Punch.
said, "except such native^and special
sorts as the tomtom, the bagpipes or
the Indian, hufaa give off. Did you
ever-notice how a piper prances up
and down as he pipes? H e never sits,
he never stands' still, but up and down,
round and round, to and fro, he struts
continually. A little boy, listening to
the weird skirl of tho bagpipes o f a
street performer, once said to his fa
We have just received a new line of Slippers
ther, 'Father, why does the piper keep
in all sizes and prices for Men, Women and 'Chil
on the move all the time he plays?'
I can't say, my boy,' the father an
dren, any of which would make an acceptable
swered, 'unless it is to prevent any
Christmas present.
one getting the range with a cobble
stone.'"
;
Santa Glaus
Shoe Depk
Fancy Slippers in large variety
Patent Colt Shoes, also shoes of all
prevailing style leather
Overshoes
Rubbers
Gaiters.
- Leggins
Babies' Shoes
Children's Shoes
Dress Shoes
,. Felt Shoes and Slippers
Dress. Suit Cases
- Leather Travelling Bags
Trunks ','
Fancy Felt Slippers,, great variety
;
:
!
Among the articles enumerated in this list, we tmst that you will find
many that will interest you,,and we hope to have the pleasure oj a visit/ from
you when making your Christmas purchases . ;We extend to you a cordial
invitation to make our store your headquarters'.during your holiday shopping,
and to leave all your parcels, extra wraps, etc., with us as it will be a,pleasure
to us to extend to yoii every possible courtesy and attention,
- " V
-
K
1 ;
1
Rheumatism Cannot Be
Cured Unless Uric-0
Is Used. \ .
1
New Hampshire's Largest Clothing and Shoe!
House, arid only wholesale Clothing
flanufacturers.
Custom Tailors.
Rochester, N. H.
1
7
;
Every Saturday after
noon, until further no
tice, C D. Colman, ihe
Real Estate man, can
be found at Room 5,
Odd
Fellows - Block,
Farmington, N. H., for
the buying and selling
of Real Estate and I n
surance.
C. D. COLMAN
I
:
Cure
5
c
1
J.F. Safford & Son
ROCHESTER.
WATCHES
DIAMONDS
PRICES
BROOCHES
SCARF
that are RIGHT in
U your baby thin, weak, fretful %
Make him a Scoff'J
baby.
Scoff's
Emulsion
^
H OLIO A Y
and Hypophosphitei prepared to that it it
easily digested bytittlefolks.
i
Consequently the baby that it fed on
Scoffs
Emulsion
it a sturdy, roty-
cheekedtittlefellow full of health and vigor.
ALL
DRUQOlSTSj *Oc. A N D 9I.OO.
Respectfully Submitted.
Recommended to the public" utilities
commission:
First—Immediate suppression o f the
surreptitious s u b w a y smoker.'
Second. — Municipal ownership of
apartment house janitors.
Third.—Make it unconstitutional to
piny "Arawanna" or " P o o r John" be
tween the hours of 12 m. and 12 p . m.,
Inclusive, and vice versa.
Fourth.—Provide subway guards and
trolley car conductors with safety
razors.
Fifth.—Free and unlimited coinage
of lemonade.—New York Mall and Ex
press.
BRACELETS
CUFFBUTTONS
WATCH CHAINS
STONE
RINGS
GOLD
BEADS
EMBLEM
CHARMS
We have a Great Variety
of Beautiful and Useful
Gifts for
Christmas
Emulsion
it Cod Liver OU
PINS
SIGNET R I N G S
FOR
Christmas Slippers
;
PLEASED T O H O L D GOODS
F O R . C H R I S T M A S DELIVERY
FESTOON
NECKLACES
LOCKETS &
CHAINS
JEWEL
CASES
You can always find us ready to show you a
complete line in all kinds of
Everything up to Date.
Give us a
call.
0. N. Hussey
Heuid Painted China, Opera Glasses,
Clocks, Silver Toilet Ware, Ebony
Goods, Sterling Silver, Shaving Mugs,
Fountain Pens, Cut Glass, Chafing
Dishes,
Smoking Sets,
Sterling Match Safes
�
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Documents, Papers, & Articles
Digital File
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Article About Lucy Dodge Farmington News, Page2, 1907-12-20
Description
An account of the resource
Lucy Dodge Farmington News article, page2, 12-20-1907. Lucy Dodge was a well known figure during her life in Farmington and is one of the most notable black historical figures in the local record. <br /><br />Note this article cotains biases from the period.<br /><br />The text of the article reads:<br /><br /><p><em>Probably two good .men who. have</em><br /><em>charge of the regular collections at the</em><br /><em>Congregational church never wore more</em><br /><em>pleasingly astonished in the course of</em><br /><em>their Sunday duties than -were they on</em><br /><em>December 15 when they found in the</em><br /><em>morning offering a cheque for five hun-</em><br /><em>dred dollars; this amount to be known</em><br /><em>as the Lucy Dodge Memorial Fund, the</em><br /><em>Income to be used in the support of the</em><br /><em>church and its customary exercises.</em><br /><em>The name given recalls to the older peo-</em><br /><em>ple of tho community the story of a</em><br /><em>loyal soul whose devotion is thus com-</em><br /><em>memorated but this should be known</em><br /><em>also to our younger friends, in merited</em><br /><em>regard for both past and, present,.and as</em><br /><em>a lesson for the future. -In the period</em><br /><em>of the civil war Mrs. Martha E. Edgerly</em><br /><em>(her first marriage having been to Cap-</em><br /><em>tain Enoch Dodge who was killed in the</em><br /><em>war) brought a homeless little black girl</em><br /><em>to her own home in South Berwick, Me.,</em><br /><em>and this child was known as : Lucy</em><br /><em>Dodge. She was taught everything</em><br /><em>practicable in the well appointed house-</em><br /><em>hold, and at both common and Sunday</em><br /><em>schools, and became a faithful and com-</em><br /><em>petent housekeeper. She was nearly as</em><br /><em>much at home In Farmington.-as at</em><br /><em>South Berwick, attending her mistress</em><br /><em>in visit's to her brothers, and to.her sis-</em><br /><em>ter who was the first wife of' James B.</em><br /><em>Edgerly, and upon the marriage of Mrs.'</em><br /><em>Dodge to the latter, several" years after</em><br /><em>the sister's decease, Lucy became per-</em><br /><em>manently resident in town and.was ever</em><br /><em>a devout attendant upon exercises of the</em><br /><em>churcb, taking honest pleasure in con-</em><br /><em>tributing to its support and good works.</em><br /><em>In falling health, after the decease of</em><br /><em>her kind mistress, Lucy was given every,</em><br /><em>possible care by the .members.of the</em><br /><em>family which.she held as hers, until she</em><br /><em>followed those whose loss she had</em><br /><em>mourned. It is like the conscientious</em><br /><em>and public spirited head of tho house-</em><br /><em>hold, James B. Edgerly, to .have planned</em><br /><em>thus generously for the continuance of</em><br /><em>a part lo the progress of the church and</em><br /><em>parish, In the name of the loyal friend</em><br /><em>whose memory is thus perpetuated.</em></p>
<br />FHS- Kyle Leach
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Farmington News
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Farmington News
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1907-12-20
death
Edgerly
Farmington
First Congregational Church
information
life
Lucy Dodge
marriage
people
people of color
person of color
-
https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/12165/archive/files/e4108f21d4e8ed3cb1da79c63466ccd2.pdf?Expires=1712793600&Signature=dIbLT8772FWRmey5ahoHPDseJbLc-D2Dagd7u2tCnLZgRUyFmM3ssleNUlf4pwIhAhwRgzVske4ZzWbVKxgcfu4ipEnNBZhlagiL5IPj3oCpoq7ObA5MG91GtpCpPdGN9PZItWoVBJ8yadLmve5RMaollBByeGIX%7E8G7j8RbCo7wtX51NagdZKGIxUN-hnJRunhIIKBFEpyajB4K7sMIXdMaDCzG0%7EICt0JfZreNlcNHF0SMMBoV8dfNsmMmHBANuGUPAvXt6avXAUmC51wemuDMhdnQs3JBSv3kj6R7-MPngVRJM7eNAuR%7Esbe28KB37XK5prTy15JOY562JD8UWA__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM
1650480604dece9a548e9be531f975e3
PDF Text
Text
8TRArPORO
CORNER.
urdsy evening to spend Sunday w i t h
dsy, after a pleasant^fortniglit"ia\Mw£
£|iffevL 8 r H . and M r s Goodwin will
friends; she is one o f the very bright
dleton.
enjoy tbe two weeks' vacation allotted
H a v i n g is progressing dnely and
young women who have gone from
Mr. and Mrs. Irving Grace and'Mrs.
Dr.
EteatormUve Nerrtn*,
j i e ~ p s s t o r by the Congregational
many of our farmers have nearlv finished
Farmington to 'add to t h e worth of ed
W . P. Blake visited Mrs. Joseph Blake
church, by a carriage drive iii tni* S ' a ' e
Mr. B. 5. OmldwoU, la book-keeper in ucational circles in other^ towns a n d
A valuable colt, belonging to Cyrus
of Barnsteadi-on'Bunday,
land In/Massachusetts.
T h e y w i l l vi.it
Another of thejjumbeiJU Miss
1
K Koss, was found dead in the pasture, the First National Bank of Folton. Ky. States.
Xhe Woman'* auxiliary mission
•"I was completely run down. My i
completely
"I
[North"Epping over the Sabbath. Their
Bertha W i g g i n g whose/past seasonefbf
soaps and soaps/
became mo utxttrnag through Ion of __
unstrung
-ecame
Ffll Y MORNING. J U L Y 31, 1896. one day, last week
' •leep
arrangements include a vi.it to tbe hiaand worry t&j»t I text aore 1 would bo com* teaching has been spent in N o r ^ A t t l e - •ocietv will >meefc on Friday August 7
Miss M a m i e Y o u n g and friend of pelled toi giT* op my position, fwould lie
*"lth Mrs..*: E./Fernaia.
A.C W
but only one
torlo t o w n s of Concord and L e x i n g t o n .
awake all night long, and It took bat little boro*. M a s s ,/wheie'the Rev J ; H MeExeter hare been visiting the former's
Laren is a pastor
Ed/vsrd E.Trask is visiting hie Farm
HIT T H E B A L L HARD.
They made
PODl I8IIKT) E . r . K ,
rlilDAY
t t O R N l N O sister M r s . F T Staaton
ington home.
Miss l e a Peavey spent Sunday w i t h
the journey on their wheels.
friends in town.
A l Partnlostnn.N H . bT
H E A V Y
DATTIHG C n A H A C T E R I Z E D
Mr. Martin Welch of Lynn was in
The Barnum it Bailey big show, at
Mrs. Bradley Thurston and daughter
TUB O A U B AT BCttORT P A R K .
town aver Sunday with his family at
Rochester, Monday, was the attraction
I. F, ITRHNALiL)
"
Proprietor
were in t o w n on Saturday, and were
Breezy Brow
for many people from this place.
accompanied by the fomer's sister M r s
It was unfortunate for Manager San
Mrs Delia Blake o f Rochester and
Mrs
James Stiles, who with her
8 H Walt*ron, back to 8nmetnworth ders that b y reason of alcknoas, and other
Barnum a isn't in it with the Populist
Master-Willie Blake, are tbe guests of
three children has been stopping witb
Mrs. Harrison Wsldron is in Dover, circumstances, tils team that lined up
show that closed last week
Farmington friends this week
her parents, M r and M r s ( ' C . Dame,
to remain for a few weeks.
against the Sbmereworths, Saturday, at
Master HOBS Pearl o f Littleton is
for several weeks, returned to her home
Mrs. Albert Grsoger, formeily Miss Burget Park, was of the plcked-up vari
There is no rhyme for silver—8t
visiting his grandparents here. M r s .
in Merrimar, N H , last week.
Adelaide C Hajea, had been on from ety
1'aul Globe.
Unfortunate because It put the
!'earl's friends will be glad to know that
New Y o r k , but has gone heme, accom home team back Into last place again
Yet can anyone can make it jingle
Rev N C . L o t h r o p . a former pastor,
which is the soap of
she is meeting with fine success with
panied by M r Granger
occupied the pulpit a l the church agum
Gota had by no meanB recovered from
soaps and washes clothes
A wild man is roaming the woods o f
her work in vocal instruction in L i t t l e
The funeral of Mr Howard Jones his accident of the Saturday before, and
last Sunday, and was listened to b) i
Maine
H e i » thought to be an escape large audience.
ton, and hope to see her and Master
was held at his home in N e w Durham
with less labor and great
A call t o become pas
It wits noticeable la.bis work behind the
from the Populist Convention
Holman belore the vacation *eaaon ends
on Monday. H e leaves a widow for
tor of the church, has been extended to
bat
Both teams had 00 their batting
er comfort.
Bert P i k e , tbe popular driver lor F .
merly Miss Ella Davis, and two sons
Those fellows who are poking so Mr L o t h r o p and we sincerely hope it
togs, and base hits w e r e as plenty as
O Nutter, hat been off duty for a few
Makes hoaae* brighter
The death o f Miss Lucy Dodge, after flies about a bald man's pate. I^lghton's
much fun at the Populists whiskers, will be accepted.
days, because of a lame aide.
Makes heart* lighter
a long period of ill health during which playing at first was simply great, and he
should remember Parson M c K i n n e y
to shake i_e np ao that I could not poaalhly
attend to my btulueaa aa 1 should. In she was moat carefully attended, re had the unstinted admiration of the crowd
Mrs. John Otis and children ore vis
NORTH B A R N 8 T E A D .
connection with tbla 1 had Hvcr trouble, moves one o f whom can be said " S h e
• s e r i n Bta,H.T.
1 his is the best sort of weather to
iting friends in Barnstead.
hearlneaa a boat the stomach, and pains In
present. N&leaubad an unusual num
depart for an exploration of Oreenland.
Mms Ijfoora .1 Holmes i. quite sick different parta of my body. I was also moob hath done what she could."
George \ V Davis went to N e w Y o r k ,
ber of chances, and, -despite his errors,
reduced In flesh. I waa persuaded to. try
On the authority of the old Psalm tune
A forlorn little black child, she was
Wednesday, where he has a situation as
Mr
Simeon Webster is in town
nuide some g o o d plays.
TKADB KOTKS.
Dr, Miles' Restorative Nervine,
there aro " i c y mountains there "
brought from Virginia in the latter part
telegrapher.
renewing old acquaintances
The Score follows:
first procured a trial bottle from a local
rug({UtandKoodre«ultaquIaKlvfolkiw6d. I of the civil war, by the late Mrs James
Mr A Dull O W a l k e r of Michigan, is then procured a-Uof*
SOJIKBSWOBTH
M A . Trefethen of Exeter was in
The August Mcribner is the fiction
W e call the attention of our readers
-. B
Kdgerly who was formerly Miaa
lb po a e
art
t had uaod tbla up
number of that magazine, and contains expected here this week
to the advertisement o f the Salmon Oold t3wn, Saturday
Fogarty S b . .
Martha E . Pernald of South Berwick
< J 1
..8
am now on my tbl .
1 2 1
six
abort stories, a little comedy,
Mining Co.'s stock
I t is one o f tbe
S
Dr. and Mrs. J 8 Elkins were in
John K Davis visited his brother sleep soundly and eatregularly,something In the Fernalil home Lucy was given I l o b U p
and several special articles of wide S W Davis at Rochester last Sunday I could not possibly do before taking joar a kind and suitable training, in. all Brown Su
a
few producing gold mines and Messrs. Rochester last week, a* guests for a
Nervine. I am now fuUurteoocrtCLviQ ao not
Varner r f
6
popular interest
Crompton & Co. assure us. that d i v i short time of M r and Mrs. George E.
available w a y s , and up to the time L»Dgltcr l b
Mrs A b b i e W n g h t , o f N e w \ ork, iB hesitate to pronounce I>r. allies* uestoratlT
Nervine the greatest neroina on earth."
dends w i l l be paid.
A dividend to Cochrane.
Mr. Cochrane's only broth
10
when her mind grew clouded by disease GastoDguar e
visiting her parents M r a i d M r « Jubn
Pulton Ky
B- T CALDWELL
Witter TI
A \ e w York paper attempts to prove
I
the amount of ten per cent for 1896 is er, whose health ia seriously impaired,
she was a loyal and loving Servant to Lttwrtj c r
F Holmes.
Dr. Miles' Nervine la sold on a post
that the man of the future wjl! have no
is witb him in Rochester
guaranteed.
guarantee that the first bottle will Dene:
tbe mistress by whom she was regarded
Miss Blanche Tuttle has a crower that AUdragglatsaellttatIM bottles for la, of
lungs —Chicago Dispatch
la,
iggiatsaellttattM botttea
with affection, ai.d to her family She
James White is working in a shoe
FAUMINIITONS.
has laid a litter of eggs and wanted to
D A N A ' S Sarsaparilla Is not o n l y the
Which means, when that time cornea
became in 1877 a member permanently
best of all remedies for the Nerves, Liver, factory at East Rochester.
•b
bb lb
there will be no camp-meeting at Alton set >
of the household of Mr James B. Ed
Nestles u RB
Kidneys, Stomach, and Blood, but i f no
3 3
Dr. Miles' Nervine
Miss Daniels of Somerville has been
Bay
Mr
and Mrs. Samuel Walker of
Uml 3b
benetlt, you can get your money bock.
OMDr. Miles' N E B T B F u m n tor BPTKA.I. gerly of N o r t h Main Street.
Klrker,If
the guest of MissOra Whitney for a few
Piltafield, called on friends in ihis place
WEAKNESS. AU druKEtaU sell 'em f o r » c
The same guarantee applies to Dana's
o'lAQghliu 3I>
0
Religion was a great deal to Lucy, LelgbtuD lb
The Rev Julias H W a r d , of Boston, Sunday
Pills, Cough Syrup and Plasters. F o r days.
0
and she was msde early in her Nothern Cou, c
1
sale by Q . T . Jones, Agent, N e w Dur
has written a highly interesting paper
Hon. S. C. Whitehouse, president of
0
Mr
and Mrs U Alonzo H a l l of " T h e profounder patriot, the sort thai life a member of a church in South Uenoelt r f
ham, N . H
9-3in
Bikini p
U
on the late Harriet Beecher Htowe for
the N H . Musical Association, is very
Boston. Mass., spent a few days last bojs should be taught to emulate, i t a Berwick
0
She enjoyed
contributing lUrkor. r t
the AngUkt Forum
I t is a compre
enthusiastic in speaking o f the assem
week with James L o c k e and family
forbearing cituen and a profoundlv re toward the maintenance o f worship and
I.IVIKO PICTURES).
Totals.
hensive estimate of her career, her posi
<S
I S 13 17 24 1.1
blies at Weirs, last week
From a mu
but wben he does the auxiliaries of local church work
Mrs. K m m s Drew Clark of L y n n , luctant fighter,
Innings1 3 3 4 5 8 7 8
tion in literature, her moral aim—in
Somertworth
Almost everyone in N e w England sical point of view he declares it was
0 S K 0 0 8 0 1 0 IB
—
short, an analysis of what went to the Mass., spent the day last week with bring his howitzer out he enlists for the and it gave her great pleasure to make Ptrmtogton
1 0 0 0 0 0 1 3 8—18 will remember the great series of living the beat ever held, though tbe attend
whole war " T h e same issue of the holiday or birthday gifts to her friends
her cousin, Mrs Jsmes Locke.
asrneu runs. Fartnlogton, 8 , Soaieraworth, 4.
making of this great writer
ance waa not equal to some former years
Two base hlts- PogartT, 3 . Brown, LangUer, pictures that was produced at K e i t h ' s
The school-board o f Barnstead held paper nsmed announces that, in view among those with whom she was asso (i&ctonguay. Wllley
Klrst b a » e on balls— Var New
T h e a t r e , Boston, two summers
George H . Johnson will g o to N o r
uey.Unstonguaj Liberty, Nedeaa, card. Coin.
Mr
J
B Bishop in the August an examination for teachers last Sntur of the welfare and honor of the nation ciated
back, and scarcely a person failed of wich, Ot , this week, where he will b e
Hit by plrheu ball-Cnru. Struck o u l - b . Hobba
She had no acquaintance with }ieople Noueaa lUcker s. Lolgbtoo 3, Com 8, E l k l o , 3 ,
Not as connected with sound monty, it will
Forum la o f the opinion that it is an day st the Centre srhool-house
A l l theatre goers will the guest of Hert Saunders.
bv Klfclna Brown, UastonjraAy. Liberty PaaseU seeing them
were support M r K m l e y in the Presidential of color hut waa devoted to"ber family
error to call bicycling a " c r a z e . " It is a large number of apphcanis
ball,—Gota 3. Throe base blt—B&rkor Double therefore be interested in the announce
campaign
Mr Emmons of N e w H a m p t o n , and
Of the houaebold nf ber happy home play- Langllor au<l Urown. I'inplres — USTlu
present
something
very different fiom that
ment j u s t made that an even more family, are guests o f Mrs J P . Elkins
I be Outlook of July 35 gives fine there remain only Mr Kdgerly and his a n u j Kogtirty
T h e simple fact is that t h e human race
Mr
Herbert
Hill
and family of
sumptuous and elaborate production is of\Tappan Btreet. T h e y are returning
younger daughter to sorrow for the loss
has discovered a new power for its own Rochester spent Sunday with relatives papers upon both McKinley and Bryan
The managers of the Cooheco League contemplated during the month of A u g home from a leisurely carriage drive to
with others upon Mrs Rtowe, the Kev of one so true and faithful , yet there
use. From the earliest dawn of civili
here. Returning they -left iheir two
held a meeting at Rochester Saturday ust,tbe first series to be put on M o n d a y , Rye Beach and other B^tore resorts, tak
zation man has been experimenting daughters, Ida and L o l a with their Francis K. Clark, I ) D , the foundei is content i n view of htt roimful release
There are some forty sub en largely for the benefit of M r . E m
evening and sustained the original scores August 3
with motion
Finally he has hit upon ^unt, Mrs. James C T u t t l e , for a week of the Christian Endeavor movement, on last Saturday, from imminent suffer
In the contested games between tbe jects in ail, some being original concep mons' health
and upon The Higher Life of Philadel ing
a device which makes his own body
One day last week Oruver Chesley phia, all these being wt II illustrated
KocheAtent and Soincrsworths aud the tions, while others are reproductions of
the source of power
H e has placed
T , E . Butler is in East P e p p e n l l ,
The funeral took place on Tuesday 1 lovers and Somersworths, »o the stand famous paintings.
agod 4 J years spent the day with his
Mass., this week
The good cruse of international bi
wheels upon his feet, and as a result
afternoon in charge of M r J P T i b
The artist who has been superintend
grandmother and for amusement, with
ing In the league Is as follows
metalliam is declared by the Bimetallic belts. Kitting remarks were msde by
finds his powers of locomotion tnulti
Onslow Jones and family sre at A l bis little axe, chopped down s tree 8 ft
*Fer cool. ing the production of these pictures is
l e a g u e of Ureat Britain to have made tbe Rev» S . H Goodwin, and appro
plied by five and even ten
Instead o;
1'laietl
Won
Lo.t.
M Castel-Bert, a Frenchman, w h o e ton Bay
high and 10 inches in circumference,
substantial progress in the past year, priate singing was given b ) Mr and s*»mer»worth
walking five 01 ten miles with more or
R<M.best«r
reputation largely rests upon the pano
brought it to the shed and sawed it into
and there is probability of a permanent Mrs. I ) YV. Kimball, Mrs. A K . Put Uorer
less effort and fatigue, he finds himself
ramie work that he accomplished in this
stove wood before he left it
Psnttingtoo
tribunal of arbitration between our own nam, and M r K. K. Carlton
traveling ten, twenty, flftv, and even
Inter
country, notably, " T b e Crucifixion,"
and the mother countrv
hundred miles, aocordlng to his pbyslca
ment was made in the Karminglon
LooK O u t
8hiloh," "Bunker H i l l , " " F r i b u r g , "
vigor and experience, with little per- for breakers ahead when pimples, bolls,
I IIIPN' C'OSTUIHUTION
A n important strike in the excellent cemetery, beside the grave of Mrs
etc., and some of the best conceived o f
ceptible fatigue and with a most delight carbuncles and tike manifestations of im printing house of J J Little it Co. in Kdgerly
^
the pictures are his
N o expense has
T h e y wouldn't ap New York City has been settled by
ful sense of animation
H e has become pure blood appear
A party of ciur citizens enj>i)ed an
Oo Monday morning a surgeon from
been spared In the production, and the
master o f his new power,—ibe moat pear If your blood were pure and your arbitration, the referee being President
excursion over the lake in the pteamer
Boston, assisted by l)r John Young ol
system In the right condition
They
pictures w i l l be produce 1 witb an accu
valuable he has acquired since he learn show you what you need—a good blood- Seth Ix)w of Columbia College Things
Dover and D r John C Parker of this Peihap.i last Sunday and report a fine racy of detail that i s amazing. T b e
ed to walk,—and it is honceforth a part purlfer, that's what you get when y o n like these make one feel that civilization
CURES OTHERS .WILL CURE YOU
time
i
town, removed s tumor weighing 32
lighting effects will be grand, more than
of his equipment for bis struggle with take Or Pierce's I .olden Medical I)ls- really advances and climbs upward as
Put y..ur money in the savings bank 6000 candle power being employed
pounds, from Mrs Solomon Hall, ol
cowry
life. Is it probable that having once
well
whose recovery earnest hope is enter for safe keeping and we'll warrant those
It carries health with It. A l ) blood,
l o Llqald u d P l U a
become possessor of a power like this
T o return to the exercises of 8unday, tained
burglars won't gett i
A trained nurse is in alien
skin,and scalp diseases, from a common
TUB COU1TT.
Dr Glidden's Rheumatic Cure will
the human race Is going to abandon it • blotch or eruption to the worst scrof — Mr Goodwin waa compelled to con
dance upon the patient.
We
visited the garden of Hiram
be a boon to you if suffering with rheu
A s wall might we expect it to abandon ula, aro cured by it. I t Invigorates the dense his carefully noted record of the
There is likely to be a formal reunion Stevens last Sunday and were v e r )
T w o wood ibis, a very rare bird in matism, for it absolutely cures every
I Ivor purifies ana enriches the blond, convention, in his re pott, as the Rev
railways, and gas, and electricity
this season o f the class of l b 9 1
surprised to see such s variety of veg this section, were shot st Salmon Falls form o f rheumatism
and rouses every organ Into healthful
For sale by
action
In the most stubborn forms ol K. N C Barnes was to speak at seven
Mr and M r s Frank Shapleifth re
etsbles growing on such a small piece recently
NKW KNULAND PAIU.
Roberts it Peavey, Farmington, N H
skin diseases, such as salt-rheum eczema o'clock in the audience room, concern turned lo Springfield Mass , on Halur
ol land.
Anyone interested in garden
Prof A E Thomas has been elected
tetter, erysipelas, carbuncle*, and kind ing prohibition
Mr Harnes is a very
ing will do well to cull and see for
Arrangements for the N e w Kngland red aliments and with scrofula lo every voung man and his gifts as a public
principal uf Austin academy, Strafford
BCt.'Kt.KN 8 AStniUA HAI.VB
C u r e for Headache
themselves wbat can be done in this
shape, and all blood taints, it effects per •pesker are certainly uncommon to men
Fair at Rigby Park and City Hall,
A s a remedy for all forms of heailucetia line with proper rare
The bent Halve In tne world for cut s,
•tOClAL AMD PCftHOrtAI,
fect and permanant cures of the worst
M r Stevens ha*
Portland, Maine, August 17, 18, 1 9 , 3 0
>f his years
Hardly any one doubts Electric Bitters has proved to be the very
bruises, sores, ulcers, salt rheum, fever
cases
our thanks for a basket o f the largest
and 21, are now near completion. A
It effects a permaneut cure and
thai the manufacture and sale of intox best
Mrs. J K. French spent Sunday with sores, tetter, chapped hands, chilblains,
full and choire exhibit o f live stock,
IN U K D S U A I .
the most dreaded habitual sick headaches currants we ever saw and w e feel <afe
corns and all rddn eruptions and positive
icants, for use as beverages, should be
Mr and M r s . Geo. M . Btard at D o v e r
yield to Its Influence. We urge all who in saying that were ever raised u, this
ly cures piles, or no pay required. I t Is
equalling or exceeding that o f last year,
done away with
Palling the enforce
Miss O r a Whitney spent Wednesday Is warruntoed toirlve perfect satisfaction
are afflicted to procure a bottle and give town
is assured. Mr. S 8. Sanborn, of Bos
Burglars entered the handsome new ment of prohibitory law, a high license this remedy a fair trial
In cases of hab
or money refunded. Price 25 cents per
with friends in Dover
Woh Dean ynu'ro •Iwayv In the leail
ton, is to exhibit some twenty-six head residence o f M r s . John Burleigh, at baa seemed to some men better than no itual constipation, Electric Bitters cures
box.
i>'or*KMle. bv Kobnrts & Peaveiy.
We never knew you fall.
Mrs. A r t h u r Beard spent s few day
of his celebrated French coaching stud , South B e r w i c k , Friday night, and se check at all upon (ha evil referred to by giving the Deeded tone to the bowels,
But tre'u like to know Just how yon fly
That kiln wltnout s ull
at Farmington with M r s . J P Elkins
eight or ten English and American cured nearly 8 4 0 0 worth of jewelry and l o enforce properly the laws of New andfew cases long resist the use ot this
medicine. T r y It once. Large bottles
8ay, A b e , don't let tbe boys fool you and Mrs. Richardson last week.
vehicles and numerous set o f harness, solid silver plate
T h e y held a
Hampshire, in this respect, a strong ouly fifty cents at Rolierts A Peavey's
for that is a genuine little N i g , I saw
four ot wbioh cost 8600 per set in Eng volver at the head o f the servant girl public opinion is necessary, or the drug store.
Mrs. George Tibbetts and son H a r
(2)
I M m winking at the Tarmington girls old have been the guests of Rochester
land. ( ' . I Hood, of L o w e l l , Is to ex who had been aroused by the noise, and authority must be used by State rather
n*st night as he turned
the crank friends in the present week.
hibit —though not in competition—his threatened to kill her if she made a n ) than IJCSI officials.
Don't take too much stock in what Joe
famous Jersey
cattle and Berkshire outcry.
< urcs lilieiiiiintlsin
Price, SOc
Mr. and M r s . Ben Wentworth are ai/ocsl officers never yet have found
says.
swina. T h e racing program is unques
mong the new arrivals at 0 ' ean P a r k
any attempt to carry out the spirit of
T h e D i s c o v e r y S a v e d His Life,
tionably the best ever offered by an)
Should suyono Sod tor umbrella
THE TUEN OF LIFE.
They make their home at Uemdan
M . Q CalUouette. druggist, Beavers- the law, to be a desirable undertaking
Marked on the handle T I I . f..
agricultural
society in the Eastern vlllo, III., says
And leave at the orsoe of the Now,
" T o D r King's N e w People who advocate temperance are
cottage.
Will receive ibe thanks I there bars left.
States. Thure are fifteen races, the Discovery I o w e my life.
Waa taken
apt to swell the successes of tbem who T h e
M o s t C r i t i c a l P e r i o d In t h e
Miss L a u r a Harrington has j o i n e d W h e o l e r & W i l s o n
yearling for a purse of 9 6 0 0 and the w i t h la g r i p p e and tried a l l the physi
Life o f a Woman.
cians for miles about, but ot no avail and sell liquors, through a lack of thought,
balance for purses o f 9 1 , 0 0 0 each
Mr James Perdue, an old soldier ber parents a t pcean Park for a. few
was given up and told J oould not live. indifference, or other cause, and the
New No 0, Family
residing at Monroe, Mloh . was severely days, and m a k e s a welcome addition to
Three
hundred and
twenty-severn
Having D r . K i n g ' s N e w Discovery In my sentiment of a community needs to be
afflicted with rheumatism but received the FahniRgton colony |
Sewing Haobines,
horses are named in the fifteen races, store I sent for a bottle nod began Its use
a v j n t m c . or Mr*. Kslljr, of PatchOfu,
rompt relief from pain by using Chamaggressive before any one man can do
thus assuring a large field o f starters
*Kev. G e o . H . Cat* and,family o f Rotary Motion and
and from the first dose began to feol bet
L o a « Island.
orlaln's Pain Balm
H e says: ' ' A t
effective work in the putting down of
The Adrian W i r e Co. are lo exhibit a ter, and after using three bottles was up
tunes my back would ache so badly that Newton, M a s s . , are guests qf/Oliver J
Ball Bearings
any practice which menaces the publir
There la no*period in woman'a earthly
I could hardly raise up. I f I bad not M . Oilman o f Alton. ..
car load o f wild animals consisting of and about again. I t Is worth its weight
,'
H a k e Them
In gold. W e won't keep store or house health.
career which ahe approaches with ao
gotten relief I would not be here to write
buffalo, deet, e l k , bear and coyotes without I t . " G e t a tree trial at Roberts
Rev. M r . Hauler, remembered for
these few lines.
Chamberlain's Pain
Mr Goodwin's conscientious and ex much anxiety as t h e "change of Life."
Easy running, quick, mpld and durable.
W
A Eddy, of Bayonne, N J., dcPeavey's drug store.
(2)
Balm has done me a great deal of good his evangelical work in this place last Prices nnviirinng to style and finl-h
Tet
during t h e
cellent remarks at the close of the meet
and C. H Lamson, o f Portland, will
and I feel v e r y thankful for I t . ' F o r Spring, is, witb bis family, occupying a Ensy payments, liberal discounts, f o r
Tni
HTATK.
i a g ^ a v e food for thought.
l i e never past twenty y e a r s
give daily exhibitions o f kite
flying.
sale at Parker's Pharmacy.
cottage at M i l t o n .
cash, or part cosh I
have
urges hearers to do that in which he w o m e n
Including tandem, mld-air photograph
•7-014 machines taken In exchange.
The musical convention at 'be Weirs cannot rightfully say " C o m e , " instead learned much f r o m
A t the recent great Sunday school
ing, drawing electrklty from the clouds
a woman.
Are) You Tired
of " G o , " but be tries to find oat bis
and other novelties in the w a y of air was a great success.
All tbe tune? This condition Is a A N Indication convention held in Boston, sfter s song
I t Is safe t o aay
that your blood Is not rich ani noartsaloi as It by Mrs. Dexter tu Tremont Temple, a
_
nd
navigation. I t is expected a Lillentbal
T h e late D r . F A C o l b y o f Berlin own duty as well as to indicate that of
ought to be and aa It 'may be If yon will"take »
t h a t women w h o J
AQBNT.
his audience.
?. . JS?
ffi? « " * t blood purifier, Hood's distinguished woman psssed £ ndtp t o
flying maobine will be in operation carried a life insurance o f #28,000.
prepare
•'
SanaparlUa. Thousands write. uSarHood'i 8ar- Mrs. Dexter, which read, " I thank.God
F A R M I N G TON, N . H
A pleasantly large number of people themselves
during the week of the fair. M r . Lara
aaparilta has cured them or thai tired fMUnr by
Laconia forms the first Bryan and
S+vlns them rich, red blood.
for giving you such a v o i c e ; I thank
were present at the lecture, and the f o r
son expects his 30 foot kite w"lil carry a S e w a l l club o f the campaign.
the
you for using I t . "
Rev. J B. Harrington made the open eventful
man aloft. Prof, and Madam L a Rnux
K e n d a l l it L a d d will issue a Bryan
.3°^HX" 'Jf
easily jet prom ptlyon tbs lire,
ing prayer. A chorus choir led the period,
will make doily balloon ascensions and
aad bowels. Cars kick hejatsab*.
Rev. E . N . C . Barnes w a i ihe'gViest
and Sewall newspaper in Manchester,
singing o f hymns.
parachute jumps.
A contract is made
IttsactoaitnertttaathassiveD flood', e
CHARLES A. BENNETT,
pssa.
ol M r . and Mrs, A. W 8hstifdrd while
beginning A u g . I .
aill'a the drst place amoof msdlcinei. li " T S
with T . W . Eok whereby he i t t o bring
Mrs. Ssflbrd, Mrs. Putnam and Mrs, through i t
in town.
,
One True Blood Portlier and n a m tonlo.
ALTON; N , H „
Camp I d l e w i l d on C o w island, L a k e Prank Pearl, who were at the Weirs ranch easier
John 8. Johnson, the world champion
Mr. and M r s . F . W . Coburo, Jr., o t
Winnlpesaukee, contains 4 0 boys this last weekj seem to have found th
bicycle rider, R a y McDonald, A l Weln
than in the
New Durham, will spend the next few
ing, and several noted French and Eng. summer.
musical gathering even more delightful past.
weeks at Y o r k Beach.
Ilsh bloyclistt direot from Europe to
T h e veterinary surgeons o f the 8 l a t r than in former years, and they say that
T h e r e la
John Berry was st home from Manrace and g i v e exhibitions at the fair. are to ask the Legislature t o establish a Mrs. Dexter o f our own county sang but one
cheater over Sutday.
T h e Portland W h e e l Club are to make S t a t e Board o f Registration in veterin superbly. D r . Carl B . Duft of N e w course t o
P R A L K B nr
a n seeding parade, t a d predict t w o ary surgery w i t b power t o debar from Y o r k , M r . Bancroft of Mootpelier, V t . , pursue to
Rev. I. 8 . Harrington went i » Ocean
8HIHGLE8, OLAPBOABDB, LATHS,
subdue the
hundred wheels in line, many o f which practice all w h o are not qualified.
Park, M o n d a y , wLere he -will remain Doors, W|ndova, BUnds. Builders' rtnlah, U u ,
Mrs. Brown o f Concord, and tbe inim
nervous com.
~Hair and-ttement. Screen Doors
will be ridden by ladles. Col. Brlgbatn
for the n e x t t w o weeks.
N o r t h C o n w a y proposes to psss its itable Blaisdell with his orchestra, with
aad salafi
vnm
plications,
o f Ibe National Orange, and several coaching parade this year.
TAWAHVirYORLiySFAIR
the pianists present, were favorite pera n d prepare
advocates o f good roads are t o lecture
lormers, and Miss D o r a Haley, of this
E. A. CkUkWrOIUl.
A. D. TOU.ES.
K, A- IJaOHTON.'
during the w e e k . Olive T h o r n s Miller,
county, gave pleasure in ber singing, the system
B K R I AND T B I B L
^ a l - C i t y Hall, will talk upon the birds
as did M r . Conant o f Concord, and for t h e change, p y d l f fi Pinkham'S
V e g e t a b l e Compound should b e used.
of N e w "EngTanuV
The report made on Sunday evening tith.rs o f the musicians engaged.
It |s well f o r those approaching- this
C&AWTORD, TOIX£S ifc CKX, XAHAG£R8,
Miss Blanche Townsend same on Sat
at the earlier service in the Congrega
time,
wrlfes M r s . P l i k h a m , a t Lynn,
T h e Fish and Game commissioners tional church, by Mr. Goodwin, was
{jSa&Skiors toC If. TAcrwr.)
Maaa, Shehak t h e experience pt years
will exhibit specimens o f our inland full of Interest, and was marked by
OFFICE— WilUoii' BlocK, Main Street, Farmington,
2T. JB.
i n Europe, Asia, Africa, Australia and
nroared*ofChndren and sdnlta bava
flsb.
Hon.
Thomas B . R e e d ' s quota quotations worthy of rernetabrance, America, the five great continents. Sha toalihe/inalflvisina;.' Bbe-wilJ charge
bytaja treated
bntaram— the other dl.rjjea, mwayBp.
'
—
toma art'
Unas art.-JndWUOT. wluTa vaitobl. ap.
of government seed will b e exhibited. from many of the addresses made in ker medicines are being used by. suffer you nothing.
particular attenthjo rlTen to lasnraooe an Factories, knitv Hotels,I thrclUnrs, KerchandUe, and
rjBIta: t ^ tooina; oOaoalvs breath: hard
t»: f
S h e helped this woman, vrho says:—
all mods of insorabl
bpruoertr, UHheioIlowtng-Comvanlesr V}»r '
c
Thos. A . L a m b is to show a large col the national convention of the Y . P. S. ing humanity for the cure of sickness
fan
tatlbeUT.jrlui occasional arlplncs
4Ctna or Harttord. Oooa,
"I have nsed L y d l a B, Pinkham's
—
MaarSaitar at EnalanJ.
,
i about UaVnaVeli Mat aad ttchtnssL
lection of N e w England
minerals. C. E . held in Washington recently. nd disease.
Boston- firs aad Marine,
Uc^iharacun —"'^boatthsaaDarsras
KtRsABtsbritewart.M, J.
N e v e r was them such a nnlvarro! de V e g e t a b l e Compound In my family ten
Capital at Concord, » , U
Utaocwatahortnry
T h e r e will b e afternoon and evening One ot the sayings was that "every
y e a r s , w i t h t h e best results. Some
coosbjsrjnduiacf
mand, never such wonderful results.
Ooocord llntaal ot ta aeon),!». H .
rtb t atarrhtsenrlas
Saw.TATk.
sleep; ilow ft
concerts by leading bands as well as member of the society should be as a
naletlnnuui of Scotland
Shaker Digestive Cordial, a cure for t i m e a g o n q r d a u g h t e r had catarrh' ot
h ^Jtaado-ofPortsnwoUi.S.B.
a «ata»»>. tnada Is'
lire trnJerwrltzra or Concord N. H.
PrDTMeheaXotaal <o( Prutldance.B. r.
the usual exhibits and such novelties as IWe wire carrying energy to every other Indigestion, U prepared from roots and the w o m b , and i t entirely mxreaTher.,
rushfauc Usual of rnaaoun, Slaaa.
Palatine of Kr.Slantl: ^,'Mr- « «
may be found o f interest.
Every effort part of the body," and "to all needful herbs, and is a natural remedy, which I w a s approaching the .''chang*' of
is being made \o make { h i s the fair places outside of the organisation" may cures b y aiding nature and not by fight l i f e , " and was i n a deplorable/ condi
roe Insnrsww Company of Sqrtt ^ajartaa
»«<»««>
ing her.
attraction o f the year and the manage* have been added to the first phrase.
Shaker digestive Cordial makes those tion. U y w o m b h a d fallen, a n d the
oovniKfto rax 4i4rS&4&faft»*
ment are sanguine it will so prove. Another Vrotd of note was "pulmonary fat, w h o have become thin by not digest- bearing-down pains and backache w e r e
AOOI DEBT JH3TJBAHDB.-Tra»Tlera ol llartrorrl. \
terrible, and k i d n e y s affettted
Portland} Capo Elisabeth and O l d Or- patriotism."
One can. make his own ing their food.
PLATR UI.AS3 AND BOILER irfgOBASCK, fldalUxaia? CaanaUv o f N,
an4timaU«orN.r, Aasats,*M4'JIM.
i t restores tbe spirits and the appetite
chard at,thla, season o f the year are in application of this characterization.
U f X M8V$virCKi Stats hSeofsatV» MnraaIB«aerl|of Hcrarx, N.J.J. As-eis, »*Mo».l«r.
sC| of Newark, K.
~ I began t a k i n g t h e Cuuipuimd,
~
of those who ate dejected and fagged out
lossrsses s o Inst Rsaugi by l^ttfngj»bother »rti wanes or bnt|,
gala dress, and the special.rates granted
and m y pains ceased, t consider i t the
The Harper's weekly of July 18 has from the wearing effects o f Indigestion.
naiyean^a affltnat OyeJonaaan.1TjarjjJMtrt«^-awA rTTSFItflS Iff itliSSf
by
transportation companies should
I t relieves the symptoms o f dyspepsia strong bridge b e t w e e n siolrneea and
a short editorial upon Militant Patriot
exfu^uhooM»ttl«* """"P ''
§r tfcl^WWi Hal pojlpj oro«V fafoa* aile***. to
admit o f all bur people attending this
and, after using f o r a reasonable time, h e a l t h , and recommend it to everybody
ism, which is similarly suggestive, and
N o w England institution.
cores the complaint.
Office n«ys In Farmlngf-en Every Tuesday,
• - - '.
its concluding phrase is-one to consider; Anally b y druggists. T r i a l bottle 10 eta. I m e e t w h o needs It."—MBS. L. E s x L r ,
Soft
P a t c h 030 e, L. L
Otor d^^u^ga raoe^of e ^ | T utiU or Wsarapb, at oar axpeoss, Addrear,0!LkV7rOBD
armtngton | t m
"GREATEST ON tARTH."
a
:
Sunlight
Soap
J
A
VERS
>
a
C
C. W. MABSTON. MACHINIST
W
boU
0
1
7
i
ct
8
Carpenter andBnildBr
ERS
CATHARTIC PILLS
FARMINGTON GENERA! WSURANt^, COMPANY.
r
r
4
�
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Documents, Papers, & Articles
Digital File
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Article Lucy Dodge Death Memorial Farmington News, Page2, 1896-07-31
Description
An account of the resource
Lucy Dodge death and memorial article from the Farmington News, Page2, July 1896. Lucy Dodge was a well known figure during her life in Farmington and is one of the most notable black historical figures in the local record. <br /><br />Note this article cotains biases from the period.<br /><br />The article reads:<br /><br /><p><em>The death of Mrs Lucy Dodge, after</em><br /><em>a long period of ill health daring which</em><br /><em>she was most carefully attended, re-</em><br /><em>moves one of whom can be said "She</em><br /><em>hath done what the could."</em></p>
<p><em>A forlorn little black child, the was</em><br /><em>brought from Virginia in the latter part</em><br /><em>of the civil war, by the late Mrs James</em><br /><em>B Edgerly who was formerly Miss</em><br /><em>MarthaE. Fernald of South Berwick</em><br /><em>In the Fernald home Lucy wsa given</em><br /><em>a kind and amiable training, in. all</em><br /><em>available ways, and up to the time</em><br /><em>when her mind grew clouded by disease</em><br /><em>she was a loyal and loving servant to</em><br /><em>the misstress by whom she was regarded</em><br /><em>with affection, arnd to be her family She</em><br /><em>became in 1877 a member permanently</em><br /><em>of the household mi Mr James B. Ed-</em><br /><em>gerly of North Main Street.</em></p>
<p><em>Religion was a great deal to Lucy,</em><br /><em>and the was made early in her Northern</em><br /><em>life a member of a church in South</em><br /><em>Berwick She enjoyed contributing</em><br /><em>toward the maintenance of worship and</em><br /><em>the auxiliaries of local church work,</em><br /><em>and it gave her greet pleasure to make</em><br /><em>holiday or birthday gifts to her friends</em><br /><em>among those with whom she was asso-</em><br /><em>ciated</em></p>
<p><em>She had no acquaintance with people</em><br /><em>of color but was devoted to “her family "</em><br /><em>Of the household of her happy home</em><br /><em>there remain only Mr Edgerly and his</em><br /><em>younger daughter to sorrow for the loss</em><br /><em>of one so true and faithful , yet there</em><br /><em>is content in view of her merciful release</em><br /><em>on last Saturday, from imminent suffer-</em><br /><em>ing</em></p>
<p><em>The funeral took place on Tuesday</em><br /><em>afternoon to charge of Mr J P Tib-</em><br /><em>betts. Fitting remarks were made by</em><br /><em>the Rev S. H Goodwin, and appro-</em><br /><em>priate singing waa given by Mr and</em><br /><em>Mrs. )D W. Kimball. Mrs. A E. Put-</em><br /><em>nam, and Mr E. E. Carlloo Inter-</em><br /><em>ment waa made in the Farmington</em><br /><em>cemetery, beside the grave of Mrs</em><br /><em>Edgerly.</em></p>
<p> <br /><br /><br /></p>
FHS-Kyle Leach<br /><br /><br />FHS-Kyle Leach
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Farmington News
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Farmington News
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1896-07-31
death
Edgerly
family
information
life
Lucy Dodge
people
people of color
-
https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/12165/archive/files/abe106dfd50f4181e62cbc358ce5eb53.pdf?Expires=1712793600&Signature=uGwDV2W-WuscDleWjZ0WC2s6ExOYW0fjP-hGyfmTBjobKg60bwk09Jq74u1icKF5L-FWXU11dZWEUCau8fNqP1auYrL42Vr7nAR2OiRSDX2nhqz424e%7EqKd4QBP7UpSy0kMWIlx%7EJin3M2i2p5zAwVWA3ER12A2aauCEtDjx8NSe8xBR2lt2iRc79GBbxrwlH3wSL3udC4nMCKJnof4SmHpop04pGqphK1p%7EWJ4aj2QoXbmY-5SIeSlYN7%7EyBCiI37seskbIkhM1AIVCEDa3sTxZBpWTNCRmI9ZzvdZyTfumDq10mBTZXzBfRo9P8a6AuQHAmETLNV3%7E-W832Mw61g__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM
5811bcc6dae81c8d27b1e90e0a0ef3f2
PDF Text
Text
HISTORICAL
NEW H A M P S H I R E
A
Issued
occasionally
by
P U B L I C A T I O N
the
N E W HAMPSHIRE
H I S T O R I C A L
SOCIETY
in the interest o f service to people w h o would broaden their knowledge
of N e w H a m p s h i r e ' s long and enduring history through an evergrowing understanding o f its collected books and papers and
its objects o f art and craftsmanship w h i c h are here preserved for safe-keeping, reference and inspiration.
October 1952
I N T H I S NUMBER:
" N e w Hampshire
Indians," by Robinson V . Smith.
Vol..
VIII
Remembers T h e
No. 2
�]VEW
H A M P S H I R E H I S T O R I C A L
C O I V C O R D ,
BMEW
S O C I E T Y
H A M P S H I R E
President
Huntley
N.
Spaulding.
Vice
Presidents
Louis
S.
Cox,
E l w i n L . Page. Secretary
Elmer M.
Hunt.
Treasurer
Dudley W . Orr.
Trustees
Huntley
N.
Spaulding,
Louis
S.
Cox, E l w i n
L.
Page,
Dudley
W . O r r , Foster
Stearns,
James
W . Jameson, Herbert W .
H i l l , Richard W . Sulloway, Archibald
M.
Peisch,
Harry
Merrill,
Robert W . U p t o n , L a u r e n c e F . W h i t temore, P h i l i p M . M a r s t o n , S h e r m a n
Adams,
William
G.
Saltonstall.
E L M E R MUNSON H U N T ,
Director
New Hampshire Remembers the Indians
BY
Member
Loo\ed
shire
at historically
have
ever
to see events
land
quite
religion
should
parts
of New
from
the Indians,
done
with
In
compiling
by
were
i6oo's
that
the
these
ijoo's.
woods,
fields,
It has been
Englanders,
as
out or ma\e
in some
New
Ossipees
the
and
permanent
of
the
fishing,
you
wish
fish
on these
and
It all.
right
some
Indians
and
shores
no other's.
There
guns
more
laid
But
fur
are
and
many
probably
and
here
cannot
more
we at least
deadly
way
wanted
The
in mapped
of these
squares
for
than
to stop
to roam
the
settlers
Indian
that
the
New
had
to
drive
Hamp-
time
and
they
that
receded
the
from.
Penacooks,
be
considered
have
of
as\ed
'aggression?
use for
both
our
out"
came
hunting
of
us
but
arrows,
so
we
you."
the countryside
Englishman
squares
have
on
roamed
might
an act
land
the
not "driven
tribes
is enough
in
from
ivho
originally
they
he
places
of the
advanced,
committing
deer-meat.
out his land
New
is true in New
of them
which
and
Penn's
however,
ingenious
in
a section
record
latter
Indians
return,
to this land,
have.
being
First
and
students
colonization
not
ta\en
is
Hampshire
here
were
coastwise
you
undoubtedly
game,
they
the
many
history
of the tribes
William
the
In
Your
The
in
many
of
"Are
as you
a general
a good
Pequaw\ets,
settlers,
contrive
The
of
the
as much
and
must
exception
in
and. Indians
Indians
them.
English
where
land-owners.
new
We have
As
and west
the
over
been
more
of times
by some
the
But
since
to research.
of New
memory
as occurred
Yorl{.
Hampshire.
With
with
just
in New
to the north
given
assumption
treaties
prevails
he has added
mountains.
cases,
of the Dutch
this
captures
found
over
churches
of Indian
weel^s
colonists
rivers
elsewhere,
shire
To
and
still
account
the
casual
induced
the Indians
French
has long
account
the
has then
Hamp-
been
did.
to perpetuate
the
them
of
he
in Neu/
that not much
many
between
numerous
and
at times
a chronological
in
that remain
jaith
concise
to the late
Indians,
names
French
has devoted
resulted
and
the land
the Indians
contests
affairs
and
The
Society
has usually
England
while
and
Smith
to give
there
events
a new
Mr.
reader
the settlers
be said
of it than
has endeavored
early
prevail.
and
of Indian
The
the New
it might
some
records
sense.
between
Hampshire
Hampshire,
which
jetv
between
SMITH
Hampshire Historical
made
as a quarrel
or a quarrel
which
ROBINSON V .
New
which
never
in
who
would
been
built
search
arrived
be
on
his
to
�HISTORICAL
2
N E W
HAMPSHIRE
HISTORICAL
N E W
HAMPSHIRE
.3
this day.
Was there room enough
for both the white
man and
the
Indian?
This is one of the questions
raised by this
article.
Another
is the question
of colonization.
The Indians
were
free
from the domination
of a European
civilization
they had never
known.
The white man was not free from it and has never quite been to this
day.
He was a colonizer,
forced to pay tribute ta his native land.
His
traditions
were brought
from another continent.
The Indian
knowing
no other native land than this one paid no such tribute either in money
or sentiment.
The white
man in 7776 broke
off his relations
with
Europe,
apparently
forever,
only to become forced to return to them as
now.
This provocative
account of the New Hampshire
Indians
raises
the question
as to whether
the natives were not, in fact, nearer to what
we call "freedom"
than the colonists then were, and have since
become.
The New Hampshire
Historical
Society Library
is rich in
Indian
lore which has been drawn upon extensively
by the writer of this
article.
No less than three hundred
and twenty books on the American
Indian
are available
for research,
devoted
to such topics as Indian
treaties,
captivities,
wars and other general
headings.
The entire subject
has
long since needed to be explored,
explained
and organized
as Mr.
Smith
has now attempted
to do.
That the predominant
"captive"
element
found
here is unique
in
American
histcrry is evident.
In no other state in the union has such a
motive
on the part of the Indian
appeared
to such an extent.
The
native Indian
does not appear to have sought
primarily
to
annihilate
the aggressor
or scalp him.
He desired to capture and sell him just as
he did a deer or beaver skin.
His customers,
the French,
wished
to
buy the English
colonists in order to absorb them into their own
settlement project and to convert them to their religion.
It was not
necessary
for the French to tell the Indians this.
There was a vastly larger
market
for captives than for scalps and they k^ew
it.
Only with the
which
might better
these raids to obtain
of New Hampshire's
and slaughter,
but
captives,
who were
ending
of the so-called
French
and Indian
War,
have been called the French
and English
war,
did
captives
subside.
With rare exception
the
history
first
two hundred
years is not one of
"massacre"
one of Indian
treaties,
trading
and the taking
of
ultimately
ransomed.
In their desire to capture the settlers alive and then sell them,
the
Indians,
however,
defeated their own purpose.
For the white man survived and brought
a civilization
in which the Indian
way of life
could
not survive.
The Indian
names of rivers, trails, mountains,
lakes,
and
towns remain,
with here and there an exhibit
or tivo preserving
the
noiu almost forgotten
Indian relics in our
museums.
EDITOR.
f
I ^ H i s year ( 1 9 5 2 ) m a r k s the a n n i v e r s a r y of G e n e r a l J o h n S t a r k ' s e x p l o r a I
tory visit to R u m n e y , N e w H a m p s h i r e , the point on the B a k e r R i v e r
\r w h e r e he w a s c a p t u r e d by the I n d i a n s a n d t a k e n to C a n a d a . I t is
a n u n u s u a l c o i n c i d e n c e , s e l d o m r e c o g n i z e d by h i s t o r i a n s , that the
B a k e r R i v e r is n a m e d for T h o m a s B a k e r , w h o w a s also c a p t u r e d forty years
e a r l i e r a n d l i k e w i s e t a k e n to C a n a d a .
J o h n S t a r k w a s r a n s o m e d soon after his c ap t u re , t h r o u g h the efforts of
C a p t a i n P h i n e h a s Stevens a n d M a j o r N a t h a n i e l W h e e l w r i g h t , g r a n d s o n of the
f o u n d e r of the t o w n of E x e t e r , both ambassadors to the F r e n c h g o v e r n m e n t of
C a n a d a sent to negotiate the e x c h a n g e of p r i s o n e r s .
T h u s is i n v o l v e d a series of i n t e r e s t i n g h i s t o r i c a l c oi n c i de n c e s, a l l r e l a t i n g to
the N e w H a m p s h i r e I n d i a n tribes a n d t h e i r n e i g h b o r s , to the efforts o n the part
of the colonies to become safe f r o m a t t a c k s , a n d to the w h o l e c o l o n i z a t i o n efiFort
of p r e - R e v o l u t i o n a r y days.
T h e first of these coincidences is as before stated, that T h o m a s B a k e r , J o h n
S t a r k a n d C a p t a i n Stevens h a d a l l been prisoners of the I n d i a n s . B a k e r not only
has a N e w H a m p s h i r e r i v e r b e a r i n g his n a m e , but received a g r a n t of l a n d , a
p a r t of w h i c h is n o w S a l i s b u r y , n a m e d B a k e r s t o w n i n his h o n o r .
O r i g i n a l l y a n a t i v e of N o r t h a m p t o n , Massachusetts, b o r n i n 1682, T h o m a s
B a k e r w a s t h i r t y years o l d w h e n he became a n " I n d i a n s c o u t " i n c o m m a n d of
a c o m p a n y of t h i r t y m e n o n a n e x p e d i t i o n agai n st the I n d i a n s i n the " N o r t h
C o u n t r y " u n d e r orders f r o m G o v e r n o r D u d l e y of Massachusetts.
H e undoubtedly received this a p p o i n t m e n t t h r o u g h h a v i n g been c a p t u r e d some ten years
e a r l i e r , a n experience w h i c h t a u g h t h i m I n d i a n modes a n d m e t h o d s . H i s other
i m p o r t a n t experience w a s his m e e t i n g i n C a n a d a , w h i l e a c a p t i v e , w i t h M a d a m e
C h r i s t i n e L e B e a u w h o , vi'hen three m o n t h s o l d , h a d been c a r r i e d there as C h r i s tine O t i s by the I n d i a n s .
�HISTORICAL
GENERAL
JOHN
STARK
was born
in Londonderry
1728.
When he made
his famous hunting trip and when captured
in 1752,
he was
ttnenty-fotir.
He served with Rogers's
Rangers
and
under
General
Amherst
at
Ticonderoga and Crown
Point.
John
Stark's
greatest
fame
was
achieved
at the Battle of
Bennington,
fought
largely on New
Yor/i soil at
Waloomstic.
There
he and his New
Hampshire
soldiers
intercepted
the
southern
march of Burgoyne's
army
and
defeated
it.
The occasion
was
said to be a turning
point in the
American
War of Independence.
Starli
was made a Brigadier
General.
He
was the author of New
Hampshire's
State Motto,
"Live
Free or
Die."
N E W HAMPSHIRE
HISTORICAL
N E W HAMPSHIRE
5
shire H i s t o r i c a l Society's Collections,
T h u s C a p t a i n B a k e r became i n v o l v e d i n
one of the f e w r o m a n c e s g r o w i n g out of the
French and Indian W a r s . Christine L e B e a u
w a s the d a u g h t e r of R i c h a r d O t i s of D o v e r ,
and his w i f e M a r g a r e t W a r r e n . H e r father
had been k i l l e d a n d h i s house b u r n e d i n the
I n d i a n r a i d on D o v e r i n 1689, the r a i d w h i c h
w i t n e s s e d the s l a y i n g of M a j o r R i c h a r d W a l d r o n , one of the l e a d i n g figures i n the early
h i s t o r y of the c o l o n y .
II.
C . A l i c e B a k e r , i n her
New
England
this
Captives,
volume
True
has
Stories
also
of
described
affair.
Mr.
K e t c h u m is not c e r t a i n w h e t h e r
Cap-
t a i n B a k e r met h i s w i f e i n C a n a d a or
after
her r e t u r n to D o v e r , but he l e a r n e d that their
m a r r i a g e w a s a h a p p y one a n d that they h a d
six
children.
One
of
these,
Colonel
Otis
B a k e r , had a daughter, L y d i a , w h o married
Colonel A m o s
A r r i v i n g i n C a n a d a w i t h her m o t h e r , the
d a u g h t e r , C h r i s t i n e , h a d been b a p t i z e d i n the
F r e n c h C h u r c h a n d at s i x t e e n m a r r i e d to a
F r e n c h g e n t l e m a n , L e B e a u , w h o appears to
have d i e d soon after. T h u s she m i g h t legally
t a k e a d v a n t a g e of the p l a n for the e x c h a n g e
of prisoners a n d r e t u r n to D o v e r .
C o g s w e l l of D o v e r .
Another
L y d i a , b o r n of this m a r r i a g e , m a r r i e d P a u l
Wentworth
of
Sandwich
and
became
the
m o t h e r of the H o n o r a b l e J o h n ( " L o n g J o h n " )
W e n t w o r t h , first m a y o r of C h i c a g o .
Christine
Captain
T w o interested h i s t o r i a n s h a v e set d o w n
the events w h i c h o c c u r r e d i n c o n n e c t i o n w i t h
the m a r r i a g e of M a d a m e L e B e a u to C a p t a i n
Baker.
One
was
the
Reverend
Silas
K e t c h u m , l o n g P r e s i d e n t of the N e w H a m p shire A n t i q u a r i a n Society, a n d a m e m b e r of
T h e N e w H a m p s h i r e H i s t o r i c a l Society to
w h i c h he left his l i b r a r y .
T h e Reverend
K e t c h u m ' s article appears i n the N e w H a m p -
Baker
Baker,
lived
her
to
be
husband,
Massachusetts
i n the l e g i s l a t u r e a n d d i e d i n
These
of
first
of
aged
town
the
representative
'753'
the
eighty-four.
was
Brookfield,
seventy-one.
were
not
the o n l y
captives.
The
I n d i a n h i s t o r y of N e w H a m p s h i r e i n fact is
m o r e a history of persons t a k e n to C a n a d a by
the I n d i a n s t h a n a history of battles or scalpings.
W h i l e other states w e r e the scenes of
e x c i t i n g battles
tured
in
with
books
and
the I n d i a n s , l o n g
legend
as
counters w i t h the n a t i v e s i n t h e i r f u l l
giving forth
INDIAN BORDER DECORATION. ENSIGN & THAYER'S
MAP
IN T H E N E W
HAMPSHIRE
HISTORICAL
SOCIETY'S
COLLECTION.
war-whoops
tomahawks, N e w
and
pic-
bloody
en-
regalia
waving
their
H a m p s h i r e has to be c o n -
tent w i t h p e a c e - m a k i n g e n c o u n t e r s , occasional
"massacres,"
and
the
various
captivities
in
w h i c h a considerable n u m b e r of settlers w e r e
t a k e n to C a n a d a , a n d later r e d e e m e d .
I n d i a n h i s t o r y i n this state b e g a n w i t h the
coming
of
the colonists
i n the
1620's
and
lasted u n t i l the close of the so-called F r e n c h
and
I n d i a n W a r i n the
about
a century and a
1760's, a p e r i o d
half.
The
of
territory
w h i c h is n o w N e w H a m p s h i r e w i t h its l a k e s ,
rivers, mountains and
I n d i a n habitation.
valleys
was
ideal
for
F i s h and game abounded,
p r o v i d i n g both food a n d c l o t h i n g .
T h e tribes
w e r e by no m e a n s large a n d u s u a l l y content
to stay w i t h i n l i m i t e d areas.
F r a n c i s P a r k m a n , the h i s t o r i a n , has w r i t t e n
a d e s c r i p t i o n of the I n d i a n s to the n o r t h i n
A c a d i a w h i c h seems to a p p l y e q u a l l y w e l l to
New
GENERAL JOHN STARK.
FROM A
P R I N T IN T H E N E W HAMPSHIRE
HISTORICAL SOCIETY'S COLLECTION.
Hampshire.
I n l a n d A f a d i u , he says, w a s a l l forest, a n d
vast tracts of it are a p r i m e v a l forest s t i l l .
Flere r o a m e d the A b e n a k i s w i t h their k i n d r e d
tribes, a race w i l d as their haunts. I n habits
they were all m u c h a l i k e . T h e i r villages w e r e
on the waters of the A n d r o s c o g g i n , the Saco,
�6
HISTORICAL
"LONG
JOHN"
Wentworth
graduated jrom Dartmouth
in tlie Class oj
i8j6.
He was a member
of New
Hampshire's
distinguished
Wentworth
jamily.
After college he went to Chicago
and
became
editor
of
"The
Chicago
Democrat."
He served
as a
Representative
in Congress
and was
first elected Mayor of Chicago in 18^7.
He was the author of the
Wentworth
Genealogy.
N E W HAMPSHIRE
HISTORICAL
N E W HAMPSHIRE
tlic K e n n e b e c , the Penobscot, the St. C r o i x ,
anil the St. J o h n ; here i n spring they planted
their c o r n , beans, a n d p u m p k i n s , a n d t h e n ,
leaving them to g r o w , w e n t d o w n to the sea i n
their birch-canoes.
T h e y returned towards the e n d of s u m m e r ,
gathered their harvest, and w e n t again to the
sea, w h e r e they lived i n abundance on d u c k s ,
geese, a n d other w a t e r f o w l .
D u r i n g winter,
most of the w o m e n , c h i l d r e n , a n d oltl m e n
7
r e m a i n e d i n the villages; w h i l e the hunters
ranged the forest i n chase of moose, deer,
caribou, beavers, a n d bears.
T h e i r s u m m e r stay at the seashore w a s perhaps the most pleasant, a n d certainly the
most picturesque, part of their lives. B i v o u acked by some of the i n n u m e r a b l e coves a n d
inlets that indent these coasts, they passed
their days i n that alternation of indolence a n d
action w h i c h is a second nature to the I n d i a n .
H e r e i n w e t weather, w h i l e the torpid w a t e r
was d i m p l e d w i t h rain-drops, a n d the u p turned canoes lay idle o n the pebbles, the listless w a r r i o r smoked his pipe u n d e r his roof
of b a r k , or launched his slender craft at the
d a w n of the J u l y d a y , w h e n shores a n d
islands were painted i n shadow against the
rosy east, ancl forests, d u s k y a n d cool, lay
w a i t i n g for the sunrise.
T h e w o m e n gathered raspberries or w h o r t l e berries i n the open places of the woods, or
clams a n d oysters i n the sands a n d s h a l l o w s ,
a d d i n g their shells as a contribution to the
shell-heaps that have accumulated for ages
along these shores. T h e m e n fished, speared
porpoises, o r shot seals. A priest w a s often i n
the c a m p w a t c h i n g over his flock, a n d saying
mass every day i n a chapel of b a r k . T h e r e w a s
no lack of altar candles, made by m i x i n g t a l l o w w i t h the w a x of the bayberry, w h i c h
abounded a m o n g the rocky h i l l s , a n d w a s
gathered i n profusion by the squaws a n d
children.
The
white
men
of
England
came
to
the
s o u t h e r n shores of t h i s t e r r i t o r y a n d the w h i t e
m e n f r o m F r a n c e to the n o r t h e r n
The
INDIAN
PIPE.
NEW
HAMPSHIRE HISTORICAL
SOCIETY'S
COLLECTION.
T H E HONORABLE JOHN W F X T W O R I I I ,
FIRST MAYOR o r ("HICAOO. FROM A
PHOIOGRAPH IN T H E N E W HAMPSHIRE
HISTORICAL
SOCIETY'S COLLECTION.
boundaries.
colonists of these t w o n a t i o n s differed
in
t h e i r r e l a t i o n s to the o r i g i n a l n a t i v e s , a l t h o u g h
both asserted
conversion
publicly that their purpose
was
a n d c i v i l i z a t i o n , not a n n i h i l a t i o n .
SECTION OF MURAL I N THE MASCOMA SAVINGS B A N K , LEBANON, BY BERNARD F .
CHAPMAN.
FROM ' T I E T Y - T H R E E YEARS
OF PROGRESS" I N T H E N E W H A M P SHIRE HISTORICAL
SOCIETY'S LIBRARY.
�s
HISTORICAL
HISTORICAL
N E W HAMPSHIRE
K i n g J a m e s I for i n s t a n c e , Jiad said p i o u s l y
w h e n the colonists
the early
i6oo's
first
began to e m b a r k
that he
hoped
the
in
venture
" w o u l d result not o n l y i n profit but t e n d to
the g l o r y of G o d i n p r o p a g a t i n g the C h r i s t i a n
faith among
infidels a n d savages a n d
t h e m to h u m a n i t y a n d c i v i l i t y . "
bring
T h e French
colonists, l i k e w i s e , w e r e a l m o s t u n a n i m o u s i n
t h e i r z e a l to t u r n the I n d i a n s i n t o C h r i s t i a n s ,
a supreme
example
being Father Rasle
the priests associated
It cannot
the early
be a s s u m e d
New
and
with him.
by a n y m e a n s
Hampshire
colonists
here a n d b e g a n i m m e d i a t e w a r f a r e
to d r i v e the I n d i a n s out.
that
landed
intended
T h e r e w a s m u c h to
be l e a r n e d f r o m t h e m .
T h e science of t r a p -
p i n g , the habits of a g r i c u l t u r e a n d e v e n
skills
of
fishing
were
largely
the
unknown
to
t h e m a n d the I n d i a n s , as they t r a d e d , c o u l d
teach
them
a
great
p e r i o d of f r o m
deal.
1623
Thus
to 1675
the
first
w a s a t i m e of
peace-treaties a n d l a n d purchases, the agreements m a d e by the E n g l i s h b e i n g to a i d the
I n d i a n s against other tribes a n d to a l l o w t h e m
full h u n t i n g and
the
fishing
newcomers
privileges.
might
without molestation.
occupy
I n return
their
villages
T h a t this p l a n
worked
to a degree for a l m o s t a n e n t i r e g e n e r a t i o n
is
significant.
W h i l e there w a s a w a r against the I n d i a n s
INDIAN ARROW W I T H SIONK
ARROW-HEAD.
FROM T H E
N E W HAMPSHIRE HISTORICAL SOCIETY'S COLLECTION.
i n the first h a l f c e n t u r y of A m e r i c a n c o l o n i z a t i o n i n N e w E n g l a n d it d i d not occur i n N e w
Hampshire.
conducted
I t w a s against the P e q u o t s
l a r g e l y by C o n n e c t i c u t .
torian,
Belknap,
period.
Darby
reports
Field
h a v i n g discovered
sent there
who
is
to l o o k
the
the
savages except
with
gold
short
and
There
quarrel
war
and
Captain
a leading
figure
who
John
were
direct
effects
on
New
1643
of the N a r r a g a n s e t t
nomo,
enemy
i r e of
the
capture
of
the
had
and
Indians
a n d a treaty
was
m a d e by
with
success-
which
New
almost
t w o decades.
It
is
significant
that
during
this
period
o c c u r r e d one of the great events i n A m e r i c a n
h i s t o r y , the active
attempt
at c o n v e r s i o n
of
the A m e r i c a n I n d i a n s to the C h r i s t i a n f a i t h ,
i n k e e p i n g w i t h the professed a i m s of K i n g
J a m e s a n d his c o l o n i z e r s C a p t a i n J o h n S m i t h
and
Captain
New
John
Mason,
the
pioneers
of
Hampshire.
O b v i o u s l y , h o w e v e r , n o n e of these
gentle-
m e n h a d the o p p o r t u n i t y to do a n y t h i n g v e r y
p r a c t i c a l about i t , but J o h n
Eliot did.
He
" e n g a g e d i n the great w o r k of p r e a c h i n g u n t o
the
Indians,"
according
established
thus
in N e w
to
was
the
the
who
historian
forerunner
the
next
of
century
H a m p s h i r e as the
same
H o w m u c h the t h i r t y years of peace f r o m the
in
history.
against
Connecticut
the
other i n -
aroused
of
H a m p s h i r e w a s assured protection for
Wheelock,
in
Chieftain, Mianto-
Pequots,
Narragansett
ful
Eleazer
affairs
execution
Winthrop
U n c a s , C h i e f of the M o h e g a n s , w e r e
in
afterward
Hampshire
ill-advised
Governor
to
do
with
E l i o t ' s e n d e a v o r s is a m a t t e r
1630's to the
of
speculation,
i66o's
had
John
but c e r t a i n it is that there w a s peace i n those
years,
which
colonists
war, however,
The
E f f o r t s to p r e v e n t a w a r m a d e by R o g e r W i l l i a m s of R h o d e I s l a n d a n d a c o u n c i l h e l d by
and
h a d served i n t h a t w a r .
T h e Pequot
Samuel Eliot Morison,
in his admirable essay on John
Eliot,
sums
up
Eliot's
achievement
by
saying
that
"Indian
converts
could have
grasped
none oj the intellectual
subtleties
of
Puritanism,
hut if the mental
attitude
of prayer is worth anything Eliot
performed
a great and noble
work-"
JOHN E L I O T PREACHING TO T H E INDIANS.
FROM A P R I N T IN T H E N E W H A M P SHIRE HISTORICAL SOCIETY'S COLLECTION.
Gookin
part
subdued
Hampshire
While preaching to the Indians
many
significant
questions
were
asked
by
them
oj the preacher,
among
them:
"Why is sea-water salt and land
water
jresh?"
To which Eliot replied,
"Why
are strawberries
sweet and
cranberries
sour?"
Another question was, "Ij God could
not be seen with their eyes, how
could
He be seen tvith their sotds
within?"
Eliot's answer was, "If they saw a great
wigwam
wotdd
they think
that raccoons or foxes had built it that had
no wisdom?
No, hut they would
believe
some
wise
workman
made
it
though
they
did not see him.
So
should
they believe
concerning
God
when they looked up to Heaven,
Sun,
Moon and Stars, and saw this
great
house he hath made though
they do
not see him with their
eyes."
sort of preacher i n a s t i l l m o r e p r a c t i c a l w a y .
with
Underbill,
in N e w
JOHN
ELIOT
was horn in
England
in 1604, coming to America
in
1631.
As a minister at Roxhury
he met an
Indian prisoner jrom whom he learned
considerable
0/ the Indian
language.
He began preaching
to the Indians
in
1646.
He established
a mission
in
Massachusetts
jor "praying
Indians,"
and
with
his friend
Major
Daniel
Gookin extended his activities
throughout
New
England
prior
to
King
Philip's
War.
was
had
9
with
w h o d w e l t i n the southeastern
Connecticut
1637."
credited
w i t h the I n d i a n s .
remarkable
of
that
for
been, he s a i d , " n o
Pequots
T h e his-
during
the W h i t e M o u n t a i n s
i n part
p a r t to trade
that
and
N E W HAMPSHIRE
an
gave
the
opportunity
New
to
Hampshire
establish
them-
selves i n the n e w l a n d a n d b u i l d u p the protection they needed against
The
days
of
n o n e too l o n g .
preparation,
B y 1665
the
future.
however,
were
the g r o w t h of
New
the
E n g l a n d a n d the coast t o w n s of N e w
all
s h i r e h a d i n d i c a t e d a need for e x p a n s i o n
Hampto
N e w E n g l a n d of w h i c h N e w H a m p s h i r e w a s
the n o r t h w a r d .
a
T h e y h a d n o ideologies l i k e the m o d e r n ones
part
and
open
warfare
was
theatened.
T h e I n d i a n s k n e w this too.
�10
HISTORICAL N E W HAMPSHIRE
HISTORICAL N E W HAMPSHIRE
II
K i n g P h i l i p ' s W a r i n 1676,
dron's
settlement
in
on M a j o r W a l -
Dover.
After
three
years of neglect of their c r o p s , h o w e v e r , the
Indians discontinued their attacks.
New
Hampshire
commemorated
King
P h i l i p ' s W a r h a l f a c e n t u r y later w h e n G o v ernor
Jonathan
Governor
Hampshire
John
Belcher
and
Wentworth
grants
to
the
Lieutenantmade
New
descendants
of
soldiers i n that w a r , m o s t l y f r o m M a s s a c h u setts: N a r r a g a n s e t t N u m b e r T h r e e , n o w A m herst;
Narragansett
Goffstown;
Number
and Narragansett
Four,
now
Number
Five,
now Bedford, were all named i n commemor a t i o n of the great N e w E n g l a n d w a r w h i c h
SMITH (MKRISON HOUSE. DOVER. FROM THE ORIGINAL PAINTIXC
IN T H E N E W HAMPSHIRE HISTORICAL SOCIETY'S COLLECTION.
CAPTAIN
JOHN
LOCKE,
of Rye,
whose sword and the sickle with
which
he defended
himself against an attack
by Indians
who took his life, are
among the most valued possessions of
The New Hampshire
Historical
Society, came to America from
England
in the early i6oo's.
Settling in Dover
and later near Locke's
Neck i" Ry^,
he was reaping his fall harvest
when
several Indians attacked and killed him
but not before he had slashed one of
them with his sickle and cut of) his
nose.
Sickle
and sword
were
given
to The Society many years ago by The
Locke
family
Association,
to
which
they
descended
through
successive
generations
of Lockes.
of
" e n c r o a c h m e n t " or " a g g r e s s i o n "
resented
the
occupation
of
their
b u t they
coastwise
l a n d , their f i s h i n g w a t e r s a n d t h e i r i n t e r v a l e s
by
strangers
whose
civilization
seemed
to
m a k e t h e m p e r m a n e n t o w n e r s a n d not m e r e
tribal
transients as
the I n d i a n s h a d
always
been.
The
r e s u l t w a s a n occasion of f a r - r e a c h i n g
consequence
to
New
Hampshire.
King
P h i l i p ' s W a r w a s d i r e c t e d p r i m a r i l y at M a s s a chusetts, C o n n e c t i c u t a n d R h o d e I s l a n d b u t
it w a s a n a c t i o n by a great C o n f e d e r a t i o n of
Indian
tribes, w h i c h
England
i n c l u d e d a l l the
natives except
the P e n a c o o k s ,
Ossipees a n d the P e q u a w k e t s .
t i m e the
F o r the
w a r r i o r s i n c l u d e d the tribes
New
the
first
from
the n o r t h , w h i c h t o o k i n the M o h a w k s a n d
others later to be k n o w n as the " F i v e
Na-
tions."
The
colonists
blockhouses
h a s t i l y b u i l t stockades
and
a n d d i d a l l they c o u l d to erect
fortifications.
Nevertheless
there
were
I n d i a n attacks on B r o o k f i e l d , Deerfield a n d
Northfield
i n Massachusetts
and,
following
K I N G P H I L I P . FROM A PRINT IN T H E N E W
HAMPSHIRE HISTORICAL SOCIETY'S COLLECTION.
�12
HISTORICAL
THE
NARRAGANSETT
WAR had
other indirect
effects on New
Hampshire, in addition
to tlie naming
oj
its towns.
In this war tlie
wealthy
Captain
Thomas
Howard
was
killed
and his widow
later married
a Connecticut jarmer,
William Moor.
Upon
his death, liis son, Joshua Moor,
finding himselj
with more property
than
he needed, deeded land and
buildings
near Lebanon,
Connecticut
jor the
jounding
oj Moor's
Indian
Charity
School, which ajterward
became
Dartmouth
College.
HISTORICAL
N E W HAMPSHIRE
completely
annihilated
the
on t h e i r t r a d i n g .
Narragansett
Waldron
W i t h a n u n s e t t l e d peace r e i g n i n g i n most
New
death,
England
the
New
following
Hampshire
King
killed.
Philip's
I n s t e a d the occasion t u r n e d
colonists
ginning
Indian
blockhouses
s c o u t i n g parties
sent out.
were
A
built,
defense
leader
of
the
colonists
fight
and
was
others
w e r e c a p t u r e d a n d t a k e n to C a n a d a , the be-
em-
north.
More
the
M a n y d i e d i n this
b a r k e d on a p o l i c y of a r m e d e x p a n s i o n to the
and
of
a long
attacks
series
of
such
continued
at
Salmon
E x e t e r , a n d the n e a r b y t o w n s .
force
captures.
Falls,
Y o r k , Maine,
w a s o r g a n i z e d i n a l m o s t every t o w n a n d v i l -
was
lage.
Exeter
ham, Rye, in N e w Hampshire, and Haverhill
were
declared
and
Haverhill,
the
frontier
Massachusetts
and
in
bounties
w e r e offered for I n d i a n scalps.
THE
FRENCH
had early reasons to
distrust the Colonists.
Belknap
points
out that the English,
under the Treaty
oj Breda
had ceded the land
jrom
the Penobscot
to Nona Scotia to the
French in exchange
jor the Island oj
St.
Christopher.
"On these lands," says Belknap,
"the
Baron de St. Castine had jor
many
years resided
and carried on a large
, trade tvith the Indians.
In the spring
'• oj i68S,
Governor
Andros
oj Massachusetts went in the jrigate Rose, and
plundered
Castine's
house and
jort,
leaving
only
the ornaments
oj his
^chapel to console him jor his loss oj
arms and goods.
This base action provoked Castine to excite the Indians to
King William's
War."
13
out to be a n a r m e d conflict i n w h i c h M a j o r
Indians.
of
N E W HAMPSHIRE
In
1680
New
b u r n e d a n d the I n d i a n s a t t a c k e d
Massachusetts.
Peace w a s m a d e w i t h the I n d i a n s by G o v -
H a m p s h i r e became a r o y a l
e r n o r D u d l e y i n 1703,
p r o v i n c e a n d the people left w i t h o n l y t h e m -
of
selves to l o o k to for p r o t e c t i o n . T h u s they c o n -
Anne.
t i n u e d u n t i l the o u t b r e a k of a n e w difficulty
themselves
k n o w n as K i n g W i l l i a m ' s W a r .
did
No
longer
w a s it against the s o u t h e r n I n d i a n s b u t the
fierce
tribes f r o m the N o r t h , the
William
the year of the d e a t h
I I I a n d the accession of
The
Indians,
at
St.
considerable
however,
Francis
in
trading
with
Canada
the
in N e w
H a m p s h i r e history a " t r a d i n g
at N a s h u a , c a l l e d Q u e e n ' s G a r r i s o n .
1689
meantime
allies
the
A i d e d i n A m e r i c a by t h e i r A b e n a k i
who
Penacooks,
in
turn
were
Cochecos
and
allied
with
the
Pequawkets,
the
of
there o c c u r r e d the
prisoners
and
the
lines
first
of
post"
I n the
exchange
towns
were
g r a d u a l l y e x t e n d e d to the n o r t h w a r d .
B e l k n a p , the h i s t o r i a n , says of this p e r i o d
F r e n c h a n d I n d i a n s w e r e a l l u n d e r the i m -
that " t h e g o v e r n o r of C a n a d a h a d e n c o u r a g e d
p l i c i t d i r e c t i o n of F r o n t e n a c at Q u e b e c .
the I n d i a n s w h o i n h a b i t e d the borders of N e w
T h e first o u t b r e a k o c c u r r e d at D o v e r w h e r e
England
the N e w H a m p s h i r e tribes h a d come to c a r r y
to r e m o v e
to
Canada"
where,
INDIAN
TOMAHAWK.
FROM
T H E N E W HAMPSHIRE H I S l O R i o A L SOCIETY'S COLLECTION.
INDIAN T R I B A L CHIEF'S BEADED V E S T ,
W I T H H I S L I F E HISTORY ( F R O N T ) .
FROM
T H E N E W HAMPSHIRE
HISTORICAL SOCIETY'S COLLECTION.
and
New
E n g l a n d e r s , w h o established for the first t i m e
Abenakis.
a n d F r a n c e soon d e c l a r e d w a r o n
Queen
established
W i l l i a m I I I h a d become K i n g of E n g l a n d i n
English.
Dur-
INDIAN T R I B A L CHIEF'S BEADED V E S T ,
W I T H H I S L I F E HISTORY ( B A C K ) .
FROM
T H E N E W HAMPSHIRE
HISTORICAL SOCIETY'S COLLECTION.
he
�14
HISTORICAL
FOREMOST
among the French
missionaries
to the Indians
was
Father
Sebastian
Rasle, a much loved
Jesuit
priest, who apparently
possessed a great
personal
magnetism
in contrast to the
enthusiastic
but
comparatively
unimaginative
John
Eliot.
Father Rasle is said to have
hunted
and fished
with the Indians,
"always
erecting a chapel of bark that he might
say a daily mass."
His first church in
the colonies
was destroyed
by the
settlers in 170$ while
he was absent.
He built another,
adorned
with
paintings done by himself, and
maintained
an Indian
choir of forty voices
with
home-made
bayberry
candles
at the
altar which were said to have made a
"blaze
of
light."
Sebastian
Rasle compiled
a
French
dictionary
of Indian
terms which
has
been preserved.
He was killed
{1724)
near a cross he had erected
at Norridgewock
in Maine during
Lovewell's
War.
Many
years later a group
of
Protestants
and
Catholics
joined
to
erect
a monument
over
hts
grave
\
celebrating,
as his
biographer
• says, the "patient
toils of the
missionary and love of the darkened
soid of
*,the Indian,
placing the names of Eliot
and Rasle in a fellowship
which
they
indeed
would
both have rejected,
but
which we may regard as hallowed
and
true."
N E W HAMPSHIRE
adds, "they
the affairs
HISTORICAL
became
more
firmly
attached
of t h e F r e n c h a n d c o u l d be
N E W HAMPSHIRE
to
more
easily d i s p a t c h e d to the f r o n t i e r s . "
Thus
the
the conflect b e t w e e n
red
men
Indians
took
engaged
on
a
almost
the w h i t e s
new
wholly
seldom i n open w a r f a r e .
and
aspect.
in
The
"raids,"
C o m p a n i e s of
New
H a m p s h i r e v o l u n t e e r s often r e t u r n e d w i t h o u t
meeting
sudden
any,
w h i l e , as
attacks
by
in
1706,
small
there
bodies
on
were
Dover,
O y s t e r R i v e r a n d the t o w n s to the east.
the I n d i a n s descended
and
Great
Boar's
on E x e t e r ,
Head,
Later
Kingston,
taking
scalps
and
that
prevailed
prisoners.
Such
was
the c o n d i t i o n
the accession of K i n g G e o r g e I i n 1713.
at
The
s i g n i n g of the Peace T r e a t y of U t r e c h t i n that
year b r o u g h t a cessation of E u r o p e a n
hostili-
ties for a p e r i o d of t w e n t y - s i x years a n d
Hampshire
benefitted
accordingly.
New
INDIAN CHILD'S SNOWSHOES. N E W H A M P SHIRE HISTORICAL SOCIETY'S COLLECTION.
There
w e r e s e v e r a l e x c e p t i o n s , h o w e v e r , as far as the
Indians were concerned.
shire's t h i r d
I n 1722
New Hamp-
I n d i a n w a r occurred, k n o w n
as
L o v e w e l l ' s W a r , made famous through w i d e l y
circulated ballads a n d
The
Francis
first
serious
Indians
pamphlets.
attacks
at
were
Dover
in
by
the
1724.
St.
Cap-
t a i n J o h n L o v e w e l l of D u n s t a b l e i m m e d i a t e l y
o r g a n i z e d a c o m p a n y a n d m e t t h e m the n e x t
year at P e q u a w k e t , n o w F r y e b u r g .
Jonathan
F r y e , w h o s e n a m e the t o w n s bears, w a s C h a p lain
in
Maine,
F r y e b u r g w a s settled l a r g e l y by N e w
of
Hamp-
shire
Paugus
to
the
the
company.
people.
The
Indians
w e r e defeated
colonists.
Although
under
Chief
w i t h considerable
Chaplain Frye
was
i n the battle as w a s C a p t a i n L o v e w e l l .
loss
killed
The
N e w H a m p s h i r e t o w n of S u n c o o k , n o w P e m broke, was granted
years after
the
to L o v e w e l l ' s
men
three
fight.
B e l k n a p has d e s c r i b e d this p e r i o d i n I n d i a n
history v i v i d l y .
To
account, he says, for the frequent
w a r s w i t h the eastern I n d i a n s , u s u a l l y called
by the F r e n c h , the A b e n a q u i s , a n d their
unsteadiness both i n w a r and peace; w e m u s t
observe, that they were situated between the
colonies of t w o E u r o p e a n nations, w h o w e r e
often at w a r w i t h each other, antl w h o pursued
very different measures w i t h regard to t h e m .
As the lands o n w h i c h they l i v e d w e r e c o m prehended i n the patents granted by the c r o w n
of E n g l a n d , the natives were considered b y the
E n g l i s h as subjects of that c r o w n .
I n the
treaties a n d conferences held w i t h t h e m they
were styled the k i n g ' s subjects; w h e n w a r w a s
declared against t h e m , they w e r e called rebels;
PAUGUS
was one of the Chiefs of
the Pequawket
tribe.
He is said to
have organized
many of the
Indian
raids which brought on Lovewell's
War
in 172^.
His warriors
were
attacked
by Captain
Lovewell
on the
border
between
Maine
and New
Hampshire
near Fryeburg,
as they were about to
leave on an expedition
carrying
much
ammunition
together
with spare
blankets and moccasins for the use of captives.
Paugus
and all his men
were
killed in this attackA verse composed
the occasion
begins:
to
commemorate
'Twas Paugus led the Pequ'k't
tribe:
As runs the fox, would Paugus
run;
As howls
the wild
wolf, would
he
howl;
A huge bear-skin
had Paugus
on.
But Chamberlain,
of
Dunstable,
One whom
a savage ne'er shall
slay.
Met Paugus
by the
water-side.
And shot him dead upon that day.
and w h e n they w e r e compelled to m a k e peace,
they subscribed a n a c k n o w l e d g m e n t of their
perfidy a n d a declaration of their submission
to the g o v e r n m e n t w i t h o u t a n y j u s t ideas of
the m e a n i n g of those t e r m s ; a n d i t is a difficult point to determine w h a t k i n d of subjects
they w e r e .
Besides the patents derived f r o m the c r o w n
the E n g l i s h , i n general, were fond of obtaining f r o m the I n d i a n s , deeds of sale for tho.se
lands o n w h i c h they were disposed to m a k e
settlements.
Some of these deeds w e r e executed w i t h legal f o r m a l i t y , a n d a valuable
consideration w a s paid to the natives for the
purchase; others were obscure a n d u n c e r t a i n ;
but
the
memory
of
such
transactions
WAS soon lost a m o n g a people w h o h a d no
w r i t t e n records.
L a n d s h a d been purchased of the I n d i a n
chiefs on the rivers K c n n e b e c k a n d St. George
at a n early period; b u t the succeeding I n d i a n s
either h a d no k n o w l e d g e of the sales m a d e by
their ancestors, or had a n idea that such bargains were not b i n d i n g o n posterity w h o h a d
as m u c h need of the lands, a n d c o u l d use t h e m
to the same purpose as their fathers. A t first,
the I n d i a n s d i d not k n o w that the E u r o p e a n
m a n n e r of c u l t i v a t i n g lands a n d erecting m i l l s
and tlams w o u l d drive a w a y the game a n d
fish, and thereby deprive them of the means
of subsistence; a f t e r w a r d , finding by e x p e r i ence that this w a s the consec]uence of a d m i t ting foreigners to settle a m o n g t h e m , they
repented of their hospitality a n d were i n c l i n e d
to dispossess their n e w neighbors, as the o n l y
w a y of restoring the country to its pristine
state a n d of recovering their u s u a l mode of
subsistence.
T h e y were e x t r e m e l y offended by the settlements w h i c h the E n g l i s h , after the peace of
�i6
HISTORICAL
JEREMY
BELKNAP,
was horn
in
Boston,
IJ44,
entered
Harvard
at
fifteen, graduating
in 1762.
He tatiglit
sc/iool in New Hampshire
and
hecame
pastor
of the Dover
Congregational
Church.
He was the author
of the
first definitive
"History
of New
Hampshire"
in three volumes
and was one
of the founders
of The
Massachusetts
Historical
Society.
He died in
lygS.
N E W
HAMPSHIRE
HISTORICAL
17
It was i n the power of the E n g l i s h to supply them w i t h provisions, a r m s , a m m u n i t i o n ,
blankets and other articles w h i c h they w a n t e d
cheaper than they could purchase them of the
French.
G o v e r n o r Shute hat! promised that
t r a i l i n g houses should be established a m o n g
t h e m , and that a s m i t h should be provided
to keep their a r m s and other i n s t r u m e n t s i n
repair; but the u n h a p p y contentions between
the governor and assembly of Massachusetts
|)revented a compliance w i t h this engagement.
T h e I n d i a n s were therefore obliged to submit to the impositions of private traders, or
to seek supplies f r o m the F r e n c h w h o failed
not to j o i n w i t h them i n reproaching the
E n g l i s h for this breach of promise, a n d for
their a v i d i t y i n getting a w a y the l a n d .
GOVERNOR SAMUEL SHUTE. FROM
A P R I N T IN T H E N E W HAMPSHIRE
HISTORICAL SOCIETY'S COLLECTION.
SAMUEL
SHUTE
was governor
of
New
Hampshire
and also
Massachusetts from 1716 to 1724.
Through
his
influence
and that of his hrother
fohn
Slitite,
Earl of Barrington,
tlie
Scotch
settlers in the north of Ireland
were
welcomed
to America
in 1718,
where
they
settled
in
Londonderry,
New
Hampshire.
INDUS- SIGNATURKS OX E A R L Y M A P OF
N E W HAMPSHIRE " N O R T H COUNTRY."
FROM
THE
NEW
HAMPSHIRE
HISTORICAL SOCIETY'S COLLECTION.
HAMPSHIRE
K i n g of F r a n c e ; and solitary traders resided
w i t h , or occasionally visited t h e m ; but no
attempt was made by any c o m p a n y to settle
on their lands.
U t r e c h t , inatle on the hmths to the eastward
and by their b u i l d i n j ; forts, block houses and
n u l l s ; whereby their mode of passing the rivers
and carrying-places was i n t e r r u p t e d ; and they
could not believe, though they were told w i t h
great solemnity, that these forufications w e r e
erected for their defence against i n v a s i o n .
W h e n conferences were held w i t h t h e m on this
subject, they either denied that the lands h a d
been sold, or pretended that the sachems h a d
exceedetl their power i n m a k i n g the bargains;
or had c o n v e j e d lands beyond the limits of
their tribe; or that the E n g l i s h had t a k e n
advantage of their d r u n k e n n e s s to m a k e t h e m
sign the deeds; or that no valuable consideration had been g i v e n for the purchase.
No
arguments or evidence w h i c h could be a d duced w o u l d satisfy them unless the lands w e r e
paid for a g a i n ; antl had this been done once,
their posterity after a few years w o u l d have
renewed the d e m a n d .
O n the other h a n d , the F r e n c h d i d not i n
a f o r m a l m a n n e r declare them subjects of the
c r o w n of F r a n c e but every tribe, h o w e v e r
s m a l l , w a s a l l o w e d to preserve its independence.
T h o s e w h o were situated i n the heart
of C a n a d a kept their lands to themselves,
w h i c h were never solicited f r o m t h e m ; those
w h o d w e l t on the rivers a n d shores of the
A d a n t i c , though distant f r o m the F r e n c h
colonies, received a n n u a l presents f r o m the
N E W
T h e inhabitants of the eastern parts of N e w
E n g l a n d were not of the best character for
religion and were ill-adapted to engage the
affections of the I n d i a n s by their e x a m p l e .
T h e frequent hostilities on this quarter, not
only kept alive a spirit of jealousy a n d revenge i n i n d i v i d u a l s , but jirevented a n y e n deavors
to propagate religious
knowledge
a m o n g the I n d i a n s by the g o v e r n m e n t ; though
it was one of the conditions of their charter;
and though m a n y good men w i s h e d it might
be attempted.
A t length. G o v e r n o r Shute, i n his conference w i t h their sachems at A r r o w s i c k , i n t r o duced this i m p o r t a n t business by
offering
thcni i n a f o r m a l m a n n e r , an I n d i a n bible,
and a protestant missionary; but they rejected
both, saying " G o d hath g i v e n us teaching a l ready, and if we should go f r o m i t , we should
displease h i m . " H e w o u l d have done m u c h
better service and perhaps prevented a w a r ,
if he had complied w i t h their earnest desire
to fix a boundary beyond w h i c h the E n g l i s h
should not extend their settlements. . \m a n , i n conversation w i t h one of
their
sachems, asked h i m w h y they w e r e so strongly
attached to the F r e n c h , f r o m w h o m they
could not expect to receive so m u c h benefit
as f r o m the E n g l i s h ; the sachem g r a v e l y a n s w e r e d , "because the F r e n c h have taught
us to prav to G o d , w h i c h the E n g l i s h never
did."
A considerable n u m b e r of prisoners h a v i n g
been t a k e n d u r i n g these t i m e s . N e w H a m p s h i r e , i n 1725, m a d e its first overtures to the
C a n a d i a n a u t h o r i t i e s for t h e i r r e t u r n .
The
F r e n c h g o v e r n o r at M o n t r e a l a r r a n g e d a
m e e t i n g of the C o m m i s s i o n , of w h i c h T h e o dore A t k i n s o n of N e w H a m p s h i r e w a s one,
w i t h the I n d i a n chiefs of the A b e n a k i tribe.
S i x t e e n captives w e r e r a n s o m e d as the result
of this m e e t i n g .
�HISTORICAL
N E W HAMPSHIRE
The
province
blessed
with
HISTORICAL
of
New
Hampshire
comparative
peace
I n d i a n s for the n e x t decade.
the
Settlements
i n tiers a n d n a m e d
ber, one, t w o , three a n d four.
by
19
was
with
ad-
v a n c e d to the n o r t h as t o w n after t o w n
g r a n t e d , often
N E W HAMPSHIRE
was
num-
N o t u n t i l the
accession of K i n g G e o r g e I I I i n 1741
d i d the
I n d i a n s a g a i n become a threat to N e w
Hamp-
shire.
T h e w a r s b e t w e e n the w h i t e m e n a n d
red
men
affairs.
had
heretofore
With
hostilities
been
purely
between
the
local
England
a n d S p a i n , i n w h i c h the F r e n c h a l l i e d t h e m selves against
the
began.
Hampshire
New
English, a world
would
conflict
be
drawn
i n t o this conflict, since it lay on the
border-
line between F r a n c e and E n g l a n d .
B y the year
between
1 7 4 4 there w a s open
the N e w
E n g l a n d colonies
warfare
and
the
F r e n c h to the n o r t h , s a i d to be to protect the
fishing
interests at C a p e B r e t o n but
to b e g i n
probably
a n e w series of attacks against
the
I n d i a n tribes c o n s i d e r e d to be a l l i e d w i t h the
French in
Canada.
T h e extent to w h i c h this w a s t r u e is u n certain.
As
early
as
1725
Vaudreuil,
the
F r e n c h G o v e r n o r of C a n a d a h a d i n s i s t e d t h a t
his g o v e r n m e n t
" h a d neither encouraged
or
s u p p l i e d t h e m for the purpose of w a r . " T h e y
were,
INDIAN M A L L E T . FROM T H E
N E W HAMPSHIRE HISTORICAL SOCIETY'S COLLECTION.
"an
he
asserted
independent
(meaning
the
Abenakis),
n a t i o n " a n d s a i d that
war
w a s " u n d e r t a k e n by t h e m i n defence of t h e i r
l a n d s w h i c h h a d been i n v a d e d by the people
of N e w
('oi.oNiAi. l^LocK HOUSE AND Situ.KADI,.
FROM A P R I N T IN
T H E N E W HAMPSHIRE HISTORICAL S o c i E ' r Y ' s COLLECTION.
England."
INDIAN BEADED MOCCASINS IN T H E N E W
HAMPSHIRE HISTORICAL SOCIETY'S COLLECTION.
ONE of the New Hampshire
forts,
or "garrisons"
at Concord is
described
in a printed address given in i8go hefore Tlie
New
Hampsliire
Historical
Society.
It was htiilt, according to this
address: "of hewed logs, which lay flat
upon each
other."
The ends, heing fitted for the purpose, it continues,
ivere inserted
in
grooves
set in large posts, erected at
each corner.
They enclosed an area of
several square rods, were raised to the
height
of a common
dwelling-house,
and at two or more of the
corners
were placed hoxcs where sentinels
kept
watch.
In some cases, several
small
huildings,
erected
for the
temporary
accommodation
of families, were
within the enclosure.
Houses
not
connected with garrisons were all
deserted
hy their owners, and tire furniture
removed.
In the day-time
men
went
forth
to tlieir labors
in
companies,
always carrying their guns with
them,
and one or more of tlieir
number
placed on guard.
If the Indians
were
discovered
approaching,
alarm
guns
were fired, and the report
answered
from fort to fort.
On the Sabbath tJie
men went armed to the Iwuse of worship, stacked their guns around a post
in tile middle,
and sat down
with
bullet-pouch
and potvder-liorn
slung
across
their
shoulders,
while
their
pastor, the Rev. Timothy
Walker,
who
is said to have had the best gun in
the parish, prayed and preached
with
his gun standing in the
ptdpit.
Mr.
Atkinson,
shire
at
claimed
outside
the
representing
conference
t h a t the N e w
their
province
New
held
in
HampMontreal,
England
lands
and
the
that
were
whites
h a d as m u c h r i g h t there as the I n d i a n s .
is c e r t a i n that the N o r t h e r n I n d i a n s
o n l y a total of a f e w
Hampshire
One
square
It
occupied
m i l e s of
New
agreed
upon
territory.
thing
is a p p a r e n t
and
by h i s t o r i a n s : that the w a y to the a t t a c k
Cape
Breton
by
the N e w
Englanders
on
asso-
ciated as they w e r e w i t h the E n g l i s h C r o w n ,
lay t h r o u g h I n d i a n c o u n t r y a n d that the I n d i a n tribes there m u s t be o v e r c o m e
first.
appears,
another
however,
that
there
was
It
route a n d the battle of L o u i s b o u r g , the c i t a d e l
of C a p e
on
the
Breton, w a s actually fought
sea.
Most
of the
New
largely
Hampshire
v o l u n t e e r s w h o took p a r t i n it n e v e r s a w a n y
I n d i a n s , except those c o m p a r a t i v e l y
few
who
helped to m a n the forts p r o t e c t i n g the F r e n c h
c i t i z e n s of a n o t h e r w i s e
New
England
volunteers
clergy
peaceful
city.
had, according
to h i s t o r y ,
m o t i v e s ; first to protect the N e w
countryside
second
vaders,"
to
against
move
who
"aggression,"
the
had
t h i r d to
the
no
several
Hampshire
Northern
against
probably
and
The
w h o e n c o u r a g e d these
Indians;
French
"in-
i n t e n t i o n of
instigate
a
reli-
g i o u s " c r u s a d e " ostensibly opposed to that of
the F r e n c h , w h i c h w o u l d , as the
Reverend
G e o r g e W h i t e f i e l d p u t i t , be " u n d e r the l e a d -
�20
HISTORICAL
NEW
BRETON
was the name of
a New
Hampshire
town granted
by
Governor
Bcnning
Wentworth
in
ly^i
in honor of those w/io fought at Cape
Breton.
Among
the
applicants
for
land were Captain John Ladd and Captain Ebenezer
Webster, father of Daniel
Webster.
In lyyg
the town was renamed
Andovcr.
N E W
HAMPSHIRE
HISTORICAL
N E W
21
HAMPSHIRE
e r s h i p of C h r i s t , " a n d i n the w o r d s of P a r s o n
the
M o o d y of P o r t s m o u t h , " h e w d o w n the a h a r s
C h a r l e s t o w n i n his h o n o r .
i n the F r e n c h c h u r c h e s . "
Indian
W h a t e v e r a c t u a l l y o c c u r r e d , the F r e n c h a n d
I n d i a n s d i d not t h e n i n v a d e N e w
since
Louisbourg
siege,
with
Shirley
was
subdued
Colonel
and
settlement
attacks
subsequently
similar
to
C h a r l e s t o w n , but a p p a r e n d y
England,
following
was
i n by the F r e n c h forces,
a
named
the
one
at
not p a r t i c i p a t e d
also took
place
at
R o c h e s t e r a n d at C o n c o r d ( t h e n called R u m -
Pepperrell,
Governor
f o r d ) d u r i n g the same p e r i o d .
Lieutenant-Governor
Vaughan
attack
in
1746,
known
T h e Concord
i n history
as
"The
e m e r g i n g as heroes, n o t w i t h s t a n d i n g the fact
B r a d l e y M a s s a c r e , " r e s u l t e d i n the s l a y i n g of
that
five
i n the r e s u l t i n g treaty
of A i x - l a - C h a p -
citizens, whose
names
are i n s c r i b e d
on
pelle the E n g l i s h r e t u r n e d L o u i s b o u r g to its
w h a t is k n o w n as " T h e B r a d l e y
Monument"
original F r e n c h proprietors.
i n the w e s t e r n p a r t of the t o w n .
T h e monu-
T h e L o u i s b o u r g i n c i d e n t , h o w e v e r , w a s not
w i t h o u t its I n d i a n repercussions.
naki
The
tribes, bitter at the a p p a r e n t
t h e i r F r e n c h patrons, soon b e g a n
ment
Abe-
defeat
was
deeded
of
erected
to T h e
in
New
1837
and
was
Hampshire
later
Historical
Society.
retaliatory
A t the b e g i n n i n g of the S e v e n Y e a r s ' W a r ,
w a r f a r e i n earnest against N e w E n g l a n d a n d
k n o w n i n A m e r i c a as the F r e n c h a n d I n d i a n
New
W a r , N e w H a m p s h i r e v o l u n t e e r troops p a r t i -
Hampshire
in particular.
Forts
at once erected by Massachusetts
Four
or
Charlestown;
Great
at
were
Number
Meadow
W e s t m o r e l a n d ; G r e a t F a l l or W a l p o l e ;
Dummer
or
Hinsdale;
Upper
Ashuelot
H a m p s h i r e fortifications
Souhegan
East
or
or
The
Indian
these
places.
against
T h e encounters
do
most
ticut R i v e r
from
Canada
Indians,
directly
the
New
a
Johnson.
campaign
Hampshire
T h e f r o n t i e r t o w n s of S a l i s b u r y ,
not
down
and
the
seem
Connec-
preyed
located b e t w e e n the
panies of " R a n g e r s "
BRADLEY MONUMENT. D E E D E D TO T H E
N E W HAMPSHIRE HISTORICAL SOCIETY.
Robert
interest.
Rogers
of w h i c h that of
T h e a c c o u n t of R o g e r s ' s R a n g e r s is
upon
Connec-
I n 1747, h o w e v e r . C a p t a i n P h i n e h a s Stevens
h a v i n g o r g a n i z e d w h a t w a s p r o b a b l y the
of
"Rangers,"
a r r i v e d at
t o w n f r o m D e e r f i e l d a n d set u p
first
Charles-
headquarters
i n the F o r t k n o w n as " N u m b e r F o u r , " u n d e r
the j u r i s d i c t i o n of M a s s a c h u s e t t s .
F o r almost
the first t i m e a n I n d i a n " b a t t l e " o c c u r r e d o n
N e w H a m p s h i r e s o i l , i n w h i c h the a t t a c k i n g
force
was composed,
diers.
Although
i n p a r t , of F r e n c h sol-
this force
apparently
out-
n u m b e r e d the g a r r i s o n t h e i r a t t a c k w a s u n successful.
a
sturdy
plan
The
fort,
four-sided
b u i l t i n the f o r m
log
of w h i c h has been
ported
to
be
the
best of
stockade,
preserved,
an
of
exact
was
re-
its k i n d i n
New
E n g l a n d a n d a m o d e l for other t o w n s .
Ad-
miral Sir Charles Knowles, in command
of
the E n g l i s h fleet at B o s t o n m a d e the g a r r i s o n
a gift of a h a n d s o m e
gold-hiked
sword
and
Major
c l a i m s the greatest h i s t o r i c a l
t i c u t a n d the M e r r i m a c k .
company
extent
the I n d i a n s
a n d captives t a k e n .
of
to h a v e been by l a r g e bodies of I n d i a n s , but
the settlements
not
T h e s e i n c i d e n t s l e d to the f o r m i n g of c o m -
recurred
small groups w h o came
the
was
W a l p o l e , H i n s d a l e and Keene were all raided
Rochester.
attacks
against
t h e i r allies.
Souhegan
W e s t or A m h e r s t a n d at L o n d o n d e r r y , C h e s ter, E p s o m a n d
this
to w h i c h the F r e n c h h a d m a d e
Hopkinton,
Merrimack,
While
soldiers h a d reason to l e a r n soon the
w e r e b u i l t at
Pcnacook, Suncook, Contoocook,
i n the a t t a c k on C r o w n P o i n t
u n d e r the d i r e c t i o n of S i r W i l l i a m
Fort
K e e n e a n d L o w e r A s h u e l o t or S w a n z e y .
New
cipated i n 1754
or
S I R W I L L I A M IOHNSON.
FROM A
P R I N T IN T H E N E W HAMPSHIRE
HISTORICAL SOCIETY'S COLLECTION.
�22
HISTORICAL
N E W HAMPSHIRE
SIR WILLIAM
JOHNSON
was tlie
nephew of Admiral
Sir Peter
Warren,
tvho bore the same name as the New
Hampshire
town of Warren and who
received
a grant of land in the Mohawk Valley from the English
government.
Sir William
came to
America
and settled on this land in iJsS.
In
I74y it was largely through
his efforts
that the Mohawk
Indians
remained
peaceful
during
the
war
betiveen
England
and
Prance.
He held numerous
councils with the
tribes,
with whom
lie traded in furs
and othei- articles
and in 7755 was
given the "sole management
and direction of the affairs of the six nations of
Indians and their allies."
In this position he commanded
a force of some
two thousand
colonial
militia and two
or three
hundred
Indians.
In
iy6o
with a force of several hundred
Indians
lie joined
General
Amherst
in the
attack on
Montreal.
After the death of his first wife he
married
Molly
Brant,
a Mohawk
Indian and sister of Chief Joseph
Brant,
, whose Indian
name was
Thayendanegea and who was among the
Indians
educated
at Moor's
Indian
Charity
School at Lebanon,
Connecticut,
which
later hecame Dartmouth
College.
ROBERT R t x j E R S . FROM A P R I N T
IN T H E N E W HAMPSHIRE H I S TORICAL SOCIETY'S COLLECTION.
told i n c o n s i d e r a b l e
in
his
which
Journal
The
of
d e t a i l by R o g e r s h i m s e l f
Major
New
Robert
Hampshire
ciety L i b r a r y has s e v e r a l
ing
is
first
Rogers
his
re-told
by
Rogers
T h e story
K e n n e t h Roberts
h i s t o r i c a l n o v e l , Northivest
Major
So-
editions i n c l u d -
the r a r e D u b l i n copy of 1770.
admirably
of
Historical
collected
in
Passage.
a group
of
excel-
l e n t m a r k s m e n , a l l m e n w e l l - e q u i p p e d to face
severe
hardships,
ments
i n the v i c i n i t y of F o r t E d w a r d , F o r t
William
and
Henry
after
and
several
Crown
engage-
Point,
the
R a n g e r s w e r e o r d e r e d by G e n e r a l A m h e r s t to
destroy
The
the I n d i a n v i l l a g e of S t . F r a n c i s .
march
took
T h e y were ordered
to k i l l w o m e n
them
twenty-one
and children.
They
the m e n , t a k i n g
and
returned
down
the
the
remainder
This
is t h e last n o t a b l e
New
Hampshire
history.
most
prisoners
Connecticut
G e n e r a l J o h n S t a r k w a s one of the
not
attacked
the v i l l a g e d u r i n g the n i g h t , d i s p a t c h e d
of
days.
by G e n e r a l A m h e r s t
River.
Rangers.
I n d i a n encounter
in
CAPTAIN JOSEPH BRANT, "THAYENDENEGEA." FROM AN ENGRAVING
IN T H E N E W HAMPSHIRE HISTORICAL SOCIETY'S COLLECTION.
�24
HISTORICAL N E W HAMPSHIRE
HISTORICAL N E W HAMPSHIRE
EMMA
COLEMAN,
in her
fine
study of "New England
Captives
Carried to Canada,"
says:
"Our Indian enemies
in the Intercolonial Wars were almost without exception from the missions, from
those
established
on the rivers of Maine by
priests going
to Indian
villages
and
from those in Canada, near
Montreal,
Three Rivers and Quebec, to which Indians from New England
and New
York had been urged to migrate.
And
back to their mission-homes
they carried our people, where today many of
their kin are
living."
SECTION OF CAPTAIN JOSEPH BLAXCHAUD'S MAP^ SHOWING ROUTE OVER
W H I C H INDIAN CAPTIVES W E R E T A K E N TO CANADA.
FROM T H E
ORIGINAL IN T H E N E W HAMPSHIRE HISTORICAL SOCIETY'S COLLECTION.
I
or the I n d i a n s , c a m e
to A m e r i c a f r o m
they c o u l d h a v e w h a t they f o u n d h e r e , w h e t h e r
fish,
'America
h a d a precedent f r o m the S p a n i a r d s .
and brought
back
treasure
i n gold
and
E n g l a n d colonists k n e w there w a s n o g o l d a n d s i l v e r to be f o u n d .
is t o l d t h a t at one t i m e , l o n g after, a gifted
t h e e a r l y colonists of N e w
secution."
make
a
from
collected
considerable
either
South
the
New
The
story
speaker h a d t o l d h i s hearers
that
H a m p s h i r e " h a d c o m e here to escape r e l i g i o u s
per-
c a p t u r e a n d the events l e a d i n g u p to it.
Why
and
of
these people w e r e t a k e n to C a n a d a ,
h o w they w e r e treated a n d w h a t became
those
who
never
r e t u r n e d is w o r t h c o n -
s i d e r i n g at the outset.
of
colonization
was
T h e religious
as
important
H a m p s h i r e is u n i q u e i n h i s t o r y because of the fact
and
P u r i t a n of N e w E n g l a n d .
far
U n f o r t u n a t e l y for
H a m p s h i r e settlements
greater success
among
the
The
Indians
French
the F r e n c h
i n their
not
missionary
than
only
did
T h i s is one of the strange
M a n y of these captives w e r e t h u s
T h e s e prisoners
were
e l s e w h e r e , b u t of greater i m p o r t a n c e
the F r e n c h f a i t h , a d d i n g each t i m e , they h o p e d , to the s t r e n g t h of their
the F r e n c h . T h e i r v a l u e to the F r e n c h w a s
at
least
captures
threefold.
weaken
Not
the
only
would
E n g l i s h colonies,
over
to
own
c o l o n i z a t i o n i n C a n a d a a n d d i m i n i s h i n g that of the E n g l i s h colonies.
The
New
H a m p s h i r e H i s t o r i c a l Society's L i b r a r y has one of the best col-
lections i n A m e r i c a of " c a p t i v e " I n d i a n accounts.
S o m e are m e r e m a n u s c r i p t s .
MODEL OF BIKCH-BARK CANOE IN T H E N E W
HAMPSHIRE HISTORICAL SOCIETY'S COLLECTION.
to the
I n d i a n w a s the o p p o r t u n i t y of s e l l i n g t h e m to
paradoxes
carried back
adopted
i n t o the tribes at S t . F r a n c i s i n C a n a d a a n d
A g a i n a n d a g a i n the I n d i a n s descended f r o m the n o r t h o n a N e w H a m p s h i r e
prisoners."
for
m a s t e r y of N o r t h A m e r i c a .
an
r i v e r s a n d m o u n t a i n s to be sold to the F r e n c h , not as slaves but as converts
them
allies i n the great s t r u g g l e
of h i s t o r y .
t o w n or v i l l a g e to " t a k e
the
converted
e n t i r e l y n e w p r i n c i p l e ; they treated the settlers as they d i d furs a n d fish s e e k i n g
p r i m a r i l y to c a p t u r e t h e m a n d sell t h e m .
the
F r e n c h C a t h o l i c of C a n a d a as i t w a s to the
that i n s t e a d of
k i l l i n g the " i n t r u d e r s " the I n d i a n n a t i v e s of the soil adopted
aspect
to
money."
fighting
or
a u t o b i o g r a p h i c a l g i v i n g the story of a specific
i n t o effective
first.
are
biographical
" N a y , " r e p l i e d someone i n the a u d i e n c e , " t h e y c a m e here to fish a n d
New
docu-
number
t h e m to t h e i r f a i t h but also c o n v e r t e d
England
H a d they not gone to
B u t soon
pamphlets,
English.
or g a m e or m i n e r a l s
silver!
printed
labors
or m e r e l y soil to be c u l t i v a t e d .
They
fragments
And
had
N T H E C O N T E S T W i t h the I n d i a n s i n N e w H a m p s h i r e the p r o b l e m before the
T h e s e settlers h a d been t o l d that i f they c a m e
are
ments.
the N e w
New Hampshire Persons T a k e n as Captives
by the Indians
settlers as to w h o s h o u l d h a v e the l a n d , they
Others
25
INDIAN D O L L .
N E W HAMPSHIRE
HISTORICAL SOCIETY'S COLLECTION.
these
but
�HISTORICAL N E W HAMPSHIRE
HISTORICAL N E W HAMPSHIRE
THE
NEW
HAMPSHIRE
clergy
were particularly
irritated to find that
captives taken to Canada hy the Indians
had been given special protection
hy
the
French
Government.
Governor
Penning
Wentworth
voiced this concern when he wrote Lord
Holderness
in iy54 that "the young people
(captives)
are exposed
to the craft
oj
Romish clergy and are in great
danger
oj heing corrupted
with the
pernicious
principles oj the Church oj Rome, who
are assiduous in pro.^elytizing
them to
their own
religion."
The
first
27
captives to be t a k e n to
Canada
by the I n d i a n s w e r e those f r o m H a t f i e l d a n d
D e e r f i e l d , Massachusetts
of
King
Major
i n 1677
Philip's W a r .
Ebenezer
One
at the e n d
of
Hinsdale, from
these
was
whom
the
N e w Hampshire town was named.
w h o escaped,
Indians
apiece
for
though,
were
brought
expected
at
their
the
back news that
to
receive
captives
eight
in
at w a r
with
these
pounds
Canada
time, E n g l a n d
not openly
Another
and
one
even
France
another.
T h e C a n a d i a n I n d i a n s , it w a s b e l i e v e d , w o u l d
j o i n the n e x t r a i d i f this one p r o v e d
finan-
c i a l l y successful.
All
the captives w h o s u r v i v e d the t r e k to
C a n a d a w e r e redeemed
the f o l l o w i n g s p r i n g
i n c l u d i n g t w o infants aptly n a m e d
Waite
and
" C a p t i v i t y " Jennings.
"Canada"
In
order
to a c c o m p l i s h t h i s forty-six t o w n s c o n t r i b u t e d
344
p o u n d s , 3 s h i l l i n g s a n d 6 pence.
i n t e r e s t i n g to note
that the t o w n of
I t is
Ports-
m o u t h m a d e the second largest c o n t r i b u t i o n
to t h i s f u n d .
T h r e e h u n d r e d p o u n d s of the
total w e n t to C a n a d a as r a n s o m
money.
W h e t h e r or not these I n d i a n s f o u n d
trade i n N e w
creasing
Englanders
number
of
such
profitable,
this
an in-
depredations
oc-
c u r r e d d u r i n g the n e x t eighty years w i t h N e w
H a m p s h i r e l o s i n g its share of m e n ,
INDIAN WAMPUM B E L T .
FROM
T H E NEW
HAMPSHIRE HISTORCAL
SOCIETY'S COLLECTION.
women
INDIAN C H I L E .
FROM A PAINTING
FORMERLY OWNED BY SAMUEL G .
D R A K E , HISTORIAN. N E W HAMPSHIRE
HISTORICAL
SOCIETY'S COLLECTION.
they w e r e u s e f u l for prisoner e x c h a n g e s
for r a n s o m m o n e y .
be e m p l o y e d
sparsely
to bolster the labor
populated
and
F u t h e r m o r e they m i g h t
New
France.
supply
of
To
the
c l e r i c a l interests it w a s c e r t a i n l y w o r t h w h i l e
to convert
these
heretics
to
what
they
be-
l i e v e d to be the t r u e f a i t h , a n d this w a s done
w h e n e v e r possible.
thorough-going
Francis
T h e r e f o r e , they set u p a
bounty system.
P a r k m a n , w r i t i n g of
King
Wil-
l i a m ' s W a r , points out that
" T w e n t y crowns iiad been offered for each
male w h i t e , ten crowns for each female, a n d
ten crowns for each scalp, whether I n d i a n or
E n g l i s h . T h e bounty o n prisoners produced
an excellent result, since instead of k i l l i n g
them the I n d i a n allies learned to b r i n g them to
Quebec. I f c h i l d r e n , they were placed i n the
convents; and if adults, they were distributed
to labor among the settlers. T h u s though
the royal letters show that the measure w a s
one of policy, it acted i n the interest of
humanity."
SECTION o r MURAL IN T H E MASCOMA
S . w i N G S BANK, LEBANON, BY BERNARD
F . CHAPMAN. FROM "FIFTY'-THREE YEARS
OF PROGRESS" IN T H E N E W FIAMPS H i R E HISTORICAL SOCIETY'S LIBRARY.
�28
HISTORICAL
JOHN
WHEELWRIGHT,
the
founder of Exeter, came from
Lincolnshire, England,
where he was a vicar
in
a country
cliurch.
Sailing
for
America
in about i6^^ he
purchased
land at Exeter from the Indians
who
are said to have given
him a
deed.
The matter was widely publicized
but
the deed
was never authenticated
as
genuine.
Mr. Wheelwright
was pastor of the Exeter Church,
later
moving
to
Maine.
N E W HAMPSHIRE
and
children,
"captivated"
T h e settlement
next
by
u p captives
the r a i d here
brutally
Indians.
to C a n a d a .
in which Major
W a l d r o n , I n d i a n trader a n d
of the l e a d i n g
the
at C o c h e c o ( D o v e r ) w a s the
to d e l i v e r
was
HISTORICAL
figures
It
Richard
fighter,
a n d one
i n the colony, w a s so
murdered.
T h e H a n n a h D u s t a n episode is a m o n g the
first
records to appear i n p r i n t e d f o r m .
and
Mary
Neff
Haverhill,
set
were
taken
Massachusetts,
off i n the d i r e c t i o n
She
prisoners
DEERFIELD
teas protected
by a
Palisade
with
twenty
soldiers,
who
however,
were not alert, and
considerably hampered
by a deep snow.
Miss
Baker, in her book says "The
Indians
came in at niglit like a flood
upon
them, and tlie morning
dawned
on a
scene of horror."
Emma Lewis
Coleman gives a total of one hundred
and
twenty
captives
taken to Canada
in
noi
from Deerfield
alone.
N A R R A T I V E
o r, T H B
C
captors
Merrimack
River,
of C a n a d a .
They
a n d there
most
Mrs.
is celebrated
the t w o places.
Mas.
V
I
T
Y
J O H N S O N .
An A C C O U N T i f IJCI r\.y:
i;P.IN'.N
during Four 'r'ears » I'l 1".- I . '
were
and F R E N c H .
a n d t a k e n to C a n a d a , the latter re-
t u r n i n g to become the m o t h e r
dren.
at
of H a v e r -
h i l l , a n d H a n n a h E a s t m a n of C o n c o r d
captured
I
while
by m o n u m e n t s
H a n n a h Bradley
T
Dustan
of the p a r t y
they slept, r e t u r n i n g by canoe to H a v e r h i l l .
H e r memory
P
o ?
stopped for the n i g h t near P e n a c o o k o n the
k i l l e d a n d scalped
A
at
a n d their
29
N E W HAMPSHIRE
Samuel
Gill
of n i n e
of S a l i s b u r y ,
chil-
Massachu-
setts, w a s t a k e n i n 1697 at the age of n i n e ,
growing
up i n Canada
English girl.
ferred to r e m a i n a m o n g
students
and marrying
at D a r t m o u t h
I n the Histoire
the I n d i a n s .
were
des Abena\is,
Indian
of
Samuel
Abbe
Gill
of
d a u g h t e r of the R e v e r e n d J o h n
seven
Quebec.
at
Wells,
Purchased
Maine
from
J i . , :
.
.KTSlURf.,
C A R L 1 S L E, jun.
and
grand-
Wheelwright,
and
AT
D A V I D
fifty-two
white
blood.
f o u n d e r of E x e t e r , w a s c a p t u r e d
P R I N T E D
By
Maurauk
I n 1703 E s t h e r W h e e l w r i g h t , great
of
Three
his grandsons.
records a total of n i n e h u n d r e d a n d
descendants
an
H e never r e t u r n e d , h a v i n g pre-
at the age
taken
to
the A b e n a k i I n -
T i i T . E PACE OE T i i t JOHNSON- N A R RATIVE. I N T H E NE-W HAMPSHIRE
HISTORICAL
SOCIETY'S
LIBRARY.
d i a n s by a F r e n c h priest, she b e c a m e a governess i n the f a m i l y of the F r e n c h g o v e r n o r ,
V a u d r e u i l a n d later entered a n U r s u l i n e
C o n v e n t , e v e n t u a l l y to become M o t h e r S u perior of the U r s u l i n e s at M o n t r e a l , d y i n g
i n 1780 at the age of eighty-four.
She was
the o n l y E n g l i s h w o m a n ever to be so elected.
A n o t h e r instance of the u n u s u a l o u t c o m e
of I n d i a n c a p t i v i t y is that of E u n i c e W i l l i a m s d a u g h t e r of P a r s o n J o h n W i l l i a m s of
D e e r f i e l d w h o w a s c a p t u r e d i n 1704 f o l l o w i n g the I n d i a n a t t a c k there a n d t a k e n to
Canada.
R e f u s i n g a l l entreaties o n the part
of h e r parents t o be r a n s o m e d a n d r e t u r n e d ,
she b e c a m e the w i f e of a n I n d i a n w h o h a d
been b a p t i z e d by the n a m e A m b r o s e .
HKAD o i - HANNAH Du.srAN'.s TO.MAHAWK.
FROM A P R I N T I N T H E N E W H A M P SHIRE HISTORICAL SOCIETY'S COLLECTION.
T h e r e w a s also the case of the R o l l i n s
f a m i l y of E x e t e r , w h e r e a m o t h e r a n d h e r
t w o d a u g h t e r s w e r e c a p t u r e d , a n d the m o t h e r
r e d e e m e d , w h i l e the d a u g h t e r s r e m a i n e d to
marry into F r e n c h families.
�HISTORICAL
N E W
HISTORICAL
HAMPSHIRE
In
1725
the
Hanson
household
was
a t t a c k e d by eleven I n d i a n s .
T h e husband
a n d a d a u g h t e r escaped, but M r s . H a n s o n ,
her m a i d a n d several of her c h i l d r e n w e r e
c a r r i e d off. M r s . H a n s o n , the m a i d a n d three
of her c h i l d r e n w e r e e v e n t u a l l y r a n s o m e d ,
the youngest c h i l d h a v i n g r e m a i n e d as the
w i f e of a F r e n c h n a t i v e . T w o other c h i l d r e n
d i e d at the h a n d s of the I n d i a n s at the t i m e
of the c a p t u r e .
I n 1754, j u s t at the b e g i n n i n g of the S e v e n
Y e a r ' s W a r , the I n d i a n s r a i d e d the c o u n t r y Hamp-
s h i r e , t h e n a n e w l y settled f a r m area k n o w n
as S t e v e n s t o w n .
Scribner,
H e r e they c a p t u r e d S a m u e l
Robert
Barber,
Enos
Bishop
and
N a t h a n i e l M e l o o n w i t h his w i f e a n d several
children.
J E I I R Y , LORD AMHERST.
FROM
A P R I N T IN T H E N E W HAMPSHIRE
HISTORICAL SOCIETY'S COLLECTION.
T h e M e l o o n s w e r e t a k e n to C a n a d a , a l o n g
w i t h the others, a n d sold to a F r e n c h priest
aboard
Intercepted
BEADED B E L T
MADE BY
RACHEL
MELOON
WHILE
S H E W A S AN INDIAN C A P TIVE IN CANADA, AND S E N T
lo P E T E R K I M B A L L AT BOS-
CAWEN.
ORIGINAL IN T H E
N E W HAMPSHIRE HISTORICAL SOCIETY'S COLLECTION.
by
a vessel b o u n d
an
for
Arriving
of the d a u g h t e r s ,
reluctantly
returning
where
married
New
she
Hampshire
remained in
to
Salisbury
" a d o p t e d . " M r s . Johnson's h u s b a n d w a s t a k e n
Reuben
to M o n t r e a l w i t h t w o others of the
Canada,
in
Greeley.
H i s t o r i c a l Society
purchased
The
a
for
seven
hundred
of her d a u g h t e r s j o i n e d the f a m i l y of the L i e u t e n a n t G o v e r n o r .
for
mistreated.
whose
Peter
Kimball
of
d i a r y is also i n the L i b r a r y , w r i t t e n
w h i l e he s e r v e d i n the w a r .
S a l i s b u r y captives w e r e
Of
New
Boscawen,
a l l the accounts
A l l the
other
of I n d i a n captives i n
H a m p s h i r e t a k e n to C a n a d a , the story
of the " J o h n s o n C a p t i v i t y " is perhaps
among
the best k n o w n .
A r a r e copy of the " N a r r a -
tive"
Walpole, N e w
by
printed i n
David
Narrative
oj the
containing
ing
is
four
in
Carlisle,
Jr.,
Captivity
an account
years
The
with
New
1796
Hampshire
and
oj Mrs.
of her
the Indians
Hampshire
sufferings
and
called
Johnson:
durFrench,
H i s t o r i c a l So-
ciety's L i b r a r y .
A c c o r d i n g to this record C a p t a i n J a m e s
J o h n s o n became a resident of
"Number
F o u r , " n o w C h a r l e s t o w n , i n 1750,
having
, ,
the
T h e y w e r e not
, .
C a p t a i n J o h n s o n w a s released on parole to enable h i m to secure a r a n s o m
of one h u n d r e d a n d fifty p o u n d s , w h i c h he obtained f r o m the N e w
government.
redeemed.
l i v r e s by
F r e n c h g o v e r n m e n t a n d placed i n the f a m i l y of G o v e r n o r D u q u w n e w h i l e one
b e a d - w o r k belt m a d e by her w h e n a c a p t i v e ,
Captain
group.
L a t e r , she says, she w a s also t a k e n there a n d
1763
has
learned
into w h i c h appropriate ceremonies they w e r e
were
r e t u r n e d to N e w H a m p s h i r e . R a c h e l M e l o o n ,
one
at St. F r a n c i s the party
that the I n d i a n s w e r e of the S t . F r a n c i s tribe
France.
E n g l i s h ship, they
31
W h e t h e r their m o t i v e w a s to get these
articles a w a y f r o m J o h n s o n or not is u n c e r t a i n f r o m the account, but M r . J o h n s o n a n d
a l m o s t his entire household w e r e c a p t u r e d
on the n i g h t of his r e t u r n by a b a n d of seventeen I n d i a n s w h o took t h e m to C a n a d a w i t h
s u c h of t h e i r belongings as they c o u l d seize.
T h e a c c o u n t of the j o u r n e y c o n t a i n s a n u m ber of i n t e r e s t i n g i n c i d e n t s , a m o n g t h e m the
fact that the I n d i a n s d i d not t o r t u r e or m o lest t h e m a n d that one of the c h i l d r e n w a s
placed for the n i g h t b e t w e e n t w o I n d i a n s
a n d covered by a rope h e l d d o w n at each e n d
by a n I n d i a n w h o l a y on i t , so t h a t i f she
attempted to escape they w o u l d be a w a k e n e d .
D u r i n g the j o u r n e y a d a u g h t e r w a s b o r n to
M r s . J o h n s o n , w h o m she n a m e d " C a p t i v e "
Johnson.
w h o later placed M r s . M e l o o n a n d t w o of the
children
HAMPSHIRE
come u p the C o n n e c t i c u t R i v e r f r o m L u n e n burg
Massachusetts.
His
business
was
largely t r a d i n g w i t h the I n d i a n s , a n occupat i o n he seems to have enjoyed a n d profited
by. I n 1754 he left home to tour the c o u n t r y side i n .search of t r a d i n g o p p o r t u n i t i e s .
He
appears a l w a y s to h a v e been o n f r i e n d l y
t e r m s w i t h the I n d i a n s a n d r e t u r n e d w i t h a
good stock of n e w articles he h a d p u r c h a s e d .
T h e H a n s o n c a p t i v i t y has been w i d e l y p u b l i c i z e d by a n a u t o b i o g r a p h y by M r s . E l i z a b e t h
H a n s o n of D o v e r w h i c h appeared i n several
e d i t i o n s , a n u m b e r of rare copies b e i n g i n
The New
H a m p s h i r e H i s t o r i c a l Society's
L i b r a r y . M r s . H a n s o n w a s the w i f e of J o h n
Hanson, a Quaker.
side i n the v i c i n i t y of S a l i s b u r y , N e w
N E W
A f t e r a year a n d a h a l f i n C a n a d a M r s
t v i t h her sisters a n d t w o d a u g h t e r s r e t u r n e d to the C o l o n i e s .
released after three years of c a p i v i t y .
a n u n in M o n t r e a l .
Ticonderoea.
Hampshire
J o h n s o n w a s released, a n d
M r . Johnson
was
O n e of the d a u g h t e r s r e n a m e d a n d became
C a p t a i n Johnson
later enlisted a n d w a s k i l l e d
M r s . J o h n s o n d i e d i n 1810.
j t-
m
,
1758
,
W i t h ^ t h e l ^ g i n n i n g of open w a r f a r e b e t w e e n F r a n c e a n d E n g a n d ,
^
at
,,
finally
r e s u l t i n g in the t a k i n g by the E n g l i s h of M o n t r e a l a n d Q u e b e c , the I n d i a n raids
on N e w
H a m p s h i r e cam'e to a n e n d , a l t h o u g h there w e r e
b e t w e e n the N e w
requent
encounters
E n g l a n d e r s a n d the I n d i a n s i n the v i c i n i t y ot the C a n a d i a n
border u n t i l after the close of the R e v o l u t i o n .
�HISTORICAL
32
New
N E W HAMPSHIRE
HISTORICAL
Hampshire Indians H a v e Gone but
N
EW
HAMPSHIRE,
as
well
as
all A m e r i c a ,
may
it
might
have
gone
far
f o u g h t i n the R e v o l u t i o n .
PASSACONAWAY
was the
most
famous of the Penaeoot^ Indians
whose
lands bordered on the Merrimack
river
north of Concord, and their chief.
He
is said to have lived to be a
hundred
and tiventy years old. His dying
words
are recorded to have been; "Take
heed
how you quarrel with the English
for
though
you may do them much
mischief, you will be destroyed and rooted
of} the earth if you do."
Passaconaway's daughter is said to have
married
Winnepurkit
or Winnepocket
also of
the Penacook
tribe.
diflerendy
with
well
pay
tribute
to
the
H a d it not been for t h e m
soldiers
who
I t w a s i n the I n d i a n w a r s they l e a r n e d to
New
England
fight.
F o r m o r e t h a n t w o decades p r i o r to 1775,
m e n w e r e t r a i n e d here, t h a n k s to the I n d i a n s , to protect t h e i r h o m e s a n d g u a r d t h e i r
liberty.
O n e has but to r e a d the r e c o r d of
G e n e r a l John S t a r k a n d his fellow-patriots,
to sense the i m p o r t a n c e of the events that
preceded the w a r for the i n d e p e n d e n c e of
this c o u n t r y .
T h e early settlers h a d as m u c h difficulty i n
p r o n o u n c i n g the I n d i a n n a m e s as the I n d i a n s
d i d i n a t t e m p t i n g to m a k e t h e i r s p r o n o u n c able.
T h e y d i d , h o w e v e r , g i v e us
Coos
w h i c h they p r o n o u n c e d C o w a s h or C o w a s s ,
a n d w h i c h became the n a m e of a N e w
H a m p s h i r e c o u n t y . C o c h e c o w a s as near as
the colonists got to w h a t w a s
afterward
named Dover.
S u n a p e e the I n d i a n s apparently p r o n o u n c e d Soo-ni-pee, a s p e l l i n g s t i l l
occasionally to be seen o n old signs.
Occum
is the n a m e of a f a m o u s D a r t m o u t h I n d i a n
graduate.
.
WONOLANCET
was tlie son of
. Passaconaway.
Although
the
settlers
are said to have burned
one of his
•fenacook
villages in 167;, during
King
Philip's
War, the Penacooks
did
not
retaliate,
fohn Eliot,
writing
to his
friend
Sir Robert
Boyle, in
England,
calls
Wonolancet
"a sachem
of
tiie
greatest blood of the
country."
CHOCORUA. FROM A P R I N T I N
THE
N E W HAMPSHIRE
HISTORICAL SOCIETY'S COLLECTION.
CHOCORUA
is thought
to
have
been a member
of the Pequawket
or
Ossipee tribe,
but whatever
tribe Ite
was, he has always been New
Hampshire's favorie Indian.
In the earliest
records,
the Mountain
named for him
was
called
feckoyva
and
Chocorua
himself
is thought
to have spent a
good part of his life in the
vicinity
of Tamworth
and "died on the mountain, presumably
as a residt of a fall
from a
cliff."
Mr. Lawrence
Mayo, a life
member
of The New Hampshire
Historical
Society,
who
did considerable
research
on the "Legend
of Chocorua."
fhe
name of his monograph,
says,
"There
is a tradition
that Chocorua was killed
by white men and that his dying
curse
was responsible for a mysterious
bovine
malady in that region of New
Hampshire."
PASSACONAWAY. FROM A P R I N T IN T H E N E W
HAMPSHIRE HISTORICAL SOCIETY'S COLLECTION.
33
L i k e w i s e w h i l e the n a m e s of our places
are l a r g e l y of E n g l i s h o r i g i n . N e w H a m p shire got m a n y of t h e m f r o m the I n d i a n s .
The
n a m e s of P e n a c o o k , Ossipee a n d P e q u a w k e t ( P i g w a c k e t ) are d e r i v e d
directly
f r o m the I n d i a n tribes.
O t h e r tribes w e r e
the N a s h u a s , the S o u h e g a n s , the N a t i c o o k s ,
the M o h a w k s , the N a m o s k e a g s ( A m o s k e a g ) ,
the N a r r a g a n s e t t s , the S u n c o o k s , the W i n n i pesaukees, a n d the P i s c a t a q u a s .
F r o m the
N e w H a m p s h i r e I n d i a n C h i e f s come our
n a m e s of P a s s a c o n a w a y , W o n o l a n c e t , C h o corua, Kancamagus, Waternome and Paugus.
T h e i r Names at Least R e m a i n
m e m o r y of the I n d i a n s for at least one t h i n g .
N E W HAMPSHIRE
SAMSON
OCCOM
(or Cecum)
was
an early Indian convert to the
Christian
faith, coming from the Mohegan
tribe
in Southern
Connecticut
of which,
in
1742, at the age of nineteen,
he had
become one of the
leaders.
Selected
by the Reverend
Eleazer
Wheelock
to attend his "college"
for
Indians
at Lebanon,
Connecticut,
then
called
Moor's
Indian
Charity
School,
and afterward
Dartmouth
College,
he
first became a school-teacher
and later
an ordained
minister
oj the
Gospel.
In 1764,
following
the close of tlie
French
and English
War, he was sent
by Wheelock to accompany
the
Evangelist,
George
Whitefield,
to
preach
and solicit contributions
to the
school
in England
and Scotland.
He is said
to have been instrumental
in
raising
a large endowment
fund, estimated at
twelve thousand pounds.
In his admirable book, "Samson
Occom,"
Harold
Blodgett
says that "without
Occom,
Dartmouth
wotdd
never
have
been
foimded."
C e r t a i n e n d i n g s o n our I n d i a n n a m e s fall
i n t o r e c o g n i z a b l e classes, s u c h as A n n a h o o k set ( H o o k s e t t ) , P e m i g e w a s s e t a n d N i t t i s s i t ,
a k i n to other n a m e s e n d i n g i n sit or set.
T h e e n d i n g coo\r 0 0 ^ ) finding itself i n
a g r o u p i n g of P e n a c o o k , P o n t o o c o o k , S u n cook,
Ahquedaukee,
Cowissawashook
( K e a r s a r g e ) , Aroostook, A m m o n u s u c , C o n toocook, M o o s i l a u k e , M o n o m o n o c , B a b o o s u c ,
U n c a n o o n u c , A s h u e l o c k ( A s h u e l o t ) , Massabesic, W a l o o m s u c , N e w i c h w a n n o c k , M e r r i m a c ( o n c e called M o n i a c k , M o n o m a c
or
M o n o m o c ) , has caused m u c h
speculation
a m o n g p h i l o l o g i s t s , some of w h o m consider
the e n d i n g oo\o m e a n m e r e l y at.
S i n c e there w e r e as m a n y different
ages or dialects a m o n g
the N e w
I n d i a n s as there are a m o n g
tions
the v a r i o u s
attached
there m i g h t
that w i t h
have
been
w o r d s to w h i c h the syllable at w a s
meaning
The
sec-
of the U n i t e d States, it is difficult
go f u r t h e r t h a n to conjecture
ooh
langu-
Hampshire
at
the
philologists
at g o i n g
mountain
seem
or
to h a v e
at
to
the
many
attached,
the
been
river
balked
further.
A n o t h e r g r o u p of N e w H a m p s h i r e I n d i a n
n a m e s a l l c o n t a i n the syllable squatrt.
Asquam
�34
HISTORICAL
HISTORICAL
N E W HAMPSHIRE
N E W HAMPSHIRE
35
ljut w e r e at least i n use by the settlers w h i l e the I n d i a n s w e r e here.
THE HUTCHINSONS,
Indson,
John,
Asa and Abhy, of the "Tribe
of fesse"
were famous
in tlie annals of
New
Hampshire
history as America's
foremost family of singers.
They were a
choir
of thirteen
at the
beginning,
growing
up in Milford,
New
Hampshire.
Later as a quartet, they
toured
America from the 1840's to the
iSyo's.
shire n a t i v e s , but g i v e n i n h o n o r of great A m e r i c a n
T h e f o r e g o i n g l i s t of N e w H a m p s h i r e I n d i a n n a m e s is by no m e a n s c o m p l e t e ,
they w e r e
M a n y other tributes h a v e been p a i d to the N e w
England Indians.
Our evening
dance is seen no more.
Its sound has ceased to flow.
And each one sings a mournful
dirge
In accents sad and
slow.
The whites have swept our
friends
away,
Beneath the turf our fathers
lay,
We soon must join them in
death's
sleep
And leave our homes to mourn
and
weep.
Shall I the bravest of the
chiefs.
On this isle make my bed?
0 no! the whites' polluted
feet
Shall ne'er tread o'er my
head.
I've buried my hatchet 'neath the turf,
But I will rest beneath the
surf;
The foaming billows shall be my
grave,
For I'll not die a white man's
slave.
T h e col-
lege s o n g of A m h e r s t a n d m a n y a n o t h e r b a l l a d a n d story, a l l tell of the part they
p l a y e d i n our early h i s t o r y , of w h i c h the verses of L o n g f e l l o w
James F e n i m o r e
C o o p e r are e x a m p l e s .
a n d the books of
M o s t p o p u l a r a m o n g the
compositions
of a decade or t w o ago w a s a s o n g c o m p o s e d a n d s u n g by the H u t c h i n s o n s
"Glide O n , My Light Canoe," a
fitting
H i s t o r i c a l Society's L i b r a r y .
13
SAMSON- OCCUM. FROM A P R I N T IN T H E NE-W
HAMPSHIRE HISI-ORICAL SOCII:TY'S COLLECTION.
(Squam
Lake, mountain and river), W i n n i -
squam,
Asquam-Schumake
JVIonascon
or
Mascoma,
necticut)
Quampeagin,
(Baker
one they m i g h t
These names
do
the same tribe, so t h a t to
have meant something
different
f r o m another.
meaning
of squam
the n a m e S q u a m
(Con-
Squamannagonic,
(CJonic), and Squamscott.
not a l l c o m e f r o m
River),
Quonekticut
Several
quite
indicate
the
to be l a k e , i n w h i c h case
L a k e might, in
become L a k e L a k e !
translation
O t h e r squams
are
said
to be r i v e r s .
T h e n a m e s e n d i n g i n qua,
Piscataqua,
Pequawket,
a n d ]{et s u c h as
Wataqua,
Winni-
p a u k e t t , seem to i n d i c a t e w a t e r or r i v e r s also,
while
the
influence
of
the
French
may
be
t r a c e d , p e r h a p s , to the t r a n s l a t i o n of C h e b u c t o
to C h e b e a q u e , the n a m e F r a n c o i s
wa
(Plausua
Mountain),
p r o n o u n c e d t h e i r jr
Winnicoultt.
as pi,
since
and
to P l a u s a -
the
Indians
Winnicot
to
St. John Baptist was Sabbatis.
O d d n a m e s , s u c h as P a r m a c h e n e , A t t i l h a ,
Catamount, Mahomet, Monadnock, and Opechee are difficult to trace to I n d i a n o r i g i n .
called
t r i b u t e to this v a n i s h e d , b u t never-to-be-
forgotten race, a copy of w h i c h is one of the treasures i n T h e N e w
Glide on my light canoe, glide
on,
The morning
breeze is free,
I'll guide thee far, far out upon
The wild and troubled
sea.
Howl on ye blasts with all your
might.
Hide, hide thyself thou orb of light,
y.Roll on ye mountain
billows
roll.
The wonders of the deep
unfold.
And on the waves we're forced
to
roam;
There's
none to pity, none to save
The red man jrom the ocean
grave.
that
"here."
One of the most popular songs was
called "Glide
On, My Light
Canoe"
by J. W. Hutchinson
with these
words:
Glide on and bear me from the sight
Of yonder
shady
vale;
For oh! there is a with'ring
blight
Spread o'er my native
Isle;
The whites have driven
us from
our
home.
Hamp-
Indians.
but indicates some of the p e r m a n e n t records they h a v e left b e h i n d , s h o w i n g
They sang many popular songs and
popularized
others,
usually
on
such
subjects
as temperance
and
freedom,
calling
themselves
the Aeolian
Vocalists and singing
such ballads as
"The
Old Granite
State,"
"Let
My
People
Go,"
"What
Are
the
Wild
Waves
Saying,"
"The
Good Time
Coming,"
"The
Spider
and
the Fly,"
"Kind
Words Can Never Die" and many of
their own
compositions.
'l
~
, t
•
T h e names
T e c u m s e h a n d Osceola are late c o m e r s , not, of c o u r s e , related to the N e w
COVER OF INDIAN SONG, SUNG IJY T H E HUTCHINSON F A M I L Y .
FROM T H E N E W HAMPSHIRE HISTORICAL SOCIETY'S COLLECTION.
Hampshire
�36
HISTORICAL
N E W HAMPSHIRE
SOURCES OF INFORMATION
Atkinson, Theodore.
A c c o u n t ot* m y j o u r n e y as a C o m m i s s i o n e r f r o m the G o v e r n o r of N e w
H a m p s h i r e to C a n a d a , begun J a n u a r y the 15th. 1724-25.
P u b h s h e d by the Society of
C o l o n i a l W a r s , n o date.
f k l k n a p . R e v . Jeremy.
H i s t o r ) ' of N e w H a m p s h i r e ; 3 v o l u m e s .
I-'hiladelphia a n d B o s t o n ,
P r i n t e d for the A u t h o r , 1 7 8 4 - 9 2 .
Blodgett, H a r o l d . S a m s o n O c c o m . H a n o v e r , D a r t m o u t h C o l l e g e , 1935.
B o d g e , G e o r g e M . Soldiers i n K i n g P h i l i p ' s W a r . L e o m i n s t e r , P r i n t e d for the A u t h o r , 1896.
C a s w e l l , F r e d M . J o h n S t a r k , originator of N e w H a m p s h i r e ' s state motto.
Historical N e w
H a m p s h i r e , J u n e 1945.
C o l e m a n , E m m a L . N e w E^ngland captives c a r r i e d to C a n a d a between 1677 a n d 1 7 6 0 ; 2 v o l umes.
P o r t l a n d , S o u t h w o r t h , 1925,
C r a w f o r d , J o h n G . I n d i a n s of N e w H a m p s h i r e . Manchester H i s t o r i c Association Collections,
v o l u m e I , t)art 2. Manchester, G o u l d , 1897.
Douglas-Lithgow, R. A .
D i c t i o n a r y of A m e r i c a n - I n d i a n place a n d proper names i n N e w
England.
S a l e m , S a l e m Press, 1909.
D r a k e , Samuel Gardner.
B i o g r a p h y a n d history of the I n d i a n s of N o r t h A m e r i c a .
Boston,
Mussey, 1 8 5 1 .
T h e F a r m e r ' s M o n t h l y V i s i t o r , v o l u m e 12.
Manchester, 1852.
G o o k i n , D a n i e l . H i s t o r i c a l collections of the I n d i a n s of N e w E n g l a n d .
Massachusetts H i s torical Society Collections, first series, v o l u m e i .
H a n s o n , M r s . E l i z a b e t h . A c c o u n t of the captivity of E l i z a b e t h H a n s o n . L o n d o n , C l a r k , 1760.
Johnson, M r s . Susanna.
N a r r a t i v e of the c a p t i v i t y of M r s . John.son.
W a l p o l e , C a r l i s l e , 1796.
K e n t o n , E d n a , editor. T h e Jesuit Relations a n d allied documents.
N e w Y o r k , B o n i , 1925.
Kidder, Frederic.
T h e . \ b e n a k i I n d i a n s : their treaties of 1713 a n d 1717, a n d a v o c a b u lary. P o r t l a n d , T h u r s t o n , 1859.
i M c C l i n t o c k , J o h n N o r r i s . H i s t o r y of N e w H a m p s h i r e . I^oston, R u s s e l l , i 8 8 8 .
( i M a u r a u l t , O l i v i e r . T h e F r e n c h of C a n a d a a n d N e w E n g l a n d .
A n address before the N e w c o m e n Society, 1 9 5 1 .
Mayo, Lawrence Shaw.
H i s t o r y of the legend of C h o c o r u a .
T h e N e w England Quarterly,
v o l u m e 19, September 1946.
M o r i s o n , S a m u e l Elliot. B u i l d e r s of the B a y C o l o n y .
Boston, H o u g h t o n , 1930.
Morton, T h o m a s . N e w English Canaan.
Boston, P r i n c e Society, 1883.
N e w H a m p s h i r e P r o v i n c i a l Papers, v o l u m e s i a n d 2.
P a r k m a n , F r a n c i s . C o u n t F r o n t e n a c a n d N e w F r a n c e u n d e r L o u i s X I V . Boston, L i t t l e , 1904.
Penhallow, Samuel.
H i s t o r y of the w a r s of N e w E n g l a n d w i t h the eastern I n d i a n s . N e w
H a m p s h i r e H i s t o r i c a l Society Collections, v o l u m e i .
Roberts, K e n n e t h . N o r t h w e s t Passage.
G a r d e n C i t y , D o u b l e d a y , 1937.
Rogers, M a j o r Robert.
Journals.
D u b l i n , Potts, 1770,
S a u n d e r s o n , H e n r y F I . H i s t o r y of C h a r l e s t o w n , N e w H a m p s h i r e , the O l d N o . 4. C l a r e m o n t
M a n u f a c t u r i n g ' C o m p a n y , 1876.
Schoolcraft, H e n r y R . I n f o r m a t i o n respecting the I n d i a n tribes of the U n i t e d States, 6 v o l u m e s .
P h i l a d e l p h i a , L i p p i n c o t t , 1852-57.
��
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Indigenous Culture, Native Works, Objects, & Decoration
Object
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Historical NH - October 1952 Issue - NH Remembers The Indians
Description
An account of the resource
A thirty-six page booklet created by the New Hampshire Historical Society. The Historical New Hampshire, Volume 8 Number 2, October 1952 Issue covers remembrances of indigenous populations, as researched and complied by by Robinson V. Smith. It is subtitled "NH Remembers the Indians." The accounts are exclusively told from European settler perspectives. The booklet contains as many European colonist representations as it does representations of indigenous populations.
This item contains biases and misinformation from early periods.
FHS-Kyle Leach
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
New Hampshire Historical Society
Robinson V. Smith
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
New Hampshire Historical Society
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
New Hampshire Historical Society
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
Late 1600's-mid 1700's
Sources used for publications range from 1700's to early 20th Century
October 1952
Date Created
Date of creation of the resource.
October 1952
booklet
clothing
culture
history
Indian
Indigenous
information
language
narrative
New Hampshire
New Hampshire Historical Society
pdf
people
settlers